1
|
Mehranfar S, Jalilpiran Y, Jafari A, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S, Speakman JR, Djafarian K. Validity of dietary assessment methods compared with doubly labeled water in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13768. [PMID: 38783784 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to validate dietary assessment methods against the gold standard, doubly labeled water (DLW), for estimating total energy intake (TEI). METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched until May 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies involving participants aged 1-18 years, employing dietary assessment methods like food records, dietary histories, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), or 24-h recalls estimating TEI alongside DLW to measure total energy expenditure (TEE). Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis models. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were identified, with sample sizes ranging from 9 to 118 participants. Meta-analysis of 22 studies identified underestimation of TEI (mean difference [MD] = -262.9 kcal/day [95% CI: -380.0, -145.8]; I2 = 93.55%) for food records compared with TEE estimated by DLW. Other dietary assessment methods, including food recalls (n = 9) (MD = 54.2 kcal/day [95% CI: -19.8, 128.1]; I2 = 49.62%), FFQ (n = 7) (MD = 44.5 kcal/day [95% CI: -317.8, 406.8]; I2 = 94.94%), and diet history (n = 3) (MD = -130.8 kcal/day [95% CI: -455.8, 194.1]; I2 = 77.48%), showed no significant differences in TEI compared with DLW-estimated TEE. All studies were of high quality. CONCLUSION Food records may underestimate TEI, yet additional research is needed to identify the most accurate methods for assessing children's dietary intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Mehranfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Institute, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although research studies increasingly use children as primary reporters in dietary assessments, it is unclear how well children's self-reported intake correlates with independently validated reports of their intake; this meta-analysis assesses that correlation. DESIGN Moderators of the correlation between self-reported and independently validated intake were predicted a priori: type of dietary intake assessment (24 h recall, food diary and food frequency questionnaires), validation measures, parental assistance and age. Online databases were searched for articles published from 1990 to 2014 that compared children's self-reports of dietary intake to validated observations of food intake in children age 4-16. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Summary effect size Pearson r between children's self-reported dietary intake and independently validated dietary intake were calculated. RESULTS In k = 32 samples from 23 studies, a statistically significant correlation (r = .48, Z = 7.26, p < .001) was found between children's self-reported dietary intake and independently validated reports of dietary intake. Validation method (Q = 17.49, df = 2, p < .001) and parental assistance (Z = 2.03, p = .042) were significant moderators of this correlation. Self-report methodology (Q = 3.95, df = 2, p = .139) and age (Q = .02, p = .879) were not significant moderators of the distribution of effect sizes. CONCLUSION Together, these results provide baseline information about children's recall in dietary intake assessments conducted with children as primary reporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Merson
- a Department of Psychology , Claremont Graduate University , Claremont , CA , USA
| | - Kathy Pezdek
- a Department of Psychology , Claremont Graduate University , Claremont , CA , USA
| | - Karen Saywitz
- b Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bryant M, Ashton L, Brown J, Jebb S, Wright J, Roberts K, Nixon J. Systematic review to identify and appraise outcome measures used to evaluate childhood obesity treatment interventions (CoOR): evidence of purpose, application, validity, reliability and sensitivity. Health Technol Assess 2015; 18:1-380. [PMID: 25125212 DOI: 10.3310/hta18510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of uniformity in outcome measures used in evaluations of childhood obesity treatment interventions can impede the ability to assess effectiveness and limits comparisons across trials. OBJECTIVE To identify and appraise outcome measures to produce a framework of recommended measures for use in evaluations of childhood obesity treatment interventions. DATA SOURCES Eleven electronic databases were searched between August and December 2011, including MEDLINE; MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations; EMBASE; PsycINFO; Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC); Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED); Global Health, Maternity and Infant Care (all Ovid); Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (EBSCOhost); Science Citation Index (SCI) [Web of Science (WoS)]; and The Cochrane Library (Wiley) - from the date of inception, with no language restrictions. This was supported by review of relevant grey literature and trial databases. REVIEW METHODS Two searches were conducted to identify (1) outcome measures and corresponding citations used in published childhood obesity treatment evaluations and (2) manuscripts describing the development and/or evaluation of the outcome measures used in the childhood intervention obesity evaluations. Search 1 search strategy (review of trials) was modelled on elements of a review by Luttikhuis et al. (Oude Luttikhuis H, Baur L, Jansen H, Shrewsbury VA, O'Malley C, Stolk RP, et al. Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;1:CD001872). Search 2 strategy (methodology papers) was built on Terwee et al.'s search filter (Terwee CB, Jansma EP, Riphagen II, de Vet HCW. Development of a methodological PubMed search filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement instruments. Qual Life Res 2009;18:1115-23). Eligible papers were appraised for quality initially by the internal project team. This was followed by an external appraisal by expert collaborators in order to agree which outcome measures should be recommended for the Childhood obesity Outcomes Review (CoOR) outcome measures framework. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy-nine manuscripts describing 180 outcome measures met eligibility criteria. Appraisal of these resulted in the recommendation of 36 measures for the CoOR outcome measures framework. Recommended primary outcome measures were body mass index (BMI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Experts did not advocate any self-reported measures where objective measurement was possible (e.g. physical activity). Physiological outcomes hold potential to be primary outcomes, as they are indicators of cardiovascular health, but without evidence of what constitutes a minimally importance difference they have remained as secondary outcomes (although the corresponding lack of evidence for BMI and DXA is acknowledged). No preference-based quality-of-life measures were identified that would enable economic evaluation via calculation of quality-adjusted life-years. Few measures reported evaluating responsiveness. LIMITATIONS Proposed recommended measures are fit for use as outcome measures within studies that evaluate childhood obesity treatment evaluations specifically. These may or may not be suitable for other study designs, and some excluded measures may be more suitable in other study designs. CONCLUSIONS The CoOR outcome measures framework provides clear guidance of recommended primary and secondary outcome measures. This will enhance comparability between treatment evaluations and ensure that appropriate measures are being used. Where possible, future work should focus on modification and evaluation of existing measures rather than development of tools de nova. In addition, it is recommended that a similar outcome measures framework is produced to support evaluation of adult obesity programmes. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bryant
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lee Ashton
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia Brown
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Susan Jebb
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judy Wright
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Jane Nixon
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The role of eating frequency on total energy intake and diet quality in a low-income, racially diverse sample of schoolchildren. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:474-81. [PMID: 24780506 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship of meal and snacking patterns with overall dietary intake and relative weight in children is unclear. The current study was done to examine how eating, snack and meal frequencies relate to total energy intake and diet quality. DESIGN The cross-sectional associations of eating, meal and snack frequencies with total energy intake and diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005), were examined in separate multivariable mixed models. Differences were examined between elementary school-age participants (9-11 years) and adolescents (12-15 years). SETTING Two non-consecutive 24 h diet recalls were collected from children attending four schools in the greater Boston area, MA, USA. SUBJECTS One hundred and seventy-six schoolchildren, aged 9-15 years. RESULTS Overall, 82% of participants consumed three daily meals. Eating, meal and snack frequencies were statistically significantly and positively associated with total energy intake. Each additional reported meal and snack was associated with an 18·5% and a 9·4% increase in total energy intake, respectively (P<0·001). The relationships of eating, meal and snack frequencies with diet quality differed by age category. In elementary school-age participants, total eating occasions and snacks increased HEI-2005 score. In adolescents, each additional meal increased HEI-2005 score by 5·40 points (P=0·01), whereas each additional snack decreased HEI-2005 score by 2·73 points (P=0·006). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that snacking increases energy intake in schoolchildren. Snacking is associated with better diet quality in elementary school-age children and lower diet quality in adolescents. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of snacking in excess weight gain in children and adolescents.
Collapse
|
5
|
Illner AK, Freisling H, Boeing H, Huybrechts I, Crispim SP, Slimani N. Review and evaluation of innovative technologies for measuring diet in nutritional epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 41:1187-203. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
6
|
Sharkey JR, Nalty C, Johnson CM, Dean WR. Children's very low food security is associated with increased dietary intakes in energy, fat, and added sugar among Mexican-origin children (6-11 y) in Texas border Colonias. BMC Pediatr 2012; 12:16. [PMID: 22348599 PMCID: PMC3298490 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity among Mexican-origin and Hispanic households is a critical nutritional health issue of national importance. At the same time, nutrition-related health conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are increasing in Mexican-origin youth. Risk factors for obesity and type 2 diabetes are more common in Mexican-origin children and include increased intakes of energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods. This study assessed the relationship between children's experience of food insecurity and nutrient intake from food and beverages among Mexican-origin children (age 6-11 y) who resided in Texas border colonias. METHODS Baseline data from 50 Mexican-origin children were collected in the home by trained promotora-researchers. All survey (demographics and nine-item child food security measure) and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected in Spanish. Dietary data were collected in person on three occasions using a multiple-pass approach; nutrient intakes were calculated with NDS-R software. Separate multiple regression models were individually fitted for total energy, protein, dietary fiber, calcium, vitamin D, potassium, sodium, Vitamin C, and percentage of calories from fat and added sugars. RESULTS Thirty-two children (64%) reported low or very low food security. Few children met the recommendations for calcium, dietary fiber, and sodium; and none for potassium or vitamin D. Weekend intake was lower than weekday for calcium, vitamin D, potassium, and vitamin C; and higher for percent of calories from fat. Three-day average dietary intakes of total calories, protein, and percent of calories from added sugars increased with declining food security status. Very low food security was associated with greater intakes of total energy, calcium, and percentage of calories from fat and added sugar. CONCLUSIONS This paper not only emphasizes the alarming rates of food insecurity for this Hispanic subgroup, but describes the associations for food insecurity and diet among this sample of Mexican-origin children. Child-reported food insecurity situations could serve as a screen for nutrition problems in children. Further, the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs, which play a major beneficial role in children's weekday intakes, may not be enough to keep pace with the nutritional needs of low and very low food secure Mexican-origin children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Sharkey
- Program for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, MS 1266, College Station, TX 77843-1266, USA
| | - Courtney Nalty
- Program for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, MS 1266, College Station, TX 77843-1266, USA
| | - Cassandra M Johnson
- UNC Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention and Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB # 7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA
| | - Wesley R Dean
- Program for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, MS 1266, College Station, TX 77843-1266, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rollo ME, Ash S, Lyons-Wall P, Russell A. Trial of a mobile phone method for recording dietary intake in adults with type 2 diabetes: evaluation and implications for future applications. J Telemed Telecare 2011; 17:318-23. [PMID: 21844173 DOI: 10.1258/jtt.2011.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated a mobile phone application (Nutricam) for recording dietary intake. It allowed users to capture a photograph of food items before consumption and store a voice recording to explain the contents of the photograph. This information was then sent to a website where it was analysed by a dietitian. Ten adults with type 2 diabetes (BMI 24.1-47.9 kg/m(2)) recorded their intake over a three-day period using both Nutricam and a written food diary. Compared to the food diary, energy intake was under-recorded by 649 kJ (SD 810) using the mobile phone method. However, there was no trend in the difference between dietary assessment methods at levels of low or high energy intake. All subjects reported that the mobile phone system was easy to use. Six subjects found that the time taken to record using Nutricam was shorter than recording using the written diary, while two reported that it was about the same. The level of detail provided in the voice recording and food items obscured in photographs reduced the quality of the mobile phone records. Although some modifications to the mobile phone method will be necessary to improve the accuracy of self-reported intake, the system was considered an acceptable alternative to written records and has the potential to be used by adults with type 2 diabetes for monitoring dietary intake by a dietitian.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rollo
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith AF. Validation Studies of Diets of Children and Adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:1124-5; author's reply 1125-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Burrows TL, Martin RJ, Collins CE. A systematic review of the validity of dietary assessment methods in children when compared with the method of doubly labeled water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:1501-10. [PMID: 20869489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Measuring dietary intake in children enables the assessment of nutritional adequacy of individuals and groups and can provide information about nutrients, including energy, food, and eating habits. The aim of this review was to determine which dietary assessment method(s) provide a valid and accurate estimate of energy intake by comparison with the gold standard measure, doubly labeled water (DLW). English-language articles published between 1973 and 2009 and available from common nutrition databases were retrieved. Studies were included if the subjects were children birth to age 18 years and used the DLW technique to validate reported energy intake by any other dietary assessment method. The review identified 15 cross-sectional studies, with a variety of comparative dietary assessment methods. These included a total of 664 children, with the majority having <30 participants. The majority of dietary assessment method validation studies indicated a degree of misreporting, with only eight studies identifying this to a significant level (P<0.05) compared to DLW estimated energy intake. Under-reporting by food records varied from 19% to 41% (n=5 studies) with over-reporting most often associated with 24-hour recalls (7% to 11%, n=4), diet history (9% to 14%, n=3), and food frequency questionnaires (2% to 59%, n=2). This review suggested that the 24-hour multiple pass recall conducted over at least a 3-day period that includes weekdays and weekend days and uses parents as proxy reporters is the most accurate method to estimate total energy intake in children aged 4 to 11 years, compared to total energy expenditure measured by DLW. Weighed food records provided the best estimate for younger children aged 0.5 to 4 years, whereas the diet history provided better estimates for adolescents aged≥16 years. Further research is needed in this area to substantiate findings and improve estimates of total energy expenditure in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Burrows
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Humphries K, Traci MA, Seekins T. Nutrition and adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities: systematic literature review results. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2009; 47:163-185. [PMID: 19489663 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-47.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 4.5 million Americans have an intellectual or developmental disability. Concern is increasing about these individuals' nutrition-related behavior and its implications for their health. This article reports on a systematic search of the current literature listed in the PsycINFO and PubMed databases related to nutritional status of adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities. The authors used key terms for nutrition, secondary conditions, and intellectual and developmental disability and categorized literature pertaining to nutrition-related studies of adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities as follows: dietary intake studies, anthropometric assessments of nutritional risks, biochemical indexes, and clinical evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Humphries
- University of Montana Rural Institute on Disabilities, Research Unit, Missoula, MT, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Higgins JA, LaSalle AL, Zhaoxing P, Kasten MY, Bing KN, Ridzon SE, Witten TL. Validation of photographic food records in children: are pictures really worth a thousand words? Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63:1025-33. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Humphries K, Traci MA, Seekins T. Food on Film: Pilot Test of an Innovative Method for Recording Food Intake of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities Living in the Community. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2007.00392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Monitoring dietary intake patterns among children is important in order to explore and prevent the onset of adult health problems. The aim of the present study was to compare children's dietary intakes with national recommendations and to determine whether sex or ethnic differences were evident. This was done using a methodology that allows assessment of intake from the major components of the Food Guide Pyramid developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA: ). The sample studied included 110 African-American and Caucasian males and females (mean age 9·9 years, BMI 20·1 kg/m2) from Birmingham, AL, USA, who were participating in a study investigating the development of obesity. Dietary data were based on three 24 h recalls and food group intake was determined using the USDA Pyramid Servicing Database. The results indicated that a high percentage of subjects failed to meet the recommended number of servings from each of the food groups. For example, only 5 % and 9 % met fruit and dietary group recommendations respectively. Consumption of foods from the Pyramid ‘tip’ (including discretionary fat and added sugar) contributed almost 50 % of the diet. African-Americans were more likely to meet requirements for the meat group, with a higher proportion of Caucasians meeting dietary recommendations. Males were more likely to meet the vegetable group guidelines although females consumed more energy per day from discretionary fat. In conclusion, these results suggest that implementation of nutrition education programmes may be important for promoting healthy nutrition among American children.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Higgins PB, Fernández JR, Goran MI, Gower BA. Early ethnic difference in insulin-like growth factor-1 is associated with African genetic admixture. Pediatr Res 2005; 58:850-4. [PMID: 16183814 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000182583.92130.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IGF-1 is a growth-promoting hormone. Numerous studies have reported higher systemic concentrations of IGF-1 among African Americans (AA) compared with European Americans (EA) before puberty. We conducted this cross-sectional analysis to determine whether African ancestral genetic background, dietary factors, energy expenditure, adiposity, and socioeconomic status contribute to this difference. Children were prepubertal, AA and EA males and females. Genetic admixture was assessed from approximately 20 ancestry informative genetic markers. Body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat by 24-h dietary recall; activity-related energy expenditure by doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry; and socioeconomic status (SES) according to the Hollingshead scale. IGF-1 and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were measured using immunoradiometric assays. AA children had significantly greater IGF-1 compared with EA children (p < 0.01). In addition, AA children had lower SES and greater protein intake relative to EAs (p < 0.05 for both). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the only significant independent predictors of IGF-1 were IGFBP-3 and African admixture (p < 0.01 for both). Thus, our data suggest that the greater IGF-1 of AA relative to EA children could have a genetic basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Higgins
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and the Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Scagliusi FB, Lancha Júnior AH. Estudo do gasto energético por meio da água duplamente marcada: fundamentos, utilização e aplicações. REV NUTR 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732005000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A medida do gasto energético total é fundamental em estudos de nutrição e metabolismo. A água duplamente marcada é uma forma de calorimetria indireta que mede precisa e acuradamente o gasto energético total de indivíduos fora de confinamento. Esse método já foi aplicado com diversas finalidades, como medir a demanda energética decorrente de doenças crônicas e da atividade física. Além disso, também foi usada em estudos sobre as conseqüências da desnutrição e a etiologia da obesidade, especialmente demonstrando as diferenças inter-raciais quanto ao gasto energético total. Tal técnica também pode ser utilizada para validar outros métodos de avaliação da prática de atividade física e/ou do gasto energético total. Embora diversos estudos de validação tenham sido conduzidos, nenhum método demonstrou bom desempenho nas estimativas individuais. Finalmente, a água duplamente marcada tem sido amplamente empregada em países desenvolvidos como marcador do consumo energético, validando as estimativas obtidas pelos métodos de avaliação do consumo alimentar. Esse uso também deve ser encorajado em países em desenvolvimento, para que se possa considerar o erro das estimativas de ingestão energética dos métodos de avaliação do consumo alimentar, utilizados nas pesquisas de nutrição humana dessas nações.
Collapse
|
17
|
Baxter SD, Smith AF, Litaker MS, Baglio ML, Guinn CH, Shaffer NM. Children's Social Desirability and Dietary Reports. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2004; 36:84-89. [PMID: 15068757 PMCID: PMC1464376 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-4046(06)60138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigated telephone administration of the Children's Social Desirability (CSD) scale and our adaptation for children of the Social Desirability for Food scale (C-SDF). Each of 100 4th-graders completed 2 telephone interviews 28 days apart. CSD scores had adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and a 14-item subset was identified that sufficiently measures the same construct. Our C-SDF scale performed less well in terms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability; factor analysis revealed 2 factors, 1 of which was moderately related to the CSD. The 14-item subset of the CSD scale may help researchers understand error in children's dietary reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Domel Baxter
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29204, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bowman SA, Gortmaker SL, Ebbeling CB, Pereira MA, Ludwig DS. Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a national household survey. Pediatrics 2004; 113:112-8. [PMID: 14702458 DOI: 10.1542/peds.113.1.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fast food has become a prominent feature of the diet of children in the United States and, increasingly, throughout the world. However, few studies have examined the effects of fast-food consumption on any nutrition or health-related outcome. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that fast-food consumption adversely affects dietary factors linked to obesity risk. METHODS This study included 6212 children and adolescents 4 to 19 years old in the United States participating in the nationally representative Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals conducted from 1994 to 1996 and the Supplemental Children's Survey conducted in 1998. We examined the associations between fast-food consumption and measures of dietary quality using between-subject comparisons involving the whole cohort and within-subject comparisons involving 2080 individuals who ate fast food on one but not both survey days. RESULTS On a typical day, 30.3% of the total sample reported consuming fast food. Fast-food consumption was highly prevalent in both genders, all racial/ethnic groups, and all regions of the country. Controlling for socioeconomic and demographic variables, increased fast-food consumption was independently associated with male gender, older age, higher household incomes, non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, and residing in the South. Children who ate fast food, compared with those who did not, consumed more total energy (187 kcal; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 109-265), more energy per gram of food (0.29 kcal/g; 95% CI: 0.25-0.33), more total fat (9 g; 95% CI: 5.0-13.0), more total carbohydrate (24 g; 95% CI: 12.6-35.4), more added sugars (26 g; 95% CI: 18.2-34.6), more sugar-sweetened beverages (228 g; 95% CI: 184-272), less fiber (-1.1 g; 95% CI: -1.8 to -0.4), less milk (-65 g; 95% CI: -95 to -30), and fewer fruits and nonstarchy vegetables (-45 g; 95% CI: -58.6 to -31.4). Very similar results were observed by using within-subject analyses in which subjects served as their own controls: that is, children ate more total energy and had poorer diet quality on days with, compared with without, fast food. CONCLUSION Consumption of fast food among children in the United States seems to have an adverse effect on dietary quality in ways that plausibly could increase risk for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanthy A Bowman
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grace C, Beales P, Summerbell C, Jebb SA, Wright A, Parker D, Kopelman P. Energy metabolism in Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2003; 27:1319-24. [PMID: 14574341 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a consistent presenting feature of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a hereditary disorder caused by a single gene defect. This contrasts sharply with general obesity which, despite a strong hereditary component, has a multifactorial aetiology. For BBS, the phenotypic characterisation of the components of energy balance and the implications for their management remains relatively uninvestigated. OBJECTIVE A case-control study to determine whether energy metabolism in subjects with BBS differs from matched obese controls and to inform the clinical management of these patients. METHODS A total of 20 overweight and obese subjects with BBS (11 females, 9 males) matched for age, gender and BMI to 20 subjects without BBS. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry, physical activity by CSA accelerometry, body composition by the deuterium dilution technique and dietary intake by 7-day food records. RESULTS There was no significant difference between BBS and control subjects in body fat (male: % fat=38, s.d. 2.8 vs 34, s.d. 9.1, female: % fat=45, s.d. 5.9 vs 44, s.d. 8.1; P=0.46] or absolute RMR (male: 6.95, s.d. 1.55 MJ/day vs 7.19, s.d. 1.28 MJ/day; P=0.6). After adjustment for gender, age, fat-free mass and fat mass, there was no significant difference in RMR between BBS and control subjects (F(1, 30)=0.91; P=0.35). A lower level of physical activity was observed in BBS subjects (median cnts/min 259, IQR=153) compared to controls (median cnts/min=306, IQR=119, P=0.02). Reported energy intake, macronutrient composition and magnitude of under-reporting were comparable in both groups. CONCLUSION This study reveals no evidence for systematic differences in energy metabolism in subjects with BBS relative to other obese individuals, suggesting that the genetic basis of BBS is not associated with specific abnormalities in energy metabolism. This is an important finding for clinical management and supports the use of energy prescriptions based on RMR for the general obese population plus an appropriate allowance for energy expended via physical activity. Further research is needed on physical activity in BBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Grace
- Obesity Research Department, Royal London Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
O'Connor J, Ball EJ, Steinbeck KS, Davies PS, Wishart C, Gaskin KJ, Baur LA. Comparison of total energy expenditure and energy intake in children aged 6-9 y. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74:643-9. [PMID: 11684533 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/74.5.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate measurement of food intake in children is important for assessing nutritional status. OBJECTIVE We sought to both compare measurements of energy intake (EI) from diet records and of total energy expenditure (TEE) by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and to investigate misreporting of EI. DESIGN Forty-seven children (22 boys and 25 girls) aged 7.4 +/- 0.8 y ( +/- SD) were recruited from 25 schools in western Sydney. TEE was measured by DLW over 10 d and EI by use of 3-d food records. Misreporting was defined as [(EI - TEE)/TEE] x 100%. RESULTS Girls had a higher (P = 0.02) percentage of body fat (28.2 +/- 7.0%) than did boys (22.9 +/- 8.0%); otherwise there were no differences among sex. Although mean (+/-SD) values for EI (7514 +/- 1260 kJ/d) and TEE (7396 +/- 1281 kJ/d) were not significantly different, there was no significant correlation between EI and TEE. EI and TEE were 9% and 11% lower, respectively, than current World Health Organization recommendations for EI. The relative bias (mean difference, EI - TEE) was low at 118 kJ/d, but the limits of agreement (bias +/- 2 SD of the difference) were wide at 118 +/- 3345 kJ/d. Although the mean percentage of misreporting was low (4 +/- 23%), the high SD indicates large intraindividual differences between EI and TEE. The most significant predictor of misreporting was dietary fat intake (r(2) = 0.45, P < 0.0001). Misreporting was not associated with sex or body composition. CONCLUSIONS In this age group, reported EI is not representative of TEE at the individual level. However, at the population level, 3-d food records may be used for surveys of EI by 6-9-y-old children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O'Connor
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Williams BL, Florez Y, Pettygrove S. Inter- and intra-ethnic variation in water intake, contact, and source estimates among Tucson residents: Implications for exposure analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2001; 11:510-21. [PMID: 11791167 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2001] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Water-related exposures among Hispanics, particularly among Mexican Americans, are relatively unknown. Exposure and risk assessment is further complicated by the absence of good time-activity data (e.g., water intake) among this population. This study attempts to provide some insight concerning water-related exposure parameters among Hispanics. Determining the extent to which non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics living in the Tucson metropolitan area differ with respect to direct water intake and source patterns is the primary purpose of this investigation. Using random digit dialing, researchers conducted a cross-sectional telephone population survey of 1183 Tucson residents. Significant ethnic variation was observed in water intake patterns among this sample, particularly in terms of source. Hispanics reported much higher rates of bottled water consumption than did non-Hispanic whites. Ethnic variation in exposure parameters such as that observed in this study increases the potential for measurement error in exposure analysis. Erroneous assumptions that exposure estimates (i.e., water intake source) are generalizable across various ethnic groups may lead to both overestimation and underestimation of contaminant exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tuczon 85724, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lindquist CH, Gower BA, Goran MI. Role of dietary factors in ethnic differences in early risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:725-32. [PMID: 10702165 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.3.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disparity in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes between African Americans and whites has been well established, and ethnic differences in several risk factors for these diseases are evident in childhood. OBJECTIVE The current study explored whether dietary factors explain ethnic differences in serum lipids and insulin profiles in children, independent of body composition and social class background. DESIGN The sample included 95 African American and white children (mean age: 10.0 y). Macronutrient and food group intakes were derived from three 24-h recalls. Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk were determined on the basis of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, insulin sensitivity (S(i)), and acute insulin response (AIR). Data were analyzed by using t tests, analysis of covariance, and multiple regression. RESULTS African American children had lower triacylglycerol (P < 0.01), lower S(i) (P < 0.001), and higher AIR (P < 0.001) than whites. Intake of fruit and vegetables was significantly higher, and dairy intake lower, in African American than in white children after adjustment for social class and total energy intake. Several direct relations were observed between diet and insulin action: carbohydrate and fruit intakes were positively associated with S(i) (P = 0.02), and vegetable intake was negatively associated with AIR (P = 0.01). However, neither macronutrient nor food group intake accounted for the ethnic differences in triacylglycerol and AIR. CONCLUSIONS The African American children in our sample showed a greater disease risk than did the white children, even after body composition, social class background, and dietary patterns were adjusted for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Lindquist
- Division of Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Related Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|