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Mansour S, Alkhaaldi SMI, Sammanasunathan AF, Ibrahim S, Farhat J, Al-Omari B. Precision Nutrition Unveiled: Gene-Nutrient Interactions, Microbiota Dynamics, and Lifestyle Factors in Obesity Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:581. [PMID: 38474710 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is associated with several diseases. Recently, precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as a tailored approach to provide individualised dietary recommendations. AIM This review discusses the major intrinsic and extrinsic components considered when applying PN during the management of obesity and common associated chronic conditions. RESULTS The review identified three main PN components: gene-nutrient interactions, intestinal microbiota, and lifestyle factors. Genetic makeup significantly contributes to inter-individual variations in dietary behaviours, with advanced genome sequencing and population genetics aiding in detecting gene variants associated with obesity. Additionally, PN-based host-microbiota evaluation emerges as an advanced therapeutic tool, impacting disease control and prevention. The gut microbiome's composition regulates diverse responses to nutritional recommendations. Several studies highlight PN's effectiveness in improving diet quality and enhancing adherence to physical activity among obese patients. PN is a key strategy for addressing obesity-related risk factors, encompassing dietary patterns, body weight, fat, blood lipids, glucose levels, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION PN stands out as a feasible tool for effectively managing obesity, considering its ability to integrate genetic and lifestyle factors. The application of PN-based approaches not only improves current obesity conditions but also holds promise for preventing obesity and its associated complications in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Mansour
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif M I Alkhaaldi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwin F Sammanasunathan
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joviana Farhat
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basem Al-Omari
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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Brown JE, Pham T, Burden H, Braakhuis AJ. Specific Genotypes Associated with Differences in Fasting Insulin Levels and Body Mass Index in Healthy Young Males: Implications for Gene-Nutrient Interactions-an Exploratory Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:102018. [PMID: 38026570 PMCID: PMC10663744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variation may significantly impact an individual's susceptibility to diseases, particularly when combined with specific nutrients. Additionally, genetic variations can lead to interindividual differences in metabolic responses. Objective The present study explores the association between gene variants and observed interindividual differences in metabolic responses. Methods The study included 30 healthy males (aged 20-34) who underwent a fasting period and subsequently consumed a standardized meal. Blood samples were collected both before and after the meal to assess metabolic changes. BMI served as an indirect measure for assessing physiological responses associated with body composition. Appetite changes were assessed using an online Visual Analog 100-point Scale. Buccal swabs were collected to analyze genetic variants in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results The data underwent multiple regression analysis, revealing significant associations with 3 SNPs and their metabolic status: the insulin-receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene variant rs2943641, genotypes CT and CC, with elevated fasting insulin levels (R2 = 0.639, P = < 0.0001); the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene variant rs1800592, genotypes GG and GA, with increased BMI (R2 = 0.261, P = 0.007); and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) gene variant rs1801282, genotypes GG and GC, with increased BMI (R2 = 0.200, P = 0.024). Conclusions Therefore, our study established significant associations between these 3 SNPs and differences in fasting insulin levels and BMI within our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Brown
- The Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Toan Pham
- The Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hannah Burden
- The Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea J. Braakhuis
- The Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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High dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores increase odds of overweight in adults with rs9939609 polymorphism of FTO gene. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 42:221-226. [PMID: 33745583 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity/overweight is a public health problem globally. Dietary induced inflammation is among the most critical risk factors modulating overweight/obesity. Some people genetically are at higher risk for obesity/overweight. The first gene contributing to conventional forms of human obesity is the FTO gene. The associations between genes like the FTO, inflammation, and obesity/overweight have been investigated in limited studies. We aimed to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and odds of obesity/overweight in adults with rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene. METHODS A valid 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. To investigate the role of diet in the development of inflammation, we used the DII, which is predictive of serum inflammatory markers' levels. The Inclusion criteria were defined as body mass index (BMI) from 24.9 to 29.9 kg/m2, age from 20 to 45 years, not participating in a weight management program during two past months, and no weight loss greater than 5%. We determined the genotypes of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism via amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in a retrospective chart review. RESULTS Results obtained from modeling the DII as a continuous variable and odds of obesity/overweight showed a significant association after multivariate adjustment for sex, height, fat mass, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and total energy intake (OR = 2.83 CI = 1.16-6.91). In addition, logistic regression models with the DII as a dichotomous variable adjusting for sex, height, fat mass, SBP, and total energy intake showed subjects with the DII score<0.49 were at 2.5 times higher odds of having overweight compared to subjects with the DII ≥0.49 (ORDII<0.49/≥0.49 = 2.44 CI = 1.12-5.32). CONCLUSION Dietary induced inflammation significantly is related to odds of overweight in adults with rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene. Suggesting an anti-inflammatory diet containing vitamins and minerals such as vitamin A, thiamine, niacin, and zinc, manganese, and selenium and recommending a reduction in the most inflammatory factors of diet, including saturated and trans fatty acids, could be a new strategy in the treatment and or controlling of obesity/overweight as a public health problem.
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Jenzer H, Sadeghi-Reeves L. Nutrigenomics-Associated Impacts of Nutrients on Genes and Enzymes With Special Consideration of Aromatase. Front Nutr 2020; 7:37. [PMID: 32328497 PMCID: PMC7161344 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions are occurring in the course of liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of active ingredients, or at the target receptors. They are causing therapy failures and undesirable events. Forty-seven of fifty-seven human hepatic isoenzymes are specific and relevant in hormone and vitamin metabolism and biosynthesis. Aromatase (syn. CYP19A1) is one of the specific CYP450 isoenzymes so far not elucidated in detail. As aromatase-inhibiting phytochemicals are currently recommended for breast cancer prevention and as add-on accompanying aromatase-inhibitor pharmacotherapy, it was the aim of this literature review to assess whether a common interpretation on genetic and -omics basis could be found. Articles retrieved showed that traditional antioxidation diet is one of the most approved explanations of inhibition of aromatase by phytonutrients of flavonoid derivatives. Flavonoids compete for the oxygen provided by the heme moiety of aromatase in the course of aromatase-catalyzed conversion of steroid precursors to estrogens. Flavonoids are therefore promoted for breast cancer prevention. A further explanation of flavonoids' mechanism of action proposed was related to enzymatic histone deacetylation. By keeping DNA-structure wide through a high acetylation degree, acetylated histones favor transcription and replication. This mechanism corresponds to a procedure of switching genes on. Inhibiting acetylation and therefore switching genes off might be an important regulation of repressing cancer genes. Aromatase expression depends on the genotype and phenotype of a person. Aromatase itself depends on the expression of the heme moiety encoded in the genotype. Biosynthesis of porphyrins in turn depends on the substrates succinate and glycine, as well as on a series of further enzymes, with ALA synthetase as the rate-limiting step. The effect of the heme moiety as prosthetic group of aromatase further depends on the absorption of iron as a function of pH and redox state. To assess the function of aromatase precisely, multiple underlying biochemical pathways need to be evaluated. As a conclusion, the genetic regulation of metabolism is a complex procedure affecting multiple pathways. To understand a metabolic step, multiple underlying individually performing reactions need to be considered if personalized (nutritional) medicine should bring an advantage for a patient. Nutrition sciences need to consider the genome of an individual to truly find answers to nutrition-derived non-communicable diseases. With current GWAS (genome-wide association study) approaches, inherited errors of metabolism are identified and ideally treated effectively. It is much more difficult to get a precise genetic profile for non-communicable diseases stemming from multifactorial causes. Polygenic risks evaluation is feasible but diagnostic tools are not yet available in a desired extent. Neither flavonoid researchers nor providers of genetic testing kits are going into the details needed for a truly personalized nutritional medicine. The next step with profiling the exome and then the whole genome is on the threshold of becoming routine diagnosis and of bringing the desired details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Jenzer
- Department of Health Professions, aR&D in Nutrition and Dietetics, Bern University of Applied Sciences BFH, Bern, Switzerland
- Internistic Service, Hospital Pharmacy, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leila Sadeghi-Reeves
- Department of Health Professions, aR&D in Nutrition and Dietetics, Bern University of Applied Sciences BFH, Bern, Switzerland
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Gómez-García EF, Cortés-Sanabria L, Cueto-Manzano AM, Medina-Zavala RS, Hernández-Ramos LE, Martínez-Ramírez HR, Vásquez-Jiménez JC, Mendoza-Carrera F. Interactions Between Diet Quality and Interleukin-6 Genotypes Are Associated With Metabolic and Renal Function Parameters in Mexican Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Ren Nutr 2019; 30:223-231. [PMID: 31607549 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between diet quality and interleukin (IL)-6 genotypes and its association with metabolic and renal function parameters in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN AND METHODS Using an analytical cross-sectional design, 219 patients with T2DM (92 men; age 62 ± 10 years) were evaluated for selected metabolic and renal function parameters. Diet quality according to the Healthy Eating Index was evaluated and classified as good diet or poor diet in all patients. IL-6 serum concentrations and genotypes and haplotypes for IL6-597G > A (rs180097), -572G > C (rs180096), and -174G > C (rs180095) polymorphisms were determined. RESULTS Eighty-two percent of patients reported having a poor diet. Carriers of alleles -572C and -174C showed higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (44 ± 12 vs. 40 ± 9 mg/dL; P = .01) and lower total cholesterol levels (184 ± 33 vs. 197 ± 42 mg/dL; P = .03) than did those homozygous for G/G. Neither IL6 genotypes nor haplotypes were significantly associated with serum concentrations of IL-6. Some significant interactions between IL6 genotypes/haplotypes and diet quality were associated with body mass index, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS Interactions between diet quality and IL6 genotypes/haplotypes were associated with the main metabolic and renal function parameters in Mexican patients with T2DM. It will be important to consider genetic profiles in designing dietary portfolios and nutritional interventions for the management of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika F Gómez-García
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Jalisco Delegation, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico; Medical Research Unit for Renal Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Laura Cortés-Sanabria
- Medical Research Unit for Renal Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alfonso M Cueto-Manzano
- Medical Research Unit for Renal Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R Susana Medina-Zavala
- Medical Research Unit for Renal Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis Eduardo Hernández-Ramos
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Jalisco Delegation, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Héctor Ramón Martínez-Ramírez
- Medical Research Unit for Renal Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Mendoza-Carrera
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Jalisco Delegation, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico.
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Szymanek E, Andraszek K, Banaszewska D, Drabik K, Batkowska J. Content of selected inorganic compounds in the eggs of hens kept in two different systems: organic and battery cage. Arch Anim Breed 2019; 62:431-436. [PMID: 31807654 PMCID: PMC6853034 DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-431-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen increased interest in the influence of bioactive dietary components on human genes and gene expression. A good source of many bioactive substances is the chicken egg. The egg is considered to be an excellent food provided by nature. It is a good source of nutrients such as vitamins A, B2, B6, B12, D, E and K, as well as elements including phosphorus, selenium, iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium. The research material use in this study consisted of eggs from hens kept in two different systems: organic and battery cages. The content of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the egg contents - in the yolk and white respectively. The content of elements was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) using an AA280 FS spectrometer with the automatic dilution of standards and samples. The eggs from the organically raised hens had a higher calcium, magnesium and zinc content. The greater variation in the Ca, Mg and Zn content in the organic eggs is due to the more individualized feeding system. The rearing system of the hens significantly affects the concentration of elements in the egg. The results of this research indicate that eggs from organic farming systems have a richer chemical composition in terms of the content of nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and zinc compared with eggs obtained from caged hens. Therefore, consumers purchasing eggs should consider the system in which the hens were reared, as eggs can be a valuable source of these elements in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Szymanek
- Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, 08-110, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Andraszek
- Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, 08-110, Poland
| | - Dorota Banaszewska
- Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural
Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, 08-110, Poland
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Live
Science in Lublin, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
| | - Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Live
Science in Lublin, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
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Picó C, Serra F, Rodríguez AM, Keijer J, Palou A. Biomarkers of Nutrition and Health: New Tools for New Approaches. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1092. [PMID: 31100942 PMCID: PMC6567133 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A main challenge in nutritional studies is the valid and reliable assessment of food intake, as well as its effects on the body. Generally, food intake measurement is based on self-reported dietary intake questionnaires, which have inherent limitations. They can be overcome by the use of biomarkers, capable of objectively assessing food consumption without the bias of self-reported dietary assessment. Another major goal is to determine the biological effects of foods and their impact on health. Systems analysis of dynamic responses may help to identify biomarkers indicative of intake and effects on the body at the same time, possibly in relation to individuals' health/disease states. Such biomarkers could be used to quantify intake and validate intake questionnaires, analyse physiological or pathological responses to certain food components or diets, identify persons with specific dietary deficiency, provide information on inter-individual variations or help to formulate personalized dietary recommendations to achieve optimal health for particular phenotypes, currently referred as "precision nutrition." In this regard, holistic approaches using global analysis methods (omics approaches), capable of gathering high amounts of data, appear to be very useful to identify new biomarkers and to enhance our understanding of the role of food in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Alinaghian N, Abdollahi E, Torab M, Khodaparast M, Zamani F, Rahimi-Moghaddam P. Gender-related relation between metabolic syndrome and S447X and HindIII polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase gene in northern Iran. Gene 2019; 706:13-18. [PMID: 31034941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Among genetic factors that contributed to incidence of metabolic syndrome, Polymorphisms of Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are major candidates especially because of their effect on obesity and dyslipidemia. S447X (rs328) and Hind III (rs320) Polymorphisms of LPL gene have been reported to change LPL activity, resulting in altered triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. This study investigates the effects of these gene polymorphisms on factors affecting metabolic syndrome in northern population of Iran. METHODS Studied population included 223 adults consisting 90 women and 133 men with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 as obese subjects, and 156 healthy participants as a control group with BMI <25 that included 68 women and 88 men. All factors causing metabolic syndrome were evaluated. Also DNA was extracted from blood samples and HindIII and S447X LPL gene polymorphisms were screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). CONCLUSIONS The present study proves that some genotypes of S447X were associated with a reduced risk of developing low HDL-C only in men, while the protective effects of HindIII on hypertriglyceridemia were only seen in women [corrected]. The point is that this relation is affected by the weight profile of the participants. It can be concluded that there is a gender-related relation between the polymorphisms of LPL gene and the risk factors for incidence of metabolic syndrome in the northern population of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Alinaghian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Abdollahi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Torab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Khodaparast
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Aw WC, Towarnicki SG, Melvin RG, Youngson NA, Garvin MR, Hu Y, Nielsen S, Thomas T, Pickford R, Bustamante S, Vila-Sanjurjo A, Smyth GK, Ballard JWO. Genotype to phenotype: Diet-by-mitochondrial DNA haplotype interactions drive metabolic flexibility and organismal fitness. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007735. [PMID: 30399141 PMCID: PMC6219761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet may be modified seasonally or by biogeographic, demographic or cultural shifts. It can differentially influence mitochondrial bioenergetics, retrograde signalling to the nuclear genome, and anterograde signalling to mitochondria. All these interactions have the potential to alter the frequencies of mtDNA haplotypes (mitotypes) in nature and may impact human health. In a model laboratory system, we fed four diets varying in Protein: Carbohydrate (P:C) ratio (1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16 P:C) to four homoplasmic Drosophila melanogaster mitotypes (nuclear genome standardised) and assayed their frequency in population cages. When fed a high protein 1:2 P:C diet, the frequency of flies harbouring Alstonville mtDNA increased. In contrast, when fed the high carbohydrate 1:16 P:C food the incidence of flies harbouring Dahomey mtDNA increased. This result, driven by differences in larval development, was generalisable to the replacement of the laboratory diet with fruits having high and low P:C ratios, perturbation of the nuclear genome and changes to the microbiome. Structural modelling and cellular assays suggested a V161L mutation in the ND4 subunit of complex I of Dahomey mtDNA was mildly deleterious, reduced mitochondrial functions, increased oxidative stress and resulted in an increase in larval development time on the 1:2 P:C diet. The 1:16 P:C diet triggered a cascade of changes in both mitotypes. In Dahomey larvae, increased feeding fuelled increased β-oxidation and the partial bypass of the complex I mutation. Conversely, Alstonville larvae upregulated genes involved with oxidative phosphorylation, increased glycogen metabolism and they were more physically active. We hypothesise that the increased physical activity diverted energy from growth and cell division and thereby slowed development. These data further question the use of mtDNA as an assumed neutral marker in evolutionary and population genetic studies. Moreover, if humans respond similarly, we posit that individuals with specific mtDNA variations may differentially metabolise carbohydrates, which has implications for a variety of diseases including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and perhaps Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen C. Aw
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel G. Towarnicki
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard G. Melvin
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil A. Youngson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael R. Garvin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yifang Hu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antón Vila-Sanjurjo
- Grupo GIBE, Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Campus Zapateira s/n, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. William O. Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Rapkin J, Jensen K, House CM, Wilson AJ, Hunt J. Genotype-by-sex-by-diet interactions for nutritional preference, dietary consumption, and lipid deposition in a field cricket. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 121:361-373. [PMID: 30089778 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in feeding behaviour, especially the overconsumption of calories, has led to a rise in the rates of obesity, diabetes, and other associated disorders in humans and a range of animals inhabiting human-influenced environments. However, understanding the relative contribution of genes, the nutritional environment, and their interaction to dietary intake and lipid deposition in the sexes still remains a major challenge. By combining nutritional geometry with quantitative genetics, we determined the effect of genes, the nutritional environment, and their interaction on the total nutritional preference (TP), total diet eaten (TE), and lipid mass (LM) of male and female black field crickets (Teleogryllus commodus) fed one of four diet pairs (DPs) differing in the ratio of protein to carbohydrate and total nutritional content. We found abundant additive genetic variance for TP, TE, and LM in both sexes and across all four DPs, with significant genetic correlations between TE and TP and between TP and LM in males. We also found significant genotype-by-DP and genotype-by-sex-by-DP interactions for each trait and significant genotype-by-sex interactions for TE and LM. Complex interactions between genes, sex, and the nutritional environment, therefore, play an important role in nutrient regulation and lipid deposition in T. commodus. This finding may also help explain the increasing rate of obesity and the maintenance of sex differences in obesity observed across many animal species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rapkin
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Kim Jensen
- Department of Bioscience, Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Clarissa M House
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.,School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bay 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Alastair J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK. .,School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bay 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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11
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Castillo JJ, Jelinek D, Wei H, Gannon NP, Vaughan RA, Horwood LJ, Meaney FJ, Garcia-Smith R, Trujillo KA, Heidenreich RA, Meyre D, Orlando RA, LeBoeuf RC, Garver WS. The Niemann-Pick C1 gene interacts with a high-fat diet to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E183-E194. [PMID: 28487438 PMCID: PMC5582887 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00369.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported that common variation in the human Niemann-Pick C1 gene (NPC1) is associated with morbid adult obesity. This study was confirmed using our BALB/cJ Npc1 mouse model, whereby heterozygous mice (Npc1+/- ) with decreased gene dosage were susceptible to weight gain when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared with homozygous normal mice (Npc1+/+ ) fed the same diet. The objective for our current study was to validate this Npc1 gene-diet interaction using statistical modeling with fitted growth trajectories, conduct body weight analyses for different measures, and define the physiological basis responsible for weight gain. Metabolic phenotype analysis indicated no significant difference between Npc1+/+ and Npc1+/- mice fed a HFD for food and water intake, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, locomotor activity, adaptive thermogenesis, and intestinal lipid absorption. However, the livers from Npc1+/- mice had significantly increased amounts of mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and increased expression of SREBP-1 target genes that regulate glycolysis and lipogenesis with an accumulation of triacylglycerol and cholesterol. Moreover, white adipose tissue from Npc1+/- mice had significantly decreased amounts of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase with decreased triacylglycerol lipolysis. Consistent with these results, cellular energy metabolism studies indicated that Npc1+/- fibroblasts had significantly increased glycolysis and lipogenesis, in addition to significantly decreased substrate (glucose and endogenous fatty acid) oxidative metabolism with an accumulation of triacylglycerol and cholesterol. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that the Npc1 gene interacts with a HFD to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - David Jelinek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Hao Wei
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Health Sciences Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas P Gannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - L John Horwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - F John Meaney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Randi Garcia-Smith
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kristina A Trujillo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Randall A Heidenreich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Robert A Orlando
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Renee C LeBoeuf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Health Sciences Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - William S Garver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico;
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12
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Oliveira JD, Tureck LV, Santos WD, Saliba LF, Schenknecht CS, Scaraboto D, Souza RLR, Furtado-Alle L. Effect of BCHE single nucleotide polymorphisms on lipid metabolism markers in women. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:408-414. [PMID: 28497838 PMCID: PMC5488457 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and polymorphisms in its encoding gene had
previously been associated with metabolic traits of obesity. This study investigated
the association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the
BCHE gene: -116G > A (rs1126680), 1615GA (rs1803274), 1914A
< G (rs3495), with obesity and lipid metabolism markers, body mass index (BMI),
total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) levels, and BChE enzymatic
activity in obese (BMI≥30/n = 226) and non-obese women (BMI < 25/n = 81).
BCHE SNPs genotyping was obtained by TaqMan allelic
discrimination assay and by RFLP-PCR. Plasmatic BChE activity was measured using
propionylthiocholine as substrate. Similar allele frequencies were found in obese and
non-obese women for the three studied SNPs (p > 0.05). The dominant and recessive
models were tested, and different effects were found. The -116A allele showed a
dominant effect in BChE activity reduction in both non-obese and obese women (p =
0.045 and p < 0.001, respectively). The 1914A > G and 1615GA SNPs influenced
the TG levels only in obese women. The 1914G and the 1615A alleles were associated
with decreased plasma levels of TG. Thus, our results suggest that the obesity
condition, characterized by loss of energy homeostasis, is modulated by BCHE
polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane Viater Tureck
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Departamento Acadêmico de Ensino, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Willian Dos Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Louise Farah Saliba
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Departamento de Nutrição, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Scaraboto
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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13
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Zientek F, Winter K, Müller A, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Becker GA, Bresch A, Patt M, Sabri O, Hilbert A, Hesse S. Effortful control as a dimension of temperament is negatively associated with prefrontal serotonin transporter availability in obese and non-obese individuals. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2460-2466. [PMID: 27519298 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that temperamental factors are associated with obesity; however, the biological mechanism of such association remains elusive. We aimed to investigate a possible association between serotonin transmission and regulative temperament in obese and non-obese individuals by using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of serotonin transporters (SERT) and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire. Twenty-nine obese individuals with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 and 13 non-obese controls (BMI < 30 kg/m2 ) underwent PET with [11 C]-labeled DASB (highly selective for SERT) and self-completed the Effortful Control (EC) scale of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire-Short Form (ATQ). With the help of this questionnaire, we aimed to assess the capacity of self-regulation. Overall, for obese and non-obese individuals together, VOI-based (volume of interest) analysis showed significant negative correlations between SERT BPND and ATQ-EC AC (Activation Control) subscale in several brain regions (all r ≤ -0.47). Obese and non-obese individuals separated showed equally strong positive, but non-significant correlations. The analysis did not reveal any significant correlations of SERT availability and ATQ-EC IC (Inhibitory Control) or ATQ-EC AtC (Attentional Control) subscale within and between the two groups. The results indicate that regulative temperament - particularly the capacity to mitigate negatively toned impulses and to resist inappropriate avoidance behavior - might be associated with the prefrontal serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Zientek
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karsten Winter
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg-Alexander Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Martínez-Micaelo N, González-Abuín N, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Petretto E, Behmoaras J, Blay M. Identification of a nutrient-sensing transcriptional network in monocytes by using inbred rat models on a cafeteria diet. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1231-1239. [PMID: 27483348 PMCID: PMC5087837 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic levels worldwide. The current models of diet-induced obesity in rodents use predominantly high-fat based diets that do not take into account the consumption of variety of highly palatable, energy-dense foods that are prevalent in Western society. We and others have shown that the cafeteria (CAF) diet is a robust and reproducible model of human metabolic syndrome with tissue inflammation in the rat. We have previously shown that inbred rat strains such as Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Lewis (LEW) show different susceptibilities to CAF diets with distinct metabolic and morphometric profiles. Here, we show a difference in plasma MCP-1 levels and investigate the effect of the CAF diet on peripheral blood monocyte transcriptome, as powerful stress-sensing immune cells, in WKY and LEW rats. We found that 75.5% of the differentially expressed transcripts under the CAF diet were upregulated in WKY rats and were functionally related to the activation of the immune response. Using a gene co-expression network constructed from the genes differentially expressed between CAF diet-fed LEW and WKY rats, we identified acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (Acss2) as a hub gene for a nutrient-sensing cluster of transcripts in monocytes. The Acss2 genomic region is significantly enriched for previously established metabolism quantitative trait loci in the rat. Notably, monocyte expression levels of Acss2 significantly correlated with plasma glucose, triglyceride, leptin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels as well as morphometric measurements such as body weight and the total fat following feeding with the CAF diet in the rat. These results show the importance of the genetic background in nutritional genomics and identify inbred rat strains as potential models for CAF-diet-induced obesity. Summary: Feeding with a cafeteria diet (CAF) is a reproducible model of human metabolic syndrome in the rat. By using inbred rat models of nutrigenomics, we have studied the effect of CAF on monocyte transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Noemi González-Abuín
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana Ardévol
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Enrico Petretto
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre of Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mayte Blay
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
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15
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Rea JNM, Carvalho A, McNerlan SE, Alexander HD, Rea IM. Genes and life-style factors in BELFAST nonagenarians: Nature, Nurture and Narrative. Biogerontology 2015; 16:587-97. [PMID: 25773008 PMCID: PMC4552771 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how to 'Age Longer and Age Well' is a priority for people personally, for populations globally and for government policy. Nonagenarians are the oldest members of our societies and survivors of their generation. Approximately 10 % of nonagenarians reach 90 years and beyond in good condition and seem to have a combination of both age-span and health-span. But what are the factors which help people reach their ninetieth birthday and beyond in good condition? Are they genetics, as in 'nature', or do they depend on 'nurture' and are related to environment, or are both factors inextricably intertwined within the concept of behavioural genetics? Nonagenarians have rich life experiences that can teach us much about ageing well; they are reservoirs of genetic, life-style and behavioural information which can help dissect out how to live not only longer but better. Personal family history and narrative are powerful tools that help to determine familial traits, beliefs and social behaviours and when used in parallel with new biotechnology methods inform and elaborate causality. Here we present themes and insights from personal narrative enquiry from nonagenarian participants from the Belfast Elderly Longitudinal Free-living Ageing STudy (BELFAST) about factors they consider important for good quality ageing and relate these insights to the emerging genetics and life-style evidence associated with healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nicola M. Rea
- Research Department Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley Carvalho
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Susan E. McNerlan
- Regional Cytogenetics Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - H. Denis Alexander
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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16
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Domínguez-Reyes T, Astudillo-López CC, Salgado-Goytia L, Muñoz-Valle JF, Salgado-Bernabé AB, Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Castro-Alarcón N, Moreno-Godínez ME, Parra-Rojas I. Interaction of dietary fat intake with APOA2, APOA5 and LEPR polymorphisms and its relationship with obesity and dyslipidemia in young subjects. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:106. [PMID: 26365669 PMCID: PMC4568066 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is an important environmental factor that interacts with genes to modulate the likelihood of developing disorders in lipid metabolism and the relationship between diet and genes in the presence of other chronic diseases such as obesity. The objective of this study was to analyze the interaction of a high fat diet with the APOA2 (rs3813627 and rs5082), APOA5 (rs662799 and rs3135506) and LEPR (rs8179183 and rs1137101) polymorphisms and its relationship with obesity and dyslipidemia in young subjects. METHODS The study included 200 young subjects aged 18 to 25 years (100 normal-weight and 100 obese subjects). Dietary fat intake was measured using the frequency food consumption questionnaire. Genotyping of polymorphisms was performed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Individuals carrying the APOA5 56 G/G genotype with a high saturated fatty acid consumption (OR = 2.7, p = 0.006) and/or total fat (OR = 2.4, p = 0.018), associated with an increased risk of obesity. We also found that A/G + G/G genotypes of the 668 A/G polymorphism in the LEPR gene with an intake ≥ 12 g/d of saturated fatty acids, have 2.9 times higher risk of obesity (p = 0.002), 3.8 times higher risk of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.002) and 2.4 times higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.02), than those with an intake <12 g/d of saturated fatty acids. Similarly, LEPR 668 A/G + G/G carriers with a high fat total intake had 3.0 times higher risk of obesity (p = 0.002) and 4.1 times higher risk of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that dietary fat intake modifies the effect of APOA5 and LEPR polymorphisms on serum triglycerides, cholesterol levels and obesity in young subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Domínguez-Reyes
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Constanza C Astudillo-López
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Lorenzo Salgado-Goytia
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Aralia B Salgado-Bernabé
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Iris P Guzmán-Guzmán
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Natividad Castro-Alarcón
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Ma E Moreno-Godínez
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
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17
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Hernando Boigues JF, Mach N. The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on obesity through epigenetic modifications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 62:338-49. [PMID: 26003266 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In recent years it has been demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have anti-inflammatory and as regulators of lipid metabolism. However, the epigenomic mechanisms involved in these processes are not known in depth. The aim of this review was to describe the scientific evidence supports that regular consumption of PUFA may reduce obesity and overweight by altering epigenetic marks. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search of recent publications was carried out in human clinical trials, as well as animal model and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Exist a possible therapeutic effect of PUFAs on the prevention and development of obesity due to their ability to reversively modify the methylation of the promoters of genes associated with lipid metabolism and to modulate the activity of certain microRNAs. CONCLUSIONS A better knowledge and understanding of the PUFAs role in epigenetic regulation of obesity is possible with the current published results. The PUFAs may modulate the promotor epigenetic marks in several adipogenic genes and regulate the expression of several miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián F Hernando Boigues
- Àrea de Ciències de la Salut, Institut Internacional de Postgrau, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, España
| | - Núria Mach
- Àrea de Ciències de la Salut, Institut Internacional de Postgrau, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, España; INRA, Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, Jouy-en-Josas, Francia.
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18
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Di Renzo L, Marsella LT, Sarlo F, Soldati L, Gratteri S, Abenavoli L, De Lorenzo A. C677T gene polymorphism of MTHFR and metabolic syndrome: response to dietary intervention. J Transl Med 2014; 12:329. [PMID: 25432492 PMCID: PMC4260200 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms were found associated with body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity and lean mass. The aim of our study was to examine the role of the C677T MTHFR gene polymorphism in the response to diet in the management of metabolic syndrome. We investigated the body composition and metabolic factor changes after an hysocaloric balanced diet (HBD), in Italian obese women affected by metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS Forty four obese women affected by MS were eligible for the study. A HBD for 12 weeks was assigned. Study participation included a complete screening for dietary habits, anthropometry, body composition, blood biochemical markers and C677T MTHFR polymorphism genotyping. The study has been registrated by ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT01890070. RESULTS The highest number of responders to HBD nutritional intervention were T(-) carriers (p ≤ 0.05). In the 81% of the total population a loss of Total Body Lean was observed. A significative loss (p ≤ 0.05) of Total Body Lean was observed in the 47% of T(-) carriers and in the 53% of T(+) carriers. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference were reduced (p ≤ 0.05). The prevalence of MS parameters decreased by 84% for systolic and diastolic blood pressure; 79,5% for HDL cholesterol, 82% for fasting glucose and 77% for triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS MTHFR genetic variations analysis would be an innovative tool for the nutritional assessment. Our data provide the basis for personalized dietary recommendations based on the individual's genetic makeup and nutritional status. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been registrated by ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT01890070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Renzo
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.
| | - Luigi Tonino Marsella
- Division of Legal Medicine and Social Security, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sarlo
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, 80055 (Na), Italy.
| | - Laura Soldati
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Department of Surgery and Medical Science, University "Magna Græcia", Germaneto, (CZ), 88100, Italy.
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia", Germaneto, (CZ), 88100, Italy.
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.
- Clinic "Nuova Annunziatella", Rome, 00147, Italy.
- I.N.Di.M, National Institute for Mediterranean Diet and Nutrigenomic, Amantea, (CS), 87032, Italy.
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19
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Calabuig-Navarro MV, Jackson KG, Walden CM, Minihane AM, Lovegrove JA. Apolipoprotein E genotype has a modest impact on the postprandial plasma response to meals of varying fat composition in healthy men in a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr 2014; 144:1775-80. [PMID: 25332476 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.197244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolioprotein E (APOE) genotype is reported to influence a person's fasting lipid profile and potentially the response to dietary fat manipulation. The impact of APOE genotype on the responsiveness to meals of varying fat composition is unknown. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of meals containing 50 g of fat rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), unsaturated fatty acids (UNSATs), or SFAs with fish oil (SFA-FO) on postprandial lipemia. METHOD A randomized, controlled, test meal study was performed in men recruited according to the APOE genotype (n = 10 APOE3/3, n = 11 APOE3/E4). RESULTS For the serum apoE response (meal × genotype interaction P = 0.038), concentrations were on average 8% lower after the UNSAT than the SFA-FO meal in APOE4 carriers (P = 0.015) only. In the genotype groups combined, there was a delay in the time to reach maximum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration (mean ± SEM: 313 ± 25 vs. 266 ± 27 min) and higher maximum nonesterified fatty acid (0.73 ± 0.05 vs. 0.60 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and glucose (7.92 ± 0.22 vs. 7.25 ± 0.22 mmol/L) concentrations after the SFA than the UNSAT meal, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). In the Svedberg flotation rate 60-400 TG-rich lipoprotein fraction, meal × genotype interactions were observed for incremental area under the curve (IAUC) for the TG (P = 0.038) and apoE (P = 0.016) responses with a 58% lower apoE IAUC after the UNSAT than the SFA meal (P = 0.017) in the E4 carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that APOE genotype had a modest impact on the postprandial response to meals of varying fat composition in normolipidemic men. The physiologic importance of greater apoE concentrations after the SFA-rich meals in APOE4 carriers may reflect an impact on TG-rich lipoprotein clearance from the circulation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01522482.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Virtu Calabuig-Navarro
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK; and
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK; and
| | | | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK; and
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Parnell LD, Blokker BA, Dashti HS, Nesbeth PD, Cooper BE, Ma Y, Lee YC, Hou R, Lai CQ, Richardson K, Ordovás JM. CardioGxE, a catalog of gene-environment interactions for cardiometabolic traits. BioData Min 2014; 7:21. [PMID: 25368670 PMCID: PMC4217104 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0381-7-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic understanding of complex traits has developed immensely over the past decade but remains hampered by incomplete descriptions of contribution to phenotypic variance. Gene-environment (GxE) interactions are one of these contributors and in the guise of diet and physical activity are important modulators of cardiometabolic phenotypes and ensuing diseases. Results We mined the scientific literature to collect GxE interactions from 386 publications for blood lipids, glycemic traits, obesity anthropometrics, vascular measures, inflammation and metabolic syndrome, and introduce CardioGxE, a gene-environment interaction resource. We then analyzed the genes and SNPs supporting cardiometabolic GxEs in order to demonstrate utility of GxE SNPs and to discern characteristics of these important genetic variants. We were able to draw many observations from our extensive analysis of GxEs. 1) The CardioGxE SNPs showed little overlap with variants identified by main effect GWAS, indicating the importance of environmental interactions with genetic factors on cardiometabolic traits. 2) These GxE SNPs were enriched in adaptation to climatic and geographical features, with implications on energy homeostasis and response to physical activity. 3) Comparison to gene networks responding to plasma cholesterol-lowering or regression of atherosclerotic plaques showed that GxE genes have a greater role in those responses, particularly through high-energy diets and fat intake, than do GWAS-identified genes for the same traits. Other aspects of the CardioGxE dataset were explored. Conclusions Overall, we demonstrate that SNPs supporting cardiometabolic GxE interactions often exhibit transcriptional effects or are under positive selection. Still, not all such SNPs can be assigned potential functional or regulatory roles often because data are lacking in specific cell types or from treatments that approximate the environmental factor of the GxE. With research on metabolic related complex disease risk embarking on genome-wide GxE interaction tests, CardioGxE will be a useful resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence D Parnell
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Britt A Blokker
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Paula-Dene Nesbeth
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Brittany Elle Cooper
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Yiyi Ma
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ruixue Hou
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kris Richardson
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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21
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Grimaldi KA. Nutrigenetics and personalized nutrition: are we ready for DNA-based dietary advice? Per Med 2014; 11:297-307. [PMID: 29764062 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Common genetic variation affects individual nutrient requirements and the use of DNA-based dietary advice, derived from nutrigenetics, has been growing. The growth is about to accelerate as the cost of genotyping continues to fall and research results from major nutrigenetics projects are published. There is still some skepticism; some barriers remain including some commercial tests, which make exaggerated, incorrect claims. There is a need for more public resources dedicated to unbiased, objective review and dissemination of nutrigenetics information; however, nutrigenetics evidence should be assessed in the context of standard nutritional evidence and should not require higher standards. This article argues that we are ready for some DNA-based dietary advice in general nutrition and it can be beneficial. Examples of the scientific validity and health utility of gene-diet interactions will be given and the development of guidelines for assessment and validation of benefits will be discussed.
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22
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Contreras AV, Torres N, Tovar AR. PPAR-α as a key nutritional and environmental sensor for metabolic adaptation. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:439-52. [PMID: 23858092 PMCID: PMC3941823 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.003798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that belong to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors and regulate the expression of several genes involved in metabolic processes that are potentially linked to the development of some diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity. One type of PPAR, PPAR-α, is a transcription factor that regulates the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids and is activated by ligands such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and drugs used to treat dyslipidemias. There is evidence that genetic variants within the PPARα gene have been associated with a risk of the development of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease by influencing fasting and postprandial lipid concentrations; the gene variants have also been associated with an acceleration of the progression of type 2 diabetes. The interactions between genetic PPARα variants and the response to dietary factors will help to identify individuals or populations who can benefit from specific dietary recommendations. Interestingly, certain nutritional conditions, such as the prolonged consumption of a protein-restricted diet, can produce long-lasting effects on PPARα gene expression through modifications in the methylation of a specific locus surrounding the PPARα gene. Thus, this review underlines our current knowledge about the important role of PPAR-α as a mediator of the metabolic response to nutritional and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra V. Contreras
- Faculty of Medicine, National University Autonomous of Mexico, PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences,National Institute of Genomic Medicine
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Nutrition Physiology Department, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico D.F. Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Nutrition Physiology Department, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico D.F. Mexico,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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23
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Lamina C, Forer L, Schönherr S, Kollerits B, Ried JS, Gieger C, Peters A, Wichmann HE, Kronenberg F. Evaluation of gene–obesity interaction effects on cholesterol levels: A genetic predisposition score on HDL-cholesterol is modified by obesity. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:363-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Personalized nutrition aims to prevent the onset and development of chronic diseases by targeting dietary recommendations to an individual’s genetic profile. Gene–diet interactions that affect metabolic pathways relevant to disease risk are continuously being uncovered. Discoveries in the field of nutrigenomics demonstrate that some individuals may benefit from adhering to different dietary guidelines than others, depending on their genotype. Certain industries have already begun to capitalize on the anticipation that knowledge of genomic information could help prevent the risk of developing diseases. Although disclosure of genetic information has been associated with the adoption of positive health-related behaviors under certain circumstances, the effect of providing gene-based dietary advice on motivating adherence to favorable dietary changes is largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva E Nielsen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Room 350, 150 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Room 350, 150 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
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25
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Karampola M, Papandreou D, Makedou K. The role of Mediterranean diet in health and disease: an updated mini review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1108/00346651111102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Rideout TC. Getting personal: considering variable interindividual responsiveness to dietary lipid-lowering therapies. Curr Opin Lipidol 2011; 22:37-42. [PMID: 21102329 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283414e71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is substantial interindividual variation in the response of blood lipids to dietary therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent developments in identifying patient-specific factors that contribute to the significant heterogeneity of responsiveness in lipids to dietary changes and consumption of dietary bioactive compounds. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings suggest that a variety of patient-specific physiological, pathological, environmental, and genetic factors influence the effectiveness of dietary lipid-lowering therapies. SUMMARY Although genetic markers of responsiveness will revolutionize future personalized nutrition therapies, current research priorities should emphasize the identification of readily accessible metabolic biomarkers of responsiveness in patient subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Ruiz JR, Larrarte E, Margareto J, Ares R, Labayen I. Role of β₂-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms on body weight and body composition response to energy restriction in obese women: preliminary results. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:212-5. [PMID: 20523301 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of common β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) rs1042714 (Gln27Glu) and rs1042713 (Arg16Gly) polymorphisms on body weight and body composition response to 12-week energy-restricted diet in women. The study comprised 78 Spanish obese (BMI: 34.0 ± 2.8 kg/m²) women (age: 36.7 ± 7 years). We measured (before and after the dietary intervention) weight and height, and BMI calculated. Moreover, body fat mass and lean mass (LM) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We observed an interaction effect between the Gln27Glu polymorphism and diet-induced changes on body weight (P = 0.006), BMI (P = 0.004), and LM (P = 0.001). Women carrying the Glu allele had a greater reduction in body weight than non-Glu allele carriers (9.5 ± 2.9 vs. 7.0 ± 3.5%, respectively, P = 0.002). Moreover, women with the Glu allele lost more LM than the Gln27Gln group (5.9 ± 2.7 vs. 4.0 ± 2.7%, respectively, P = 0.001). We did not find any significant interaction effect between the Arg16Gly polymorphism and diet-induced changes on the outcome variables (all P > 0.1). The results suggest that the ADRB2 Gln27Glu polymorphism has a modulating effect on diet-induced changes on body weight and body composition, and should be considered in future obesity treatments. These findings should be taken as preliminary and be replicated in further energy restriction studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan R Ruiz
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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28
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Dimitrov DV. The human gutome: nutrigenomics of the host-microbiome interactions. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2010; 15:419-30. [PMID: 21121704 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2010.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Demonstrating the importance of the gut microbiota in human health and well-being represents a major transformational task in both medical and nutritional research. Owing to the high-throughput -omics methodologies, the complexity, evolution with age, and individual nature of the gut microflora have been more thoroughly investigated. The balance between this complex community of gut bacteria, food nutrients, and intestinal genomic and physiological milieu is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to human health and disease. This article discusses the "gutome," that is, nutritional systems biology of gut microbiome and host-microbiome interactions. We examine the novel ways in which the study of the human gutome, and nutrigenomics more generally, can have translational and transformational impacts in 21st century practice of biomedicine. We describe the clinical context in which experimental methodologies, as well as data-driven and process-driven approaches are being utilized in nutrigenomics and microbiome research. We underscore the pivotal importance of the gutome as a common platform for sharing data in the emerging field of the integrated metagenomics of gut pathophysiology. This vision needs to be articulated in a manner that recognizes both the omics biotechnology nuances and the ways in which nutrigenomics science can effectively inform population health and public policy, and vice versa.
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29
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Blundell J, de Graaf C, Hulshof T, Jebb S, Livingstone B, Lluch A, Mela D, Salah S, Schuring E, van der Knaap H, Westerterp M. Appetite control: methodological aspects of the evaluation of foods. Obes Rev 2010; 11:251-70. [PMID: 20122136 PMCID: PMC3609405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a set of scientific procedures used to assess the impact of foods and food ingredients on the expression of appetite (psychological and behavioural). An overarching priority has been to enable potential evaluators of health claims about foods to identify justified claims and to exclude claims that are not supported by scientific evidence for the effect cited. This priority follows precisely from the principles set down in the PASSCLAIM report. The report allows the evaluation of the strength of health claims, about the effects of foods on appetite, which can be sustained on the basis of the commonly used scientific designs and experimental procedures. The report includes different designs for assessing effects on satiation as opposed to satiety, detailed coverage of the extent to which a change in hunger can stand alone as a measure of appetite control and an extensive discussion of the statistical procedures appropriate for handling data in this field of research. Because research in this area is continually evolving, new improved methodologies may emerge over time and will need to be incorporated into the framework. One main objective of the report has been to produce guidance on good practice in carrying out appetite research, and not to set down a series of commandments that must be followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Blundell
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds
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30
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), like all chronic diseases, results from interactions between multiple genes and multiple environmental factors. Nevertheless, many research studies focus on either nutrition or genetic factors independently of each other. The challenges of analyzing gene-nutrient interactions in T2DM are the (i) genetic heterogeneity in humans, (ii) complexity of environmental factors, particularly dietary chemicals, and (iii) diverse physiologies that produce the same apparent disease. Many of these variables are not accounted for in the design or study of T2DM or, indeed, most chronic diseases, although exceptions are noteworthy. Establishing experimental paradigms to analyze the complexity of these interactions and physiologies is challenging, but possible. This article provides a strategy to extend nutrigenomic experimental strategies to include early environmental influences that may promote adult-onset disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Wise
- Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, Food and Drug Administration/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA.
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31
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Agurs-Collins T, Bouchard C. Gene-nutrition and gene-physical activity interactions in the etiology of obesity. Introduction. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16 Suppl 3:S2-4. [PMID: 19037207 PMCID: PMC2703437 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Agurs-Collins
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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