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Xu S, Wang N, Yan D, Zhong Y. Platycoside E alleviates allergic airway inflammation in obesity-related asthma mouse model. Mol Immunol 2023; 162:74-83. [PMID: 37659168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are related to an increased risk of asthma. The effect of platycoside E (PE) on obesity-related asthma remains unknown. METHODS To mimic obesity-related asthma conditions in vivo, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). PE was administrated intraperitoneally during the OVA treatment. Body weight was measured at 8th week before PE treatment and after sacrificing the mice. Airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate eosinophils. Histopathological changes were determined by HE staining. Cellular model of asthma was established using IL-13 in BEAS-2B cells. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators were measured by ELISA kits and commercial kits, respectively. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assays. RESULTS IL-13 treatment led to inflammatory and oxidative damage in bronchial epithelial cells, which was relieved by PE. PE administration significantly reduced HFD-induced obesity and relieved AHR and airway inflammation in obese asthmatic mice. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines in BALF and lung tissues in obese asthmatic mice were reduced by PE. PE administration also reduced infiltration of eosinophils and inflammation scores in obese asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION PE suppresses airway inflammation and AHR in obese asthmatic mice and serves as an effective option for treating obesity-related asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShanShan Xu
- Department of paediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of paediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Dandan Yan
- Department of paediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yingjie Zhong
- Department of paediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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2
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Chandrasekaran R, Bruno SR, Mark ZF, Walzer J, Caffry S, Gold C, Kumar A, Chamberlain N, Butzirus IM, Morris CR, Daphtary N, Aliyeva M, Lam YW, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger Y, Poynter ME, Dixon AE, Anathy V. Mitoquinone mesylate attenuates pathological features of lean and obese allergic asthma in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L141-L153. [PMID: 36511516 PMCID: PMC9902225 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00249.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with severe, difficult-to-control asthma, and increased airway oxidative stress. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are an important source of oxidative stress in asthma, leading us to hypothesize that targeting mROS in obese allergic asthma might be an effective treatment. Using a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway disease in mice fed a low- (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD), and the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoQuinone (MitoQ), we investigated the effects of obesity and ROS on HDM-induced airway inflammation, remodeling, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Obese allergic mice showed increased lung tissue eotaxin, airway tissue eosinophilia, and AHR compared with lean allergic mice. MitoQ reduced airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperreactivity in both lean and obese allergic mice, and tissue eosinophilia in obese-allergic mice. Similar effects were observed with decyl triphosphonium (dTPP+), the hydrophobic cationic moiety of MitoQ lacking ubiquinone. HDM-induced oxidative sulfenylation of proteins was increased particularly in HFD mice. Although only MitoQ reduced sulfenylation of proteins involved in protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER stress was attenuated by both MitoQ and dTPP+ suggesting the anti-allergic effects of MitoQ are mediated in part by effects of its hydrophobic dTPP+ moiety reducing ER stress. In summary, oxidative signaling is an important mediator of allergic airway disease. MitoQ, likely through reducing protein oxidation and affecting the UPR pathway, might be effective for the treatment of asthma and specific features of obese asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sierra R Bruno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Zoe F Mark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Joseph Walzer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sarah Caffry
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Clarissa Gold
- Department of Biology and Vermont Biomedical Research Network Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicolas Chamberlain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Carolyn R Morris
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nirav Daphtary
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology and Vermont Biomedical Research Network Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | | | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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3
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Wang Y, Hu C. Leptin and Asthma: What Are the Interactive Correlations? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121780. [PMID: 36551211 PMCID: PMC9775505 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine directly correlated with the proinflammatory obese-associated phenotype. Leptin has been demonstrated to inhibit adipogenesis, promote fat demarcation, promote a chronic inflammatory state, increase insulin sensitivity, and promote angiogenesis. Leptin, a regulator of the immune response, is implicated in the pathology of asthma. Studies involved in the key cell reaction and animal models of asthma have provided vital insights into the proinflammatory role of leptin in asthma. Many studies described the immune cell and related cellular pathways activated by leptin, which are beneficial in asthma development and increasing exacerbations. Subsequent studies relating to animal models support the role of leptin in increasing inflammatory cell infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammatory responses. However, the conclusive effects of leptin in asthma are not well elaborated. In the present study, we explored the general functions and the clinical cohort study supporting the association between leptin and asthma. The main objective of our review is to address the knowns and unknowns of leptin on asthma. In this perspective, the arguments about the different faces of leptin in asthma are provided to picture the potential directions, thus yielding a better understanding of asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence:
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4
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Kong J, Yang F, Bai M, Zong Y, Li Z, Meng X, Zhao X, Wang J. Airway immune response in the mouse models of obesity-related asthma. Front Physiol 2022; 13:909209. [PMID: 36051916 PMCID: PMC9424553 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.909209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of obesity and its complications have increased dramatically worldwide. Obesity can lead to low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, which predisposes individuals to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Although obesity has received considerable interest in recent years, the essential role of obesity in asthma development has not been explored. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease caused by various environmental allergens. Obesity is a critical risk factor for asthma exacerbation due to systemic inflammation, and obesity-related asthma is listed as an asthma phenotype. A suitable model can contribute to the understanding of the in-depth mechanisms of obese asthma. However, stable models for simulating clinical phenotypes and the impact of modeling on immune response vary across studies. Given that inflammation is one of the central mechanisms in asthma pathogenesis, this review will discuss immune responses in the airways of obese asthmatic mice on the basis of diverse modeling protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minghua Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoshan Zhao, ; Ji Wang,
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoshan Zhao, ; Ji Wang,
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5
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Farzan S, Coyle T, Coscia G, Rebaza A, Santiago M. Clinical Characteristics and Management Strategies for Adult Obese Asthma Patients. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:673-689. [PMID: 35611328 PMCID: PMC9124473 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s285738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of asthma and obesity are increasing concurrently in the United States. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that the incidence of asthma increases with obesity. Furthermore, obese individuals have asthma that is more severe, harder to control, and resistant to standard medications. In fact, specific asthma-obesity phenotypes have been identified. Various pathophysiologic mechanisms, including mechanical, inflammatory, metabolic and microbiome-associated, are at play in promulgating the obese-asthma phenotypes. While standard asthma medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and biologics, are currently used to treat obese asthmatics, they may have limited effectiveness. Targeting the underlying aberrant processes, such as addressing steroid resistance, microbiome, metabolic and weight loss approaches, may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Farzan
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Queens, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Manhasett, NY, USA
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Sherry Farzan, Division of Allergy & Immunology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, 865 Northern Blvd, Suite 101, Great Neck, NY, 11021, USA, Tel +1 516-622-5070, Fax +1 516-622-5060, Email
| | - Tyrone Coyle
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Queens, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Manhasett, NY, USA
| | - Gina Coscia
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Queens, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Manhasett, NY, USA
| | - Andre Rebaza
- Department of Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Queens, NY, USA
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Santiago
- Department of Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, Queens, NY, USA
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health System, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Mank MM, Reed LF, Walton CJ, Barup MLT, Ather JL, Poynter ME. Therapeutic ketosis decreases methacholine hyperresponsiveness in mouse models of inherent obese asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L243-L257. [PMID: 34936508 PMCID: PMC8782644 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00309.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese asthmatics tend to have severe, poorly controlled disease and exhibit methacholine hyperresponsiveness manifesting in proximal airway narrowing and distal lung tissue collapsibility. Substantial weight loss in obese asthmatics or in mouse models of the condition decreases methacholine hyperresponsiveness. Ketone bodies are rapidly elevated during weight loss, coinciding with or preceding relief from asthma-related comorbidities. As ketone bodies may exert numerous potentially therapeutic effects, augmenting their systemic concentrations is being targeted for the treatment of several conditions. Circulating ketone body levels can be increased by feeding a ketogenic diet or by providing a ketone ester dietary supplement, which we hypothesized would exert protective effects in mouse models of inherent obese asthma. Weight loss induced by feeding a low-fat diet to mice previously fed a high-fat diet was preceded by increased urine and blood levels of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Feeding a ketogenic diet for 3 wk to high-fat diet-fed obese mice or genetically obese db/db mice increased BHB concentrations and decreased methacholine hyperresponsiveness without substantially decreasing body weight. Acute ketone ester administration decreased methacholine responsiveness of normal mice, and dietary ketone ester supplementation of high-fat diet-fed mice decreased methacholine hyperresponsiveness. Ketone ester supplementation also transiently induced an "antiobesogenic" gut microbiome with a decreased Fermicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Dietary interventions to increase systemic BHB concentrations could provide symptom relief for obese asthmatics without the need for the substantial weight loss required of patients to elicit benefits to their asthma through bariatric surgery or other diet or lifestyle alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine M Mank
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Leah F Reed
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Camille J Walton
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Madison L T Barup
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jennifer L Ather
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
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7
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Salem AM. Th1/Th2 cytokines profile in overweight/obese young adults and their correlation with airways inflammation. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 17:38-44. [PMID: 35140563 PMCID: PMC8801473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
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8
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Percopo CM, McCullough M, Limkar AR, Druey KM, Rosenberg HF. Impact of controlled high-sucrose and high-fat diets on eosinophil recruitment and cytokine content in allergen-challenged mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255997. [PMID: 34383839 PMCID: PMC8360545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an ongoing focus on the role of diet in health and disease, we have only a limited understanding of these concepts at the cellular and molecular levels. While obesity has been clearly recognized as contributing to metabolic syndrome and the pathogenesis of adult asthma, recent evidence has linked high sugar intake alone to an increased risk of developing asthma in childhood. In this study, we examined the impact of diet in a mouse model of allergic airways inflammation with a specific focus on eosinophils. As anticipated, male C57BL/6 mice gained weight on a high-calorie, high-fat diet. However, mice also gained weight on an isocaloric high-sucrose diet. Elevated levels of leptin were detected in the serum and airways of mice maintained on the high-fat, but not the high-sucrose diets. We found that diet alone had no impact on eosinophil numbers in the airways at baseline or their recruitment in response to allergen (Alternaria alternata) challenge in either wild-type or leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. However, both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and eosinophils isolated from lung tissue of allergen-challenged mice exhibited profound diet-dependent differences in cytokine content. Similarly, while all wild-type mice responded to allergen challenge with significant increases in methacholine-dependent total airway resistance (Rrs), airway resistance in mice maintained on the isocaloric high-sucrose (but not the high-calorie/high-fat) diet significantly exceeded that of mice maintained on the basic diet. In summary, our findings revealed that mice maintained on an isocaloric high-sucrose diet responded to allergen challenge with significant changes in both BAL and eosinophil cytokine content together with significant increases in Rrs. These results provide a model for further exploration of the unique risks associated with a high-sugar diet and its impact on allergen-associated respiratory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Percopo
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Morgan McCullough
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ajinkya R. Limkar
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kirk M. Druey
- Lung and Vascular Inflammation Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Helene F. Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Al Khathlan N, Salem AM. The Effect of Adiposity Markers on Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) and Pulmonary Function Measurements. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:955-962. [PMID: 33149659 PMCID: PMC7605624 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s280395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of increasing body weight on pulmonary function and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) remains controversial and the role of different body compositions in the relationship between obesity with pulmonary function and FeNO is still unrevealed. Thus, we aim to determine the effect of overweight/obesity on lung function and FeNO, focusing on the relationship with different body compositions. Methods Eighty-two non-smoker students (20 ± 1.9 years) were divided into two groups: 38 subjects with normal weight (BMI = 18.5–24.99) and 44 overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25). Spirometric parameters and FeNO were measured and compared between groups and were correlated with different adiposity markers. Results FeNO measurements were elevated in the overweight/obese group [median (IQR) 19.5 (13)] in comparison to the normal weight group [11 (10), p value = 0.017]. A positive correlation was found between FeNO measurements and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and visceral fat percentage (all p values < 0.01). The absolute values of forced vital capacity (FVC) forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow during mid-expiration (FEF25–75%), and FEV1/FVC ratio showed no significant differences between groups. However, the percentage of the predicted values of FEV1 and FVC was significantly higher and the value of percentage predicted FEF25–75% was reduced significantly in the overweight/obese subjects. Conclusion Increase in BMI could significantly increase airway inflammation as measured by FeNO, as well as on distal airway function as determined by the percentage predicted values of FEF25–75%. A significant correlation was also identified between visceral fat and FeNO measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Al Khathlan
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayad Mohammed Salem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Vieira CP, de Oliveira LP, Da Silva MB, Majolli Andre D, Tavares EBG, Pimentel ER, Antunes E. Role of metalloproteinases and TNF-α in obesity-associated asthma in mice. Life Sci 2020; 259:118191. [PMID: 32777302 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous population studies conducted worldwide indicate that the prevalence of asthma is higher in obese versus lean individuals. It has been reported that sensitized lean mice has a better recovery of lung inflammation in asthma. Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an essential role in the structural support of the lungs regulating the airways diameter, thus preventing its collapse during expiration. ECM renewal by metalloproteinase (MMPs) enzymes is critical for pulmonary biology. There seems to be an imbalance of MMPs activity in asthma and obesity, which can impair the lung remodeling process. In this study, we characterized the pulmonary ECM of obese and lean mice, non-sensitized and sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). Pharmacological intervention was performed by using anti-TNF-α, and MMP-8 and MMP-9 inhibitors in obese and lean sensitized mice. Activity of MMPs was assessed by gelatinase electrophorese, western blotting and zymogram in situ. Unbalance of MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-12 was detected in lung tissue of OVA-sensitized obese mice, which was accompanied by high degradation, corroborating an excessive deposition of types I and III collagen in pulmonary matrix of obese animals. Inhibitions of TNF-α and MMP-9 reduced this MMP imbalance, clearly suggesting a positive effect on pulmonary ECM. Obese and lean mice presented diverse phenotype of asthma regarding the ECM compounds and the inhibition of MMPs pathway could be a good alternative to regulate the activity in ECM lungs of asthmatic obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Pedrozo Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leticia Prado de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-863 CP 6109, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bombardi Da Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-863 CP 6109, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Majolli Andre
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edith Bastos Gandra Tavares
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Rosa Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-863 CP 6109, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Jesus JPVD, Lima-Matos AS, Almeida PCA, Lima VB, Mello LMD, Souza-Machado A, Ponte EV, Cruz ÁA. Obesity and asthma: clinical and laboratory characterization of a common combination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 44:207-212. [PMID: 30043887 PMCID: PMC6188692 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37562017000000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between obesity and asthma. METHODS This was a preliminary cross-sectional analysis involving 925 subjects with mild-to-moderate or severe asthma evaluated between 2013 and 2015. Obesity was defined on the basis of body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference. We collected clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric parameters, as well as pulmonary function test results and data regarding comorbidities. The subjects also completed asthma control and quality of life questionnaires. RESULTS Obese individuals had a significantly higher number of neutrophils in peripheral blood than did nonobese individuals (p = 0.01). Among the obese individuals, 163 (61%) had positive skin-prick test results, as did 69% and 71% of the individuals classified as being overweight or normal weight, respectively. Obese individuals showed lower spirometric values than did nonobese individuals, and 32% of the obese individuals had uncontrolled asthma, a significantly higher proportion than that found in the other groups (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Obese individuals with asthma seem to present with poorer asthma control and lower pulmonary function values than do nonobese individuals. The proportion of subjects with nonatopic asthma was higher in the obese group. Our results suggest that obese individuals with asthma show a distinct inflammatory pattern and are more likely to present with difficult-to-control asthma than are nonobese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pires Viana de Jesus
- . Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA - Salvador (BA) Brasil.,. Núcleo de Excelência em Asma/Programa para o Controle da Asma na Bahia - ProAR - Salvador (BA) Brasil
| | - Aline Silva Lima-Matos
- . Núcleo de Excelência em Asma/Programa para o Controle da Asma na Bahia - ProAR - Salvador (BA) Brasil.,. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA - Salvador (BA) Brasil
| | | | - Valmar Bião Lima
- . Núcleo de Excelência em Asma/Programa para o Controle da Asma na Bahia - ProAR - Salvador (BA) Brasil
| | - Luane Marques de Mello
- . Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (SP) Brasil
| | - Adelmir Souza-Machado
- . Núcleo de Excelência em Asma/Programa para o Controle da Asma na Bahia - ProAR - Salvador (BA) Brasil.,. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA - Salvador (BA) Brasil
| | - Eduardo Vieira Ponte
- . Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA - Salvador (BA) Brasil.,. Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí, Jundiaí (SP) Brasil
| | - Álvaro Augusto Cruz
- . Núcleo de Excelência em Asma/Programa para o Controle da Asma na Bahia - ProAR - Salvador (BA) Brasil.,. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA - Salvador (BA) Brasil
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12
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Liang L, Hur J, Kang JY, Rhee CK, Kim YK, Lee SY. Effect of the anti-IL-17 antibody on allergic inflammation in an obesity-related asthma model. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:1210-1223. [PMID: 29665658 PMCID: PMC6234391 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The co-occurrence of obesity aggravates asthma symptoms. Diet-induced obesity increases helper T cell (TH) 17 cell differentiation in adipose tissue and the spleen. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor pravastatin can potentially be used to treat asthma in obese patients by inhibiting interleukin 17 (IL-17) expression. This study investigated the combined effects of pravastatin and anti-IL-17 antibody treatment on allergic inflammation in a mouse model of obesity-related asthma. METHODS High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity was induced in C57BL/6 mice with or without ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Mice were administered the anti-IL-17 antibody, pravastatin, or both, and pathophysiological and immunological responses were analyzed. RESULTS HFD exacerbated allergic airway inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of HFD-OVA mice as compared to OVA mice. Blockading of the IL-17 in the HFD-OVA mice decreased airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation compared to the HFD-OVA mice. Moreover, the administration of the anti-IL-17 antibody decreased the leptin/adiponectin ratio in the HFD-OVA but not the OVA mice. Co-administration of pravastatin and anti-IL-17 inhibited airway inflammation and AHR, decreased goblet cell numbers, and increased adipokine levels in obese asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the IL-17-leptin/adiponectin axis plays a key role in airway inflammation in obesity-related asthma. Our findings suggest a potential new treatment for IL-17 as a target that may benefit obesity-related asthma patients who respond poorly to typical asthma medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hur
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Sook Young Lee, M.D. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-6061 Fax: +82-2-2258-1219 E-mail:
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13
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Everaere L, Ait Yahia S, Bouté M, Audousset C, Chenivesse C, Tsicopoulos A. Innate lymphoid cells at the interface between obesity and asthma. Immunology 2017; 153:21-30. [PMID: 28880992 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and asthma prevalence has dramatically and concomitantly increased over the last 25 years, and many epidemiological studies have highlighted obesity as an important risk factor for asthma. Although many studies have been performed, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Innate mechanisms have been involved in both diseases, in particular through the recently described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are subdivided into three groups that are defined by their cytokine production and by their master transcription factor expression, in sharp correlation with their T helper counterparts. However, unlike T helper cells, ILCs do not express antigen-specific receptors, but respond to damage-induced signals. ILCs have been found in target tissues of both diseases, and data have implicated these cells in the pathogenesis of both diseases. In particular group 2 ILCs (ILC2) are activated in both the adipose and lung tissues under the effect of interleukin-33 and interleukin-25 expression. However, counter-intuitively to the well-known association between obesity and asthma, ILC2 are beneficial for obesity but deleterious for asthma. This review will examine the roles of ILCs in each disease and recent data highlighting ILCs as a putative link between obesity and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Everaere
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Saliha Ait Yahia
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mélodie Bouté
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Audousset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires et Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Chenivesse
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires et Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tsicopoulos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires et Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
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14
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Dixon AE, Poynter ME. Mechanisms of Asthma in Obesity. Pleiotropic Aspects of Obesity Produce Distinct Asthma Phenotypes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:601-8. [PMID: 26886277 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0017ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with severe or difficult-to-control asthma in the United States are obese. Epidemiological studies have clearly established that obese patients tend to have worse asthma control and increased hospitalizations and do not respond to standard controller therapy as well as lean patients with asthma. Less clear are the mechanistic underpinnings for the striking clinical differences between lean and obese patients with asthma. Because obesity is principally a disorder of metabolism and energy regulation, processes fundamental to the function of every cell and system within the body, it is not surprising that it affects the respiratory system; it is perhaps surprising that it has taken so long to appreciate how dysfunctional metabolism and energy regulation lead to severe airway disease. Although early investigations focused on identifying a common factor in obesity that could promote airway disease, an appreciation has emerged that the asthma of obesity is a manifestation of multiple anomalies related to obesity affecting all the different pathways that cause asthma, and likely also to de novo airway dysfunction. Consequently, all the phenotypes of asthma currently recognized in lean patients (which are profoundly modified by obesity), as well as those unique to one's obesity endotype, likely contribute to obese asthma in a particular individual. This perspective reviews what we have learned from clinical studies and animal models about the phenotypes of asthma in obesity, which show how specific aspects of obesity and altered metabolism might lead to de novo airway disease and profoundly modify existing airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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15
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Leiria LOS, Martins MA, Saad MJA. Obesity and asthma: beyond T(H)2 inflammation. Metabolism 2015; 64:172-81. [PMID: 25458831 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for asthma. Likewise, obesity is known to increase disease severity in asthmatic subjects and also to impair the efficacy of first-line treatment medications for asthma, worsening asthma control in obese patients. This concept is in agreement with the current understanding that some asthma phenotypes are not accompanied by detectable inflammation, and may not be ameliorated by classical anti-inflammatory therapy. There are growing evidences suggesting that the obesity-related asthma phenotype does not necessarily involve the classical T(H)2-dependent inflammatory process. Hormones involved in glucose homeostasis and in the pathogeneses of obesity likely directly or indirectly link obesity and asthma through inflammatory and non-inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, the endocrine regulation of the airway-related pre-ganglionic nerves likely contributes to airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in obese states. In this review, we focused our efforts on understanding the mechanism underlying obesity-related asthma by exploring the T(H)2-independent mechanisms leading to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz O S Leiria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton A Martins
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Sideleva O, Dixon AE. The many faces of asthma in obesity. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:421-6. [PMID: 24115053 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of asthma, and causes severe, uncontrolled disease that responds poorly to therapy. The obese state alters early onset allergic asthma, and leads to the development of a novel form of late onset asthma secondary to obesity. The presentation of early onset allergic asthma is altered through effects on immune function. Factors such as mechanical loading, effects of adipokines on airways, altered diet, insulin resistance and altered metabolism of nitric oxide likely all contribute to increased airway reactivity in obesity, causing late onset asthma in obesity. Obesity also alters responses to environmental factors such as ozone and particulate matter. Focused studies to understand the importance of these factors in the pathogenesis of airway disease in obesity will be essential to develop therapies to intervene in this new epidemic of airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sideleva
- Department of Medicine, Fletcher Allen Health Care, University of Vermont, Given D209, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, Vermont, 05405
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity and asthma are chronic conditions affecting millions of people worldwide. The two conditions also appear to be linked with an increased risk of asthma in people who are obese. The purpose of this review is to describe mechanism(s) that may explain the association between asthma and obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Current evidence suggests that the association between asthma and obesity is linked by two major phenotypes and three important pathways of obesity-related asthma: one phenotype with primary (often atopic) asthma that is aggravated by obesity and a second phenotype with late-onset nonatopic asthma, which predominantly affects women and primarily seems to be associated with neutrophilic inflammation. Proposed pathways include the mechanical effects of obesity (fewer deep inspirations leading to increased airway hyperresponsiveness), an inflammatory pathway driven by obesity-related cytokines (adipokines), and finally environment and lifestyle changes that have led to an increasing prevalence of obesity over the past 50 years (including exposures in utero, physical activity, and diet) may also result in asthma in predisposed individuals. How these environmental changes influence the occurrence and expression of asthma may depend on the age of exposure and on interactions with genetic susceptibilities. SUMMARY Future research should be directed to shed light on the associations between obesity and asthma phenotypes, modern lifestyles and environmental exposures and genetic susceptibilities. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COAI/A6.
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Calixto MC, Lintomen L, André DM, Leiria LO, Ferreira D, Lellis-Santos C, Anhê GF, Bordin S, Landgraf RG, Antunes E. Metformin attenuates the exacerbation of the allergic eosinophilic inflammation in high fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76786. [PMID: 24204674 PMCID: PMC3811997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A positive relationship between obesity and asthma has been well documented. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator metformin reverses obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) and inhibits different types of inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin on the exacerbation of allergic eosinophilic inflammation in obese mice. Male C57BL6/J mice were fed for 10 weeks with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. The cell infiltration and inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue were evaluated at 48 h after ovalbumin (OVA) challenge. HFD obese mice displayed peripheral IR that was fully reversed by metformin (300 mg/kg/day, two weeks). OVA-challenge resulted in higher influx of total cell and eosinophils in lung tissue of obese mice compared with lean group. As opposed, the cell number in BAL fluid of obese mice was reduced compared with lean group. Metformin significantly reduced the tissue eosinophil infiltration and prevented the reduction of cell counts in BAL fluid. In obese mice, greater levels of eotaxin, TNF-α and NOx, together with increased iNOS protein expression were observed, all of which were normalized by metformin. In addition, metformin nearly abrogated the binding of NF-κB subunit p65 to the iNOS promoter gene in lung tissue of obese mice. Lower levels of phosphorylated AMPK and its downstream target acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) were found in lung tissue of obese mice, which were restored by metformin. In separate experiments, the selective iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (20 mg/kg, 3 weeks) and the anti-TNF-α mAb (2 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the aggravation of eosinophilic inflammation in obese mice. In conclusion, metformin inhibits the TNF-α-induced inflammatory signaling and NF-κB-mediated iNOS expression in lung tissue of obese mice. Metformin may be a good pharmacological strategy to control the asthma exacerbation in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ciarallo Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Lintomen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Majoli André
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Osório Leiria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilo Lellis-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ge XN, Greenberg Y, Hosseinkhani MR, Long EK, Bahaie NS, Rao A, Ha SG, Rao SP, Bernlohr DA, Sriramarao P. High-fat diet promotes lung fibrosis and attenuates airway eosinophilia after exposure to cockroach allergen in mice. Exp Lung Res 2013; 39:365-78. [PMID: 24102347 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2013.829537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for asthma but the mechanistic basis for this association is not well understood. In the current study, the impact of obesity on lung inflammatory responses after allergen exposure was investigated. C57BL/6 mice maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet (ND) after weaning were sensitized and challenged with cockroach allergen (CRA). Airway inflammation was assessed based on inflammatory cell recruitment, measurement of lung Th1-Th2 cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids, and other proinflammatory mediators as well as airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). CRA-challenged mice fed a HFD exhibited significantly decreased allergen-induced airway eosinophilia along with reduced lung IL-5, IL-13, LTC4, CCL11, and CCL2 levels as well as reduced mucus secretion and smooth muscle mass compared to ND fed mice. However, allergen-challenged HFD fed mice demonstrated significantly increased PAI-1 and reduced PGE2 levels in the lung relative to corresponding ND fed mice. Interestingly, saline-exposed HFD fed mice demonstrated elevated baseline levels of TGF-β1, arginase-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and lung collagen expression associated with decreased lung function compared to corresponding ND fed mice. These studies indicate that a HFD inhibits airway eosinophilia while altering levels of PAI-1 and PGE2 in response to CRA in mice. Further, a HFD can lead to the development of lung fibrosis even in the absence of allergen exposure which could be due to innate elevated levels of specific profibrotic factors, potentially affecting lung function during asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Na Ge
- 1Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Inflammation, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota , USA
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Vernooy JHJ, Ubags NDJ, Brusselle GG, Tavernier J, Suratt BT, Joos GF, Wouters EFM, Bracke KR. Leptin as regulator of pulmonary immune responses: involvement in respiratory diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:464-72. [PMID: 23542720 PMCID: PMC4122282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone, recognized as a critical mediator of the balance between food intake and energy expenditure by signalling through its functional receptor (Ob-Rb) in the hypothalamus. Structurally, leptin belongs to the long-chain helical cytokine family, and is now known to have pleiotropic functions in both innate and adaptive immunity. The presence of the functional leptin receptor in the lung together with evidence of increased airspace leptin levels arising during pulmonary inflammation, suggests an important role for leptin in lung development, respiratory immune responses and eventually pathogenesis of inflammatory respiratory diseases. The purpose of this article is to review our current understanding of leptin and its functional role on the different resident cell types of the lung in health as well as in the context of three major respiratory conditions being chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita H J Vernooy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Ye Z, Huang Y, Liu D, Chen X, Wang D, Huang D, Zhao L, Xiao X. Obesity induced by neonatal overfeeding worsens airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47013. [PMID: 23056561 PMCID: PMC3466258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for the development of certain respiratory diseases, and neonatal overfeeding results in an early onset of obesity in adulthood. However, the influence of neonatal overfeeding on respiratory diseases has rarely been studied. Therefore, this paper is aimed at investigating the effect of neonatal overfeeding on airway responsiveness and inflammation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The neonatal overfeeding was induced by reducing litter size to three pups per litter (small litter, SL) in contrast to the normal litter size with ten pups per litter (NL) on postnatal day 3 (P3) in male ICR mice. On P21, mice were weaned to standard chow diet. Airway responsiveness to methacholine was measured either on P21 or P150. Total and classified inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted, lung inflammatory cells were evaluated through staining with hematoxylin & eosin and F4/80 immunohistochemistry; lung fibrosis was evaluated through staining with Masson and α-SAM immunohistochemistry. Leptin levels in serum were measured by RIA; TNF-α levels in serum and BALF were quantified by ELISA; mRNA levels of TNF-α, CTGF and TGF-β1 in lung tissues were measured using real-time PCR. Mice from SL exhibited accelerated body weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance and hyperleptinemia. Enhanced airway responsiveness to methacholine was observed in SL mice on P150, but not on P21. Pulmonary inflammation was evident in SL mice on P150, as reflected by inflammatory cells especially macrophages around bronchi and interstitium. BALF and serum TNF-α levels and lung TNF-α mRNA expression were significantly increased in SL mice on P150. More collagen accumulated surrounding the bronchi on P150; lung mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF were also increased on P150. CONCLUSION In addition to inducing a variety of metabolic defects, neonatal overfeeding enhanced lung inflammation, which may lead to airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongjuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daochao Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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