1
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Atawia IM, Kushwaha PP, Verma S, Lin S, Shankar E, Abdel-Gawad O, Gupta S. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway overcomes therapeutic resistance to abiraterone in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1312-1324. [PMID: 37232341 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate has been clinically approved for the treatment of patients with advanced-stage prostate cancer. It reduces testosterone production by blocking the enzyme cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase. Despite improved survival outcomes with abiraterone, almost all patients develop therapeutic resistance and disease recurrence, progressing to a more aggressive and lethal phenotype. Bioinformatics analyses predicted activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and involvement of stem cell plasticity in abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer. Increased expression of androgen receptor (AR) and β-catenin and their crosstalk causes activation of AR target genes and regulatory networks for which overcoming acquired resistance remains a major challenge. Here we show that co-treatment with abiraterone and ICG001, a β-catenin inhibitor, overcomes therapeutic resistance and significantly inhibited markers of stem cell and cellular proliferation in abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer cells. Importantly, this combined treatment abrogated the association between AR and β-catenin; diminished SOX9 expression from the complex more prominently in abiraterone-resistant cells. In addition, combined treatment inhibited tumor growth in an in vivo abiraterone-resistant xenograft model, blocked stemness, migration, invasion, and colony formation ability of cancer cells. This study opens new therapeutic opportunity for advanced-stage castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Atawia
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Urology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Prem P Kushwaha
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, The Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, The Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Spencer Lin
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eswar Shankar
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, The Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, The Urology Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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2
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Dankert JT, Wiesehöfer M, Czyrnik ED, Singer BB, von Ostau N, Wennemuth G. The deregulation of miR-17/CCND1 axis during neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200472. [PMID: 30001402 PMCID: PMC6042731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma contain foci of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation, resulting in an increase of androgen-independent neuroendocrine-like (NE) tumor cells, whose number significantly correlates with tumor aggressiveness and thus lower survival rate. Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of prostate cancer cells and a potential role of miRNAs within this process are poorly understood. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. The aim of this project was to identify new genes and miRNAs involved in neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. LNCaP prostate cancer cells were differentiated to NE-like cancer cells and microarray analyses were performed. Microarray results have been validated for the eight most deregulated mRNAs and microRNAs via qRT-PCR and analyzed with different algorithms to predict new targets for deregulated microRNAs. The induced CyclinD1 gene could be validated as new target gene for the repressed miR-17 family containing miR-17, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-106a and miR-106b via reporter gene assays and Western Blot. Functional analysis of miR-17 family shows a high influence on cell proliferation, colony forming ability and apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Our data demonstrate wide changes in mRNA and microRNA expression during neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of LNCaP cells and confirm new mRNA-miRNA interactions with potential roles in NE-transdifferentiation of prostate carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Thomas Dankert
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marc Wiesehöfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Dilara Czyrnik
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard B. Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicola von Ostau
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Essen, Germany
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, Duisburg-Essen University, Essen, Germany
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3
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Augello MA, Berman-Booty LD, Carr R, Yoshida A, Dean JL, Schiewer MJ, Feng FY, Tomlins SA, Gao E, Koch WJ, Benovic JL, Diehl JA, Knudsen KE. Consequence of the tumor-associated conversion to cyclin D1b. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:628-47. [PMID: 25787974 PMCID: PMC4492821 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that cyclin D1b, a variant of cyclin D1, is associated with tumor progression and poor outcome. However, the underlying molecular basis was unknown. Here, novel models were created to generate a genetic switch from cyclin D1 to cyclin D1b. Extensive analyses uncovered overlapping but non-redundant functions of cyclin D1b compared to cyclin D1 on developmental phenotypes, and illustrated the importance of the transcriptional regulatory functions of cyclin D1b in vivo. Data obtained identify cyclin D1b as an oncogene, wherein cyclin D1b expression under the endogenous promoter induced cellular transformation and further cooperated with known oncogenes to promote tumor growth in vivo. Further molecular interrogation uncovered unexpected links between cyclin D1b and the DNA damage/PARP1 regulatory networks, which could be exploited to suppress cyclin D1b-driven tumors. Collectively, these data are the first to define the consequence of cyclin D1b expression on normal cellular function, present evidence for cyclin D1b as an oncogene, and provide pre-clinical evidence of effective methods to thwart growth of cells dependent upon this oncogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Augello
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa D Berman-Booty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Carr
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffry L Dean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Pharmacology & Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Pharmacology & Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Alan Diehl
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Tsaur I, Hudak L, Makarević J, Juengel E, Mani J, Borgmann H, Gust KM, Schilling D, Bartsch G, Nelson K, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Intensified antineoplastic effect by combining an HDAC-inhibitor, an mTOR-inhibitor and low dosed interferon alpha in prostate cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1795-804. [PMID: 25808196 PMCID: PMC4549030 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) eventually develop metastatic disease, which progresses to castration resistance, despite initial response to androgen deprivation. As anticancer therapy has become increasingly effective, acquired drug resistance has emerged, limiting efficacy. Combination treatment, utilizing different drug classes, exemplifies a possible strategy to foil resistance development. The effects of the triple application of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus and low dosed interferon alpha (IFNα) on PCa cell growth and dissemination capacity were investigated. For that purpose, the human PCa cell lines, PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP were treated with the combined regimen or separate single agents. Cell growth was investigated by the MTT dye reduction assay. Flow cytometry served to analyse cell cycle progression. Adhesion to vascular endothelium or immobilized collagen, fibronectin and laminin was quantified. Migration and invasion characteristics were determined by the modified Boyden chamber assay. Integrin α and β subtypes were investigated by flow cytometry, western blotting and RT-PCR. Integrin related signalling, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFr), Akt, p70S6kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 activation were also assessed. The triple application of VPA, everolimus and low dosed IFNα blocked tumour cell growth and dissemination significantly better than any agent alone. Antitumour effects were associated with pronounced alteration in the cell cycle machinery, intracellular signalling and integrin expression profile. Combining VPA, everolimus and low dosed IFNα might be a promising option to counteract resistance development and improve outcome in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukasz Hudak
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jasmina Makarević
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Mani
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik Borgmann
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kilian M Gust
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David Schilling
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Bartsch
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen Nelson
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Felgueiras J, Fardilha M. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1-interacting proteins as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. World J Pharmacol 2014; 3:120-139. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v3.i4.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major public health concern worldwide, being one of the most prevalent cancers in men. Great improvements have been made both in terms of early diagnosis and therapeutics. However, there is still an urgent need for reliable biomarkers that could overcome the lack of cancer-specificity of prostate-specific antigen, as well as alternative therapeutic targets for advanced metastatic cases. Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is a post-translational modification critical to the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PPP1) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase, whose specificity is determined by its interacting proteins. These interactors can be PPP1 substrates, regulators, or even both. Deregulation of this protein-protein interaction network alters cell dynamics and underlies the development of several cancer hallmarks. Therefore, the identification of PPP1 interactome in specific cellular context is of crucial importance. The knowledge on PPP1 complexes in prostate cancer remains scarce, with only 4 holoenzymes characterized in human prostate cancer models. However, an increasing number of PPP1 interactors have been identified as expressed in human prostate tissue, including the tumor suppressors TP53 and RB1. Efforts should be made in order to identify the role of such proteins in prostate carcinogenesis, since only 26 have yet well-recognized roles. Here, we revise literature and human protein databases to provide an in-depth knowledge on the biological significance of PPP1 complexes in human prostate carcinogenesis and their potential use as therapeutic targets for the development of new therapies for prostate cancer.
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6
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Thangavel C, Boopathi E, Ciment S, Liu Y, O'Neill R, Sharma A, McMahon SB, Mellert H, Addya S, Ertel A, Birbe R, Fortina P, Dicker AP, Knudsen KE, Den RB. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor modulates DNA repair and radioresponsiveness. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5468-5482. [PMID: 25165096 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perturbations in the retinoblastoma pathway are over-represented in advanced prostate cancer; retinoblastoma loss promotes bypass of first-line hormone therapy. Conversely, preliminary studies suggested that retinoblastoma-deficient tumors may become sensitized to a subset of DNA-damaging agents. Here, the molecular and in vivo consequence of retinoblastoma status was analyzed in models of clinical relevance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Experimental work was performed with multiple isogenic prostate cancer cell lines (hormone sensitive: LNCaP and LAPC4 cells and hormone resistant C42, 22Rv1 cells; stable knockdown of retinoblastoma using shRNA). Multiple mechanisms were interrogated including cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair. Transcriptome analysis was performed, validated, and mechanisms discerned. Cell survival was measured using clonogenic cell survival assay and in vivo analysis was performed in nude mice with human derived tumor xenografts. RESULTS Loss of retinoblastoma enhanced the radioresponsiveness of both hormone-sensitive and castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation was not mediated by cell cycle or p53. Retinoblastoma loss led to alteration in DNA damage repair and activation of the NF-κB pathway and subsequent cellular apoptosis through PLK3. In vivo xenografts of retinoblastoma-deficient tumors exhibited diminished tumor mass, lower PSA kinetics, and decreased tumor growth after treatment with ionizing radiation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Loss of retinoblastoma confers increased radiosensitivity in prostate cancer. This hypersensitization was mediated by alterations in apoptotic signaling. Combined, these not only provide insight into the molecular consequence of retinoblastoma loss, but also credential retinoblastoma status as a putative biomarker for predicting response to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettickan Boopathi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Glenolden, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steve Ciment
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymond O'Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steve B McMahon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hestia Mellert
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sankar Addya
- Cancer Genomics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Ertel
- Cancer Genomics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruth Birbe
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Cancer Genomics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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O’Sullivan CC, Moon DH, Kohn EC, Lee JM. Beyond Breast and Ovarian Cancers: PARP Inhibitors for BRCA Mutation-Associated and BRCA-Like Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2014; 4:42. [PMID: 24616882 PMCID: PMC3937815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown clinical activity in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCAm)-associated breast and ovarian cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that PARPi may have a wider application in the treatment of cancers defective in DNA damage repair pathways, such as prostate, lung, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers. Several PARPi are currently in phase I/II clinical investigation, as single-agents and/or combination therapy in these solid tumors. Understanding more about the molecular abnormalities involved in BRCA-like phenotype in solid tumors beyond breast and ovarian cancers, exploring novel therapeutic trial strategies and drug combinations, and defining potential predictive biomarkers are critical to expanding the scope of PARPi therapy. This will improve clinical outcome in advanced solid tumors. Here, we briefly review the preclinical data and clinical development of PARPi, and discuss its future development in solid tumors beyond gBRCAm-associated breast and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara C. O’Sullivan
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dominic H. Moon
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise C. Kohn
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Abstract
The G1 cyclins play a pivotal role in regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation. The mechanisms underlying their cell-specific roles are incompletely understood. Here, we show that a G1 cyclin, cyclin D2 (CycD2), enhances the activity of transcription factor GATA4, a key regulator of cardiomyocyte growth and differentiation. GATA4 recruits CycD2 to its target promoters, and their interaction results in synergistic activation of GATA-dependent transcription. This effect is specific to CycD2 because CycD1 is unable to potentiate activity of GATA4 and is CDK-independent. GATA4 physically interacts with CycD2 through a discreet N-terminal activation domain that is essential for the cardiogenic activity of GATA4. Human mutations in this domain that are linked to congenital heart disease interfere with CycD2-GATA4 synergy. Cardiogenesis assays in Xenopus embryos indicate that CycD2 enhances the cardiogenic function of GATA4. Together, our data uncover a role for CycD2 as a cardiogenic coactivator of GATA4 and suggest a paradigm for cell-specific effects of cyclin Ds.
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9
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Ju X, Casimiro MC, Gormley M, Meng H, Jiao X, Katiyar S, Crosariol M, Chen K, Wang M, Quong AA, Lisanti MP, Ertel A, Pestell RG. Identification of a cyclin D1 network in prostate cancer that antagonizes epithelial-mesenchymal restraint. Cancer Res 2013; 74:508-19. [PMID: 24282282 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Improved clinical management of prostate cancer has been impeded by an inadequate understanding of molecular genetic elements governing tumor progression. Gene signatures have provided improved prognostic indicators of human prostate cancer. The TGF-β/BMP-SMAD4 signaling pathway, which induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is known to constrain prostate cancer progression induced by Pten deletion. Herein, cyclin D1 inactivation reduced cellular proliferation in the murine prostate in vivo and in isogenic oncogene-transformed prostate cancer cell lines. The in vivo cyclin D1-mediated molecular signature predicted poor outcome of recurrence-free survival for patients with prostate cancer (K-means HR, 3.75, P = 0.02) and demonstrated that endogenous cyclin D1 restrains TGF-β, Snail, Twist, and Goosecoid signaling. Endogenous cyclin D1 enhanced Wnt and ES cell gene expression and expanded a prostate stem cell population. In chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, cyclin D1 occupied genes governing stem cell expansion and induced their transcription. The coordination of EMT restraining and stem cell expanding gene expression by cyclin D1 in the prostate may contribute to its strong prognostic value for poor outcome in biochemical-free recurrence in human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ju
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Augello MA, Ostrander WF, Knudsen KE. Beyond the Cell Cycle: Implications of D-type Cyclin Deregulation in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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11
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Schiewer MJ, Goodwin JF, Han S, Brenner JC, Augello MA, Dean JL, Liu F, Planck JL, Ravindranathan P, Chinnaiyan AM, McCue P, Gomella LG, Raj GV, Dicker AP, Brody JR, Pascal JM, Centenera MM, Butler LM, Tilley WD, Feng FY, Knudsen KE. Dual roles of PARP-1 promote cancer growth and progression. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:1134-49. [PMID: 22993403 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED PARP-1 is an abundant nuclear enzyme that modifies substrates by poly(ADP-ribose)-ylation. PARP-1 has well-described functions in DNA damage repair and also functions as a context-specific regulator of transcription factors. With multiple models, data show that PARP-1 elicits protumorigenic effects in androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cells, in both the presence and absence of genotoxic insult. Mechanistically, PARP-1 is recruited to sites of AR function, therein promoting AR occupancy and AR function. It was further confirmed in genetically defined systems that PARP-1 supports AR transcriptional function, and that in models of advanced prostate cancer, PARP-1 enzymatic activity is enhanced, further linking PARP-1 to AR activity and disease progression. In vivo analyses show that PARP-1 activity is required for AR function in xenograft tumors, as well as tumor cell growth in vivo and generation and maintenance of castration resistance. Finally, in a novel explant system of primary human tumors, targeting PARP-1 potently suppresses tumor cell proliferation. Collectively, these studies identify novel functions of PARP-1 in promoting disease progression, and ultimately suggest that the dual functions of PARP-1 can be targeted in human prostate cancer to suppress tumor growth and progression to castration resistance. SIGNIFICANCE These studies introduce a paradigm shift with regard to PARP-1 function in human malignancy, and suggest that the dual functions of PARP-1 in DNA damage repair and transcription factor regulation can be leveraged to suppress pathways critical for promalignant phenotypes in prostate cancer cells by modulation of the DNA damage response and hormone signaling pathways. The combined studies highlight the importance of dual PARP-1 function in malignancy and provide the basis for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schiewer
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Schiewer MJ, Augello MA, Knudsen KE. The AR dependent cell cycle: mechanisms and cancer relevance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 352:34-45. [PMID: 21782001 PMCID: PMC3641823 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells are exquisitely dependent on androgen receptor (AR) activity for proliferation and survival. As these functions are critical targets of therapeutic intervention for human disease, it is imperative to delineate the mechanisms by which AR engages the cell cycle engine. More than a decade of research has revealed that elegant intercommunication between AR and the cell cycle machinery governs receptor-dependent cellular proliferation, and that perturbations in this process occur frequently in human disease. Here, AR-cell cycle interplay and associated cancer relevance will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Schiewer
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael A. Augello
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karen E. Knudsen
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Corresponding author at: Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Tel.: +1 215 503 8574 (office)/+1 215 503 8573 (lab). (K.E. Knudsen)
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13
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Musgrove EA, Caldon CE, Barraclough J, Stone A, Sutherland RL. Cyclin D as a therapeutic target in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2011; 11:558-72. [PMID: 21734724 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1018] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin D1, and to a lesser extent the other D-type cyclins, is frequently deregulated in cancer and is a biomarker of cancer phenotype and disease progression. The ability of these cyclins to activate the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) CDK4 and CDK6 is the most extensively documented mechanism for their oncogenic actions and provides an attractive therapeutic target. Is this an effective means of targeting the cyclin D oncogenes, and how might the patient subgroups that are most likely to benefit be identified?
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Musgrove
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
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Zhang Y, Kim KH, Zhang W, Guo Y, Kim SH, Lü J. Galbanic acid decreases androgen receptor abundance and signaling and induces G1 arrest in prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:200-12. [PMID: 21328348 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is crucial for the genesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). We compared the growth responses of AR(+) LNCaP and LNCaP C4-2 vs. AR(-) DU145 and PC-3 PCa cell lines to galbanic acid (GBA) isolated from the resin of medicinal herb Ferula assafoetida and assessed their connection to AR signaling and cell cycle regulatory pathways. Our results showed that GBA preferentially suppressed AR(+) PCa cell growth than AR(-) PCa cells. GBA induced a caspase-mediated apoptosis that was attenuated by a general caspase inhibitor. Subapoptotic GBA downregulated AR protein in LNCaP cells primarily through promoting its proteasomal degradation, and inhibited AR-dependent transcription without affecting AR nuclear translocation. Whereas docking simulations predicted binding of GBA to the AR ligand binding domain with similarities and differences with the AR antagonist drug bicalutamide (Bic), LNCaP cell culture assays did not detect agonist activity of GBA. GBA and Bic exerted greater than additive inhibitory effect on cell growth when used together. Subapoptotic GBA induced G(1) arrest associated with an inhibition of cyclin/CDK4/6 pathway, especially cyclin D(1) without the causal involvement of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitory proteins P21(Cip1) and P27(Kip1) . In summary, the novelty of GBA as an anti-AR compound resides in the distinction between GBA and Bic with respect to AR protein turnover and a lack of agonist effect. Our observations of anti-AR and cell cycle arrest actions plus the anti-angiogenesis effect reported elsewhere suggest GBA as a multitargeting drug candidate for the prevention and therapy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
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Lavery DN, Villaronga MA, Walker MM, Patel A, Belandia B, Bevan CL. Repression of androgen receptor activity by HEYL, a third member of the Hairy/Enhancer-of-split-related family of Notch effectors. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17796-808. [PMID: 21454491 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.198655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hairy/Enhancer-of-split-related with YRPW-like motif (HEY) family of proteins are transcriptional repressors and downstream effectors of Notch signaling. We previously reported that HEY1 and HEY2 selectively repress androgen receptor (AR) signaling in mammalian cell lines and have shown that in human tissue HEY1 is excluded from the nuclei in prostate cancer but not benign prostatic hyperplasia. We have now characterized a third member of this family, HEYL, which is a more potent repressor of AR activity. HEYL interacted with and repressed AR activation function-1 domain and competitively inhibited SRC1e activation of AR transcriptional activity. Using a cell line inducibly expressing exogenous HEYL, we showed that HEYL represses endogenous AR-regulated genes and reduces androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell growth. Using a trans-repression assay, we identified both trichostatin-sensitive and -insensitive domains within HEYL; however, analysis of endogenous AR target genes suggested that HEYL represses AR activity through histone deacetylase I/II-independent mechanisms. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue indicated that, in a fashion similar to that previously reported for HEY1, HEYL is excluded from the nuclei in prostate cancer but not adjacent benign tissue. This suggests that nuclear exclusion of HEY proteins may be an important step in the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek N Lavery
- Androgen Signalling Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Tchakarska G, Roussel M, Troussard X, Sola B. Cyclin D1 inhibits mitochondrial activity in B cells. Cancer Res 2011; 71:1690-9. [PMID: 21343394 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is a cell cycle regulatory protein that acts at the G1-S transition, following its binding to and activation by the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 or 6. Cyclin D1 is absent from the entire B-cell lineage but is present in a large percentage of 2 types of malignant B-cell hemopathy--mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma--suggesting a major role of this protein in the malignancy process. We show here, in an experimental model of cyclin D1 fusion protein transduction in mature B cells, that, cyclin D1 inhibits total mitochondrial activity. Cyclin D1 is localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane, bound to a voltage-dependent anion channel through its central domain, and it competes with hexokinase 2 for binding to this channel. The bound cyclin D1 decreases the supply of ADP, ATP, and metabolites, thereby reducing energy production. This function of cyclin D1 was also reported by others in normal and transformed mammary epithelial cells, suggesting that it may be ubiquitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guergana Tchakarska
- Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Signalisation, EA 3919, UFR de médecine, IFR 146, Université de Caen, Caen, France
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Comstock CES, Augello MA, Schiewer MJ, Karch J, Burd CJ, Ertel A, Knudsen ES, Jessen WJ, Aronow BJ, Knudsen KE. Cyclin D1 is a selective modifier of androgen-dependent signaling and androgen receptor function. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:8117-8127. [PMID: 21212260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.170720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
D-type cyclins regulate cellular outcomes in part through cyclin-dependent, kinase-independent mechanisms that modify transcription factor action, and recent in vivo studies showed that cyclin D1 associates with a large number of transcriptional regulators in cells of the retina and breast. Given the frequency of cyclin D1 alterations in cancer, it is imperative to delineate the molecular mechanisms by which cyclin D1 controls key transcription factor networks in human disease. Prostate cancer was used as a paradigm because this tumor type is reliant at all stages of the disease on androgen receptor (AR) signaling, and cyclin D1 has been shown to negatively modulate AR-dependent expression of prostate-specific antigen (KLK3/PSA). Strategies were employed to control cyclin D1 expression under conditions of hormone depletion, and the effect of cyclin D1 on subsequent androgen-dependent gene expression was determined using unbiased gene expression profiling. Modulating cyclin D1 conferred widespread effects on androgen signaling and revealed cyclin D1 to be a selective effector of hormone action. A subset of androgen-induced target genes, known to be directly regulated by AR, was strongly suppressed by cyclin D1. Analyses of AR occupancy at target gene regulatory loci of clinical relevance demonstrated that cyclin D1 limits AR residence after hormone stimulation. Together, these findings reveal a new function for cyclin D1 in controlling hormone-dependent transcriptional outcomes and demonstrate a pervasive role for cyclin D1 in regulating transcription factor dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jason Karch
- the Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
| | - Craig J Burd
- NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Adam Ertel
- From the Kimmel Cancer Center,; Department of Cancer Biology
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- From the Kimmel Cancer Center,; Department of Cancer Biology
| | - Walter J Jessen
- the Covance Biomarker Center of Excellence, Greenfield, Indiana 46140, and
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- From the Kimmel Cancer Center,; Department of Cancer Biology,; Department of Urology, and; Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107,.
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Inhibition of proliferation induced by cyclin D1 gene silence in human renal carcinoma ACHN cells. Chin J Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-010-0316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Knudsen KE, Scher HI. Starving the addiction: new opportunities for durable suppression of AR signaling in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4792-8. [PMID: 19638458 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical data and models of human disease indicate that androgen receptor (AR) activity is essential for prostate cancer development, growth, and progression. The dependence of prostatic adenocarcinoma on AR signaling at all stages of disease has thereby been exploited in the treatment of disseminated tumors, for which ablation of AR function is the goal of first-line therapy. Although these strategies are initially effective, recurrent tumors arise with restored AR activity, and no durable treatment has yet been identified to combat this stage of disease. New insights into AR regulation and the mechanisms underlying resurgent AR activity have provided fertile ground for the development of novel strategies to more effectively inhibit receptor activity and prolong the transition to therapeutic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Knudsen
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Urology, and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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