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Stuckel AJ, Khare T, Bissonnette M, Khare S. Aberrant regulation of CXCR4 in cancer via deviant microRNA-targeted interactions. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2318-2331. [PMID: 36047714 PMCID: PMC9665135 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2118947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is involved in many facets of cancer, including being a major player in establishing metastasis. This is in part due to the deregulation of CXCR4, which can be attributed to many genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, including aberrant microRNA-CXCR4 interaction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNA that primarily targets the 3' UTR of mRNA transcripts, which in turn suppresses mRNA and subsequent protein expression. In this review, we reported and characterized the many aberrant miRNA-CXCR4 interactions that occur throughout human cancers. In particular, we reported known target sequences located on the 3' UTR of CXCR4 transcripts that tumour suppressor miRNAs bind and therefore regulate expression by. From these aberrant interactions, we also documented affected downstream genes/pathways and whether a particular tumour suppressor miRNA was reported as a prognostic marker in its respected cancer type. In addition, a limited number of cancer-causing miRNAs coined 'oncomirs' were reported and described in relation to CXCR4 regulation. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying both tumour suppressor and oncomir deregulations concerning CXCR4 expression were also explored. Furthermore, the miR-146a-CXCR4 axis was delineated in oncoviral infected endothelial cells in the context of virus-causing cancers. Lastly, miRNA-driven therapies and CXCR4 antagonist drugs were discussed as potential future treatment options in reported cancers pertaining to deregulated miRNA-CXCR4 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei J. Stuckel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
| | - Tripti Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il60637, USA
| | - Sharad Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri65201, USA
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2
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Muwonge H, Kasujja H, Niyonzima N, Atugonza C, Kasolo J, Lugaajju A, Nfambi J, Fred SL, Damani AM, Kimuli I, Zavuga R, Nakazzi F, Kigozi E, Nakanjako D, Kateete DP, Bwanga F. Unique circulating microRNA profiles in epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 7:114-122. [PMID: 35570854 PMCID: PMC9065625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) causes Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Kaposi sarcoma in HIV/AIDS patients is referred to as epidemic KS and is the most common HIV-related malignancy worldwide. The lack of a diagnostic assay to detect latent and early-stage disease has increased disease morbidity and mortality. Serum miRNAs have previously been used as potential biomarkers of normal physiology and disease. In the current study, we profiled unique serum miRNAs in patients with epidemic KS to generate baseline data to aid in developing a miRNA-based noninvasive biomarker assay for epidemic KS. Methods This was a comparative cross-sectional study involving 27 patients with epidemic KS and 27 HIV-positive adults with no prior diagnosis or clinical manifestation of KS. DNA and RNA were isolated from blood and serum collected from study participants. Nested PCR for circulating HHV-8 DNA was performed on the isolated DNA, whereas miRNA library preparation and sequencing for circulating miRNA were performed on the RNA samples. The miRge2 pipeline and EdgeR were used to analyse the sequencing data. Results Fifteen out of the 27 epidemic KS-positive subjects (55.6%) tested positive for HHV-8 DNA, whereas only 3 (11.1%) out of the 27 HIV-positive, KS-negative subjects tested positive for HHV-8 DNA. Additionally, we found a unique miRNA expression signature in 49 circulating miRNAs in epidemic KS subjects compared to subjects with no epidemic KS, with 41 miRNAs upregulated and 8 miRNAs downregulated. Subjects with latent KS infection had a differential upregulation of circulating miR-193a compared to HIV-positive, KS-negative subjects for whom circulating HHV-8 DNA was not detected. Further analysis of serum from epidemic KS patients revealed a miRNA signature according to KS tumor status and time since first HIV diagnosis. Conclusions This study reveals unique circulating miRNA profiles in the serum of patients with epidemic KS versus HIV-infected subjects with no KS, as well as in subjects with latent KS. Many of the dysregulated miRNAs in epidemic KS patients were previously reported to have crucial roles in KS infection and latency, highlighting their promising roles as potential biomarkers of latent or active KS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Muwonge
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU), Uganda
| | - Hassan Kasujja
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nixon Niyonzima
- Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI)-Fred Hutch Collaboration, P. O Box 3935, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carolyne Atugonza
- Medical and Molecular Laboratories, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Josephine Kasolo
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Allan Lugaajju
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joshua Nfambi
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sembajwe Larry Fred
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ali Moses Damani
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ivan Kimuli
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Zavuga
- Uganda Peoples Defence forces (UPDF), P. O Box 123, Bombo, Uganda
| | - Faith Nakazzi
- Medical and Molecular Laboratories, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edgar Kigozi
- Medical and Molecular Laboratories, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Damalie Nakanjako
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Patrick Kateete
- Medical and Molecular Laboratories, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Freddie Bwanga
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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3
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Pogue AI, Lukiw WJ. microRNA-146a-5p, Neurotropic Viral Infection and Prion Disease (PrD). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179198. [PMID: 34502105 PMCID: PMC8431499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain and central nervous system (CNS) harbor a select sub-group of potentially pathogenic microRNAs (miRNAs), including a well-characterized NF-kB-sensitive Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miRNA-146a-5p (miRNA-146a). miRNA-146a is significantly over-expressed in progressive and often lethal viral- and prion-mediated and related neurological syndromes associated with progressive inflammatory neurodegeneration. These include ~18 different viral-induced encephalopathies for which data are available, at least ~10 known prion diseases (PrD) of animals and humans, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other sporadic and progressive age-related neurological disorders. Despite the apparent lack of nucleic acids in prions, both DNA- and RNA-containing viruses along with prions significantly induce miRNA-146a in the infected host, but whether this represents part of the host’s adaptive immunity, innate-immune response or a mechanism to enable the invading prion or virus a successful infection is not well understood. Current findings suggest an early and highly interactive role for miRNA-146a: (i) as a major small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) regulator of innate-immune responses and inflammatory signaling in cells of the human brain and CNS; (ii) as a critical component of the complement system and immune-related neurological dysfunction; (iii) as an inducible sncRNA of the brain and CNS that lies at a critical intersection of several important neurobiological adaptive immune response processes with highly interactive associations involving complement factor H (CFH), Toll-like receptor pathways, the innate-immunity, cytokine production, apoptosis and neural cell decline; and (iv) as a potential biomarker for viral infection, TSE and AD and other neurological diseases in both animals and humans. In this report, we review the recent data supporting the idea that miRNA-146a may represent a novel and unique sncRNA-based biomarker for inflammatory neurodegeneration in multiple species. This paper further reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the nature and mechanism of miRNA-146a in viral and prion infection of the human brain and CNS with reference to AD wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Choi YB, Cousins E, Nicholas J. Novel Functions and Virus-Host Interactions Implicated in Pathogenesis and Replication of Human Herpesvirus 8. Recent Results Cancer Res 2021; 217:245-301. [PMID: 33200369 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57362-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is classified as a γ2-herpesvirus and is related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a γ1-herpesvirus. One important aspect of the γ-herpesviruses is their association with neoplasia, either naturally or in animal model systems. HHV-8 is associated with B-cell-derived primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), endothelial-derived Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). EBV is also associated with a number of B-cell malignancies, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, in addition to epithelial nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas. Despite the similarities between these viruses and their associated malignancies, the particular protein functions and activities involved in key aspects of virus biology and neoplastic transformation appear to be quite distinct. Indeed, HHV-8 specifies a number of proteins for which counterparts had not previously been identified in EBV, other herpesviruses, or even viruses in general, and these proteins are believed to play vital functions in virus biology and to be involved centrally in viral pathogenesis. Additionally, a set of microRNAs encoded by HHV-8 appears to modulate the expression of multiple host proteins to provide conditions conductive to virus persistence within the host and possibly contributing to HHV-8-induced neoplasia. Here, we review the molecular biology underlying these novel virus-host interactions and their potential roles in both virus biology and virus-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bong Choi
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Emily Cousins
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - John Nicholas
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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5
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The interplay between EBV and KSHV viral products and NF-κB pathway in oncogenesis. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:62. [PMID: 33072180 PMCID: PMC7559203 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the DNA tumor viruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), account for a considerable percentage of virus-associated cancers. Deregulation of transcription factors signaling pathways is one of the most significant oncogenic characteristics of EBV and KSHV. NF-κB is a transcription factor that play a remarkable role in oncogenesis because of its function as a master regulator of a spectrum of genes involved in physiological and pathophysiological process. Constitutive activation of NF-κB is a frequent and well-described event in many human malignancies. Compelling evidence represent EBV and KSHV are capable of targeting different components of NF-κB cascade. Here, we summarized recent findings to clarify the precise relationship between dysregulation of NF-κB and EBV and KSHV-related malignancies. This essay also emphasizes on contribution of various viral products in developing cancer through alteration of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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6
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Identification of a novel signaling complex containing host chemokine receptor CXCR4, Interleukin-10 receptor, and human cytomegalovirus US27. Virology 2020; 548:49-58. [PMID: 32838946 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread herpesvirus that establishes latency in myeloid cells and persists by manipulating immune signaling. Chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 regulate movement of myeloid progenitors into bone marrow and out into peripheral tissues. HCMV amplifies CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling through viral chemokine receptor US27 and cmvIL-10, a viral cytokine that binds the cellular IL-10 receptor (IL-10R), but precisely how these viral proteins influence CXCR4 is unknown. We used the proximity ligation assay (PLA) to examine association of CXCR4, IL-10R, and US27 in both transfected and HCMV-infected cells. CXCR4 and IL-10R colocalized to discrete clusters, and treatment with CXCL12 and cmvIL-10 dramatically increased receptor clustering and calcium flux. US27 was associated with CXCR4 and IL-10R in PLA clusters and further enhanced cluster formation and calcium signaling. These results indicate that CXCR4, IL-10R, and US27 form a novel virus-host signaling complex that enhances CXCL12 signaling during HCMV infection.
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7
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Nahand JS, Karimzadeh MR, Nezamnia M, Fatemipour M, Khatami A, Jamshidi S, Moghoofei M, Taghizadieh M, Hajighadimi S, Shafiee A, Sadeghian M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Mirzaei H. The role of miR-146a in viral infection. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:343-360. [PMID: 31889417 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified as a key player in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular-genes regulatory pathways. They also emerged as a significant regulator of the immune response. In particular, miR-146a acts as an importance modulator of function and differentiation cells of the innate and adaptive immunity. It has been associated with disorder including cancer and viral infections. Given its significance in the regulation of key cellular processes, it is not surprising which virus infection have found ways to dysregulation of miRNAs. miR-146a has been identified in exosomes (exosomal miR-146a). After the exosomes release from donor cells, they are taken up by the recipient cell and probably the exosomal miR-146a is able to modulate the antiviral response in the recipient cell and result in making them more susceptible to virus infection. In this review, we discuss recent reports regarding miR-146a expression levels, target genes, function, and contributing role in the pathogenesis of the viral infection and provide a clue to develop the new therapeutic and preventive strategies for viral disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Maria Nezamnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Maryam Fatemipour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sogol Jamshidi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarah Hajighadimi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alimohammad Shafiee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammad Sadeghian
- Orthopedic Surgeon Fellowship of Spine Surgery, Sasan General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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8
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Mapekula L, Ramorola BR, Goolam Hoosen T, Mowla S. The interplay between viruses & host microRNAs in cancer - An emerging role for HIV in oncogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 137:108-114. [PMID: 31014506 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancers attributed to viral infections represent a growing proportion of the global cancer burden, with these types of cancers being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in some regions. The concept that viruses play a causal role in human cancers is not new, but the mechanism thereof, while well described for some viruses, still remains elusive and complex for others, especially in the case of HIV-associated B-cell derived cancers. In the last decade, compelling evidence has demonstrated that cellular microRNAs are deregulated in cancers, with an increasing number of studies identifying microRNAs as potential biomarkers for human cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets or tools. Recent research demonstrates that viruses and viral components manipulate host microRNA expressions to their advantage, and the emerging picture suggests that the virus/microRNA pathway interaction is defined by a plethora of complex mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge on virus/microRNA pathway interactions in the context of cancer and provide new insights on HIV as an oncogenic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mapekula
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B R Ramorola
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Goolam Hoosen
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Mowla
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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9
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Bernier A, Sagan SM. The Diverse Roles of microRNAs at the Host⁻Virus Interface. Viruses 2018; 10:v10080440. [PMID: 30126238 PMCID: PMC6116274 DOI: 10.3390/v10080440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Through this activity, they are implicated in almost every cellular process investigated to date. Hence, it is not surprising that miRNAs play diverse roles in regulation of viral infections and antiviral responses. Diverse families of DNA and RNA viruses have been shown to take advantage of cellular miRNAs or produce virally encoded miRNAs that alter host or viral gene expression. MiRNA-mediated changes in gene expression have been demonstrated to modulate viral replication, antiviral immune responses, viral latency, and pathogenesis. Interestingly, viruses mediate both canonical and non-canonical interactions with miRNAs to downregulate specific targets or to promote viral genome stability, translation, and/or RNA accumulation. In this review, we focus on recent findings elucidating several key mechanisms employed by diverse virus families, with a focus on miRNAs at the host–virus interface during herpesvirus, polyomavirus, retroviruses, pestivirus, and hepacivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bernier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Selena M Sagan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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10
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Liu H, Yang X, Zhang ZK, Zou WC, Wang HN. miR-146a-5p promotes replication of infectious bronchitis virus by targeting IRAK2 and TNFRSF18. Microb Pathog 2018; 120:32-36. [PMID: 29702211 PMCID: PMC7126895 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus which infects chickens (Gallus gallus) of all ages and causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The present study aims to analyze the miRNAs related to pathogenicity of nephropathogenic IBVs. It was found that four miRNAs (miR-1454, miR-3538, miR-146a-5p and miR-215-5p) were related to the infection of virulent nephropathogenic IBV with transcript per million (TPM) > 500 and more than a 2-fold alteration. In vitro study results showed that the alterations of these four miRNAs were consistent with in vivo data. In vitro, we found that high levels of miR-146a-5p could enhance the replication of IBV at the early stage of infection, and its down regulated level could slow down the replication of IBV. Finally, high levels of exogenous miR-146a-5p in HD11 cells led to down regulation of IL-1 receptor associated kinase-2 (IRAK2) and Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 (TNFRSF18) genes. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-146a-5p could bind to the 3′-UTRs of IRAK2 and TNFRSF18. This is the first study demonstrating that IBV induced miR-146a-5p is related to virus pathogenesis by down regulating IRAK2 and TNFRSF18, which may serve as a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of IBV infections. It is proved that miR-146a-5p regulates the replication of IBV Beaudette strain in HD11 cells. The IRAK2 and TNFRSF18 genes in HD11 cells is the targeting inhibition by miR-146a-5p. The alterations of miR-1454, miR-3538, miR-146a-5p and miR-215-5p in HD11 cells were consistent with in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong-Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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11
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The Role of miRNAs in Virus-Mediated Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041217. [PMID: 29673190 PMCID: PMC5979478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, viruses are reported to be responsible for more than 15% of all tumors worldwide. The oncogenesis could be influenced directly by the activity of viral oncoproteins or by the chronic infection or inflammation. The group of human oncoviruses includes Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) or polyomaviruses, and transregulating retroviruses such as HIV or HTLV-1. Most of these viruses express short noncoding RNAs called miRNAs to regulate their own gene expression or to influence host gene expression and thus contribute to the carcinogenic processes. In this review, we will focus on oncogenic viruses and summarize the role of both types of miRNAs, viral as well as host’s, in the oncogenesis.
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12
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Dai L, Cao Y, Jiang W, Zabaleta J, Liu Z, Qiao J, Qin Z. KSHV co-infection down-regulates HPV16 E6 and E7 from cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35792-35803. [PMID: 28415759 PMCID: PMC5482618 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the etiological agent of some malignancies such as cervical, oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) represents a principal causative agent of several human cancers arising in those immunocompromised patients. Interestingly, KSHV DNA has been detected in the oral cavity and the female genital tract, although its detection rate in cervical samples is very low and few reports are about KSHV/HPV co-infection. Therefore, it remains unclear about the role of KSHV co-infection in the development of HPV-related neoplasias. In the current study, we report that HPV16-integrated cervical cancer cell-line SiHa is susceptible to KSHV latent infection and replication. We also have found that KSHV infection or viral latent proteins are capable of reducing HPV16 E6/E7 expression through the manipulation of cellular microRNA function. Array analysis indicates that KSHV infection induces some inflammatory cytokines/chemokines production as well as up-regulates a series of interferon-induced genes expression, which may facilitate host immune defense system attacking these co-infected cells and clearance of viruses. Together, our data have provided possible explanations for very low detection rate of KSHV shedding as well as of KSHV/HPV co-infection in cervical samples and/or cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Departments of Genetics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yueyu Cao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Departments of Genetics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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13
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Dysregulation of cellular microRNAs by human oncogenic viruses - Implications for tumorigenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:95-105. [PMID: 29378330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infection with certain animal and human viruses, often referred to as tumor viruses, induces oncogenic processes in their host. These viruses can induce tumorigenesis through direct and/or indirect mechanisms, and the regulation of microRNAs expression has been shown to play a key role in this process. Some human oncogenic viruses can express their own microRNAs; however, they all can dysregulate the expression of cellular microRNAs, facilitating their respective life cycles. The modulation of cellular microRNAs expression brings consequences to the host cells that may lead to malignant transformation, since microRNAs regulate the expression of genes involved in oncogenic pathways. This review focus on the mechanisms used by each human oncogenic virus to dysregulate the expression of cellular microRNAs, and their impact on tumorigenesis.
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14
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HPV16 E6 and E7 upregulate the histone lysine demethylase KDM2B through the c-MYC/miR-146a-5p axys. Oncogene 2018; 37:1654-1668. [PMID: 29335520 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is associated with the development of cervical cancer and a subset of anogenital and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Abnormal expression of cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in the development of cancer, including HPV-related tumors. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-146a-5p was down-regulated by E6 and, less efficiently, by E7 of high-risk HPV16 in keratinocytes and the presence of low levels of this miRNA in cervical carcinoma cell lines and in high-risk HPV-positive cervical specimens. Down-regulation of miR-146a-5p was mediated at least in part by the transcription repressor c-MYC, through binding sites in the miR-146a promoter. Overexpression of miR-146a-5p significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and cervical cancer cells. The histone demethylase KDM2B was validated as a new direct target of miR-146a-5p and two putative binding sites for miR-146a-5p were identified in its 3'UTR sequence. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that KDM2B was overexpressed in HPV16 E6/E7-positive keratinocytes, in cervical cancer cell lines, and in a subset of invasive cervical carcinomas and HPV-positive laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. In these tumors, KDM2B overexpression was associated with c-MYC copy number gain. In vitro, silencing of KDM2B inhibited proliferation of cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, this study identified a novel player, the hystone demethylase KDM2B, in HPV-mediated tumorigenesis. E6 and, less efficiently, E7 of high-risk HPV16 up-regulated KDM2B expression in human keratinocytes through a pathway involving overexpression of c-MYC, which in turn downregulated miR-146a-5p.
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15
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Cui L, Markou A, Stratton CW, Lianidou E. Diagnosis and Assessment of Microbial Infections with Host and Microbial MicroRNA Profiles. ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7119978 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95111-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by viral genome or host have been found participating in host-microbe interactions. Differential expression profiles of miRNAs were shown linking to specific disease pathologies which indicated its potency as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers of infectious disease. This was emphasized by the discovery of circulating miRNAs which were found to be remarkably stable in mammalian biofluids. Standardized methods of miRNA quantification including RNA isolation should be established before they will be ready for use in clinical practice.
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16
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Soares CT, Trombone APF, Fachin LRV, Rosa PS, Ghidella CC, Ramalho RF, Pinilla MG, Carvalho AF, Carrara DN, Soares FA, Belone AFF. Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in Leprosy Skin Lesions. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1035. [PMID: 28970833 PMCID: PMC5609578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is a major public health problem in poor and developing countries of the Americas, Africa, and Asia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNAs (18–24 nucleotides), play an important role in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis through translational downregulation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Deregulation of miRNA expression is important for the pathogenesis of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases and has been the focus of many publications; however, studies on the expression of miRNAs in leprosy are rare. Herein, an extensive evaluation of differentially expressed miRNAs was performed on leprosy skin lesions using microarrays. Leprosy patients, classified according to Ridley and Jopling’s classification or reactional states (R1 and R2), and healthy controls (HCs) were included. Punch biopsies were collected from the borders of leprosy lesions (10 tuberculoid, 10 borderline tuberculoid, 10 borderline borderline, 10 borderline lepromatous, 4 lepromatous, 14 R1, and 9 R2) and from 9 HCs. miRNA expression profiles were obtained using the Agilent Microarray platform with miRBase, which consists of 1,368 Homo sapiens (hsa)-miRNA candidates. TaqMan quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate differentially expressed miRNAs. Sixty-four differentially expressed miRNAs, including 50 upregulated and 14 downregulated (fold change ≥2.0, p-value ≤ 0.05) were identified after comparing samples from patients to those of controls. Twenty differentially expressed miRNAs were identified exclusively in the reactional samples (14 type 1 and 6 type 2). Eight miRNAs were validated by RT-PCR, including seven upregulated (hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-142-5p, hsa-miR-146b-5p, hsa-miR-342-3p, hsa-miR-361-3p, hsa-miR-3653, and hsa-miR-484) and one downregulated (hsa-miR-1290). These miRNAs were differentially expressed in leprosy and several other diseases, especially those related to the immune response. Moreover, the integration of analysis of validated mi/mRNAs obtained from the same samples allowed target pairs opposite expression pattern of hsa-miRNA-142-3p and AKR1B10, hsa-miRNA-342-3p and FAM180b, and hsa-miRNA-484 and FASN. This study identified several miRNAs that might play an important role in the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Moreover, these deregulated miRNAs and their respective signaling pathways might be useful as therapeutic markers, therapeutic targets, which could help in the development of drugs to treat leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleverson T Soares
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P F Trombone
- Department of Health Science, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana R V Fachin
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Rosa
- Division of Research and Education, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cássio C Ghidella
- Ambulatory of Leprosy, Jardim Guanabara Health Center, Rondonópolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Ramalho
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mabel G Pinilla
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Technology, School of Medicine, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alex F Carvalho
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dirce N Carrara
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Soares
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea F F Belone
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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miR-146a negatively regulates the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in response to Japanese encephalitis virus infection in microglial cells. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1495-1505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Wang J, Valiente-Soriano FJ, Nadal-Nicolás FM, Rovere G, Chen S, Huang W, Agudo-Barriuso M, Jonas JB, Vidal-Sanz M, Zhang X. MicroRNA regulation in an animal model of acute ocular hypertension. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e10-e21. [PMID: 27535721 PMCID: PMC6213559 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To analyse miRNA regulation in a rat model of acute ocular hypertension (AOH). Methods Acute ocular hypertension (AOH) was induced in the left eye of adult albino rats by inserting a cannula connected with a saline container into the anterior chamber. The contralateral eye served as a control. Seven days later, animals were killed. Retinas were used either for quantitative analysis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and microglial cells or for miRNA array hybridization, qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. Results Anatomically, AOH caused axonal degeneration, a significant loss of RGCs and a significant increase in microglial cells in the ganglion cell layer. The miRNAs microarray analysis revealed 31 differentially expressed miRNAs in the AOH versus control group, and the regulation of 12 selected microRNAs was further confirmed by qRT‐PCR. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that several signalling pathways are putatively regulated by the validated miRNAs. Of particular interest was the inflammatory pathway signalled by mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In agreement with the in silico analysis, p38 MAP kinase, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and iNOS proteins were significantly upregulated in the AOH retinas. Conclusions Acute IOP elevation led to changes in the expression of miRNAs, whose target genes were associated with the regulation of microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation or neural apoptosis. Addressing miRNAs in the process of retinal ischaemia and optic nerve damage in association with high IOP elevation may open new avenues in preventing retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and may serve as target for future therapeutic regimen in acute ocular hypertension and retinal ischaemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
- Eye Center of Shandong University; The Second Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Murcia and Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research-Hospital Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Murcia Spain
| | - Francisco M. Nadal-Nicolás
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Murcia and Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research-Hospital Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Murcia Spain
| | - Giuseppe Rovere
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Murcia and Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research-Hospital Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Murcia Spain
| | - Shida Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Murcia and Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research-Hospital Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Murcia Spain
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Murcia and Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research-Hospital Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Murcia Spain
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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19
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Li Y, Zheng G, Zhang Y, Yang X, Liu H, Chang H, Wang X, Zhao J, Wang C, Chen L. MicroRNA analysis in mouse neuro-2a cells after pseudorabies virus infection. J Neurovirol 2017; 23:430-440. [PMID: 28130759 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alpha herpesvirus can enter the mammalian nervous system, causing Aujezsky's disease. Previous studies have reported an alteration of microRNA (miRNA) expression levels during PRV infections. However, knowledge regarding miRNA response in nervous cells to PRV infection is still unknown. To address this issue, small RNA libraries from infected and uninfected mouse neuroblastoma cells were assessed after Illumina deep sequencing. A total of eight viral miRNA were identified, and ten host miRNAs showed significantly different expression upon PRV infection. Among these, five were analyzed by stem-loop RT-qPCR, which confirmed the above data. Interestingly, these viral miRNAs were mainly found in the large latency transcript region of PRV, and predicted to target a variety of genes, forming a complicated regulatory network. Moreover, ten cellular miRNAs were expressed differently upon PRV infection, including nine upregulated and one downregulated miRNAs. Host targets of these miRNAs obtained by bioinformatics analysis belonged to large signaling networks, mainly encompassing calcium signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and other nervous-associated pathways. These findings further highlighted miRNA features in nervous cells after PRV infection and contributed to unveil the underlying mechanisms of neurotropism as well as the neuropathogenesis of PRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guanmin Zheng
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongying Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongtao Chang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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20
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Onco-GPCR signaling and dysregulated expression of microRNAs in human cancer. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:87-96. [PMID: 27734836 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family is the largest family of cell-surface receptors involved in signal transduction. Aberrant expression of GPCRs and G proteins are frequently associated with prevalent human diseases, including cancer. In fact, GPCRs represent the therapeutic targets of more than a quarter of the clinical drugs currently on the market. MiRNAs (miRNAs) are also aberrantly expressed in many human cancers, and they have significant roles in the initiation, development and metastasis of human malignancies. Recent studies have revealed that dysregulation of miRNAs and their target genes expression are associated with cancer progression. The emerging information suggests that miRNAs play an important role in the fine tuning of many signaling pathways, including GPCR signaling. We summarize our current knowledge of the individual functions of miRNAs regulated by GPCRs and GPCR signaling-associated molecules, and miRNAs that regulate the expression and activity of GPCRs, their endogenous ligands and their coupled heterotrimeric G proteins in human cancer.
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21
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Desnoyer A, Dupin N, Assoumou L, Carlotti A, Gaudin F, Deback C, Peytavin G, Marcelin A, Boué F, Balabanian K, Pourcher V. Expression pattern of the CXCL12/CXCR4-CXCR7 trio in Kaposi sarcoma skin lesions. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1251-1262. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Desnoyer
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard; Département de Pharmaco-Toxicologie Clinique; Paris France
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology; INSERM; Université Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 92140 Clamart France
| | - N. Dupin
- Service de Dermatologie; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Groupe Hospitalier Cochin; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes; UMR1016; Paris France
- INSERM; UMR1016; Institut Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - L. Assoumou
- Université Sorbonne UPMC; Université Paris 06; UMRS1136; Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Paris France
- INSERM; UMRS1136; Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Paris France
| | - A. Carlotti
- Service d'Anatomopathologie; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Groupe Hospitalier Cochin; Paris France
| | - F. Gaudin
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology; INSERM; Université Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 92140 Clamart France
| | - C. Deback
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology; INSERM; Université Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 92140 Clamart France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Paul Brousse; Service de Virologie; Villejuif France
| | - G. Peytavin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard; Département de Pharmaco-Toxicologie Clinique; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; INSERM; IAME; UMR1137; Paris France
- INSERM; IAME; UMR1137; Paris France
| | - A.G. Marcelin
- Université Sorbonne UPMC; Université Paris 06; UMRS1136; Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Paris France
- INSERM; UMRS1136; Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Laboratoire de Virologie; Paris France
| | - F. Boué
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology; INSERM; Université Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 92140 Clamart France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Hôpital Antoine Béclère; Service de Médecine Interne; Clamart France
| | - K. Balabanian
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology; INSERM; Université Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 92140 Clamart France
| | - V. Pourcher
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology; INSERM; Université Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 92140 Clamart France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales; France Sorbonne Universités; UPMC; Université Paris 06; Paris France
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Piedade D, Azevedo-Pereira JM. The Role of microRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Herpesvirus Infection. Viruses 2016; 8:v8060156. [PMID: 27271654 PMCID: PMC4926176 DOI: 10.3390/v8060156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs important in gene regulation. They are able to regulate mRNA translation through base-pair complementarity. Cellular miRNAs have been involved in the regulation of nearly all cellular pathways, and their deregulation has been associated with several diseases such as cancer. Given the importance of microRNAs to cell homeostasis, it is no surprise that viruses have evolved to take advantage of this cellular pathway. Viruses have been reported to be able to encode and express functional viral microRNAs that target both viral and cellular transcripts. Moreover, viral inhibition of key proteins from the microRNA pathway and important changes in cellular microRNA pool have been reported upon viral infection. In addition, viruses have developed multiple mechanisms to avoid being targeted by cellular microRNAs. This complex interaction between host and viruses to control the microRNA pathway usually favors viral infection and persistence by either reducing immune detection, avoiding apoptosis, promoting cell growth, or promoting lytic or latent infection. One of the best examples of this virus-host-microRNA interplay emanates from members of the Herperviridae family, namely the herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), and the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). In this review, we will focus on the general functions of microRNAs and the interactions between herpesviruses, human hosts, and microRNAs and will delve into the related mechanisms that contribute to infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Piedade
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Unit, iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Unit, iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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23
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Purushothaman P, Dabral P, Gupta N, Sarkar R, Verma SC. KSHV Genome Replication and Maintenance. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:54. [PMID: 26870016 PMCID: PMC4740845 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is a major etiological agent for multiple severe malignancies in immune-compromised patients. KSHV establishes lifetime persistence in the infected individuals and displays two distinct life cycles, generally a prolonged passive latent, and a short productive or lytic cycle. During latent phase, the viral episome is tethered to the host chromosome and replicates once during every cell division. Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is a predominant multifunctional nuclear protein expressed during latency, which plays a central role in episome tethering, replication and perpetual segregation of the episomes during cell division. LANA binds cooperatively to LANA binding sites (LBS) within the terminal repeat (TR) region of the viral episome as well as to the cellular nucleosomal proteins to tether viral episome to the host chromosome. LANA has been shown to modulate multiple cellular signaling pathways and recruits various cellular proteins such as chromatin modifying enzymes, replication factors, transcription factors, and cellular mitotic framework to maintain a successful latent infection. Although, many other regions within the KSHV genome can initiate replication, KSHV TR is important for latent DNA replication and possible segregation of the replicated episomes. Binding of LANA to LBS favors the recruitment of various replication factors to initiate LANA dependent DNA replication. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms relevant to KSHV genome replication, segregation, and maintenance of latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravinkumar Purushothaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prerna Dabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Namrata Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Roni Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
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24
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Choi HS, Jain V, Krueger B, Marshall V, Kim CH, Shisler JL, Whitby D, Renne R. Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Induces the Oncogenic miR-17-92 Cluster and Down-Regulates TGF-β Signaling. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005255. [PMID: 26545119 PMCID: PMC4636184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KSHV is a DNA tumor virus that causes Kaposi's sarcoma. Upon KSHV infection, only a limited number of latent genes are expressed. We know that KSHV infection regulates host gene expression, and hypothesized that latent genes also modulate the expression of host miRNAs. Aberrant miRNA expression contributes to the development of many types of cancer. Array-based miRNA profiling revealed that all six miRNAs of the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster are up-regulated in KSHV infected endothelial cells. Among candidate KSHV latent genes, we found that vFLIP and vCyclin were shown to activate the miR-17-92 promoter, using luciferase assay and western blot analysis. The miR-17-92 cluster was previously shown to target TGF-β signaling. We demonstrate that vFLIP and vCyclin induce the expression of the miR-17-92 cluster to strongly inhibit the TGF-β signaling pathway by down-regulating SMAD2. Moreover, TGF-β activity and SMAD2 expression were fully restored when antagomirs (inhibitors) of miR-17-92 cluster were transfected into cells expressing either vFLIP or vCyclin. In addition, we utilized viral genetics to produce vFLIP or vCyclin knock-out viruses, and studied the effects in infected TIVE cells. Infection with wildtype KSHV abolished expression of SMAD2 protein in these endothelial cells. While single-knockout mutants still showed a marked reduction in SMAD2 expression, TIVE cells infected by a double-knockout mutant virus were fully restored for SMAD2 expression, compared to non-infected TIVE cells. Expression of either vFLIP or vCycIin was sufficient to downregulate SMAD2. In summary, our data demonstrate that vFLIP and vCyclin induce the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster in endothelial cells and thereby interfere with the TGF-β signaling pathway. Manipulation of the TGF-β pathway via host miRNAs represents a novel mechanism that may be important for KSHV tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, a hallmark of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seok Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brian Krueger
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vickie Marshall
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chang Hee Kim
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joanna L. Shisler
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Denise Whitby
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rolf Renne
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Institute of Genetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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25
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Wang L, Li G, Yao ZQ, Moorman JP, Ning S. MicroRNA regulation of viral immunity, latency, and carcinogenesis of selected tumor viruses and HIV. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25:320-41. [PMID: 26258805 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as key regulators in immune responses and cancer development. In the contexts of infection with oncogenic viruses, miRNAs are engaged in viral persistence, latency establishment and maintenance, and oncogenesis. In this review, we summarize the potential roles and mechanisms of viral and cellular miRNAs in the host-pathogen interactions during infection with selected tumor viruses and HIV, which include (i) repressing viral replication and facilitating latency establishment by targeting viral transcripts, (ii) evading innate and adaptive immune responses via toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, T-cell receptor, and B-cell receptor pathways by targeting signaling molecules such as TRAF6, IRAK1, IKKε, and MyD88, as well as downstream targets including regulatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, interleukin 10, and transforming growth factor β, (iii) antagonizing intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways by targeting pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic gene transcripts such as the Bcl-2 family and caspase-3, (iv) modulating cell proliferation and survival through regulation of the Wnt, PI3K/Akt, Erk/MAPK, and Jak/STAT signaling pathways, as well as the signaling pathways triggered by viral oncoproteins such as Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1, by targeting Wnt-inhibiting factor 1, SHIP, pTEN, and SOCSs, and (v) regulating cell cycle progression by targeting cell cycle inhibitors such as p21/WAF1 and p27/KIP1. Further elucidation of the interaction between miRNAs and these key biological events will facilitate our understanding of the pathogenesis of viral latency and oncogenesis and may lead to the identification of miRNAs as novel targets for developing new therapeutic or preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Guangyu Li
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Zhi Q Yao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan P Moorman
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, James H Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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26
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Zheng T, Chou J, Zhang F, Liu Y, Ni H, Li X, Zheng L, Tang T, Jin L, Xi T. CXCR4 3'UTR functions as a ceRNA in promoting metastasis, proliferation and survival of MCF-7 cells by regulating miR-146a activity. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:458-69. [PMID: 26095299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is the most common chemokine receptor expressed on tumor cells, and it is closely correlated with cancer cell stemness. This study was carried out to explore whether CXCR4 could function as a competitive endogenous RNA to promote metastasis, proliferation and survival in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We validated that CXCR4, together with TRAF6 and EGFR, was directly targeted by miR-146a in MCF-7 cells. Overexpression of CXCR4 3'UTR inhibited the activity of miR-146a, thus elevating the expression of CXCR4, TRAF6 and EGFR. These oncoproteins further activated NF-κB pathway and promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and anti-apoptotic activity of MCF-7 cells. Collectively, our study provided new insights into the function of CXCR4 in breast cancer: it promotes tumor progression as both a protein-coding gene and a non-coding RNA, complicating the mechanism by which oncogenes promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinjiang Chou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiwei Ni
- Medical college of Yangzhou University, #11, Huaihailu Road, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liang Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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27
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Qin Z, Peruzzi F, Reiss K, Dai L. Role of host microRNAs in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus pathogenesis. Viruses 2014; 6:4571-80. [PMID: 25421888 PMCID: PMC4246238 DOI: 10.3390/v6114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA species that can bind to both untranslated and coding regions of target mRNAs, causing their degradation or post-transcriptional modification. Currently, over 2500 miRNAs have been identified in the human genome. Burgeoning evidence suggests that dysregulation of human miRNAs can play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancer. In contrast, only a small subset of human miRNAs has been functionally validated in the pathogenesis of oncogenic viruses, in particular, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, such as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), which are mostly seen in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients or other immuno-suppressed subpopulation. This review summarizes recent literature outlining mechanisms for KSHV/viral proteins regulation of cellular miRNAs contributing to viral pathogenesis, as well as recent findings about the unique signature of miRNAs induced by KSHV infection or KSHV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Lu Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
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28
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Freitas C, Desnoyer A, Meuris F, Bachelerie F, Balabanian K, Machelon V. The relevance of the chemokine receptor ACKR3/CXCR7 on CXCL12-mediated effects in cancers with a focus on virus-related cancers. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:307-16. [PMID: 24853339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of understanding the molecular determinants of CXCL12-mediated effects in cancers. Once previously thought to interact exclusively with CXCR4, CXCL12 also binds with high affinity to CXCR7 (recently renamed ACKR3), which belongs to an atypical chemokine receptor family whose members fail to activate Gαi proteins but interact with β-arrestins. In addition to its capacity to control CXCL12 bioavailability, ACKR3 can either enhance or dampen CXCR4-mediated signaling and activity. In light of the most recent findings, we have examined the role of ACKR3 in cancer, including a subset of virus-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Freitas
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire "Cytokines, Chemokines and Immunopathology", UMR_S996, 32, rue des Carnets, Clamart F-92140, France; INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT), Clamart F-92140, France
| | - Aude Desnoyer
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire "Cytokines, Chemokines and Immunopathology", UMR_S996, 32, rue des Carnets, Clamart F-92140, France; INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT), Clamart F-92140, France
| | - Floriane Meuris
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire "Cytokines, Chemokines and Immunopathology", UMR_S996, 32, rue des Carnets, Clamart F-92140, France; INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT), Clamart F-92140, France
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire "Cytokines, Chemokines and Immunopathology", UMR_S996, 32, rue des Carnets, Clamart F-92140, France; INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT), Clamart F-92140, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire "Cytokines, Chemokines and Immunopathology", UMR_S996, 32, rue des Carnets, Clamart F-92140, France; INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT), Clamart F-92140, France.
| | - Véronique Machelon
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire "Cytokines, Chemokines and Immunopathology", UMR_S996, 32, rue des Carnets, Clamart F-92140, France; INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT), Clamart F-92140, France.
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29
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Shen PF, Chen XQ, Liao YC, Chen N, Zhou Q, Wei Q, Li X, Wang J, Zeng H. MicroRNA-494-3p targets CXCR4 to suppress the proliferation, invasion, and migration of prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:756-67. [PMID: 24644030 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway is a potential mechanism of tumor proliferation and progression, the mechanism of controlling CXCR4 expression is not fully understood. This study was to confirm that miR-494-3p might be a potentially post-transcriptional regulator of CXCR4 and over-expression of miR-494 might suppress prostate cancer progression and metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We firstly postulated the post-transcriptional regulation of CXCR4 by miR-494-3p through bioinformatics analysis, and then it was demonstrated that miR-494-3p could regulate the CXCR4 mRNA post-transcriptionally by binding to the predicted site by dual reporter gene assays. The biological effect of miR-494-3p on prostate cancer cells proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion was measured by MTT, TUNEL, flow cytometry, migration, and invasion assays. RESULTS It was shown that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCR4 were significantly up-regulated in PC-3 and DU145, whereas barely detected in LNCaP and RWPE-1. However, the CXCR4 protein levels were inversely related to the mature miR-494-3p expression levels in RWPE-1 and prostate cancer cells. The constitutive over-expression of miR-494-3p could down-regulate the protein level of CXCR4 in PC-3 and DU145. MiR-494-3p also could bind to the seed sequences in the 3'-UTR of the CXCR4 gene. Artificial over-expression of miR-494-3p could inhibit the growth, promote the apoptosis, and inhibit the migration and invasion of PC-3 and DU145 cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that miR-494-3p might play crucial role in prostate cancer by post-transcriptional regulation to CXCR4 mRNA. MiR-494-3p/CXCR4 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent prostate cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-fei Shen
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, China
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30
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Inhibition of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic replication by HIV-1 Nef and cellular microRNA hsa-miR-1258. J Virol 2014; 88:4987-5000. [PMID: 24554664 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00025-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is causally linked to several AIDS-related malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease. The interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and KSHV has a central role in promoting the aggressive manifestations of AIDS-KS. We have previously shown that negative factor (Nef), a secreted HIV-1 protein, synergizes with KSHV viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) to promote angiogenesis and tumorigenesis by activating the AKT pathway (X. Zhu, et al., Oncogene, 22 April 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2013.136). Here, we further demonstrated the role of soluble and ectopic Nef in the regulation of KSHV latency. We found that both soluble Nef protein and ectopic expression of Nef by transfection suppressed the expression of KSHV viral lytic mRNA transcripts and proteins and the production of infectious viral particles. MicroRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis identified a number of Nef-regulated miRNAs. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analyses showed that one of the Nef-upregulated miRNAs, cellular miRNA 1258 (hsa-miR-1258), directly targeted a seed sequence in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA encoding the major lytic switch protein (RTA), which controls KSHV reactivation from latency. Ectopic expression of hsa-miR-1258 impaired RTA synthesis and enhanced Nef-mediated inhibition of KSHV replication, whereas repression of hsa-miR-1258 has the opposite effect. Mutation of the seed sequence in the RTA 3'UTR abolished downregulation of RTA by hsa-miR-1258. Collectively, these novel findings demonstrate that, by regulating cellular miRNA, Nef may inhibit KSHV replication to promote viral latency and contribute to the pathogenesis of AIDS-related malignancies. IMPORTANCE This study found that Nef, a secreted HIV-1 protein, suppressed KSHV lytic replication to promote KSHV latency. Mechanistic studies indicated that a Nef-upregulated cellular miRNA, hsa-miR-1258, inhibits KSHV replication by directly targeting a seed sequence in the KSHV RTA 3'UTR. These results illustrate that, in addition to viral miRNAs, cellular miRNAs also play an important role in regulating the life cycle of KSHV. Overall, this is the first study to report the involvement of Nef in KSHV latency, implying its likely important role in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related malignancies.
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Luo HN, Wang ZH, Sheng Y, Zhang Q, Yan J, Hou J, Zhu K, Cheng Y, Xu YL, Zhang XH, Xu M, Ren XY. miR-139 targets CXCR4 and inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Med Oncol 2013; 31:789. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Liu Y, Zhou Y, Feng X, An P, Quan X, Wang H, Ye S, Yu C, He Y, Luo H. MicroRNA-126 functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer cells by targeting CXCR4 via the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:203-10. [PMID: 24189753 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that altered microRNA-126 (miR-126) expression is implicated in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the precise roles and mechanisms of miR-126 in CRC remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of miR-126 in CRC cells and to elucidate miR-126-mediated mechanisms in CRC cells. First, miR-126 expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR in 4 human CRC cell lines (SW480, SW620, HT-29 and HCT-116). Furthermore, the biological properties of miR-126 in CRC cells in vitro were examined by applying Cell Counting Kit 8, cell cycle, cell apoptosis and transwell assays. The mechanisms and pathways of miR-126-mediated in CRC cells were detected by using qRT-PCR, western blotting and luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR-126 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase of CRC cells, suggesting that miR-126 functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells. Furthermore, we identified the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a target of miR-126, and showed that it was negatively regulated by miR-126. We demonstrated that miR-126-mediated tumor suppression might be partly dependent on AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. In conclusion, our data revealed that miR-126 functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells by regulating CXCR4 expression via the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and might be a novel target for therapeutic strategies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Wu S, He L, Li Y, Wang T, Feng L, Jiang L, Zhang P, Huang X. miR-146a facilitates replication of dengue virus by dampening interferon induction by targeting TRAF6. J Infect 2013; 67:329-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sisk JM, Witwer KW, Tarwater PM, Clements JE. SIV replication is directly downregulated by four antiviral miRNAs. Retrovirology 2013; 10:95. [PMID: 23988154 PMCID: PMC3766675 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Host cell microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate the expression of both cellular and viral RNAs, in particular impacting both Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). To investigate the role of miRNAs in regulating replication of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macrophage lineage cells, we used primary macrophages to study targeting of SIV RNA by miRNAs. We examined whether specific host miRNAs directly target SIV RNA early in infection and might be induced via type I interferon pathways. Results miRNA target prediction programs identified miRNA binding sites within SIV RNA. Predicted binding sites for miRs-29a, -29b, -9 and -146a were identified in the SIV Nef/U3 and R regions, and all four miRNAs decreased virus production and viral RNA expression in primary macrophages. To determine whether levels of these miRNAs were affected by SIV infection, IFNβ or TNFα treatments, miRNA RT-qPCR assays measured miRNA levels after infection or treatment of macrophages. SIV RNA levels as well as virus production was downregulated by direct targeting of the SIV Nef/U3 and R regions by four miRNAs. miRs-29a, -29b, -9 and -146a were induced in primary macrophages after SIV infection. Each of these miRNAs was regulated by innate immune signaling through TNFα and/or the type I IFN, IFNβ. Conclusions The effects on miRNAs caused by HIV/SIV infection are illustrated by changes in their cellular expression throughout the course of disease, and in different patient populations. Our data demonstrate that levels of primary transcripts and mature miRs-29a, -29b, -9 and -146a are modulated by SIV infection. We show that the SIV 3′ UTR contains functional miRNA response elements (MREs) for all four miRNAs. Notably, these miRNAs regulate virus production and viral RNA levels in macrophages, the primary cells infected in the CNS that drive inflammation leading to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. This report may aid in identification miRNAs that target viral RNAs and HIV/SIV specifically, as well as in identification of miRNAs that may be targets of new therapies to treat HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Sisk
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Edward D, Miller Research Building, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Chugh PE, Sin SH, Ozgur S, Henry DH, Menezes P, Griffith J, Eron JJ, Damania B, Dittmer DP. Systemically circulating viral and tumor-derived microRNAs in KSHV-associated malignancies. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003484. [PMID: 23874201 PMCID: PMC3715412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable, small non-coding RNAs that modulate many downstream target genes. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been detected in various body fluids and within exosomes, prompting their evaluation as candidate biomarkers of diseases, especially cancer. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-associated cancer and remains prevalent despite Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). KS is caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a gamma herpesvirus also associated with Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL). We sought to determine the host and viral circulating miRNAs in plasma, pleural fluid or serum from patients with the KSHV-associated malignancies KS and PEL and from two mouse models of KS. Both KSHV-encoded miRNAs and host miRNAs, including members of the miR-17–92 cluster, were detectable within patient exosomes and circulating miRNA profiles from KSHV mouse models. Further characterization revealed a subset of miRNAs that seemed to be preferentially incorporated into exosomes. Gene ontology analysis of signature exosomal miRNA targets revealed several signaling pathways that are known to be important in KSHV pathogenesis. Functional analysis of endothelial cells exposed to patient-derived exosomes demonstrated enhanced cell migration and IL-6 secretion. This suggests that exosomes derived from KSHV-associated malignancies are functional and contain a distinct subset of miRNAs. These could represent candidate biomarkers of disease and may contribute to the paracrine phenotypes that are a characteristic of KS. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), such as those found in exosomes, have emerged as diagnostic tools and hold promise as minimally invasive, stable biomarkers. Transfer of tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs to surrounding cells may be an important form of cellular communication. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common AIDS-defining cancer worldwide. Here, we survey systemically circulating miRNAs and reveal potential biomarkers for KS and Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL). This expands previous tissue culture studies by profiling clinical samples and by using two new mouse models of KSHV tumorigenesis. Profiling of circulating miRNAs revealed that oncogenic and viral miRNAs were present in exosomes from KS patient plasma, pleural effusions and mouse models of KS. Analysis of human oncogenic miRNAs, including the well-known miR-17-92 cluster, revealed that several miRNAs were preferentially incorporated into exosomes in our KS mouse model. Gene ontology analysis of upregulated miRNAs showed that the majority of pathways affected were known targets of KSHV signaling pathways. Transfer of these oncogenic exosomes to immortalized hTERT-HUVEC cells enhanced cell migration and IL-6 secretion. These circulating miRNAs and KS derived exosomes may therefore be part of the paracrine signaling mechanism that mediates KSHV pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Body Fluids/metabolism
- Body Fluids/virology
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/virology
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Exosomes/ultrastructure
- Exosomes/virology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/blood
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Pleural Cavity
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/etiology
- RNA, Neoplasm/blood
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/blood
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/physiopathology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Up-Regulation
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E. Chugh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sang-Hoon Sin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sezgin Ozgur
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David H. Henry
- Department of Oncology, Joan Karnell Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Prema Menezes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jack Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dirk P. Dittmer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Xu Y, Gu L, Pan Y, Li R, Gao T, Song G, Nie Z, Chen L, Wang S, He B. Different effects of three polymorphisms in MicroRNAs on cancer risk in Asian population: evidence from published literatures. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65123. [PMID: 23750236 PMCID: PMC3672198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-protein-coding RNAs, which have emerged as integrated and important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. It has been demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) exist in protein-coding genes. Accumulated studies have evaluated the association of miRNA SNPs with cancer risk, especially in Asian population, which included a series of related studies. However, the results remain controversial for the different genetic backgrounds, living habits and environment exposed. To evaluate the relationship between SNPs in miRNAs and cancer risk, 21 studies focused on Asian population were enrolled for the pooled analysis for three polymorphisms rs2910164, rs11614913, rs3746444 in three miRNAs miR-146aG>C, miR-196a2C>T, miR-499A>G using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For rs2910164 polymorphism, C allele was observed association with decreased overall cancer risk. In addition, subgroup analysis revealed of rs2910164 C allele decreased hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cervical cancer and prostate cancer risk among Chinese population. For rs11614913 polymorphism, TT genotype was observed to be associated with decreased cancer risk, especially for cancer type of colorectal cancer (CRC), lung cancer and country of Korea, North India. Whereas, rs3746444 G allele was an increased cancer risk factor in Chinese population, especially for breast cancer. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicated that rs2910164 C allele was associated with decreased cancer risk in Chinese population. However, the association varied from different cancer types. Furthermore, TT genotype of rs11614913 was associated with decreased cancer risk. While different cancer types and countries contributed to different effects. Whereas, rs3746444 G allele was a risk factor in Chinese population, and the association varied from different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqiong Xu
- The Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Gu
- Department of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuqin Pan
- The Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianyi Gao
- The Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqi Song
- The Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenlin Nie
- The Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shukui Wang
- The Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (BSH); (SKW)
| | - Bangshun He
- The Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (BSH); (SKW)
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37
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Tang YW, Stratton CW. Diagnosis and Assessment of Microbial Infections with Host and Microbial microRNA Profiles. ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7120657 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3970-7_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are continuously being sought in the field of diagnostic microbiology for the laboratory diagnosis and assessment of microbial infections. A set of clinical and laboratory criteria necessary for an ideal diagnostic marker of infection have previously been proposed by Ng and his colleagues [1]. According these criteria, an ideal biomarker should possess at a minimum the following characteristics: (a) biochemically, a biomarker should be stable and remain significantly deregulated in the body fluid compartment for at least 12–24 h even after commencement of appropriate treatment that may allow an adequate time window for specimen collection or storage without significant decomposition of the active compound until laboratory processing; (b) its concentration should be determined quantitatively and the method of measurement should be automatic, rapid, easy, and inexpensive; (c) the collection of a specimen should be minimally invasive and require a small volume (e.g., <0.5 mL blood). Numerous biomarkers have been found and tested in clinical practice. Currently, microRNA (miRNA) molecules are without a doubt the biomarkers with the greatest potential capacities in the diagnostic microbiology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, 10065 New York USA
| | - Charles W. Stratton
- Vanderbilt Clinic, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 22nd Avenue 1301, Nashville, 37232-5310 Tennessee USA
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38
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MicroRNAs and unusual small RNAs discovered in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus virions. J Virol 2012; 86:12717-30. [PMID: 22973026 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01473-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely held that any given virus uses only one type of nucleic acid for genetic information storage. However, this consensus has been challenged slightly by several recent studies showing that many RNA species are present within a range of DNA viruses that include Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). RNAs extracted from purified DNA virus particles exhibit great diversity in terms of length, abundance, temporal expression, cellular localization, and coding capacity during viral infection. In addition to known RNA species, the current study showed that small regulatory RNAs were present in KSHV virions. A large number of viral and cellular microRNAs (miRNAs), as well as unusual small RNAs (usRNAs), were detected in KSHV virions by using deep sequencing. Both viral and host miRNAs detected in small RNAs extracted from KSHV virions were further shown to colocalize with KSHV virions directly by in situ hybridization (ISH)-electron microscopy (EM) (ISH-EM). Some of these miRNAs were differentially present in the host cells and KSHV virions, suggesting that they are not randomly present in KSHV virions. The virional miRNAs could be transported into host cells, and they are biologically functional during de novo viral infection. Our study revealed miRNAs and usRNAs as a novel group of components in KSHV virions.
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Guttman-Yassky E, Chiricozzi A, Jacob-Hirsch J, Tintle S, Khatcherian A, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Krueger J, Nisticò S, Bergman R, Sarid R. Gene Expression Profiling Associated with the Progression of Classic Kaposi's Sarcoma. EUR J INFLAMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1201000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) gene expression profile is closer to lymphatic (LEC) rather than blood vascular endothelial cells (BEC), uncertainty still surrounds the cellular origin of KS. To follow KS progression from early to late (nodular) stage, and characterize the molecular fingerprinting associated with each stage, gene arrays were used to compare gene expression profile of 9 skin samples of classic KS (4 Early, 2 Mixed, and 3 Nodular CKS samples) to 4 normal samples. Results for selected genes were validated by Real-time (RT) PCR and immunohistochemistry. Genes regulating immune and defense responses, angiogenesis, apoptosis and proliferation were differentially expressed in different KS stages compared to normal skin. Hierarchical clustering separated normal skin from KS with a clear gradient from early to nodular KS lesions. The gene expression level of endothelium markers, metalloproteinases, angiogenic factors and chemokines, gradually increased from normal through all KS stages. The expression of LEC genes highly increased from early to nodular KS. In the initiation phase we noticed a higher expression of growth factors, as compared to progressive stages. LEC and BEC markers co-exist in “KS expression signature”, although the LEC signature prevailed. Our results also show a complex environment of inflammatory cells and chemokines during KS evolution. A pathogenic hypothesis where cellular hyperproliferation is driven by local expression of chemokines and growth factors without clonal expansion of cells is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Guttman-Yassky
- Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A. Chiricozzi
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata
| | - J. Jacob-Hirsch
- Institute of Hematology and Sheba Cancer Research Center Tel Hashomer Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - S. Tintle
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A. Khatcherian
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - N. Amariglio
- Institute of Hematology and Sheba Cancer Research Center Tel Hashomer Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - G. Rechavi
- Institute of Hematology and Sheba Cancer Research Center Tel Hashomer Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - J.G. Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - S.P. Nisticò
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata
| | - R. Bergman
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center and the Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - R. Sarid
- Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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40
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus microRNAs target IRAK1 and MYD88, two components of the toll-like receptor/interleukin-1R signaling cascade, to reduce inflammatory-cytokine expression. J Virol 2012; 86:11663-74. [PMID: 22896623 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01147-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of KS, an important AIDS-associated malignancy. KSHV expresses at least 18 different mature microRNAs (miRNAs). We identified interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) as a potential target of miR-K12-9 (miR-K9) in an array data set examining changes in cellular gene expression levels in the presence of KSHV miRNAs. Using 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) luciferase reporter assays, we confirmed that miR-K9 and other miRNAs inhibit IRAK1 expression. In addition, IRAK1 expression is downregulated in cells transfected with miR-K9 and during de novo KSHV infection. IRAK1 is an important component of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1R signaling cascade. The downregulation of IRAK1 by miR-K9 resulted in the decreased stimulation of NF-κB activity in endothelial cells treated with IL-1α and in B cells treated with a TLR7/8 agonist. Interestingly, miR-K9 had a greater effect on NF-κB activity than did a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting IRAK1 despite the more efficient downregulation of IRAK1 expression with the siRNA. We hypothesized that KSHV miRNAs may also be regulating a second component of the TLR/IL-1R signaling cascade, resulting in a stronger phenotype. Reanalysis of the array data set identified myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MYD88) as an additional potential target. 3'UTR luciferase reporter assays and Western blot analysis confirmed the targeting of MYD88 by miR-K5. The presence of miR-K9 and miR-K5 inhibited the production of IL-6 and IL-8 upon the IL-1α stimulation of endothelial cells. These results demonstrate KSHV-encoded miRNAs regulating the TLR/IL-1R signaling cascade at two distinct points and suggest the importance of these pathways during viral infection.
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41
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D'Agostino DM, Zanovello P, Watanabe T, Ciminale V. The microRNA regulatory network in normal- and HTLV-1-transformed T cells. Adv Cancer Res 2012; 113:45-83. [PMID: 22429852 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394280-7.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts to understand the molecular networks governing normal T cell development and driving the neoplastic transformation of T cells have brought to light the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In the present review, we compare the expression profiles of miRNAs in normal T cell development to that of transformed T cells using as a model adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma, an aggressive malignancy of mature CD4+ T cells that is caused by infection with human T cell leukemia virus type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M D'Agostino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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42
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Punj V, Matta H, Chaudhary PM. A computational profiling of changes in gene expression and transcription factors induced by vFLIP K13 in primary effusion lymphoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37498. [PMID: 22624040 PMCID: PMC3356309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been linked to the development of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that is characterized by loss of expression of most B cell markers and effusions in the body cavities. This unique clinical presentation of PEL has been attributed to their distinctive plasmablastic gene expression profile that shows overexpression of genes involved in inflammation, adhesion and invasion. KSHV-encoded latent protein vFLIP K13 has been previously shown to promote the survival and proliferation of PEL cells. In this study, we employed gene array analysis to characterize the effect of K13 on global gene expression in PEL-derived BCBL1 cells, which express negligible K13 endogenously. We demonstrate that K13 upregulates the expression of a number of NF-κB responsive genes involved in cytokine signaling, cell death, adhesion, inflammation and immune response, including two NF-κB subunits involved in the alternate NF-κB pathway, RELB and NFKB2. In contrast, CD19, a B cell marker, was one of the genes downregulated by K13. A comparison with K13-induced genes in human vascular endothelial cells revealed that although there was a considerable overlap among the genes induced by K13 in the two cell types, chemokines genes were preferentially induced in HUVEC with few exceptions, such as RANTES/CCL5, which was induced in both cell types. Functional studies confirmed that K13 activated the RANTES/CCL5 promoter through the NF-κB pathway. Taken collectively, our results suggest that K13 may contribute to the unique gene expression profile, immunophenotype and clinical presentation that are characteristics of KSHV-associated PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Punj
- From Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Bioinformatics Core, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center at USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hittu Matta
- From Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Preet M. Chaudhary
- From Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Labbaye C, Testa U. The emerging role of MIR-146A in the control of hematopoiesis, immune function and cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2012. [PMID: 22453030 DOI: 10.11186/1756-8722-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRs) represent a class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs playing a major role in the control of gene expression by repressing protein synthesis at the post-transcriptional level. Studies carried out during the last years have shown that some miRNAs plays a key role in the control of normal and malignant hgematopoiesis. In this review we focus on recent progress in analyzing the functional role of miR-146a in the control of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. On the other hand, this miRNA has shown to impact in the control of innate immune responses. Finally, many recent studies indicate a deregulation of miR-146 in many solid tumors and gene knockout studies indicate a role for this miRNA as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Labbaye
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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44
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Labbaye C, Testa U. The emerging role of MIR-146A in the control of hematopoiesis, immune function and cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:13. [PMID: 22453030 PMCID: PMC3342163 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRs) represent a class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs playing a major role in the control of gene expression by repressing protein synthesis at the post-transcriptional level. Studies carried out during the last years have shown that some miRNAs plays a key role in the control of normal and malignant hgematopoiesis. In this review we focus on recent progress in analyzing the functional role of miR-146a in the control of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. On the other hand, this miRNA has shown to impact in the control of innate immune responses. Finally, many recent studies indicate a deregulation of miR-146 in many solid tumors and gene knockout studies indicate a role for this miRNA as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Labbaye
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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45
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Qin Z, Jakymiw A, Findlay V, Parsons C. KSHV-Encoded MicroRNAs: Lessons for Viral Cancer Pathogenesis and Emerging Concepts. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:603961. [PMID: 22505930 PMCID: PMC3296157 DOI: 10.1155/2012/603961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that orchestrate a number of physiologic processes through regulation of gene expression. Burgeoning evidence suggests that dysregulation of miRNAs may promote disease progression and cancer pathogenesis. Virus-encoded miRNAs, exhibiting unique molecular signatures and functions, have been increasingly recognized as contributors to viral cancer pathogenesis. A large segment of the existing knowledge in this area has been generated through characterization of miRNAs encoded by the human gamma-herpesviruses, including the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Recent studies focusing on KSHV miRNAs have led to a better understanding of viral miRNA expression in human tumors, the identification of novel pathologic check points regulated by viral miRNAs, and new insights for viral miRNA interactions with cellular ("human") miRNAs. Elucidating the functional effects of inhibiting KSHV miRNAs has also provided a foundation for further translational efforts and consideration of clinical applications. This paper summarizes recent literature outlining mechanisms for KSHV miRNA regulation of cellular function and cancer-associated pathogenesis, as well as implications for interactions between KSHV and human miRNAs that may facilitate cancer progression. Finally, insights are offered for the clinical feasibility of targeting miRNAs as a therapeutic approach for viral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Andrew Jakymiw
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Victoria Findlay
- Department of Pathology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Chris Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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46
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Liang D, Lin X, Lan K. Looking at Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Host Interactions from a microRNA Viewpoint. Front Microbiol 2012; 2:271. [PMID: 22275910 PMCID: PMC3258008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also called human herpesvirus 8, belongs to the gamma herpesviruses and is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and some types of multicentric Castleman's disease. In vivo, KSHV mainly infects B cells and endothelial cells. The interactions between KSHV and its host cells determine the outcome of viral infection and subsequent viral pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are important in fine-tuning cellular signaling. During infection, KSHV modulates the expression profiles and/or functions of a number of host miRNAs, for example hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-146a. Meanwhile, KSHV itself encodes 12 pre-miRNAs, including miR-K12-11, which is the functional ortholog of the host miR-155. A number of cellular and viral targets of deregulated cellular miRNAs and viral miRNAs are found in KSHV-infected cells, which suggests that miRNAs may be important in mediating KSHV-host interactions. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how KSHV modulates the expression and/or functions of host miRNAs; we review in detail the functions of miR-K12-11 as the ortholog of miR-155; and we examine the functions of viral miRNAs in KSHV life cycle control, immune evasion, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
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47
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The manipulation of miRNA-gene regulatory networks by KSHV induces endothelial cell motility. Blood 2011; 118:2896-905. [PMID: 21715310 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-01-330589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs have emerged as master regulators of cancer-related events. miRNA dysregulation also occurs in Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Exploring the roles of KS-associated miRNAs should help to identify novel angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis pathways. In the present study, we show that Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the etiological agent of KS, induces global miRNA changes in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Specifically, the miR-221/miR-222 cluster is down-regulated, whereas miR-31 is up-regulated. Both latent nuclear antigen (LANA) and Kaposin B repress the expression of the miR-221/miR-222 cluster, which results in an increase of endothelial cell (EC) migration. In contrast, miR-31 stimulates EC migration, so depletion of miR-31 in KSHV-transformed ECs reduces cell motility. Analysis of the putative miRNA targets among KSHV-affected genes showed that ETS2 and ETS1 are the downstream targets of miR-221 and miR-222, respectively. FAT4 is one of the direct targets of miR-31. Overexpression of ETS1 or ETS2 alone is sufficient to induce EC migration, whereas a reduction in FAT4 enhances EC motility. Our results show that KSHV regulates multiple miRNA-mRNA networks to enhance EC motility, which eventually contributes to KS progression by promoting the spread of malignant KS progenitor cells. Targeting KSHV-regulated miRNAs or genes might allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies that induce angiogenesis or allow the treatment of pathogenic (lymph)angiogenesis.
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48
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Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays a central part in the host response to infection by microbial pathogens, by orchestrating the innate and acquired host immune responses. The NF-κB proteins are activated by diverse signalling pathways that originate from many different cellular receptors and sensors. Many successful pathogens have acquired sophisticated mechanisms to regulate the NF-κB signalling pathways by deploying subversive proteins or hijacking the host signalling molecules. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which viruses and bacteria micromanage the host NF-κB signalling circuitry to favour the continued survival of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masmudur M Rahman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100266, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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49
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Lukiw WJ, Dua P, Pogue AI, Eicken C, Hill JM. Upregulation of micro RNA-146a (miRNA-146a), a marker for inflammatory neurodegeneration, in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:1460-8. [PMID: 22043907 PMCID: PMC3719866 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.618973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A mouse- and human-brain-abundant, nuclear factor (NF)-кB-regulated, micro RNA-146a (miRNA-146a) is an important modulator of the innate immune response and inflammatory signaling in specific immunological and brain cell types. Levels of miRNA-146a are induced in human brain cells challenged with at least five different species of single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA neurotrophic viruses, suggesting a broad role for miRNA-146a in the brain's innate immune response and antiviral immunity. Upregulated miRNA-146a is also observed in pro-inflammatory cytokine-, Aβ42 peptide- and neurotoxic metal-induced, oxidatively stressed human neuronal-glial primary cell cocultures, in murine scrapie and in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. In AD, miRNA-146a levels are found to progressively increase with disease severity and co-localize to brain regions enriched in inflammatory neuropathology. This study provides evidence of upregulation of miRNA-146a in extremely rare (incidence 1-10 per 100 million) human prion-based neurodegenerative disorders, including sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS). The findings suggest that an upregulated miRNA-146a may be integral to innate immune or inflammatory brain cell responses in prion-mediated infections and to progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration of both the murine and human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Departments of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA70112-2272, USA.
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Pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat depletes CXCR4 levels and signaling and exerts synergistic antimyeloid activity in combination with CXCR4 antagonists. Blood 2010; 116:5306-15. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-284414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 are involved in the directional homing to the bone marrow niches and in peripheral mobilization of normal and transformed hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cells. Elevated CXCR4 expression confers poor prognosis, whereas inhibition of CXCR4 signaling overcomes stroma-mediated chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we demonstrate that treatment with the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (PS) depleted the mRNA and protein levels of CXCR4 in the cultured and primary AML cells. PS-induced acetylation of the heat shock protein (hsp) 90 reduced the chaperone association between CXCR4 and hsp90, directing CXCR4 to degradation by the 20S proteasome. PS treatment also depleted G protein–coupled receptor kinase 3, as well as attenuated the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in AML cells, which was not affected by cotreatment with CXCL12. Compared with each agent alone, cotreatment with PS and CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 or FC-131 synergistically induced apoptosis of cultured and primary AML cells. PS and FC-131 exerted more lethal effects on primary AML versus normal CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells. These findings support the rationale to test the in vivo efficacy of PS in enhancing the lethal effects of CXCR4 antagonists against AML cells.
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