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Chiu CSC, Yeh LY, Pan SH, Li SH. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Intrinsic Abnormalities in Endometrial Polyps. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2557. [PMID: 38473810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial polyps (EPs) are benign overgrowths of the endometrial tissue lining the uterus, often causing abnormal bleeding or infertility. This study analyzed gene expression differences between EPs and adjacent endometrial tissue to elucidate intrinsic abnormalities promoting pathological overgrowth. RNA sequencing of 12 pairs of EPs and the surrounding endometrial tissue from infertile women revealed 322 differentially expressed genes. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed significant alterations in specific signaling pathways, notably Wnt signaling and vascular smooth muscle regulation, suggesting these pathways play critical roles in the pathophysiology of EPs. Wnt-related genes DKK1 and DKKL1 were upregulated, while GPC3, GREM1, RSPO3, SFRP5, and WNT10B were downregulated. Relevant genes for vascular smooth muscle contraction were nearly all downregulated in EPs, including ACTA2, ACTG2, KCNMB1, KCNMB2, MYL9, PPP1R12B, and TAGLN. Overall, the results indicate fundamental gene expression changes promote EP formation through unrestrained growth signaling and vascular defects. The intrinsic signaling abnormalities likely contribute to clinical symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility common in EP patients. This analysis provides molecular insights into abnormal endometrial overgrowth to guide improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this troublesome women's health condition. Confirmation of expanded cohorts and further investigations into implicated regulatory relationships are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Shan-Chi Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei 251, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Yeh
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei 251, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Li
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei 251, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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2
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Cao J, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Luo M, Li L, Li B, Nice EC, He W, Zheng S, Huang C. Oncofetal reprogramming in tumor development and progression: novel insights into cancer therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e427. [PMID: 38045829 PMCID: PMC10693315 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells can mimic characteristics of embryonic development, promoting their development and progression. Cancer cells share features with embryonic development, characterized by robust proliferation and differentiation regulated by signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, hedgehog, and Hippo signaling. In certain phase, these cells also mimic embryonic diapause and fertilized egg implantation to evade treatments or immune elimination and promote metastasis. Additionally, the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP), in drug-resistant cancer cells, analogous to their role in placental development, may facilitate chemotherapy efflux, further resulting in treatment resistance. In this review, we concentrate on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to tumor development and progression from the perspective of embryonic development, encompassing the dysregulation of developmental signaling pathways, the emergence of dormant cancer cells, immune microenvironment remodeling, and the hyperactivation of ABC transporters. Furthermore, we synthesize and emphasize the connections between cancer hallmarks and embryonic development, offering novel insights for the development of innovative cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjun Cao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseasethe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Maochao Luo
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of anorectal surgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryInstitute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Cancer Medical Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, the Hainan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major DiseasesHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of EducationHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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3
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Rahmani F, Hashemian P, Tabrizi AT, Ghorbani Z, Ziaeemehr A, Alijannejad S, Ferns GA, Avan A, Shahidsales S. Regulatory role of miRNAs on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma. Indian J Cancer 2023; 60:295-302. [PMID: 37787188 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_251_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors in the brain with high mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in therapeutic strategies, the survival rate remains low in patients with GBM. The pathogenesis of GBM is a very complicated process involving various genetic mutations affecting several oncogenic signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin axis. Overactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is associated with decreased survival and poor prognosis in patients with GBM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to play important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis by modulating the expression of their target genes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs were reported in various human malignancies including GBM, breast, colorectal, liver, and prostate cancers, but little is known about their cellular mechanisms. Therefore, recognition of the expression profile and regulatory effects of miRNAs on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may offer a novel approach for the classification, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with GBM. This review summarizes previous data on the modulatory role of miRNAs on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway implicated in tumorigenesis of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pedram Hashemian
- Department of Pathology, Jahad Daneshgahi Institute, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Zeynab Ghorbani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aghigh Ziaeemehr
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajede Alijannejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Zhang S, Cui Y, Gao X, Wei C, Wang Q, Yang B, Sun W, Luo Y, Jiang Q, Huang Y. Resveratrol inhibits the formation and accumulation of lipid droplets through AdipoQ signal pathway and lipid metabolism lncRNAs. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109351. [PMID: 37087074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is one of the best-known bioactive polyphenols that has received much attention in recent years because of its importance to anti-obesity. However, the exact mechanism underlying this effect and whether it can improve lipid metabolism by regulating the long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) remains unclear. In this study, twenty-four healthy crossbred castrated boars were fed a basal diet (control) and a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg, 400 mg or 600 mg RES per Kilogram (kg) of feed for 41 days, respectively. We founded that 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg RES-supplemented diet did not affect growth rate, but reduced significantly subcutaneous adipose thickness, carcass fat rate, greater dramatically the serum concentration of adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein in pigs. Further, we verified that RES could inhibit the formation and accumulation of lipid droplets by AdipoQ-AdipoR1-AMPKα and AdipoQ-AdipoR2-PPARα signal pathway in vivo and vitro (3T3-L1 preadipocytes). Transcriptome analyses founded that 5 differently expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 77 mRNAs in subcutaneous adipose between control group and 400 mg/kg RES group, which mainly involved in "adipocytokine signaling pathway", "Wnt signaling pathway", "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway" and "MAPK signaling pathway". In conclusion, RES can inhibit the formation and accumulation of lipid droplets through AdipoQ signal pathway and lipid metabolism-related lncRNAs. Our results provide a new insight on the molecular mechanism of RES as a nutritional agents to the prevention and treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanbao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Yueyue Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Chongwan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Bao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Wenyue Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Yunyan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Qinyang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Yanna Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi 530004, China.
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5
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Chen L, Gong X, Huang M. Marsdenia tenacissima extract prevents the malignant progression of glioma through upregulating lncRNA MEG3 and SFRP1-dependent inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1272-1289. [PMID: 36756719 PMCID: PMC10068475 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Recent studies have highlighted the tumor-suppressive effect of Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE) on human cancers. This research unveils the potential impact of MTE on glioma and ascertains the relevant molecular mechanisms. METHODS Glioma cells were treated with MTE, with normal human astrocytes (NHAs) as controls. A battery of function experiments, including the CCK-8 viability test, colony formation assay, scratch migration assay, and Transwell invasion assay, was executed to address the responses of glioma cells to MTE treatment and gain or loss of function of lncMEG3, miR-542-3p, and SFRP1. FISH, RIP, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were adopted for assessing gene interactions. U251-GFP-Luc cells were delivered into nude mice through intracranial injection to develop an orthotopic glioma model for in vivo validation. RESULTS 200 mg/mL MTE could suppress the proliferating, migrating, and invading properties of glioma cells but not affect those of NHAs. MTE treatment enhanced the expression of lncMEG3, which competes with SFRP1 for binding miR-542-3p. SFRP1 could inactivate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Animal experimentation substantiated the antitumor activity and mechanism of MTE in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS MTE suppresses glioma via the lncMEG3/miR-542-3p/SFRP1/Wnt/β-catenin axis. These findings contribute to a theoretical basis for the use of MTE for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengyi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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6
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Epigenetic mechanisms in paediatric brain tumours: regulators lose control. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:167-185. [PMID: 35076654 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are essential to regulate gene expression during normal development. However, they are often disrupted in pathological conditions including tumours, where they contribute to their formation and maintenance through altered gene expression. In recent years, next generation genomic techniques has allowed a remarkable advancement of our knowledge of the genetic and molecular landscape of paediatric brain tumours and have highlighted epigenetic deregulation as a common hallmark in their pathogenesis. This review describes the main epigenetic dysregulations found in paediatric brain tumours, including at DNA methylation and histone modifications level, in the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes and in the expression of non-coding RNAs. How these altered processes influence tumour biology and how they can be leveraged to dissect the molecular heterogeneity of these tumours and contribute to their classification is also addressed. Finally, the availability and value of preclinical models as well as the current clinical trials exploring targeting key epigenetic mediators in paediatric brain tumours are discussed.
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7
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Donega V, van der Geest AT, Sluijs JA, van Dijk RE, Wang CC, Basak O, Pasterkamp RJ, Hol EM. Single-cell profiling of human subventricular zone progenitors identifies SFRP1 as a target to re-activate progenitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1036. [PMID: 35210419 PMCID: PMC8873234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the decline of neurogenesis at birth, progenitors of the subventricular zone (SVZ) remain mostly in a quiescent state in the adult human brain. The mechanisms that regulate this quiescent state are still unclear. Here, we isolate CD271+ progenitors from the aged human SVZ for single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Our transcriptome data reveal the identity of progenitors of the aged human SVZ as late oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. We identify the Wnt pathway antagonist SFRP1 as a possible signal that promotes quiescence of progenitors from the aged human SVZ. Administration of WAY-316606, a small molecule that inhibits SFRP1 function, stimulates activation of neural stem cells both in vitro and in vivo under homeostatic conditions. Our data unravel a possible mechanism through which progenitors of the adult human SVZ are maintained in a quiescent state and a potential target for stimulating progenitors to re-activate. The decline in neurogenesis following birth is accompanied with a quiescent state characteristic of neural progenitors of the adult brain. Here, the authors identify the Wnt pathway antagonist SFRP1 as a potential signal that promotes quiescence and show that its inhibition stimulates stem cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Donega
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Astrid T van der Geest
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland E van Dijk
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Chinese University of Hong Kong -Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.,Institute of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Onur Basak
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Yildiz CB, Zimmer-Bensch G. Role of DNMTs in the Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1389:363-394. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11454-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Landry AP, Samuel N, Spears J, Zador Z. Integrated computational analyses reveal novel insights into the stromal microenvironment of SHH-subtype medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20694. [PMID: 34667228 PMCID: PMC8526813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour of childhood. While our understanding of this disease has progressed substantially in recent years, the role of tumour microenvironment remains unclear. Given the increasing role of microenvironment-targeted therapeutics in other cancers, this study was aimed at further exploring its role in medulloblastoma. Multiple computational techniques were used to analyze open-source bulk and single cell RNA seq data from primary samples derived from all subgroups of medulloblastoma. Gene expression is used to infer stromal subpopulations, and network-based approaches are used to identify potential therapeutic targets. Bulk data was obtained from 763 medulloblastoma samples and single cell data from an additional 7241 cells from 23 tumours. Independent bulk (285 tumours) and single cell (32,868 cells from 29 tumours) validation cohorts were used to verify results. The SHH subgroup was found to be enriched in stromal activity, including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, while group 3 is comparatively stroma-suppressed. Several receptor and ligand candidates underlying this difference are identified which we find to correlate with metastatic potential of SHH medulloblastoma. Additionally, a biologically active gradient is detected within SHH medulloblastoma, from "stroma-active" to "stroma-suppressed" cells which may have relevance to targeted therapy. This study serves to further elucidate the role of the stromal microenvironment in SHH-subgroup medulloblastoma and identify novel treatment possibilities for this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Landry
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Nardin Samuel
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julian Spears
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zsolt Zador
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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10
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Curry RN, Glasgow SM. The Role of Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Brain Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659055. [PMID: 34012965 PMCID: PMC8127784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to developmental cell signaling pathways and transcriptional cascades have been implicated in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression. Resurgence of aberrant neurodevelopmental programs in the context of brain tumors highlights the numerous parallels that exist between developmental and oncologic mechanisms. A deeper understanding of how dysregulated developmental factors contribute to brain tumor oncogenesis and disease progression will help to identify potential therapeutic targets for these malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current literature concerning developmental signaling cascades and neurodevelopmentally-regulated transcriptional programs. We also examine their respective contributions towards tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression in both pediatric and adult brain tumors and highlight relevant differentiation therapies and putative candidates for prospective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Curry
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX, United States
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stacey M. Glasgow
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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11
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He HP, Gu S. The PPAR-γ/SFRP5/Wnt/β-catenin signal axis regulates the dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis. Cytokine 2021; 143:155488. [PMID: 33814272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibition of glucocorticoid (GC) on osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSC) is an important pathway for GC to reduce bone formation. Recent studies implicated an important role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) in GC-mediated cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, our purpose is to investigate the role of PPAR-γ in regulating rat BMSC (rBMSC) osteoblastic differentiation. METHODS The rBMSC treated with dexamethasone (Dex) was used to construct an in vitro cell model of GC-induced osteoporosis. The expressions of PPAR-γ, RUNX2, ALP, OPN and SFRP5 in cells were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. Osteogenic differentiation of rBMSC was measured by Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining analysis. Lentivirus-delivered shRNA was used to knock down PPAR-γ or SFRP5, and lentivirus-delivered constructs were used to overexpress SFRP5 in rBMSC to verify the effect of PPAR-γ or SFRP5 on cell osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS Dex significantly reduced rBMSC osteoblastic differentiation. The expression of PPAR-γ was enhanced in Dex treated rBMSC. PPAR-γ down-regulation improved Dex inhibition of rBMSC osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, PPAR-γ knockdown promoted protein levels of RUNX2, ALP, OPN and Dex-decreased rBMSC osteogenic differentiation. The expression of SFRP5 was reduced while Wnt and β-catenin were increased in PPAR-γ knockdown and Dex treated rBMSC. Moreover, the up-regulation of SFRP5 reversed the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSC induced by PPAR-γ knockdown. CONCLUSION These data indicated that in GC-induced osteoporosis, PPAR-γ/SFRP5 affects osteogenic differentiation by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng He
- Shenzhen Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Shan Gu
- Shenzhen Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China.
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12
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Ou M, Zhao M, Li C, Tang D, Xu Y, Dai W, Sui W, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Mo C, Lin H, Dai Y. Single-cell sequencing reveals the potential oncogenic expression atlas of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Biol Open 2021; 10:10/2/bio053348. [PMID: 33589441 PMCID: PMC7903994 DOI: 10.1242/bio.053348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are important source for regenerative medicine. However, the links between pluripotency and oncogenic transformation raise safety issues. To understand the characteristics of iPSC-derived cells at single-cell resolution, we directly reprogrammed two human iPSC lines into cardiomyocytes and collected cells from four time points during cardiac differentiation for single-cell sequencing. We captured 32,365 cells and identified five molecularly distinct clusters that aligned well with our reconstructed differentiation trajectory. We discovered a set of dynamic expression events related to the upregulation of oncogenes and the decreasing expression of tumor suppressor genes during cardiac differentiation, which were similar to the gain-of-function and loss-of-function patterns during oncogenesis. In practice, we characterized the dynamic expression of the TP53 and Yamanaka factor genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC), which were widely used for human iPSCs lines generation; and revealed the co-occurrence of MYC overexpression and TP53 silencing in some of human iPSC-derived TNNT2+ cardiomyocytes. In summary, our oncogenic expression atlas is valuable for human iPSCs application and the single-cell resolution highlights the clues potentially associated with the carcinogenic risk of human iPSC-derived cells. Summary: The single-cell expression atlas in the cardiomyocytes generated from human iPSCs provide potential carcinogenic information for the clinical application of human iPSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Ou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Min Zhao
- GeneCology Research Centre/Seaweed Research Group, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Chunhong Li
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China.,College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712, Texas, USA
| | - Weiguo Sui
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Chune Mo
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China .,Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin No. 181 Hospital, Guilin 541002, China
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MicroRNA-522-3p plays an oncogenic role in glioblastoma through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting SFRP2. Neuroreport 2021; 32:88-98. [PMID: 33395185 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the occurrence and development of glioblastoma. MiR-522-3p is a novel miRNA, which has been found to modulate tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, its pathological role and functional mechanism in glioblastoma remain elusive at present. METHOD The miR-522-3p expression in glioblastoma and adjacent normal tissues, human fetal astrocyte HA1800, and glioblastoma cell lines was detected by reverse transcription-PCR. The proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and Transwell assay, and apoptosis was calculated through flow cytometry. The downstream target of miR-522-3p was analyzed through bioinformatics, and the correlation between miR-522-3p and secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) was verified through dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment. Besides, western blot was conducted to test the level of SFRP2 and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. RESULTS MiR-522-3p was overexpressed in glioblastoma tissues compared with that in normal tissues, and the inhibition of miR-522-3p reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in glioblastoma. Bioinformatics revealed that SFRP2 was an essential downstream target of miR-522-3p, and it inhibited the malignant biological behaviors induced by miR-522-3p and inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION MiR-522-3p is an oncogene in glioblastoma by targeting SFRP2 through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Haltom AR, Toll SA, Cheng D, Maegawa S, Gopalakrishnan V, Khatua S. Medulloblastoma epigenetics and the path to clinical innovation. J Neurooncol 2020; 150:35-46. [PMID: 32816225 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, a number of genomic and pharmacological studies have demonstrated the importance of epigenetic dysregulation in medulloblastoma initiation and progression. High throughput approaches including gene expression array, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and methylation profiling have now clearly identified at least four molecular subgroups within medulloblastoma, each with distinct clinical and prognostic characteristics. These studies have clearly shown that despite the overall paucity of mutations, clinically relevant events do occur within the cellular epigenetic machinery. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the spectrum of epi-oncogenetic perturbations in medulloblastoma. METHODS Comprehensive review of epigenetic profiles of different subgroups of medulloblastoma in the context of molecular features. Epigenetic regulation is mediated mainly by DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs (miRNA). Importantly, epigenetic mis-events are reversible and have immense therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION The widespread epigenetic alterations present in these tumors has generated intense interest in their use as therapeutic targets. We provide an assessment of the progress that has been made towards the development of molecular subtypes-targeted therapies and the current status of clinical trials that have leveraged these recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Haltom
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie A Toll
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, USA
| | - Donghang Cheng
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shinji Maegawa
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Han M, Wang S, Fritah S, Wang X, Zhou W, Yang N, Ni S, Huang B, Chen A, Li G, Miletic H, Thorsen F, Bjerkvig R, Li X, Wang J. Interfering with long non-coding RNA MIR22HG processing inhibits glioblastoma progression through suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Brain 2020; 143:512-530. [PMID: 31891366 PMCID: PMC7009478 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs play critical roles in tumour progression. Through analysis of publicly available genomic datasets, we found that MIR22HG, the host gene of microRNAs miR-22-3p and miR-22-5p, is ranked among the most dysregulated long non-coding RNAs in glioblastoma. The main purpose of this work was to determine the impact of MIR22HG on glioblastoma growth and invasion and to elucidate its mechanistic function. The MIR22HG/miR-22 axis was highly expressed in glioblastoma as well as in glioma stem-like cells compared to normal neural stem cells. In glioblastoma, increased expression of MIR22HG is associated with poor prognosis. Through a number of functional studies, we show that MIR22HG silencing inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway through loss of miR-22-3p and -5p. This leads to attenuated cell proliferation, invasion and in vivo tumour growth. We further show that two genes, SFRP2 and PCDH15, are direct targets of miR-22-3p and -5p and inhibit Wnt signalling in glioblastoma. Finally, based on the 3D structure of the pre-miR-22, we identified a specific small-molecule inhibitor, AC1L6JTK, that inhibits the enzyme Dicer to block processing of pre-miR-22 into mature miR-22. AC1L6JTK treatment caused an inhibition of tumour growth in vivo. Our findings show that MIR22HG is a critical inducer of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, and that its targeting may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China.,NorLux Neuro-Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Sabrina Fritah
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Anjing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frits Thorsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China.,NorLux Neuro-Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,The Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, China.,NorLux Neuro-Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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16
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Patel TH, Norman L, Chang S, Abedi S, Liu C, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Thaker K, Lu S, Jazwinski SM, Miceli MV, Udar N, Bota D, Kenney MC. European mtDNA Variants Are Associated With Differential Responses to Cisplatin, an Anticancer Drug: Implications for Drug Resistance and Side Effects. Front Oncol 2019; 9:640. [PMID: 31380278 PMCID: PMC6659439 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin, a powerful antitumor agent, causes formation of DNA adducts, and activation of apoptotic pathways. Presently, cisplatin resistance develops in up to 70% of patients but the underlying molecular mechanism(s) are unclear and there are no markers to determine which patients will become resistant. Mitochondria play a significant role not only in energy metabolism but also retrograde signaling (mitochondria to nucleus) that modulates inflammation, complement, and apoptosis pathways. Maternally inherited mitochondrial (mt) DNA can be classified into haplogroups representing different ethnic populations that have diverse susceptibilities to diseases and medications. Methods: Transmitochondrial cybrids, where all cell lines possess identical nuclear genomes but either the H (Southern European) or J (Northern European) mtDNA haplogroups, were treated with cisplatin and analyzed for differential responses related to viability, oxidative stress, and expression levels of genes associated with cancer, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and resistance, apoptosis and signaling pathways. Results: The cisplatin-treated-J cybrids showed greater loss of cell viability along with lower levels of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential compared to cisplatin-treated-H cybrids. After cisplatin treatment, J cybrids showed increased gene expression of BAX, CASP3, and CYP51A, but lower levels of SFRP1 compared to untreated-J cybrids. The cisplatin-treated-H cybrids had elevated expression of CDKN1A/P21, which has a role in cisplatin toxicity, compared to untreated-H cybrids. The cisplatin-treated H had higher transcription levels of ABCC1, DHRS2/HEP27, and EFEMP1 compared to cisplatin-treated-J cybrids. Conclusions: Cybrid cell lines that contain identical nuclei but either H mtDNA mitochondria or J mtDNA mitochondria respond differently to cisplatin treatments suggesting involvement of the retrograde signaling (from mitochondria to nucleus) in the drug-induced cell death. Varying toxicities and transcription levels of the H vs. J cybrids after cisplatin treatment support the hypothesis that mtDNA variants play a role in the expression of genes affecting resistance and side effects of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej H Patel
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lucas Norman
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Steven Chang
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sina Abedi
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Catherine Liu
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shari R Atilano
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kunal Thaker
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie Lu
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,VA Medical Center Long Beach Hospital, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - S Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michael V Miceli
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nitin Udar
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Bota
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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17
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Poggi L, Casarosa S, Carl M. An Eye on the Wnt Inhibitory Factor Wif1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:167. [PMID: 30574494 PMCID: PMC6292148 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated interplay between extrinsic activating and repressing cell signaling molecules is pivotal for embryonic development and subsequent tissue homeostasis. This is well exemplified by studies on the evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathways. Tight temporal and spatial regulation of Wnt signaling activity is required throughout lifetime, from maternal stages before gastrulation until and throughout adulthood. Outside cells, the action of numerous Wnt ligands is counteracted and fine-tuned by only a handful of well characterized secreted inhibitors, such as for instance Dickkopf, secreted Frizzled Related Proteins and Cerberus. Here, we give an overview of our current understanding of another secreted Wnt signaling antagonist, the Wnt inhibitory factor Wif1. Wif1 can directly interact with various Wnt ligands and inhibits their binding to membrane bound receptors. Epigenetic promoter methylation of Wif1, leading to silencing of its transcription and concomitant up-regulation of Wnt signaling, is a common feature during cancer progression. Furthermore, an increasing number of reports describe Wif1 involvement in regulating processes during embryonic development, which so far has not received as much attention. We will summarize our knowledge on Wif1 function and its mode of action with a particular focus on the zebrafish (Danio rerio). In addition, we highlight the potential of Wif1 research to understand and possibly influence mechanisms underlying eye diseases and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Poggi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Ophthalmology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Simona Casarosa
- Laboratory of Neural Development and Regeneration, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Matthias Carl
- Laboratory of Translational Neurogenetics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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18
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Chen K, Liang H, Peng J, Zheng Y. [Expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 in DNA mismatch repair-deficient and mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancers]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1300-1305. [PMID: 30514676 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expressions of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) in stage Ⅱ DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) and mismatch repair- proficient (pMMR) colorectal cancers and explore their clinical significance. METHODS We collected fresh stage Ⅱ colon cancer tissues with different MMR status detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The differentially expressed mRNAs between dMMR and pMMR tumors were identified by Affymetrix Human oeLncRNA gene chip, and the expression of SFRP4 in these cancer tissues and in colorectal cancer cell lines were detected using Western blotting and real- time quantitative PCR. The apoptosis rates of HCT116 cells with and without siRNA- mediated transient SFRP4 knockdown were determined using flow cytometry. We further investigated the expression pattern of Ki-67 and its correlation with SFRP4 expression. RESULTS Compared with pMMR colon cancer tissues or cells, both dMMR colon cancer tissues (P=0.014) and cells (P=0.0079) showed significantly increased expression of SFRP4, which was in negative correlation with Ki-67 (P=0.041). In HCT116 cells, transient SFRP4 knockdown resulted in decreased cell apoptosis, including both early apoptosis (P=0.003) and late apoptosis (P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of SFRP4 in dMMR stage Ⅱ colon cancer promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of the cancer cells, and may improve the prognosis of dMMR colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexu Chen
- Center of Oncology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, China.,Center of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Center of Oncology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Jiewen Peng
- Center of Oncology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Center of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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19
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Erdrich J, Schaberg KB, Khodadoust MS, Zhou L, Shelton AA, Visser BC, Ford JM, Alizadeh AA, Quake SR, Kunz PL, Beausang JF. Surgical and molecular characterization of primary and metastatic disease in a neuroendocrine tumor arising in a tailgut cyst. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a003004. [PMID: 30087100 PMCID: PMC6169824 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arising from tailgut cysts are a rare but increasingly reported entity with gene expression profiles that may be indicative of the gastrointestinal cell of origin. We present a case report describing the unique pathological and genomic characteristics of a tailgut cyst NET that metastasized to liver. The histologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with a well-differentiated NET. Genomic testing indicates a germline frameshift in BRCA1 and a few somatic mutations of unknown significance. Transcriptomic analysis suggests an enteroendocrine L cell in the tailgut as a putative cell of origin. Genomic profiling of a rare NET and metastasis provides insight into its origin, development, and potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Erdrich
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kurt B Schaberg
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael S Khodadoust
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Andrew A Shelton
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Brendan C Visser
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - James M Ford
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Pamela L Kunz
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - John F Beausang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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20
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Epigenetic silencing of SFRP5 promotes the metastasis and invasion of chondrosarcoma by expression inhibition and Wnt signaling pathway activation. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:1-8. [PMID: 30125549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD/AIMS Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may be antagonized by the members of secreted frizzled-related proteins family (SFRPs), is implicated in tumor occurrence and development. However, the function of SFRP5 relating to Wnt/β-catenin pathway in chondrosarcoma is not clear yet. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of SFRP5 promoter methylation in chondrosarcoma metastasis and invasion through activating canonical Wnt signaling pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS The results demonstrated that SFRP5 promoter was hypermethylated and SFRP5 expression was significantly reduced in chondrosarcoma cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling was observably activated with β-catenin stabilization by dephosphorylation and translocation into the nuclear. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC), the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, significantly inhibited the proliferation of chondrosarcoma cells by cell cycle arrest through repressing the methylation of SFRP5 and promoting its expression. Both 5-Aza-dC treatment and SFRP5 overexpression could significantly inhibited the metastasis and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells by inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promoting chondrosarcoma cells mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). 5-Aza-dC also inhibited the xenograft growth and lung metastasis of chondrosarcoma cells in vivo via suppressing SFRP5 promotor methylation, inactivating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inducing epithelial markers expression. CONCLUSION All of our results revealed the epigenetic silencing of SFRP5 by promoter methylation plays pivotal roles in chondrosarcoma development and metastasis through SFRP5/Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis. Modulation of their levels may serve as potential targets and diagnostic tools for novel therapeutic strategies of chondrosarcoma.
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21
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Merino H, Singla DK. Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein-2 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis Mediated through the Akt-mTOR Pathway in Soleus Muscle. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6043064. [PMID: 30151071 PMCID: PMC6093014 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6043064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug known for its dose-dependent and serious adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity and myotoxicity. Dox-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) and muscle toxicity (DIMT) have been studied; however, the mechanisms of Dox-induced apoptosis in soleus muscle are not well defined. Our data shows that with Dox treatment, there is a significant increase in oxidative stress, apoptosis, proapoptotic protein BAX, pPTEN levels, and wnt3a and β-catenin activity (p < 0.05). Moreover, Dox treatment also resulted in decreased antioxidant levels, antiapoptotic BCL2, pAKT, p-mTOR, and endogenous levels of sFRP2 in the soleus muscle tissue (p < 0.05). Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) treatment attenuated the adverse effects of DIMT and apoptosis in the soleus muscle, evidenced by a decrease in oxidative stress, apoptosis, BAX, pPTEN, and wnt3a and β-catenin activity, as well as an increase in antioxidants, BCL2, pAKT, p-MTOR, and sFRP2 levels (p < 0.05). This data suggests that Dox-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis is mediated through both the Akt-mTOR and wnt/β-catenin pathways. Moreover, the data also shows that sFRP2 modulates these two pathways by increasing signaling of Akt-mTOR and decreased signaling of the wnt/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, our data suggests that sFRP2 has valuable therapeutic potential in reversing Dox-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in soleus muscle mediated through the Akt-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Merino
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Dinender K. Singla
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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22
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Bravo D, Salduz A, Shogren KL, Okuno MN, Herrick JL, Okuno SH, Galindo M, van Wijnen AJ, Yaszemski MJ, Maran A. Decreased local and systemic levels of sFRP3 protein in osteosarcoma patients. Gene 2018; 674:1-7. [PMID: 29933019 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that occurs mainly in children and adolescents. Because Wnt signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma, we have investigated the circulating and local levels of the Wnt antagonist protein, Secreted Frizzled Related Protein (sFRP) 3, in osteosarcoma patients. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of 67 osteosarcoma and age-matched non-diseased control sera showed that sFPR3 protein levels were significantly lower in osteosarcoma than in normal. Analysis of tumor and adjacent normal tissues (9 pairs) from osteosarcoma patients showed a decrease in sFRP3 expression in 5 out of 9 tumor samples compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarray revealed a significant decrease in sFRP3 levels in tumor compared to normal bone. RNA sequencing analysis in osteosarcoma cells shows suppression of sFRP3 and concomitant expression of multiple Wnt family members mediating canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling. Taken together, our findings show that the systemic and local levels of sFRP3 protein are downregulated in osteosarcoma and sFRP3 levels could be explored further in the diagnosis and the care of osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibel Bravo
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ahmet Salduz
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Madison N Okuno
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Herrick
- Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Mario Galindo
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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Yang S, Wang Y, Wang L, Shi Z, Ou X, Wu D, Zhang X, Hu H, Yuan J, Wang W, Cao F, Liu G. RNA-Seq reveals differentially expressed genes affecting polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage in the Huangshan Black chicken population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195132. [PMID: 29672513 PMCID: PMC5908183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids metabolic products determine meat quality in chickens. Identifying genes associated with fatty acids composition could provide valuable information for the complex genetic networks of genes with underlying variations in fatty acids synthesis. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted to explore the chicken transcriptome from the thigh muscle tissue of 6 Huangshan Black Chickens with 3 extremely high and low phenotypic values for percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In total, we obtained 41,139,108–44,901,729 uniquely mapped reads, which covered 74.15% of the current annotated transcripts including 18964 mRNA transcripts, across all the six thigh muscle tissue samples. Of these, we revealed 274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a highly significant correlation with polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage between the comparison groups based on the ratio of PUFA/SFA. Gene ontology and pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in particular biological processes affecting fatty acids metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs), and cell junction-related pathways. Integrated interpretation of differential gene expression and formerly reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) demonstrated that FADS2, DCN, FRZB, OGN, PRKAG3, LHFP, CHCHD10, CYTL1, FBLN5, and ADGRD1 are the most promising candidate genes affecting polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyuan Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Ou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Supervision and Management Bureau, Xuancheng, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Fuhu Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (FC); (GL)
| | - Guoqing Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (FC); (GL)
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Schlensog M, Magnus L, Heide T, Eschenbruch J, Steib F, Tator M, Kloten V, Rose M, Noetzel E, Gaisa NT, Knüchel R, Dahl E. Epigenetic loss of putative tumor suppressor SFRP3 correlates with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Epigenetics 2018; 13:214-227. [PMID: 27623992 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1229730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled related protein 3 (SFRP3) contains a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) that shares homology with Frizzled CRD and regulates WNT signaling. Independent studies showed epigenetic silencing of SFRP3 in melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, a tumor suppressive function of SFRP3 was shown in androgen-independent prostate and gastric cancer cells. The current study is the first to investigate SFRP3 expression and its potential clinical impact on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). WNT signaling components present on NSCLC subtypes were preliminary elucidated by expression data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified a distinct expression signature of relevant WNT signaling components that differ between adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Of interest, canonical WNT signaling is predominant in LUAD samples and non-canonical WNT signaling is predominant in LUSC. In line, high SFRP3 expression resulted in beneficial clinical outcome for LUAD but not for LUSC patients. Furthermore, SFRP3 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in NSCLC tissue compared to normal lung samples. TCGA data verified the reduction of SFRP3 in LUAD and LUSC patients. Moreover, DNA hypermethylation of SFRP3 was evaluated in the TCGA methylation dataset resulting in epigenetic inactivation of SFRP3 expression in LUAD, but not in LUSC, and was validated by pyrosequencing of our NSCLC tissue cohort and in vitro demethylation experiments. Immunohistochemistry confirmed SFRP3 protein downregulation in primary NSCLC and indicated abundant expression in normal lung tissue. Two adenocarcinoma gain-of-function models were used to analyze the functional impact of SFRP3 on cell proliferation and regulation of CyclinD1 expression in vitro. Our results indicate that SFRP3 acts as a novel putative tumor suppressor gene in adenocarcinoma of the lung possibly regulating canonical WNT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schlensog
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Lara Magnus
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Timon Heide
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Julian Eschenbruch
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Florian Steib
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Maximilian Tator
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Vera Kloten
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Michael Rose
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Erik Noetzel
- b Institute of Complex Systems, Research Center Jülich , Jülich , Germany
| | - Nadine T Gaisa
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- a Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.,c RWTH centralized Biomaterial Bank (RWTH cBMB) at the Institute of Pathology , Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
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Ren J, Jian F, Jiang H, Sun Y, Pan S, Gu C, Chen X, Wang W, Ning G, Bian L, Sun Q. Decreased expression of SFRP2 promotes development of the pituitary corticotroph adenoma by upregulating Wnt signaling. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1934-1946. [PMID: 29620167 PMCID: PMC5919716 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cushing's disease is primarily caused by pituitary adrenocorticotropin‑secreting adenoma. However, its pathogenesis has remained obscure. In the present study, whole transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA‑Seq) and expression of secreted frizzled‑related protein 2 (SFRP2) was decreased in corticotroph tumors compared with normal pituitary glands. Furthermore, the RNA‑Seq results were validated and the expression of SFRP2 in tumor tissues was analyzed by comparing another cohort of 23 patients with Cushing's disease and 3 normal human pituitary samples using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. Clinically, there was an association between lower SFRP2 expression and aggressive adenoma characteristics, including larger size and invasiveness. Conversely, SFRP2 overexpression reduced the ability of AtT20 cells to proliferate and migrate, and reduced production of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone in vitro. Mechanistically, overexpressed SFRP2 reduced the level of β‑catenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and decreased Wnt signaling activity in AtT20 cells. Therefore, SFRP2 appears to act as a tumor suppressor in Cushing's disease by regulating the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Jian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Sijian Pan
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Liuguan Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Qingfang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Bezerra Salomão K, Cruzeiro GAV, Bonfim-Silva R, Geron L, Ramalho F, Pinto Saggioro F, Serafini LN, Antunes Moreno D, de Paula Queiroz RG, Dos Santos Aguiar S, Cardinalli I, Yunes JA, Brandalise SR, Brassesco MS, Scrideli CA, Gonzaga Tone L. Reduced hydroxymethylation characterizes medulloblastoma while TET and IDH genes are differentially expressed within molecular subgroups. J Neurooncol 2018; 139:33-42. [PMID: 29582271 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medulloblastoma (MB) is an embryonal tumour that originates from genetic deregulation of cerebellar developmental pathways and is classified into 4 molecular subgroups: SHH, WNT, group 3, and group 4. Hydroxymethylation levels progressively increases during cerebellum development suggesting a possibility of deregulation in MB pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate global hydroxymethylation levels and changes in TET and IDH gene expression in MB samples compared to control cerebellum samples. METHODS The methods utilized were qRT-PCR for gene expression, dot-blot and immunohistochemistry for global hydroxymethylation levels and sequencing for the investigation of IDH mutations. RESULTS Our results show that global hydroxymethylation level was decreased in MB, and low 5hmC level was associated with the presence of metastasis. TET1 expression levels were decreased in the WNT subgroup, while TET3 expression levels were decreased in the SHH subgroup. Reduced TET3 expression levels were associated with the presence of events such as relapse and death. Higher expression of IDH1 was observed in MB group 3 samples, whereas no mutations were detected in exon 4 of IDH1 and IDH2. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that reduction of global hydroxymethylation levels, an epigenetic event, may be important for MB development and/or maintenance, representing a possible target in this tumour and indicating a possible interaction of TET and IDH genes with the developmental pathways specifically activated in the MB subgroups. These genes could be specific targets and markers for each subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Bezerra Salomão
- Department of Paediatrics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Alencastro Veiga Cruzeiro
- Department of Paediatrics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bonfim-Silva
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lenisa Geron
- Department of Paediatrics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ramalho
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Pinto Saggioro
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neder Serafini
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Antunes Moreno
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomes de Paula Queiroz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Izilda Cardinalli
- Boldrini Centre of Children, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Boldrini Centre of Children, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Sol Brassesco
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of Paediatrics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Paediatrics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
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27
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Silencing of CEMIP suppresses Wnt/β-catenin/Snail signaling transduction and inhibits EMT program of colorectal cancer cells. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:56-63. [PMID: 29173982 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration inducing hyaluronan binding protein (CEMIP) is a hyaluronic acid binding protein, the abnormal elevation of which is suggested as a contributor in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer cells lose their adhesive properties and acquire an enhanced mobility by undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study is performed to investigate whether and how CEMIP orchestrates the EMT process of CRC cells. To avoid the unexpected off-target effects possibly caused by one single shRNA, two shRNAs targeting different mRNA regions of CEMIP gene were used to knock down the mRNA and protein expression of CEMIP. Our data showed that the proliferation, migration and invasion of two CRC cell lines, HCT116 and SW480 cells, were inhibited by CEMIP shRNA. We here defined EMT as the complete or partial loss of E-cadherin and zona occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) (epithelial markers) and the gain of Vimentin and N-cadherin (mesenchymal markers), and found that the EMT process was attenuated in CEMIP-silenced SW480 cells. Snail, a direct target of β-catenin/T cell factor complex, is known to activate the EMT program during cancer metastasis. CEMIP shRNA was further found to suppress the Wnt/β-catenin/Snail signaling transduction in CRC cells as manifested by the decreased nuclear β-catenin and Snail. Collectively, our work demonstrates that CEMIP contributes to metastatic phenotype of CRC cells in vitro.
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28
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Methylation-associated silencing of SFRP1 gene in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 31:45-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yang Y, Fu Q, Liu Y, Wang X, Dunham R, Liu S, Bao L, Zeng Q, Zhou T, Li N, Qin Z, Jiang C, Gao D, Liu Z. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals conserved branching morphogenesis related genes involved in chamber formation of catfish swimbladder. Physiol Genomics 2017; 50:67-76. [PMID: 29167198 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00089.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The swimbladder is an internal gas-filled organ in teleosts. Its major function is to regulate buoyancy. The swimbladder exhibits great variation in size, shape, and number of compartments or chambers among teleosts. However, genomic control of swimbladder variation is unknown. Channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus), blue catfish ( Ictalurus furcatus), and their F1 hybrids of female channel catfish × male blue catfish (C × B hybrid catfish) provide a good model in which to investigate the swimbladder morphology, because channel catfish possess a single-chambered swimbladder, whereas blue catfish possess a bichambered swimbladder; C × B hybrid catfish possess a bichambered swimbladder but with a significantly reduced posterior chamber. Here we determined the transcriptional profiles of swimbladder from channel catfish, blue catfish, and C × B hybrid catfish. We examined their transcriptomes at both the fingerling and adult stages. Through comparative transcriptome analysis, ~4,000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these DEGs, members of the Wnt signaling pathway ( wnt1, wnt2, nfatc1, rac2), Hedgehog signaling pathway ( shh), and growth factors ( fgf10, igf-1) were identified. As these genes were known to be important for branching morphogenesis of mammalian lung and of mammary glands, their association with budding of the posterior chamber primordium and progressive development of bichambered swimbladder in fish suggest that these branching morphogenesis-related genes and their functions in branching are evolutionarily conserved across a broad spectrum of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama.,Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Rex Dunham
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Lisui Bao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Qifan Zeng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Ning Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Chen Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Dongya Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiometabolic diseases increasingly afflict our aging, dysmetabolic population. Complex signals regulating low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and frizzled protein family members - the plasma membrane receptors for the cadre of Wnt polypeptide morphogens - contribute to the control of cardiovascular homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Both canonical (β-catenin-dependent) and noncanonical (β-catenin-independent) Wnt signaling programs control vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell phenotypic modulation in cardiometabolic disease. LRP6 limits VSM proliferation, reduces arteriosclerotic transcriptional reprogramming, and preserves insulin sensitivity while LRP5 restrains foam cell formation. Adipose, skeletal muscle, macrophages, and VSM have emerged as important sources of circulating Wnt ligands that are dynamically regulated during the prediabetes-diabetes transition with cardiometabolic consequences. Platelets release Dkk1, a LRP5/LRP6 inhibitor that induces endothelial inflammation and the prosclerotic endothelial-mesenchymal transition. By contrast, inhibitory secreted frizzled-related proteins shape the Wnt signaling milieu to limit myocardial inflammation with ischemia-reperfusion injury. VSM sclerostin, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling in bone, restrains remodeling that predisposes to aneurysm formation, and is downregulated in aneurysmal vessels by epigenetic methylation. SUMMARY Components of the Wnt signaling cascade represent novel targets for pharmacological intervention in cardiometabolic disease. Conversely, strategies targeting the Wnt signaling cascade for other therapeutic purposes will have cardiovascular consequences that must be delineated to establish clinically useful pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Gay
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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31
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Durand S, Trillet K, Uguen A, Saint-Pierre A, Le Jossic-Corcos C, Corcos L. A transcriptome-based protein network that identifies new therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:758. [PMID: 28962550 PMCID: PMC5622428 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer occurrence is increasing worldwide, making it the third most frequent cancer. Although many therapeutic options are available and quite efficient at the early stages, survival is strongly decreased when the disease has spread to other organs. The identification of molecular markers of colon cancer is likely to help understanding its course and, eventually, to uncover novel genes to be targeted by drugs. In this study, we compared gene expression in a set of 95 human colon cancer samples to that in 19 normal colon mucosae, focusing on 401 genes from 5 selected pathways (Apoptosis, Cancer, Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein signaling, Drug metabolism, Wnt/beta-catenin). Deregulation of mRNA levels largely matched that of proteins, leading us to build in silico protein networks, starting from mRNA levels, to identify key proteins central to network activity. Results Among the analyzed genes, 10.5% (42) had no reported link with colon cancer, including the SFRP1, IGF1 and ADH1B (down), and MYC and IL8 (up), whose encoded proteins were most interacting with other proteins from the same or even distinct networks. Analyzing all pathways globally led us to uncover novel functional links between a priori unrelated or rather remotely connected pathways, such as the Drug metabolism and the Cancer pathways or, even more strikingly, between the Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein signaling and the Cancer pathways. In addition, we analyzed the responsiveness of some of the deregulated genes essential to network activities, to chemotherapeutic agents used alone or in presence of Lovastatin, a lipid-lowering drug. Some of these treatments could oppose the deregulations occurring in cancer samples, including those of the CHECK2, CYP51A1, HMGCS1, ITGA2, NME1 or VEGFA genes. Conclusions Our network-based approach allowed discovering genes not previously known to play regulatory roles in colon cancer. Our results also showed that selected drug treatments might revert the cancer-specific deregulation of genes playing prominent roles within the networks operating to maintain colon homeostasis. Among those genes, some could constitute novel testable targets to eliminate colon cancer cells, either directly or, potentially, through the use of lipid-lowering drugs such as statins, in association with selected anticancer drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4139-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Durand
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Killian Trillet
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Arnaud Uguen
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France.,Department of Pathology, Brest University Hospital, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Aude Saint-Pierre
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Epidemiology, genetic Epidemiology and population genetics" team, 46 rue Félix Le Dantec, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Catherine Le Jossic-Corcos
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Corcos
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France. .,INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" laboratory, University of Western Brittany (UBO), Faculty of medicine, 22, rue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France.
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Computationally Design of Inhibitory Peptides Against Wnt Signaling Pathway: In Silico Insight on Complex of DKK1 and LRP6. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Subashini C, Dhanesh SB, Chen CM, Riya PA, Meera V, Divya TS, Kuruvilla R, Buttler K, James J. Wnt5a is a crucial regulator of neurogenesis during cerebellum development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42523. [PMID: 28205531 PMCID: PMC5311982 DOI: 10.1038/srep42523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Wnt5a has been extensively explored in various aspects of development but its role in cerebellar development remains elusive. Here, for the first time we unravel the expression pattern and functional significance of Wnt5a in cerebellar development using Wnt5a−/− and Nestin-Cre mediated conditional knockout mouse models. We demonstrate that loss of Wnt5a results in cerebellar hypoplasia and depletion of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Besides, Purkinje cells of the mutants displayed stunted, poorly branched dendritic arbors. Furthermore, we show that the overall reduction is due to decreased radial glial and granule neuron progenitor cell proliferation. At molecular level we provide evidence for non-canonical mode of action of Wnt5a and its regulation over genes associated with progenitor proliferation. Altogether our findings imply that Wnt5a signaling is a crucial regulator of cerebellar development and would aid in better understanding of cerebellar disease pathogenesis caused due to deregulation of Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Subashini
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 014, India
| | - Sivadasan Bindu Dhanesh
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 014, India
| | - Chih-Ming Chen
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., 224 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Paul Ann Riya
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 014, India
| | - Vadakkath Meera
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 014, India
| | - Thulasi Sheela Divya
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 014, India
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., 224 Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kerstin Buttler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jackson James
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 014, India
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Fabijanovic D, Zunic I, Martic TN, Skenderi F, Serman L, Vranic S. The expression of SFRP1, SFRP3, DVL1, and DVL2 proteins in testicular germ cell tumors. APMIS 2016; 124:942-949. [PMID: 27599467 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell tumors of the testis are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that affect male adolescents and young adults. Wnt signaling pathway components have been shown to be actively involved in normal and malignant germ cell differentiation and progression. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression patterns of the secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) and Disheveled protein family (DVL) in a subset of testicular germ cell tumors. Eighty-five formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of the primary germ cell tumors of the testis were stained against SFRP1, SFRP3, DVL1, and DVL2 proteins using immunohistochemistry. SFRP1 and SFRP3 exhibited lower expression in both seminomas and mixed/non-seminomatous tumors, compared with atrophic/benign tissue (p < 0.001). SFRP3 expression was lower than SFRP1 expression within the seminoma group (p = 0.004), but not within the mixed/non-seminomatous group (p = 0.409). The majority of the tested cases (27/28, 96%) exhibited low DVL1 protein expression (median 0%, range 0-90%). In contrast, 20 out of 22 tested cases (91%) exhibited strong expression of DVL2 protein (median 80%, range 0-100%). No significant difference in DVL1 and DVL2 protein expression was observed between seminomas and mixed/non-seminomatous tumors (p = 0.68 and 0.29). The secreted frizzled-related protein and disheveled protein family members appear to be actively involved in the pathogenesis of primary testicular germ cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Fabijanovic
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iris Zunic
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Faruk Skenderi
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ljiljana Serman
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Semir Vranic
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Sui H, Xu H, Ji Q, Liu X, Zhou L, Song H, Zhou X, Xu Y, Chen Z, Cai J, Ji G, Li Q. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HT1DR) promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by regulating Axin1/β-catenin/MMP-7 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26214021 PMCID: PMC4694879 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in human cancer contributes to tumor metastasis, but the role of 5-HT receptor family in cancer has not been thoroughly explored. Here, we report overexpression of 5-HT1D receptor (5-HT1DR) was associated with Wnt signaling pathway and advanced tumor stage. The underlying mechanism of 5-HT1DR-promoted tumor invasion was through its activation on the Axin1/β-catenin/MMP-7 pathway. In an orthotopic colorectal cancer mouse model, we demonstrated that a 5-HT1DR antagonist (GR127935) effectively inhibited tumor metastasis through targeting Axin1. Furthermore, in intestinal epithelium cells, we observed that 5-HT1DR played an important role in cell invasion via Axin1/β-catenin/MMP-7 pathway. Together, our findings reveal an essential role of the physiologic level of 5-HT1DR in pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiqiu Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yangxian Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhesheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Patties I, Kortmann RD, Menzel F, Glasow A. Enhanced inhibition of clonogenic survival of human medulloblastoma cells by multimodal treatment with ionizing irradiation, epigenetic modifiers, and differentiation-inducing drugs. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:94. [PMID: 27317342 PMCID: PMC4912728 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain tumor. Current treatment regimes consisting of primary surgery followed by radio- and chemotherapy, achieve 5-year overall survival rates of only about 60 %. Therapy-induced endocrine and neurocognitive deficits are common late adverse effects. Thus, improved antitumor strategies are urgently needed. In this study, we combined irradiation (IR) together with epigenetic modifiers and differentiation inducers in a multimodal approach to enhance the efficiency of tumor therapy in MB and also assessed possible late adverse effects on neurogenesis. Methods In three human MB cell lines (DAOY, MEB-Med8a, D283-Med) short-time survival (trypan blue exclusion assay), apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle distribution, formation of gH2AX foci, and long-term reproductive survival (clonogenic assay) were analyzed after treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-azadC), valproic acid (VPA), suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), abacavir (ABC), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and resveratrol (RES) alone or combined with 5-aza-dC and/or IR. Effects of combinatorial treatments on neurogenesis were evaluated in cultured murine hippocampal slices from transgenic nestin-CFPnuc C57BL/J6 mice. Life imaging of nestin-positive neural stem cells was conducted at distinct time points for up to 28 days after treatment start. Results All tested drugs showed a radiosynergistic action on overall clonogenic survival at least in two-outof-three MB cell lines. This effect was pronounced in multimodal treatments combining IR, 5-aza-dC and a second drug. Hereby, ABC and RES induced the strongest reduction of clongenic survival in all three MB cell lines and led to the induction of apoptosis (RES, ABC) and/or autophagy (ABC). Additionally, 5-aza-dC, RES, and ABC increased the S phase cell fraction and induced the formation of gH2AX foci at least in oneout-of-three cell lines. Thereby, the multimodal treatment with 5-aza-dC, IR, and RES or ABC did not change the number of normal neural progenitor cells in murine slice cultures. Conclusion In conclusion, the radiosensitizing capacities of epigenetic and differentiation-inducing drugs presented here suggest that their adjuvant administration might improve MB therapy. Thereby, the combination of 5-aza-dC/IR with ABC and RES seemed to be the most promising to enhance tumor control without affecting the normal neural precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Patties
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Rolf-Dieter Kortmann
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Franziska Menzel
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annegret Glasow
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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MiR-27a regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through targeting SFRP1 in glioma. Neuroreport 2016; 26:695-702. [PMID: 26164457 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common intracranial tumors, and the prognosis is poor, although more and more treatments are employed. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has been reported to be associated with glioma. SFRP1 acts as an antagonist and inhibits Wnt signaling by binding to Wnt molecules. In the present study, we aimed to investigate miRNA-27a as an antineoplastic factor that inhibits the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by binding to the SFRP1 3'-UTR in glioma in vitro. We first showed that the expression of miR-27a was elevated in both glioma samples and cell lines. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-27a induced growth inhibition, cycle arrest, and apoptosis, and suppressed invasion/migration in glioma cell lines. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and luciferase assay analysis showed that SFRP1 is a direct target of miR-27a. Overexpression of SFRP1 inhibited the malignancy of glioma cell lines. Our investigation showed that downregulation of miR-27a suppressed beta-catenin/TCF-4 transcription activity by targeting SFRP1. Our findings identify a role for miR-27a in glioma cell viability, cycle, apoptosis, and invasion/migration after activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling through SFRP1.
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Zheng L, Jiang H, Zhang ZW, Wang KN, Wang QF, Li QL, Jiang T. Arsenic trioxide inhibits viability and induces apoptosis through reactivating the Wnt inhibitor secreted frizzled related protein-1 in prostate cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:885-94. [PMID: 26966376 PMCID: PMC4770067 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s92129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence suggests that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell growth in prostate cancer (PCa), although details of the mechanism are still inconclusive. We investigated the antitumor effect of As2O3 in human PCa cell lines LNCaP and PC3 and the underlying mechanisms by focusing on the Wnt signaling pathway. Methods The effect of As2O3 on the viability and apoptosis of PCa cells was investigated by cholecystokinin-8 and flow cytometry. The expression of the related proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway and the downstream target genes of the Wnt signaling pathway was examined by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR assay. The methylation status of the SFRP1 gene promoter was assessed by bisulfite sequencing. Results As2O3 inhibited the viability of PCa cells and induced apoptosis of PCa cells in a dose-dependent manner. The protein level of phosphoglycogen synthase kinase-3β was upregulated, whereas the protein level of β-catenin and the mRNA levels of c-MYC, MMP-7, and COX-2 were downregulated in a dose-dependent manner in PCa cells treated with As2O3. In addition, As2O3 upregulated the protein and mRNA levels of secreted frizzled related protein-1, and increased the demethylation of the SFRP1 gene promoter. Conclusion Our results suggest that As2O3 may inhibit cell viability and induce apoptosis through reactivating the Wnt inhibitor secreted frizzled related protein-1 in both androgen-dependent and -independent human PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Nan Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Lin Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Pai P, Rachagani S, Dhawan P, Batra SK. Mucins and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastrointestinal cancers: an unholy nexus. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:223-32. [PMID: 26762229 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is indispensable for embryonic development, maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis and repair of epithelial injury. Unsurprisingly, aberrations in this pathway occur frequently in many cancers and often result in increased nuclear β-catenin. While mutations in key pathway members, such as β-catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli, are early and frequent occurrences in most colorectal cancers (CRC), mutations in canonical pathway members are rare in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Instead, in the majority of PDACs, indirect mechanisms such as promoter methylation, increased ligand secretion and decreased pathway inhibitor secretion work in concert to promote aberrant cytosolic/nuclear localization of β-catenin. Concomitant with alterations in β-catenin localization, changes in mucin expression and localization have been documented in multiple malignancies. Indeed, numerous studies over the years suggest an intricate and mutually regulatory relationship between mucins (MUCs) and β-catenin. In the current review, we summarize several studies that describe the relationship between mucins and β-catenin in gastrointestinal malignancies, with particular emphasis upon colorectal and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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SFRP2 augments WNT16B signaling to promote therapeutic resistance in the damaged tumor microenvironment. Oncogene 2016; 35:4321-34. [PMID: 26751775 PMCID: PMC4994019 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most tumors initially respond to cytotoxic treatments, but acquired resistance often follows. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major barrier to clinical success by compromising therapeutic efficacy, and pathological relevance of multiple soluble factors released by a therapeutically remodeled TME remains largely unexplored. Here we show that the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), a Wnt pathway modulator, is produced by human primary fibroblasts after genotoxic treatments. SFRP2 induction is remarkable in tumor stroma, with transcription mainly modulated by the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) complex, a property shared by several effectors of the DNA damage secretory program. Instead of directly altering canonical Wnt signaling, SFRP2 augments β-catenin activities initiated by WNT16B, another soluble factor from DNA-damaged stroma. WNT16B recognizes cancer cell surface receptors including frizzled (FZD) 3/4/6, a process enhanced by SFRP2, coordinated by the co-receptor LRP6 but subject to abrogation by DKK1. Importantly, we found WNT16B plays a central role in promoting advanced malignancies particularly acquired resistance by counteracting cell death, an effect that can be minimized by a neutralizing antibody co-administered with classical chemotherapy. Furthermore, DNA damage-triggered expression of WNT16B is systemic, imaged by significant induction among diverse solid organs and circulation in peripheral blood, thereby holding promise as not only a TME-derived anticancer target but also a novel biomarker for clinical evaluation of treatment efficacy. Overall, our study substantiates the biological complexity and pathological implication of a therapy-activated TME, and provides the proof of principle of co-targeting tumor and the TME to prevent acquired resistance, with the aim of improving intervention outcome in an era of precision medicine.
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Grossman R, Ram Z. Posterior Fossa Intra-Axial Tumors in Adults. World Neurosurg 2015; 88:140-145. [PMID: 26743385 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The posterior fossa is the site of many types of tumors, and brain metastases are the most common malignancies in that location among adults. Other brain tumors, such as ependymomas, medulloblastomas, and juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas, mostly occur during childhood and are relatively rare in adults. Most primary malignant brain tumors, such as gliomas and lymphomas, tend to be located in the supratentorial compartment. METHODS This review summarizes prognostic factors, therapeutic management, and molecular data of intra-axial posterior fossa tumors in adults, including ependymomas, medulloblastomas, and pilocytic astrocytomas. RESULTS The literature on intra-axial posterior fossa tumors in adults relies mainly on limited retrospective clinical studies, and such studies employ a wide range of treatment approaches that are usually based on therapies developed specifically for children or for supratentorial brain tumors. CONCLUSIONS The clinical course and surgical outcome of adult patients with intra-axial brain tumors in the posterior fossa are summarized in this review. The prognostic factors and therapeutic management of patients with these tumors are controversial because of their rarity, their heterogeneity, and the lack of sufficient data in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Zvi Ram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Gopalakrishnan V, Tao RH, Dobson T, Brugmann W, Khatua S. Medulloblastoma development: tumor biology informs treatment decisions. CNS Oncol 2015; 4:79-89. [PMID: 25768332 DOI: 10.2217/cns.14.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Current treatments including surgery, craniospinal radiation and high-dose chemotherapy have led to improvement in survival. However, the risk for recurrence as well as significant long-term neurocognitive and endocrine sequelae associated with current treatment modalities underscore the urgent need for novel tumor-specific, normal brain-sparing therapies. It has also provided the impetus for research focused on providing a better understanding of medulloblastoma biology. The expectation is that such studies will lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets and eventually to an increase in personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Han S, Cao C, Tang T, Lu C, Xu J, Wang S, Xue L, Zhang X, Li M. ROBO3 promotes growth and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 366:61-70. [PMID: 26070964 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma is a highly lethal malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis. Recent genome-wide studies have implicated axon guidance pathways, including the SLIT/ROBO pathway, in pancreatic tumor development and progression. Here we showed that ROBO3 expression is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue samples and cell lines. Over-expression of ROBO3 promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in mouse xenograft tumor models. We identified miR-383 as a suppressor of ROBO3, and revealed its expression to be inversely correlated with ROBO3. Over-expression of ROBO3 activates Wnt pathway components, β-catenin and GSK-3, and the expression of markers indicating an EMT. By means of immunoprecipitation, we revealed an interaction between Wnt inhibitor SFRP and ROBO3 in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our work suggests that ROBO3 may contribute to the progression of pancreatic cancer by sequestering Wnt inhibitor SFRP, which in turn leads to increased Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity. We also confirmed that ROBO3 increases with clinical grade and miR-383 expression is inversely correlated to that of ROBO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Han
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chuanwu Cao
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chenhui Lu
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jichong Xu
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Maoquan Li
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Brandes AA, Bartolotti M, Marucci G, Ghimenton C, Agati R, Fioravanti A, Mascarin M, Volpin L, Ammannati F, Masotto B, Gardiman MP, De Biase D, Tallini G, Crisi G, Bartolini S, Franceschi E. New perspectives in the treatment of adult medulloblastoma in the era of molecular oncology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 94:348-59. [PMID: 25600839 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common central nervous system tumor in children, while it is extremely rare in adults. Multimodal treatment involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of this disease, and recent advances in molecular biology have allowed the identification of molecular subgroups (WNT, SHH, Groups 3 and 4), each of which have different cytogenetic, mutational and gene expression signatures, demographics, histology and prognosis. The present review focuses on the state of the art for adult medulloblastoma treatment and on novel molecular advances and their future implications in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba A Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Bartolotti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University, of Bologna, Section of Pathology, M. Malpighi, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Agati
- Department of Neuroradiology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Fioravanti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bellaria Hospital - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Volpin
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Franco Ammannati
- Department of Neurosurgery I, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Barbara Masotto
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Paola Gardiman
- Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Medicine (DIMES) - Anatomic Pathology Unit, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (DIMES) - Anatomic Pathology Unit, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Girolamo Crisi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
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Diagnostic value of SFRP1 as a favorable predictive and prognostic biomarker in patients with prostate cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118276. [PMID: 25719802 PMCID: PMC4342152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing genetic and molecular biological evidence suggests that the disruption of balance between Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein-1 (SFRP1) and β-catenin plays an important role in the initiation and development of multiple cancers. The aim of this study was to examine whether the expression of SFRP1 and β-catenin is associated with the clinical-pathologic features of patients with prostate cancer (PCa), and to evaluate their potential roles as predictive and prognostic biomarkers. In this study, a total of 61 patients with PCa and 10 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were included, and we showed that the expression of SFRP1 and β-catenin was correlated with the Gleason score, survival rate and response for endocrine therapy of PCa. The survival rates of PCa patients with low SFRP1 expression (P = 0.016) or high β-catenin expression (P = 0.004) were significantly poorer. A negative correlation (r = -0.275, P = 0.032) between SFRP1 and β-catenin was observed by Chi-square test. Multivariate analysis suggested that SFRP1 (hazard ratio, 0.429; 95% confidence intervals, 0.227–0.812; P = 0.009) may serve as an independent predictive and prognostic factor for PCa. We also showed that the protein and mRNA levels of SFRP1 in androgen-dependent PCa cell line LNCaP were significantly higher than those in androgen-independent PCa cell lines DU145 and PC3. However, the protein level of β-catenin in LNCaP cells was significantly lower than that in DU145 and PC3 cells, and no significant difference of β-catenin mRNA level was observed in LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 cells. Bisulfite sequencing PCR assay revealed significantly lower methylation level of SFRP1 promoter in LNCaP cells than that in DU145 and PC3 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that SFRP1, which expression inversely correlates with that of β-catenin, is a favorable predictive and prognostic biomarker.
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Swartling FJ, Čančer M, Frantz A, Weishaupt H, Persson AI. Deregulated proliferation and differentiation in brain tumors. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 359:225-54. [PMID: 25416506 PMCID: PMC4286433 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons, is deregulated in neural stem cell (NSC)- and progenitor-derived murine models of malignant medulloblastoma and glioma, the most common brain tumors of children and adults, respectively. Molecular characterization of human malignant brain tumors, and in particular brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs), has identified neurodevelopmental transcription factors, microRNAs, and epigenetic factors known to inhibit neuronal and glial differentiation. We are starting to understand how these factors are regulated by the major oncogenic drivers in malignant brain tumors. In this review, we will focus on the molecular switches that block normal neuronal differentiation and induce brain tumor formation. Genetic or pharmacological manipulation of these switches in BTSCs has been shown to restore the ability of tumor cells to differentiate. We will discuss potential brain tumor therapies that will promote differentiation in order to reduce treatment resistance, suppress tumor growth, and prevent recurrence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Matko Čančer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Aaron Frantz
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Anders I Persson
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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An C, Guo H, Wen XM, Tang CY, Yang J, Zhu XW, Yin JY, Liu Q, Ma JC, Deng ZQ, Lin J, Qian J. Clinical significance of reducedSFRP1expression in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:2056-60. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.977883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Xiao C, Wang L, Zhu L, Zhang C, Zhou J. Secreted frizzled‑related protein 2 is epigenetically silenced and functions as a tumor suppressor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2293-8. [PMID: 25189527 PMCID: PMC4214353 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of epigenetic inactivation of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) and its functions in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that SFRP2 mRNA was detected in 97.96% of tumor-adjacent normal tissues, while its expression was only detected in 16.33% of the tumor samples. In addition, the loss of SFRP2 expression was associated with hypermethylation of its promoter. As expected, the overexpression of SFRP2 in OSCC cell lines (Tca8113) suppressed cell proliferation and arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase. Overexpression of SFRP2 also effectively repressed tumor growth in xenograft animals. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SFRP2 inhibited the development of OSCC in vitro and in vivo through an increase in the expression levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and a decrease in the expression level of cyclin D1, a direct read-out gene of active Wnt signaling. In addition, an increase in the expression of β-catenin was observed in the Tca8113/SFRP2 cells and in the animal models overexpressing SFRP2. Therefore, the results of the present study provide insight into the role of SFRP2 as a functional tumor suppressor in the development of OSCC through inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. Further studies on the precise mechanisms underlying the inhibition of Wnt signaling by SFRP2 and its association with β-catenin are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xiao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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Marino AM, Frijhoff J, Calero R, Baryawno N, Östman A, Johnsen JI. Effects of epigenetic modificators in combination with small molecule inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases on medulloblastoma growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1600-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Huth L, Rose M, Kloubert V, Winkens W, Schlensog M, Hartmann A, Knüchel R, Dahl E. BDNF is associated with SFRP1 expression in luminal and basal-like breast cancer cell lines and primary breast cancer tissues: a novel role in tumor suppression? PLoS One 2014; 9:e102558. [PMID: 25036590 PMCID: PMC4103839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1) functions as an important inhibitor of the Wnt pathway and is a known tumor suppressor gene, which is epigenetically silenced in a variety of tumors e.g. in breast cancer. However, it is still unclear how SFRP1 exactly affects the Wnt pathway. Our aim was to decipher SFRP1 involvement in biochemical signaling in dependency of different breast cancer subtypes and to identify novel SFRP1-regulated genes. We generated SFRP1 over-expressing in vitro breast cancer models, reflecting the two major subtypes by using basal-like BT20 and luminal-like HER2-positive SKBR3 cells. DNA microarray expression profiling of these models revealed that SFRP1 expression potentially modulates Bone morphogenetic protein- and Smoothened signaling (p<0.01), in addition to the known impact on Wnt signaling. Importantly, further statistical analysis revealed that in dependency of the cancer subtype model SFRP1 may affect the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathway (p<0.01), respectively. While SFRP1 re-expression generally mediated distinct patterns of transcriptionally induced or repressed genes in BT20 and SKBR3 cells, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was identified as a SFRP1 induced gene in both cell lines. Although BDNF has been postulated as a putative oncogene, the co-regulation with SFRP1 indicates a potential suppressive function in breast cancer. Indeed, a positive correlation between SFRP1 and BDNF protein expression could be shown (p<0.001) in primary breast cancer samples. Moreover, TCGA dataset based analysis clearly underscores that BDNF mRNA is down-regulated in primary breast cancer samples predicting a poor prognosis of these patients. In line, we functionally provide evidence that stable BDNF re-expression in basal-like BT20 breast cancer cells blocks tumor cell proliferation. Hence, our results suggest that BDNF might rather mediate suppressive than promoting function in human breast cancer whose mode of action should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Huth
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Rose
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Veronika Kloubert
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Winkens
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Schlensog
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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