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Oh HJ, Bae SC, Oh IJ, Park CK, Jung KM, Kim DM, Lee JW, Kang CK, Park IY, Kim YC. Nicotinamide in Combination with EGFR-TKIs for the Treatment of Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR Mutations: A Randomized Double-Blind (Phase IIb) Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1478-1487. [PMID: 38593249 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor gene, which is inactivated in approximately 70% of lung adenocarcinomas. Nicotinamide, a sirtuin inhibitor, has demonstrated potential in re-activating epigenetically silenced RUNX3 in cancer cells. This study assessed the therapeutic benefits of combining nicotinamide with first-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for patients with stage IV lung cancer carrying EGFR mutations. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed the impact of nicotinamide on carcinogen-induced lung adenocarcinomas in mice and observed that nicotinamide increased RUNX3 levels and inhibited lung cancer growth. Subsequently, 110 consecutive patients with stage IV lung cancer who had EGFR mutations were recruited: 70 females (63.6%) and 84 never-smokers (76.4%). The patients were randomly assigned to receive either nicotinamide (1 g/day, n = 55) or placebo (n = 55). The primary and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 54.3 months, the nicotinamide group exhibited a median PFS of 12.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 10.4-18.3], while the placebo group had a PFS of 10.9 months (9.0-13.2; P = 0.2). The median OS was similar in the two groups (31.0 months with nicotinamide vs. 29.4 months with placebo; P = 0.2). Notably, subgroup analyses revealed a significant reduction in mortality risk for females (P = 0.01) and never-smokers (P = 0.03) treated with nicotinamide. CONCLUSIONS The addition of nicotinamide with EGFR-TKIs demonstrated potential improvements in PFS and OS, with notable survival benefits for female patients and those who had never smoked (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02416739).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Joo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, and CNU Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, and CNU Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, and CNU Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mi Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Da-Mi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Chang Kyun Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Il Yeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, and CNU Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeonnam, South Korea
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Xia G, Zhou G, Jiang W, Chu C, Wang L, Moorthy B. Attenuation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Induced Carcinogenesis and Tumorigenesis by Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Mice In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3781. [PMID: 38612589 PMCID: PMC11012139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A and 1B1 to DNA-reactive metabolites, which could lead to mutations in critical genes, eventually resulting in cancer. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are beneficial against cancers. In this investigation, we elucidated the mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA will attenuate PAH-DNA adducts and lung carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis mediated by the PAHs BP and MC. Adult wild-type (WT) (A/J) mice, Cyp1a1-null, Cyp1a2-null, or Cyp1b1-null mice were exposed to PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (BP) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), and the effects of omega-3 fatty acid on PAH-mediated lung carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis were studied. The major findings were as follows: (i) omega-3 fatty acids significantly decreased PAH-DNA adducts in the lungs of each of the genotypes studied; (ii) decreases in PAH-DNA adduct levels by EPA/DHA was in part due to inhibition of CYP1B1; (iii) inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enhanced the EPA/DHA-mediated prevention of pulmonary carcinogenesis; and (iv) EPA/DHA attenuated PAH-mediated carcinogenesis in part by epigenetic mechanisms. Taken together, our results suggest that omega-3 fatty acids have the potential to be developed as cancer chemo-preventive agents in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Xia
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens’ Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.X.); (W.J.); (C.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Guodong Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens’ Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.X.); (W.J.); (C.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Chun Chu
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens’ Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.X.); (W.J.); (C.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Lihua Wang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens’ Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.X.); (W.J.); (C.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens’ Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.X.); (W.J.); (C.C.); (L.W.)
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Chen X, Wang L, Yang M, Zhao W, Tu J, Liu B, Yuan X. RUNX transcription factors: biological functions and implications in cancer. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38430423 PMCID: PMC10908630 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) are a family of transcription factors that are essential for normal and malignant hematopoietic processes. Their most widely recognized role in malignancy is to promote the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia. However, it is worth noting that during the last decade, studies of RUNX proteins in solid tumors have made considerable progress, suggesting that these proteins are directly involved in different stages of tumor development, including tumor initiation, progression, and invasion. RUNX proteins also play a role in tumor angiogenesis, the maintenance of tumor cell stemness, and resistance to antitumor drugs. These findings have led to the consideration of RUNX as a tumor biomarker. All RUNX proteins are involved in the occurrence and development of solid tumors, but the role of each RUNX protein in different tumors and the major signaling pathways involved are complicated by tumor heterogeneity and the interacting tumor microenvironment. Understanding how the dysregulation of RUNX in tumors affects normal biological processes is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RUNX affects malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Lee JY, Lee JW, Park TG, Han SH, Yoo SY, Jung KM, Kim DM, Lee OJ, Kim D, Chi XZ, Kim EG, Lee YS, Bae SC. Runx3 Restoration Regresses K-Ras-Activated Mouse Lung Cancers and Inhibits Recurrence. Cells 2023; 12:2438. [PMID: 37887282 PMCID: PMC10605764 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic K-RAS mutations occur in approximately 25% of human lung cancers and are most frequently found in codon 12 (G12C, G12V, and G12D). Mutated K-RAS inhibitors have shown beneficial results in many patients; however, the inhibitors specifically target K-RASG12C and acquired resistance is a common occurrence. Therefore, new treatments targeting all kinds of oncogenic K-RAS mutations with a durable response are needed. RUNX3 acts as a pioneer factor of the restriction (R)-point, which is critical for the life and death of cells. RUNX3 is inactivated in most K-RAS-activated mouse and human lung cancers. Deletion of mouse lung Runx3 induces adenomas (ADs) and facilitates the development of K-Ras-activated adenocarcinomas (ADCs). In this study, conditional restoration of Runx3 in an established K-Ras-activated mouse lung cancer model regressed both ADs and ADCs and suppressed cancer recurrence, markedly increasing mouse survival. Runx3 restoration suppressed K-Ras-activated lung cancer mainly through Arf-p53 pathway-mediated apoptosis and partly through p53-independent inhibition of proliferation. This study provides in vivo evidence supporting RUNX3 as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of K-RAS-activated lung cancers with a durable response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Yeol Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Jung-Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Tae-Geun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Han
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Seo-Yeong Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Kyoung-Mi Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Da-Mi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University and Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dohun Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University and Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Xin-Zi Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - You-Soub Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (T.-G.P.); (S.-H.H.); (S.-Y.Y.); (K.-M.J.); (D.-M.K.); (X.-Z.C.); (E.-G.K.)
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Liang H, Zhang L, Rong J. Potential roles of exosomes in the initiation and metastatic progression of lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115222. [PMID: 37549459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) incidence and mortality continue to increase annually worldwide. LC is insidious and readily metastasizes and relapses. Except for its early diagnosis and surgical resection, there is no effective cure for advanced metastatic LC, and the prognosis remains dismal. Exosomes, a class of nano-sized extracellular vesicles produced by healthy or diseased cells, are coated with a bilayer lipid membrane and contain various functional molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They can be used for intracellular or intercellular signaling or the transportation of biological substances. A growing body of evidence supports that exosomes play multiple crucial roles in the occurrence and metastatic progression of many malignancies, including LC. The elucidation of the potential roles of exosomes in the initiation, invasion, and metastasis of LC and their underlying molecular mechanisms may contribute to improved early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 210 Baita Street, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
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Kim DM, Lee SY, Lim JC, Cho EH, Park UJ. RUNX3 regulates the susceptibility against EGFR-targeted non-small cell lung cancer therapy using 47Sc-conjugated cetuximab. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:652. [PMID: 37438719 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioimmunotherapy with cetuximab and conjugates with various radioisotopes is a feasible treatment option for different tumor models. Scandium-47 (47Sc), one of several β--particle-emitting radioisotopes, displays favorable physical and chemical properties for conjugation to monoclonal antibodies. However, the therapeutic efficacy of 47Sc in preclinical and clinical studies is largely unknown. Given that intrinsic alterations in tumors greatly contribute to resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy, research on overcoming resistance to radioimmunotherapy using cetuximab is required. METHODS 47Sc was produced by irradiation of a CaCO3 target at the HANARO research reactor in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) and prepared by chromatographic separation of the irradiated target. Cetuximab was conjugated with 47Sc using the bifunctional chelating agent DTPA. Radiochemical purity was determined using instant thin-layer chromatography. The immunoreactivity of 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab was evaluated using the Lindmo method and an in vitro cell-binding assay. The inhibitory effects of cetuximab and 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab were confirmed using cell growth inhibition and BrdU cell proliferation assays. Differences in protein expression levels between cetuximab- and 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab-treated cells were confirmed using western blotting. Complex formation between RUNX3 and DNA repair components was confirmed using immunoprecipitation and western blotting. RESULTS Cetuximab induces cell cycle arrest and cell death in EGFR-overexpressing NSCLC cells. Radiolabeling of cetuximab with 47Sc led to increased therapeutic efficacy relative to cetuximab alone. Application of 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab induced DNA damage responses, and activation of RUNX3 significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab. RUNX3 mediated susceptibility to EGFR-targeted NSCLC therapy using 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab via interaction with components of the DNA damage and repair machinery. CONCLUSIONS 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab promoted cell death in EGFR-overexpressing NSCLC cells by targeting EGFR and inducing DNA damage as a result of β irradiation emitted from the conjugated 47Sc. Activation of RUNX3 played a key role in DNA damage and repair processes in response to the ionizing radiation and inhibited cell growth, thus leading to more effective tumor suppression. RUNX3 can potentially moderate susceptibility to 47Sc-conjugated cetuximab by modulating DNA damage and repair process mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Mi Kim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Young Lee
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheong Lim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Cho
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Ul-Jae Park
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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Roy A, Chauhan S, Bhattacharya S, Jakhmola V, Tyagi K, Sachdeva A, Wasai A, Mandal S. Runt-related transcription factors in human carcinogenesis: a friend or foe? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04769-0. [PMID: 37081242 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the deadliest pathologies with more than 19 million new cases and 10 million cancer-related deaths across the globe. Despite development of advanced therapeutic interventions, cancer remains as a fatal pathology due to lack of early prognostic biomarkers, therapy resistance and requires identification of novel drug targets. METHODS Runt-related transcription factors (Runx) family controls several cellular and physiological functions including osteogenesis. Recent literatures from PubMed was mined and the review was written in comprehensive manner RESULTS: Recent literature suggests that aberrant expression of Runx contributes to tumorigenesis of many organs. Conversely, cell- and tissue-specific tumor suppressor roles of Runx are also reported. In this review, we have provided the structural/functional properties of Runx isoforms and its regulation in context of human cancer. Moreover, in an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic interventions against cancer, we comprehensively discussed the reported oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of Runx isoforms in several tumor types and discussed the discrepancies that may have risen on Runx as a driver of malignant transformation. CONCLUSION Runx may be a novel therapeutic target against a battery of deadly human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India.
| | - Shivi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Sujata Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Vibhuti Jakhmola
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Komal Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Abha Sachdeva
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Abdul Wasai
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
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Role of RUNX3 in Restriction Point Regulation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050708. [PMID: 36899846 PMCID: PMC10000377 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. At the G1 phase of cell cycle, cells monitor their cumulative exposure to specific signals and make the critical decision to pass through the restriction (R)-point. The R-point decision-making machinery is fundamental to normal differentiation, apoptosis, and G1-S transition. Deregulation of this machinery is markedly associated with tumorigenesis. Therefore, identification of the molecular mechanisms that govern the R-point decision is one of the fundamental issues in tumor biology. RUNX3 is one of the genes frequently inactivated in tumors by epigenetic alterations. In particular, RUNX3 is downregulated in most K-RAS-activated human and mouse lung adenocarcinomas (ADCs). Targeted inactivation of Runx3 in the mouse lung induces adenomas (ADs), and markedly shortens the latency of ADC formation induced by oncogenic K-Ras. RUNX3 participates in the transient formation of R-point-associated activator (RPA-RX3-AC) complexes, which measure the duration of RAS signals and thereby protect cells against oncogenic RAS. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism by which the R-point participates in oncogenic surveillance.
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Khan AS, Campbell KJ, Cameron ER, Blyth K. The RUNX/CBFβ Complex in Breast Cancer: A Conundrum of Context. Cells 2023; 12:641. [PMID: 36831308 PMCID: PMC9953914 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissecting and identifying the major actors and pathways in the genesis, progression and aggressive advancement of breast cancer is challenging, in part because neoplasms arising in this tissue represent distinct diseases and in part because the tumors themselves evolve. This review attempts to illustrate the complexity of this mutational landscape as it pertains to the RUNX genes and their transcription co-factor CBFβ. Large-scale genomic studies that characterize genetic alterations across a disease subtype are a useful starting point and as such have identified recurring alterations in CBFB and in the RUNX genes (particularly RUNX1). Intriguingly, the functional output of these mutations is often context dependent with regards to the estrogen receptor (ER) status of the breast cancer. Therefore, such studies need to be integrated with an in-depth understanding of both the normal and corrupted function in mammary cells to begin to tease out how loss or gain of function can alter the cell phenotype and contribute to disease progression. We review how alterations to RUNX/CBFβ function contextually ascribe to breast cancer subtypes and discuss how the in vitro analyses and mouse model systems have contributed to our current understanding of these proteins in the pathogenesis of this complex set of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba S. Khan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsteen J. Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Ewan R. Cameron
- School of Biodiversity One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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He S, Zhou J, Ma Y, Wang W, Yang J. MicroRNA-19a Inhibition Directly and Indirectly Ameliorates Th2 Airway Inflammation in Asthma by Targeting RUNX3. Inflammation 2023; 46:370-387. [PMID: 36112239 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of T-cell differentiation is characteristic of airway inflammation in allergic asthma. How miR-19a works in asthma has not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to examine whether microRNA-19a regulates helper T-cell proliferation and to identify the factors involved and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that miR-19a levels were upregulated in parallel with a reduction in RUNX3 expression in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced murine model of asthma. A dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay showed that RUNX3 was a direct target of miR-19a. Inhibiting the expression of miR-19a attenuated inflammation and mucus production, induced Th1 cells, suppressed the Th2 inflammatory response, and repressed dendritic cell (DC) maturation by increasing RUNX3 expression in WT asthmatic mice but not RUNX3+/- mice. In vitro experiments revealed that miR-19a inhibition could target RUNX3 to induce Th1 polarization and inhibit Th2 polarization by directly acting on naïve CD4+ T cells or indirectly mediating the maturation and antigen-presenting abilities of DCs. These findings indicate that miR-19a directly and indirectly regulates immunoinflammatory responses in asthma by targeting RUNX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jingrun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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11
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RUNX Proteins as Epigenetic Modulators in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223687. [PMID: 36429115 PMCID: PMC9688118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX proteins are highly conserved in metazoans and perform critical functions during development. Dysregulation of RUNX proteins through various molecular mechanisms facilitates the development and progression of various cancers, where different RUNX proteins show tumor type-specific functions and regulate different aspects of tumorigenesis by cross-talking with different signaling pathways such as Wnt, TGF-β, and Hippo. Molecularly, they could serve as transcription factors (TFs) to activate their direct target genes or interact with many other TFs to modulate chromatin architecture globally. Here, we review the current knowledge on the functions and regulations of RUNX proteins in different cancer types and highlight their potential role as epigenetic modulators in cancer.
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12
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Lee YS, Lee JY, Song SH, Kim DM, Lee JW, Chi XZ, Ito Y, Bae SC. K-Ras-Activated Cells Can Develop into Lung Tumors When Runx3-Mediated Tumor Suppressor Pathways Are Abrogated. Mol Cells 2020; 43:889-897. [PMID: 33115981 PMCID: PMC7604022 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
K-RAS is frequently mutated in human lung adenocarcinomas (ADCs), and the p53 pathway plays a central role in cellular defense against oncogenic K-RAS mutation. However, in mouse lung cancer models, oncogenic K-RAS mutation alone can induce ADCs without p53 mutation, and loss of p53 does not have a significant impact on early K-RAS-induced lung tumorigenesis. These results raise the question of how K-RAS-activated cells evade oncogene surveillance mechanisms and develop into lung ADCs. RUNX3 plays a key role at the restriction (R)-point, which governs multiple tumor suppressor pathways including the p14ARF-p53 pathway. In this study, we found that K-RAS activation in a very limited number of cells, alone or in combination with p53 inactivation, failed to induce any pathologic lesions for up to 1 year. By contrast, when Runx3 was inactivated and K-RAS was activated by the same targeting method, lung ADCs and other tumors were rapidly induced. In a urethane-induced mouse lung tumor model that recapitulates the features of K-RAS-driven human lung tumors, Runx3 was inactivated in both adenomas (ADs) and ADCs, whereas K-RAS was activated only in ADCs. Together, these results demonstrate that the R-point-associated oncogene surveillance mechanism is abrogated by Runx3 inactivation in AD cells and these cells cannot defend against K-RAS activation, resulting in the transition from AD to ADC. Therefore, K-RAS-activated lung epithelial cells do not evade oncogene surveillance mechanisms; instead, they are selected if they occur in AD cells in which Runx3 has been inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Soub Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ja-Yeol Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Song
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Da-Mi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Xin-Zi Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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13
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Shi L, Liu BY, Wang X, Zhu MJ, Chen L, Zhou MY, Gu YJ, Cheng L, Wang Y. RUNX3-dependent oxidative epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in methamphetamine-induced chronic lung injury. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:793-802. [PMID: 32681471 PMCID: PMC7479662 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung toxicity is the main cause of the death from methamphetamine (MA) abuse, but its mechanism has remained unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate if MA can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and if RUNX3 is involved in oxidative EMT in MA-induced chronic lung injury. The rats were divided into the control group and MA group. Extracted lungs were used for morphological measurements and Western blot. The alveolar epithelial cells were cultured or transfected and then treated with MA or/and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) followed by flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Chronic exposure to MA resulted in the lower growth ratio of weight, increased right ventricular index, thickened alveolar walls, and reduced number of alveolar sacs. Long-term administration with MA caused oxidative stress and pulmonary EMT. NAC increased RUNX3 and alleviated EMT. However, after knockdown of RUNX3, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly upregulated, indicating that RUNX3 was closely related to oxidative stress. Knockdown of RUNX3 aggravated MA-induced EMT by activating RUNX3-dependent TGF-β signaling. Therefore, RUNX3 may be the key to oxidative EMT in methamphetamine-induced chronic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Yang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Jia Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Eldawud R, Wagner A, Dong C, Gupta N, Rojanasakul Y, O'Doherty G, Stueckle TA, Dinu CZ. Potential antitumor activity of digitoxin and user-designed analog administered to human lung cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129683. [PMID: 32679249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac glycosides (CGs), such as digitoxin, are traditionally used for treatment of congestive heart failure; recently they also gained attention for their anticancer properties. Previous studies showed that digitoxin and a synthetic L-sugar monosaccharide analog treatment decreases cancer cell proliferation, increases apoptosis, and pro-adhesion abilities; however, no reports are available on their potential to alter lung cancer cell cytoskeleton structure and reduce migratory ability. Herein, we investigated the anticancer effects of digitoxin and its analog, digitoxigenin-α-L-rhamnoside (D6MA), to establish whether cytoskeleton reorganization and reduced motility are drug-induced cellular outcomes. METHODS We treated non-small cell lung carcinoma cells (NSCLCs) with sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and toxic concentrations of digitoxin and D6MA respectively, followed by both single point and real-time assays to evaluate changes in cellular gene and protein expression, adhesion, elasticity, and migration. RESULTS Digitoxin and D6MA induced a decrease in matrix metalloproteinases expression via altered focal adhesion signaling and a suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases / protein kinase B pathway which lead to enhanced adhesion, altered elasticity, and reduced motility of NSCLCs. Global gene expression analysis identified dose-dependent changes to nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer, epithelial tumor, and microtubule dynamics signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that digitoxin and D6MA can target antitumor signaling pathways to alter NSCLC cytoskeleton and migratory ability to thus potentially reduce their tumorigenicity. SIGNIFICANCE Discovering signaling pathways that control cancer's cell phenotype and how such pathways are affected by CG treatment will potentially allow for active usage of synthetic CG analogs as therapeutic agents in advanced lung conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Eldawud
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Alixandra Wagner
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Chenbo Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - George O'Doherty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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15
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Song Q, Shang J, Zhang C, Chen J, Zhang L, Wu X. Transcription factor RUNX3 promotes CD8
+
T cell recruitment by CCL3 and CCL20 in lung adenocarcinoma immune microenvironment. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3208-3220. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Song
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai China
| | - Jun Shang
- School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai China
| | - Chufan Zhang
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou China
| | - Lanlin Zhang
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai China
| | - Xianghua Wu
- Department of Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai China
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16
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Kim D, Lee YS, Kim DH, Bae SC. Lung Cancer Staging and Associated Genetic and Epigenetic Events. Mol Cells 2020; 43:1-9. [PMID: 31999917 PMCID: PMC6999714 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in treating lung cancer is to establish the stage of the disease, which in turn determines the treatment options and prognosis of the patient. Many factors are involved in lung cancer staging, but all involve anatomical information. However, new approaches, mainly those based on the molecular biology of cancer, have recently changed the paradigm for lung cancer treatment and have not yet been incorporated into staging. In a group of patients of the same stage who receive the same treatment, some may experience unexpected recurrence or metastasis, largely because current staging methods do not reflect the findings of molecular biological studies. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the latest research on lung cancer staging and the molecular events associated with carcinogenesis. We hope that this paper will serve as a bridge between clinicians and basic researchers and aid in our understanding of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohun Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University and Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - You-Soub Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
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17
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Oncosuppressive Role of RUNX3 in Human Astrocytomas. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1232434. [PMID: 31467531 PMCID: PMC6699290 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1232434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most common and aggressive among primary malignant brain tumours with significant inter- and intratumour heterogeneity in histology, molecular profile, and patient outcome. However, molecular targets that could provide reliable diagnostic and prognostic information on this type of cancer are currently unknown. Recent studies show that certain phenotypes of gliomas such as malignancy, resistance to therapy, and relapses are associated with the epigenetic alterations of tumour-specific genes. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is feasible tumour suppressor gene since its inactivation was shown to be related to carcinogenesis. Aim The aim of the study was to elucidate RUNX3 changes in different regulation levels of molecular biology starting from epigenetics to function in particular cases of astrocytic origin tumours of different grade evaluating significance of molecular changes of RUNX3 for patient clinical characteristics as well as evaluate RUNX3 reexpression effect to GBM cells. Methods The methylation status and protein expression levels of RUNX3 were measured by methylation-specific PCR and Western blot in 136 and 72 different malignancy grade glioma tissues, respectively. Lipotransfection and MTT were applied for proliferation assessment in U87-MG cells. Results We found that RUNX3 was highly methylated and downregulated in GBM. RUNX3 promoter methylation was detected in 69.4% of GBM (n=49) as compared to 0 to 17.2% in I-III grade astrocytomas (n=87). Weighty lower RUNX3 protein level was observed in GMB specimens compared to grade II-III astrocytomas. Correlation test revealed a weak but significant link among Runx3 methylation and protein level. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that increased RUNX3 methylation and low protein level were both associated with shorter patient survival (p<0.05). Reexpression of RUNX3 in U87-MG cells significantly reduced glioma cell viability compared to control transfection. Conclusions The results demonstrate that RUNX3 gene methylation and protein expression downregulation are glioma malignancy dependent and contribute to tumour progression.
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18
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Chen K, Liu H, Liu Z, Luo S, Patz EF, Moorman PG, Su L, Shen S, Christiani DC, Wei Q. Genetic variants in RUNX3, AMD1 and MSRA in the methionine metabolic pathway and survival in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:621-631. [PMID: 30650190 PMCID: PMC6828159 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal methionine dependence in cancer cells has led to methionine restriction as a potential therapeutic strategy. We hypothesized that genetic variants involved in methionine-metabolic genes are associated with survival in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Therefore, we investigated associations of 16,378 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 97 methionine-metabolic pathway genes with overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients using genotyping data from two published genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets. In the single-locus analysis, 1,005 SNPs were significantly associated with NSCLC OS (p < 0.05 and false-positive report probability < 0.2) in the discovery dataset. Three SNPs (RUNX3 rs7553295 G > T, AMD1 rs1279590 G > A and MSRA rs73534533 C > A) were replicated in the validation dataset, and their meta-analysis showed an adjusted hazards ratio [HR] of 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) =0.75-0.89] and pmeta = 2.86 × 10-6 , 0.81 (0.73-0.91) and pmeta = 4.63 × 10-4 , and 0.77 (0.68-0.89) and pmeta = 2.07 × 10-4 , respectively). A genetic score of protective genotypes of these three SNPs revealed an increased OS in a dose-response manner (ptrend < 0.0001). Further expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis showed significant associations between these genotypes and mRNA expression levels. Moreover, differential expression analysis further supported a tumor-suppressive effect of MSRA, with lower mRNA levels in both lung squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (p < 0.0001 and < 0.0001, respectively) than in adjacent normal tissues. Additionally, low mutation rates of these three genes indicated the critical roles of these functional SNPs in cancer progression. Taken together, these genetic variants of methionine-metabolic pathway genes may be promising predictors of survival in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Chen
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Edward F. Patz
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Radiology, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Patricia G. Moorman
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sipeng Shen
- Departments of Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - David C. Christiani
- Departments of Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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19
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An X, Ge J, Guo H, Mi H, Zhou J, Liu Y, Weiyue, Wu Z. Retracted
: Overexpression of miR‐4286 is an unfavorable prognostic marker in individuals with non–small cell lung cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17573-17583. [PMID: 31111550 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian An
- Health Care Unit Jining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Jiwen Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College Jining China
| | - Huihui Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Jining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Huaixue Mi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Jining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Jining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Yongrui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Jining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Weiyue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Jining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Zhilian Wu
- Health Care Unit Jining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
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20
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Zhuang B, Cheng Y. MicroRNA‑629 inhibition suppresses the viability and invasion of non‑small cell lung cancer cells by directly targeting RUNX3. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3933-3940. [PMID: 30816536 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) directly modulate the biological functions of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and contribute to the initiation and progression of NSCLC; however, the specific roles and underlying mechanisms of the dysregulated miRNAs in NSCLC require further investigation. The present study reported that miRNA‑629‑5p (miR‑629) was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. High miR‑629 expression levels were significantly associated with tumour size, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis in patients with NSCLC. Functional experiments indicated that miR‑629 inhibition suppressed the viability and invasion NSCLC cells in vitro. Furthermore, bioinformatics prediction, luciferase reporter assay, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis demonstrated that runt‑related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was a direct target gene of miR‑629 in NSCLC. Restoration of RUNX3 expression suppressed the effects of miR‑629 inhibition in NSCLC cells. Rescue experiments revealed that RUNX3 knockdown partially abrogated the effects of miR‑629 inhibition on NSCLC cells. In summary, miR‑629 directly targeted RUNX3 to inhibit the progression of NSCLC, suggesting that this miRNA may be considered as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bufeng Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
| | - Youshuang Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
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21
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Liu L, Sun S, Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Du J, Gu L. Rasip1 is a RUNX1 target gene and promotes migration of NSCLC cells. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4537-4552. [PMID: 30349386 PMCID: PMC6190810 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s168438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), an essential regulator of hematopoiesis, is overexpressed in patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is correlated with enhanced metastatic ability. Ras-interacting protein 1 (Rasip1), a potential oncogene, is required for blood vessel formation, and recently, it has been shown that Rasip1 is widely expressed in NSCLC patients. We noticed that Rasip1 promoter contains several potential RUNX1-binding sequences. However, the relationship between Rasip1 and RUNX1 in NSCLC is still unknown. In this study, the potential function of RUNX1 involving in Rasip1 expression and the potential role of Rasip1 in lung cancer cells were investigated. Materials and methods Rasip1 and RUNX1 expressions were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting in NSCLC cells lines. A549 and H1299 cells were transfected with plasmids or interfering RNA (siRNA) to upregulate or downregulate the expression of Rasip1 and RUNX1. Cell motility was assessed by transwell and wound-healing assay. Location of Rasip1 and RUNX1 was detected via immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, chromatin immunoprecipitation was done using an anti-RUNX1 antibody. Rasip1 promoter was constructed, and cells were lysed for the analysis of luciferase activity. Results In this study, we showed that ectopic expression or knockdown of RUNX1 resulted in a significant increase or reduction in Rasip1 expression, respectively. RUNX1 bound directly to a specific DNA sequence within Rasip1 promoter and modulated its transcription. Furthermore, silencing of Rasip1 inhibited the migration of RUNX1-overexpressing NSCLC cells through inactivation of Rac1 pathway. Moreover, we found that Rasip1 was expressed ubiquitously in NSCLC cells lines and enhanced cell migration. In addition, EGFR signaling was involved both in the expression and the subcellular localization of Rasip1. Conclusion Our data indicated that Rasip1 is regulated in part by the transcription factor RUNX1 and might be developed as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, .,Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
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22
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Chen X, Deng Y, Shi Y, Zhu W, Cai Y, Xu C, Zhu K, Zheng X, Chen G, Xie Q, Weng G. Loss of expression rather than cytoplasmic mislocalization of RUNX3 predicts worse outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5043-5055. [PMID: 29545901 PMCID: PMC5840764 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional inactivation of human runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) through mutation or epigenetic silencing has been well-documented in many cancerous entities. In addition to gene mutation and promoter hypermethylation, cytoplasmic mislocalization has emerged as another major manifestation of RUNX3 dysfunction in malignancies including breast, colorectal and gastric cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and different RUNX3 expression patterns would have different overall survival (OS), and the associations between different patterns of clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome. Expressions of RUNX3 and Ki-67 were immunohistochemically detected in normal lung tissue (n=5) and surgically resected tissues from NSCLC patients (n=188). The optimal cutoff of RUNX3 was determined by X-tile software associated with their survival. Apoptotic index in cancerous tissue was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling method. The prognostic significance of different expression patterns of RUNX3 was determined by means of Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests. It was revealed that loss of RUNX3 expression in NSCLC was correlated with a low cancerous apoptotic index (P<0.001), shorter OS and worse prognosis (P=0.0142), while no statistical difference of apoptotic index (P=0.73) or survival (P=0.3781) was determined between patient subgroups with different localization of RUNX3 expression, which was quite different from the situation demonstrated in other malignancies. In conclusion, loss of expression rather than cytoplasmic mislocalization of RUNX3 predicted worse outcome in NSCLC, which was quite different from what manifested in other cancer types, and thus, the underlying mechanism may deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Department of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Chunwei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Kunshou Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Xiongwei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Guoxing Weng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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23
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Mümmler C, Burgy O, Hermann S, Mutze K, Günther A, Königshoff M. Cell-specific expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J 2018; 32:703-716. [PMID: 28986417 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700482r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease with limited therapeutic options and unknown etiology. IPF is characterized by epithelial cell injury, impaired cellular crosstalk between epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and the formation of fibroblast foci with increased extracellular matrix deposition (ECM). We investigated the role of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a master regulator of bone development that has been linked to profibrotic signaling. RUNX2 expression was up-regulated in lung homogenates from patients with IPF and in experimental bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The RUNX2 level correlated with disease severity as measured by decreased diffusing capacity and increased levels of the IPF biomarker, matrix metalloproteinase 7. Nuclear RUNX2 was observed in prosurfactant protein C-positive hyperplastic epithelial cells and was rarely found in myofibroblasts. We discovered an up-regulation of RUNX2 in fibrotic alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells as well as an increase of RUNX2-negative fibroblasts in experimental and human pulmonary fibrosis. Functionally, small interfering RNA-mediated RUNX2 knockdown decreased profibrotic ATII cell function, such as proliferation and migration, whereas fibroblasts displayed activation markers and increased ECM expression after RUNX2 knockdown. This study reveals that RUNX2 is differentially expressed in ATII cells vs. fibroblasts in lung fibrosis, which contributes to profibrotic cell function. Cell-specific targeting of RUNX2 pathways may represent a therapeutic approach for IPF.-Mümmler, C., Burgy, O., Hermann, S., Mutze, K., Günther, A., Königshoff, M. Cell-specific expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 contributes to pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mümmler
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Hermann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mutze
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
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24
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Ramsey J, Butnor K, Peng Z, Leclair T, van der Velden J, Stein G, Lian J, Kinsey CM. Loss of RUNX1 is associated with aggressive lung adenocarcinomas. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3487-3497. [PMID: 28926105 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian runt-related factor 1 (RUNX1) is a master transcription factor that regulates lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells. RUNX1 translocations result in the development of myeloid leukemias. Recently, RUNX1 has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in other cancers. We postulated RUNX1 expression may be associated with lung adenocarcinoma etiology and/or progression. We evaluated the association of RUNX1 mRNA expression with overall survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a publically available database. Compared to high expression levels, Low RUNX1 levels from lung adenocarcinomas were associated with a worse overall survival (Hazard Ratio = 2.014 (1.042-3.730 95% confidence interval), log-rank p = 0.035) compared to those that expressed high RUNX1 levels. Further immunohistochemical examination of 85 surgical specimens resected at the University of Vermont Medical Center identified that low RUNX1 protein expression was associated with larger tumors (p = 0.038). Gene expression network analysis was performed on the same subset of TCGA cases that demonstrated differential survival by RUNX1 expression. This analysis, which reveals regulatory relationships, showed that reduced RUNX1 levels were closely linked to upregulation of the transcription factor E2F1. To interrogate this relationship, RUNX1 was depleted in a lung cancer cell line that expresses high levels of RUNX1. Loss of RUNX1 resulted in enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion. RUNX1 depletion also resulted in increased mRNA expression of E2F1 and multiple E2F1 target genes. Our data implicate loss of RUNX1 as driver of lung adenocarcinoma aggression, potentially through deregulation of the E2F1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ramsey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kelly Butnor
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Zhihua Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Tim Leclair
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jane Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - C Matthew Kinsey
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
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Yang H, Fu J, Yao L, Hou A, Xue X. Runx3 is a key modulator during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar type II cells in animal models of BPD. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1466-1476. [PMID: 28949375 PMCID: PMC5627869 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major challenge for premature infants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in alveolar type II (AT2) epithelial cells influences the normal alveolar development process. In this study, we wished to examine whether Runx3 is an important factor for BPD by regulating EMT in AT2 cells. In vivo, animal models of BPD were established by placing newborn rats in hyperoxia tanks. Lung tissue and isolated AT2 cells were collected on different days following exposure to oxygen. The pathological changes in lung tissue, alveolar development and Runx3 expression were then investigated. In vitro, RLE-6TN cells were divided into 5 groups as follows: the cont-rol, Runx3, siRunx3, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Runx3 + TGF-β1 groups, and the biomarkers of EMT were investigated. In the newborn rat model of BPD, Runx3 protein and mRNA levels in both lung tissue and BPD-derived AT2 cells were significantly lower than those in the control group. The correlation between Runx3 protein expression and pulmonary development indicators was analyzed; Runx3 expression positively correlated with the radial alveolar count (RAC) and the percentage of smooth muscle actin-positive secondary septa, but negatively correlated with alveolar wall thickness. EMT was observed in the RLE-6TN cells in which the Runx3 gene was knocked down and follwoing TGF-β1‑induced EMT stimulation; however, TGF-β1 failed to induce EMT in the RLE-6TN cells overexpressing Runx3. On the whole, our data indicte that low Runx3 levels may promote EMT, while high Runx3 levels inhibit TGF-β1-induced EMT. Therefore, we predict that low levels of Runx3 in BPD lung tissue may promote EMT in AT2 cells, thus affecting alveolar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ana Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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26
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Lee Y, Lee H, Park H, Kim JW, Hwang JH, Kim J, Yoon YS, Han HS, Kim H. Combination immunohistochemistry for SMAD4 and Runt-related transcription factor 3 may identify a favorable prognostic subgroup of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76699-76711. [PMID: 29100342 PMCID: PMC5652736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purposes SMAD4/DPC4 mutations have been associated with aggressive behavior in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), and it has recently been suggested that RUNX3 expression combined with SMAD4 status may predict the metastatic potential of PDACs. We evaluated the prognostic utility of SMAD4/RUNX3 status in human PDACs by immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods Immunohistochemical stains were performed for SMAD4 and RUNX3 on 210 surgically resected PDACs, and the results were correlated with the clinicopathological features. Results Loss of SMAD4 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (p = 0.015) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.044). Nuclear RUNX3 expression was associated with decreased OS (p = 0.010) and PFS (p = 0.009), and more frequent in poorly differentiated PDACs (p = 0.037). On combining RUNX3/SMAD4 status, RUNX3-/SMAD4+ PDACs demonstrated longer OS (p = 0.008, median time; RUNX3-/SMAD4+ 34 months, others 17 months) and PFS (p = 0.009, median time; RUNX3-/SMAD4+ 29 months, others 8 months) compared to RUNX3+/SMAD4+ and SMAD4- groups; RUNX3-/SMAD4+ was a significant independent predictive factor for both OS [p = 0.025, HR 1.842 (95% CI 1.079-3.143)] and PFS [p = 0.020, HR 1.850 (95% CI 1.100-3.113)]. Conclusions SMAD4-positivity with RUNX3-negativity was a significant independent predictive factor for favorable OS and PFS in PDAC. This is the first and large clinicopathological study of RUNX3/SMAD4 expression status in human PDAC. Combination immunohistochemistry for SMAD4 and RUNX3 may help identify a favorable prognostic subgroup of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkyu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaihwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Seok Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Runx3 plays a critical role in restriction-point and defense against cellular transformation. Oncogene 2017; 36:6884-6894. [PMID: 28846108 PMCID: PMC5735299 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The restriction (R)-point decision is fundamental to normal differentiation and the G1-S transition, and the decision-making machinery is perturbed in nearly all cancer cells. The mechanisms underlying the cellular context-dependent R-point decision remain poorly understood. We found that the R-point was dysregulated in Runx3-/-mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which formed tumors in nude mice. Ectopic expression of Runx3 restored the R-point and abolished the tumorigenicity of Runx3-/-MEFs and K-Ras-activated Runx3-/-MEFs (Runx3-/-;K-RasG12D/+). During the R-point, Runx3 transiently formed a complex with pRb and Brd2 and induced Cdkn1a (p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1; p21), a key regulator of the R-point transition. Cyclin D-CDK4/6 promoted dissociation of the pRb-Runx3-Brd2 complex, thus turning off p21 expression. However, cells harboring oncogenic K-Ras maintained the pRb-Runx3-Brd2 complex and p21 expression even after introduction of Cyclin D1. Thus, Runx3 plays a critical role in R-point regulation and defense against cellular transformation.
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28
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Kumar A, Sundaram S, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G. UnPAKing RUNX3 functions-Both sides of the coin. Small GTPases 2017. [PMID: 28628382 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1322667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post translational modifications of RUNX3 have been shown to play an important role in directing RUNX3 functions. In this review we highlight the phosphorylation dependent functions of RUNX3 as regulated by PAK1 and its implications on tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) , Chennai , India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- b Departments of Pathology , Sri Ramachandra University , Porur, Chennai , India
| | - Suresh K Rayala
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) , Chennai , India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- c Departments of Human Genetics , Sri Ramachandra University , Porur, Chennai , India
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Wang Y, Li Y, Wu B, Shi C, Li C. MicroRNA-661 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by directly targeting RUNX3. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2113-2120. [PMID: 28656235 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer‑associated mortality in men and women worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that abnormal microRNA (miRNA) expression contributes to the carcinogenesis and progression of multiple human cancers, including non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, miRNAs exhibit the potential to act as biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of human malignancies. miRNA‑661 (miR‑661) has previously been demonstrated to be important in the development of various human cancer types. However, the expression levels, functions and underlying mechanisms of miR‑661 in NSCLC remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that miR‑661 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. In addition, miR‑661 expression levels were significantly correlated with differentiation and tumor stage lymph node metastasis of NSCLC patients. Functional experiments demonstrated that miR-661 downregulation inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, runt‑related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was identified as a direct target of miR‑661 in NSCLC. RUNX3 was expressed at a low level in NSCLC tissues and was negatively correlated with the miR‑661 expression level. Further experiments revealed that RUNX3 knockdown significantly rescued the effects of miR‑661 underexpression on NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, the present findings indicated a role for miR‑661 as an oncogene in NSCLC via direct targeting of RUNX3, thus suggesting that miR‑661 may be used to develop novel therapies for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Molecular Detection, Center for Clinical Biological Samples, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Department of Molecular Detection, Center for Clinical Biological Samples, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Molecular Detection, Center for Clinical Biological Samples, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Molecular Detection, Center for Clinical Biological Samples, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Molecular Detection, Center for Clinical Biological Samples, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Runx3 and Cell Fate Decisions in Pancreas Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:333-352. [PMID: 28299667 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RUNX family transcription factors are critical regulators of development and frequently dysregulated in cancer. RUNX3, the least well characterized of the three family members, has been variously described as a tumor promoter or suppressor, sometimes with conflicting results and opinions in the same cancer and likely reflecting a complex role in oncogenesis. We recently identified RUNX3 expression as a crucial determinant of the predilection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells to proliferate locally or promulgate throughout the body. High RUNX3 expression induces the production and secretion of soluble factors that support metastatic niche construction and stimulates PDA cells to migrate and invade, while simultaneously suppressing proliferation through increased expression of cell cycle regulators such as CDKN1A/p21 WAF1/CIP1 . RUNX3 expression and function are coordinated by numerous transcriptional and post-translational inputs, and interactions with diverse cofactors influence whether the resulting RUNX3 complexes enact tumor suppressive or tumor promoting programs. Understanding these exquisitely context-dependent tumor cell behaviors has the potential to inform clinical decision-making including the most appropriate timing and sequencing of local vs. systemic therapies.
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A Regulatory Role for RUNX1, RUNX3 in the Maintenance of Genomic Integrity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:491-510. [PMID: 28299675 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
All human cells are constantly attacked by endogenous and exogenous agents that damage the integrity of their genomes. Yet, the ensuing damage is mostly fixed and very rarely gives rise to genomic defects that promote cancer formation. This is due to the co-ordinated functioning of DNA repair proteins and checkpoint mechanisms that accurately detect and repair DNA damage to ensure genomic fitness. According to accumulating evidence, the RUNX family of transcription factors participate in the maintenance of genomic stability through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. RUNX1 and RUNX3 maintain genomic integrity in a transcriptional manner by regulating the transactivation of apoptotic genes following DNA damage via complex formation with p53. RUNX1 and RUNX3 also maintain genomic integrity in a non-transcriptional manner during interstand crosslink repair by promoting the recruitment of FANCD2 to sites of DNA damage. Since RUNX genes are frequently aberrant in human cancer, here, we argue that one of the major modes by which RUNX inactivation promotes neoplastic transformation is through the loss of genomic integrity. In particular, there exists strong evidence that leukemic RUNX1-fusions such as RUNX1-ETO disrupt genomic integrity and induce a "mutator" phenotype during the early stages of leukemogenesis. Consistent with increased DNA damage accumulation induced by RUNX1-ETO, PARP inhibition has been shown to be an effective synthetic-lethal therapeutic approach against RUNX1-ETO expressing leukemias. Here, in this chapter we will examine current evidence suggesting that the tumor suppressor potential of RUNX proteins can be at least partly attributed to their ability to ensure high-fidelity DNA repair and thus prevent mutational accumulation during cancer progression.
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Abstract
In this chapter we summarize the pros and cons of the notion that Runx3 is a major tumor suppressor gene (TSG). Inactivation of TSGs in normal cells provides a viability/growth advantage that contributes cell-autonomously to cancer. More than a decade ago it was suggested that RUNX3 is involved in gastric cancer development, a postulate extended later to other epithelial cancers portraying RUNX3 as a major TSG. However, evidence that Runx3 is not expressed in normal gastric and other epithelia has challenged the RUNX3-TSG paradigm. In contrast, RUNX3 is overexpressed in a significant fraction of tumor cells in various human epithelial cancers and its overexpression in pancreatic cancer cells promotes their migration, anchorage-independent growth and metastatic potential. Moreover, recent high-throughput quantitative genome-wide studies on thousands of human samples of various tumors and new investigations of the role of Runx3 in mouse cancer models have unequivocally demonstrated that RUNX3 is not a bona fide cell-autonomous TSG. Importantly, accumulating data demonstrated that RUNX3 functions in control of immunity and inflammation, thereby indirectly influencing epithelial tumor development.
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RUNX3 and p53: How Two Tumor Suppressors Cooperate Against Oncogenic Ras? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:321-332. [PMID: 28299666 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RUNX family members play pivotal roles in both normal development and neoplasia. In particular, RUNX1 and RUNX2 are essential for determination of the hematopoietic and osteogenic lineages, respectively. RUNX3 is involved in lineage determination of various types of epithelial cells. Analysis of mouse models and human cancer specimens revealed that RUNX3 acts as a tumor suppressor via multiple mechanisms. p53-related pathways play central roles in tumor suppression through the DNA damage response and oncogene surveillance, and RUNX3 is involved in both processes. In response to DNA damage, RUNX3 facilitates p53 phosphorylation by the ATM/ATR pathway and p53 acetylation by p300. When oncogenes are activated, RUNX3 induces ARF, thereby stabilizing p53. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the p53-mediated tumor-suppressor activity of RUNX3.
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Gan H, Hao Q, Idell S, Tang H. Interferon-γ promotes double-stranded RNA-induced TLR3-dependent apoptosis via upregulation of transcription factor Runx3 in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1101-L1112. [PMID: 27793801 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00278.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infections are the most common illness in humans. Infection of the respiratory viruses results in accumulation of viral replicative double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is one of the important components of infecting viruses for the induction of lung epithelial cell apoptosis and innate immune response, including the production of interferon (IFN). In the present study, we have investigated the regulation of dsRNA-induced airway epithelial cell apoptosis by IFN. We found that transcription factor Runx3 was strongly induced by type-II IFNγ, slightly by type-III IFNλ, but essentially not by type-I IFNα in airway epithelial cells. IFNγ-induced expression of Runx3 was predominantly mediated by JAK-STAT1 pathway and partially by NF-κB pathway. Interestingly, Runx3 can be synergistically induced by IFNγ with a synthetic analog of viral dsRNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) through both JAK-STAT1 and NF-κB pathways. We further found that dsRNA poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis of airway epithelial cells was mediated by dsRNA receptor toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and was markedly augmented by IFNγ through the enhanced expression of TLR3 and subsequent activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Last, we demonstrated that upregulation of Runx3 by IFNγ promoted TLR3 expression, thus amplifying the dsRNA-induced apoptosis in airway epithelial cells. These novel findings indicate that IFNγ promotes dsRNA-induced TLR3-dependent apoptosis via upregulation of transcription factor Runx3 in airway epithelial cells. Findings from our study may provide new insights into the regulation of airway epithelial cell apoptosis by IFNγ during viral respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Gan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Qin Hao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and.,Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
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Chen F, Liu X, Bai J, Pei D, Zheng J. The emerging role of RUNX3 in cancer metastasis (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1227-36. [PMID: 26708741 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains the major driver of mortality in patients with cancer. The multistep metastatic process starts with the dissemination of tumor cells from a primary site and leading to secondary tumor development in an anatomically distant location. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular characteristics of metastasis, many questions remain regarding the intracellular mechanisms governing transition through the various metastatic stages. The runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a downstream effector of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, and has critical roles in the regulation of cell death by apoptosis, and in angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and invasion. RUNX3 functions as a bona fide initiator of carcinogenesis by linking the Wnt oncogenic and TGF-β tumor suppressive pathways. RUNX3 is frequently inactivated in human cancer cell lines and cancer samples by hemizygous deletion of the Runx3 gene, hypermethylation of the Runx3 promoter, or cytoplasmic sequestration of RUNX3 protein. Inactivation of RUNX3 makes it a putative tumor suppressor in human neoplasia. In the present review, we summarize the proposed roles of RUNX3 in metastasis and, when applicable, highlight the mechanism by which they function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jin Bai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Transcription Factor Runx3 Is Induced by Influenza A Virus and Double-Strand RNA and Mediates Airway Epithelial Cell Apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17916. [PMID: 26643317 PMCID: PMC4672321 DOI: 10.1038/srep17916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) targets airway epithelial cells and exploits the host cell machinery to replicate, causing respiratory illness in annual epidemics and pandemics of variable severity. The high rate of antigenic drift (viral mutation) and the putative antigenic shift (reassortant strains) have raised the need to find the host cell inducible factors modulating IAV replication and its pathogenesis to develop more effective antiviral treatment. In this study, we found for the first time that transcription factor Runx3, a developmental regulator and tumor suppressor, was induced by IAV H1N1 and H3N2, viral RNA, a synthetic analog of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and type-II interferon-γ (IFNγ) in human airway epithelial cells. Whereas Runx3 was essentially not induced by type-I IFNα and type-III IFNλ, we show that Runx3 induction by IAV infection and viral RNA is mediated through the innate immune receptor MDA5 and the IκB kinase-β−NF-κB pathway. Moreover, we provide substantial evidence indicating that Runx3 plays a crucial role in airway epithelial cell apoptosis induced by IAV infection and dsRNA through the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Thus, we have identified Runx3 as an inducible and important transcription factor modulating IAV-induced host epithelial cell apoptosis.
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Zhu Y, Fu J, Yang H, Pan Y, Yao L, Xue X. Hyperoxia-induced methylation decreases RUNX3 in a newborn rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Respir Res 2015; 16:75. [PMID: 26104385 PMCID: PMC4499173 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants is a predominantly secondary occurrence to intrauterine inflammation/infection and postpartum mechanical ventilation; in recent years, an association with epigenetics has also been found. DNA methylation, catalyzed by DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs), and tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), mediated by the methyltransferase, Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), are some of the most commonly found modifications in epigenetics. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is associated with pulmonary epithelial and vascular development and regulates expression at the post-transcriptional level by DNA methylation through DNMT1 or DNMT3b. However, the involvements of these epigenetic factors in the occurrence of BPD are, as yet, unclear. METHODS Newborn rats were randomly assigned to a model, hyperoxia (85 % O2) or control, normoxia group (21 % O2). Lung tissues and alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cells were collected between 1-14 days. The expression of DNMTs, and EZH2 was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR. The percentage of DNA methylation and H3K27me3 levels in the RUNX3 promoter region was measured by bisulfite sequencing PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RUNX3 protein and mRNA expression in AT2 cells was also measured after inhibition using the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, the H3K27me3 inhibitor, JMJD3, and the EZH2 inhibitor, DZNep. RESULTS Compared with the control group, RUNX3 protein was downregulated and DNMT3b and EZH2 were highly expressed in lung tissues and AT2 cells of the model group (P < 0.05), while high DNA methylation and H3K27me3 modifications were present in the RUNX3 promoter region, in lung tissues of the model group (P < 0.05). Following hyperoxia in the model group, JMJD3 and DZNep significantly reversed the hyperoxia-induced down-regulation of RUNX3 expression in AT2 cells (P < 0.05), more so than 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS 1) DNA methylation and H3K27 trimethylation are present in the BPD model; 2) RUNX3 down-regulation is attributed to both DNMT3b-catalyzed DNA methylation and EZH2-catalyzed histone methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Haiping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Yuqing Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Xu L, Lan H, Su Y, Li J, Wan J. Clinicopathological significance and potential drug target of RUNX3 in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2855-65. [PMID: 26082616 PMCID: PMC4461130 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s76358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that RUNX3 is a candidate tumor suppressor in several types of human tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between RUNX3 hypermethylation and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains unclear. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the effects of RUNX3 hypermethylation on the incidence of NSCLC and clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS A detailed literature search was made using Medline, Embase and Web of Science for related research publications written in English. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated. The data were extracted and assessed independently by two reviewers. Analysis of pooled data was performed. The odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio were calculated and summarized. RESULTS Final analysis of 911 NSCLC patients from 13 eligible studies was performed. We observed that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue; the pooled OR from seven studies including 361 NSCLC and 345 normal lung tissue (OR 7.08, confidence interval 4.12-12.17, P<0.00001). RUNX3 hypermethylation may also be associated with pathological types. The pooled OR was obtained from eleven studies including 271 squamous cell carcinoma and 389 adenocarcinoma (OR 0.41, confidence interval 0.19-0.89, P=0.02), which indicated that RUNX3 hypermethylation is significantly higher in adenocarcinoma that in squamous cell carcinoma. We did not find that RUNX3 hypermethylation was correlated with clinical stage or differentiated status. However, NSCLC patients with RUNX3 hypermethylation had a lower survival rate than those without RUNX3 hypermethylation. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis suggest that RUNX3 hypermethylation is associated with an increased risk and worse survival in NSCLC. RUNX3 hypermethylation, which induces inactivation of the RUNX3 gene, plays an important role in lung carcinogenesis and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Lan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushu Su
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Wan
- Department of Surgery (Operation Room), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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How do K-RAS-activated cells evade cellular defense mechanisms? Oncogene 2015; 35:827-32. [PMID: 25961920 PMCID: PMC4761642 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinomas, like other cancers, develop through the accumulation of epigenetic and genetic alterations. Numerous studies have shown that K-RAS mutation is among the most important early events in carcinogenesis of the lung. However, it is also well established that growth-stimulating signals feed back into growth-suppressing pathways, and any imbalance in these signaling networks will cause the cell to exit the cell cycle, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth. How, then, do K-RAS-activated cells evade cellular defense mechanisms? To answer this question, it is necessary to identify the molecular event(s) responsible for the development of early dysplastic lesions that are unable to defend against aberrant oncogene activation. Lineage-determining transcriptional regulators govern differentiation status during normal lung development, as well as in lung adenocarcinoma. Among the genes involved in K-RAS-induced lung tumorigenesis, RUNX3 is unique: inactivation of Runx3 in mouse lung induces lung adenoma and abrogates the ARF–p53 pathway. This observation raises the possibility of intimate cross-talk between the differentiation program and oncogene surveillance. In this review, we summarized evidences suggesting that K-RAS-activated cells do not evade cellular defense mechanisms per se; instead, cells with K-RAS mutations are selected only if they occur in cells in which defense mechanism is abrogated.
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Zheng F, Wu J, Zhao S, Luo Q, Tang Q, Yang L, Li L, Wu W, Hann SS. Baicalein increases the expression and reciprocal interplay of RUNX3 and FOXO3a through crosstalk of AMPKα and MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:41. [PMID: 25948105 PMCID: PMC4457308 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Baicalein, a natural flavonoid obtained from the Scutellaria baicalensis root, has been reported to inhibit growth of human lung cancer. However, the detailed mechanism underlying this has not been well elucidated. Methods Cell viability was measured using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry analysis and caspase 3/7 assays. The expression of RUNX3 and FOXO3a mRNA were measured by real time RT-PCR methods. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the phosphorylation and protein expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a). Silencing of FOXO3a and RUNX3 were performed by small interfering RNA (siRNA) methods. Exogenous expression of FOXO3a or RUNX3 was carried out by electroporated transfection assays. Results We showed that baicalein significantly inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Baicalein induced RUNX3 and FOXO3a protein expression, and increased phosphorylation of AMPKα and ERK1/2. Moreover, the inhibitors of AMPK and MEK/ERK1/2 reversed the effect of baicalein on RUNX3 and FOXO3a protein expression. Interestingly, while compound C had little effect on blockade of baicalein-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PD98059 significantly abrogated baicalein-induced phosphorylation of AMPKα. Intriguingly, while silencing of RUNX3 abolished the effect of baicalein on expression of FOXO3a and apoptosis, silencing of FOXO3a significantly attenuated baicalein-reduced cell proliferation. On the contrary, overexpression of FOXO3a restored the effect of baicalein on cell growth inhibition in cells silencing of endogenous FOXO3a gene and enhanced the effect of baicalein on RUNX3 protein expression. Finally, exogenous expression of RUNX3 increased FOXO3a protein and strengthened baicalein-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Conclusion Collectively, our results show that baicalein inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of NSCLC cells through AMPKα- and MEK/ERK1/2-mediated increase and interaction of FOXO3a and RUNX3 protein. The crosstalk between AMPKα and MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and the reciprocal interplay of FOXO3a and RUNX3 converge on the overall response of baicalein. This study reveals a novel mechanism for regulating FOXO3a and RUNX3 signaling axis in response to baicalein and suggests a new strategy for NSCLC associated targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Shunyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Qingmei Luo
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Qing Tang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - LiJun Yang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Liuning Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - WanYing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Swei Sunny Hann
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China. .,Higher Education Mega Center, No. 55, Neihuan West Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Cheung WKC, Nguyen DX. Lineage factors and differentiation states in lung cancer progression. Oncogene 2015; 34:5771-80. [PMID: 25823023 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies. Here we discuss how the remarkable diversity of major lung cancer subtypes is manifested in their transforming cell of origin, oncogenic dependencies, phenotypic plasticity, metastatic competence and response to therapy. More specifically, we review the increasing evidence that links this biological heterogeneity to the deregulation of cell lineage-specific pathways and the transcription factors that ultimately control them. As determinants of pulmonary epithelial differentiation, these poorly characterized transcriptional networks may underlie the etiology and biological progression of distinct lung cancers, while providing insight into innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K C Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract
RUNX proteins belong to a family of metazoan transcription factors that serve as master regulators of development. They are frequently deregulated in human cancers, indicating a prominent and, at times, paradoxical role in cancer pathogenesis. The contextual cues that direct RUNX function represent a fast-growing field in cancer research and could provide insights that are applicable to early cancer detection and treatment. This Review describes how RUNX proteins communicate with key signalling pathways during the multistep progression to malignancy; in particular, we highlight the emerging partnership of RUNX with p53 in cancer suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Ito
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #12-01, 117599, Singapore. [2]
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, and Institute for Tumour Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361763, South Korea. [2]
| | - Linda Shyue Huey Chuang
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #12-01, 117599, Singapore. [2]
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Lotem J, Levanon D, Negreanu V, Bauer O, Hantisteanu S, Dicken J, Groner Y. Runx3 at the interface of immunity, inflammation and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:131-43. [PMID: 25641675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in normal cells provides a viability/growth advantage that contributes cell-autonomously to cancer. More than a decade ago claims arose that the RUNX3 member of the RUNX transcription factor family is a major TSG inactivated in gastric cancer, a postulate extended later to other cancers. However, evidence that Runx3 is not expressed in normal gastric and other epithelia has challenged the RUNX3-TSG paradigm. Here we critically re-appraise this paradigm in light of recent high-throughput, quantitative genome-wide studies on thousands of human samples of various tumors and new investigations of the role of Runx3 in mouse cancer models. Collectively, these studies unequivocally demonstrate that RUNX3 is not a bona fide cell-autonomous TSG. Accordingly, RUNX3 is not recognized as a TSG and is not included among the 2000 cancer genes listed in the "Cancer Gene Census" or "Network for Cancer Genes" repositories. In contrast, RUNX3 does play important functions in immunity and inflammation and may thereby indirectly influence epithelial tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lotem
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varda Negreanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Omri Bauer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shay Hantisteanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Joseph Dicken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Liang Y, He L, Yuan H, Jin Y, Yao Y. Association between RUNX3 promoter methylation and non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:694-705. [PMID: 24976992 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a known regulator in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, which promoter methylation playing a crucial role in diverse neoplasias. However, the relationship between RUNX3 promoter methylation and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be clarified. METHODS We searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Chinese Biological Medicine database, for articles published in English or Chinese until March 7, 2014. Our main analyses were focused on the association between RUNX3 promoter methylation and risk of NSCLC by meta-analysis methods. If heterogeneity was observed, we used random effects model to calculate the overall odds ratios, otherwise fixed effects model was used. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses were employed to detect the sources of the heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the stability of our studies. A funnel plot and Egger's test were conducted to investigate any potential publication bias. RESULTS A total of 1,368 samples from 13 literatures were involved in this meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of RUNX3 methylation in NSCLC specimens compared to non-cancer controls was 6.70 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.64-9.67]. In the analysis of specimen-types subgroup, the summary OR was 5.79 (95% CI: 3.97-8.46) for tissue specimen subgroup, and that was 45.64 (95% CI: 5.89-353.72) for serum specimen subgroup. The ORs for the age ≤60 years, 60-65 years and >65 years subgroup were 5.19 (95% CI: 3.27-8.24), 9.45 (95% CI: 2.45-36.45) and 13.23 (95% CI: 5.59-31.28) respectively. The result of meta-regression indicated that age was fundamental source of heterogeneity (coefficient =0.61, P=0.046, adjusted R(2) =100%). No publication bias was detected. In cancer specimens, the RUNX3 methylation was associated with histological type of the NSCLC, but no significant differences were found for RUNX3 methylation in relation to gender, smoking history, tumor TNM stage or tumor differentiation level. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of pooled data provides additional evidence to support a strong association between methylation of the RUNX3 promoter and NSCLC. RUNX3 methylation was increasing with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lianping He
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yingshui Yao
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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Kim JH, Jang JW, Lee YS, Lee JW, Chi XZ, Li YH, Kim MK, Kim DM, Choi BS, Kim J, Kim HM, van Wijnen A, Park I, Bae SC. RUNX family members are covalently modified and regulated by PIAS1-mediated sumoylation. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e101. [PMID: 24777122 PMCID: PMC4007197 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors of the RUNX family (RUNXs), which play pivotal roles in normal development and neoplasia, are regulated by various post-translational modifications. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of RUNXs, we performed a large-scale functional genetic screen of a fly mutant library. The screen identified dPias (the fly ortholog of mammalian PIASs), an E3 ligase for the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) modification, as a novel genetic modifier of lz (the fly ortholog of mammalian RUNX3). Molecular biological analysis revealed that lz/RUNXs are sumoylated by dPias/PIAS1 at an evolutionarily conserved lysine residue (K372 of lz, K144 of RUNX1, K181 of RUNX2 and K148 of RUNX3). PIAS1-mediated sumoylation inhibited RUNX3 transactivation activity, and this modification was promoted by the AKT1 kinase. Importantly, PIAS1 failed to sumoylate some RUNX1 mutants associated with breast cancer. In nude mice, tumorigenicity was promoted by RUNX3 bearing a mutation in the sumoylation site, but suppressed by wild-type RUNX3. Our results suggest that RUNXs are sumoylated by PIAS1, and that this modification could play a critical role in the regulation of the tumor-suppressive activity of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - J-W Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Y-S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - J-W Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - X-Z Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Y-H Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - M-K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - D-M Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - B-S Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - H-M Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - A van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ily Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - S-C Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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46
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Requirement of Runx3 in pulmonary vasculogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:445-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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47
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Lee YS, Lee JW, Jang JW, Chi XZ, Kim JH, Li YH, Kim MK, Kim DM, Choi BS, Kim EG, Chung JH, Lee OJ, Lee YM, Suh JW, Chuang LSH, Ito Y, Bae SC. Runx3 inactivation is a crucial early event in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:603-16. [PMID: 24229708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted inactivation of Runx3 in mouse lung induced mucinous and nonmucinous adenomas and markedly shortened latency of adenocarcinoma formation induced by oncogenic K-Ras. RUNX3 was frequently inactivated in K-RAS mutated human lung adenocarcinomas. A functional genetic screen of a fly mutant library and molecular analysis in cultured cell lines revealed that Runx3 forms a complex with BRD2 in a K-Ras-dependent manner in the early phase of the cell cycle; this complex induces expression of p14(ARF)/p19(Arf) and p21(WAF/CIP). When K-Ras was constitutively activated, the Runx3-BRD2 complex was stably maintained and expression of both p14(ARF) and p21(WAF/CIP) was prolonged. These results provide a missing link between oncogenic K-Ras and the p14(ARF)-p53 pathway, and may explain how cells defend against oncogenic K-Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Soub Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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Li M, Tan SY, Zhang J, You HX. Effects of paeonol on intracellular calcium concentration and expression of RUNX3 in LoVo human colon cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1425-30. [PMID: 23504038 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonol, a major phenolic component of the root bark of Paeonia moutan, is known to exhibit antitumor effects. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, the effects of paeonol on cell viability, intracellular calcium concentration and the expression of runt‑related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) were analyzed in LoVo human colon cancer cells. Results revealed that paeonol markedly reduced LoVo cell viability in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner. Flow cytometry assays demonstrated that paeonol blocked the cell cycle at the G1 to S transition and significantly induced apoptosis in LoVo cells. Intracellular calcium accumulation occurred following a 48 h treatment with paeonol. Furthermore, RUNX3 gene expression was increased in paeonol‑treated cells. These observations indicate that paeonol possesses antiproliferative properties and apoptosis‑inducing activity. One of the antitumor mechanisms of paeonol may be its apoptosis‑inducing activity through an increased intracellular calcium concentration and the upregulation of RUNX3 expression. Paeonol may be a promising antitumor agent for colon carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
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49
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Abnormal liver differentiation and excessive angiogenesis in mice lacking Runx3. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 139:751-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Chuang LSH, Ito K, Ito Y. RUNX family: Regulation and diversification of roles through interacting proteins. Int J Cancer 2012. [PMID: 23180629 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) belong to an ancient family of metazoan genes involved in developmental processes. Through multiple protein-interacting partners, RUNX proteins have been implicated in diverse signaling pathways and cellular processes. The frequent inactivation of RUNX genes in cancer indicates crucial roles for RUNX in tumor suppression. This review discusses the abilities of RUNX proteins, in particular RUNX3, to integrate oncogenic signals or environmental cues and to initiate appropriate tumor suppressive responses.
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