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Jara MA. Management of Advanced Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Current Systemic Therapy Options. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:83-90. [PMID: 38683155 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2024051588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The current rapid development of more selective and effective drugs for the treatment of thyroid cancer has open a new era in the treatment of patients with this condition, in the past limited to the possibility of only radioactive iodine for well differentiated tumor and surgery for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The treatment of advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma has evolved in the last few years and options for patients with advanced disease are now available. Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) with nonselective RET inhibition like Vandetanib and Cabozantinib were approved for the treatment of MTC, although the efficacy is limited due to the lack of specificity resulting in a higher rate of drug-related adverse events, leading to subsequent dose reductions, or discontinuation, and the development of a resistance mechanism like seen on the RET Val804 gatekeeper mutations. MTC is associated with mutations in the RET protooncogene, and new highly selective RET inhibitors have been developed including Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib, drugs that have demonstrate excellent results in clinical trials, and efficacy even in the presence of gatekeeper mutations. However, despite their efficacy and great tolerability, mechanisms of resistance have been described, such as the RET solvent front mutations. Due to this, the need of constant evolution and drug research is necessary to overcome the emergence of resistance mechanisms.
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2
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Desilets A, Repetto M, Yang SR, Sherman EJ, Drilon A. RET-Altered Cancers-A Tumor-Agnostic Review of Biology, Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4146. [PMID: 37627175 PMCID: PMC10452615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RET alterations, such as fusions or mutations, drive the growth of multiple tumor types. These alterations are found in canonical (lung and thyroid) and non-canonical (e.g., gastrointestinal, breast, gynecological, genitourinary, histiocytic) cancers. RET alterations are best identified via comprehensive next-generation sequencing, preferably with DNA and RNA interrogation for fusions. Targeted therapies for RET-dependent cancers have evolved from older multikinase inhibitors to selective inhibitors of RET such as selpercatinib and pralsetinib. Prospective basket trials and retrospective reports have demonstrated the activity of these drugs in a wide variety of RET-altered cancers, notably those with RET fusions. This paved the way for the first tumor-agnostic selective RET inhibitor US FDA approval in 2022. Acquired resistance to RET kinase inhibitors can take the form of acquired resistance mutations (e.g., RET G810X) or bypass alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Desilets
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.D.); (M.R.); (S.-R.Y.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Matteo Repetto
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.D.); (M.R.); (S.-R.Y.); (E.J.S.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Soo-Ryum Yang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.D.); (M.R.); (S.-R.Y.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Eric J. Sherman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.D.); (M.R.); (S.-R.Y.); (E.J.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.D.); (M.R.); (S.-R.Y.); (E.J.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Mokhtari K, Peymani M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. Colon cancer transcriptome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:49-82. [PMID: 37059270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, methodological innovations have continuously changed transcriptome profiling. It is now feasible to sequence and quantify the transcriptional outputs of individual cells or thousands of samples using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). These transcriptomes serve as a connection between cellular behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms, such as mutations. This relationship, in the context of cancer, provides a chance to unravel tumor complexity and heterogeneity and uncover novel biomarkers or treatment options. Since colon cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies, its prognosis and diagnosis seem to be critical. The transcriptome technology is developing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer which can provide better protectivity and prognostic utility to medical teams and patients. A transcriptome is a whole set of expressed coding and non-coding RNAs in an individual or cell population. The cancer transcriptome includes RNA-based changes. The combined genome and transcriptome of a patient may provide a comprehensive picture of their cancer, and this information is beginning to affect treatment decision-making in real-time. A full assessment of the transcriptome of colon (colorectal) cancer has been assessed in this review paper based on risk factors such as age, obesity, gender, alcohol use, race, and also different stages of cancer, as well as non-coding RNAs like circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and siRNAs. Similarly, they have been examined independently in the transcriptome study of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Huang Q, Baudis M. Candidate targets of copy number deletion events across 17 cancer types. Front Genet 2023; 13:1017657. [PMID: 36726722 PMCID: PMC9885371 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1017657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome variation is the direct cause of cancer and driver of its clonal evolution. While the impact of many point mutations can be evaluated through their modification of individual genomic elements, even a single copy number aberration (CNA) may encompass hundreds of genes and therefore pose challenges to untangle potentially complex functional effects. However, consistent, recurring and disease-specific patterns in the genome-wide CNA landscape imply that particular CNA may promote cancer-type-specific characteristics. Discerning essential cancer-promoting alterations from the inherent co-dependency in CNA would improve the understanding of mechanisms of CNA and provide new insights into cancer biology and potential therapeutic targets. Here we implement a model using segmental breakpoints to discover non-random gene coverage by copy number deletion (CND). With a diverse set of cancer types from multiple resources, this model identified common and cancer-type-specific oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes as well as cancer-promoting functional pathways. Confirmed by differential expression analysis of data from corresponding cancer types, the results show that for most cancer types, despite dissimilarity of their CND landscapes, similar canonical pathways are affected. In 25 analyses of 17 cancer types, we have identified 19 to 169 significant genes by copy deletion, including RB1, PTEN and CDKN2A as the most significantly deleted genes among all cancer types. We have also shown a shared dependence on core pathways for cancer progression in different cancers as well as cancer type separation by genome-wide significance scores. While this work provides a reference for gene specific significance in many cancers, it chiefly contributes a general framework to derive genome-wide significance and molecular insights in CND profiles with a potential for the analysis of rare cancer types as well as non-coding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyao Huang
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Baudis
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Michael Baudis,
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5
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Vasilogianni AM, Al-Majdoub ZM, Achour B, Peters SA, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Barber J. Proteomic quantification of receptor tyrosine kinases involved in the development and progression of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1010563. [PMID: 36890818 PMCID: PMC9986493 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1010563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alterations in expression and activity of human receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are associated with cancer progression and in response to therapeutic intervention. Methods Thus, protein abundance of 21 RTKs was assessed in 15 healthy and 18 cancerous liver samples [2 primary and 16 colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM)] matched with non-tumorous (histologically normal) tissue, by a validated QconCAT-based targeted proteomic approach. Results It was demonstrated, for the first time, that the abundance of EGFR, INSR, VGFR3 and AXL, is lower in tumours relative to livers from healthy individuals whilst the opposite is true for IGF1R. EPHA2 was upregulated in tumour compared with histologically normal tissue surrounding it. PGFRB levels were higher in tumours relative to both histologically normal tissue surrounding tumour and tissues taken from healthy individuals. The abundances of VGFR1/2, PGFRA, KIT, CSF1R, FLT3, FGFR1/3, ERBB2, NTRK2, TIE2, RET, and MET were, however, comparable in all samples. Statistically significant, but moderate correlations were observed (Rs > 0.50, p < 0.05) for EGFR with INSR and KIT. FGFR2 correlated with PGFRA and VGFR1 with NTRK2 in healthy livers. In non-tumorous (histologically normal) tissues from cancer patients, there were correlations between TIE2 and FGFR1, EPHA2 and VGFR3, FGFR3 and PGFRA (p < 0.05). EGFR correlated with INSR, ERBB2, KIT and EGFR, and KIT with AXL and FGFR2. In tumours, CSF1R correlated with AXL, EPHA2 with PGFRA, and NTRK2 with PGFRB and AXL. Sex, liver lobe and body mass index of donors had no impact on the abundance of RTKs, although donor age showed some correlations. RET was the most abundant of these kinases in non-tumorous tissues (~35%), while PGFRB was the most abundant RTK in tumours (~47%). Several correlations were also observed between the abundance of RTKs and proteins relevant to drug pharmacokinetics (enzymes and transporters). Discussion DiscussionThis study quantified perturbation to the abundance of several RTKs in cancer and the value generated in this study can be used as input to systems biology models defining liver cancer metastases and biomarkers of its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti-Maria Vasilogianni
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zubida M Al-Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brahim Achour
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Sheila Annie Peters
- Translational Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharma, R&D Global Early Development, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.,Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Simcyp Division, Certara Inc., Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Gigic B, van Roekel E, Holowatyj AN, Brezina S, Geijsen AJMR, Ulvik A, Ose J, Koole JL, Damerell V, Kiblawi R, Gumpenberger T, Lin T, Kvalheim G, Koelsch T, Kok DE, van Duijnhoven FJ, Bours MJ, Baierl A, Li CI, Grady W, Vickers K, Habermann N, Schneider M, Kampman E, Ueland PM, Ulrich A, Weijenberg M, Gsur A, Ulrich C. Cohort profile: Biomarkers related to folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer recurrence and survival - the FOCUS Consortium. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062930. [PMID: 36549742 PMCID: PMC9772678 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The overarching goal of the FOCUS (biomarkers related to folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence and survival) Consortium is to unravel the effect of folate and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) biomarkers on CRC prognosis to provide clinically relevant advice on folate intake to cancer patients and define future tertiary prevention strategies. PARTICIPANTS The FOCUS Consortium is an international, prospective cohort of 2401 women and men above 18 years of age who were diagnosed with a primary invasive non-metastatic (stages I-III) CRC. The consortium comprises patients from Austria, two sites from the Netherlands, Germany and two sites from the USA. Patients are recruited after CRC diagnosis and followed at 6 and 12 months after enrolment. At each time point, sociodemographic data, data on health behaviour and clinical data are collected, blood samples are drawn. FINDINGS TO DATE An increased risk of cancer recurrences was observed among patients with higher compared with lower circulating folic acid concentrations. Furthermore, specific folate species within the FOCM pathway were associated with both inflammation and angiogenesis pathways among patients with CRC. In addition, higher vitamin B6 status was associated with better quality of life at 6 months post-treatment. FUTURE PLANS Better insights into the research on associations between folate and FOCM biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients with CRC will facilitate the development of guidelines regarding folate intake in order to provide clinically relevant advice to patients with cancer, health professionals involved in patient care, and ultimately further tertiary prevention strategies in the future. The FOCUS Consortium offers an excellent infrastructure for short-term and long-term research projects and for combining additional biomarkers and data resulting from the individual cohorts within the next years, for example, microbiome data, omics and multiomics data or CT-quantified body composition data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eline van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreana N Holowatyj
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Anne J M R Geijsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Janna L Koole
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Damerell
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rama Kiblawi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Tengda Lin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Torsten Koelsch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieuwertje E Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Franzel J van Duijnhoven
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Christopher I Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William Grady
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathy Vickers
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nina Habermann
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Surgical Department I, Städtische Kliniken Neuss, Lukaskrankenhaus GmbH, Neuss, Germany
| | - Matty Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Cornelia Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Zhu M, Bai L, Liu X, Peng S, Xie Y, Bai H, Yu H, Wang X, Yuan P, Ma R, Lin J, Wu L, Huang M, Li Y, Luo Y. Silence of a dependence receptor CSF1R in colorectal cancer cells activates tumor-associated macrophages. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005610. [PMID: 36600555 PMCID: PMC9730427 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), a classic tyrosine kinase receptor, has been identified as a proto-oncogene in multiple cancers. The CSF1/CSF1R axis is essential for the survival and differentiation of M2-phenotype tumor-associated macrophages (M2 TAMs). However, we found here that the CSF1R expression was abnormally down-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), and its biological functions and underlying mechanisms have become elusive in CRC progression. METHODS The expression of class III receptor tyrosine kinases in CRC and normal intestinal mucosa was accessed using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and was further validated by our tested cohort. CSF1R was reconstructed in CRC cells to identify its biological functions in vitro and in vivo. We compared CSF1R expression and methylation differences between CRC cells and macrophages. Furthermore, a co-culture system was used to mimic a competitive mechanism between CSF1R-overexpressed CRC cells and M2-like macrophages. We utilized a CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 to ablate M2 TAMs and evaluated its efficacy on CRC treatment in animal models. RESULTS We found here that the CSF1R is silenced in CRC, and the reintroduced expression of the receptor in CRC cells can be cleaved by caspases and constrain tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, functioning as a tumor suppressor gene. We further identified CSF1R as a novel dependence receptor, which has the potential to act as either a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene, depending on its activated state. In CRC tumors, CSF1R expression is enriched in TAMs, and its expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients ith CRC. In a co-culture system, CRC cells expressing CSF1R compete with M2-like macrophages for CSF1R ligands, resulting in a decrease in CSF1R activation and cell proliferation in macrophages. Blocking CSF1R by PLX3397 could deplete M2 TAMs and augments CD8+ T cell infiltration, effectively inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis and improving responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that CSF1R is a novel identified dependence receptor silenced in CRC. The silence abalienates its ligands to stimulate CSF1R expressed on M2 TAMs, which is an appealing therapeutic target for M2 TAM depletion and CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangliang Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoyong Peng
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumo Xie
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Bai
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linping Wu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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de Almeida LC, Carlos JAEG, Rezende-Teixeira P, Machado-Neto JA, Costa-Lotufo LV. AD80, a multikinase inhibitor, as a potential drug candidate for colorectal cancer therapy. Life Sci 2022; 308:120911. [PMID: 36030982 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a very heterogeneous disease. One of its hallmarks is the dysregulation of protein kinases, which leads to molecular events related to carcinogenesis. Hence, kinase inhibitors have been developed and are a new strategy with promising potential for CRC therapy. This study aims to explore AD80, a multikinase inhibitor, as a drug option for CRC, with evaluation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK (ERK1/2) status of CRC cells' panel and the cytotoxicity of AD80 in those cells, as well as in normal colon cells. MAIN METHODS Cellular and molecular mechanisms, such as clonogenicity, cell cycle, morphology, protein, and mRNA expression, were investigated in CRC cells after AD80 exposure. KEY FINDINGS Results show that PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways are upregulated in CRC cellular models, with increased phosphorylation of mTOR, P70S6K, S6RP, 4EBP1, and ERK1/2. Hence, AD80 selectively reduces cell viability of CRC cells. Therefore, the antitumor mechanisms of AD80, such as clonogenicity inhibition (reduction of colony number and size), G2/M arrest (increased G2/M population, and CDKN1B mRNA expression), DNA damage (increased H2AX and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and CDKN1A, GADD45A mRNA expression), apoptosis (increased PARP1 cleavage, and BAX, PMAIP1, BBC3 mRNA expression) and inhibition of S6RP phosphorylation were validated in CRC model. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings reinforce kinases as promising cancer therapeutic targets for the treatment of colorectal cancer, suggesting AD80 as a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Costa de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Rezende-Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Borges Duarte D, Benido Silva V, Assunção G, Couto Carvalho A, Freitas C. Non-thyroidal second primary malignancy in papillary thyroid cancer patients. Eur Thyroid J 2022; 11:e220018. [PMID: 35900869 PMCID: PMC9346322 DOI: 10.1530/etj-22-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The occurrence of non-thyroidal second primary malignancy (NTSPM) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is well documented, but epidemiological data are conflicting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of NTSPM in a large series of patients with PTC and to assess its potential risk factors. METHODS Single-center cohort study with retrospective data collection conducted on consecutive PTC patients diagnosed from 1988 to 2018 with a minimum follow-up time of 2 years. NTSPM was defined as any primary malignancy with histological confirmation occurring in an anatomical site other than the thyroid. According to the timing of occurrence, NTSPM were subdivided into anachronous, synchronous or metachronous (diagnosed >6 months before, within 6 months and >6 months after PTC diagnosis, respectively). RESULTS We included 773 individuals (83.3% females), median age at PTC diagnosis was 47.0 (IQR: 37.0-58.0) years and median follow-up time was 9.9 (6.2-16.3) years. Incidence of NTSPM was 15.5% (n = 120) and its standard incidence ratio (SIR) was higher when compared to the general population (SIR: 2.70). Family history of malignancy and younger age at diagnosis were associated respectively with 206 and 4% increased risk of developing metachronous neoplasia (HR: 2.06 (95% CI: 1.10-3.86) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02-1.05), respectively). CONCLUSION In our series, the occurrence of NTSPM was not uncommon and its incidence was higher compared to the general population. First-degree family history of malignancy was a strong risk factor for multiple primary malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Borges Duarte
- Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Borges Duarte:
| | - Vânia Benido Silva
- Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Assunção
- Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Couto Carvalho
- Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Freitas
- Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Regua AT, Najjar M, Lo HW. RET signaling pathway and RET inhibitors in human cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932353. [PMID: 35957881 PMCID: PMC9359433 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearranged during transfection (RET) receptor tyrosine kinase was first identified over thirty years ago as a novel transforming gene. Since its discovery and subsequent pathway characterization, RET alterations have been identified in numerous cancer types and are most prevalent in thyroid carcinomas and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In other tumor types such as breast cancer and salivary gland carcinomas, RET alterations can be found at lower frequencies. Aberrant RET activity is associated with poor prognosis of thyroid and lung carcinoma patients, and is strongly correlated with increased risk of distant metastases. RET aberrations encompass a variety of genomic or proteomic alterations, most of which confer constitutive activation of RET. Activating RET alterations, such as point mutations or gene fusions, enhance activity of signaling pathways downstream of RET, namely PI3K/AKT, RAS/RAF, MAPK, and PLCγ pathways, to promote cell proliferation, growth, and survival. Given the important role that mutant RET plays in metastatic cancers, significant efforts have been made in developing inhibitors against RET kinase activity. These efforts have led to FDA approval of Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib for NSCLC, as well as, additional selective RET inhibitors in preclinical and clinical testing. This review covers the current biological understanding of RET signaling, the impact of RET hyperactivity on tumor progression in multiple tumor types, and RET inhibitors with promising preclinical and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina T. Regua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mariana Najjar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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11
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Yuan Z, Yu X, Chen W, Chen D, Cai J, Jiang Y, Liu X, Wu Z, Wang L, Grady WM, Wang H. Epigenetic silencing and tumor suppressor gene of HAND2 by targeting ERK signaling in colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:111. [PMID: 35870943 PMCID: PMC9308366 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The screening biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is lacking. The aim is to identify epigenetic silenced genes and clarify its roles and underlying mechanism in CRC. We conducted integrative analyses of epigenome-wide Human Methylation 450 K arrays and transcriptome to screen out candidate epigenetic driver genes with transcription silencing. Methylated silencing HAND2 were identified and verified in large CRC cohort. The mechanism of HAND2 expression by promoter inhibition were clarified both in vitro and vivo assays. Cell biofunctional roles of HAND2 methylation was investigated in CRC cells. HAND2 reconstitution were constructed by lentivirus plasmid and tumor xenograft model of HAND2 were built subcutaneously. Genomic mRNA analysis by RNA-sequencing and subsequent GSEA analysis were performed to identify potential target of HAND2 and qPCR/WB was conducted to identify the results. RESULTS We firstly reported high frequency of HAND2 methylation in promoter in CRC and hypermethylation was negatively correlated with expression silencing and leaded to poor survival in several CRC cohort patients. 5-Aza treatment to demethylated HAND2 could revert its expression in CRC cells. Functionally, HAND2 reconstitution can inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro. In tumor xenograft, HAND2 reconstruction significantly repressed tumor growth when compared to control vector. Thousands of aberrant expressed genes were observed in the heatmap of RNA-sequencing data. HAND2 reconstitution could bind to ERK and reduce its phosphorylation by CoIP assay. These above results showed HAND2 reconstitution perturbed the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling by reduction of ERK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS HAND2 is one tumor suppressor by targeting ERK signaling and one potential epigenetic driver gene in CRC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D4-100, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Xihu Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenle Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daici Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingming Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D4-100, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Afreen S, Weinstein LS, Simonds WF, Jha S. Case of Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Congenital Granular Cell Tumor and Aggressive Colorectal Cancer. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac096. [DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We present the case of a 53-year-old African-American male with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), multi-focal benign granular cell tumor (GCT) and metastatic colon adenocarcinoma. PHPT was diagnosed on routine blood testing [ionized calcium 1.66 (1.12-1.32) mmol/L, PTH 110pg/mL, Vitamin D-25-OH-D: 18ng/mL, PTHrP: undetectable]. Medical history was notable for two reoccurrences of PHPT with persistent disease after most recent parathyroidectomy. Lymph node (LN) dissection during this last surgery showed a 2-mm focus of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 1/5 LNs. Additionally, patient had a history of multi-focal GCTs diagnosed at age two. On exam, there were no Lisch nodules, axillary, or inguinal freckling, neurofibromas or café-au-lait macules but a prominent abdominal wall nodule was noted. En bloc resection of a tumor in the tracheoesophageal groove, identified by sestamibi scan and excision of 4.5-cm abdominal wall nodule showed both masses having histology consistent with GCT. Serum calcium and PTH did not decrease indicating another unsuccessful surgery. Genetic testing was negative for germline variants in PHPT-associated genes, APC or genes of RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. The LN finding of metastatic adenocarcinoma prompted an endoscopy and trans-bronchial biopsy leading to the diagnosis of widely metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma, eventually resulting in his death a year later. Source of patient’s persistent PHPT remained unidentified. This is the first case with co-association of recurrent PHPT, multi-focal GCT and colon cancer. Whether the disparate tumors in this patient share common driver(s) remains unknown. Prospective surveillance of patients for similar associations may provide clues for a novel syndromic form of PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - William F Simonds
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Smita Jha
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
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13
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Comprehensive profiling of 1015 patients' exomes reveals genomic-clinical associations in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2342. [PMID: 35487942 PMCID: PMC9055073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its clinical associations remain poorly understood due to limited samples or targeted genes in current studies. Here, we perform ultradeep whole-exome sequencing on 1015 patients with CRC as part of the ChangKang Project. We identify 46 high-confident significantly mutated genes, 8 of which mutate in 14.9% of patients: LYST, DAPK1, CR2, KIF16B, NPIPB15, SYTL2, ZNF91, and KIAA0586. With an unsupervised clustering algorithm, we propose a subtyping strategy that classisfies CRC patients into four genomic subtypes with distinct clinical characteristics, including hypermutated, chromosome instability with high risk, chromosome instability with low risk, and genome stability. Analysis of immunogenicity uncover the association of immunogenicity reduction with genomic subtypes and poor prognosis in CRC. Moreover, we find that mitochondrial DNA copy number is an independent factor for predicting the survival outcome of CRCs. Overall, our results provide CRC-related molecular features for clinical practice and a valuable resource for translational research.
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14
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Rahiminejad S, Maurya MR, Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Modular and mechanistic changes across stages of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:436. [PMID: 35448980 PMCID: PMC9022252 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While mechanisms contributing to the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are well studied, cancer stage-specific mechanisms have been less comprehensively explored. This is the focus of this manuscript. METHODS Using previously published data for CRC (Gene Expression Omnibus ID GSE21510), we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across four stages of the disease. We then generated unweighted and weighted correlation networks for each of the stages. Communities within these networks were detected using the Louvain algorithm and topologically and functionally compared across stages using the normalized mutual information (NMI) metric and pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. We also used Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) algorithm to detect potential biomarkers having a role in CRC. RESULTS Sixteen Thousand Sixty Two DEGs were identified between various stages (p-value ≤ 0.05). Comparing communities of different stages revealed that neighboring stages were more similar to each other than non-neighboring stages, at both topological and functional levels. A functional analysis of 24 cancer-related pathways indicated that several signaling pathways were enriched across all stages. However, the stage-unique networks were distinctly enriched only for a subset of these 24 pathways (e.g., MAPK signaling pathway in stages I-III and Notch signaling pathway in stages III and IV). We identified potential biomarkers, including HOXB8 and WNT2 with increasing, and MTUS1 and SFRP2 with decreasing trends from stages I to IV. Extracting subnetworks of 10 cancer-relevant genes and their interacting first neighbors (162 genes in total) revealed that the connectivity patterns for these genes were different across stages. For example, BRAF and CDK4, members of the Ser/Thr kinase, up-regulated in cancer, displayed changing connectivity patterns from stages I to IV. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report molecular and modular networks for various stages of CRC, providing a pseudo-temporal view of the mechanistic changes associated with the disease. Our analysis highlighted similarities at both functional and topological levels, across stages. We further identified stage-specific mechanisms and biomarkers potentially contributing to the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahiminejad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mano R Maurya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kavitha Mukund
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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15
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Abdullah M, Meilany S, Trimarsanto H, Malik SG, Sukartini N, Idrus F, Nursyirwan SA, Muzellina VN, Pribadi RR, Utari AP, Maulahela H, Syam AF. Genomic profiles of Indonesian colorectal cancer patients. F1000Res 2022; 11:443. [PMID: 37125020 PMCID: PMC10133825 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109136.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and genetic mutation plays a vital role in CRC development. A previous study has suggested that genetic alterations among Indonesian patients with CRC might differ from those known in developed countries. This study aimed to describe the genomic profiles of Indonesian patients with CRC. Methods: A total of 13 patients were recruited for this study from May to July 2019. Tissue samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from the samples. AmpliSeq for Illumina Cancer HotSpot Panel v2 Next-generation sequencing was used for DNA sequencing and a genome analysis toolkit was used for local realignment around the discovered variants. Results: A total of 45 genes comprising 391 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with a depth >10 were observed. The genes with the most variants were STK11, SMAD4, EGFR, and ERBB4 and the genes with the most non-synonymous variants were SMAD4, TP53, FGFR3, CDKN2A, and STK11. Genes and SNVs in at least 90% of all samples consisted of 43 genes comprising 286 variants. Genes with the most non-synonymous SNVs were EGFR, SMO, FGFR3, TP53, STK11, CDKN2A. Genes related to the chromosomal instability pathway, such as TP53, SMAD4, KRAS, and APC, are also found in the analysis. Conclusions: Our findings showed that all patients with CRC in this study had genetic mutations in the chromosomal instability pathway. Analysis of genetic mutation of Indonesian patients with CRC might be crucial for advanced targeted therapy and for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murdani Abdullah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Human Cancer Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sofy Meilany
- Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Safarina G. Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ninik Sukartini
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Firhat Idrus
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Saskia A. Nursyirwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Virly N. Muzellina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Rabbinu R. Pribadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Amanda P. Utari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Hasan Maulahela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ari F. Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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16
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Abdullah M, Meilany S, Trimarsanto H, Malik SG, Sukartini N, Idrus F, Nursyirwan SA, Muzellina VN, Pribadi RR, Utari AP, Maulahela H, Syam AF. Genomic profiles of Indonesian colorectal cancer patients. F1000Res 2022; 11:443. [PMID: 37125020 PMCID: PMC10133825 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109136.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and genetic mutation plays a vital role in CRC development. A previous study has suggested that genetic alterations among Indonesian patients with CRC might differ from those known in developed countries. This study aimed to describe the genomic profiles of Indonesian patients with CRC. Methods: A total of 13 patients were recruited for this study from May to July 2019. Tissue samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from the samples. AmpliSeq for Illumina Cancer HotSpot Panel v2 Next-generation sequencing was used for DNA sequencing and a genome analysis toolkit was used for local realignment around the discovered variants. Results: A total of 45 genes comprising 391 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with a depth >10 were observed. The genes with the most variants were STK11, SMAD4, EGFR, and ERBB4 and the genes with the most non-synonymous variants were SMAD4, TP53, FGFR3, CDKN2A, and STK11. Genes and SNVs in at least 90% of all samples consisted of 43 genes comprising 286 variants. Genes with the most non-synonymous SNVs were EGFR, SMO, FGFR3, TP53, STK11, CDKN2A. Genes related to the chromosomal instability pathway, such as TP53, SMAD4, KRAS, and APC, are also found in the analysis. Conclusions: Our findings showed that all patients with CRC in this study had genetic mutations in the chromosomal instability pathway. Analysis of genetic mutation of Indonesian patients with CRC might be crucial for advanced targeted therapy and for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murdani Abdullah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Human Cancer Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sofy Meilany
- Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Safarina G. Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ninik Sukartini
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Firhat Idrus
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Saskia A. Nursyirwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Virly N. Muzellina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Rabbinu R. Pribadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Amanda P. Utari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Hasan Maulahela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ari F. Syam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobiliary, and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Multi-Omic Approaches in Colorectal Cancer beyond Genomic Data. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020128. [PMID: 35207616 PMCID: PMC8880341 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumours and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Its incidence has increased in recent years and could be linked to unhealthy dietary habits combined with environmental and hereditary factors, which can lead to genetic and epigenetic changes and induce tumour development. The model of CRC progression has always been based on a genomic, parametric, static and complex approach involving oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Recent advances in omics sciences have sought a paradigm shift to a multiparametric, immunological-stromal, and dynamic approach for a better understanding of carcinogenesis and tumour heterogeneity. In the present paper, we review the most important preclinical and clinical data and present recent discoveries in the field of transcriptomics, proteomics, metagenomics and radiomics in CRC disease.
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OLFM4-RET fusion is an oncogenic driver in small intestine adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:72-82. [PMID: 34675408 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Small intestine adenocarcinoma is a rare intestinal malignancy with distinct clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics. Recently, a fusion of the intestinal stem-cell marker olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) and the proto-oncogene RET has been identified in a small intestine adenocarcinoma patient. Here we investigated the biological effects of OLFM4-RET fusion and whether it can initiate tumorigenesis in small intestine. OLFM4 expression was found to be frequently lost or reduced in human small intestine adenocarcinoma, and its downregulation correlated with high tumor grade and advanced tumor stage. Expression of OLFM4-RET fusion-induced cellular transformation in HEK293 cells and blocked RET-induced inhibition of colony growth in HuTu 80 small intestine adenocarcinoma cells. Further, expression of OLFM4-RET activated the RAS-RAF-MAPK and STAT3 cell signaling pathways in both HEK293 cells and HuTu 80 cells. OLFM4-RET expression in HEK293 cells upregulated multiple families of genes related to carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Targeted expression of OLFM4-RET in the small intestine led to the development of hyperplasia, adenoma, or adenocarcinoma in transgenic mice. Our study suggests that OLFM4-RET is an oncogenic driver of small intestine tumorigenesis. Therefore, the small intestine adenocarcinoma patients with OLFM4-RET fusion may benefit from treatment with RET kinase inhibitor.
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19
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Matrone A, Gambale C, Prete A, Elisei R. Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Towards a Precision Medicine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:864253. [PMID: 35422765 PMCID: PMC9004483 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.864253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine malignant tumor originating from parafollicular C-cells producing calcitonin. Most of cases (75%) are sporadic while the remaining (25%) are hereditary. In these latter cases medullary thyroid carcinoma can be associated (multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIA and IIB) or not (familial medullary thyroid carcinoma), with other endocrine diseases such as pheochromocytoma and/or hyperparathyroidism. RET gene point mutation is the main molecular alteration involved in MTC tumorigenesis, both in sporadic and in hereditary cases. Total thyroidectomy with prophylactic/therapeutic central compartment lymph nodes dissection is the initial treatment of choice. Further treatments are needed according to tumor burden and rate of progression. Surgical treatments and local therapies are advocated in the case of single or few local or distant metastasis and slow rate of progression. Conversely, systemic treatments should be initiated in cases with large metastatic and rapidly progressive disease. In this review, we discuss the details of systemic treatments in advanced and metastatic sporadic MTC, focusing on multikinase inhibitors, both those already used in clinical practice and under investigation, and on emerging treatments such as highly selective RET inhibitors and radionuclide therapy.
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20
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Adashek JJ, Desai AP, Andreev-Drakhlin AY, Roszik J, Cote GJ, Subbiah V. Hallmarks of RET and Co-occuring Genomic Alterations in RET-aberrant Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1769-1776. [PMID: 34493590 PMCID: PMC8492504 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activating receptor-tyrosine kinase rearranged during transfection (RET) mutations and fusions are potent drivers of oncogenesis. The recent FDA approvals of highly potent and selective RET inhibitors, selpercatinib and pralsetinib, has altered the therapeutic management of RET aberrant tumors. There is ample evidence of the role of RET signaling in certain cancers. RET aberrations as fusions or mutations occur in multiple cancers, however, there is considerable phenotypic diversity. There is emerging data on the lack of responsiveness of immunotherapy in RET-altered cancers. Herein, we review the registrational data from the selective RET-inhibitor trials, and comprehensively explore RET alterations in pan-cancer adult malignancies and their co-alterations. These co-occuring alterations may define the future of RET inhibition from specific selective targeting to customized combination therapies as data are rapidly emerging on both on-target and off-target acquired resistance mechanisms. Fascinatingly, oncogenic RET fusions have been reported to mediate resistance to EGFR inhibition and KRASG12C inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Adashek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Aakash P. Desai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gilbert J. Cote
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,MD Anderson Cancer Network, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Corresponding Author: Vivek Subbiah, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 455, Faculty Center 8th floor, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-563-1930; Fax: 713-792-0334; E-mail:
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21
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Buchholz K, Antosik P, Grzanka D, Gagat M, Smolińska M, Grzanka A, Gzil A, Kasperska A, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A. Expression of the Body-Weight Signaling Players: GDF15, GFRAL and RET and their clinical relevance in Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:4698-4709. [PMID: 34149933 PMCID: PMC8210553 DOI: 10.7150/jca.55511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence, the functional role and clinical relevance of GDF15 and its signaling through a GFRAL/RET-dependent complex in gastric cancer (GC) and other human tumors remain to be elucidated, despite the widespread recognition of obesity as an important cancer-predisposing factor. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the expression levels of GDF15, GFRAL and RET in GC tissues in relation to each other and clinicopathological features, including patient survival, in order to establish a potential implication of the body-weight signaling pathway in the pathology and clinical outcome of GC. Protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing 104 and 30 consecutive GC and normal gastric mucosa samples, whereas gene expression data for The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort of 413 GC patients were obtained from public sources. We found that the protein expression of GDF15, GFRAL and RET was significantly elevated and positively correlated in our set of GC tissues, which was reflected in their tendency to be overexpressed in low-grade and intermediate-grade tumors rather than high-grade ones. No other relationships between the expression status of the examined proteins and clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients were found. Through in silico data analysis, we showed that high GDF15 expression was associated with better overall survival (OS) of GC patients, whereas the opposite was true for high levels of GFRAL or RET. Specifically, GFRAL and RET emerged as independent prognostic factors associated with poor OS. Furthermore, high combined expression of the three markers: GDF15+GFRAL+RET was significantly associated with reduced OS, and it was an independent prognostic factor of borderline significance in terms of OS, when adjusted for covariates. If validated in large-scale studies, the individual and combined expression of GDF15, GFRAL and RET may provide significant clinical implications for the prognosis prediction of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Buchholz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Smolińska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Kasperska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
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22
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Ashkboos M, Nikbakht M, Zarinfard G, Soleimani M. RET Protein Expression in Colorectal Cancer; An Immunohistochemical Assessment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1019-1023. [PMID: 33906292 PMCID: PMC8325127 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.4.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: RET (rearranged during transfection) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase and a receptor for the GDNF-family ligands. It plays the role of a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Therefore, it is expected that RET gene becomes downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we evaluated immuno-histochemical expression of RET in CRC and assessed its correlation with some of the clinicopathological features to study the prognostic value in CRC. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) from the patients who underwent surgical gastroenterology operations were randomly selected. The samples included one tumor-rich section per case and one adjacent tumor-free section as the normal control for that case. Then, immunohistochemistry (ICH) was performed for RET on all the samples and the expression of RET was analyzed. Furthermore, the correlation of RET with clinicopathological features including age, gender, location of the tumor, grade, and stage was evaluated. Results: The expression of RET caused significant downregulation in cancer samples compared to the normal control ones (P = 0.002). This downregulation increased in correlation to both grade and metastasis to lymph nodes (P = 0.03 & 0.02 respectively). However, no correlation was found between the expression of RET and gender as well as location of the tumor. Conclusion: RET may be considered as a protein marker in CRC detection and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ashkboos
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikbakht
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Giti Zarinfard
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mitra Soleimani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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23
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Chen Z, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zou Q, Bai L, Tang G, Wang X, Cao G, Huang M, Xiang J, Yu H. Genome-wide analysis identifies critical DNA methylations within NTRKs genes in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 19:73. [PMID: 33593392 PMCID: PMC7885252 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinases (NTRKs) are a gene family function as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in distinct cancers. We aimed to investigate the methylation and expression profiles and prognostic value of NTRKs gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods An analysis of DNA methylation and expression profiles in CRC patients was performed to explore the critical methylations within NTRKs genes. The methylation marker was validated in a retrospectively collected cohort of 229 CRC patients and tested in other tumor types from TCGA. DNA methylation status was determined by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP). Results The profiles in six CRC cohorts showed that NTRKs gene promoter was more frequently methylated in CRC compared to normal mucosa, which was associated with suppressed gene expression. We identified a specific methylated region within NTRK3 promoter targeted by cg27034819 and cg11525479 that best predicted survival outcome in CRC. NTRK3 promoter methylation showed independently predictive value for survival outcome in the validation cohort (P = 0.004, HR 2.688, 95% CI [1.355, 5.333]). Based on this, a nomogram predicting survival outcome was developed with a C-index of 0.705. Furthermore, the addition of NTRK3 promoter methylation improved the performance of currently-used prognostic model (AIC: 516.49 vs 513.91; LR: 39.06 vs 43.64, P = 0.032). Finally, NTRK3 promoter methylation also predicted survival in other tumors, including pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma and stomach adenocarcinoma. Conclusions This study highlights the essential value of NTRK3 methylation in prognostic evaluation and the potential to improve current prognostic models in CRC and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zenghong Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Bai
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guannan Tang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Bresalier RS, Grady WM, Markowitz SD, Nielsen HJ, Batra SK, Lampe PD. Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: The Early Detection Research Network, a Framework for Clinical Translation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2431-2440. [PMID: 32299850 PMCID: PMC7572434 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection by screening significantly reduces mortality from colorectal cancer, but 40% of guideline-eligible patients are not screened as recommended in the United States. Novel strategies to improve screening uptake overall and efforts to deploy best practices to underserved populations are a high priority for health care. This review focuses on existing biomarkers in practice and those in development with clinical relevance to early detection of colorectal neoplasia, with an emphasis on those developed by investigators of the NCI's Early Detection Research Network. Aberrantly methylated DNA markers (blood and stool), stool-based markers (including fecal immunochemical test-DNA), and a variety of blood-based marker assays in development (protein markers, glycoproteins including mucins, and cell-free DNA tests) are reviewed. Individual markers and biomarker panels, sample resources, and barriers to translating biomarkers to clinical practice are discussed.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible."
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hans Jørgen Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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25
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McCullough D, Atofanei C, Knight E, Trim SA, Trim CM. Kinome scale profiling of venom effects on cancer cells reveals potential new venom activities. Toxicon 2020; 185:129-146. [PMID: 32682827 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel and relevant cancer therapeutics is continuous and ongoing. Cancer adaptations, resulting in therapeutic treatment failures, fuel this continuous necessity for new drugs to novel targets. Recently, researchers have started to investigate the effect of venoms and venom components on different types of cancer, investigating their mechanisms of action. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) comprise a family of highly conserved and functionally important druggable targets for cancer therapy. This research exploits the novelty of complex venom mixtures to affect phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and related RTK family members, dually identifying new activities and unexplored avenues for future cancer and venom research. Six whole venoms from diverse species taxa, were evaluated for their ability to illicit changes in the phosphorylated expression of a panel of 49 commonly expressed RTKs. The triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 was treated with optimised venom doses, pre-determined by SDS PAGE and Western blot analysis. The phosphorylated expression levels of 49 RTKs in response to the venoms were assessed with the use of Human Phospho-RTK Arrays and analysed using ImageLab 5.2.1 analysis software (BioRad). Inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation occurred with treatment of venom from Acanthoscurria geniculata (Theraphosidae), Heterometrus swammerdami (Scorpionidae), Crotalus durissus vegrandis (Crotalidae) and Naja naja (Elapidae). Western green mamba Dendroaspis viridis venom increased EGFR phosphorylation. Eph, HGFR and HER were the most affected receptor families by venoms. Whilst the importance of these changes in terms of effect on MDA-MB-468 cells' long-term viability and functionality are still unclear, the findings present exciting opportunities for further investigation as potential drug targets in cancer and as tools to understand better how these pathways interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle McCullough
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Cristina Atofanei
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Emily Knight
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK; Life Sciences Industry Liaison laboratory, Canterbury Christ Church University, Discovery Park, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9FF, UK
| | - Steven A Trim
- Venomtech Ltd., Discovery Park, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9FF, UK
| | - Carol M Trim
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK.
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26
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Li Y, Bai L, Yu H, Cai D, Wang X, Huang B, Peng S, Huang M, Cao G, Kaz AM, Grady WM, Wang J, Luo Y. Epigenetic Inactivation of α-Internexin Accelerates Microtubule Polymerization in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5203-5215. [PMID: 33051252 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation contributes to malignant transformation, but little is known about how the methylation drives colorectal cancer evolution at the early stages. Here we identify aberrant INA (α-internexin) gene methylation in colon adenoma and adenocarcinoma by filtering data obtained from a genome-wide screen of methylated genes. The gene encoding INA, a type IV intermediate filament, was frequently hypermethylated in CpG islands located in the promoter region. This hypermethylation preferentially occurred in large tumors and was a prognostic marker for poor overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. This type of epigenetic alteration silenced INA expression in both adenoma and adenocarcinoma tissues. Gene silencing of INA in colorectal cancer cells increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Restored INA expression blocked migration and invasion in vitro and reduced lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, INA directly inhibited microtubule polymerization in vitro and decreased intracellular microtubule plus-end assembly rates. A peptide array screen surveying the tubulin-binding sites in INA identified a tubulin-binding motif located in the N-terminal head domain that plays a tumor-suppressive role by binding to unpolymerized tubulins and impeding microtubule polymerization. Thus, epigenetic inactivation of INA is an intermediate filament reorganization event that is essential to accelerate microtubule polymerization in the early stages of colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This work provides insight into the epigenetic inactivation of INA, a novel identified tumor suppressor, which increases microtubule polymerization during colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangliang Bai
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Du Cai
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoyuan Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoyong Peng
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew M Kaz
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Gastroenterology Section, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jianping Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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27
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Losi L, Zanocco-Marani T, Grande A. Cadherins down-regulation: towards a better understanding of their relevance in colorectal cancer. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1391-1402. [PMID: 32567668 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The down-regulation of cadherin expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been widely studied. However, existing data on cadherin expression are highly variable and its relevance to CRC development has not been completely established. This review examines published studies on cadherins whose down-regulation has been already demonstrated in CRC, trying to establish a relationship with promoter methylation, the capacity to influence the Wnt / CTNNB1 (catenin beta 1, beta-catenin) signalling pathway and the clinical implications for disease outcome. Moreover, it also analyses factors that may explain data variability and highlights the importance of considering the altered subcellular localization of the examined cadherins. The results of this survey reveal that thirty of one hundred existing cadherins appear to be down-regulated in CRC. Among these, ten are cadherins, sixteen are protocadherins, equally divided between clustered and non clustered, and four are cadherin - related. These findings suggest that, to better define the role played by cadherin down-regulation in CRC pathogenesis, the expression of multiple rather than individual cadherins should be taken into account and further functional studies are necessary to clarify the relative ability of individual cadherins to inhibit CTNNB1 therefore acting as tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | | | - Alexis Grande
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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28
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Shen Z, Li Y, Fang Y, Lin M, Feng X, Li Z, Zhan Y, Liu Y, Mou T, Lan X, Wang Y, Li G, Wang J, Deng H. SNX16 activates c-Myc signaling by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of eEF1A2 in colorectal cancer development. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:387-406. [PMID: 31876369 PMCID: PMC6998659 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 16 (SNX16), a member of the sorting nexin family, has been implicated in tumor development. However, the function of SNX16 has not yet been investigated in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we showed that SNX16 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared with normal counterparts. Upregulated mRNA levels of SNX16 predicted poor survival of CRC patients. Functional experiments showed that SNX16 could promote CRC cells growth both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of SNX16 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, whereas ectopic overexpression of SNX16 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, SNX16‐eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A2 (eEF1A2) interaction could inhibit the degradation and ubiquitination of eEF1A2, followed by activation of downstream c‐Myc signaling. Our study unveiled that the SNX16/eEF1A2/c‐Myc signaling axis could promote colorectal tumorigenesis and SNX16 might potentially serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and an intervention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingdao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuang Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenkang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuechen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Mou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Lan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiping Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li AY, McCusker MG, Russo A, Scilla KA, Gittens A, Arensmeyer K, Mehra R, Adamo V, Rolfo C. RET fusions in solid tumors. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 81:101911. [PMID: 31715421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RET proto-oncogene has been well-studied. RET is involved in many different physiological and developmental functions. When altered, RET mutations influence disease in a variety of organ systems from Hirschsprung's disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2) to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Changes in RET expression have been discovered in 30-70% of invasive breast cancers and 50-60% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in addition to colorectal adenocarcinoma, melanoma, small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, and small intestine neuroendocrine tumors. RET mutations have been associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration. RET fusions or rearrangements are somatic juxtapositions of 5' sequences from other genes with 3' RET sequences encoding tyrosine kinase. RET rearrangements occur in approximately 2.5-73% of sporadic PTC and 1-3% of NSCLC patients. The most common RET fusions are CDCC6-RET and NCOA4-RET in PTC and KIF5B-RET in NSCLC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are drugs that target kinases such as RET in RET-driven (RET-mutation or RET-fusion-positive) disease. Multikinase inhibitors (MKI) target various kinases and other receptors. Several MKIs are FDA-approved for cancer therapy (sunitinib, sorafenib, vandetanib, cabozantinib, regorafenib, ponatinib, lenvatinib, alectinib) and non-oncologic disease (nintedanib). Selective RET inhibitor drugs LOXO-292 (selpercatinib) and BLU-667 (pralsetinib) are also undergoing phase I/II and I clinical trials, respectively, with preliminary results demonstrating partial response and low incidence of serious adverse events. RET fusions provide a viable therapeutic target for oncologic treatment, and further study is warranted into the prevalence and pathogenesis of RET fusions as well as development of current and new tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Michael G McCusker
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Katherine A Scilla
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison Gittens
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Arensmeyer
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincenzo Adamo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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30
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Shakiba E, Movahedi M, Majd A, Hedayati M. Investigating the expression and promoter methylation of RET gene in patients with medullary thyroid cancer with unmutated RET. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16304-16311. [PMID: 30873628 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies. Mutations in the rearranged during transfection (RET) gene, especially in exon 10, 11, and 16, as well as epigenetic modifications, constitute the major underlying molecular events leading to medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). There are few studies on the mutations and epigenetic changes of RET gene in Iranian patients with MTC. In the present study, we aimed to address this question and explore the clinical relevance of such genetic alternations in an Iranian population. METHODS Thirty-three patients with confirmed MTC who underwent thyroidectomy surgery in Imam Khomeini Hospital (Tehran, Iran) were enrolled. DNA extracted from cancerous tissues was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then was sequenced for identification of RET mutations. In patients with no identified mutations, the methylation status of RET promoter and its expression were further investigated using methylation-specific PCR and real-time PCR methods, respectively. RESULTS In MTC patients with no RET mutations, the promoter of the proto-oncogene was hypomethylated. Furthermore, RET gene expression was elevated in patients who revealed no mutations in neither of exon 10, 11, or 16 of the RET gene. CONCLUSION Hypomethylation of RET promoter may contribute to MTC pathogenesis. The methylation status of RET promoter could be a new potential prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic marker in MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shakiba
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Movahedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Zhang L, Zheng C, Sun Z, Wang H, Wang F. Long non-coding RNA urothelial cancer associated 1 can regulate the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells (SW480) via myocardin-related transcription factor-A. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4185-4193. [PMID: 31579420 PMCID: PMC6757313 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortalities. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as key regulators in the occurrence and development of CRC. The lncRNA urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) has been demonstrated to promote the development of numerous different types of cancer. In the present study, a novel molecular mechanism of UCA1, regulating the migratory and invasive capabilities of SW480 CRC cells was identified. UCA1 promoted the migration and invasion of SW480 cells by suppressing phosphorylation of myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A). Our findings indicated that UCA1 competes with extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 to inhibit the phosphorylation of MRTF-A. These novel discoveries may reveal additional functions of UCA1, which may support future clinical development of novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Nankai University People's Hospital, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Zheng
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Nankai University People's Hospital, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Nankai University People's Hospital, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Nankai University People's Hospital, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Fengwei Wang
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Nankai University People's Hospital, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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Han KH, Kim AK, Jeong GJ, Jeon HR, Bhang SH, Kim DI. Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effects of Conditioned Medium from Hypoxic Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:291-303. [PMID: 31023003 PMCID: PMC6657944 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives There have been contradictory reports on the pro-cancer or anti-cancer effects of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, we investigated whether conditioned medium (CM) from hypoxic human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) (H-CM) showed enhanced anti-cancer effects compared with CM from normoxic hUC-MSCs (N-CM). Methods and Results Compared with N-CM, H-CM not only strongly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells), but also increased caspase-3/7 activity, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and induced cell cycle arrest. In contrast, cell viability, apoptosis, MMP, and cell cycle of human dermal fibroblast (hDFs) were not significantly changed by either CM whereas caspase-3/7 activity was decreased by H-CM. Protein antibody array showed that activin A, Beta IG-H3, TIMP-2, RET, and IGFBP-3 were upregulated in H-CM compared with N-CM. Intracellular proteins that were upregulated by H-CM in HeLa cells were represented by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest terms of biological processes of Gene Ontology (GO), and by cell cycle of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. In hDFs, negative regulation of apoptosis in biological process of GO and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway of KEGG pathways were represented. Conclusions H-CM showed enhanced anti-cancer effects on HeLa cells but did not influence cell viability or apoptosis of hDFs and these different effects were supported by profiling of secretory proteins in both kinds of CM and intracellular signaling of HeLa cells and hDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Hyun Han
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae-Kyeong Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Jeon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Chemical Engineering, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Liang Y, Zhang C, Dai DQ. Identification of differentially expressed genes regulated by methylation in colon cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3392-3407. [PMID: 31341364 PMCID: PMC6639549 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i26.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation, acknowledged as a key modification in the field of epigenetics, regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level. Aberrant methylation in DNA regulatory regions could upregulate oncogenes and downregulate tumor suppressor genes without changing the sequences. However, studies of methylation in the control of gene expression are still inadequate. In the present research, we performed bioinformatics analysis to clarify the function of methylation and supply candidate methylation-related biomarkers and drivers for colon cancer.
AIM To identify and analyze methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) in colon cancer by bioinformatics analysis.
METHODS We downloaded RNA expression profiles, Illumina Human Methylation 450K BeadChip data, and clinical data of colon cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. MeDEGs were identified by analyzing the gene expression and methylation levels using the edgeR and limma package in R software. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed in the DAVID database and KEGG Orthology-Based Annotation System 3.0, respectively. We then conducted Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to explore the relationship between methylation and expression and prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and investigation of protein-protein interactions (PPI) were performed to clarify the function of prognosis-related genes.
RESULTS A total of 5 up-regulated and 81 down-regulated genes were identified as MeDEGs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that MeDEGs were enriched in multiple cancer-related terms. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the prognosis was negatively associated with the methylation status of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and reelin (RELN). In PPI networks, GDNF and RELN interact with neural cell adhesion molecule 1. Besides, GDNF can interact with GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRA1), GFRA2, GFRA3, and RET. RELN can interact with RAFAH1B1, disabled homolog 1, very low-density lipoprotein receptor, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8, and NMDA 2B. Based on GSEA, hypermethylation of GDNF and RELN were both significantly associated with pathways including “RNA degradation,” “ribosome,” “mismatch repair,” “cell cycle” and “base excision repair.”
CONCLUSION Aberrant DNA methylation plays an important role in colon cancer progression. MeDEGs that are associated with the overall survival of patients may be potential targets in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dong-Qiu Dai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
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Jiang J, Li Y, Jiang Z. Effects of LDOC1 on colorectal cancer cells via downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:3281-3291. [PMID: 31002361 PMCID: PMC6488979 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumor types of the digestive tract. Its incidence and mortality rates are among the highest of all gastrointestinal tumor types. The expression of leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) is decreased in numerous cancer types. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the role of LDOC1 and determine the potential molecular mechanisms of its action in CRC. The expression of LDOC1 in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. LDOC1 expression in four CRC cell lines, compared with normal colorectal tissue, was determined by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and two cell lines with relatively low expression were screened. Human LDOC1 cDNA was inserted into a lentiviral vector, and transfected into HCT-116 and Caco2 cell lines. The transfection efficiency was identified by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry assay. Migration and invasion were assessed using Transwell and Matrigel assays, respectively. Additionally, whether LDOC1 regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was investigated by western blot analysis, and the expression and localization of β-catenin in CRC cells were demonstrated by cellular immunofluorescence. LDOC1 expression was downregulated in CRC tissues and cells. LDOC1 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but promoted cells apoptosis. Furthermore, LDOC1 downregulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CRC. In conclusion, LDOC1 is a tumor suppressor in CRC and it inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis. Additionally, it inhibits CRC cell metastasis by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - You Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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García-Aranda M, Redondo M. Targeting Receptor Kinases in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040433. [PMID: 30934752 PMCID: PMC6521260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in men and the second most common cancer in women. Despite the success of screening programs and the development of adjuvant therapies, the global burden of colorectal cancer is expected to increase by 60% to more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths by 2030. In recent years, a great effort has been made to demonstrate the utility of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment. Considering this heterogeneous disease is defined by mutations that activate different Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) and affect downstream components of RTK-activated transduction pathways, in this review we analyze the potential utility of different kinase inhibitors for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina García-Aranda
- Research Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol. Autovía A7, km 187. 29603 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Research Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol. Autovía A7, km 187. 29603 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- Facultad de Medicina, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
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Yu H, Bai L, Tang G, Wang X, Huang M, Cao G, Wang J, Luo Y. Novel Assay for Quantitative Analysis of DNA Methylation at Single-Base Resolution. Clin Chem 2019; 65:664-673. [PMID: 30737203 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.298570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DNA methylation profile provides valuable biological information with potential clinical utility. Several methods, such as quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP), have been developed to examine methylation of specific CpG sites. Existing qMSP-based techniques fail to examine the genomic methylation at a single-base resolution, particularly for loci in gene bodies or extensive CpG open seas lacking flanking CpGs. Therefore, we established a novel assay for quantitative analysis of single-base methylation. METHODS To achieve a robust single-base specificity, we developed a PCR-based method using paired probes following bisulfite treatment. The 6-carboxyfluorescein- and 2'-chloro-7'phenyl-1,4-dichloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein-labeled probes conjugated with minor groove binder were designed to specifically bind to the methylated and unmethylated allele of targeted single CpGs at their 3' half regions, respectively. The methylation percentage was calculated by values of methylation / (methylation + unmethylation). RESULTS In the detection of single CpGs within promoters or bodies of 4 human genes, the quantitative analysis of the single-base methylation assay showed a detection capability in the 1 to 1:10000 dilution experiments with linearity over 4 orders of magnitude (R 2 = 0.989-0.994; all P < 0.001). In a cohort of 10 colorectal cancer samples, the assay showed a comparable detection performance with bisulfite pyrosequencing (R 2 = 0.875-0.990; all P < 0.001), which was better than conventional qMSP methods normalized by input control reaction (R 2 = 0.841 vs 0.769; P = 0.002 vs 0.009). CONCLUSIONS This assay is highly specific and sensitive for determining single-base methylation and, thus, is potentially useful for methylation-based panels in diagnostic and prognostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangliang Bai
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guannan Tang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; .,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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37
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Mulligan LM. GDNF and the RET Receptor in Cancer: New Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1873. [PMID: 30666215 PMCID: PMC6330338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic Family Ligands (GFL) are soluble neurotrophic factors that are required for development of multiple human tissues, but which are also important contributors to human cancers. GFL signaling occurs through the transmembrane RET receptor tyrosine kinase, a well-characterized oncogene. GFL-independent RET activation, through rearrangement or point mutations occurs in thyroid and lung cancers. However, GFL-mediated activation of wildtype RET is an increasingly recognized mechanism promoting tumor growth and dissemination of a much broader group of cancers. RET and GFL expression have been implicated in metastasis or invasion in diverse human cancers including breast, pancreatic, and prostate tumors, where they are linked to poorer patient prognosis. In addition to directly inducing tumor growth in these diseases, GFL-RET signaling promotes changes in the tumor microenvironment that alter the surrounding stroma and cellular composition to enhance tumor invasion and metastasis. As such, GFL RET signaling is an important target for novel therapeutic approaches to limit tumor growth and spread and improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois M. Mulligan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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38
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Ulrich CM, Gigic B, Böhm J, Ose J, Viskochil R, Schneider M, Colditz GA, Figueiredo JC, Grady WM, Li CI, Shibata D, Siegel EM, Toriola AT, Ulrich A. The ColoCare Study: A Paradigm of Transdisciplinary Science in Colorectal Cancer Outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:591-601. [PMID: 30523039 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death. Biomarkers to predict treatment outcomes are needed, as is evidence whether postdiagnosis diet and lifestyle can affect well-being and clinical outcomes. The international ColoCare Consortium aims to identify new biologic markers (e.g., metabolomic, transcriptomic, metagenomic, genetic, epigenetic, proteomic markers) that predict clinical outcomes, and to characterize associations between modifiable risk factors (e.g., diet, supplement use, physical activity) with short-term and long-term patient-reported and clinical outcomes among patients with colorectal cancer.Methods/Results: ColoCare is recruiting newly diagnosed patients with colorectal cancer across six sites in the United States and one site in Germany. As of April 2018, we have recruited >2,000 patients across all sites. Our projected enrollment is >4,000 multiethnic patients with colorectal cancer. The study includes uniformly collected, comprehensive sets of data and biospecimens at multiple time points up to 5 years after diagnosis. Treatment and clinical data are abstracted from medical records and centrally harmonized. Biospecimens are archived according to standardized procedures. Our initial studies demonstrated metabolic differences in adipose tissue types. We further reported on associations of biological factors (e.g., inflammation, DNA methylation, metabolomics) with lifestyle factors (e.g., adiposity, smoking, physical activity, dietary supplement use) or joint associations with clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS ColoCare is a consortium for the investigation of multilevel factors relevant to colorectal cancer survivorship. IMPACT The combination of a comprehensive set of biospecimens collected at multiple time points, jointly with detailed assessments of health behaviors and other prognostic factors, results in a unique resource that facilitates wide-ranging, innovative, and impactful research on colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Böhm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Richard Viskochil
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - William M Grady
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christopher I Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Erin M Siegel
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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39
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Zeng L, Qian J, Luo X, Zhou A, Zhang Z, Fang Q. CHSY1 promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in colorectal cancer through regulation of the NFκB and/or caspase-3/7 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6140-6146. [PMID: 30344756 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a commonly observed malignant cancer. However, the limited therapies for colorectal cancer do not bring much benefit for patients. Chondroitin synthase-1 (CHSY1) is an enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of several cancer types; however, there is limited information regarding the role of CHSY1 in colorectal cancer. In the present study, CHSY1 was demonstrated to be highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and in cell lines, and the CHSY1 expression level was associated with the 5-year survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer. Following CHSY1 knockdown, the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells was significantly decreased. The number of RKO cells decreased by 50% following CHSY1 knockdown compared with that in the control after culture for 5 days. However, the apoptosis rate of RKO cells increased to 14.15% after CHSY1 knockdown. In addition, the activity of caspase-3/7 was also enhanced. Furthermore, the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was reduced, whereas the levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and truncated caspase-3/7 were increased following CHSY1 knockdown. Additionally, the phosphorylation level of IκB and the expression of nuclear factor (NF)κB also decreased. In contrast, forced expression of CHSY1 increased the level of Bcl-2, NFκB, and phosphorylated IκB, whereas the level of bax and truncated caspase-3/7 decreased. Therefore, the data of the present study suggest that CHSY1 promoted cell proliferation by regulating NFκB signaling and suppressed cell apoptosis by regulating/caspase-3/7 signaling in colorectal cancer. The present study also suggests that CHSY1 may be a potential target for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jinrong Qian
- Department of Health Care of Cadre, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Aiqun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Quangang Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Zhao J, Cao J, Zhou L, Du Y, Zhang X, Yang B, Gao Y, Wang Y, Ma N, Yang W. MiR-1260b inhibitor enhances the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to fluorouracil by targeting PDCD4/IGF1. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5131-5139. [PMID: 30250581 PMCID: PMC6144919 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant tumor type and has become resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in recent decades, which is one of the most popular therapies. Recently, microRNA (miRNA or miR) has been investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC. However, there has been little investigation of the underlying mechanism of the association between expression of miRNA and chemosensitivity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-1260b inhibitor on CRC cells, and their chemosensitivity to 5-FU, by treating them with the miR-1260b inhibitor. miR-1260b inhibitor was demonstrated to significantly promote the proliferation and invasion of the CRC cell line, HCT116, and to increase the apoptotic rate. Furthermore, it was validated that programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) was a direct target of miR-1260b inhibitor in CRC with bioinformatics tools and a luciferase assay. Western blot analysis revealed that miR-1260b inhibitor could significantly decrease PDCD4 expression, and downregulate the expression of phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) and phosphorylated-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). In conclusion, it was confirmed that the anti-tumor effect of the miR-1260b inhibitor was conducted by blocking the phosphorylated 3-kinase/Akt pathway as dysregulated protein expression induced by miR-1260b inhibitor was rescued by insulin-like growth factor. Notably, miR-1260b inhibitor could significantly enhanced the chemoresponse of HCT116 cells to 5-FU via reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and downregulation of PDCD4, p-Akt and p-ERK protein expression. In summary, the present study may provide a novel direction for future clinical therapy to enhance the chemosensitivity of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Cao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The 264th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Lurong Zhou
- Medical Department, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Yunyi Du
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Yangjun Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
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Mulligan LM. 65 YEARS OF THE DOUBLE HELIX: Exploiting insights on the RET receptor for personalized cancer medicine. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:T189-T200. [PMID: 29743166 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The focus of precision cancer medicine is the use of patient genetic signatures to predict disease occurrence and course and tailor approaches to individualized treatment to improve patient outcomes. The rearranged during transfection (RET) receptor tyrosine kinase represents a paradigm for the power of personalized cancer management to change cancer impact and improve quality of life. Oncogenic activation of RET occurs through several mechanisms including activating mutations and increased or aberrant expression. Activating RET mutations found in the inherited cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 permit early diagnosis, predict disease course and guide disease management to optimize patient survival. Rearrangements of RET found in thyroid and lung tumors provide insights on potential disease aggressiveness and offer opportunities for RET-targeted therapy. Aberrant RET expression in a subset of cases is associated with tumor dissemination, resistance to therapies and/or poorer prognosis in multiple cancers. The potential of RET targeting through repurposing of small-molecule multikinase inhibitors, selective RET inhibitors or other novel approaches provides exciting opportunities to individualize therapies across multiple pathologies where RET oncogenicity contributes to cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois M Mulligan
- Division of Cancer Biology and GeneticsCancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineQueen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Joo LJS, Zhao JT, Gild ML, Glover AR, Sidhu SB. Epigenetic regulation of RET receptor tyrosine kinase and non-coding RNAs in MTC. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 469:48-53. [PMID: 28315378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive and rare cancer with limited treatment options for metastatic disease. Due to this, there is a need for a better understanding of MTC biology in the hope of improved treatments. One area of improved understanding of cancer biology is epigenetics. Epigenetics is defined as cellular processes which alter gene expression independent of changes in the primary DNA sequence. These processes include modifications such as DNA methylation, microRNA deregulation and post-translational histone modifications, all of which have been implicated in tumorigenesis of MTC. Transcription of the main driver of MTC - the REarranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene can also be modulated by epigenetic alterations. This review will present a review of MTC and its epigenetic links with a particular focus on targeting epigenetic mechanisms as novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jin Suk Joo
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing Ting Zhao
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matti L Gild
- Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony R Glover
- Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stan B Sidhu
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
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Mendes Oliveira D, Grillone K, Mignogna C, De Falco V, Laudanna C, Biamonte F, Locane R, Corcione F, Fabozzi M, Sacco R, Viglietto G, Malanga D, Rizzuto A. Next-generation sequencing analysis of receptor-type tyrosine kinase genes in surgically resected colon cancer: identification of gain-of-function mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:84. [PMID: 29665843 PMCID: PMC5905113 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvement in genetic characterization of Colon Cancer (CC) patients is required to propose new potential targets, since surgical resection coupled to chemotherapy, presents several limits such as cancer recurrence and drug resistance. Targeted therapies have more efficacy and less toxicity than standard treatments. One of the most relevant cancer-specific actionable targets are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) whose role in CC need to be better investigated. METHODS We have analysed 37 CC patients using the Ion AmpliSeq™ Comprehensive Cancer Panel (CCP). We have confirmed the somatic nature of RET variants through Sanger sequencing and assessed RET activation status and protein expression by immunofluorescence and western-blot analyses. We have used RET mutant expression vectors to evaluate the effect of selected mutations in HEK293 cells by performing proliferation, migration and clonogenic assays. RESULTS Among the 409 cancer-related genes included in the CCP we have focused on the RTKs. Overall, we have observed 101 different potentially damaging variants distributed across 31 RTK genes in 28 patients. The most frequently mutated RTKs were FLT4, ROS1, EPH7, ERBB2, EGFR, RET, FGFR3 and FGFR4. In particular, we have identified 4 different somatic variants in 10% of CC patients in RET proto-oncogene. Among them, we have demonstrated that the G533C variant was able to activate RET by promoting dimer formation and enhancing Y1062 phosphorylation. Moreover, we have demonstrated that RET G533C variant was able to stimulate anchorage-dependent proliferation, migration and clonogenic cell survival. Notably, the effects induced by the RET G533C variant were abolished by vandetanib. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of pathogenic variants across RTK genes in 75% of the CC patients under analysis, suggests a previously underestimated role for RTKs in CC development. The identification of a gain-of-function RET mutation in CC highlights the potential use of RET in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Mendes Oliveira
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta - Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Valentina De Falco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmelo Laudanna
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Rosa Locane
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta - Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosario Sacco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta - Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.
| | - Donatella Malanga
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.
| | - Antonia Rizzuto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta - Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
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44
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RET-mediated autophagy suppression as targetable co-dependence in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2018; 32:2189-2202. [PMID: 29654265 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many cases of AML are associated with mutational activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as FLT3. However, RTK inhibitors have limited clinical efficacy as single agents, indicating that AML is driven by concomitant activation of different signaling molecules. We used a functional genomic approach to identify RET, encoding an RTK, as an essential gene in multiple subtypes of AML, and observed that AML cells show activation of RET signaling via ARTN/GFRA3 and NRTN/GFRA2 ligand/co-receptor complexes. Interrogation of downstream pathways identified mTORC1-mediated suppression of autophagy and subsequent stabilization of leukemogenic drivers such as mutant FLT3 as important RET effectors. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacologic RET inhibition impaired the growth of FLT3-dependent AML cell lines and was accompanied by upregulation of autophagy and FLT3 depletion. RET dependence was also evident in mouse models of AML and primary AML patient samples, and transcriptome and immunohistochemistry analyses identified elevated RET mRNA levels and co-expression of RET and FLT3 proteins in a substantial proportion of AML patients. Our results indicate that RET-mTORC1 signaling promotes AML through autophagy suppression, suggesting that targeting RET or, more broadly, depletion of leukemogenic drivers via autophagy induction provides a therapeutic opportunity in a relevant subset of AML patients.
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45
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Lin C, Zhang J, Lu Y, Li X, Zhang W, Zhang W, Lin W, Zheng L, Li X. NIT1 suppresses tumour proliferation by activating the TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signalling pathway in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:263. [PMID: 29449642 PMCID: PMC5833788 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NIT1 protein has been reported to be a potential tumour suppressor in tumour progression. However, little is known about the specific role of NIT1 in tumour development and progression. In this study, we confirmed the specific effects of NIT1 in the regulation of colorectal carcinoma cell proliferation. Here, we showed that NIT1 was significantly downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. The decreased expression of NIT1 was significantly correlated with poor differentiation and more serosal invasion. Functional experiments showed that NIT1 inhibited CRC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. NIT1 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, NIT1 recruited Smad2/3 to the TGFβ receptor and activated the TGFβ–Smad2/3 pathway by interacting with SARA and SMAD2/3 in CRC. Further study has shown that SMAD3 directly binds to the promoter regions of NIT1 and enhances the transcription of NIT1. Together, our findings indicate that NIT1 suppresses CRC proliferation through a positive feedback loop between NIT1 and activation of the TGFβ–Smad signalling pathway. This study might provide a new promising strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenong Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Fielder GC, Yang TWS, Razdan M, Li Y, Lu J, Perry JK, Lobie PE, Liu DX. The GDNF Family: A Role in Cancer? Neoplasia 2018; 20:99-117. [PMID: 29245123 PMCID: PMC5730419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands (GFLs) comprising of GDNF, neurturin, artemin, and persephin plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the central and peripheral nervous system, renal morphogenesis, and spermatogenesis. Here we review our current understanding of GFL biology, and supported by recent progress in the area, we examine their emerging role in endocrine-related and other non-hormone-dependent solid neoplasms. The ability of GFLs to elicit actions that resemble those perturbed in an oncogenic phenotype, alongside mounting evidence of GFL involvement in tumor progression, presents novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahalakshmi Razdan
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yan Li
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Lu
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xu Liu
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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47
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Xie XJ, Liu P, Cai CD, Zhuang YR, Zhang L, Zhuang HW. The Generation and Validation of a 20-Genes Model Influencing the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3675-3685. [PMID: 28370286 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor with high incidence affecting the digestive system. This study aimed to identify the key genes relating to prognosis of colorectal cancer and to construct a prognostic model for its risk evaluation. Gene expression profiling of colorectal cancer patients, GSE17537, was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). A total of 55 samples from patients ranging from stages 1 to 4 were available. Differentially expressed genes were screened, with which single factor survival analysis was performed to identify the response genes. Interacting network and KEGG enrichment analysis of responsive genes were performed to identify key genes. In return, Fisher enrichment analysis, literature mining, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to verify the effectiveness of the prognostic model. The 20-gene model generated in this study posed significant influences on the prognoses (P = 9.691065e-09). Significance was verified via independent dataset GSE38832 (P = 9.86581e-07) and GSE17536 (P = 2.741e-08). The verified effective 20-gene model could be utilized to predict prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer and would contribute to post-operational treatment and follow-up strategies. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3675-3685, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chu-Dong Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Ying-Ru Zhuang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shantou Hospital of TCM, Shantou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Wen Zhuang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
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Peterson TA, Gauran IIM, Park J, Park D, Kann MG. Oncodomains: A protein domain-centric framework for analyzing rare variants in tumor samples. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005428. [PMID: 28426665 PMCID: PMC5398485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fight against cancer is hindered by its highly heterogeneous nature. Genome-wide sequencing studies have shown that individual malignancies contain many mutations that range from those commonly found in tumor genomes to rare somatic variants present only in a small fraction of lesions. Such rare somatic variants dominate the landscape of genomic mutations in cancer, yet efforts to correlate somatic mutations found in one or few individuals with functional roles have been largely unsuccessful. Traditional methods for identifying somatic variants that drive cancer are 'gene-centric' in that they consider only somatic variants within a particular gene and make no comparison to other similar genes in the same family that may play a similar role in cancer. In this work, we present oncodomain hotspots, a new 'domain-centric' method for identifying clusters of somatic mutations across entire gene families using protein domain models. Our analysis confirms that our approach creates a framework for leveraging structural and functional information encapsulated by protein domains into the analysis of somatic variants in cancer, enabling the assessment of even rare somatic variants by comparison to similar genes. Our results reveal a vast landscape of somatic variants that act at the level of domain families altering pathways known to be involved with cancer such as protein phosphorylation, signaling, gene regulation, and cell metabolism. Due to oncodomain hotspots' unique ability to assess rare variants, we expect our method to become an important tool for the analysis of sequenced tumor genomes, complementing existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- University of California, San Francisco, Institute for Computational Health Science, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Iris Ivy M. Gauran
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Junyong Park
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - DoHwan Park
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maricel G. Kann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Hyper-Methylated Loci Persisting from Sessile Serrated Polyps to Serrated Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030535. [PMID: 28257124 PMCID: PMC5372551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although serrated polyps were historically considered to pose little risk, it is now understood that progression down the serrated pathway could account for as many as 15%-35% of colorectal cancers. The sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) is the most prevalent pre-invasive serrated lesion. Our objective was to identify the CpG loci that are persistently hyper-methylated during serrated carcinogenesis, from the early SSA/P lesion through the later cancer phases of neoplasia development. We queried the loci hyper-methylated in serrated cancers within our rightsided SSA/Ps from the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry, using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 k panel to comprehensively assess the DNA methylation status. We identified CpG loci and regions consistently hyper-methylated throughout the serrated carcinogenesis spectrum, in both our SSA/P specimens and in serrated cancers. Hyper-methylated CpG loci included the known the tumor suppressor gene RET (p = 5.72 x 10-10), as well as loci in differentially methylated regions for GSG1L, MIR4493, NTNG1, MCIDAS, ZNF568, and RERG. The hyper-methylated loci that we identified help characterize the biology of SSA/P development, and could be useful as therapeutic targets, or for future identification of patients who may benefit from shorter surveillance intervals.
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50
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Liu Y, Uzair-Ur-Rehman, Guo Y, Liang H, Cheng R, Yang F, Hong Y, Zhao C, Liu M, Yu M, Zhou X, Yin K, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhang CY, Zhi F, Chen X. miR-181b functions as an oncomiR in colorectal cancer by targeting PDCD4. Protein Cell 2016; 7:722-734. [PMID: 27647131 PMCID: PMC5055492 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a RNA-binding protein that acts as a tumor suppressor in many cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). During CRC carcinogenesis, PDCD4 protein levels remarkably decrease, but the underlying molecular mechanism for decreased PDCD4 expression is not fully understood. In this study, we performed bioinformatics analysis to identify miRNAs that potentially target PDCD4. We demonstrated miR-181b as a direct regulator of PDCD4. We further showed that activation of IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway increased miR-181b expression and consequently resulted in downregulation of PDCD4 in CRC cells. In addition, we investigated the biological effects of PDCD4 inhibition by miR-181b both in vitro and in vivo and found that miR-181b could promote cell proliferation and migration and suppress apoptosis in CRC cells and accelerate tumor growth in xenograft mice, potentially through targeting PDCD4. Taken together, this study highlights an oncomiR role for miR-181b in regulating PDCD4 in CRC and suggests that miR-181b may be a novel molecular therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Uzair-Ur-Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Rongjie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yeting Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Chihao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Mengchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Feng Zhi
- Modern Medical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, 213003, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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