1
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Ford HR, Bionaz M. The Experimental and In Silico-Based Evaluation of NRF2 Modulators, Sulforaphane and Brusatol, on the Transcriptome of Immortalized Bovine Mammary Alveolar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4264. [PMID: 38673850 PMCID: PMC11049820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes during the production cycle of dairy cattle can leave these animals susceptible to oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant health. In particular, the periparturient period, when dairy cows must rapidly adapt to the sudden metabolic demands of lactation, is a period when the production of damaging free radicals can overwhelm the natural antioxidant systems, potentially leading to tissue damage and reduced milk production. Central to the protection against free radical damage and antioxidant defense is the transcription factor NRF2, which activates an array of genes associated with antioxidant functions and cell survival. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that two natural NRF2 modulators, the NRF2 agonist sulforaphane (SFN) and the antagonist brusatol (BRU), have on the transcriptome of immortalized bovine mammary alveolar cells (MACT) using both the RT-qPCR of putative NRF2 target genes, as well as RNA sequencing approaches. The treatment of cells with SFN resulted in the activation of many putative NRF2 target genes and the upregulation of genes associated with pathways involved in cell survival, metabolism, and antioxidant function while suppressing the expression of genes related to cellular senescence and DNA repair. In contrast, the treatment of cells with BRU resulted in the upregulation of genes associated with inflammation, cellular stress, and apoptosis while suppressing the transcription of genes involved in various metabolic processes. The analysis also revealed several novel putative NRF2 target genes in bovine. In conclusion, these data indicate that the treatment of cells with SFN and BRU may be effective at modulating the NRF2 transcriptional network, but additional effects associated with cellular stress and metabolism may complicate the effectiveness of these compounds to improve antioxidant health in dairy cattle via nutrigenomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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2
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Lusby R, Zhang Z, Mahesh A, Tiwari VK. Decoding gene regulatory circuitry underlying TNBC chemoresistance reveals biomarkers for therapy response and therapeutic targets. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:64. [PMID: 38472332 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype characterised by extensive intratumoral heterogeneity, high rates of metastasis and chemoresistance, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Despite progress, the mechanistic basis of chemotherapy resistance in TNBC patients remains poorly understood. Here, leveraging single-cell transcriptome datasets of matched longitudinal TNBC chemoresponsive and chemoresistant patient cohorts, we unravel distinct cell subpopulations intricately associated with chemoresistance and the signature genes defining these populations. Notably, using genome-wide mapping of the H3K27ac mark, we show that the expression of these chemoresistance genes is driven via a set of TNBC super-enhancers and associated transcription factor networks across TNBC subtypes. Furthermore, genetic screens reveal that a subset of these transcription factors is essential for the survival of TNBC cells, and their loss increases sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Overall, our study has revealed epigenetic and transcription factor networks underlying chemoresistance and suggests novel avenues to stratify and improve the treatment of patients with a high risk of developing resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lusby
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), Odense M, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
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3
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Zefrei FJ, Shormij M, Dastranj L, Alvandi M, Shaghaghi Z, Farzipour S, Zarei-Polgardani N. Ferroptosis Inducers as Promising Radiosensitizer Agents in Cancer Radiotherapy. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:14-29. [PMID: 37974441 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710262369231110065230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) failure has historically been mostly attributed to radioresistance. Ferroptosis is a type of controlled cell death that depends on iron and is caused by polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidative damage. Utilizing a ferroptosis inducer may be a successful tactic for preventing tumor growth and radiotherapy-induced cell death. A regulated form of cell death known as ferroptosis is caused by the peroxidation of phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids in an iron-dependent manner (PUFA-PLs). The ferroptosis pathway has a number of important regulators. By regulating the formation of PUFA-PLs, the important lipid metabolism enzyme ACSL4 promotes ferroptosis, whereas SLC7A11 and (glutathione peroxidase 4) GPX4 prevent ferroptosis. In addition to introducing the ferroptosis inducer chemicals that have recently been demonstrated to have a radiosensitizer effect, this review highlights the function and methods by which ferroptosis contributes to RT-induced cell death and tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh-Jalali Zefrei
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammd Shormij
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences-Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dastranj
- Department of Physics, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nasim Zarei-Polgardani
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Jin C, Luo Y, Liang Z, Li X, Kołat D, Zhao L, Xiong W. Crucial role of the transcription factors family activator protein 2 in cancer: current clue and views. J Transl Med 2023; 21:371. [PMID: 37291585 PMCID: PMC10249218 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor family activator protein 2 (TFAP2) is vital for regulating both embryonic and oncogenic development. The TFAP2 family consists of five DNA-binding proteins, including TFAP2A, TFAP2B, TFAP2C, TFAP2D and TFAP2E. The importance of TFAP2 in tumor biology is becoming more widely recognized. While TFAP2D is not well studied, here, we mainly focus on the other four TFAP2 members. As a transcription factor, TFAP2 regulates the downstream targets directly by binding to their regulatory region. In addition, the regulation of downstream targets by epigenetic modification, posttranslational regulation, and interaction with noncoding RNA have also been identified. According to the pathways in which the downstream targets are involved in, the regulatory effects of TFAP2 on tumorigenesis are generally summarized as follows: stemness and EMT, interaction between TFAP2 and tumor microenvironment, cell cycle and DNA damage repair, ER- and ERBB2-related signaling pathway, ferroptosis and therapeutic response. Moreover, the factors that affect TFAP2 expression in oncogenesis are also summarized. Here, we review and discuss the most recent studies on TFAP2 and its effects on carcinogenesis and regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxiao Luo
- University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhu Liang
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Oxford, UK
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Linyong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weixi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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5
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Chu Y, Yao Y, Hu Q, Song Q. Riskscore Model Based on Oxidative Stress-Related Genes May Facilitate the Prognosis Evaluation for Patients With Colon Cancer. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2023; 14:e00582. [PMID: 36927989 PMCID: PMC10299772 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to identify the oxidative stress-related genes (OSRGs) with prognostic value and develop a riskscore model for prognosis evaluation in colon cancer. METHODS The transcriptome data and corresponding clinical information about colon cancer were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differentially expressed OSRGs and transcription factors (TFs) were identified between the normal and tumor samples. A riskscore model was established with OSRGs filtered from Cox regression analysis. This riskscore model was appraised by Kaplan-Meier plot, receiver operating characteristic curve, and Cox regression analysis. The clinical relevance of riskscore and its association with immune cell infiltration were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 307 differentially expressed OSRGs and 64 differential TFs were identified. A TF-OSRG regulatory network was constructed in Cytoscape software. A riskscore model was established based on 17 OSRGs with independent prognostic value. This riskscore model could separate the patients into low-risk and high-risk groups. It also had good predictive ability, with an area under the curve = 0.8. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age, T stage, and riskscore were identified as independent risk factors in colon cancer. Riskscore was significantly correlated with T stage, N stage, and immune cell infiltration. DISCUSSION We established a useful riskscore model with 17 OSRGs for prognosticating the overall survival in patients with colon cancer. This study provides a new insight into the clinical utility of OSRG-based riskscore model, which will hopefully facilitate the prognosis evaluation of patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinyong Hu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Ponzetti M, Rucci N, Falone S. RNA methylation and cellular response to oxidative stress-promoting anticancer agents. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:870-905. [PMID: 36648057 PMCID: PMC10054233 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2165632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the complex network that regulates redox homeostasis often underlies resistant phenotypes, which hinder effective and long-lasting cancer eradication. In addition, the RNA methylome-dependent control of gene expression also critically affects traits of cellular resistance to anti-cancer agents. However, few investigations aimed at establishing whether the epitranscriptome-directed adaptations underlying acquired and/or innate resistance traits in cancer could be implemented through the involvement of redox-dependent or -responsive signaling pathways. This is unexpected mainly because: i) the effectiveness of many anti-cancer approaches relies on their capacity to promote oxidative stress (OS); ii) altered redox milieu and reprogramming of mitochondrial function have been acknowledged as critical mediators of the RNA methylome-mediated response to OS. Here we summarize the current state of understanding on this topic, as well as we offer new perspectives that might lead to original approaches and strategies to delay or prevent the problem of refractory cancer and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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7
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Zhang Y, Mostafa AAA, Sriboonvorakul N, Hu J. Roles of activator protein-2 gamma in breast cancer: A narrative review (SANRA). Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30587. [PMID: 36197225 PMCID: PMC9509159 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator protein-2 gamma (AP-2γ) is a crucial transcription factor involved in breast cancer development. Abnormal expression and activity of AP-2γ have also been identified as important markers of malignancy. In the last decade, the importance of AP-2γ in breast cancer progression has been widely studied. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulatory roles of AP-2γ in breast cancer oncogenesis and progression and its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and drug target in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Asal AA Mostafa
- Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Natthida Sriboonvorakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- *Correspondence: Jiamiao Hu, Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (e-mail: )
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8
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Fang F, Yuan Q. Anlotinib inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion, and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by downregulating TFAP2C. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:46. [PMID: 34976158 PMCID: PMC8674883 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) network contributes to breast cancer pathogenesis and progression. Anlotinib is a highly potent multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been previously shown to exert antitumor effects in various types of cancer. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of Anlotinib against breast cancer cells in vitro and uncover the possible underlying mechanisms. The human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was treated with different concentrations of Anlotinib, before cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were assessed using colony formation, wound healing, Transwell and TUNEL staining assays. In addition, the expression of transcription factor AP-2γ (TFAP2C) following Anlotinib stimulation was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. TFAP2C was overexpressed in MCF-7 using transfection with a pcDNA3.1 vector, before the aforementioned experiments were repeated. The results revealed that Anlotinib impaired cell viability and colony formation, reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67, MMP2, MMP9 and Bcl-2 expression levels, and inhibited cell migration and invasion. By contrast, the expression levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, the frequency of apoptotic cells, the expression of Bax and the cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the expression of TFAP2C decreased after Anlotinib treatment. However, TFAP2C overexpression partially blocked the effects of Anlotinib on the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. To conclude, Anlotinib suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, whilst inducing apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, which may be partially dependent on the inhibition of TFAP2C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Fang
- Operating Room, Deqing County People's Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
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9
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Abante J, Kambhampati S, Feinberg AP, Goutsias J. Estimating DNA methylation potential energy landscapes from nanopore sequencing data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21619. [PMID: 34732768 PMCID: PMC8566571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput third-generation nanopore sequencing devices have enormous potential for simultaneously observing epigenetic modifications in human cells over large regions of the genome. However, signals generated by these devices are subject to considerable noise that can lead to unsatisfactory detection performance and hamper downstream analysis. Here we develop a statistical method, CpelNano, for the quantification and analysis of 5mC methylation landscapes using nanopore data. CpelNano takes into account nanopore noise by means of a hidden Markov model (HMM) in which the true but unknown (“hidden”) methylation state is modeled through an Ising probability distribution that is consistent with methylation means and pairwise correlations, whereas nanopore current signals constitute the observed state. It then estimates the associated methylation potential energy function by employing the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and performs differential methylation analysis via permutation-based hypothesis testing. Using simulations and analysis of published data obtained from three human cell lines (GM12878, MCF-10A, and MDA-MB-231), we show that CpelNano can faithfully estimate DNA methylation potential energy landscapes, substantially improving current methods and leading to a powerful tool for the modeling and analysis of epigenetic landscapes using nanopore sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Abante
- Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Sandeep Kambhampati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew P Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - John Goutsias
- Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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10
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Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Sunjic SB, Zarkovic N. The NRF2, Thioredoxin, and Glutathione System in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1151. [PMID: 33228209 PMCID: PMC7699519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains an elusive, highly complex disease and a global burden. Constant change by acquired mutations and metabolic reprogramming contribute to the high inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of malignant cells, their selective growth advantage, and their resistance to anticancer therapies. In the modern era of integrative biomedicine, realizing that a personalized approach could benefit therapy treatments and patients' prognosis, we should focus on cancer-driving advantageous modifications. Namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to act as regulators of cellular metabolism and growth, exhibit both negative and positive activities, as do antioxidants with potential anticancer effects. Such complexity of oxidative homeostasis is sometimes overseen in the case of studies evaluating the effects of potential anticancer antioxidants. While cancer cells often produce more ROS due to their increased growth-favoring demands, numerous conventional anticancer therapies exploit this feature to ensure selective cancer cell death triggered by excessive ROS levels, also causing serious side effects. The activation of the cellular NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2) pathway and induction of cytoprotective genes accompanies an increase in ROS levels. A plethora of specific targets, including those involved in thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are activated by NRF2. In this paper, we briefly review preclinical research findings on the interrelated roles of the NRF2 pathway and TRX and GSH systems, with focus given to clinical findings and their relevance in carcinogenesis and anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (L.M.); (S.B.S.)
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11
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Abstract
Significance: The selenium-containing Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs)1-4 protect against oxidative challenge, inhibit inflammation and oxidant-induced regulated cell death. Recent Advances: GPx1 and GPx4 dampen phosphorylation cascades predominantly via prevention of inactivation of phosphatases by H2O2 or lipid hydroperoxides. GPx2 regulates the balance between regeneration and apoptotic cell shedding in the intestine. It inhibits inflammation-induced carcinogenesis in the gut but promotes growth of established cancers. GPx3 deficiency facilitates platelet aggregation likely via disinhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis. It is also considered a tumor suppressor. GPx4 is expressed in three different forms. The cytosolic form proved to inhibit interleukin-1-driven nuclear factor κB activation and leukotriene biosynthesis. Moreover, it is a key regulator of ferroptosis, because it reduces hydroperoxy groups of complex lipids and silences lipoxygenases. By alternate substrate use, the nuclear form contributes to chromatin compaction. Mitochondrial GPx4 forms the mitochondrial sheath of spermatozoa and, thus, guarantees male fertility. Out of the less characterized GPxs, the cysteine-containing GPx7 and GPx8 are unique in contributing to oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum by reacting with protein isomerase as an alternate substrate. A yeast 2-Cysteine glutathione peroxidase equipped with CP and CR was reported to sense H2O2 for inducing an adaptive response. Critical Issues: Most of the findings compiled are derived from tissue culture and/or animal studies only. Their impact on human physiology is sometimes questionable. Future Directions: The expression of individual GPxs and GPx-dependent regulatory phenomena are to be further investigated, in particular in respect to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- Department of Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition-Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Leopold Flohé
- Depatamento de Biochímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Dipartimento di Medicina Moleculare, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Zhang ML, Wu HT, Chen WJ, Xu Y, Ye QQ, Shen JX, Liu J. Involvement of glutathione peroxidases in the occurrence and development of breast cancers. J Transl Med 2020; 18:247. [PMID: 32571353 PMCID: PMC7309991 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) belong to a family of enzymes that is important in organisms; these enzymes promote hydrogen peroxide metabolism and protect cell membrane structure and function from oxidative damage. Based on the establishment and development of the theory of the pathological roles of free radicals, the role of GPxs has gradually attracted researchers' attention, and the involvement of GPxs in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors has been shown. On the other hand, the incidence of breast cancer in increasing, and breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related death in females worldwide; breast cancer is thought to be related to the increased production of reactive oxygen species, indicating the involvement of GPxs in these processes. Therefore, this article focused on the molecular mechanism and function of GPxs in the occurrence and development of breast cancer to understand their role in breast cancer and to provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Li Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ye
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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13
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Transcription factors in ferroptotic cell death. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:645-656. [PMID: 32123318 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, is characterized by an excessive degree of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Although it was originally identified only in cells expressing a mutant RAS oncogene, ferroptosis has also been found in normal cells following treatment by small molecules (e.g., erastin and RSL3) or drugs (e.g., sulfasalazine, sorafenib, and artesunate), which target antioxidant enzyme systems, especially the amino acid antiporter system xc- and the glutathione peroxidase GPX4. Dysfunctional ferroptosis is implicated in various physiological and pathological processes (e.g., metabolism, differentiation, and immunity). Targeting the ferroptotic network appears to a new treatment option for diseases or pathological conditions (e.g., cancer, neurodegeneration, and ischemia reperfusion injury). While the molecular machinery of ferroptosis remains largely unknown, several transcription factors (e.g., TP53, NFE2L2/NRF2, ATF3, ATF4, YAP1, TAZ, TFAP2C, SP1, HIF1A, EPAS1/HIF2A, BACH1, TFEB, JUN, HIC1, and HNF4A) play multiple roles in shaping ferroptosis sensitivity through either transcription-dependent or transcription-independent mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the transcriptional regulation underlying ferroptotic cell death, and discuss how it has provided new insights into cancer therapy.
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14
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Liu Q, Borcherding NC, Shao P, Maina PK, Zhang W, Qi HH. Contribution of synergism between PHF8 and HER2 signalling to breast cancer development and drug resistance. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102612. [PMID: 31923801 PMCID: PMC7000350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2 plays a critical role in tumourigenesis and is associated with poor prognosis of patients with HER2-positive breast cancers. Although anti-HER2 drugs are beneficial for treating breast cancer, de novo, or acquired resistance often develops. Epigenetic factors are increasingly targeted for therapy; however, such mechanisms that interact with HER2 signalling are poorly understood. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to identify PHF8 targets downstream of HER2 signalling. CHIP-qPCR were used to investigate how PHF8 regulates HER2 transcription. ELISA determined cytokine secretion. Cell-based assay revealed a feed forward loop in HER2 signalling and then evaluated in vivo. FINDINGS We report the synergistic interplay between histone demethylase PHF8 and HER2 signalling. Specifically, PHF8 levels were elevated in HER2-positive breast cancers and upregulated by HER2. PHF8 functioned as a coactivator that regulated the expression of HER2, markers of the HER2-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cytokines. The HER2-PHF8-IL-6 regulatory axis was active in cell lines and in newly established MMTV-Her2/MMTV-Cre/Phf8fl°x/fl°x mouse models, which revealed the oncogenic function of Phf8 in breast cancer for the first time. Further, the PHF8-IL-6 axis contributed to the resistance to trastuzumab in vitro and may play a critical role in the infiltration of T cells in HER2-driven breast cancers. INTERPRETATION These findings provided informative mechanistic insight into the potential application of PHF8 inhibitors to overcome resistance to anti-HER2 therapies. FUNDING This work was supported by Carver Trust Young Investigator Award (01-224 to H.H.Q); and a Breast Cancer Research Award (to H.H.Q.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nicholas C Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Peterson K Maina
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Hank H Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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15
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Picou F, Vignon C, Debeissat C, Lachot S, Kosmider O, Gallay N, Foucault A, Estienne MH, Ravalet N, Bene MC, Domenech J, Gyan E, Fontenay M, Herault O. Bone marrow oxidative stress and specific antioxidant signatures in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood Adv 2019; 3:4271-4279. [PMID: 31869414 PMCID: PMC6929385 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal stem cell disorders with an inherent tendency for transformation in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. This study focused on the redox metabolism of bone marrow (BM) cells from 97 patients compared with 25 healthy controls. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified by flow cytometry in BM cell subsets as well as the expression level of 28 transcripts encoding for major enzymes involved in the antioxidant cellular response. Our results highlight increased ROS levels in BM nonlymphoid cells and especially in primitive CD34posCD38low progenitor cells. Moreover, we identified a specific antioxidant signature, dubbed "antioxidogram," for the different MDS subgroups or secondary acute myeloblastic leukemia (sAML). Our results suggest that progression from MDS toward sAML could be characterized by 3 successive molecular steps: (1) overexpression of enzymes reducing proteic disulfide bonds (MDS with <5% BM blasts [GLRX family]); (2) increased expression of enzymes detoxifying H2O2 (MDS with 5% to 19% BM blasts [PRDX and GPX families]); and finally (3) decreased expression of these enzymes in sAML. The antioxidant score (AO-Score) defined by logistic regression from the expression levels of transcripts made it possible to stage disease progression and, interestingly, this AO-Score was independent of the revised International Scoring System. Altogether, this study demonstrates that MDS and sAML present an important disturbance of redox metabolism, especially in BM stem and progenitor cells and that the specific molecular antioxidant response parameters (antioxidogram, AO-Score) could be considered as useful biomarkers for disease diagnosis and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Picou
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 7001, LNOX "Leukemic Niche and Redox Metabolism," Tours, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 7501, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christine Vignon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 7001, LNOX "Leukemic Niche and Redox Metabolism," Tours, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 7501, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christelle Debeissat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 7001, LNOX "Leukemic Niche and Redox Metabolism," Tours, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 7501, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Lachot
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Kosmider
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Gallay
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 7001, LNOX "Leukemic Niche and Redox Metabolism," Tours, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 7501, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Amelie Foucault
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 7001, LNOX "Leukemic Niche and Redox Metabolism," Tours, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 7501, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Estienne
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Noémie Ravalet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 7001, LNOX "Leukemic Niche and Redox Metabolism," Tours, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 7501, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marie C Bene
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jorge Domenech
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 7001, LNOX "Leukemic Niche and Redox Metabolism," Tours, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 7501, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel Gyan
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 7001, LNOX "Leukemic Niche and Redox Metabolism," Tours, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 7501, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; and
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Herault
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 7001, LNOX "Leukemic Niche and Redox Metabolism," Tours, France
- Equipe d'Accueil 7501, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
- CNRS Groupement de Recherche 3697, "Microenvironment of Tumor Niches," Tours, France
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16
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Lee E, Choi A, Jun Y, Kim N, Yook JI, Kim SY, Lee S, Kang SW. Glutathione peroxidase-1 regulates adhesion and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells via FAK signaling. Redox Biol 2019; 29:101391. [PMID: 31926619 PMCID: PMC6906704 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which do not express genes for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2/neu, develop highly aggressive and metastatic tumors resistant to chemo- and hormonal therapies. We found that expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1) is silenced in the non-TNBC cells but significantly maintained in the TNBC cell lines. Such Gpx1 expression plays a vital role in the metastasis of TNBC cells by regulating cell adhesion. Transcriptomic and signaling pathway analyses demonstrate that depletion of Gpx1 essentially impairs cell adhesion/spreading by down-regulating FAK/c-Src activation. Mechanistically, Gpx1 interacts with FAK kinase and prevents the kinase inactivation by H2O2, not lipid hydroperoxide. As a result, depletion of Gpx1 suppresses lung metastasis of TNBC cells in vivo. Overall, our study identifies that Gpx1 is a redox safeguard of FAK kinase and its inhibition may provide an effective way to control the metastasis of deadly malignant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Ahyoung Choi
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea,Bio-Information Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Yukyung Jun
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea,Bio-Information Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Soo Youl Kim
- Division of Basic Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, Goyang, 10408, South Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea,Bio-Information Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Life Science and Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Science and Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea,Corresponding author.
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TFAP2C regulates carbonic anhydrase XII in human breast cancer. Oncogene 2019; 39:1290-1301. [PMID: 31636386 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The expression of carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12) is associated with the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in breast cancer and is linked to a good prognosis with a lower risk of metastasis. Transcription Factor Activator Protein 2γ (TFAP2C, AP-2γ) governs luminal breast cancer phenotype through direct and indirect regulation of ERα and ERα-associated genes, GATA3, FOXA1, EGFR, CDH1, DSP, KRT7, FBP1, MYB, RET, KRT8, MUC1, and ERBB2-genes which are responsible for the luminal signature in breast cancer. Herein, utilizing chromatin immunoprecipitation and direct sequencing (ChIP-seq), we show that CA12 is regulated by AP-2γ through binding with its promoter region in luminal breast cancer cell lines and indirectly through a distal estrogen-responsive region in ERα-positive cell lines by upregulation of ERα. CA12 is transcriptionally silenced in basal breast cancer cell lines through histone deacetylation and CpG methylation of the promoter region and can be re-activated with Trichostatin A (histone deacetylase inhibitor) and/or 5-aza-dC (an inhibitor of DNA methylation). Strong concordance in co-expression of CA12 and ESR1 (R2 = 0.1128, p = 0486) and TFAP2C (R2 = 0.1823, p = 0.0105) was found using a panel of primary breast tumor samples (n = 35), supporting a synergetic role of AP-2γ and ERα in activation of CA12. Our results highlight the essential role of AP-2γ in maintaining the luminal breast cancer phenotype and provide evidence that epigenetic mechanisms silence luminal gene expression in the basal phenotype. Additional studies to decipher mechanisms that drive epigenetic silencing of AP-2γ target genes are a critical area for further research.
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18
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Wu VT, Kiriazov B, Koch KE, Gu VW, Beck AC, Borcherding N, Li T, Addo P, Wehrspan ZJ, Zhang W, Braun TA, Brown BJ, Band V, Band H, Kulak MV, Weigel RJ. A TFAP2C Gene Signature Is Predictive of Outcome in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 18:46-56. [PMID: 31619506 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The AP-2γ transcription factor, encoded by the TFAP2C gene, regulates the expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and other genes associated with hormone response in luminal breast cancer. Little is known about the role of AP-2γ in other breast cancer subtypes. A subset of HER2+ breast cancers with amplification of the TFAP2C gene locus becomes addicted to AP-2γ. Herein, we sought to define AP-2γ gene targets in HER2+ breast cancer and identify genes accounting for physiologic effects of growth and invasiveness regulated by AP-2γ. Comparing HER2+ cell lines that demonstrated differential response to growth and invasiveness with knockdown of TFAP2C, we identified a set of 68 differentially expressed target genes. CDH5 and CDKN1A were among the genes differentially regulated by AP-2γ and that contributed to growth and invasiveness. Pathway analysis implicated the MAPK13/p38δ and retinoic acid regulatory nodes, which were confirmed to display divergent responses in different HER2+ cancer lines. To confirm the clinical relevance of the genes identified, the AP-2γ gene signature was found to be highly predictive of outcome in patients with HER2+ breast cancer. We conclude that AP-2γ regulates a set of genes in HER2+ breast cancer that drive cancer growth and invasiveness. The AP-2γ gene signature predicts outcome of patients with HER2+ breast cancer and pathway analysis predicts that subsets of patients will respond to drugs that target the MAPK or retinoic acid pathways. IMPLICATIONS: A set of genes regulated by AP-2γ in HER2+ breast cancer that drive proliferation and invasion were identified and provided a gene signature that is predictive of outcome in HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent T Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Boris Kiriazov
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kelsey E Koch
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vivian W Gu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Anna C Beck
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Tiandao Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Peter Addo
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Terry A Braun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bartley J Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Hamid Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Ronald J Weigel
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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19
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Selenium Drives a Transcriptional Adaptive Program to Block Ferroptosis and Treat Stroke. Cell 2019; 177:1262-1279.e25. [PMID: 31056284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death, is triggered by oxidative stress in cancer, heat stress in plants, and hemorrhagic stroke. A homeostatic transcriptional response to ferroptotic stimuli is unknown. We show that neurons respond to ferroptotic stimuli by induction of selenoproteins, including antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Pharmacological selenium (Se) augments GPX4 and other genes in this transcriptional program, the selenome, via coordinated activation of the transcription factors TFAP2c and Sp1 to protect neurons. Remarkably, a single dose of Se delivered into the brain drives antioxidant GPX4 expression, protects neurons, and improves behavior in a hemorrhagic stroke model. Altogether, we show that pharmacological Se supplementation effectively inhibits GPX4-dependent ferroptotic death as well as cell death induced by excitotoxicity or ER stress, which are GPX4 independent. Systemic administration of a brain-penetrant selenopeptide activates homeostatic transcription to inhibit cell death and improves function when delivered after hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke.
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20
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Zhang L, Zeng H, Cheng WH. Beneficial and paradoxical roles of selenium at nutritional levels of intake in healthspan and longevity. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:3-13. [PMID: 29782991 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of genome and macromolecule damage is a hallmark of aging, age-associated degeneration, and genome instability syndromes. Although processes of aging are irreversible, they can be modulated by genome maintenance pathways and environmental factors such as diet. Selenium (Se) confers its physiological functions mainly through selenoproteins, but Se compounds and other proteins that incorporate Se nonspecifically also impact optimal health. Bruce Ames proposed that the aging process could be mitigated by a subset of low-hierarchy selenoproteins whose levels are preferentially reduced in response to Se deficiency. Consistent with this notion, results from two selenotranscriptomic studies collectively implicate three low-hierarchy selenoproteins in age or senescence. Experimental evidence generally supports beneficial roles of selenoproteins in the protection against damage accumulation and redox imbalance, but some selenoproteins have also been reported to unexpectedly display harmful functions under sporadic conditions. While longevity and healthspan are usually thought to be projected in parallel, emerging evidence suggests a trade-off between longevity promotion and healthspan deterioration with damage accumulation. We propose that longevity promotion under conditions of Se deficiency may be attributed to 1) stress-response hormesis, an advantageous event of resistance to toxic chemicals at low doses; 2) reduced expression of selenoproteins with paradoxical functions to a lesser extent. In particular, selenoprotein H is an evolutionally conserved nuclear selenoprotein postulated to confer Se functions in redox regulation, genome maintenance, and senescence. This review highlights the need to pinpoint roles of specific selenoproteins and Se compounds in healthspan and lifespan for a better understanding of Se contribution at nutritional levels of intake to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Huawei Zeng
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
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21
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Meng Q, Shi S, Liang C, Liang D, Hua J, Zhang B, Xu J, Yu X. Abrogation of glutathione peroxidase-1 drives EMT and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer by activating ROS-mediated Akt/GSK3β/Snail signaling. Oncogene 2018; 37:5843-5857. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Dehghanian F, Hojati Z, Hosseinkhan N, Mousavian Z, Masoudi-Nejad A. Reconstruction of the genome-scale co-expression network for the Hippo signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Comput Biol Med 2018; 99:76-84. [PMID: 29890510 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway (HSP) has been identified as an essential and complex signaling pathway for tumor suppression that coordinates proliferation, differentiation, cell death, cell growth and stemness. In the present study, we conducted a genome-scale co-expression analysis to reconstruct the HSP in colorectal cancer (CRC). Five key modules were detected through network clustering, and a detailed discussion of two modules containing respectively 18 and 13 over and down-regulated members of HSP was provided. Our results suggest new potential regulatory factors in the HSP. The detected modules also suggest novel genes contributing to CRC. Moreover, differential expression analysis confirmed the differential expression pattern of HSP members and new suggested regulatory factors between tumor and normal samples. These findings can further reveal the importance of HSP in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Dehghanian
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, P.O. Box 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hojati
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, P.O. Box 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Hosseinkhan
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaynab Mousavian
- Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Habyarimana T, Bakri Y, Mugenzi P, Mazarati JB, Attaleb M, El Mzibri M. Association between glutathione peroxidase 1 codon 198 variant and the occurrence of breast cancer in Rwanda. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:268-275. [PMID: 29411539 PMCID: PMC5902397 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione peroxidase 1 gene (GPX1) is one of the antioxidant enzyme that remove the reactive oxygen species in a continuous process. Since the identification of a well-characterized functional polymorphism named p.Pro198Leu (rs1050450 C>T) in GPX1 gene, abundant studies have evaluated the association between p.Pro198Leu polymorphism and tumor risk in diverse population. But, the available results related to breast cancer are conflicting and absent in Africa. The present case-control study was planned to assess the presence of GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism in Rwanda population to determine whether it is associated with the risk of developing breast cancer. METHODS Genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of 41 patients with breast cancer and 42 healthy controls were enrolled and genotyped GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. RESULTS No significant difference in the frequencies of Pro/Pro (49%) and Pro/Leu (51%) genotypes in cancer cases and in controls (50% each) were found. The allelic frequencies of Pro and Leu were 74% versus 26% and 75% versus 25% in breast cancer cases and controls respectively. No association was observed in allele frequencies of Pro and Leu, and familial history. Only an overall association of GPX1 Pro198Leu with grade of cancer (Pro/Leu vs. Pro/Pro: p = .0200) was detected. CONCLUSION The result of this study suggested that GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism could not be a risk factor for breast cancer in Rwanda. However, large-scale studies on the effect of this polymorphism on the factors disturbing the redox homeostasis are needed for conclusive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Habyarimana
- Biology and Medical Research UnitCentre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN)RabatMorocco
- Biology of Human Pathologies Laboratory (BioPatH)Faculty of Science & Human Pathologies Center (GenoPatH)Mohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
- Biomedical Services DepartmentRwanda Biomedical Center (RBC‐BIOS)KigaliRwanda
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Biology of Human Pathologies Laboratory (BioPatH)Faculty of Science & Human Pathologies Center (GenoPatH)Mohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Pacifique Mugenzi
- Rwanda Military Hospital (RMH)KigaliRwanda
- King Faisal Hospital (KFH)KigaliRwanda
| | | | - Mohammed Attaleb
- Biology and Medical Research UnitCentre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN)RabatMorocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biology and Medical Research UnitCentre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN)RabatMorocco
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Identification of differentially expressed genes regulated by molecular signature in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts by bioinformatics analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 297:161-183. [PMID: 29063236 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is a severe risk to public health and has adequately convoluted pathogenesis. Therefore, the description of key molecular markers and pathways is of much importance for clarifying the molecular mechanism of breast cancer-associated fibroblasts initiation and progression. Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts gene expression dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. METHODS A total of nine samples, including three normal fibroblasts, three granulin-stimulated fibroblasts and three cancer-associated fibroblasts samples, were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal fibroblasts, granulin-stimulated fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts samples. The gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis was performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed by NetworkAnalyst software. RESULTS Totally, 190 DEGs were identified, including 66 up-regulated and 124 down-regulated genes. GO analysis results showed that up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes (BP), including cell-cell signalling and negative regulation of cell proliferation; molecular function (MF), including insulin-like growth factor II binding and insulin-like growth factor I binding; cellular component (CC), including insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex and integral component of plasma membrane; the down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in BP, including cell adhesion and extracellular matrix organization; MF, including N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity and calcium ion binding; CC, including extracellular space and extracellular matrix. WIKIPATHWAYS analysis showed the up-regulated DEGs were enriched in myometrial relaxation and contraction pathways. WIKIPATHWAYS, REACTOME, PID_NCI and KEGG pathway analysis showed the down-regulated DEGs were enriched endochondral ossification, TGF beta signalling pathway, integrin cell surface interactions, beta1 integrin cell surface interactions, malaria and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulphate. The top 5 up-regulated hub genes, CDKN2A, MME, PBX1, IGFBP3, and TFAP2C and top 5 down-regulated hub genes VCAM1, KRT18, TGM2, ACTA2, and STAMBP were identified from the PPI network, and subnetworks revealed these genes were involved in significant pathways, including myometrial relaxation and contraction pathways, integrin cell surface interactions, beta1 integrin cell surface interaction. Besides, the target hsa-mirs for DEGs were identified. hsa-mir-759, hsa-mir-4446-5p, hsa-mir-219a-1-3p and hsa-mir-26a-5p were important miRNAs in this study. CONCLUSIONS We pinpoint important key genes and pathways closely related with breast cancer-associated fibroblasts initiation and progression by a series of bioinformatics analysis on DEGs. These screened genes and pathways provided for a more detailed molecular mechanism underlying breast cancer-associated fibroblasts occurrence and progression, holding promise for acting as molecular markers and probable therapeutic targets.
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A novel HER2 gene body enhancer contributes to HER2 expression. Oncogene 2017; 37:687-694. [PMID: 29035388 PMCID: PMC5794618 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) contributes to an enhanced HER2 expression in HER2-positive breast cancers with HER2 gene amplification and HER2-low or HER2-negative breast cancers following radiotherapy or endocrine therapy, and this drives tumorigenesis and the resistance to therapy. Epigenetic mechanisms are critical for transcription regulation, however, such mechanisms in the transcription regulation of HER2 are limited to the involvement of tri-methylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and acetylated histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac) at the HER2 promoter region. Here, we report the identification of a novel enhancer in the HER2 3’ gene body, which we have termed HER2 gene body enhancer (HGE). The HGE starts from the 3’ end of intron 19 and extends into intron 22, possesses enhancer histone modification marks in specific cells and enhances the transcriptional activity of the HER2 promoters. We also found that TFAP2C, a known regulator of HER2, binds to HGE and is required for its enhancer function and that DNA methylation in the HGE region inhibits the histone modifications characterizing enhancer and is inversely correlated with HER2 expression in breast cancer samples. The identification of this novel enhancer sheds a light on the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in HER2 transcription, in both HER2-positive breast cancer samples and individuals with HER2-low or HER2-negative breast cancers undergoing radiotherapy or endocrine therapy.
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Abstract
Chemopreventive activity of selenium (Se) may influence epigenome. In this review, we have discussed two aspects of Se and epigenetics in cancer, related to (1) the association between Se and epigenetic regulation in cancer development and prevention; (2) epigenetic modification of selenoprotein-encoding genes in different cancers. In both issues, we focused on DNA methylation as the most investigated epigenetic mechanism. The existing evidence from experimental data in human cancer cell lines, rodents, and human studies in cancer-free subjects indicates that: high Se exposure leads to the inhibition of DNA methyltransferase expression/activity; the association between Se and global methylation remains unclear and requires further investigation with respect to the underlying mechanisms and possible nonlinear character of this relationship; Se affects methylation of specific tumor suppressor genes, possibly in a sex-dependent manner; and cancer phenotype is often characterized by altered methylation of selenoprotein-encoding genes, mainly glutathione peroxidase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jabłońska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
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Jankowitz RC, Oesterreich S, Lee AV, Davidson NE. New Strategies in Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Searching for Biomarkers to Tailor Endocrine and Other Targeted Therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1126-1131. [PMID: 27979914 PMCID: PMC5350010 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although major advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer have led to new therapies that have substantially improved patient outcomes, endocrine-resistant disease still remains a leading cause of breast cancer mortality. Comprehensive molecular profiling of breast cancers has highlighted tremendous tumor heterogeneity, and analysis of paired primary and metastatic tumors has shown the evolution that can occur during acquired resistance to systemic therapies. Novel techniques for monitoring tumor load under treatment pressure, including "liquid biopsy" techniques, such as circulating free tumor DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells, have shown promise as biomarkers to direct treatment without invasive tumor biopsies. However, more research is needed to deepen our understanding of breast cancer alterations under treatment pressure to reveal mechanisms of drug resistance and apply precision medicine in biomarker-driven clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1126-31. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Jankowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
- Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Pronina IV, Klimov EA, Burdennyy AM, Beresneva EV, Fridman MV, Ermilova VD, Kazubskaya TP, Karpukhin AV, Braga EA, Loginov VI. Methylation of the genes for the microRNAs miR-129-2 and miR-9-1, changes in their expression, and activation of their potential target genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fontelles CC, Ong TP. Selenium and Breast Cancer Risk: Focus on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Adv Cancer Res 2017; 136:173-192. [PMID: 29054418 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient with promising breast cancer prevention and treatment potential. There is extensive preclinical evidence of Se mammary carcinogenesis inhibition. Evidence from epidemiological studies is, however, unclear and intervention studies are rare. Here, we examine Se chemoprotection, chemoprevention, and chemotherapy effects in breast cancer, focusing on associated cellular and molecular mechanisms. Se exerts its protective actions through multiple mechanisms that involve antioxidant activities, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of DNA damage, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion. New aspects of Se actions in breast cancer have emerged such as the impact of genetic polymorphisms on Se metabolism and response, new functions of selenoproteins, epigenetic modulation of gene expression, and long-term influence of early-life exposure on disease risk. Opportunity exists to design interventional studies with Se for breast cancer prevention and treatment taking into consideration these key aspects.
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Geraghty P, Baumlin N, Salathe MA, Foronjy RF, D'Armiento JM. Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Suppresses the Unfolded Protein Response upon Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9461289. [PMID: 28070146 PMCID: PMC5187475 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9461289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress provokes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) subjects. The antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), counters oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke exposure. Here, we investigate whether GPx-1 expression deters the UPR following exposure to cigarette smoke. Expression of ER stress markers was investigated in fully differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells isolated from nonsmoking, smoking, and COPD donors and redifferentiated at the air liquid interface. NHBE cells from COPD donors expressed heightened ATF4, XBP1, GRP78, GRP94, EDEM1, and CHOP compared to cells from nonsmoking donors. These changes coincided with reduced GPx-1 expression. Reintroduction of GPx-1 into NHBE cells isolated from COPD donors reduced the UPR. To determine whether the loss of GPx-1 expression has a direct impact on these ER stress markers during smoke exposure, Gpx-1-/- mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 year. Loss of Gpx-1 expression enhanced cigarette smoke-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Equally, induction of ER stress with tunicamycin enhanced antioxidant expression in mouse precision-cut lung slices. Smoke inhalation also exacerbated the UPR response during respiratory syncytial virus infection. Therefore, ER stress may be an antioxidant-related pathophysiological event in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nathalie Baumlin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthias A. Salathe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert F. Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jeanine M. D'Armiento
- Center for Pulmonary Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Nguyen A, Duquette N, Mamarbachi M, Thorin E. Epigenetic Regulatory Effect of Exercise on Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Expression in the Skeletal Muscle of Severely Dyslipidemic Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151526. [PMID: 27010651 PMCID: PMC4806847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective approach for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and loss of muscular mass and function. Its benefits are widely documented but incompletely characterized. It has been reported that exercise can induce changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes including Sod2, Trx1, Prdx3 and Gpx1 and limits the rise in oxidative stress commonly associated with CVD. These enzymes can be subjected to epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, in response to environmental cues. The aim of our study was to determine whether in the early stages of atherogenesis, in young severely dyslipidemic mice lacking LDL receptors and overexpressing human ApoB100 (LDLR-/-; hApoB+/+), exercise regulates differentially the expression of antioxidant enzymes by DNA methylation in the skeletal muscles that consume high levels of oxygen and thus generate high levels of reactive oxygen species. Expression of Sod2, Txr1, Prdx3 and Gpx1 was altered by 3 months of exercise and/or severe dyslipidemia in 6-mo dyslipidemic mice. Of these genes, only Gpx1 exhibited changes in DNA methylation associated with dyslipidemia and exercise: we observed both increased DNA methylation with dyslipidemia and a transient decrease in DNA methylation with exercise. These epigenetic alterations are found in the second exon of the Gpx1 gene and occur alongside with inverse changes in mRNA expression. Inhibition of expression by methylation of this specific locus was confirmed in vitro. In conclusion, Gpx1 expression in the mouse skeletal muscle can be altered by both exercise and dyslipidemia through changes in DNA methylation, leading to a fine regulation of free radical metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natacha Duquette
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maya Mamarbachi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Rentsendorj O, Zhang X, Williams MC, Buehler PW, D’Agnillo F. Transcriptional Suppression of Renal Antioxidant Enzyme Systems in Guinea Pigs Exposed to Polymerized Cell-Free Hemoglobin. TOXICS 2016; 4. [PMID: 27471729 PMCID: PMC4961095 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are being developed as oxygen and plasma volume-expanding therapeutics though their potential to promote oxidative tissue injury has raised safety concerns. Using a guinea pig exchange transfusion model, we examined the effects of polymerized bovine hemoglobin (HbG) on the transcriptional regulation, activity, and expression of the renal antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). HbG infusion downregulated the mRNA levels for genes encoding SOD isoforms 1-3, GPx1, GPx3, GPx4, and CAT. This transcriptional suppression correlated with decreased enzymatic activities for SOD, CAT, and GPx. Immunostaining revealed decreased protein expression of SOD1, CAT, and GPx1 primarily in renal cortical tubules. DNA methylation analyses identified CpG hypermethylation in the gene promoters for SOD1-3, GPx1, GPx3, and GPx4, suggesting an epigenetic-based mechanism underlying the observed gene repression. HbG also induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increased renal lipid peroxidation end-products and 4-HNE immunostaining, which could be the result of the depleted antioxidant defenses and/or serve as a trigger for increased DNA methylation. Together, these findings provide evidence that the renal exposure to HbG suppresses the function of major antioxidant defense systems which may have relevant implications for understanding the safety of hemoglobin-based products.
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Expression and DNA methylation alterations of seven cancer-associated 3p genes and their predicted regulator miRNAs (miR-129-2, miR-9-1) in breast and ovarian cancers. Gene 2015; 576:483-91. [PMID: 26519551 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The methylation of promoter CpG islands and interactions between microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of target genes are considered two crucial epigenetic mechanisms for inducing gene and pathway deregulation in tumors. Here, the expression levels of seven cancer-associated 3p genes (RASSF1(isoform A), RARB(isoform 2), SEMA3B, RHOA, GPX1, NKIRAS1, and CHL1) and their predicted regulator miRNAs (miR-129-2, miR-9-1) were analyzed in breast (BC, 40 samples) and ovarian (OC, 14 samples) cancers using RT-PCR and qPCR. We first revealed a negative correlation between the level of the miR-129-2 precursor and RASSF1(A) and GPX1 mRNA levels in BC (Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) was − 0.26 in both cases). Similar results were observed for the miR-129-2 precursor and the RASSF1(A), GPX1, RARB(2), and CHL1 genes in OC (rs was in the range − 0.48 to − 0.54). Using methylation-specific PCR, a significant correlation was shown between promoter hypermethylation and the down-regulation of the RASSF1(A), GPX1, RARB(2), SEMA3B, MIR-129-2, and MIR-9-1 genes in BC (rs = 0.41 to 0.75) and of the RASSF1(A) gene in OC (rs = 0.67). We first demonstrated a high hypermethylation frequency of MIR-129-2 and SEMA3B (up to 45 to 48%) in both BC (69 samples) and OC (41 samples). Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between the hypermethylation of MIR-129-2 and the up-regulation of the RASSF1(A) and GPX1 genes in BC (rs = 0.38 and 0.42, respectively). QPCR analysis of the expression of RASSF1(A) and mature miR-129-2 in additional BC sample set (24 samples) revealed a negative correlation between them (rs = − 0.41) that strengthened the results obtained during the analysis of miR-129-2 precursor level. In summary, the obtained data indicate the involvement of methylation in the down-regulation of the studied coding and miRNA genes and suggest the involvement of miR-129-2 in the deregulation of RASSF1(A) via a direct interaction or/and mediators in common pathways (according to KEGG, Gene Ontology (FDR < 0.01), and GeneCards data) in the examined gynecological tumors.
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Braga EA, Khodyrev DS, Loginov VI, Pronina IV, Senchenko VN, Dmitriev AA, Kubatiev AA, Kushlinskii NE. Methylation in the regulation of the expression of chromosome 3 and microRNA genes in clear-cell renal cell carcinomas. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415050026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Selenium and chronic diseases: a nutritional genomics perspective. Nutrients 2015; 7:3621-51. [PMID: 25988760 PMCID: PMC4446770 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic data have revealed a key role for selenium (Se) and selenoproteins in biological pathways known to be altered in multifactorial diseases, such as cellular maintenance, response to oxidative stress and correct protein folding. Although epidemiological studies indicate that low Se intake is linked to increased risk for various chronic diseases, supplementation trials have given confusing outcomes, suggesting that additional genetic factors could affect the relationship between Se and health. Genetic data support this hypothesis, as risk for several chronic diseases, in particular cancer, was linked to a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) altering Se metabolism, selenoprotein synthesis or activity. Interactions between SNPs in selenoprotein genes, SNPs in related molecular pathways and biomarkers of Se status were found to further modulate the genetic risk carried by the SNPs. Taken together, nutritional genomics approaches uncovered the potential implication of some selenoproteins as well as the influence of complex interactions between genetic variants and Se status in the aetiology of several chronic diseases. This review discusses the results from these genetic associations in the context of selenoprotein functions and epidemiological investigations and emphasises the need to assess in future studies the combined contribution of Se status, environmental stress, and multiple or individual SNPs to disease risk.
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The role of Tcfap2c in tumorigenesis and cancer growth in an activated Neu model of mammary carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2015; 34:6105-14. [PMID: 25772240 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TFAP2C/AP-2γ influences development of the mammary gland and regulates patterns of gene expression in luminal and HER2-amplified breast cancer. The roles of TFAP2C in mammary gland tumorigenesis and in pathways critical to cancer progression remain poorly understood. To gain greater insight into oncogenic mechanisms regulated by TFAP2C, we examined mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-Neu transgenic female mice with or without conditional knockout (KO) of Tcfap2c, the mouse homolog of TFAP2C. Loss of Tcfap2c increased the latency of tumorigenesis and tumors that formed demonstrated reduced proliferative index and increased apoptosis. In addition, tumors formed in Tcfap2c KO animals had a significant reduction in Egfr levels without a change in the expression of the Neu oncogene. The MMneu-flAP2C cell line was established from tumor tissue derived from MMTV-Neu/Tcfap2c(L/L) control animals and parallel cell lines with and without expression of Tcfap2c were created by transduction with adenovirus-empty and adenovirus-Cre, respectively. KO of Tcfap2c in vitro reduced activated phosphorylated-Erk, decreased cell viability, repressed tumor growth and was associated with attenuation of Egfr expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and direct sequencing and expression analysis confirmed that Egfr was a Tcfap2c target gene in murine, as well as human, mammary carcinoma cells. Furthermore, decreased viability of mammary cancer cells was directly related to Egfr functional blockade. We conclude that TFAP2C regulates tumorigenesis, cell growth and survival in HER2-amplified breast cancer through transcriptional regulation of EGFR. The findings have important implications for targeting the EGFR pathway in breast cancer.
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Rusetskaya NY, Borodulin VB. Biological activity of organoselenium compounds in heavy metal intoxication. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750815010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rusetskaya N, Borodulin V. Biological activity of selenorganic compounds at heavy metal salts intoxication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:449-61. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Possible mechanisms of the antitoxic action of organoselenium compounds in heavy metal poisoning have been considered. Heavy metal toxicity associated with intensification of free radical oxidation, suppression of the antioxidant system, damage to macromolecules, mitochondria and the genetic material can cause apoptotic cell death or the development of carcinogenesis. Organic selenium compounds are effective antioxidants during heavy metal poisoning; they exhibit higher bioavailability in mammals than inorganic ones and they are able to activate antioxidant defense, bind heavy metal ions and reactive oxygen species formed during metal-induced oxidative stress. One of promising organoselenium compounds is diacetophenonyl selenide (DAPS-25), which is characterized by antioxidant and antitoxic activity, under conditions including heavy metal intoxication
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Affiliation(s)
- N.Y. Rusetskaya
- Razumovskiy Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - V.B. Borodulin
- Razumovskiy Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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Park SJ, Kim SM, Hong YS, Lee JL, Kim JE, Kim KP, Hong SM, Jin DH, Kim CW, Yoon YS, Park IJ, Lim SB, Yu CS, Kim JC, Kim TW. TFAP2E methylation status and prognosis of patients with radically resected colorectal cancer. Oncology 2014; 88:122-32. [PMID: 25341849 DOI: 10.1159/000362820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the clinical significance of the gene encoding AP-2ε (TFAP2E) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing curative resection. METHODS A single-institution cohort of 248 patients who underwent curative resection of stage I/II/III CRCs between March and December 2004 was enrolled, and 193 patients whose tumors were available for the determination of the TFAP2E methylation status were included in the analysis. RESULTS TFAP2E hypermethylation was detected in 112 patients (58%) and was significantly associated with distally located CRCs, low pathologic T stage (T1/T2), and stage I tumors. After a median follow-up of 86.3 months, the patients with TFAP2E hypermethylation tended to show better relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than the patients with TFAP2E hypomethylation (5-year RFS rate: 90 vs. 80%, p = 0.063; 6-year OS rate: 88 vs. 80%, p = 0.083). Multivariate analysis showed that the pathologic nodal stage and TFAP2E methylation status were independent prognostic factors for RFS and OS, and they remained significant factors in the subgroup analysis that included 154 patients with stage II/III CRCs who had received adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS TFAP2E hypermethylation is associated with good clinical outcomes and may be considered as an independent prognostic factor in patients with curatively resected CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Joon Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bermingham EN, Hesketh JE, Sinclair BR, Koolaard JP, Roy NC. Selenium-enriched foods are more effective at increasing glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity compared with selenomethionine: a meta-analysis. Nutrients 2014; 6:4002-31. [PMID: 25268836 PMCID: PMC4210904 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium may play a beneficial role in multi-factorial illnesses with genetic and environmental linkages via epigenetic regulation in part via glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. A meta-analysis was undertaken to quantify the effects of dietary selenium supplementation on the activity of overall GPx activity in different tissues and animal species and to compare the effectiveness of different forms of dietary selenium. GPx activity response was affected by both the dose and form of selenium (p < 0.001). There were differences between tissues on the effects of selenium supplementation on GPx activity (p < 0.001); however, there was no evidence in the data of differences between animal species (p = 0.95). The interactions between dose and tissue, animal species and form were significant (p < 0.001). Tissues particularly sensitive to changes in selenium supply include red blood cells, kidney and muscle. The meta-analysis identified that for animal species selenium-enriched foods were more effective than selenomethionine at increasing GPx activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Bermingham
- Food Nutrition & Health, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - John E Hesketh
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Bruce R Sinclair
- Food Nutrition & Health, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - John P Koolaard
- Bioinformatics & Statistics AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Bogachek MV, Chen Y, Kulak MV, Woodfield GW, Cyr AR, Park JM, Spanheimer PM, Li Y, Li T, Weigel RJ. Sumoylation pathway is required to maintain the basal breast cancer subtype. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:748-61. [PMID: 24835590 PMCID: PMC4096794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The TFAP2C/AP-2γ transcription factor regulates luminal breast cancer genes, and loss of TFAP2C induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition. By contrast, the highly homologous family member, TFAP2A, lacks transcriptional activity at luminal gene promoters. A detailed structure-function analysis identified that sumoylation of TFAP2A blocks its ability to induce the expression of luminal genes. Disruption of the sumoylation pathway by knockdown of sumoylation enzymes, mutation of the SUMO-target lysine of TFAP2A, or treatment with sumoylation inhibitors induced a basal-to-luminal transition, which was dependent on TFAP2A. Sumoylation inhibitors cleared the CD44(+/hi)/CD24(-/low) cell population characterizing basal cancers and inhibited tumor outgrowth of basal cancer xenografts. These findings establish a critical role for sumoylation in regulating the transcriptional mechanisms that maintain the basal cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Bogachek
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mikhail V Kulak
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Anthony R Cyr
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jung M Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Yingyue Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; The Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ronald J Weigel
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Sanchez-Mut JV, Aso E, Panayotis N, Lott I, Dierssen M, Rabano A, Urdinguio RG, Fernandez AF, Astudillo A, Martin-Subero JI, Balint B, Fraga MF, Gomez A, Gurnot C, Roux JC, Avila J, Hensch TK, Ferrer I, Esteller M. DNA methylation map of mouse and human brain identifies target genes in Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:3018-27. [PMID: 24030951 PMCID: PMC3784285 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system has a pattern of gene expression that is closely regulated with respect to functional and anatomical regions. DNA methylation is a major regulator of transcriptional activity, and aberrations in the distribution of this epigenetic mark may be involved in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, we have analysed 12 distinct mouse brain regions according to their CpG 5’-end gene methylation patterns and observed their unique epigenetic landscapes. The DNA methylomes obtained from the cerebral cortex were used to identify aberrant DNA methylation changes that occurred in two mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. We were able to translate these findings to patients with Alzheimer’s disease, identifying DNA methylation-associated silencing of three targets genes: thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R), sorbin and SH3 domain containing 3 (SORBS3) and spectrin beta 4 (SPTBN4). These hypermethylation targets indicate that the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation pathway and the axon initial segment could contribute to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Sanchez-Mut
- 1 Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Spanheimer PM, Askeland RW, Kulak MV, Wu T, Weigel RJ. High TFAP2C/low CD44 expression is associated with an increased rate of pathologic complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. J Surg Res 2013; 184:519-25. [PMID: 23764310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In luminal breast cancer cell lines, TFAP2C regulates expression of key genes in the estrogen receptor-associated cluster and represses basal-associated genes including CD44. We examined the effect of TFAP2C overexpression in a basal cell line and characterized the expression of TFAP2C and CD44 in breast cancer specimens to determine if expression was associated with clinical response. METHODS MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with a TFAP2C-containing plasmid and evaluated for effects on CD44 expression. Pretreatment biopsy cores from patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer were evaluated for TFAP2A, p53, TFAP2C, and CD44 expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Overexpression of TFAP2C in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in decreased expression of CD44 mRNA and protein, P < 0.05. A pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy was achieved in 17% of patients (4/23). Average expression for TFAP2C by immunohistochemistry in patients with a pCR was 93%, compared with 46% in patients with residual disease, P = 0.016; and in tumors that stained at ≥80% for TFAP2C, 4 of 9 (44%) achieved pCR, compared with 0 of 14 below 80%, P = 0.01. Additionally, in tumors that stained ≤80% for CD44, 4 of 10 (40%) achieved pCR, compared with 0 of 13 >80%, P = 0.02. In tumors that stained high for TFAP2C (≥80%) and low for CD44 (≤80%), 4 of 7 (57%) achieved pCR, compared with 0 of 16 in all other groups (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS TFAP2C repressed CD44 expression in basal-derived breast cancer. In primary breast cancer specimens, high TFAP2C and low CD44 expression were associated with pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and could be predictive of tumors that have improved response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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