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Ajuwon OR, Nsole-Biteghe FA, Ndong JD, Davids LM, Ajiboye BO, Brai B, Bamisaye FA, Falode JA, Odoh IM, Adegbite KI, Adegoke BO, Ntwasa M, Lebelo SL, Ayeleso AO. Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Response and Drug Efflux Transporters Upregulation as Possible Mechanisms of Resistance in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:605-627. [PMID: 39131905 PMCID: PMC11313505 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s457749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a groundbreaking approach involving the induction of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) within tumors through visible light activation of photosensitizers (PS) in the presence of molecular oxygen. This innovative therapy has demonstrated success in treating various cancers. While PDT proves highly effective in most solid tumors, there are indications that certain cancers exhibit resistance, and some initially responsive cancers may develop intrinsic or acquired resistance to PDT. The molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that, akin to other traditional cancer treatments, the activation of survival pathways, such as the KEAP1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, is emerging as an important mechanism of post-PDT resistance in many cancers. This article explores the dual role of Nrf2, highlighting evidence linking aberrant Nrf2 expression to treatment resistance across a range of cancers. Additionally, it delves into the specific role of Nrf2 in the context of photodynamic therapy for cancers, emphasizing evidence that suggests Nrf2-mediated upregulation of antioxidant responses and induction of drug efflux transporters are potential mechanisms of resistance to PDT in diverse cancer types. Therefore, understanding the specific role(s) of Nrf2 in PDT resistance may pave the way for the development of more effective cancer treatments using PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bartholomew Brai
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | | | - John Adeolu Falode
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna Maximillian Odoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Medical Center, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria
| | - Kabirat Iyabode Adegbite
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Monde Ntwasa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Park 1709, Roodeport, South Africa
| | - Sogolo Lucky Lebelo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Park 1709, Roodeport, South Africa
| | - Ademola Olabode Ayeleso
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Park 1709, Roodeport, South Africa
- Biochemistry Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
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2
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McClendon LK, Lanz RB, Panigrahi A, Gomez K, Bolt MJ, Liu M, Stossi F, Mancini MA, Dacso CC, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW. Transcriptional coactivation of NRF2 signaling in cardiac fibroblasts promotes resistance to oxidative stress. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 194:70-84. [PMID: 38969334 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
We recently discovered that steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) SRCs-1, 2 and 3, are abundantly expressed in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and their activation with the SRC small molecule stimulator MCB-613 improves cardiac function and dramatically lowers pro-fibrotic signaling in CFs post-myocardial infarction. These findings suggest that CF-derived SRC activation could be beneficial in the mitigation of chronic heart failure after ischemic insult. However, the cardioprotective mechanisms by which CFs contribute to cardiac pathological remodeling are unclear. Here we present studies designed to identify the molecular and cellular circuitry that governs the anti-fibrotic effects of an MCB-613 derivative, MCB-613-10-1, in CFs. We performed cytokine profiling and whole transcriptome and proteome analyses of CF-derived signals in response to MCB-613-10-1. We identified the NRF2 pathway as a direct MCB-613-10-1 therapeutic target for promoting resistance to oxidative stress in CFs. We show that MCB-613-10-1 promotes cell survival of anti-fibrotic CFs exposed to oxidative stress by suppressing apoptosis. We demonstrate that an increase in HMOX1 expression contributes to CF resistance to oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis via a mechanism involving SRC co-activation of NRF2, hence reducing inflammation and fibrosis. We provide evidence that MCB-613-10-1 acts as a protectant against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage. Our data reveal that SRC stimulation of the NRF2 transcriptional network promotes resistance to oxidative stress and highlights a mechanistic approach toward addressing pathologic cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K McClendon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Rainer B Lanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Anil Panigrahi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Kristan Gomez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Michael J Bolt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Clifford C Dacso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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3
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Wu L, Hu Z, Song XF, Liao YJ, Xiahou JH, Li Y, Zhang ZH. Targeting Nrf2 signaling pathways in the role of bladder cancer: From signal network to targeted therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116829. [PMID: 38820972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy of the urinary system and often recurs after tumor removal and/or is resistant to chemotherapy. In cancer cells, the activity of the signaling pathway changes significantly, affecting a wide range of cell activities from growth and proliferation to apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in cellular defense responses to a variety of cellular stresses. There is increasing evidence that Nrf2 acts as a tumor driver and that it is involved in the maintenance of malignant cell phenotypes. Abnormal expression of Nrf2 has been found to be common in a variety of tumors, including bladder cancer. Over-activation of Nrf2 can lead to DNA damage and the development of bladder cancer, and is also associated with various pathological phenomena of bladder cancer, such as metastasis, angiogenesis, and reduced toxicity and efficacy of therapeutic anticancer drugs to provide cell protection for cancer cells. However, the above process can be effectively inhibited or reversed by inhibiting Nrf2. Therefore, Nrf2 signaling may be a potential targeting pathway for bladder cancer. In this review, we will characterize this signaling pathway and summarize the effects of Nrf2 and crosstalk with other signaling pathways on bladder cancer progression. The focus will be on the impact of Nrf2 activation on bladder cancer progression and current therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking the effects of Nrf2. To better determine how to promote new chemotherapy agents, develop new therapeutic agents, and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China.
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fen Song
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China
| | - Yu-Jian Liao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China
| | - Jiang-Huan Xiahou
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hua Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xinyu People's Hospital, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China; Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Xinyu Hospital of Nanchang University, 369 Xinxin North Road, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province 338000, PR China.
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Sekine H, Motohashi H. Unique and overlapping roles of NRF2 and NRF1 in transcriptional regulation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:91-96. [PMID: 38510688 PMCID: PMC10948342 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription is regulated by specific transcription factors that mediate signaling in response to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli such as nutrients, hormones, and oxidative stresses. Many transcription factors are grouped based on their highly conserved DNA binding domains. Consequently, transcription factors within the same family often exhibit functional redundancy and compensation. NRF2 (NFE2L2) and NRF1 (NFE2L1) belong to the CNC family transcription factors, which are responsible for various stress responses. Although their DNA binding properties are strikingly similar, NRF2 and NRF1 are recognized to play distinct roles in a cell by mediating responses to oxidative stress and proteotoxic stress, respectively. In this review, we here overview the distinct and shared roles of NRF2 and NRF1 in the transcriptional regulation of target genes, with a particular focus on the nuclear protein binding partners associated with each factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sekine
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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5
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Fang D, Guo S, Wei B, Liu W, Li G, Li X, Liu J, Jin L, Duan C. Nrf-2 modulates excitability of hippocampal neurons by regulating ferroptosis and neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res Bull 2024; 207:110877. [PMID: 38215951 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Excitability of hippocampal neurons in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) rats has not been well studied. The rat SAH model was applied in this study to explore the role of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf-2) in the early brain injury of SAH. The neural excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells (PCs) in SAH rats was evaluated by using electrophysiology experiments. Ferroptosis and neuroinflammation were measured by ELISA, transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. Our results indicated that SAH induced neurological deficits, brain edema, ferroptosis, neuroinflammation and neural excitability in rats. Ferrostatin-1 treatment significantly decreased the expression and distribution of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and TNF-α. Inhibiting ferroptosis by ferrostatin-1 can attenuate neural excitability, neurological deficits, brain edema and neuroinflammation in SAH rats. Inhibiting the expression of Nrf-2 significantly increased the neural excitability and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and TNF-α in Fer-1-treated SAH rats. Taken together, inhibiting the Nrf-2 induces early brain injury, brain edema and the inflammatory response with increasing of neural excitability in Fer-1-treated SAH rats. These results have indicated that inhibiting ferroptosis, neuroinflammation and neural excitability attenuates early brain injury after SAH by regulating the Nrf-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhao Fang
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenquan Guo
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Boyang Wei
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangxu Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Arabnezhad MR, Haghani F, Ghaffarian-Bahraman A, Jafarzadeh E, Mohammadi H, Yadegari JG, Farkhondeh T, Aschner M, Darroudi M, Marouzi S, Samarghandian S. Involvement of Nrf2 Signaling in Lead-induced Toxicity. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3529-3549. [PMID: 37221680 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230522143341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is used as one of the main protective factors against various pathological processes, as it regulates cells resistant to oxidation. Several studies have extensively explored the relationship between environmental exposure to heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb), and the development of various human diseases. These metals have been reported to be able to, directly and indirectly, induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress in various organs. Since Nrf2 signaling is important in maintaining redox status, it has a dual role depending on the specific biological context. On the one hand, Nrf2 provides a protective mechanism against metal-induced toxicity; on the other hand, it can induce metalinduced carcinogenesis upon prolonged exposure and activation. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the latest knowledge on the functional interrelation between toxic metals, such as Pb and Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Arabnezhad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haghani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaffarian-Bahraman
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Javad Ghasemian Yadegari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Marouzi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
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7
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Xiao Q, Sun CC, Tang CF. Heme oxygenase-1: A potential therapeutic target for improving skeletal muscle atrophy. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112335. [PMID: 37984695 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common muscle disease that is directly caused by an imbalance in protein synthesis and degradation. At the histological level, it is mainly characterized by a reduction in muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA). Patients with skeletal muscle atrophy present with reduced motor ability, easy fatigue, and poor life quality. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme and has attracted much attention for its anti-oxidation effects. In addition, there is growing evidence that HO-1 plays an important role in anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, pro-angiogenesis, and maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis, making it a potential therapeutic target for improving skeletal muscle atrophy. Here, we review the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle atrophy, the biology of HO-1 and its regulation, and the biological function of HO-1 in skeletal muscle homeostasis, with a specific focus on the role of HO-1 in skeletal muscle atrophy, aiming to observe the therapeutic potential of HO-1 for skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China; School of Physical Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China
| | - Chen-Chen Sun
- School of Physical Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China.
| | - Chang-Fa Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China.
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8
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Che J, Yang X, Jin Z, Xu C. Nrf2: A promising therapeutic target in bone-related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115748. [PMID: 37865995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, as it suppresses cell damage caused by external stimuli by regulating the transcription of intracellular defense-related genes. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the crucial role of reduction-oxidation (REDOX) imbalance in the development of bone-related diseases. Nrf2, a transcription factor linked to nuclear factor-erythrocyte 2, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of oxidative stress and induction of antioxidant defenses. Therefore, further investigation of the mechanism and function of Nrf2 in bone-related diseases is essential. Considerable evidence suggests that increased nuclear transcription of Nrf2 in response to external stimuli promotes the expression of intracellular antioxidant-related genes, which in turn leads to the inhibition of bone remodeling imbalance, improved fracture recovery, reduced occurrence of osteoarthritis, and greater tumor resistance. Certain natural extracts can selectively target Nrf2, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for osteogenic arthropathy. In this article, the biological characteristics of Nrf2 are reviewed, the intricate interplay between Nrf2-regulated REDOX imbalance and bone-related diseases is explored, and the potential preventive and protective effects of natural products targeting Nrf2 in these diseases are elucidated. A comprehensive understanding of the role of Nrf2 in the development of bone-related diseases provides valuable insights into clinical interventions and can facilitate the discovery of novel Nrf2-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Che
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhankui Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Cuixiang Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV. The mechanistic insights of the antioxidant Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in oncogenesis: a deadly scenario. Med Oncol 2023; 40:248. [PMID: 37480500 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein has garnered significant interest due to its crucial function in safeguarding cells and tissues. The Nrf2 protein is crucial in preserving tissue integrity by safeguarding cells against metabolic, xenobiotic and oxidative stress. Due to its various functions, Nrf2 is a potential pharmacological target for reducing the incidence of diseases such as cancer. However, mutations in Keap1-Nrf2 are not consistently favored in all types of cancer. Instead, they seem to interact with specific driver mutations of tumors and their respective tissue origins. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 pathway mutations are a powerful cancer adaptation that utilizes inherent cytoprotective pathways, encompassing nutrient metabolism and ROS regulation. The augmentation of Nrf2 activity elicits significant alterations in the characteristics of neoplastic cells, such as resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, safeguarding against apoptosis, heightened invasiveness, hindered senescence, impaired autophagy and increased angiogenesis. The altered activity of Nrf2 can arise from diverse genetic and epigenetic modifications that instantly impact Nrf2 regulation. The present study aims to showcase the correlation between the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and the progression of cancers, emphasizing genetic mutations, metabolic processes, immune regulation, and potential therapeutic strategies. This article delves into the intricacies of Nrf2 pathway anomalies in cancer, the potential ramifications of uncontrolled Nrf2 activity, and therapeutic interventions to modulate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Hammad M, Raftari M, Cesário R, Salma R, Godoy P, Emami SN, Haghdoost S. Roles of Oxidative Stress and Nrf2 Signaling in Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Cells: A Possible General Mechanism of Resistance to Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1371. [PMID: 37507911 PMCID: PMC10376708 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordinating role of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cellular function is undeniable. Evidence indicates that this transcription factor exerts massive regulatory functions in multiple signaling pathways concerning redox homeostasis and xenobiotics, macromolecules, and iron metabolism. Being the master regulator of antioxidant system, Nrf2 controls cellular fate, influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, resistance to therapy, and senescence processes, as well as infection disease success. Because Nrf2 is the key coordinator of cell defence mechanisms, dysregulation of its signaling has been associated with carcinogenic phenomena and infectious and age-related diseases. Deregulation of this cytoprotective system may also interfere with immune response. Oxidative burst, one of the main microbicidal mechanisms, could be impaired during the initial phagocytosis of pathogens, which could lead to the successful establishment of infection and promote susceptibility to infectious diseases. There is still a knowledge gap to fill regarding the molecular mechanisms by which Nrf2 orchestrates such complex networks involving multiple pathways. This review describes the role of Nrf2 in non-pathogenic and pathogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hammad
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/ARIA, GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mohammad Raftari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rute Cesário
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rima Salma
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/ARIA, GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Paulo Godoy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Noushin Emami
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, London ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/ARIA, GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), 14000 Caen, France
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11
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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. The bridge between cell survival and cell death: reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular stress. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:520-555. [PMID: 37534225 PMCID: PMC10390897 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
As a requirement of aerobic metabolism, regulation of redox homeostasis is indispensable for the continuity of living homeostasis and life. Since the stability of the redox state is necessary for the maintenance of the biological functions of the cells, the balance between the pro-oxidants, especially ROS and the antioxidant capacity is kept in balance in the cells through antioxidant defense systems. The pleiotropic transcription factor, Nrf2, is the master regulator of the antioxidant defense system. Disruption of redox homeostasis leads to oxidative and reductive stress, bringing about multiple pathophysiological conditions. Oxidative stress characterized by high ROS levels causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cell death, while reductive stress characterized by low ROS levels disrupt physiological cell functions. The fact that ROS, which were initially attributed as harmful products of aerobic metabolism, at the same time function as signal molecules at non-toxic levels and play a role in the adaptive response called mithormesis points out that ROS have a dose-dependent effect on cell fate determination. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Riza Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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McClendon LK, Garcia RL, Lazaro T, Robledo A, Vasandani V, Luna ZAE, Rao AS, Srivatsan A, Lonard DM, Dacso CC, Kan P, O’Malley BW. A steroid receptor coactivator small molecule "stimulator" attenuates post-stroke ischemic brain injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1055295. [PMID: 36533127 PMCID: PMC9751323 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1055295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pathologic remodeling of the brain following ischemic stroke results in neuronal loss, increased inflammation, oxidative stress, astrogliosis, and a progressive decrease in brain function. We recently demonstrated that stimulation of steroid receptor coactivator 3 with the small-molecule stimulator MCB-613 improves cardiac function in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia. Since steroid receptor coactivators are ubiquitously expressed in the brain, we reasoned that an MCB-613 derivative (MCB-10-1), could protect the brain following ischemic injury. To test this, we administered MCB-10-1 to rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Methods: Neurologic impairment and tissue damage responses were evaluated on day 1 and day 4 following injury in rats treated with control or 10-1. Results: We show that 10-1 attenuates injury post-stroke. 10-1 decreases infarct size and mitigates neurologic impairment. When given within 30 min post middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, 10-1 induces lasting protection from tissue damage in the ischemic penumbra concomitant with: (1) promotion of reparative microglia; (2) an increase in astrocyte NRF2 and GLT-1 expression; (3) early microglia activation; and (4) attenuation of astrogliosis. Discussion: Steroid receptor coactivator stimulation with MCB-10-1 is a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing inflammation and oxidative damage that cause neurologic impairment following an acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. McClendon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roberto L. Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Tyler Lazaro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ariadna Robledo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Viren Vasandani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Zean Aaron Evan Luna
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Abhijit S. Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Aditya Srivatsan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David M. Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Clifford C. Dacso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Bert W. O’Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- CoRegen, Inc., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress: A General Overview of Mechanisms and Implications in Human Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122345. [PMID: 36552553 PMCID: PMC9774434 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms are continually exposed to exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants that have both beneficial and deleterious effects on the cell. ROS have important roles in a wide range of physiological processes; however, high ROS levels are associated with oxidative stress and disease progression. Oxidative stress has been implicated in nearly all major human diseases, from neurogenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant defence systems have evolved as a means of protection against oxidative stress, with the transcription factor Nrf2 as the key regulator. Nrf2 is responsible for regulating an extensive panel of antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification and elimination of oxidative stress and has been extensively studied in the disease contexts. This review aims to provide the reader with a general overview of oxidative stress and Nrf2, including basic mechanisms of Nrf2 activation and regulation, and implications in various major human diseases.
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14
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Kopacz A, Rojo AI, Patibandla C, Lastra-Martínez D, Piechota-Polanczyk A, Kloska D, Jozkowicz A, Sutherland C, Cuadrado A, Grochot-Przeczek A. Overlooked and valuable facts to know in the NRF2/KEAP1 field. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:37-49. [PMID: 36100148 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kopacz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chinmai Patibandla
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Lastra-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Piechota-Polanczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Damian Kloska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, James Arrott Drive, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Anna Grochot-Przeczek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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15
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Kim JH, Yang H, Kim KK. Camellia japonica Root Extract Increases Antioxidant Genes by Induction of NRF2 in HeLa Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2914. [PMID: 36365366 PMCID: PMC9655997 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Camellia japonica L. (Theaceae) has been used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes in East Asian countries. Most functional components were obtained from the upper parts of the tree, such as leaves, flowers, or seeds. Here, we report a functional effect of the 80% methanolic extract of C. japonica root (CJRE) on antioxidative stress in HeLa cells. The nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key transcription factor that triggers the induction of oxidative stress-relating genes and drug detoxification. As result, CJRE showed a strong anti-radical scavenging effect in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the induction of antioxidant response elements (ARE)-luciferase activity was maximized at CJRE 200 µg/mL. Furthermore, CJRE induced the mRNA levels of HO-1 and NQO1 by the nuclear NRF2 accumulation. As a possible mechanism of Nrf2 activation, the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 signaling might fortify the NRF2 induction as well as its stability. However, the phosphorylation of AKT is rather decreased. Taken together, CJRE may potentiate the antioxidant effects by increasing the NRF2 signaling through MAP kinase signaling and the properties of its radical scavenging activity. Thus, CJRE could apply for other medicinal and cosmetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Heejung Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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16
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Wu W, Hendrix A, Nair S, Cui T. Nrf2-Mediated Dichotomy in the Vascular System: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Perspective. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193042. [PMID: 36231004 PMCID: PMC9563590 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, controls the expression of more than 1000 genes that can be clustered into different categories with distinct functions ranging from redox balance and metabolism to protein quality control in the cell. The biological consequence of Nrf2 activation can be either protective or detrimental in a context-dependent manner. In the cardiovascular system, most studies have focused on the protective properties of Nrf2, mainly as a key transcription factor of antioxidant defense. However, emerging evidence revealed an unexpected role of Nrf2 in mediating cardiovascular maladaptive remodeling and dysfunction in certain disease settings. Herein we review the role of Nrf2 in cardiovascular diseases with a focus on vascular disease. We discuss the negative effect of Nrf2 on the vasculature as well as the potential underlying mechanisms. We also discuss the clinical relevance of targeting Nrf2 pathways for the treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Andrew Hendrix
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Sharad Nair
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Columbia VA Health System, Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Columbia VA Health System, Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-803-216-3804
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17
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Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy Crosstalk: New Insights into Therapeutic Strategies for Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091747. [PMID: 36139821 PMCID: PMC9495910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent and has a complex etiology and variable pathophysiological activities. It thus poses a serious threat to human life and health. Currently, pathophysiological research on cerebrovascular diseases is gradually improving, and oxidative stress and autophagy have been identified as important pathophysiological activities that are gradually attracting increasing attention. Many studies have found some effects of oxidative stress and autophagy on cerebrovascular diseases, and studies on the crosstalk between the two in cerebrovascular diseases have made modest progress. However, further, more detailed studies are needed to determine the specific mechanisms. This review discusses nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) molecules, which are closely associated with oxidative stress and autophagy, and the crosstalk between them, with the aim of providing clues for studying the two important pathophysiological changes and their crosstalk in cerebrovascular diseases as well as exploring new target treatments.
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18
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Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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19
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Normal and Pathological NRF2 Signalling in the Central Nervous System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081426. [PMID: 35892629 PMCID: PMC9394413 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was originally described as a master regulator of antioxidant cellular response, but in the time since, numerous important biological functions linked to cell survival, cellular detoxification, metabolism, autophagy, proteostasis, inflammation, immunity, and differentiation have been attributed to this pleiotropic transcription factor that regulates hundreds of genes. After 40 years of in-depth research and key discoveries, NRF2 is now at the center of a vast regulatory network, revealing NRF2 signalling as increasingly complex. It is widely recognized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in human physiological and pathological processes such as ageing, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The high oxygen consumption associated with high levels of free iron and oxidizable unsaturated lipids make the brain particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. A good stability of NRF2 activity is thus crucial to maintain the redox balance and therefore brain homeostasis. In this review, we have gathered recent data about the contribution of the NRF2 pathway in the healthy brain as well as during metabolic diseases, cancer, ageing, and ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies and the need for better understanding of cell-type-specific functions of NRF2 in these different fields.
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20
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Zhang S, Duan S, Xie Z, Bao W, Xu B, Yang W, Zhou L. Epigenetic Therapeutics Targeting NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling in Cancer Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924817. [PMID: 35754474 PMCID: PMC9218606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its negative regulator kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) regulate various genes involved in redox homeostasis, which protects cells from stress conditions such as reactive oxygen species and therefore exerts beneficial effects on suppression of carcinogenesis. In addition to their pivotal role in cellular physiology, accumulating innovative studies indicated that NRF2/KEAP1-governed pathways may conversely be oncogenic and cause therapy resistance, which was profoundly modulated by epigenetic mechanism. Therefore, targeting epigenetic regulation in NRF2/KEAP1 signaling is a potential strategy for cancer treatment. In this paper, the current knowledge on the role of NRF2/KEAP1 signaling in cancer oxidative stress is presented, with a focus on how epigenetic modifications might influence cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, the prospect that epigenetic changes may be used as therapeutic targets for tumor treatment is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sining Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanlin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medical Affairs, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Kumar H, Kumar RM, Bhattacharjee D, Somanna P, Jain V. Role of Nrf2 Signaling Cascade in Breast Cancer: Strategies and Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:720076. [PMID: 35571115 PMCID: PMC9098811 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.720076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cancer among all types of cancers. It accounts for 12% of the total cases of cancers. The complex and heterogeneous nature of breast cancer makes it difficult to treat in advanced stages. The expression of various enzymes and proteins is regulated by several molecular pathways. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in cellular events that are generally regulated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The exact mechanism of Nrf2 behind cytoprotective and antioxidative properties is still under investigation. In healthy cells, Nrf2 expression is lower, which maintains antioxidative stress; however, cancerous cells overexpress Nrf2, which is associated with various phenomena, such as the development of drug resistance, angiogenesis, development of cancer stem cells, and metastasis. Aberrant Nrf2 expression diminishes the toxicity and potency of therapeutic anticancer drugs and provides cytoprotection to cancerous cells. In this article, we have discussed the attributes associated with Nrf2 in the development of drug resistance, angiogenesis, cancer stem cell generation, and metastasis in the specific context of breast cancer. We also discussed the therapeutic strategies employed against breast cancer exploiting Nrf2 signaling cascades.
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22
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Zhou X, Huang N, Hou X, Zhu L, Xie Y, Ba Z, Luo Y. Icaritin attenuates 6-OHDA-induced MN9D cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13256. [PMID: 35433120 PMCID: PMC9012182 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed whether ICT can alleviate 6-OHDA-induced cell damage via inhibition of oxidative stress by evaluating the protective effect of icaritin (ICT) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced MN9D cell damage and further determined the mechanism by which ICT reduces oxidative stress. Methods MN9D cells were treated with 6-OHDA, to study the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of ICT. MN9D cell damage was assessed by the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry was performed to measure the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) kit was used to evaluate SOD activity, and Western blotting was used to measure the expression of α-synuclein (α-Syn), Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Results ICT reduced damage to MN9D cells induced by 6-OHDA. ICT increased SOD activity and TH expression and reduced ROS production and α-Syn expression. ICT promoted the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and further increased the protein expression of HO-1. Conclusions ICT protects against 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell injury by attenuating oxidative stress, and the mechanism is related to modulate the activities of Nrf2, HO-1 protein, and SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi & Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Ghuizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi & Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi & Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Ghuizhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- School of Medicine and Technology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yiman Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi & Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Ghuizhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Ba
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi & Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi & Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Ghuizhou, China
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23
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Wang H, Wang Q, Cai G, Duan Z, Nugent Z, Huang J, Zheng J, Borowsky AD, Li JJ, Liu P, Kung HJ, Murphy L, Chen HW, Wang J. Nuclear TIGAR mediates an epigenetic and metabolic autoregulatory loop via NRF2 in cancer therapeutic resistance. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1871-1884. [PMID: 35847493 PMCID: PMC9279715 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guodi Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhijian Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Zoann Nugent
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Jie Huang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Alexander D. Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Peiqing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Leigh Murphy
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Junjian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
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24
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Banas K, Modarai S, Rivera-Torres N, Yoo BC, Bialk PA, Barrett C, Batish M, Kmiec EB. Exon skipping induced by CRISPR-directed gene editing regulates the response to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Gene Ther 2022; 29:357-367. [PMID: 35314779 PMCID: PMC9203268 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have been developing CRISPR-directed gene editing as an augmentative therapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by genetic disruption of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2). NRF2 promotes tumor cell survival in response to therapeutic intervention and thus its disablement should restore or enhance effective drug action. Here, we report how NRF2 disruption leads to collateral damage in the form of CRISPR-mediated exon skipping. Heterogeneous populations of transcripts and truncated proteins produce a variable response to chemotherapy, dependent on which functional domain is missing. We identify and characterize predicted and unpredicted transcript populations and discover that several types of transcripts arise through exon skipping; wherein one or two NRF2 exons are missing. In one specific case, the presence or absence of a single nucleotide determines whether an exon is skipped or not by reorganizing Exonic Splicing Enhancers (ESEs). We isolate and characterize the diversity of clones induced by CRISPR activity in a NSCLC tumor cell population, a critical and often overlooked genetic byproduct of this exciting technology. Finally, gRNAs must be designed with care to avoid altering gene expression patterns that can account for variable responses to solid tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Banas
- Gene Editing Institute, ChristianaCare, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pawel A Bialk
- Gene Editing Institute, ChristianaCare, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Connor Barrett
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Mona Batish
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Eric B Kmiec
- Gene Editing Institute, ChristianaCare, Newark, DE, USA.
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25
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Medicarpin Increases Antioxidant Genes by Inducing NRF2 Transcriptional Level in HeLa Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020421. [PMID: 35204303 PMCID: PMC8869525 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of genes involved in oxidative stress and drug detoxification. Therefore, it is important to find NRF2 inducers to protect cells from excessive oxidative damage. Here, we investigated the effect of medicarpin isolated from the root of Robinia pseudoacacia L. on the activity of NRF2 in HeLa cells. Medicarpin significantly induced the antioxidant response elements (ARE)-luciferase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, medicarpin not only induced HO-1, GCLC, and NQO1 mRNA by translocating NRF2 to the nucleus but also induced the mRNA level of NRF2. To verify the NRF2 induction mechanism by medicarpin, ~2 kb of NRF2 promoter-luciferase assay was executed. As a result, medicarpin significantly induced NRF2-luciferase activity. Moreover, medicarpin strongly inhibited the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of NRF2. Thus, medicarpin might protect cells by promoting the NRF2 transcriptional activity.
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26
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Lei Q, Deng M, Liu J, He J, Lan Z, Hu Z, Xiao H. SRC3 Promotes the Protective Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation on Cerebral Ischemia in a Mouse Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:112-119. [PMID: 34875163 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow (BM) are reported to protect against ischemic brain injury. This study aimed to investigate whether the steroid receptor cofactor 3 (SRC3) was involved in MSC-induced neuroprotection. BM-MSCs were isolated from wild-type (WT) and SRC3 knockout (SRC3-/-) mice and transplanted into mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The MSC identification and differentiation were determined by flow cytometry and Alizarin Red S staining after osteogenic and adipogenic stimulations. The effects of MSCs on brain injury were assessed by brain water content, modified neurological severity score (mNSS), Morris water maze test, and open field test. Finally, the effects of MSCs on MCAO-induced oxidative stress were assessed by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and mRNA levels of SOD1, SOD2, and CAT. We found that SRC3 deficiency did not impact the MSC identification or osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. MSC-SRC3-/- transplantation in mice that underwent the MCAO procedure exhibited diminished effects on suppression of brain edema, neurological deficits, cognitive disruption, locomotor impairment, and anxiety compared to comparable levels of MSC-WT. Finally, MSC-WT transplantation inhibited MCAO-induced oxidative stress, and the effects were significantly attenuated in MCAO mice transplanted with MSC-SRC3-/-. MSCs suppressed the MCAO-induced upregulation of MDA activity and the inhibition of SOD, GSH, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT levels, and SRC3-deficient MSCs showed significantly reduced effects. Our results indicate that SRC3 plays an important role in mediating the neuroprotective effects of MSCs in mice that experienced ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lei
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyang Deng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jialin He
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ziwei Lan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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27
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Zhou X, Yuan W, Xiong X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Zheng Y, Wang J, Liu J. HO-1 in Bone Biology: Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:791585. [PMID: 34917622 PMCID: PMC8669958 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.791585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disorder characterized by bone mass reduction and deterioration of bone microarchitecture leading to bone fragility and fracture risk. In recent decades, knowledge regarding the etiological mechanisms emphasizes that inflammation, oxidative stress and senescence of bone cells contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Studies have demonstrated that heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme catalyzing heme degradation, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis properties. Emerging evidence has revealed that HO-1 is critical in the maintenance of bone homeostasis, making HO-1 a potential target for osteoporosis treatment. In this Review, we aim to provide an introduction to current knowledge of HO-1 biology and its regulation, focusing specifically on its roles in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis. We also examine the potential of HO-1-based pharmacological therapeutics for osteoporosis and issues faced during clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueman Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxiu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Bovilla VR, Kuruburu MG, Bettada VG, Krishnamurthy J, Sukocheva OA, Thimmulappa RK, Shivananju NS, Balakrishna JP, Madhunapantula SV. Targeted Inhibition of Anti-Inflammatory Regulator Nrf2 Results in Breast Cancer Retardation In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1119. [PMID: 34572304 PMCID: PMC8471069 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-response transcriptional activator that promotes carcinogenesis through metabolic reprogramming, tumor promoting inflammation, and therapeutic resistance. However, the extension of Nrf2 expression and its involvement in regulation of breast cancer (BC) responses to chemotherapy remain largely unclear. This study determined the expression of Nrf2 in BC tissues (n = 46) and cell lines (MDA-MB-453, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468) with diverse phenotypes. Immunohistochemical (IHC)analysis indicated lower Nrf2 expression in normal breast tissues, compared to BC samples, although the difference was not found to be significant. However, pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-induced downregulation of Nrf2 were marked by decreased activity of NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a direct target of Nrf2. Silenced or inhibited Nrf2 signaling resulted in reduced BC proliferation and migration, cell cycle arrest, activation of apoptosis, and sensitization of BC cells to cisplatin in vitro. Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells demonstrated elevated levels of Nrf2 and were further tested in experimental mouse models in vivo. Intraperitoneal administration of pharmacological Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol slowed tumor cell growth. Brusatol increased lymphocyte trafficking towards engrafted tumor tissue in vivo, suggesting activation of anti-cancer effects in tumor microenvironment. Further large-scale BC testing is needed to confirm Nrf2 marker and therapeutic capacities for chemo sensitization in drug resistant and advanced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal R. Bovilla
- Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India; (V.R.B.); (M.G.K.); (V.G.B.); (R.K.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Public Health Research Institute of India (PHRII), Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahadevaswamy G. Kuruburu
- Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India; (V.R.B.); (M.G.K.); (V.G.B.); (R.K.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya G. Bettada
- Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India; (V.R.B.); (M.G.K.); (V.G.B.); (R.K.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayashree Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India;
| | - Olga A. Sukocheva
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Rajesh K. Thimmulappa
- Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India; (V.R.B.); (M.G.K.); (V.G.B.); (R.K.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Nanjunda Swamy Shivananju
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | | | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India; (V.R.B.); (M.G.K.); (V.G.B.); (R.K.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Leader, Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
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29
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Abstract
The gene expression program induced by NRF2 transcription factor plays a critical role in cell defense responses against a broad variety of cellular stresses, most importantly oxidative stress. NRF2 stability is fine-tuned regulated by KEAP1, which drives its degradation in the absence of oxidative stress. In the context of cancer, NRF2 cytoprotective functions were initially linked to anti-oncogenic properties. However, in the last few decades, growing evidence indicates that NRF2 acts as a tumor driver, inducing metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Constitutive activation of NRF2 has been found to be frequent in several tumors, including some lung cancer sub-types and it has been associated to the maintenance of a malignant cell phenotype. This apparently contradictory effect of the NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway in cancer (cell protection against cancer versus pro-tumoral properties) has generated a great controversy about its functions in this disease. In this review, we will describe the molecular mechanism regulating this signaling pathway in physiological conditions and summarize the most important findings related to the role of NRF2/KEAP1 in lung cancer. The focus will be placed on NRF2 activation mechanisms, the implication of those in lung cancer progression and current therapeutic strategies directed at blocking NRF2 action.
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30
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SRC-3 Deficiency Exacerbates Neurological Deficits in a Mouse Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Role of Oxidative Stress. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2969-2978. [PMID: 34268655 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes long term neurological abnormality or death. Oxidative stress is closely involved in ICH mediated brain damage. Steroid receptor cofactor 3 (SRC-3), a p160 family member, is widely expressed in the brain and regulates transactivation of Nrf2, a key component of antioxidant response. Our study aims to test if SRC-3 is implicated in ICH mediated brain injury. We first examined levels of SRC-3 and oxidative stress in the brain of mice following ICH and analyzed their correlation. Then ICH was induced in wild type (WT) and SRC-3 knock out mice and how SRC-3 deletion affected ICH induced brain damage, oxidative stress and behavioral outcome was assessed. We found that SRC-3 mRNA and protein expression levels were reduced gradually after ICH induction in WT mice along with an increase in oxidative stress levels. Correlation analysis revealed that SRC-3 mRNA levels negatively correlated with oxidative stress. Deletion of SRC-3 further increased ICH induced brain edema, neurological deficit score and oxidative stress and exacerbated ICH induced behavioral abnormality including motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that SRC-3 is involved in ICH induced brain injury, probably through modulation of oxidative stress.
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31
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Nrf2, the Major Regulator of the Cellular Oxidative Stress Response, is Partially Disordered. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147434. [PMID: 34299054 PMCID: PMC8305528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription regulator that plays a pivotal role in coordinating the cellular response to oxidative stress. Through interactions with other proteins, such as Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), CREB-binding protein (CBP), and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα), Nrf2 mediates the transcription of cytoprotective genes critical for removing toxicants and preventing DNA damage, thereby playing a significant role in chemoprevention. Dysregulation of Nrf2 is linked to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance, making Nrf2 a promising target for anticancer therapeutics. However, despite the physiological importance of Nrf2, the molecular details of this protein and its interactions with most of its targets remain unknown, hindering the rational design of Nrf2-targeted therapeutics. With this in mind, we used a combined bioinformatics and experimental approach to characterize the structure of full-length Nrf2 and its interaction with Keap1. Our results show that Nrf2 is partially disordered, with transiently structured elements in its Neh2, Neh7, and Neh1 domains. Moreover, interaction with the Kelch domain of Keap1 leads to protection of the binding motifs in the Neh2 domain of Nrf2, while the rest of the protein remains highly dynamic. This work represents the first detailed structural characterization of full-length Nrf2 and provides valuable insights into the molecular basis of Nrf2 activity modulation in oxidative stress response.
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32
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Nrf2 as a potential target for Parkinson's disease therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:917-931. [PMID: 33844027 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder featuring both motor and nonmotor symptoms associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Conventionally, PD treatment options have focused on dopamine replacement and provide only symptomatic relief. However, disease-modifying therapies are still unavailable. Mechanistically, genetic and environmental factors can produce oxidative stress which has been implicated as a core contributor to the initiation and progression of PD through the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Importantly, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is essential for maintaining redox homeostasis by binding to the antioxidant response element which exists in the promoter regions of most genes coding for antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase have been implicated in the regulation of Nrf2 activity during PD. Here, we review the evidence supporting the regulation of Nrf2 through Keap1-dependent and Keap1-independent mechanisms. We also address that targeting Nrf2 may provide a therapeutic option to mitigate oxidative stress-associated PD. Finally, we discuss currently known classes of small molecule activators of Nrf2, including Nrf2-activating compounds in PD.
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33
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Panieri E, Saso L. Inhibition of the NRF2/KEAP1 Axis: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Alter Redox Balance of Cancer Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1428-1483. [PMID: 33403898 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (NRF2/KEAP1) pathway is a crucial and highly conserved defensive system that is required to maintain or restore the intracellular homeostasis in response to oxidative, electrophilic, and other types of stress conditions. The tight control of NRF2 function is maintained by a complex network of biological interactions between positive and negative regulators that ultimately ensure context-specific activation, culminating in the NRF2-driven transcription of cytoprotective genes. Recent Advances: Recent studies indicate that deregulated NRF2 activation is a frequent event in malignant tumors, wherein it is associated with metabolic reprogramming, increased antioxidant capacity, chemoresistance, and poor clinical outcome. On the other hand, the growing interest in the modulation of the cancer cells' redox balance identified NRF2 as an ideal therapeutic target. Critical Issues: For this reason, many efforts have been made to identify potent and selective NRF2 inhibitors that might be used as single agents or adjuvants of anticancer drugs with redox disrupting properties. Despite the lack of specific NRF2 inhibitors still represents a major clinical hurdle, the researchers have exploited alternative strategies to disrupt NRF2 signaling at different levels of its biological activation. Future Directions: Given its dualistic role in tumor initiation and progression, the identification of the appropriate biological context of NRF2 activation and the specific clinicopathological features of patients cohorts wherein its inactivation is expected to have clinical benefits, will represent a major goal in the field of cancer research. In this review, we will briefly describe the structure and function of the NRF2/ KEAP1 system and some of the most promising NRF2 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on natural compounds and drug repurposing. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1428-1483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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34
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Astaxanthin Protects Dendritic Cells from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Immune Dysfunction. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060346. [PMID: 34204220 PMCID: PMC8235365 DOI: 10.3390/md19060346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin, originating from seafood, is a naturally occurring red carotenoid pigment. Previous studies have focused on its antioxidant properties; however, whether astaxanthin possesses a desired anti-inflammatory characteristic to regulate the dendritic cells (DCs) for sepsis therapy remains unknown. Here, we explored the effects of astaxanthin on the immune functions of murine DCs. Our results showed that astaxanthin reduced the expressions of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) and phenotypic markers (MHCII, CD40, CD80, and CD86) by DCs. Moreover, astaxanthin promoted the endocytosis levels in LPS-treated DCs, and hindered the LPS-induced migration of DCs via downregulating CCR7 expression, and then abrogated allogeneic T cell proliferation. Furthermore, we found that astaxanthin inhibited the immune dysfunction of DCs induced by LPS via the activation of the HO-1/Nrf2 axis. Finally, astaxanthin with oral administration remarkably enhanced the survival rate of LPS-challenged mice. These data showed a new approach of astaxanthin for potential sepsis treatment through avoiding the immune dysfunction of DCs.
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35
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Che J, Yang J, Zhao B, Shang P. HO-1: A new potential therapeutic target to combat osteoporosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174219. [PMID: 34081904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts a protective effect against cell damage and induces the activity of many enzymes involved in the treatment of many human diseases, including osteoporosis. The increasing prevalence of osteoporosis and the limitations of the current treatments available led to a continuous occurrence of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures, highlighting the need of a better understanding of the mechanism and function of HO-1. Many factors cause osteoporosis, including lack of estrogen, aging, and iron overload, and they either cause the increase in inflammatory factors or the increase in reactive oxygen species to break bone reconstruction balance. Therefore, regulating the production of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species may become a strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis. Solid evidence showed that the overexpression of HO-1 compensates high oxidation levels by increasing intracellular antioxidant levels and reduces inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory factors. Some extracts can target HO-1 and ameliorate osteoporosis. However, no systematic report is available on therapies targeting HO-1 to combat osteoporosis. Therefore, this review summarizes the biological characteristics of HO-1, and the relationship between inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species production regulated by HO-1 and osteoporosis. The understanding of the role of HO-1 in osteoporosis may provide ideas for a potential clinical treatment and new drugs targeting HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Che
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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Liu T, Lv YF, Zhao JL, You QD, Jiang ZY. Regulation of Nrf2 by phosphorylation: Consequences for biological function and therapeutic implications. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:129-141. [PMID: 33794311 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) participates in the activation of the antioxidant cytoprotective pathway and other important physiological processes to maintain cellular homeostasis. The dysregulation of NRF2 activity plays a role in various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Thus, NRF2 activity is tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms, among which phosphorylation by kinases is critical in the posttranslational regulation of NRF2. For instance, PKC, casein kinase 2, and AMP-activated kinase positively, while GSK-3 negatively regulates NRF2 activity through phosphorylation of different sites. Here, we provide an overview of the phosphorylation regulation pattern of NRF2 and discuss the therapeutic potential of interventions targeting NRF2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, And Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi-Fei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, And Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, And Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, And Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zheng-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, And Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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37
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Song MY, Lee DY, Chun KS, Kim EH. The Role of NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling Pathway in Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4376. [PMID: 33922165 PMCID: PMC8122702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2, also called Nfe2l2) and its cytoplasmic repressor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), are major regulators of redox homeostasis controlling a multiple of genes for detoxification and cytoprotective enzymes. The NRF2/KEAP1 pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade responsible for the resistance of metabolic, oxidative stress, inflammation, and anticancer effects. Interestingly, a recent accumulation of evidence has indicated that NRF2 exhibits an aberrant activation in cancer. Evidence has shown that the NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway is associated with the proliferation of cancer cells and tumerigenesis through metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulatory molecular mechanism of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway against metabolic reprogramming in cancer, suggesting that the regulation of NRF2/KEAP1 axis might approach as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Young Song
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Da-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.)
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38
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Freeborn RA, Rockwell CE. The role of Nrf2 in autoimmunity and infectious disease: Therapeutic possibilities. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 91:61-110. [PMID: 34099113 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a cytoprotective transcription factor which is involved in ameliorating oxidative stress and toxic insults. Recently, an immunomodulatory role for Nrf2 has gained appreciation as it has been shown to protect cells and hosts alike in a variety of immune and inflammatory disorders. However, Nrf2 utilizes numerous distinct pathways to elicit its immunomodulatory effects. In this review, we summarize the literature discussing the roles of Nrf2 in autoimmunity and infectious diseases with a goal of understanding the potential to therapeutically target Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Freeborn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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39
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Kozieł MJ, Kowalska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Nrf2: a main responsive element in cells to mycotoxin-induced toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1521-1533. [PMID: 33554281 PMCID: PMC8113212 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor participating in response to cellular oxidative stress to maintain the redox balance. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, in consequence, oxidative stress, are physiological as well as pathological processes which take place in almost all types of cells. Nrf2, in response to oxidative stress, activates expression and production of antioxidant enzymes to remove free radicals. However, the role of Nrf2 seems to be more sophisticated and its increased expression observed in cancer cells allows to draw a conclusion that its role is tissue—and condition—dependent. Interestingly, Nrf2 might also play a crucial role in response to environmental factors like mycotoxins. Thus, the aim of the study is to review the role of Nrf2 in cells exposed to most common mycotoxins to check if the Nrf2 signaling pathway serves as the main response element to mycotoxin-induced oxidative stress in human and animal cells and if it can be a target of detoxifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Justyna Kozieł
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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40
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Kim SJ, Saeidi S, Cho NC, Kim SH, Lee HB, Han W, Noh DY, Surh YJ. Interaction of Nrf2 with dimeric STAT3 induces IL-23 expression: Implications for breast cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:147-160. [PMID: 33278500 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent activation of STAT3 and Nrf2 is considered to stimulate the aggressive behavior of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). However, the precise mechanism underlying sustained overactivation of these transcription factors and their roles in breast cancer progression remain elusive. Analysis of the TCGA multi-omics data showed that high levels of STAT3 and Nrf2 mRNA were correlated with elevated expression of P-STAT3Y705 and Nrf2 target proteins in breast cancer patients. Our present study demonstrates a unique interaction between Nrf2 and STAT3 in the maintenance and progression of BLBC. RNA sequencing analysis identified the gene encoding IL-23A upregulated by concurrent binding of STAT3 and Nrf2 to its promoter. IL-23A depletion also showed the similar phenotypic changes to those caused by double knockdown of both transcription factors. In conclusion, the STAT3-Nrf2 interaction accelerates BLBC growth and progression by augmenting IL-23A expression, which underscores the importance of subtype-specific molecular pathways in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Soma Saeidi
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Cho
- Korea Chemical Bank, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03087, South Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03087, South Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03087, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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41
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An Overview of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Inflammation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225474. [PMID: 33238435 PMCID: PMC7700122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key driver in many pathological conditions such as allergy, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and many others, and the current state of available drugs prompted researchers to explore new therapeutic targets. In this context, accumulating evidence indicates that the transcription factor Nrf2 plays a pivotal role controlling the expression of antioxidant genes that ultimately exert anti-inflammatory functions. Nrf2 and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH- associated protein 1 (Keap1), play a central role in the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis and regulation of inflammation. Interestingly, Nrf2 is proved to contribute to the regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis, which is a potent anti-inflammatory target. Recent studies showed a connection between the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system and the expression of inflammatory mediators, NF-κB pathway and macrophage metabolism. This suggests a new strategy for designing chemical agents as modulators of Nrf2 dependent pathways to target the immune response. Therefore, the present review will examine the relationship between Nrf2 signaling and the inflammation as well as possible approaches for the therapeutic modulation of this pathway.
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42
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Li W, Sun K, Hu F, Chen L, Zhang X, Wang F, Yan B. Protective effects of natural compounds against oxidative stress in ischemic diseases and cancers via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway: A mini review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22658. [PMID: 33118292 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, has been seen in the pathological states of many disorders such as ischemic diseases and cancers. Many natural compounds (NCs) have long been recognized to ameliorate oxidative stress due to their inherent antioxidant activities. The modulation of oxidative stress by NCs via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway is summarized in the review. Three NCs, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, and curcumin, and the mechanisms of their cytoprotective effects are investigated in myocardial ischemia, cerebral ischemia, skin cancer, and prostate cancer. To promote the therapeutic performance of NCs with poor water solubility, the formulation approach, such as the nano drug delivery system, is elaborated as well in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- China National Intellectual Property Administration Patent Re-examination and Invalidation Department Pharmaceutical Division, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Departments of Urology, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuxing Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingchun Yan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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43
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NRF2, a Transcription Factor for Stress Response and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134777. [PMID: 32640524 PMCID: PMC7369905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 664] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular defense against toxic and oxidative insults through the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response and drug detoxification. NRF2 activation renders cells resistant to chemical carcinogens and inflammatory challenges. In addition to antioxidant responses, NRF2 is involved in many other cellular processes, including metabolism and inflammation, and its functions are beyond the originally envisioned. NRF2 activity is tightly regulated through a complex transcriptional and post-translational network that enables it to orchestrate the cell’s response and adaptation to various pathological stressors for the homeostasis maintenance. Elevated or decreased NRF2 activity by pharmacological and genetic manipulations of NRF2 activation is associated with many metabolism- or inflammation-related diseases. Emerging evidence shows that NRF2 lies at the center of a complex regulatory network and establishes NRF2 as a truly pleiotropic transcription factor. Here we summarize the complex regulatory network of NRF2 activity and its roles in metabolic reprogramming, unfolded protein response, proteostasis, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, and immunity.
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44
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NR5A2 synergizes with NCOA3 to induce breast cancer resistance to BET inhibitor by upregulating NRF2 to attenuate ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:402-409. [PMID: 32536370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BET inhibitors (BETi) exert an excellent anti-cancer activity in breast cancer. However, the identification of new potential targets to enhance breast cancer sensitivity to BETi is still an enormous challenge. Both NR5A2 and NCOA3 are frequently involved in cancer cells resistance to chemotherapy, also associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. However, the functions of NR5A2 and NCOA3 in BETi resistance remains unknown. In this study, we found that BETi JQ1 and I-BET151 exhibited anti-cancer effects in breast cancer by inducing ferroptosis. NCOA3 as a coactivator synergized with NR5A2 to prevent BETi-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, we identified NR5A2 synergized with NCOA3 to increase expression of NRF2, a transcription factor that controls the expression of many antioxidant genes. Moreover, inhibition of NR5A2 or NCOA3 using small molecule inhibitors enhanced anti-cancer effects of BETi against breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our findings illustrated NR5A2 synergized with NCOA3 to confer breast cancer cells resistance to BETi by induction of NRF2. Inhibition of NR5A2/NCOA3 combined with BETi might be a novel strategy for treatment of breast cancer.
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45
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Panieri E, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Suzen S, Saso L. The NRF2/KEAP1 Axis in the Regulation of Tumor Metabolism: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050791. [PMID: 32443774 PMCID: PMC7277620 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NRF2/KEAP1 pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade that controls multiple cytoprotective responses through the induction of a complex transcriptional program that ultimately renders cancer cells resistant to oxidative, metabolic and therapeutic stress. Interestingly, accumulating evidence in recent years has indicated that metabolic reprogramming is closely interrelated with the regulation of redox homeostasis, suggesting that the disruption of NRF2 signaling might represent a valid therapeutic strategy against a variety of solid and hematologic cancers. These aspects will be the focus of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (L.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4991-2481 (E.P. & L.S.)
| | - Pelin Telkoparan-Akillilar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, 06520 Balgat, Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (L.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4991-2481 (E.P. & L.S.)
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46
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Zhou J, Zhang X, Tang H, Yu J, Zu X, Xie Z, Yang X, Hu J, Tan F, Li Q, Lei X. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in autophagy-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:1-8. [PMID: 32109431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process, is the most important pathogenic events in the development and progression of liver diseases. Deregulation of Nrf2 is proposed to play a key pathogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Under certain pathophysiological conditions, such as oxidative stress, impaired autophagy is accompanied by the Nrf2 activation that leads to the detrimental effects favoring the proliferation and survival of HCC. Elucidating its role and potential mechanism is essential for understanding tumorigenesis and the development of effective clinical application. Nrf2 is participated in HCC proliferation, migration and invasion through autophagy pathways. These includes the negatively regulated-Nrf2 by Keap1 that participates in HCC tumorigenesis via regulating ROS production, in which autophagy may contribute to oxidant metabolic reprogramming of HCC cells. Post-transcriptional modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Nrf2, can be positively or negatively induced by multiple transcription factors. Nrf2 exhibits chemoresistance through its binding sites in the promoter region of the target genes. Nrf2 may be a valuable potential biomarker and therapeutic strategy for diagnostics, prognostics and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Huifang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Juan Hu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Fang Tan
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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47
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Zeng Z, Wang ZY, Li YK, Ye DM, Zeng J, Hu JL, Chen PF, Xiao J, Zou J, Li ZH. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2020; 254:117325. [PMID: 31954159 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that can regulate downstream target gene expression. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) negatively regulates Nrf2 activation and translocation to target its 26S proteasomal degradation. It has been widely reported that the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway is associated with tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance and progression and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of Nrf2 and low abundance of Keap1 contribute to the abnormalities and unrealistic treatment prognosis of NSCLC. Therefore, elucidating the role and potential mechanism of Nrf2 in NSCLC is essential for understanding tumorigenesis and for the development of strategies for effective clinical management. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the molecular structure and biological function of Nrf2, and we discuss the roles of Nrf2 in tumorigenesis, which will further provide a possible therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China
| | - Zi-Yao Wang
- Ultrasound B Imaging Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yu-Kun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Ye
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jia-Li Hu
- Department of Pathology, Jiujiang University Clinic College Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Pi-Feng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jiujiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, PR China
| | - Juan Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China.
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48
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New Insights into the Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Axis and Its Application in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3214196. [PMID: 31827672 PMCID: PMC6885770 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3214196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are one of the most common pediatric diseases in clinical practice. Their pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are thus worthy of further investigation. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling axis is a multiple organ protection chain that protects against oxidative stress injury. This signaling axis regulates anti-inflammation and antioxidation by regulating calcium ions, mitochondrial oxidative stress, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, alkaliptosis, and clockophagy. This review presents an overview of the role of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis in the pathogenesis of pediatric respiratory diseases and the latest research progress on this subject. Overall, the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis has an important clinical value in pediatric respiratory diseases, and its protective effect needs further exploration.
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Hyttinen JMT, Kannan R, Felszeghy S, Niittykoski M, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. The Regulation of NFE2L2 (NRF2) Signalling and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225800. [PMID: 31752195 PMCID: PMC6888570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a mounting cause of loss of sight in the elderly in the developed countries, a trend enhanced by the continual ageing of the population. AMD is a multifactorial and only partly understood, malady. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for most AMD patients. It is known that oxidative stress (OS) damages the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and contributes to the progression of AMD. We review here the potential importance of two OS-related cellular systems in relation to AMD. First, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2; NRF2)-mediated OS response signalling pathway is important in the prevention of oxidative damage and a failure of this system could be critical in the development of AMD. Second, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a change in the cellular phenotype, which ultimately leads to the fibrosis encountered in RPE, a characteristic of AMD. Many of the pathways triggering EMT are promoted by OS. The possible interconnections between these two signalling routes are discussed here. From a broader perspective, the control of NFE2L2 and EMT as ways of preventing OS-derived cellular damage could be potentially valuable in the therapy of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M. T. Hyttinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ram Kannan
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, DVRC 203, 1355 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Niittykoski
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS Kuopio, Finland
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Binding partners of NRF2: Functions and regulatory mechanisms. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 678:108184. [PMID: 31733215 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NRF2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that plays an important role in protecting organisms against diverse types of electrophiles or oxidants. The level of NRF2 is maintained low in normal cells, but highly elevated in cancer provoking chemoresistance or radioresistance. It is now recognized that NRF2 does not merely maintain the redox balance, but also plays significant roles in autophagy, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and stem cell differentiation, all of which could be possibly attributable to the existence of multiple binding proteins. In the present manuscript, we summarize direct binding partners of NRF2 and illustrate how they bind to NRF2 and regulate its stability or activity.
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