1
|
Wang F, Wang W, Wang M, Chen D. Genetic landscape of breast cancer subtypes following radiation therapy: insights from comprehensive profiling. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1291509. [PMID: 38380359 PMCID: PMC10878167 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1291509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In breast cancer, in the era of precision cancer therapy, different patterns of genetic mutations dictate different treatments options. However, it is not clear whether the genetic profiling of breast cancer patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery is related to the adverse reactions caused by radiotherapy. Methods We collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue samples from 54 breast cancer patients treated with radiation after breast-conserving surgery and identified comprehensive molecular information in hundreds of cancer-associated genes by FoundationOne CDx (F1CDx), a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based assay. Results Among our cohort of 54 breast cancer patients, we found high-frequency mutations in cancer-related genes such as TP53 (56%), RAD21 (39%), PIK3CA (35%), ERBB2 (24%), and MYC (22%). Strikingly, we detected that the WNT pathway appears to be a signaling pathway with specific high-frequency mutations in the HER2 subtype. We also compared the mutation frequencies of the two groups of patients with and without cutaneous radiation injury (CRI) after radiotherapy and found that the mutation frequencies of two genes, FGFR1 and KLHL6, were significantly higher in patients with CRI : No subgroup than in those with CRI : Yes. Conclusion Different breast cancer subtypes have their own type-specific mutation patterns. FGFR1 and KLHL6 mutations are protective factors for radiation-induced skin toxicity in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Minglei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ling J, Tang Z, Yang W, Li Y, Dong X. Pygo2 activates BRPF1 via Pygo2-H3K4me2/3 interaction to maintain malignant progression in colon cancer. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113696. [PMID: 37423512 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have essential roles during colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) progression. As the coactivator of Wnt/b-catenin signaling, Pygopus 2 (Pygo2) binds H3K4me2/3 and participate in chromatin remodeling in multiple cancers. However, It remains unclear whether the Pygo2-H3K4me2/3 association has significance in COAD. We aimed to elucidate the roles of Pygo2 in COAD. Functionally, Pygo2 inhibition attenuated cell proliferation, self-renewal capacities in vitro. Pygo2 overexpression enhanced in vivo tumor growth. Besides, Pygo2 overexpression could also enhance cell migration ability and in vivo distal metastasis. Mechanistically, Pygo2 correlates positively with BRPF1 expressions, one epigenetic reader of histone acetylation. The luciferase reporter assay and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay were used to find that Pygo2 coordinated with H3K4me2/3 modifications to activate BRPF1 transcriptions via binding to the promoter. Both Pygo2 and BRPF1 expressed highly in tumors and Pygo2 relied on BRPF1 to accelerate COAD progression, including cell proliferation rate, migration abilities, stemness features and in vivo tumor growth. Targeting BPRF1 (GSK5959) is effective to suppress in vitro growth of Pygo2high cell lines, and has mild effect on Pygo2low cells. The subcutaneous tumor model further demonstrated that GSK5959 could effectively suppress the in vivo growth of Pygo2high COAD, but not the Pygo2low subtype. Collectively, our study represented Pygo2/BRPF1 as an epigenetic vulnerability for COAD treatment with predictive significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ling
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijie Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Groenewald W, Lund AH, Gay DM. The Role of WNT Pathway Mutations in Cancer Development and an Overview of Therapeutic Options. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070990. [PMID: 37048063 PMCID: PMC10093220 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that mutations in the canonical WNT-signalling pathway play a major role in various cancers. Critical to developing new therapeutic strategies is understanding which cancers are driven by WNT pathway activation and at what level these mutations occur within the pathway. Some cancers harbour mutations in genes whose protein products operate at the receptor level of the WNT pathway. For instance, tumours with RNF43 or RSPO mutations, still require exogenous WNT ligands to drive WNT signalling (ligand-dependent mutations). Conversely, mutations within the cytoplasmic segment of the Wnt pathway, such as in APC and CTNNB1, lead to constitutive WNT pathway activation even in the absence of WNT ligands (ligand-independent). Here, we review the predominant driving mutations found in cancer that lead to WNT pathway activation, as well as explore some of the therapeutic interventions currently available against tumours harbouring either ligand-dependent or ligand-independent mutations. Finally, we discuss a potentially new therapeutic avenue by targeting the translational apparatus downstream from WNT signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wibke Groenewald
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Michael Gay
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang D, Liu Y, Wu Q, Zheng Y, Kaweme NM, Zhang Z, Cai M, Dong Y. Pygo2 as a novel biomarker in gastric cancer for monitoring drug resistance by upregulating MDR1. J Cancer 2021; 12:2952-2959. [PMID: 33854595 PMCID: PMC8040896 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the main therapy for gastric cancer (GC) both before and after surgery, but the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) often leads to disease progression and recurrence. P-glycoprotein, encoded by MDR1, is a well-known multidrug efflux transporter involved in drug resistance development. Pygo2 overexpression has been identified in several cancers. Previous studies have shown that abnormal expression of Pygo2 is related to tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and tumor progression. In this study, to evaluate the underlying relationship between Pygo2 and MDR1 in GC, we constructed GC drug-resistant cell lines, SGC7901/cis-platinum (DDP), and collected tissue from GC patients' pre-and post-chemotherapy. We found that Pygo2 was overexpressed in GC, especially in GC drug-resistant cell lines and GC patients who underwent neoadjuvant DDP-based chemotherapy. Pygo2 overexpression may precede MDR1 and correlates with MDR1 in GC patients. Furthermore, knock-down of Pygo2 induced downregulation of MDR1 and restored SGC7901/DDP's sensitivity to DDP. Further mechanistic analysis demonstrated that Pygo2 could modulate MDR1 transcription by binding to the MDR1 promoter region and promoting MDR1 activation. The overall findings reveal that Pygo2 may be a promising biomarker for monitoring drug resistance in GC by regulating MDR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiuwan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Yahong Zheng
- Xiamen Huli District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 361005 Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | | | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingquan Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Youhong Dong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Shao X, Cao J, Zhu H, Yang B, He Q, Ying M. Phosphorylation regulates cullin-based ubiquitination in tumorigenesis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:309-321. [PMID: 33643814 PMCID: PMC7893081 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) recognize and interact with substrates for ubiquitination and degradation, and can be targeted for disease treatment when the abnormal expression of substrates involves pathologic processes. Phosphorylation, either of substrates or receptors of CRLs, can alter their interaction. Phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and proteasome degradation influence various cellular processes and can contribute to the occurrence of various diseases, most often tumorigenesis. These processes have the potential to be used for tumor intervention through the regulation of the activities of related kinases, along with the regulation of the stability of specific oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. This review describes the mechanisms and biological functions of crosstalk between phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and most importantly its influence on tumorigenesis, to provide new directions and strategies for tumor therapy.
Collapse
Key Words
- AIRE, autoimmune regulator
- AKT, AKT serine/threonine kinase
- ATR, ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related
- BCL2, BCL2 apoptosis regulator
- BMAL1, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like
- CDK2/4, cyclin dependent kinase 2/4
- CDT2, denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog
- CHK1, checkpoint kinase 1
- CK1/2, casein kinase I/II
- CLOCK, clock circadian regulator
- COMMD1, copper metabolism domain containing 1
- CRL, cullin-RING ligase
- CRY1, cryptochrome circadian regulator 1
- CSN, COP9 signalosome
- Ci, cubitus interruptus
- Crosstalk
- Cullin-RING ligases
- DDB1, damage specific DNA binding protein 1
- DYRK1A/B, dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinases 1A/B
- Degradation
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ERG, ETS transcription factor ERG
- ERK, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
- EXO1, exonuclease 1
- FBW7, F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7
- FBXL3, F-box and leucine rich repeat protein
- FBXO3/31, F-box protein 3/31
- FZR1, fizzy and cell division cycle 20 related 1
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinomas
- HIB, Hedghog-induced MATH and BTB domain-containing protein
- HIF1α, NF-κB and hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha
- ID2, inhibitor of DNA binding 2
- JAB1, c-Jun activation domain binding protein-1
- KBTBD8, kelch repeat and BTB domain containing 8
- KDM2B, lysine demethylase 2B
- KEAP1, kelch like ECH associated protein 1
- KLHL3, kelch like family member 3
- KRAS, KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase
- Kinases
- MYC, MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor
- NEDD8, NEDD8 ubiquitin like modifier
- NOLC1, nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1
- NRF2, nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2
- P-TEFb, positive transcription elongation factor b
- PDL1, programmed death ligand 1
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PKM2, pyruvate kinase M2 isoform
- PYGO2, pygopus 2
- Phosphorylation
- RA, retinoic acid
- RARα, RA receptor α
- RRM2, ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2
- SNAIL1, snail family transcriptional repressor 1
- SOCS6, suppressor of cytokine signaling 6
- SPOP, speckle-type POZ protein
- SRC-3, nuclear receptor coactivator 3
- TCN, triciribine hydrate
- TCOF1, treacle ribosome biogenesis factor 1
- TRF1, telomeric repeat binding factor 1
- Targeted therapy
- Tumorigenesis
- USP37, ubiquitin specific peptidase 37
- Ubiquitination
- VHL, von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor
- Vps34, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3
- XBP1, X-box binding protein 1
- ZBTB16, zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16
- c-Fos, Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit
- p130Cas, BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member
Collapse
|
6
|
Structure and function of Pygo in organ development dependent and independent Wnt signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1781-1794. [PMID: 32677664 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pygo is a nuclear protein containing two conserved domains, NHD and PHD, which play important roles in embryonic development and carcinogenesis. Pygo was first identified as a core component of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. However, it has also been reported that the function of Pygo is not always Wnt/β-catenin signalling dependent. In this review, we summarise the functions of both domains of Pygo and show that their functions are synergetic. The PHD domain mainly combines with transcription co-factors, including histone 3 and Bcl9/9l. The NHD domain mainly recruits histone methyltransferase/acetyltransferase (HMT/HAT) to modify lysine 4 of the histone 3 tail (H3K4) and interacts with Chip/LIM-domain DNA-binding proteins (ChiLS) to form enhanceosomes to regulate transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we summarised chromatin modification differences of Pygo in Drosophila (dPygo) and vertebrates, and found that Pygo displayes a chromatin silencing function in Drosophila, while in vertebates, Pygo has a chromatin-activating function due to the two substitution of two amino acid residues. Next, we confirmed the relationship between Pygo and Bcl9/9l and found that Pygo-Bcl/9l are specifically partnered both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Finally, we discuss whether transcriptional activity of Pygo is Wnt/β-catenin dependent during embryonic development. Available information indications that the transcriptional activity of Pygo in embryonic development is either Wnt/β-catenin dependent or independent in both tissue-specific and cell-specific-modes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Saxena M, Kalathur RKR, Rubinstein N, Vettiger A, Sugiyama N, Neutzner M, Coto-Llerena M, Kancherla V, Ercan C, Piscuoglio S, Fischer J, Fagiani E, Cantù C, Basler K, Christofori G. A Pygopus 2-Histone Interaction Is Critical for Cancer Cell Dedifferentiation and Progression in Malignant Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3631-3648. [PMID: 32586983 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pygopus 2 (Pygo2) is a coactivator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that can bind bi- or trimethylated lysine 4 of histone-3 (H3K4me2/3) and participate in chromatin reading and writing. It remains unknown whether the Pygo2-H3K4me2/3 association has a functional relevance in breast cancer progression in vivo. To investigate the functional relevance of histone-binding activity of Pygo2 in malignant progression of breast cancer, we generated a knock-in mouse model where binding of Pygo2 to H3K4me2/3 was rendered ineffective. Loss of Pygo2-histone interaction resulted in smaller, differentiated, and less metastatic tumors, due, in part, to decreased canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. RNA- and ATAC-sequencing analyses of tumor-derived cell lines revealed downregulation of TGFβ signaling and upregulation of differentiation pathways such as PDGFR signaling. Increased differentiation correlated with a luminal cell fate that could be reversed by inhibition of PDGFR activity. Mechanistically, the Pygo2-histone interaction potentiated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, in part, by repressing the expression of Wnt signaling antagonists. Furthermore, Pygo2 and β-catenin regulated the expression of miR-29 family members, which, in turn, repressed PDGFR expression to promote dedifferentiation of wild-type Pygo2 mammary epithelial tumor cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the histone binding function of Pygo2 is important for driving dedifferentiation and malignancy of breast tumors, and loss of this binding activates various differentiation pathways that attenuate primary tumor growth and metastasis formation. Interfering with the Pygo2-H3K4me2/3 interaction may therefore serve as an attractive therapeutic target for metastatic breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Pygo2 represents a potential therapeutic target in metastatic breast cancer, as its histone-binding capability promotes β-catenin-mediated Wnt signaling and transcriptional control in breast cancer cell dedifferentiation, EMT, and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Andrea Vettiger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nami Sugiyama
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Neutzner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Caner Ercan
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonas Fischer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernesta Fagiani
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choi H, Jin S, Cho H, Won H, An HW, Jeong G, Park Y, Kim H, Park MK, Son T, Min K, Jang K, Oh Y, Lee J, Kong G. CDK12 drives breast tumor initiation and trastuzumab resistance via WNT and IRS1-ErbB-PI3K signaling. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48058. [PMID: 31468695 PMCID: PMC6776914 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) has emerged as an effective therapeutic target due to its ability to regulate DNA damage repair in human cancers, but little is known about the role of CDK12 in driving tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that CDK12 promotes tumor initiation as a novel regulator of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and induces anti-HER2 therapy resistance in human breast cancer. High CDK12 expression caused by concurrent amplification of CDK12 and HER2 in breast cancer patients is associated with disease recurrence and poor survival. CDK12 induces self-renewal of breast CSCs and in vivo tumor-initiating ability, and also reduces susceptibility to trastuzumab. Furthermore, CDK12 kinase activity inhibition facilitates anticancer efficacy of trastuzumab in HER2+ tumors, and mice bearing trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ tumor show sensitivity to an inhibitor of CDK12. Mechanistically, the catalytic activity of CDK12 is required for the expression of genes involved in the activation of ErbB-PI3K-AKT or WNT-signaling cascades. These results suggest that CDK12 is a major oncogenic driver and an actionable target for HER2+ breast cancer to replace or augment current anti-HER2 therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee‐Joo Choi
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR)Hanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sora Jin
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hani Cho
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hee‐Young Won
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hee Woon An
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ga‐Young Jeong
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Young‐Un Park
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyung‐Yong Kim
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | | | - Taekwon Son
- College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Kyueng‐Whan Min
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ki‐Seok Jang
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Young‐Ha Oh
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jeong‐Yeon Lee
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Gu Kong
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR)Hanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulKorea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Andrews PGP, Popadiuk C, Belbin TJ, Kao KR. Augmentation of Myc-Dependent Mitotic Gene Expression by the Pygopus2 Chromatin Effector. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1516-1529. [PMID: 29719262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic segregation of chromosomes requires precise coordination of many factors, yet evidence is lacking as to how genes encoding these elements are transcriptionally controlled. Here, we found that the Pygopus (Pygo)2 chromatin effector is indispensable for expression of the MYC-dependent genes that regulate cancer cell division. Depletion of Pygo2 arrested SKOV-3 cells at metaphase, which resulted from the failure of chromosomes to capture spindle microtubules, a critical step for chromosomal biorientation and segregation. This observation was consistent with global chromatin association findings in HeLa S3 cells, revealing the enrichment of Pygo2 and MYC at promoters of biorientation and segmentation genes, at which Pygo2 maintained histone H3K27 acetylation. Immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays demonstrated MYC and Pygo2 interacting in nuclei, corroborated in a heterologous MYC-driven prostate cancer model that was distinct from Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our evidence supports a role for Pygo2 as an essential component of MYC oncogenic activity required for mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip G P Andrews
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Labs, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Catherine Popadiuk
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Thomas J Belbin
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kenneth R Kao
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Labs, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xie YY, Mo CL, Cai YH, Wang WJ, Hong XX, Zhang KK, Liu QF, Liu YJ, Hong JJ, He T, Zheng ZZ, Mo W, Li BA. Pygo2 Regulates Adiposity and Glucose Homeostasis via β-Catenin-Axin2-GSK3β Signaling Pathway. Diabetes 2018; 67:2569-2584. [PMID: 30279163 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in regulating adipogenesis through indirectly inhibiting the expression of C/EBPα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ); however, the detailed molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Moreover, the factor(s) that determines the Wnt/β-catenin output level during adipogenesis is also not completely defined. In this study, we showed that Pygo2 exhibited a declined expression pattern during adipocyte differentiation, resulting in an attenuated Wnt/β-catenin output level. The mechanism study indicated that Pygo2 inhibition led to the downregulation of Axin2, a constitutive Wnt target, in the cytoplasm. Consequently, Axin2-bound GSK3β was released and translocated into the nucleus to phosphorylate C/EBPβ and Snail, resulting in an increase in the DNA binding activity of C/EBPβ and decreased protein stability of Snail, which subsequently activated the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ. Consistent with this, embryonic fibroblasts from Pygo2-/- mice exhibited spontaneous adipocyte differentiation, and adipocyte precursor-specific Pygo2-deficient mice exhibited increased adiposity with decreased energy expenditure. We further showed impaired glucose tolerance and decreased systemic insulin sensitivity in Pygo2-deficient mice. Our study revealed an association between Pygo2 function and obesity or diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chun-Li Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Huang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xin-Xin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kun-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yun-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing-Jing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bo-An Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang Y, Wang C, Chen A, Zhu L, Zhang J, Jiang P, Yue Q, De G. Immunohistochemistry analysis of Pygo2 expression in central nervous system tumors. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:75-84. [PMID: 29978348 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pygo2 as a Wnt signaling pathway component has been detected in multiple cancer types. In this study, we identified Pygo2 expression features by immunohistochemistry in 73 central nervous system tumor specimens, in comparison with 14 normal brain tissues and surrounding non-tumorous tissues of tumor. Our study indicated that 59% of the patient tumor specimens exhibited positive Pygo2-staining and increases intensity with the grade of malignancy, especially for WHO grade III and IV gliomas, was observed high level expression, compared with normal brain tissues. Five out of nine WHO grade III anaplastic astrocytomas and seven out of nine WHO grade IV glioblastomas showed Pygo2-positive staining. The analysis of Pygo2 gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR of additional ten fresh patient samples yielded similar results. Further studies performed with stable cell lines in vitro demonstrated that Pygo2 render cells higher proliferation rate, migration and anchorage-independent colony-forming ability in soft agar. Taken together, our studies suggest an important role of Pygo2 in brain tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- Laboratory Medicine College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoxi Wang
- Laboratory Medicine College, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Apeng Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Pucha Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoxin Yue
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gejing De
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zimmerli D, Hausmann G, Cantù C, Basler K. Pharmacological interventions in the Wnt pathway: inhibition of Wnt secretion versus disrupting the protein-protein interfaces of nuclear factors. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4600-4610. [PMID: 28521071 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in components of the Wnt pathways are a frequent cause of many human diseases, particularly cancer. Despite the fact that a causative link between aberrant Wnt signalling and many types of human cancers was established more than a decade ago, no Wnt signalling inhibitors have made it into the clinic so far. One reason for this is that no pathway-specific kinase is known. Additionally, targeting the protein-protein interactions needed to transduce the signal has not met with success so far. Complicating the search for and use of inhibitors is the complexity of the cascades triggered by the Wnts and their paramount biological importance. Wnt/β-catenin signalling is involved in virtually all aspects of embryonic development and in the control of the homeostasis of adult tissues. Encouragingly, however, in recent years, first successes with Wnt-pathway inhibitors have been reported in mouse models of disease. In this review, we summarize possible roads to follow during the quest to pharmacologically modulate the Wnt signalling pathway in cancer. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Zimmerli
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - George Hausmann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu H, Jiang Y, Liu L, Shan W, Chu X, Yang Z, Yang ZQ. Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis for pinpointing recurrent alterations of plant homeodomain genes and their clinical significance in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13099-13115. [PMID: 28055972 PMCID: PMC5355080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of the epigenetic effectors that regulate chromatin modification, gene expression, genomic stability, and DNA repair contain structurally conserved domains called plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. Alternations of several PHD finger-containing proteins (PHFs) due to genomic amplification, mutations, deletions, and translocations have been linked directly to various types of cancer. However, little is known about the genomic landscape and the clinical significance of PHFs in breast cancer. Hence, we performed a large-scale genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 98 PHF genes in breast cancer using TCGA and METABRIC datasets and correlated the recurrent alterations with clinicopathological features and survival of patients. Different subtypes of breast cancer had different patterns of copy number and expression for each PHF. We identified a subset of PHF genes that was recurrently altered with high prevalence, including PYGO2 (pygopus family PHD finger 2), ZMYND8 (zinc finger, MYND-type containing 8), ASXL1 (additional sex combs like 1) and CHD3 (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 3). Copy number increase and overexpression of ZMYND8 were more prevalent in Luminal B subtypes and were significantly associated with shorter survival of breast cancer patients. ZMYND8 was also involved in a positive feedback circuit of the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway, and the expression of ZMYND8 was repressed by the bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) inhibitor in breast cancer. Our findings suggest a promising avenue for future research-to focus on a subset of PHFs to better understand the molecular mechanisms and to identify therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lanxin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wenqi Shan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaofang Chu
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zeng-Quan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qin WY, Lv LY, Zhou CF, Chen XZ, Tang JF. Role of Pygo2 in tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4589-4595. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i34.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pygo2, a vital component of the Wnt signaling pathway that was recently discovered, has been reported to be closely related to the tumorigenesis of several types of malignant tumors. There are two highly conservative domains named NHD in the N terminus and PHD in the C terminus of Pygo2. Previous studies have shown that the Pygo2 PHD domain can act as a protein code reader to link the chromatin remodeling complex to specific changes in gene transcription, as demonstrated for the Wnt target genes. Furthermore, the activity of the chromatin remodeling is further facilitated by the recruiting of histone methyltransferase and acetyltransferase through the interaction with the Pygo2 NHD domain. However, the molecular mechanism of Pygo2 in the tumor development is still poorly understood. In the present study, we intend to review the structure and role of Pygo2 in tumor progression.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wnt/β-catenin-dependent acetylation of Pygo2 by CBP/p300 histone acetyltransferase family members. Biochem J 2016; 473:4193-4203. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pygopus 2 (Pygo2) is a chromatin effector that plays an essential role in canonical Wnt signaling associated with development and stem cell growth. Its function is to facilitate histone acetylation by recruitment of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) at active sites of β-catenin-mediated transcription. In the present study, we report that Pygo2 itself is transiently acetylated when bound to the activated TCF/β-catenin transcription complex, which correlated with β-catenin binding and Axin2 gene activation. The HAT CBP/p300, but not GCN5/PCAF, targeted specific lysine residues of the N-terminal homology domain of Pygo2 for acetylation. Functional analyses revealed that the presence of CBP and p300 increased the association of Pygo2 with GCN5, independent of Pygo2 acetylation status. Finally, while acetylation of Pygo2 had little effect on active β-catenin complex formation, p300-mediated Pygo2 acetylation resulted in the displacement of Pygo2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by targeting specific lysine residues in the Pygo2 nuclear localization sequence. Taken together, these findings are consistent with a model in which acetylation of Pygo2 by CBP/p300 family members in the active TCF/β-catenin complex occurs coincident with histone acetylation and may be required for the recycling of Pygo2 away from the complex subsequent to target gene activation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tzenov YR, Andrews P, Voisey K, Gai L, Carter B, Whelan K, Popadiuk C, Kao KR. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and betulinic acid act synergistically to target ERα and SP1 transcription factor dependent Pygopus expression in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:518-26. [PMID: 26645832 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor (ER and PR) expression in invasive breast cancer predicts response to hormone disruptive therapy. Pygopus2 (hPYGO2) encodes a chromatin remodelling protein important for breast cancer growth and cell cycle progression. The aims of this study were to determine the mechanism of expression of hPYGO2 in breast cancer and to examine how this expression is affected therapeutically. METHODS hPYGO2 and ER protein expression was examined in a breast tumour microarray by immunohistochemistry. hPYGO2 RNA and protein expression was examined in ER+ and ER- breast cancer cell lines in the presence of selective estrogen hormone receptor modulator drugs and the specificity protein-1 (SP1) inhibitor, betulinic acid (BA). The effects of these drugs on the ability for ER and SP1 to bind the hPYGO2 promoter and affect cell cycle progression were studied using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS hPYGO2 was expressed in seven of eight lines and in nuclei of 98% of 65 breast tumours, including 3 Ductal carcinoma in situ and 62 invasive specimens representing ER-negative (22%) and ER-positive (78%) cases. Treatment with either 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) or fulvestrant reduced hPYGO2 mRNA 10-fold and protein 5-10-fold within 4 h. Promoter analysis indicated an ER/SP1 binding site at nt -225 to -531 of hPYGO2. SP1 RNA interference and BA reduced hPYGO2 protein and RNA expression by fivefold in both ER- and ER+ cells. Further attenuation was achieved by combining BA and 4-OHT resulting in eightfold reduction in cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a mechanistic link between hormone signalling and the growth transcriptional programme. The activation of its expression by ERα and/or SP1 suggests hPYGO2 as a theranostic target for hormone therapy responsive and refractory breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youlian R Tzenov
- Divisions of BioMedical Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Phillip Andrews
- Divisions of BioMedical Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kim Voisey
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Luis Gai
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Beverley Carter
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kathryn Whelan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth R Kao
- Divisions of BioMedical Science, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Division of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pygo2 activates MDR1 expression and mediates chemoresistance in breast cancer via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncogene 2016; 35:4787-97. [PMID: 26876203 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has important roles in chemoresistance and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) expression in some cancers, but its involvement in breast cancer and the underlying molecular mechanism are undefined. In this study, we demonstrated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is activated in chemoresistant breast cancer cells. Using a Wnt pathway-specific PCR array screening assay, we detected that Pygo2, a newly identified Wnt/β-catenin pathway component, was the most upregulated gene in the resistant cells. Additional experiments indicated that Pygo2 activated MDR1 expression in the resistant cells via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, the inhibition of Pygo2 expression restored the chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity of the resistant cells and reduced the breast cancer stem cell population in these cells in response to chemotherapy. Importantly, these activities induced by Pygo2 were mediated by MDR1. We also determined the effect of Pygo2 on the sensitivity of breast tumors resistant to doxorubicin in a mouse model. Finally, RNA samples from 64 paired patient tumors (before and after chemotherapy) highly and significantly overexpressed Pygo2 and/or MDR1 after treatment, thus underlining a pivotal role for the Pygo2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the clinical chemoresistance of breast cancer. Our data represent the first implication of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in breast cancer chemoresistance and identify potential new targets to treat the recurrence of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li W, Zhu C, Wu Y, Wang Z, Zhu C. Increased Pygo2 expression in liver of patients with hepatitis B virus-related fibrosis. Liver Int 2015; 35:2522-9. [PMID: 26013055 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It has been reported that Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway played a key role in liver fibrosis and that Pygo2 was an important mediator in β-catenin induced pathway. However, the role of Pygo2 in liver fibrogenesis was unknown. Our study was to investigate the expression of Pygo2 and its diagnostic value in patients with HBV-related liver fibrosis. METHODS Hundred and sixty-four patients with HBV infection underwent liver biopsy and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (Fibroscan(®) ; Echosens). Liver function was tested by routine biochemical examinations. Liver condition was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining. The expression of Pygo2 in liver tissue was measured by Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, while the serum levels of Pygo2 were detected by ELISA. The relationship between degree of liver fibrosis and Pygo2 expression was assessed by correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of serum Pygo2, LSM and their combination. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of Pygo2 in HBV-infected patients were all higher than in normal persons (P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, Pygo2 expression increased along with the progression of liver fibrosis (P < 0.05 respectively). The trend of serum Pygo2 agreed with its expression in liver tissue. The combination of serum Pygo2 and LSM had a significantly higher area under the curve than Pygo2 or LSM alone (P < 0.05 respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that Pygo2 was involved in HBV-induced liver fibrogenesis. Pygo2 is a valuable biomarker for the evaluation of fibrosis in HBV-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanbo Wu
- Department of Neurology, Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Q, Li Y, Gu B, Fang L, Zhou P, Bao S, Huang L, Dai X. Akt Phosphorylates Wnt Coactivator and Chromatin Effector Pygo2 at Serine 48 to Antagonize Its Ubiquitin/Proteasome-mediated Degradation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21553-67. [PMID: 26170450 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.639419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pygopus 2 (Pygo2/PYGO2) is an evolutionarily conserved coactivator and chromatin effector in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and differentiation in various normal and malignant tissues. Although PYGO2 is highly overexpressed in a number of human cancers, the molecular mechanism underlying its deregulation is largely unknown. Here we report that Pygo2 protein is degraded through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and is posttranslationally stabilized through phosphorylation by activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling. Specifically, Pygo2 is stabilized upon inhibition of the proteasome, and its intracellular level is regulated by Cullin 4 (Cul4) and DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1), components of the Cul4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Furthermore, Pygo2 is phosphorylated at multiple residues, and Akt-mediated phosphorylation at serine 48 leads to its decreased ubiquitylation and increased stability. Finally, we provide evidence that Akt and its upstream growth factors act in parallel with Wnt to stabilize Pygo2. Taken together, our findings highlight chromatin regulator Pygo2 as a common node downstream of oncogenic Wnt and Akt signaling pathways and underscore posttranslational modification, particularly phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, as a significant mode of regulation of Pygo2 protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Li
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, the State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Center for Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Yuewei Li
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Bingnan Gu
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Shilai Bao
- the State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Center for Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,
| | - Xing Dai
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zatula N, Wiese M, Bunzendahl J, Birchmeier W, Perske C, Bleckmann A, Brembeck FH. The BCL9-2 proto-oncogene governs estrogen receptor alpha expression in breast tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6770-87. [PMID: 25149534 PMCID: PMC4196162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of human breast cancers express estrogen receptor alpha (ER), which is important for therapy with anti-estrogens. Here we describe the role of BCL9-2, a proto-oncogene previously characterized as co-activator of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, for mammary tumorigenesis in mice and human. ER positive human breast cancers showed overexpression of BCL9-2 and tamoxifen treated patients with high BCL9-2 demonstrated a better survival. BCL9-2 was upregulated during puberty and pregnancy in normal mammary epithelia, but downregulated in the involuted gland. BCL9-2 overexpression in vivo delayed the mammary involution and induced alveolar hyperplasia. Moreover, aged BCL9-2 transgenic mice developed ductal-like mammary tumors with high nuclear ER expression. We found, that primary cell cultures of BCL9-2 breast tumors responded to tamoxifen treatment. Moreover, BCL9-2 regulated the expression of ER and the proliferation of human breast cancer cells independently of ß-catenin. Finally, we describe a novel mechanism, how BCL9-2 regulates ER transcription by interaction with Sp1 through the proximal ESR1 gene promoter. In summary, BCL9-2 induces ER positive breast cancers in vivo, regulates ER expression by a novel ß-catenin independent mechanism in breast cancer cells, and might predict the therapy response to tamoxifen treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Zatula
- Tumor Biology and Signal Transduction, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany. Dept. of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Wiese
- Tumor Biology and Signal Transduction, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany. Dept. of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bunzendahl
- Tumor Biology and Signal Transduction, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany. Dept. of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Dept. of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix H Brembeck
- Tumor Biology and Signal Transduction, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany. Dept. of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li M, Chao L, Wu J, Xu H, Shen S, Chen S, Gao X, Yu N, Wang Z. Pygo2 siRNA Inhibit the Growth and Increase Apoptosis of U251 Cell by Suppressing Histone H3K4 Trimethylation. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:949-955. [PMID: 25869613 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutic strategies for glioma requires the identification of molecular targets involved in malignancy. Pygopus (Pygo) is a new discovered and specific downstream component of canonical Wnt signaling. Our previous study has demonstrated that Pygo2 is highly expressed in and promotes the growth of glioma cells. However, the role of Pygo2 in glioma remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the role of Pygo2 in human glioma U251 cells and showed that knocking down of the expression of Pygo2 in U251 cells using lentivirally expressed siRNA have inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis through decreasing H3K4me3 expression. Moreover, we found Pygo2 was enriched in U251 glioma cancer stem-like cells and Pygo2 siRNA resulted in a reduced number as well as size of tumor spheres. According to our result, this paper now links mechanistically Pygo2's role in histone modification to its enhancement/reduction of proliferation/apoptosis in glioma cells and indicate that Pygo2 may play an important role in self-renew and proliferation in U251 glioma cancer stem-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingcong Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350103, The People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Chao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350103, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361003, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanghan Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361003, The People's Republic of China
| | - Sifang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361003, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350103, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361003, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361003, The People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miller TR, Rutherford TJ, Birchall K, Chugh J, Fiedler M, Bienz M. Competitive binding of a benzimidazole to the histone-binding pocket of the Pygo PHD finger. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2864-74. [PMID: 25323450 PMCID: PMC4330097 DOI: 10.1021/cb500585s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Pygo-BCL9 complex is a chromatin reader, facilitating β-catenin-mediated oncogenesis, and is thus emerging as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Its function relies on two ligand-binding surfaces of Pygo's PHD finger that anchor the histone H3 tail methylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me) with assistance from the BCL9 HD1 domain. Here, we report the first use of fragment-based screening by NMR to identify small molecules that block protein-protein interactions by a PHD finger. This led to the discovery of a set of benzothiazoles that bind to a cleft emanating from the PHD-HD1 interface, as defined by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, we discovered a benzimidazole that docks into the H3K4me specificity pocket and displaces the native H3K4me peptide from the PHD finger. Our study demonstrates the ligandability of the Pygo-BCL9 complex and uncovers a privileged scaffold as a template for future development of lead inhibitors of oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
C. R. Miller
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor J. Rutherford
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Birchall
- MRC
Technology, 1-3 Burtonhole
Lane, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AD, United Kingdom
| | - Jasveen Chugh
- MRC
Technology, 1-3 Burtonhole
Lane, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AD, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Fiedler
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pygo2 regulates β-catenin-induced activation of hair follicle stem/progenitor cells and skin hyperplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:10215-20. [PMID: 24982158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311395111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that control the activation of adult stem cells holds the promise of tissue and organ regeneration. Hair follicle stem cells have emerged as a prime model to study stem cell activation. Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls multiple aspects of skin epithelial regeneration, with its excessive activity promoting the hyperactivation of hair follicle stem/progenitor cells and tumorigenesis. The contribution of chromatin factors in regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway function in these processes is unknown. Here, we show that chromatin effector Pygopus homolog 2 (Pygo2) produced by the epithelial cells facilitates depilation-induced hair regeneration, as well as β-catenin-induced activation of hair follicle stem/early progenitor cells and trichofolliculoma-like skin hyperplasia. Pygo2 maximizes the expression of Wnt/β-catenin targets, but is dispensable for β-catenin-mediated expansion of LIM/homeobox protein Lhx2(+) cells, in the stem/early progenitor cell compartment of the hair follicle. Moreover, β-catenin and Pygo2 converge to induce the accumulation and acetylation of tumor suppressor protein p53 upon the cell cycle entry of hair follicle early progenitor cells and in cultured keratinocytes. These findings identify Pygo2 as an important regulator of Wnt/β-catenin function in skin epithelia and p53 activation as a prominent downstream event of β-catenin/Pygo2 action in stem cell activation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Watanabe K, Villarreal-Ponce A, Sun P, Salmans ML, Fallahi M, Andersen B, Dai X. Mammary morphogenesis and regeneration require the inhibition of EMT at terminal end buds by Ovol2 transcriptional repressor. Dev Cell 2014; 29:59-74. [PMID: 24735879 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells possess remarkable plasticity, having the ability to become mesenchymal cells through alterations in adhesion and motility (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition [EMT]). However, how epithelial plasticity is kept in check in epithelial cells during tissue development and regeneration remains to be fully understood. Here we show that restricting the EMT of mammary epithelial cells by transcription factor Ovol2 is required for proper morphogenesis and regeneration. Deletion of Ovol2 blocks mammary ductal morphogenesis, depletes stem and progenitor cell reservoirs, and leads epithelial cells to undergo EMT in vivo to become nonepithelial cell types. Ovol2 directly represses myriad EMT inducers, and its absence switches response to TGF-β from growth arrest to EMT. Furthermore, forced expression of the repressor isoform of Ovol2 is able to reprogram metastatic breast cancer cells from a mesenchymal to an epithelial state. Our findings underscore the critical importance of exquisitely regulating epithelial plasticity in development and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Watanabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alvaro Villarreal-Ponce
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael L Salmans
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Magid Fallahi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, resistance to therapies and disease recurrence are significant hurdles to successful treatment of breast cancer. Identifying mechanisms by which cancer spreads, survives treatment regimes and regenerates more aggressive tumors are critical to improving patient survival. Substantial evidence gathered over the last 10 years suggests that breast cancer progression and recurrence is supported by cancer stem cells (CSCs). Understanding how CSCs form and how they contribute to the pathology of breast cancer will greatly aid the pursuit of novel therapies targeted at eliminating these cells. This review will summarize what is currently known about the origins of breast CSCs, their role in disease progression and ways in which they may be targeted therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Owens
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gu B, Watanabe K, Sun P, Fallahi M, Dai X. Chromatin effector Pygo2 mediates Wnt-notch crosstalk to suppress luminal/alveolar potential of mammary stem and basal cells. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 13:48-61. [PMID: 23684539 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms regulating lineage differentiation of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) remain poorly understood. Pygopus 2 (Pygo2) is a histone methylation reader and a context-dependent Wnt/β-catenin coactivator. Here we provide evidence for Pygo2's function in suppressing luminal/alveolar differentiation of MaSC-enriched basal cells. We show that Pygo2-deficient MaSC/basal cells exhibit partial molecular resemblance to luminal cells, such as elevated Notch signaling and reduced mammary repopulating capability upon transplantation. Inhibition of Notch signaling suppresses basal-level and Pygo2-deficiency-induced luminal/alveolar differentiation of MaSC/basal cells, whereas activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppresses luminal/alveolar differentiation and Notch3 expression in a Pygo2-dependent manner. We show that Notch3 is a direct target of Pygo2 and that Pygo2 is required for β-catenin binding and maintenance of a poised/repressed chromatin state at the Notch3 locus in MaSC/basal cells. Together, our data support a model where Pygo2-mediated chromatin regulation connects Wnt signaling and Notch signaling to restrict the luminal/alveolar differentiation competence of MaSC/basal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Gu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|