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Naskar S, Sriraman N, Sarkar A, Mahajan N, Sarkar K. Tumor antigen presentation and the associated signal transduction during carcinogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 261:155485. [PMID: 39088877 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Numerous developments have been achieved in the study and treatment of cancer throughout the decades that it has been common. After decades of research, about 100 different kinds of cancer have been found, each with unique subgroups within certain organs. This has significantly expanded our understanding of the illness. A mix of genetic, environmental, and behavioral variables contribute to the complicated and diverse process of cancer formation. Mutations, or changes in the DNA sequence, are crucial to the development of cancer. These mutations have the ability to downregulate the expression and function of Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC I) and MHCII receptors, as well as activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes. Cancer cells use this tactic to avoid being recognized by cytotoxic CD8+T lymphocytes, which causes issues with antigen presentation and processing. This review goes into great length into the PI3K pathway, changes to MHC I, and positive impacts of tsMHC-II on disease-free survival and overall survival and the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) in different tumor microenvironments. The vital functions that the PI3K pathway and its link to the mTOR pathway are highlighted and difficulties in developing effective cancer targeted therapies and feedback systems has also been mentioned, where resistance mechanisms include RAS-mediated oncogenic changes and active PI3K signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Nawaneetan Sriraman
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Nitika Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Han X, Liu Z, Cui M, Lin J, Li Y, Qin H, Sheng J, Zhang X. FGA influences invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:206011. [PMID: 39227068 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is an important plasma protein composed of three polypeptide chains, fibrinogen alpha (FGA), beta, and gamma. Apart from being an inflammation regulator, fibrinogen also plays a role in tumor progression. Liver cancer usually has a poor prognosis, with chronic hepatitis being the main cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). FGA serves as a serological marker for chronic hepatitis, but its relationship with liver cancer remains unclear. Through bioinformatics analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis, we found that FGA was downregulated in HCC and correlated with tumor stage and grade. By constructing both FGA gene knockout and overexpression cell models, we demonstrated that overexpressing FGA inhibited migration and invasion of liver cancer cells through Transwell migration/invasion and wound healing assays. Western blotting experiments showed that FGA overexpression increased the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker protein E-cadherin while decreasing N-cadherin and slug protein expression. In addition, FGA knockout activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. In a mouse model of metastatic tumors, overexpression of FGA restricted the spread of tumor cells. In conclusion, FGA exhibits an inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis, providing new insights for the treatment of advanced HCC metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Zefeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Mengying Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
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Pan F, Liu J, Chen Y, Zhu B, Chen W, Yang Y, Zhu C, Zhao H, Liu X, Xu Y, Xu X, Huo L, Xie L, Wang R, Gu J, Huang G. Chemotherapy-induced high expression of IL23A enhances efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in TNBC by co-activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway of CTLs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14248. [PMID: 38902343 PMCID: PMC11189934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a great challenge in clinical practice. The immune checkpoints are a category of immunosuppressive molecules that cancer could hijack and impede anti-tumor immunity. Targeting immune checkpoints, such as anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy, is a promising therapeutic strategy in TNBC. The efficacy and safety of PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with chemotherapy have been validated in TNBC patients. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 therapy have not been elucidated, causing the TNBC patients that might benefit from this combination regimen not to be well selected. In the present work, we found that IL-23, an immunological cytokine, is significantly upregulated after chemotherapy in TNBC cells and plays a vital role in enhancing the anti-tumor immune response of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), especially in combination with PD-1 mAb. In addition, the combination of IL-23 and PD-1 mAb could synergistically inhibit the expression of Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1 (PIK3R1), which is a regulatory subunit of PI3K and inhibit p110 activity, and promote phosphorylation of AKT in TNBC-specific CTLs. Our findings might provide a molecular marker that could be used to predict the effects of combination chemotherapy therapy and PD-1 mAb in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pan
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Road 59#, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22#, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Binghan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University Medical School, Zhongshan Road 321#, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yichen Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaofan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Liqun Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Li Xie
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321#, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Guichun Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Eastern Zhongshan Road 305#, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Hao P, Zhang C, Bian H, Li Y. The mechanism of action of myricetin against lung adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics, in silico and in vitro experiments. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4089-4104. [PMID: 38015259 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Myricetin is a natural flavonoid with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, but its mechanism for treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclearly. Therefore, bioinformatics, in silico and in vitro experiments were employed to elucidate this issue in this study. The core targets of myricetin against LUAD were screened by PharmaMapper (v2017), Assistant for Clinical Bioinformatics, STRING (v11.5) and Cytoscape (v3.8.1). Using Kaplan-Meier Plotter (v2022.04.20), UALCAN (v2021.12.13) and GEPIA (v2.0) databases, the correlation between core genes and the prognosis of LUAD patients were analyzed, and the expression levels of core genes were verified. In silico studies were used to analyze the binding energies and sites of myricetin with core genes. The effects of myricetin on H1975 cells were explored through thiazolyl blue (MTT), cell migration, colony formation and western blot assays. A total of 72 potential targets of myricetin against LUAD were identified through bioinformatics. Among the four core targets obtained by multiple networks and in silico assays, the up-regulated MMP9 (HR = 1.14 (1-1.29), logrank P = 0.046) and down-regulated PIK3R1 (HR = 0.58 (0.51-0.66), logrank P < 1E-16) were positively correlated with poor survival outcomes in LUAD patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated that myricetin inhibited the proliferation and migration of H1975 cells, promoting their apoptosis. Myricetin inhibits the proliferation of H1975 cells and induces cell apoptosis through its influence on the expression levels of MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, and PIK3R1 and regulating the multiple pathways these genes participate in. Both MMP9 and PIK3R1 are potential biomarkers for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hao
- Nanyang Institute of Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang, 473000, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Chinese Materia Medica and Prepared Slices), Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Chaoyun Zhang
- Nanyang Institute of Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang, 473000, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Nanyang Institute of Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang, 473000, China
| | - Yixian Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Chinese Materia Medica and Prepared Slices), Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Sentyabreva A, Miroshnichenko E, Artemova D, Alekseeva A, Kosyreva A. Morphological and Molecular Biological Characteristics of Experimental Rat Glioblastoma Tissue Strains Induced by Different Carcinogenic Chemicals. Biomedicines 2024; 12:713. [PMID: 38672069 PMCID: PMC11048177 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive human neoplasm with poor prognosis due to its malignancy and therapy resistance. To evaluate the efficacy of antitumor therapy, cell models are used most widely, but they are not as relevant to human GBMs as tissue models of gliomas, closely corresponding to human GBMs in cell heterogeneity. In this work, we compared three different tissue strains of rat GBM 101.8 (induced by DMBA), GBM 11-9-2, and GBM 14-4-5 (induced by ENU). MATERIALS AND METHODS We estimated different gene expressions by qPCR-RT and conducted Western blotting and histological and morphometric analysis of three different tissue strains of rat GBM. RESULTS GBM 101.8 was characterized by the shortest period of tumor growth and the greatest number of necroses and mitoses; overexpression of Abcb1, Sox2, Cdkn2a, Cyclin D, and Trp53; and downregulated expression of Vegfa, Pdgfra, and Pten; as well as a high level of HIF-1α protein content. GBM 11-9-2 and GBM 14-4-5 were relevant to low-grade gliomas and characterized by downregulated Mgmt expression; furthermore, a low content of CD133 protein was found in GBM 11-9-2. CONCLUSIONS GBM 101.8 is a reliable model for further investigation due to its similarity to high-grade human GBMs, while GBM 11-9-2 and GBM 14-4-5 correspond to Grade 2-3 gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sentyabreva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Miroshnichenko
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Artemova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Alekseeva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kosyreva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Wang Y, Du X, Xin H, Xu R. Efficacy and Safety of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Inhibitors for Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:941-951. [PMID: 38275057 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096266181231207110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors belong to the class of drugs that inhibit the activity of the PI3K protein, which is commonly overexpressed in breast cancer cells. However, there is a need to summarize the evidence to provide conclusive advice on the benefit of PI3K inhibitors in breast cancer patients. Therefore, this review assessed the effectiveness and safety of the PI3K inhibitors amongst breast cancer patients. METHODS Searches were made in PubMed Central, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, WHO trial registry and Clinicaltrials.gov up to December 2022. Meta-analysis was executed using the random-effects model. Pooled hazard ratio (HR)/risk ratio (RR) was reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In total, 13 studies were included in the analysis. Most were multi-country studies and had a higher risk of bias. Regarding the efficacy parameters, pooled HR for progression-free survival was 0.79 (95%CI: 0.67-0.92), pooled RR for complete response was 1.54 [95%CI: 1.14 to 2.09], partial response was 1.18 [95%CI: 0.87-1.61], overall response was 1.20 [95%CI: 0.93-1.56], stable disease was 1.09 [95%CI: 0.78-1.53], progressive disease was 0.80 [95%CI: 0.74 to 0.87], and clinical benefit was 1.08 [95%CI: 0.80-1.49]. For safety parameters, pooled RR for hyperglycemia was 4.57 [95%CI: 3.15-6.62], and gastrointestinal toxicity was 1.82 [95%CI: 1.56 to 2.14]. CONCLUSION PI3K inhibitors had better efficacy than the present standard of concern for patients with breast cancer, especially among patients with PIK3CA mutations. Hence, clinicians and oncologists can provide this drug for the target population with extra caution for diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Nail and Breast Surgery, Panzhihua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, 617000, China
| | - Xianling Du
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia Ang Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University), Enshi City,Hubei Province, 445000, China
| | - Hongqiang Xin
- Department of two gland surgery, Qilu Hospital Huantai Branch, People's Hospital of Huantai County, Zibo city, Shandong Province, 256400, China
| | - Ruimin Xu
- Department of Anorectal, Shanghai Pudong New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai City, 212000, China
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Bou Malham V, Benzoubir N, Vaquero J, Desterke C, Agnetti J, Song PX, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Arbelaiz A, Jacques S, Di Valentin E, Rahmouni S, Tan TZ, Samuel D, Thiery JP, Sebagh M, Fouassier L, Gassama-Diagne A. Intrinsic cancer cell phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ regulates fibrosis and vascular development in cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Int 2023; 43:2776-2793. [PMID: 37804055 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The class I- phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3Ks) signalling is dysregulated in almost all human cancers whereas the isoform-specific roles remain poorly investigated. We reported that the isoform δ (PI3Kδ) regulated epithelial cell polarity and plasticity and recent developments have heightened its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and solid tumour progression. However, its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) still lacks investigation. APPROACH & RESULTS Immunohistochemical analyses of CCA samples reveal a high expression of PI3Kδ in the less differentiated CCA. The RT-qPCR and immunoblot analyses performed on CCA cells stably overexpressing PI3Kδ using lentiviral construction reveal an increase of mesenchymal and stem cell markers and the pluripotency transcription factors. CCA cells stably overexpressing PI3Kδ cultured in 3D culture display a thick layer of ECM at the basement membrane and a wide single lumen compared to control cells. Similar data are observed in vivo, in xenografted tumours established with PI3Kδ-overexpressing CCA cells in immunodeficient mice. The expression of mesenchymal and stemness genes also increases and tumour tissue displays necrosis and fibrosis, along with a prominent angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, as in mice liver of AAV8-based-PI3Kδ overexpression. These PI3Kδ-mediated cell morphogenesis and stroma remodelling were dependent on TGFβ/Src/Notch signalling. Whole transcriptome analysis of PI3Kδ using the cancer cell line encyclopedia allows the classification of CCA cells according to cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results support the critical role of PI3Kδ in the progression and aggressiveness of CCA via TGFβ/src/Notch-dependent mechanisms and open new directions for the classification and treatment of CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bou Malham
- INSERM, Unité 1193, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, Villejuif, France
| | - Nassima Benzoubir
- INSERM, Unité 1193, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, Villejuif, France
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Jean Agnetti
- INSERM, Unité 1193, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, Villejuif, France
| | - Pei Xuan Song
- INSERM, Unité 1193, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, Villejuif, France
| | - Ester Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Ander Arbelaiz
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Jacques
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emanuel Di Valentin
- Plateforme des vecteurs viraux, Université de Liège, GIGA B34, Liège, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Genomics and Data Analytics Core (GeDaC), Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Didier Samuel
- INSERM, Unité 1193, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, Villejuif, France
- Centre Hepato-Biliaire, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Guangzhou Laboratory, International Biological Island Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mylène Sebagh
- INSERM, Unité 1193, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire d'Anatomopathologie, AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Ama Gassama-Diagne
- INSERM, Unité 1193, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, Villejuif, France
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8
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Glaviano A, Foo ASC, Lam HY, Yap KCH, Jacot W, Jones RH, Eng H, Nair MG, Makvandi P, Geoerger B, Kulke MH, Baird RD, Prabhu JS, Carbone D, Pecoraro C, Teh DBL, Sethi G, Cavalieri V, Lin KH, Javidi-Sharifi NR, Toska E, Davids MS, Brown JR, Diana P, Stebbing J, Fruman DA, Kumar AP. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:138. [PMID: 37596643 PMCID: PMC10436543 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 198.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell cycle progression. Growth factor signalling to transcription factors in the PAM axis is highly regulated by multiple cross-interactions with several other signaling pathways, and dysregulation of signal transduction can predispose to cancer development. The PAM axis is the most frequently activated signaling pathway in human cancer and is often implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies. Dysfunction of components of this pathway such as hyperactivity of PI3K, loss of function of PTEN, and gain-of-function of AKT, are notorious drivers of treatment resistance and disease progression in cancer. In this review we highlight the major dysregulations in the PAM signaling pathway in cancer, and discuss the results of PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors as monotherapy and in co-administation with other antineoplastic agents in clinical trials as a strategy for overcoming treatment resistance. Finally, the major mechanisms of resistance to PAM signaling targeted therapies, including PAM signaling in immunology and immunotherapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Glaviano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aaron S C Foo
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiu Y Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Kenneth C H Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert H Jones
- Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Centre, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Huiyan Eng
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Madhumathy G Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Inserm U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Matthew H Kulke
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Baird
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel B L Teh
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kevin H Lin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eneda Toska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 216 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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9
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Zapevalova MV, Shchegravina ES, Fonareva IP, Salnikova DI, Sorokin DV, Scherbakov AM, Maleev AA, Ignatov SK, Grishin ID, Kuimov AN, Konovalova MV, Svirshchevskaya EV, Fedorov AY. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Novel Dimorpholinoquinazoline-Based Potential Inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810854. [PMID: 36142768 PMCID: PMC9503112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A (series) range of potential dimorpholinoquinazoline-based inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade was synthesized. Several compounds exhibited cytotoxicity towards a panel of cancer cell lines in the low and sub-micromolar range. Compound 7c with the highest activity and moderate selectivity towards MCF7 cells which express the mutant type of PI3K was also tested for the ability to inhibit PI3K-(signaling pathway) downstream effectors and associated proteins. Compound 7c inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and S6K at 125–250 nM. It also triggered PARP1 cleavage, ROS production, and cell death via several mechanisms. Inhibition of PI3Kα was observed at a concentration of 7b 50 µM and of 7c 500 µM and higher, that can indicate minority PI3Kα as a target among other kinases in the titled cascade for 7c. In vivo studies demonstrated an inhibition of tumor growth in the colorectal tumor model. According to the docking studies, the replacement of the triazine core in gedatolisib (8) by a quinazoline fragment, and incorporation of a (hetero)aromatic unit connected with the carbamide group via a flexible spacer, can result in more selective inhibition of the PI3Kα isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Zapevalova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Shchegravina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Insitute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.S.S.); (A.Y.F.)
| | - Irina P. Fonareva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Diana I. Salnikova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Danila V. Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Maleev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stanislav K. Ignatov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ivan D. Grishin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Kuimov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, House 1, Building 40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maryia V. Konovalova
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Svirshchevskaya
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu. Fedorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Insitute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.S.S.); (A.Y.F.)
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10
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Bontoux C, Simonin M, Garnier N, Lhermitte L, Touzart A, Andrieu G, Bruneau J, Lengliné E, Plesa A, Boissel N, Baruchel A, Bertrand Y, Molina TJ, Macintyre E, Asnafi V. Oncogenetic landscape of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas compared to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1227-1235. [PMID: 35562412 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the latest 2016 World Health Organization classification of hematological malignancies, T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) and lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) are grouped together into one entity called T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LBLL). However, the question of whether these entities represent one or two diseases remains. Multiple studies on driver alterations in T-ALL have led to a better understanding of the disease while, so far, little data on genetic profiles in T-LBL is available. We sought to define recurrent genetic alterations in T-LBL and provide a comprehensive comparison with T-ALL. Targeted whole-exome next-generation sequencing of 105 genes, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and quantitative PCR allowed comprehensive genotype assessment in 818, consecutive, unselected, newly diagnosed patients (342 T-LBL vs. 476 T-ALL). The median age at diagnosis was similar in T-LBL and T-ALL (17 vs. 15 years old, respectively; p = 0.2). Although we found commonly altered signaling pathways and co-occurring mutations, we identified recurrent dissimilarities in actionable gene alterations in T-LBL as compared to T-ALL. HOX abnormalities (TLX1 and TLX3 overexpression) were more frequent in T-ALL (5% of T-LBL vs 13% of T-ALL had TLX1 overexpression; p = 0.04 and 6% of T-LBL vs 17% of T-ALL had TLX3 overexpression; p = 0.006). The PI3K signaling pathway was significantly more frequently altered in T-LBL as compared to T-ALL (33% vs 19%; p < 0.001), especially through PIK3CA alterations (9% vs 2%; p < 0.001) with PIK3CAH1047 as the most common hotspot. Similarly, T-LBL genotypes were significantly enriched in alterations in genes coding for the EZH2 epigenetic regulator and in TP53 mutations (respectively, 13% vs 8%; p = 0.016 and 7% vs 2%; p < 0.001). This genetic landscape of T-LBLL identifies differential involvement of recurrent alterations in T-LBL as compared to T-ALL, thus contributing to better understanding and management of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bontoux
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, 06000, Nice, France.,Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Simonin
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Garnier
- Institute of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Ludovic Lhermitte
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Touzart
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Andrieu
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Lengliné
- Hematology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Adriana Plesa
- Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, CHU Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Boissel
- Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - André Baruchel
- Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Yves Bertrand
- Institute of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Jo Molina
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France.
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11
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Pan-cancer analysis on the role of PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 in human tumors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5924. [PMID: 35395865 PMCID: PMC8993854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1 (PIK3R1) is believed to function as a tumor suppressor, while Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 2 (PIK3R2) as a tumor driver. However, there is no systematic pan-cancer analysis of them. The pan-cancer study comprehensively investigated the gene expression, genetic alteration, DNA methylation, and prognostic significance of PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 in 33 different tumors based on the TIMER, GEPIA, UALCAN, HPA, cBioPortal, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. The results indicated that PIK3R1 is lowly expressed in most tumors while PIK3R2 is highly expressed in most tumors, and abnormal gene expression may be related to promoter methylation. Moreover, not only mutations, downregulation of PIK3R1 and upregulation of PIK3R2 were found to be detrimental to the survival of most cancer patients as well. Furthermore, the expression of both PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 was associated with the level of immune infiltration in multiple tumors, such as breast invasive carcinoma. Our study conducted a comparatively comprehensive analysis of the role of PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 in a variety of cancers, contributing to further study of their potential mechanisms in cancer occurrence and progression. Our findings suggested that PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 could serve as prognostic markers for several cancers.
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12
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Li C, Zhao Z, Zhao S. Annexin A2 promotes development of retinal neovascularization through PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:579-589. [PMID: 34894941 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2018467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal Neovascularization (RNV) is a pathological characteristic of ocular diseases. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) plays important roles in RNV while the mechanism remains unclear. The study aimed to explore relationship between ANXA2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in RNV. METHODS We used human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRECs) and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice model to show ANXA2 can promote the development of RNV through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. We divided HRECs into six groups by infecting lentivirus containing appropriate plasmid and adding corresponding solution. Assays showing ability of HRECs were performed in vitro. Mice were randomly divided into three groups and treated accordingly. RESULTS Expression of ANXA2 and activity of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HRECs were detected. RNV and expression of ANXA2 in mice retinas were detected. Results showed that ANXA2 expression is positively related with RNV-forming ability of HRECs in vitro and development of RNV in vivo while low activity of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway could attenuate the role of ANXA2. CONCLUSIONS We can make ANXA2 and PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway as a promising target for the regulation of pathological neovascularization of the retina, which also provides a novel idea for effective prevention and treatment of diseases related to RNV in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Zichang Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shihong Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Military Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.,Nanjing Aier Eye Hospital, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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13
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Zeng Q, Jin F, Qian H, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wei Y, Chen T, Guo B, Chai C. The miR-345-3p/PPP2CA signaling axis promotes proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:150-159. [PMID: 34922339 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Functional studies have demonstrated that miRNA dysregulation in many cases of cancer, in which miRNAs acting as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor. Here we report that miR-345-3p is generally upregulated in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines. Overexpression and inhibition of miR-345-3p revealed its capacity in regulating proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Further research identified protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP2CA), a suppressor of AKT phosphorylation, as a candidate target of miR-345-3p. In vitro, miR-345-3p mimics promoted AKT phosphorylation by targeting its negative regulator, PPP2CA. Blocking miR-345-3p relieves its inhibition of PPP2CA, which attenuated PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In vivo, inhibiting miR-345-3p with miR-345-3p-inhibition lentivirus suppressed tumor growth and invasiveness in mice. Together, the miR-345-3p/PPP2CA signaling axis exhibits tumor promoting functions by regulating proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. These data provide a clue to novel therapeutic approaches for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hongling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yange Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bianqin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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14
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Palicelli A, Croci S, Bisagni A, Zanetti E, De Biase D, Melli B, Sanguedolce F, Ragazzi M, Zanelli M, Chaux A, Cañete-Portillo S, Bonasoni MP, Soriano A, Ascani S, Zizzo M, Castro Ruiz C, De Leo A, Giordano G, Landriscina M, Carrieri G, Cormio L, Berney DM, Gandhi J, Santandrea G, Bonacini M. What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 4: Experimental Treatments in Pre-Clinical Studies (Cell Lines and Mouse Models). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12297. [PMID: 34830179 PMCID: PMC8618402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer (PC), the PD-1/PD-L1 axis regulates various signaling pathways and it is influenced by extracellular factors. Pre-clinical experimental studies investigating the effects of various treatments (alone or combined) may discover how to overcome the immunotherapy-resistance in PC-patients. We performed a systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines) to delineate the landscape of pre-clinical studies (including cell lines and mouse models) that tested treatments with effects on PD-L1 signaling in PC. NF-kB, MEK, JAK, or STAT inhibitors on human/mouse, primary/metastatic PC-cell lines variably down-modulated PD-L1-expression, reducing chemoresistance and tumor cell migration. If PC-cells were co-cultured with NK, CD8+ T-cells or CAR-T cells, the immune cell cytotoxicity increased when PD-L1 was downregulated (opposite effects for PD-L1 upregulation). In mouse models, radiotherapy, CDK4/6-inhibitors, and RB deletion induced PD-L1-upregulation, causing PC-immune-evasion. Epigenetic drugs may reduce PD-L1 expression. In some PC experimental models, blocking only the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway had limited efficacy in reducing the tumor growth. Anti-tumor effects could be increased by combining the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with other approaches (inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, PI3K/mTOR or JAK/STAT3 pathways, p300/CBP; anti-RANKL and/or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies; cytokines; nitroxoline; DNA/cell vaccines; radiotherapy/Radium-223).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Postgraduate Studies, Norte University, Asunción 1614, Paraguay;
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Gastroenterology Division, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Haematopathology Unit, CREO, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Carolina Castro Ruiz
- International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 5PZ, UK;
| | - Jatin Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Giacomo Santandrea
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
- International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
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15
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Qi J, Zhang R, Wang Y. Exosomal miR-21-5p derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PIK3R1. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:11016-11030. [PMID: 34741385 PMCID: PMC8642676 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of pluripotent cells that can release a large number of exosomes which act as paracrine mediators in tumour-associated microenvironment. However, the role of MSC-derived exosomes in pathogenesis and progression of cancer cells especially osteosarcoma has not been thoroughly clarified until now. In this study, we established a co-culture model for human bone marrow-derived MSCs with osteosarcoma cells, then extraction of exosomes from induced MSCs and study the role of MSC-derived exosomes in the progression of osteosarcoma cell. The aim of this study was to address potential cell biological effects between MSCs and osteosarcoma cells. The results showed that MSC-derived exosomes can significantly promote osteosarcoma cells' proliferation and invasion. We also found that miR-21-5p was significantly over-expressed in MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), compared with human foetal osteoblastic cells hFOB1.19. MSC-derived exosomes transfected with miR-21-5p could significantly enhance the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays validated the targeted relationship between exosomal miR-21-5p and PIK3R1; we further demonstrated that miR-21-5p-abundant exosomes derived human bone marrow MSCs could activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by suppressing PIK3R1 expression in osteosarcoma cells. In summary, our study provides new insights into the interaction between human bone marrow MSCs and osteosarcoma cells in tumour-associated microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yapeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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16
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Chandrasekaran S, Funk CR, Kleber T, Paulos CM, Shanmugam M, Waller EK. Strategies to Overcome Failures in T-Cell Immunotherapies by Targeting PI3K-δ and -γ. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718621. [PMID: 34512641 PMCID: PMC8427697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ are critical regulators of T-cell differentiation, senescence, and metabolism. PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ signaling can contribute to T-cell inhibition via intrinsic mechanisms and regulation of suppressor cell populations, including regulatory T-cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells in the tumor. We examine an exciting new role for using selective inhibitors of the PI3K δ- and γ-isoforms as modulators of T-cell phenotype and function in immunotherapy. Herein we review the current literature on the implications of PI3K-δ and -γ inhibition in T-cell biology, discuss existing challenges in adoptive T-cell therapies and checkpoint blockade inhibitors, and highlight ongoing efforts and future directions to incorporate PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ as synergistic T-cell modulators in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Chandrasekaran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher Ronald Funk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Troy Kleber
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Department of Surgery/Microbiology & Immunology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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17
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Aydin E, Faehling S, Saleh M, Llaó Cid L, Seiffert M, Roessner PM. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment: What Do We Need to Consider When Treating Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With PI3K Inhibitors? Front Immunol 2021; 11:595818. [PMID: 33552053 PMCID: PMC7857022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and their downstream proteins constitute a signaling pathway that is involved in both normal cell growth and malignant transformation of cells. Under physiological conditions, PI3K signaling regulates various cellular functions such as apoptosis, survival, proliferation, and growth, depending on the extracellular signals. A deterioration of these extracellular signals caused by mutational damage in oncogenes or growth factor receptors may result in hyperactivation of this signaling cascade, which is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Although higher activation of PI3K pathway is common in many types of cancer, it has been therapeutically targeted for the first time in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), demonstrating its significance in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and malignant B-cell expansion. The biological activity of the PI3K pathway is not only limited to cancer cells but is also crucial for many components of the tumor microenvironment, as PI3K signaling regulates cytokine responses, and ensures the development and function of immune cells. Therefore, the success or failure of the PI3K inhibition is strongly related to microenvironmental stimuli. In this review, we outline the impacts of PI3K inhibition on the tumor microenvironment with a specific focus on CLL. Acknowledging the effects of PI3K inhibitor-based therapies on the tumor microenvironment in CLL can serve as a rationale for improved drug development, explain treatment-associated adverse events, and suggest novel combinatory treatment strategies in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Aydin
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Faehling
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariam Saleh
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Llaó Cid
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Bioscience, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp M Roessner
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Over the last few years, cancer immunotherapy experienced tremendous developments and it is nowadays considered a promising strategy against many types of cancer. However, the exclusion of lymphocytes from the tumor nest is a common phenomenon that limits the efficiency of immunotherapy in solid tumors. Despite several mechanisms proposed during the years to explain the immune excluded phenotype, at present, there is no integrated understanding about the role played by different models of immune exclusion in human cancers. Hypoxia is a hallmark of most solid tumors and, being a multifaceted and complex condition, shapes in a unique way the tumor microenvironment, affecting gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. In this review, we speculate about an upstream role for hypoxia as a common biological determinant of immune exclusion in solid tumors. We also discuss the current state of ex vivo and in vivo imaging of hypoxic determinants in relation to T cell distribution that could mechanisms of immune exclusion and discover functional-morphological tumor features that could support clinical monitoring.
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19
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Fan L, Wang C, Zhao L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Cao L, Xu W, Li J. SHC014748M, a novel selective inhi-bitor of PI3Kδ, demonstrates promising preclinical antitumor activity in B cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Neoplasia 2020; 22:714-724. [PMID: 33142237 PMCID: PMC7586065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SHC014748M was proved to be more selective for PI3Kδ inhibition relative to other class i PI3K enzymes. SHC014748M showed in vitro activity in most of 23 B lymphoma cell lines and primary CLL cells and also inhibited phosphorylation of AKT, targets downstream of PI3Kδ. In vivo study revealed that SHC014748M significantly reduced lymphoma cell growth in the treatment group compared with control mice. SHC014748M seemed to be a novel promising compound in the treatment of B cell lymphomas and CLL.
PI3Kδ (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ), one of the class I PI3Ks, is found expressed primarily in leukocytes and plays an essential role in B-cell development and function. This provides a rationale for the development of small molecule inhibitors that selectively target p110δ for patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Here in this paper, we comprehensively evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of SHC014748M, an oral selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ under Phase I clinical evaluation. Biochemical and cell-based assays were used to measure compound potency and selectivity in lymphoma cell lines as well as primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Scid mice were subcutaneously inoculated with the SU-DHL-6 cell line. SHC014748M was more selective for PI3Kδ inhibition relative to other class I PI3K enzymes and showed in vitro activity in most of 23 B lymphoma cell lines and primary CLL cells. SHC014748M also inhibited phosphorylation of AKT, targets downstream of PI3Kδ, in both lymphoma cells and primary CLL cells. In vivo study revealed that SHC014748M significantly reduced lymphoma cell growth in the treatment group compared with control mice. CCL4, CCL17, CCL22 and CXCL13 in patient serum decreased sharply after SHC014748M treatment. According to the results, SHC014748M appeared to be a novel promising compound in the treatment of B cell lymphomas and CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Wang H, Chen X, Bao L, Zhang X. Investigating potential molecular mechanisms of serum exosomal miRNAs in colorectal cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22199. [PMID: 32925795 PMCID: PMC7489663 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant gastrointestinal tumor worldwide. Serum exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.The miRNAs expression profile (GSE39833) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was applied to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between healthy and CRC serum exosome samples. The target genes of DEmiRNAs were predicted by starBase v3.0 online tool. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) visualized using Cytoscape software. Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) and cytohubba plug-in were used to screen hub genes and gene modules.In total, 102 DEmiRNAs were identified including 67 upregulated and 35 downregulated DEmiRNAs, and 1437 target genes were predicted. GO analysis showed target genes of upregulated DEmiRNAs were significantly enriched in transcription regulation, protein binding, and ubiquitin protein ligase activity. While the target genes of downregulated DEmiRNAs were mainly involved in transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, SMAD binding, and DNA binding. The KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed target genes of upregulated DEmiRNAs were significantly enriched in proteoglycans in cancer, microRNAs in cancer, and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases/Akt (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway, while target genes of downregulated DEmiRNAs were mainly enriched in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway and proteoglycans in cancer. The genes of the top 3 modules were mainly enriched in ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, spliceosome, and mRNA surveillance pathway. According to the cytohubba plugin, 37 hub genes were selected, and 4 hub genes including phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), SRC, cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), E1A binding protein p300 (EP300) were identified by combining 8 ranked methods of cytohubba.The study provides a comprehensive analysis of exosomal DEmiRNAs and target genes regulatory network in CRC, which can better understand the roles of exosomal miRNAs in the development of CRC. However, these findings require further experimental validation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang
| | - Xiliang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingling Bao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang
| | - Xuede Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang
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21
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Im H, Lee J, Ryu KY, Yi JY. Integrin αvβ3-Akt signalling plays a role in radioresistance of melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:562-569. [PMID: 32298492 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a deadly type of skin cancer that is particularly difficult to treat owing to its resistance to radiation therapy. Here, we attempted to determine the key proteins responsible for melanoma radioresistance, with the aim of improving disease response to radiation therapy. Two melanoma cell lines, SK-Mel5 and SK-Mel28, with different radiosensitivities were analysed via RNA-Seq (Quant-Seq) and target proteins with higher abundance in the more radioresistant cell line, SK-Mel28, identified. Among these proteins, integrin αvβ3, a well-known molecule in cell adhesion, was selected for analysis. Treatment of SK-Mel28 cells with cilengitide, an integrin αvβ3 inhibitor, as well as γ-irradiation resulted in more significant cell death than γ-irradiation alone. In addition, Akt, a downstream signal transducer of integrin αvβ3, showed high basic activation in SK-Mel28 and was significantly decreased upon co-treatment with cilengitide and γ-irradiation. MK-2206, an Akt inhibitor, exerted similar effects on the SK-Mel28 cell line following γ-irradiation. Our results collectively demonstrate that the integrin αvβ3-Akt signalling pathway contributes to radioresistance in SK-Mel28 cells, which may be manipulated to improve therapeutic options for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntaik Im
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyong Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwon-Yul Ryu
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Youn Yi
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Naz I, Ramchandani S, Khan MR, Yang MH, Ahn KS. Anticancer Potential of Raddeanin A, a Natural Triterpenoid Isolated from Anemone raddeana Regel. Molecules 2020; 25:E1035. [PMID: 32106609 PMCID: PMC7179125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds extracted from plants have gained immense importance in the fight against cancer cells due to their lesser toxicity and potential therapeutic effects. Raddeanin A (RA), an oleanane type triterpenoid is a major compound isolated from Anemone raddeana Regel. As an anticancer agent, RA induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibits invasion, migration and angiogenesis in malignant cell lines as well as in preclinical models. In this systemic review, the pharmacological effects of RA and its underlying molecular mechanisms were carefully analyzed and potential molecular targets have been highlighted. The apoptotic potential of RA can be mediated through the modulation of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, cytochrome c and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway serves as the major molecular target affected by RA. Furthermore, RA can block cell proliferation through inhibition of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. RA can also alter the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways to suppress invasion and metastasis. RA has also exhibited promising anticancer potential against drug resistant cancer cells and can enhance the anticancer effects of several chemotherapeutic agents. Overall, RA may function as a promising compound in combating cancer, although further in-depth study is required under clinical settings to validate its efficacy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irum Naz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | | | | | - Min Hee Yang
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
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23
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Zhao D, Jiang M, Zhang X, Hou H. The role of RICTOR amplification in targeted therapy and drug resistance. Mol Med 2020; 26:20. [PMID: 32041519 PMCID: PMC7011243 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-0146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has changed the current treatment paradigm and achieved good results in recent decades. However, an increasing number of studies have indicated that the complex network of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) co-activation could influence the characteristic phenotypes of cancer and the tumor response to targeted treatments. One of strategies to blocking RTK co-activation is targeting the downstream factors of RTK, such as PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. RICTOR, a core component of mTORC2, acts as a key effector molecule of the PI3K-AKT pathway; its amplification is often associated with poor clinical outcomes and resistance to TKIs. Here, we discuss the biology of RICTOR in tumor and the prospects of targeting RICTOR as a complementary therapy to inhibit RTK co-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deze Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266005, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266005, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266005, China
| | - Helei Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266005, China.
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24
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Wegner KA, Mueller BR, Unterberger CJ, Avila EJ, Ruetten H, Turco AE, Oakes SR, Girardi NM, Halberg RB, Swanson SM, Marker PC, Vezina CM. Prostate epithelial-specific expression of activated PI3K drives stromal collagen production and accumulation. J Pathol 2019; 250:231-242. [PMID: 31674011 DOI: 10.1002/path.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We genetically engineered expression of an activated form of P110 alpha, the catalytic subunit of PI3K, in mouse prostate epithelium to create a mouse model of direct PI3K activation (Pbsn-cre4Prb;PI3KGOF/+ ). We hypothesized that direct activation would cause rapid neoplasia and cancer progression. Pbsn-cre4Prb;PI3KGOF/+ mice developed widespread prostate intraepithelial hyperplasia, but stromal invasion was limited and overall progression was slower than anticipated. However, the model produced profound and progressive stromal remodeling prior to explicit epithelial neoplasia. Increased stromal cellularity and inflammatory infiltrate were evident as early as 4 months of age and progressively increased through 12 months of age, the terminal endpoint of this study. Prostatic collagen density and phosphorylated SMAD2-positive prostatic stromal cells were expansive and accumulated with age, consistent with pro-fibrotic TGF-β pathway activation. Few reported mouse models accumulate prostate-specific collagen to the degree observed in Pbsn-cre4Prb;PI3KGOF/+ . Our results indicate a signaling process beginning with prostatic epithelial PI3K and TGF-β signaling that drives prostatic stromal hypertrophy and collagen accumulation. These mice afford a unique opportunity to explore molecular mechanisms of prostatic collagen accumulation that is relevant to cancer progression, metastasis, inflammation and urinary dysfunction. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Wegner
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brett R Mueller
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher J Unterberger
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Enrique J Avila
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hannah Ruetten
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anne E Turco
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven R Oakes
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas M Girardi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard B Halberg
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven M Swanson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul C Marker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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25
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Shi X, Wang J, Lei Y, Cong C, Tan D, Zhou X. Research progress on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in gynecological cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4529-4535. [PMID: 30942405 PMCID: PMC6522820 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of multiple cellular physiological processes by activating downstream corresponding effector molecules, which serve an important role in the cell cycle, growth and proliferation. This is a common phenomenon; overactivation of the pathway is present in human malignancies and has been implicated in cancer progression, hence one of the important approaches to the treatment of tumors is rational drug design using molecular targets in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In brief, the present review analyzed the effects of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway on certain gynecological cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shi
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Caofan Cong
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Dailin Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
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26
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Vallejo-Díaz J, Chagoyen M, Olazabal-Morán M, González-García A, Carrera AC. The Opposing Roles of PIK3R1/p85α and PIK3R2/p85β in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:233-244. [PMID: 30961830 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the PI3K/PTEN pathway is a frequent event in cancer, and PIK3CA and PTEN are the most commonly mutated genes after TP53. PIK3R1 is the predominant regulatory isoform of PI3K. PIK3R2 is an ubiquitous isoform that has been so far overlooked, but data from The Cancer Genome Atlas shows that increased expression of PIK3R2 is also frequent in cancer. In contrast to PIK3R1, which is a tumor-suppressor gene, PIK3R2 is an oncogene. We review here the opposing roles of PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 in cancer, the regulatory mechanisms that control PIK3R2 expression, and emerging therapeutic approaches targeting PIK3R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Vallejo-Díaz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Monica Chagoyen
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Manuel Olazabal-Morán
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Ana González-García
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Ana Clara Carrera
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain.
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27
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Xu N, Huang L, Li X, Watanabe M, Li C, Xu A, Liu C, Li Q, Araki M, Wada K, Nasu Y, Huang P. The Novel Combination of Nitroxoline and PD-1 Blockade, Exerts a Potent Antitumor Effect in a Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:919-928. [PMID: 31182913 PMCID: PMC6535792 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade is a promising therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer. Nitroxoline has been found to have effective anticancer properties in several cancer types. We investigated the efficacy of a combination therapy involving nitroxoline and PD-1 blockade in a prostate cancer mouse model. In our in vitro analysis, we found that nitroxoline inhibited the viability and proliferation of the mouse prostate cancer cell line RM9-Luc-PSA. Additionally, nitroxoline downregulated the expressions of phospho-PI3 kinase, phospho-Akt (Thr308), phospho-Akt (Ser473), phospho-GSK-3β, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. Nitroxoline also downregulated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels in prostate cancer cell line and tumor tissue. In our murine prostate cancer orthotopic model, nitroxoline plus PD-1 blockade synergistically suppressed tumor growth when compared with nitroxoline or PD-1 blockade alone, leading to reductions in tumor weight, bioluminescence tumor signals, and serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that the combination strategy significantly enhanced antitumor immunity by increasing CD44+CD62L+CD8+ memory T cell numbers and reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cell numbers in peripheral blood. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nitroxoline plus PD-1 blockade may be a promising treatment strategy in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijin Xu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Linglong Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, The 5 th Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chaoming Li
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Abai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China
| | - Qiang Li
- Jiangsu Asieris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.,Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou; China.,Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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28
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Hong BS, Ryu HS, Kim N, Kim J, Lee E, Moon H, Kim KH, Jin MS, Kwon NH, Kim S, Kim D, Chung DH, Jeong K, Kim K, Kim KY, Lee HB, Han W, Yun J, Kim JI, Noh DY, Moon HG. Tumor Suppressor miRNA-204-5p Regulates Growth, Metastasis, and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1520-1534. [PMID: 30737233 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various miRNAs play critical roles in the development and progression of solid tumors. In this study, we describe the role of miR-204-5p in limiting growth and progression of breast cancer. In breast cancer tissues, miR-204-5p was significantly downregulated compared with normal breast tissues, and its expression levels were associated with increased survival outcome in patients with breast cancer. Overexpression of miR-204-5p inhibited viability, proliferation, and migration capacity in human and murine breast cancer cells. In addition, miR-204-5p overexpression resulted in a significant alteration in metabolic properties of cancer cells and suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in mouse breast cancer models. The association between miR-204-5p expression and clinical outcomes of patients with breast cancer showed a nonlinear pattern that was reproduced in experimental assays of cancer cell behavior and metastatic capacities. Transcriptome and proteomic analysis revealed that various cancer-related pathways including PI3K/Akt and tumor-immune interactions were significantly associated with miR-204-5p expression. PIK3CB, a major regulator of PI3K/Akt pathway, was a direct target for miR-204-5p, and the association between PIK3CB-related PI3K/Akt signaling and miR-204-5p was most evident in the basal subtype. The sensitivity of breast cancer cells to various anticancer drugs including PIK3CB inhibitors was significantly affected by miR-204-5p expression. In addition, miR-204-5p regulated expression of key cytokines in tumor cells and reprogrammed the immune microenvironment by shifting myeloid and lymphocyte populations. These data demonstrate both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous impacts of tumor suppressor miR-204-5p in breast cancer progression and metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling by miR-204-5p suppresses tumor metastasis and immune cell reprogramming in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok Sil Hong
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Division of Strategic Research Groups, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunshin Lee
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunhye Moon
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hyoun Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Division of Strategic Research Groups, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Sun Jin
- Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeonghun Jeong
- Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Yoon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihui Yun
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
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29
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Fang X, Yang D, Luo H, Wu S, Dong W, Xiao J, Yuan S, Ni A, Zhang KJ, Liu XY, Chu L. SNORD126 promotes HCC and CRC cell growth by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway through FGFR2. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:243-255. [PMID: 27913571 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) dysfunctions have been associated with cancer development. SNORD126 is an orphan C/D box snoRNA that is encoded within introns 5-6 of its host gene, cyclin B1-interacting protein 1 (CCNB1IP1). The cancer-associated molecular mechanisms triggered by SNORD126 are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that SNORD126 is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patient samples. SNORD126 increased Huh-7 and SW480 cell growth and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Knockdown of SNORD126 inhibited HepG2 and LS174T cell growth. We verified that SNORD126 was not processed into small RNAs with miRNA activity. Moreover, SNORD126 did not show a significant expression correlation with CCNB1IP1 in HCC samples or regulate CCNB1IP1 expression. Our gene expression profile analysis indicated that SNORD126-upregulated genes frequently mapped to the PI3K-AKT pathway. SNORD126 overexpression increased the levels of phosphorylated AKT, GSK-3β, and p70S6K and elevated fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) expression. siRNA-mediated knockdown or AZD4547-mediated inactivation of FGFR2 in SNORD126-overexpressing Huh-7 cells inhibited AKT phosphorylation and suppressed cell growth. These findings indicate an oncogenic role for SNORD126 in cancer and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Hongping Luo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sujing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Aimin Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kang-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Liang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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30
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Raddeanin A suppresses breast cancer-associated osteolysis through inhibiting osteoclasts and breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29515110 PMCID: PMC5841366 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a severe complication of advanced breast cancer, resulting in osteolysis and increased mortality in patients. Raddeanin A (RA), isolated from traditional Chinese herbs, is an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin with anticancer potential. In this study, we investigated the effects of RA in breast cancer-induced osteolysis and elucidated the possible mechanisms involved in this process. We first verified that RA could suppress osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro. Next, we confirmed that RA suppressed Ti-particle-induced osteolysis in a mouse calvarial model, possibly through inhibition of the SRC/AKT signaling pathway. A breast cancer-induced osteolysis mouse model further revealed the positive protective effects of RA by micro-computed tomography and histology. Finally, we demonstrated that RA inhibited invasion and AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results indicate that RA is an effective inhibitor of breast cancer-induced osteolysis.
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31
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The therapeutic potential of targeting the PI3K pathway in pediatric brain tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2083-2095. [PMID: 27926496 PMCID: PMC5356782 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors are the most common cancer type in children and the leading cause of cancer related deaths. There is therefore a need to develop novel treatments. Large scale profiling studies have begun to identify alterations that could be targeted therapeutically, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which is one of the most commonly activated pathways in cancer with many inhibitors under clinical development. PI3K signaling has been shown to be aberrantly activated in many pediatric CNS neoplasms. Pre-clinical analysis supports a role for PI3K signaling in the control of tumor growth, survival and migration as well as enhancing the cytotoxic effects of current treatments. Based on this evidence agents targeting PI3K signaling have begun to be tested in clinical trials of pediatric cancer patients. Overall, targeting the PI3K pathway presents as a promising strategy for the treatment of pediatric CNS tumors. In this review we examine the genetic alterations found in the PI3K pathway in pediatric CNS tumors and the pathological role it plays, as well as summarizing the current pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the use of PI3K pathway inhibitors for the treatment of these tumors.
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32
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Cairns J, Fridley BL, Jenkins GD, Zhuang Y, Yu J, Wang L. Differential roles of ERRFI1 in EGFR and AKT pathway regulation affect cancer proliferation. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201744767. [PMID: 29335246 PMCID: PMC5835844 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT signaling is modulated by a complex network of regulatory proteins and is commonly deregulated in cancer. Here, we present a dual mechanism of AKT regulation by the ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1). We show that in cells expressing high levels of EGFR, ERRF1 inhibits growth and enhances responses to chemotherapy. This is mediated in part through the negative regulation of AKT signaling by direct ERRFI1-dependent inhibition of EGFR In cells expressing low levels of EGFR, ERRFI1 positively modulates AKT signaling by interfering with the interaction of the inactivating phosphatase PHLPP with AKT, thereby promoting cell growth and chemotherapy desensitization. These observations broaden our understanding of chemotherapy response and have important implications for the selection of targeted therapies in a cell context-dependent manner. EGFR inhibition can only sensitize EGFR-high cells for chemotherapy, while AKT inhibition increases chemosensitivity in EGFR-low cells. By understanding these mechanisms, we can take advantage of the cellular context to individualize antineoplastic therapy. Finally, our data also suggest targeting of EFFRI1 in EGFR-low cancer as a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Cairns
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gregory D Jenkins
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yongxian Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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33
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Le Rhun E, Bertrand N, Dumont A, Tresch E, Le Deley MC, Mailliez A, Preusser M, Weller M, Revillion F, Bonneterre J. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway as a risk factor of central nervous system metastasis in metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2017; 87:189-198. [PMID: 29103666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway may be involved in the development of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis from breast cancer. Accordingly, herein we explored whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this pathway are associated with altered risk of CNS metastasis formation in metastatic breast cancer patients. METHODS The GENEOM study (NCT00959556) included blood sample collection from breast cancer patients treated in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant or metastatic setting. We identified patients with CNS metastases for comparison with patients without CNS metastasis, defined as either absence of neurological symptoms or normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before death or during 5-year follow-up. Eighty-eight SNPs of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway genes were selected for analysis: AKT1 (17 SNPs), AKT2 (4), FGFR1 (2), mTOR (7), PDK1 (4), PI3KR1 (11), PI3KCA (20), PTEN (17), RPS6KB1 (6). RESULTS Of 342 patients with metastases, 207 fulfilled the inclusion criteria: One-hundred-and-seven patients remained free of CNS metastases at last follow-up or date of death whereas 100 patients developed CNS metastases. Among clinical parameters, hormonal and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status as well as vascular tumour emboli was associated with risk of CNS metastasis. Only PI3KR1-rs706716 was associated with CNS metastasis in univariate analysis after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.00085). Multivariate analysis showed associations between AKT1-rs3803304, AKT2-rs3730050, PDK1-rs11686903 and PI3KR1-rs706716 and CNS metastasis . CONCLUSION PI3KR1-rs706716 may be associated with CNS metastasis in metastatic breast cancer patients and could be included in a predictive composite score to detect early CNS metastasis irrespective of breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Le Rhun
- Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U-1192, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, General and Stereotaxic Neurosurgery service, F-59000 Lille, France; Oscar Lambret Center, Medical Oncology Department, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Oscar Lambret Center, Medical Oncology Department, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Aurélie Dumont
- Oscar Lambret Center, Human Molecular Oncology Unit, Lille, France; Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine 1, CNS Unit Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna (CCC-CNS), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Emmanuelle Tresch
- Oscar Lambret Center, Biostatistic Unit, Lille, France; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marie-Cécile Le Deley
- Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Oscar Lambret Center, Biostatistic Unit, Lille, France; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Audrey Mailliez
- Oscar Lambret Center, Medical Oncology Department, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Oscar Lambret Center, Human Molecular Oncology Unit, Lille, France; Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine 1, CNS Unit Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna (CCC-CNS), Vienna, Austria; Oscar Lambret Center, Biostatistic Unit, Lille, France; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology & Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Françoise Revillion
- Oscar Lambret Center, Human Molecular Oncology Unit, Lille, France; Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine 1, CNS Unit Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna (CCC-CNS), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jacques Bonneterre
- Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Oscar Lambret Center, Medical Oncology Department, F-59000 Lille, France.
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34
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Cattrini C, Zanardi E, Vallome G, Cavo A, Cerbone L, Di Meglio A, Fabbroni C, Latocca MM, Rizzo F, Messina C, Rubagotti A, Barboro P, Boccardo F. Targeting androgen-independent pathways: new chances for patients with prostate cancer? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 118:42-53. [PMID: 28917268 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PC). Most patients eventually progress to a condition known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), characterized by lack of response to ADT. Although new androgen receptor signaling (ARS) inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents have been introduced to overcome resistance to ADT, many patients progress because of primary or acquired resistance to these agents. This comprehensive review aims at exploring the mechanisms of resistance and progression of PC, with specific focus on alterations which lead to the activation of androgen receptor (AR)-independent pathways of survival. Our work integrates available clinical and preclinical data on agents which target these pathways, assessing their potential clinical implication in specific settings of patients. Given the rising interest of the scientific community in cancer immunotherapy strategies, further attention is dedicated to the role of immune evasion in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cattrini
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - E Zanardi
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Vallome
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Cavo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Cerbone
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Di Meglio
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Fabbroni
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - M M Latocca
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Rizzo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Messina
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Rubagotti
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - P Barboro
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Boccardo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Turner NC, Neven P, Loibl S, Andre F. Advances in the treatment of advanced oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. Lancet 2017; 389:2403-2414. [PMID: 27939057 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer is the most common subtype of breast cancer. Endocrine therapies that target the dependence of this subtype on the oestrogen receptor have substantial activity, yet the development of resistance to therapy is inevitable in advanced cancer. Major progress has been made in identifying the drivers of oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer and the mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapy. This progress has translated into major advances in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, with several targeted therapies that enhance the efficacy of endocrine therapy; inhibitors of mTOR and inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 substantially improve progression-free survival. A new wave of targeted therapies is being developed, including inhibitors of PI3K, AKT, and HER2, and a new generation of oestrogen-receptor degraders. Considerable challenges remain in patient selection, deciding on the most appropriate order in which to administer therapies, and establishing whether cross-resistance occurs between therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group (GBG), c/o GBG Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Centre for Haematology and Oncology, Bethanien, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Fabrice Andre
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
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Breier G, Chavakis T, Hirsch E. Angiogenesis in metabolic-vascular disease. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1289-1295. [PMID: 28594427 DOI: 10.1160/th17-05-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, literally formation of new blood vessels, is the main process through which the vascular system expands during embryonic and postnatal development. Endothelial cells, which constitute the inner lining of all blood vessels, are typically in a quiescent state in the healthy adult organism. However, in vascular and metabolic diseases, the endothelium becomes unstable and dysfunctional. The resulting tissue hypoxia may thereby induce pathological angiogenesis, which is a hallmark of disease conditions like cancer or diabetic retinopathy. However, recent evidence suggests that angiogenesis is also a major player in the context of further metabolic diseases, especially in obesity. In particular, deregulated angiogenesis is linked with adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. On the other hand, signalling pathways, such as the PI3K pathway, may regulate metabolic activities in the endothelium. Endothelial cell metabolism emerges as an important regulator of angiogenesis. This review summarises the role of angiogenesis in metabolic-vascular disease, with specific focus on the role of angiogenesis in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and on signaling pathways, especially PI3K, linking cell metabolism to endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Triantafyllos Chavakis, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, E-mail:
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O'Donnell JS, Massi D, Teng MWL, Mandala M. PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibition in cancer immunotherapy, redux. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:91-103. [PMID: 28467889 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies will increasingly be utilized in combination to treat advanced malignancies so as to increase their long-term efficacy in a greater proportion of patients. In particular, much attention has focused on developing targeted therapies that inhibit the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network which is dysregulated in many cancer types. In addition, there is now a growing appreciation that targeting of these pathways can impact not only on cancer cells, but also host immunity. The clinical success of cancer immunotherapies targeting T-cell immune checkpoint receptors PD-1/PD-L1 has demonstrated the importance of immunoevasion as a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we discuss how PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibitors target cancer cell biology, attenuate immune cell effector function and modulate the tumor microenvironment. We next discuss how the immunomodulatory potential of these inhibitors can be exploited through rational combinations with immunotherapies and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S O'Donnell
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniela Massi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Haematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Cancer Center Hospital,Piazza OMS 1, 24100 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michele W L Teng
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario Mandala
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer represents a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide despite a declining incidence. New molecular classification schemes developed from genomic and molecular analyses of gastric cancer have provided a framework for understanding this heterogenous disease, and early findings suggest these classifications will be relevant for designing and implementing new targeted therapies. The success of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in breast cancer and melanoma, respectively, has not been duplicated in gastric cancer, but trastuzumab and ramucirumab have demonstrated efficacy in select populations. New markers that predict therapeutic response are needed to improve patient selection for both targeted and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Strand
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Albert Craig Lockhart
- Department of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8056, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Gyori D, Chessa T, Hawkins PT, Stephens LR. Class (I) Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E24. [PMID: 28273837 PMCID: PMC5366819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a diverse family of enzymes which regulate various critical biological processes, such as cell proliferation and survival. Class (I) PI3Ks (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ) mediate the phosphorylation of the inositol ring at position D3 leading to the generation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 can be dephosphorylated by several phosphatases, of which the best known is the 3-phosphatase PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog). The Class (I) PI3K pathway is frequently disrupted in human cancers where mutations are associated with increased PI3K-activity or loss of PTEN functionality within the tumor cells. However, the role of PI3Ks in the tumor stroma is less well understood. Recent evidence suggests that the white blood cell-selective PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ isoforms have an important role in regulating the immune-suppressive, tumor-associated myeloid cell and regulatory T cell subsets, respectively, and as a consequence are also critical for solid tumor growth. Moreover, PI3Kα is implicated in the direct regulation of tumor angiogenesis, and dysregulation of the PI3K pathway in stromal fibroblasts can also contribute to cancer progression. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of the Class (I) PI3K family in the tumor microenvironment can be a highly attractive anti-cancer strategy and isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors may act as potent cancer immunotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gyori
- The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
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Okkenhaug K, Graupera M, Vanhaesebroeck B. Targeting PI3K in Cancer: Impact on Tumor Cells, Their Protective Stroma, Angiogenesis, and Immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1090-1105. [PMID: 27655435 PMCID: PMC5293166 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway is hyperactivated in most cancers, yet the capacity of PI3K inhibitors to induce tumor cell death is limited. The efficacy of PI3K inhibition can also derive from interference with the cancer cells' ability to respond to stromal signals, as illustrated by the approved PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib in B-cell malignancies. Inhibition of the leukocyte-enriched PI3Kδ or PI3Kγ may unleash antitumor T-cell responses by inhibiting regulatory T cells and immune-suppressive myeloid cells. Moreover, tumor angiogenesis may be targeted by PI3K inhibitors to enhance cancer therapy. Future work should therefore also explore the effects of PI3K inhibitors on the tumor stroma, in addition to their cancer cell-intrinsic impact. SIGNIFICANCE The PI3K pathway extends beyond the direct regulation of cancer cell proliferation and survival. In B-cell malignancies, targeting PI3K purges the tumor cells from their protective microenvironment. Moreover, we propose that PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors may be exploited in the context of cancer immunotherapy and by targeting angiogenesis to improve drug and immune cell delivery. Cancer Discov; 6(10); 1090-105. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Norton N, Advani PP, Serie DJ, Geiger XJ, Necela BM, Axenfeld BC, Kachergus JM, Feathers RW, Carr JM, Crook JE, Moreno-Aspitia A, Anastasiadis PZ, Perez EA, Thompson EA. Assessment of Tumor Heterogeneity, as Evidenced by Gene Expression Profiles, Pathway Activation, and Gene Copy Number, in Patients with Multifocal Invasive Lobular Breast Tumors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153411. [PMID: 27078887 PMCID: PMC4831790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) comprises approximately ~10-20% of breast cancers. In general, multifocal/multicentric (MF/MC) breast cancer has been associated with an increased rate of regional lymph node metastases. Tumor heterogeneity between foci represents a largely unstudied source of genomic variation in those rare patients with MF/MC ILC. METHODS We characterized gene expression and copy number in 2 or more foci from 11 patients with MF/MC ILC (all ER+, HER2-) and adjacent normal tissue. RNA and DNA were extracted from 3x1.5 mm cores from all foci. Gene expression (730 genes) and copy number (80 genes) were measured using Nanostring PanCancer and Cancer CNV panels. Linear mixed models were employed to compare expression in tumor versus normal samples from the same patient, and to assess heterogeneity (variability) in expression among multiple ILC within an individual. RESULTS 35 and 34 genes were upregulated (FC>2) and down-regulated (FC<0.5) respectively in ILC tumor relative to adjacent normal tissue, q<0.05. 9/34 down-regulated genes (FIGF, RELN, PROM1, SFRP1, MMP7, NTRK2, LAMB3, SPRY2, KIT) had changes larger than CDH1, a hallmark of ILC. Copy number changes in these patients were relatively few but consistent across foci within each patient. Amplification of three genes (CCND1, FADD, ORAOV1) at 11q13.3 was present in 2/11 patients in both foci. We observed significant evidence of within-patient between-foci variability (heterogeneity) in gene expression for 466 genes (p<0.05 with FDR 8%), including CDH1, FIGF, RELN, SFRP1, MMP7, NTRK2, LAMB3, SPRY2 and KIT. CONCLUSIONS There was substantial variation in gene expression between ILC foci within patients, including known markers of ILC, suggesting an additional level of complexity that should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Norton
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pooja P. Advani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Serie
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xochiquetzal J. Geiger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Necela
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bianca C. Axenfeld
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Kachergus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ryan W. Feathers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Carr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julia E. Crook
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alvaro Moreno-Aspitia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Panos Z. Anastasiadis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Edith A. Perez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - E. Aubrey Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Honisch S, Yu W, Liu G, Alesutan I, Towhid ST, Tsapara A, Schleicher S, Handgretinger R, Stournaras C, Lang F. Chorein addiction in VPS13A overexpressing rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10309-19. [PMID: 25871399 PMCID: PMC4496357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorein encoded by VPS13A (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13A) is defective in chorea-acanthocytosis. Chorein fosters neuronal cell survival, cortical actin polymerization and cell stiffness. In view of its anti-apoptotic effect in neurons, we explored whether chorein is expressed in cancer cells and influences cancer cell survival. RT-PCR was employed to determine transcript levels, specific siRNA to silence chorein, FACS analysis to follow apoptosis and Western blotting to quantify protein abundance. Chorein transcripts were detected in various cancer cell types. The mRNA coding for chorein and chorein protein were most abundant in drug resistant, poorly differentiated human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Chorein silencing significantly reduced the ratio of phosphorylated (and thus activated) to total phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI-3K), pointing to inactivation of this crucial pro-survival signaling molecule. Moreover, chorein silencing diminished transcript levels and protein expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and enhanced transcript levels of pro-apoptotic Bax. Silencing of chorein in rhabdomyosarcoma cells was followed by mitochondrial depolarization, caspase 3 activation and stimulation of early and late apoptosis. In conclusion, chorein is expressed in various cancer cells. In cells with high chorein expression levels chorein silencing promotes apoptotic cell death, an effect paralleled by down-regulation of PI-3K activity and BCL-2/Bax expression ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Honisch
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Willi Yu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guilai Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syeda T Towhid
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Tsapara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sabine Schleicher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Birtolo C, Go VLW, Ptasznik A, Eibl G, Pandol SJ. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase: A Link Between Inflammation and Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2016; 45:21-31. [PMID: 26658038 PMCID: PMC4859755 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Even though a strong association between inflammation and cancer has been widely accepted, the underlying precise molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. A complex signaling network between tumor and stromal cells is responsible for the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the cancer microenvironment. Tumor stromal cells such as pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and immune cells create a microenvironment that protects cancer cells through a complex interaction, ultimately facilitating their local proliferation and their migration to different sites. Furthermore, PSCs have multiple functions related to local immunity, angiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Recently, many studies have shown that members of the phosphoinositol-3-phosphate kinase (PI3K) family are activated in tumor cells, PSCs, and tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells to promote cancer growth. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines secreted by immune cells and fibroblasts within the tumor environment can activate the PI3K pathway both in cancer and inflammatory cells. In this review, we focus on the central role of the PI3K pathway in regulating the cross talk between immune/stromal cells and cancer cells. Understanding the role of the PI3K pathway in the development of chronic pancreatitis and cancer is crucial for the discovery of novel and efficacious treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Birtolo
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Internal Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Vay Liang W. Go
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrzej Ptasznik
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA
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Yamamoto-Ibusuki M, Arnedos M, André F. Targeted therapies for ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. BMC Med 2015; 13:137. [PMID: 26059247 PMCID: PMC4462184 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of breast cancers present with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-negative features and might benefit from endocrine therapy. Although endocrine therapy has notably evolved during the last decades, the invariable appearance of endocrine resistance, either primary or secondary, remains an important issue in this type of tumor. The improvement of our understanding of the cancer genome has identified some promising targets that might be responsible or linked to endocrine resistance, including alterations affecting main signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt/mTOR and CCND1/CDK4-6 as well as the identification of new ESR1 somatic mutations, leading to an array of new targeted therapies that might circumvent or prevent endocrine resistance. In this review, we have summarized the main targeted therapies that are currently being tested in ER+ breast cancer, the rationale behind them, and the new agents and combinational treatments to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Monica Arnedos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
| | - Fabrice André
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology and INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94800, France.
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Soler A, Angulo-Urarte A, Graupera M. PI3K at the crossroads of tumor angiogenesis signaling pathways. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e975624. [PMID: 27308431 PMCID: PMC4905058 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.975624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumors need blood vessels for their growth, thus providing the rationale for antiangiogenic therapy in cancer treatment. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance and low response rates have turned out to be major limitations of antiangiogenic therapy. This emphasizes the need to further understand how the vasculature in cancer can be targeted. Although endothelial cells (ECs) rely on multiple growth factors and cytokines to grow, antiangiogenic therapies have mainly centered on targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) form a family of 8 isoenzymes with non-redundant functions in normal biology and cancer. The subgroup of class I PI3Ks are situated at the crossroad of a plethora of proangiogenic signals and control cell growth, survival, motility, and metabolism. These isoenzymes have pleiotropic roles in the tumor microenvironment, including cell-autonomous functions in ECs, underscoring the complexity of targeting this pathway in cancer. Here, we describe how the PI3K axis influences angiogenesis in different cell compartments and summarize the diversity of vascular responses to PI3K inhibition. Targeting PI3K signaling by isoform-selective inhibitors, together with readjusting the current doses below the maximum tolerated dose, may improve clinical responses to class I PI3K anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Soler
- Vascular Signalling Lab; Angiogenesis Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Vascular Signalling Lab; Angiogenesis Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signalling Lab; Angiogenesis Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ; Barcelona, Spain
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46
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The tumor microenvironment shapes hallmarks of mature B-cell malignancies. Oncogene 2015; 34:4673-82. [PMID: 25639873 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B-cell tumorigenesis results from a host of known and unknown genetic anomalies, including non-random translocations of genes that normally function as determinants of cell proliferation or cell survival to regions juxtaposed to active immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer elements, chromosomal aneuploidy, somatic mutations that further affect oncogenic signaling and loss of heterozygosity of tumor-suppressor genes. However, it is critical to recognize that even in the setting of a genetic disease, the B-cell/plasma cell tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes significantly to malignant transformation and pathogenesis. Over a decade ago, we proposed the concept of cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance to delineate a form of TME-mediated drug resistance that protects hematopoietic tumor cells from the initial effect of diverse therapies. In the interim, it has been increasingly appreciated that TME also contributes to tumor initiation and progression through sustained growth/proliferation, self-renewal capacity, immune evasion, migration and invasion as well as resistance to cell death in a host of B-cell malignancies, including mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. Within this review, we propose that TME and the tumor co-evolve as a consequence of bidirectional signaling networks. As such, TME represents an important target and should be considered integral to tumor progression and drug response.
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Yang MH, Chung TW, Lu YS, Chen YL, Tsai WC, Jong SB, Yuan SS, Liao PC, Lin PC, Tyan YC. Activation of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway by silk fibroin modified chitosan nanoparticles in hepatic cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1657-76. [PMID: 25588218 PMCID: PMC4307326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a protein with bulky hydrophobic domains and can be easily purified as sericin-free silk-based biomaterial. Silk fibroin modified chitosan nanoparticle (SF-CSNP), a biocompatible material, has been widely used as a potential drug delivery system. Our current investigation studied the bio-effects of the SF-CSNP uptake by liver cells. In this experiment, the characterizations of SF-CSNPs were measured by particle size analysis and protein assay. The average size of the SF-CSNP was 311.9 ± 10.7 nm, and the average zeta potential was +13.33 ± 0.3 mV. The SF coating on the SF-CSNP was 6.27 ± 0.17 μg/mL. Moreover, using proteomic approaches, several proteins involved in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway were identified by analysis of differential protein expressions of HepG2 cell uptake the SF-CSNP. Our experimental results have demonstrated that the SF-CSNP may be involved in liver cancer cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Tze-Wen Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shan Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Chi Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shiang-Bin Jong
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shyng-Shiou Yuan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Chiao Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Burke JE, Williams RL. Synergy in activating class I PI3Ks. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:88-100. [PMID: 25573003 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that transduce a host of cellular signals and regulate a broad range of essential functions including growth, proliferation, and migration. As such, PI3Ks have pivotal roles in diseases such as cancer, diabetes, primary immune disorders, and inflammation. These enzymes are activated downstream of numerous activating stimuli including receptor tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and the Ras superfamily of small G proteins. A major challenge is to decipher how each PI3K isoform is able to successfully synergize these inputs into their intended signaling function. This article highlights recent progress in characterizing the molecular mechanisms of PI3K isoform-specific activation pathways, as well as novel roles for PI3Ks in human diseases, specifically cancer and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Drive, Victoria BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Roger L Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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Falasca M, Maffucci T. Targeting p110gamma in gastrointestinal cancers: attack on multiple fronts. Front Physiol 2014; 5:391. [PMID: 25360116 PMCID: PMC4197894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate several cellular functions that are critical for cancer progression and development, including cell survival, proliferation and migration. Three classes of PI3Ks exist with the class I PI3K encompassing four isoforms of the catalytic subunit known as p110α, p110β, p110γ, and p110δ. Although for many years attention has been mainly focused on p110α recent evidence supports the conclusion that p110β, p110γ, and p110δ can also have a role in cancer. Amongst these, accumulating evidence now indicates that p110γ is involved in several cellular processes associated with cancer and indeed this specific isoform has emerged as a novel important player in cancer progression. Studies from our laboratory have identified a specific overexpression of p110γ in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared to their normal counterparts. Our data have further established that selective inhibition of p110γ is able to block PDAC and HCC cell proliferation, strongly suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of this enzyme can directly affect growth of these tumors. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that p110γ plays also a key role in the interactions between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment and in particular in tumor-associated immune response. It has also been reported that p110γ can regulate invasion of myeloid cells into tumors and tumor angiogenesis. Finally p110γ has also been directly involved in regulation of cancer cell migration. Taken together these data indicate that p110γ plays multiple roles in regulation of several processes that are critical for tumor progression and metastasis. This review will discuss the role of p110γ in gastrointestinal tumor development and progression and how targeting this enzyme might represent a way to target very aggressive tumors such as pancreatic and liver cancer on multiple fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Falasca
- Inositide Signalling Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
| | - Tania Maffucci
- Inositide Signalling Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
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50
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Dual contribution of MAPK and PI3K in epidermal growth factor-induced destabilization of thyroid follicular integrity and invasion of cells into extracellular matrix. Exp Cell Res 2014; 326:210-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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