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Ma Q, Ye S, Liu H, Zhao Y, Zhang W. The emerging role and mechanism of HMGA2 in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:259. [PMID: 38753081 PMCID: PMC11098884 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a member of the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group (HMG) protein family, which participate in embryonic development and other biological processes. HMGA2 overexpression is associated with breast cancer (BC) cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, HMGA2 expression is positively associated with poor prognosis of patients with BC, and inhibiting HMGA2 signaling can stimulate BC cell progression and metastasis. In this review, we focus on HMGA2 expression changes in BC tissues and multiple BC cell lines. Wnt/β-catenin, STAT3, CNN6, and TRAIL-R2 proteins are upstream mediators of HMGA2 that can induce BC invasion and metastasis. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) can suppress BC cell growth, invasion, and metastasis by inhibiting HMGA2 expression. Furthermore, long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) and circular RNAs (CircRNAs) mainly regulate HMGA2 mRNA and protein expression levels by sponging miRNAs, thereby promoting BC development. Additionally, certain small molecule inhibitors can suppress BC drug resistance by reducing HMGA2 expression. Finally, we summarize findings demonstrating that HMGA2 siRNA and HMGA2 siRNA-loaded nanoliposomes can suppress BC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sisi Ye
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Long L, Sun Q, Yang F, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xiao C, He Q, Yi B. Significance of SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation in stool for colorectal cancer diagnosis. Clin Biochem 2024; 124:110717. [PMID: 38224931 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have identified methylated SDC2 and NDRG4 in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the diagnostic value of the combined two genes remains undefined. This study aims to investigate the methylation of SDC2 and NDRG4 in stool samples and their application in diagnosis of CRC. METHODS Five groups were enrolled in our study which consisted of CRC (n = 138), advanced adenomas (n = 27), polyp (n = 35), intestinal disease control (n = 150), and healthy individuals (n = 28). Methylation status of SDC2 and NDRG4 in fecal samples were tested with appropriate commercial kits. Primary data were collected and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS The positive rates of both SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation in stool samples of CRC group were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those of either group of advanced adenomas, or polyp, or intestinal disease or the healthy control. It was suggested that both methylated SDC2,NDRG4, SDC2/NDRG4 and age were independent risk factors for CRC. The sensitivity of SDC2 and NDRG4 for CRC diagnosis were 73.9 % and 63.0 %, respectively, while SDC2 combined with NDRG4 had a higher sensitivity of 85.5 %. The specificity of SDC2, NDRG4 and SDC2 combined with NDRG4 achieved 91.6 %, 88.3 % and 84.6 %, respectively. The AUC for methylated SDC2 and NDRG4 were 0.828 (95 % CI: 0.780-0.876) and 0.757 (95 % CI: 0.703-0.811), respectively. In contrast, SDC2 combined with NDRG4 improved the AUC to 0.850 (95 % CI: 0.807-0.893). CONCLUSIONS This research confirmed the significance of detection of SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation by using noninvasive samples of stool. More importantly, attributing to their high level and frequency of methylation in stool, SDC2 and NDRG4 could be promising biomarkers for stool-based method for screening and early diagnosis of CRC, especially when combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Yu Wang
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd. Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, China.
| | - Changhe Xiao
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd. Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, China.
| | - Qing He
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd. Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, China.
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China.
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3
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Abd El Fattah YK, Abulsoud AI, AbdelHamid SG, AbdelHalim S, Hamdy NM. CCDC144NL-AS1/hsa-miR-143-3p/HMGA2 interaction: In-silico and clinically implicated in CRC progression, correlated to tumor stage and size in case-controlled study; step toward ncRNA precision. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126739. [PMID: 37690651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Unravel the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA CCDC144NL-AS1 in CRC hsa-miR-143-3p, downstream protein HMGA2 interaction arm, association with clinicopathological characteristics. Using peripheral blood as liquid biopsy from 60 CRC patients and 30 controls. The expression levels of CCDC144NL-AS1 and hsa-miR-143-3p detected by qRT-PCR. CCDC144NL-AS1 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC patients' sera, associated with worse CRC clinicopathological features regarding the depth of tumor invasion and highly significant difference between tumor stages 3 and 4 and tumor stages 2 and 4. While, hsa-miR-143-3p expression was downregulated in CRC patients by 4.5-fold change when compared to the control subjects (p < 0.0001) and HMGA2 increased in CRC patients than controls 19.59 ng/μL and 5.377 ng/μL, respectively (p < 0.0001) with significant difference between tumor stages 3 and 4 as well as tumor stages 2 and 4. CRC patients with large tumor size showed upregulation in CCDC144NL-AS1 expression and HMGA2 levels compared to those with small tumor size (p-value = 0.0365 and 0.013, respectively). CCDC144NL-AS1 and HMGA2 were positively correlated, whereas lncRNA CCDC144NL-AS1 and hsa-miR-143-3p were negatively correlated. Conclusion: As an interaction arm CCDC144NL-AS1/hsa-miR-143-3p/HMGA2 were correlated to CRC stages 2-4. Therefore, this interaction arm expression clinically and in silico approved, would direct treatment precision in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine K Abd El Fattah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, El Salam City, 11785, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, El Salam City, 11785, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boy's Branch), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherihan G AbdelHamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif AbdelHalim
- Department of General surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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4
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Xie H, Wei M, Yao L, Liu Y, Xie X, Li X. The Significance of Human Papillomavirus Receptors Related Genetic Variants in Cervical Cancer Screening. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0511722. [PMID: 37358427 PMCID: PMC10434196 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05117-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human papillomavirus (HPV) receptor associated genes and HPV susceptibility and clinical outcomes in Chinese women, from October 2016 to March 2020, a total of 3,066 women were recruited for a 3-year prospective population-based cervical cancer screening clinical trial. The primary endpoint was histological cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and worse (CIN2+). Twenty-nine SNPs of HPV receptor associated genes on women with available cytology residual samples at baseline were detected using MALDI-TOF MS. Eligible data were available for 2,938 women. Rs16894821 (GG versus AA, OR =1.71 [1.08 to 2.69]) and rs724236 (TT versus AA, OR = 1.73 [1.14 to 2.62]) in SDC2 were significantly related to the HPV susceptibility. And rs2575712 (TT versus GG, OR = 2.78 [1.22 to 6.36]) in SDC2 was associated with increased HPV 16/18 susceptibility. Four SNPs (rs1047057 and rs10510097 in FGFR2 gene, rs2575735 in SDC2 gene, and rs878949 in HSPG2 gene) were significantly associated with persistent HPV infection. Importantly, the genotypes of rs16894821 under recessive model (GG versus AA/AG, OR = 2.40 [1.12 to 5.15]) in SDC2 and rs11199993 under dominant model (GC/CC versus GG, OR = 1.64 [1.01 to 2.68]) in FGFR2 were significantly associated with the disease progression. Finally, SNPs showed comparable efficacy in detecting CIN2+ for the women infected with non-HPV16/18 compared with cervical cytology (sensitivity: 0.51 [0.36 to 0.66] versus 0.44 [0.30 to 0.60], specificity: 0.96 [0.96 to 0.97] versus 0.98 [0.97 to 0.99], positive predictive value: 0.23 [0.15 to 0.33] versus 0.33 [0.22 to 0.47], and negative predictive value: 0.99 [0.98 to 0.99] versus 0.99 [0.98 to 0.99]). SNPs in HPV receptor related genes may influence HPV susceptibilities and clinical outcomes in Chinese women. IMPORTANCE Virus receptors are known to mediate virus attachment and further lead to virus infection of the host cells. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human papillomavirus (HPV) receptor associated genes and HPV susceptibility and clinical outcomes in Chinese women, and to explore the new triaging strategy for non-16/18 high-risk HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjing Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifang Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, 2 Hengbu Street, Liuxia Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Revisiting the Syndecans: Master Signaling Regulators with Prognostic and Targetable Therapeutic Values in Breast Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061794. [PMID: 36980680 PMCID: PMC10046401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecans (SDC1 to 4), a family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, are frequently expressed in mammalian tissues. SDCs are aberrantly expressed either on tumor or stromal cells, influencing cancer initiation and progression through their pleiotropic role in different signaling pathways relevant to proliferation, cell-matrix adhesion, migration, invasion, metastasis, cancer stemness, and angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the key roles of SDCs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the most common malignancy in females worldwide, focusing on the prognostic significance and molecular regulators of SDC expression and localization in either breast tumor tissue or its microenvironmental cells and the SDC-dependent epithelial–mesenchymal transition program. This review also highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of SDCs in regulating breast cancer cell behavior via modulation of nuclear hormone receptor signaling, microRNA expression, and exosome biogenesis and functions, as well as summarizing the potential of SDCs as promising candidate targets for therapeutic strategies against breast cancer.
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6
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Yuan Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Dou H, Yu X, Zhang Z, Yang S, Xiao M. Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 36906534 PMCID: PMC10007858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including adjuvant therapies and targeted therapies are effective in eliminating cancer cells but in a limited number of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in tumor development through changes in macromolecule components, degradation enzymes and stiffness. These variations are under the control of cellular components in tumor tissue via the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, the interaction of the ECM components to multiple surface receptors, and mechanical impact. Additionally, the ECM shaped by cancer regulates immune cells which results in an immune suppressive microenvironment and hinders the efficacy of immunotherapies. Thus, the ECM acts as a barrier to protect cancer from treatments and supports tumor progression. Nevertheless, the profound regulatory network of the ECM remodeling hampers the design of individualized antitumor treatment. Here, we elaborate on the composition of the malignant ECM, and discuss the specific mechanisms of the ECM remodeling. Precisely, we highlight the impact of the ECM remodeling on tumor development, including proliferation, anoikis, metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune escape. Finally, we emphasize ECM "normalization" as a potential strategy for anti-malignant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - He Dou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder and Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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7
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Yang H, Wang L. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 157:251-291. [PMID: 36725112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are glycoproteins that consist of a proteoglycan "core" protein and covalently attached heparan sulfate (HS) chain. HSPGs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and secretory vesicles. Within HSPGs, the protein cores determine when and where HSPG expression takes place, and the HS chains mediate most of HSPG's biological roles through binding various protein ligands, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and receptors, morphogens, proteases, protease inhibitors, and ECM proteins. Through these interactions, HSPGs modulate cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis to display essential functions in physiology and pathology. Under physiological conditions, the expression and localization of HSPGs are finely regulated to orchestrate their physiological functions, and this is disrupted in cancer. The HSPG dysregulation elicits multiple oncogenic signaling, including growth factor signaling, ECM and Integrin signaling, chemokine and immune signaling, cancer stem cell, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence, to prompt cell transformation, proliferation, tumor invasion and metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and inflammation, and immunotolerance. These oncogenic roles make HSPGs an attractive pharmacological target for anti-cancer therapy. Several therapeutic strategies have been under development, including anti-HSPG antibodies, peptides and HS mimetics, synthetic xylosides, and heparinase inhibitors, and shown promising anti-cancer efficacy. Therefore, much progress has been made in this line of study. However, it needs to bear in mind that the roles of HSPGs in cancer can be either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive, depending on the HSPG and the cancer cell type with the underlying mechanisms that remain obscure. Further studies need to address these to fill the knowledge gap and rationalize more efficient therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Bryd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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8
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Ho GY, Kyran EL, Bedo J, Wakefield MJ, Ennis DP, Mirza HB, Vandenberg CJ, Lieschke E, Farrell A, Hadla A, Lim R, Dall G, Vince JE, Chua NK, Kondrashova O, Upstill-Goddard R, Bailey UM, Dowson S, Roxburgh P, Glasspool RM, Bryson G, Biankin AV, Cooke SL, Ratnayake G, McNally O, Traficante N, DeFazio A, Weroha SJ, Bowtell DD, McNeish IA, Papenfuss AT, Scott CL, Barker HE. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Supports Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Tumorigenesis and Confers Sensitivity to Microtubule Targeting with Eribulin. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4457-4473. [PMID: 36206301 PMCID: PMC9716257 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an aggressive and rare tumor type with limited treatment options. OCS is hypothesized to develop via the combination theory, with a single progenitor resulting in carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, or alternatively via the conversion theory, with the sarcomatous component developing from the carcinomatous component through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we analyzed DNA variants from isolated carcinoma and sarcoma components to show that OCS from 18 women is monoclonal. RNA sequencing indicated that the carcinoma components were more mesenchymal when compared with pure epithelial ovarian carcinomas, supporting the conversion theory and suggesting that EMT is important in the formation of these tumors. Preclinical OCS models were used to test the efficacy of microtubule-targeting drugs, including eribulin, which has previously been shown to reverse EMT characteristics in breast cancers and induce differentiation in sarcomas. Vinorelbine and eribulin more effectively inhibited OCS growth than standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy, and treatment with eribulin reduced mesenchymal characteristics and N-MYC expression in OCS patient-derived xenografts. Eribulin treatment resulted in an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in OCS cells, which triggered a downregulation of the mevalonate pathway and prevented further cholesterol biosynthesis. Finally, eribulin increased expression of genes related to immune activation and increased the intratumoral accumulation of CD8+ T cells, supporting exploration of immunotherapy combinations in the clinic. Together, these data indicate that EMT plays a key role in OCS tumorigenesis and support the conversion theory for OCS histogenesis. Targeting EMT using eribulin could help improve OCS patient outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE Genomic analyses and preclinical models of ovarian carcinosarcoma support the conversion theory for disease development and indicate that microtubule inhibitors could be used to suppress EMT and stimulate antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo Yaw Ho
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Kyran
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Bedo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Wakefield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren P. Ennis
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan B. Mirza
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra J. Vandenberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Lieschke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Farrell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Hadla
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ratana Lim
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Genevieve Dall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James E. Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ngee Kiat Chua
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosanna Upstill-Goddard
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ulla-Maja Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Dowson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Roxburgh
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind M. Glasspool
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Bryson
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susanna L. Cooke
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Orla McNally
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anna DeFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. John Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David D. Bowtell
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iain A. McNeish
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony T. Papenfuss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare L. Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holly E. Barker
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Siri G, Alesaeidi S, Dizghandi SE, Alani B, Mosallaei M, Soosanabadi M. Analysis of SDC2 gene promoter methylation in whole blood for noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:S354-S358. [PMID: 36510988 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1072_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Considering the limitations of the current approaches to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, scientists strived to find noninvasive and more powerful biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CRC. Nowadays, there are different sources of biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. Blood-based samples including circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) and DNA extracted from leukocytes in peripheral blood might be promising sources of noninvasive cancer biomarkers such as cancer-specific methylation patterns. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the noninvasive early diagnosis of CRC via quantitative promotor methylation analysis of SDC2 gene in whole blood. Materials and Methods Sixty-five CRC patients and 65 healthy participants were enrolled to assess promoter methylation of SDC2 gene in whole blood using the methylation quantification endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) technique. Results Our findings demonstrated drastic hypermethylation of SDC2 in blood samples from CRC subjects (37.91%) compared with non-malignant individuals (17.02%) (P < 0.001). The sensitivity for detection of CRC by methylation of SDC2 was 81.54%, with a specificity of 69.23%. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the AUC was 0.847 (P < 0.001), indicating that the status of SDC2 promoter methylation in whole blood is an excellent biomarker of CRC diagnosis. Furthermore, our results showed that methylation level in CRC patients significantly increased in higher tumor stages, demonstrating that an increased percentage of methylation is correlated with tumor progression (P < 0.001). Conclusion SDC2 promoter methylation status in blood samples is a valuable cancer biomarker and holds high power and accuracy in distinguishing CRC patients from healthy subjects in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Alesaeidi
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran; Department of Medical Genetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Soosanabadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences; Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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10
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Mao XD, Wei X, Xu T, Li TP, Liu KS. Research progress in breast cancer stem cells: characterization and future perspectives. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3208-3222. [PMID: 35968346 PMCID: PMC9360222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
More and more studies have proved that there are a small number of cells with self-renewal and differentiation ability in breast tumors, namely breast cancer stem cells. Such cells play a key role in the initiation, development and migration of breast tumors. The properties of breast tumor stem cells are regulated by a range of intracellular and extracellular factors, including important signaling pathways, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, and cytokines such as Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch, microRNA93, microRNA100, and IL-6. Tumor microenvironment (such as mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages and cytokines) plays an important role in the regulation of breast tumor stem cells. Using the keywords including "breast cancer stem cells", "signal pathway", "chemotherapy tolerance", and "non-coding RNA", "triple negative breast cancer", "inhibitors", this study retrieved the original articles and reviews published before October 3, 2021, from PubMed and WEB OF SCI database and this study performed a comprehensive review of them. After treatment, there is a correlation between the metastasis-prone nature and recurrence with breast cancer stem cells. The signaling pathway of breast cancer stem cells plays a significant role in activating the function of breast cancer cells, regulating the differentiation of breast cancer cells and controlling the division of breast cancer cells. This imbalance leads to the uncontrolled growth and development of breast cancer cells. Targeted therapy that blocks the corresponding pathway may become a new perspective for breast cancer treatment. In addition, corresponding therapeutic strategies can be used according to the expression characteristics of different molecular types of breast cancer stem cells. For ER-positive breast cancer, simultaneous endocrine therapy and targeted therapy of tumor stem cells may improve the efficacy of endocrine therapy. Trastuzumab therapy significantly reduces the risk of recurrence of HER2-positive breast cancer. For drug-resistant patients, combination therapy is required due to the different phenotypes of epithelial-mesenchymal transforming tumor stem cells. This study briefly reviews the research progress of breast cancer stem cell-related signaling pathways and their inhibitors, in order to provide a reference for breast cancer patients to obtain more effective clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Global Health InstituteXi’an 710049, Shanxi, China
| | - Tai-Ping Li
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang-Sheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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11
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The emerging role of miR-653 in human cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 79:102208. [PMID: 35777307 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) refer to a family of non-coding RNA with ~22 nucleotides in length. A high number of studies show evidence that deregulation in miRNAs expression could be implicated in the processes of many pathologies such as cancer, hypoxia, and stroke. Herein, we aimed to summarize the miR-653 expression level and molecular mechanisms through which it functions in human cancer. It was found that variations in miR-653 expression are linked to tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in human cancer, and it plays an inhibitory effect in some types of cancer, such as breast, cervical, liver, renal, and lung cancers. In contrast, it plays an acceleratory impact in some other cancers, such as bladder and prostate cancers. In gastric cancer, the role played by miR-653 is still controversial and will need to be elucidated in future studies. Future studies could definitely establish targeting miR-653 as a novel strategy in human cancer, from diagnosis to effective treatment.
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12
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A novel method for early detection of colorectal cancer based on detection of methylation of two fragments of syndecan-2 (SDC2) in stool DNA. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:191. [PMID: 35436855 PMCID: PMC9014784 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methylated SDC2 has been proved as a diagnostic marker for human colorectal cancer (CRC), noninvasive stool DNA-based methylation testing also emerges as a novel approach for detecting CRC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of stool DNA-based SDC2 methylation test by a new qPCR detection reagent for early detection of CRC. Methods A new qPCR detection reagent contained two differentially methylated regions in SDC2 CpG islands for the detection of CRC was used in this study. Performance of the SDC2 methylation detection reagent was evaluated by analyzing limit of detection, precision, and specificity. The effect of interfering substances on assay performance was also tested. 339 subjects (102 CRC patients, 50 patients with advanced adenomas, 39 patients with non-advanced adenomas, 18 colitis patients and 130 normal individuals) from the China-Japan Friendship Hospital were evaluated. Approximately 2.5 g of stool sample was collected from each participant. Stool DNA was extracted and bisulfite-converted, followed by qPCR assay, which contained two pairs of primers for the methylation detection of two fragments of the SDC2 gene (named SDC2-A and SDC2-B). The diagnostic value of this test in CRC was evaluated by calculating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and value of the area under the curve (AUC). Results The test kit was able to detect methylated SDC2 in stool DNA samples with concentrations as low as 90 copies/μL in 100% of replicates. The sensitivity for detecting CRC by methylated SDC2-A alone was 85.29% (95% CI 77.03–91.00%) with a specificity of 96.15% (95% CI 91.08–98.58%). The sensitivity by methylated SDC2-B alone was 83.33% (95% CI 74.82–89.42%) with a specificity of 97.69% (95% CI 93.14–99.51%). However, when methylated SDC2-A and methylated SDC2-B were combined, the sensitivity for CRC detection improved to 87.25% (95% CI 79.27–92.53%) with a specificity of 94.62% (95% CI 89.11–97.56%). Further, the detection reagent achieved ROC-AUC 0.874 (95% CI 0.822–0.927) for SDC2-A, 0.906 (95% CI 0.859–0.952) for SDC2-B, and 0.939 (95% CI 0.902–0.977) for SDC2-Combine A&B. Conclusions This study validated the capability of stool DNA-based SDC2 methylation test for early screening of CRC, and combined detection of two fragments of SDC2 gene could improve detection sensitivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02264-3.
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Harnessing RKIP to Combat Heart Disease and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040867. [PMID: 35205615 PMCID: PMC8870036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and heart disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases have common risk factors, common molecular signaling pathways that are central to their pathogenesis, and even some disease phenotypes that are interdependent. Thus, a detailed understanding of common regulators is critical for the development of new and synergistic therapeutic strategies. The Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is a regulator of the cellular kinome that functions to maintain cellular robustness and prevent the progression of diseases including heart disease and cancer. Two of the key signaling pathways controlled by RKIP are the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling to protein kinase A (PKA), particularly in the heart, and the MAP kinase cascade Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 that regulates multiple diseases. The goal of this review is to discuss how we can leverage RKIP to suppress cancer without incurring deleterious effects on the heart. Specifically, we discuss: (1) How RKIP functions to either suppress or activate βAR (PKA) and ERK1/2 signaling; (2) How we can prevent cancer-promoting kinase signaling while at the same time avoiding cardiotoxicity.
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14
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Zhang H, Li X, Wu J, Zhang J, Huang H, Li Y, Li M, Wang S, Xia J, Qi L, Chen T, Ao L. A qualitative transcriptional signature of recurrence risk for stages II-III gastric cancer patients after surgical resection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2501-2512. [PMID: 33565610 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Metastasis is the leading cause of recurrence in gastric cancer. However, the imaging techniques and pathological examinations for tumor metastasis have a high false-positive rate or a high false-negative rate, and many proposed that metastasis-related molecular biomarkers can hardly be validated in independent datasets. METHODS We propose to use significantly stable gene pairs with reversal relative expression orderings (REOs) between non-metastasis and metastasis gastric cancer samples as the metastasis-related gene pairs. Based on the REOs of these gene pairs, we developed a qualitative transcriptional signature for predicting the recurrence risk of stages II-III gastric cancer patients after surgical resection. RESULTS A REOs-based signature, consisting of 19 gene pairs (19-GPS), was selected from 77 stages II-III gastric cancer patients and validated in two independent datasets. Samples in the high-risk group had shorter disease-free survival time and overall survival time than those in the low-risk group. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the high- and low-risk groups classified by 19-GPS were highly reproducible comparing with those between lymph node metastasis and lymph node non-metastasis groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in metastasis-related pathways, such as PI3K-Akt and Rap1 signaling pathways. The multi-omics analyses suggested that the epigenetic and genomic features might cause transcriptional differences between two subgroups, which help to characterize the mechanism of gastric cancer metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The signature could robustly identify patients at high recurrence risk after resection surgery, and the multi-omics analyses might aid in revealing the metastasis-related characteristics of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junling Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lishuang Qi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Ao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Górecki I, Rak B. The role of microRNAs in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancers; focusing on mir-200 family. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100385. [PMID: 34023767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process associated with cancer malignancy and metastases. Cells undergoing EMT lose their epithelial phenotype and acquire mesenchymal phenotype. This process is accompanied by several molecular changes such as decrease of E-cadherin and increase of N-cadherin which is called the "cadherin swich". MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non-coding RNAs having ability to regulate genes post-transcriptionally. Nowadays they are believed to take part in multiple physiological and pathological processes including cancer development. Comparison between TargetScan7 (www.targetscan.org) results for miR-200b and metanalysis of genes involved in EMT showed that miR-200b has a potential binding site in 60 genes that are involved in EMT (the majority of them were associated with mesenchymal phenotype). Our review summarizes literature findings contributing to experimentally proven interactions between miR-200b and genes involved in EMT process including cell receptors, signaling pathways, cell cycle or cell adhesion. The results of those interactions indicate that miR-200b may have an inhibitory impact on EMT or even in selected cases is able to restore epithelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Górecki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Nielubowicza 5, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Street Banacha 1A, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Zhang W, Yang C, Wang S, Xiang Z, Dou R, Lin Z, Zheng J, Xiong B. SDC2 and TFPI2 Methylation in Stool Samples as an Integrated Biomarker for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3601-3617. [PMID: 33958894 PMCID: PMC8096344 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s300861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detection of aberrant methylated DNA in the stool is an effective early screening method for colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, reporters identified that syndecan-2 (SDC2) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) were aberrantly methylated in most CRC tissues. However, the combined diagnostic role of them remains undefined. Our research aimed at probing the role and efficiency of the methylation status of SDC2 and TFPI2 in CRC early screening by using bioinformatics analysis and clinical stool sample validation. Methods The promoter and CpG site methylation levels of SDC2 and TFPI2 and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of CRC were analyzed using UALCAN, Methsurv, and Wanderer. UCSC Xena was used to perform survival analyses. LinkedOmics was used to do functional network analysis. DNA was isolated and purified from stool, and quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) was applied to detect methylatedSDC2 and TFPI2. Results The results showed that promoter and most CpG site methylation levels of SDC2 and TFPI2 were significantly higher in CRC than in normal tissues. Moreover, SDC2 and TFPI2 methylation showed a positive correlation. Functional network analysis suggested that both methylated SDC2 and TFPI2 were involved in tumor cells’ metabolic programs. Besides, there was a higher positive integrated detection rate in CRC (n=61) with a sensitivity of 93.4% and in adenoma (Ade) (n=16) with a sensitivity of 81.3% than normal with a specificity of 94.3% in stool samples. What is more, integration of methylated SDC2 and TFPI2 showed a higher sensitivity and Youden index than a single gene in detecting Adeor CRC. Conclusion Our data indicate that SDC2 and TFPI2 were hypermethylated in CRC, and integrated detection of methylated SDC2 and TFPI2 in stool has the potential to be an effective and noninvasive tool of CRC early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaogang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxian Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhang Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaihuan Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Amahong K, Sun X, Lian X, Liu J, Sun H, Lou Y, Zhu F, Qiu Y. The miRNA: a small but powerful RNA for COVID-19. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:1137-1149. [PMID: 33675361 PMCID: PMC7989616 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a severe and rapidly evolving epidemic. Now, although a few drugs and vaccines have been proved for its treatment and prevention, little systematic comments are made to explain its susceptibility to humans. A few scattered studies used bioinformatics methods to explore the role of microRNA (miRNA) in COVID-19 infection. Combining these timely reports and previous studies about virus and miRNA, we comb through the available clues and seemingly make the perspective reasonable that the COVID-19 cleverly exploits the interplay between the small miRNA and other biomolecules to avoid being effectively recognized and attacked from host immune protection as well to deactivate functional genes that are crucial for immune system. In detail, SARS-CoV-2 can be regarded as a sponge to adsorb host immune-related miRNA, which forces host fall into dysfunction status of immune system. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 encodes its own miRNAs, which can enter host cell and are not perceived by the host's immune system, subsequently targeting host function genes to cause illnesses. Therefore, this article presents a reasonable viewpoint that the miRNA-based interplays between the host and SARS-CoV-2 may be the primary cause that SARS-CoV-2 accesses and attacks the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | | | - Xiuna Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xichen Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Huaicheng Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
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Upregulation of miR-29a suppressed the migration and invasion of trophoblasts by directly targeting LOXL2 in preeclampsia. J Hypertens 2021; 39:1642-1651. [PMID: 33657581 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder that is a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality, with a prevalence of 6-8% of pregnancies. Although the downregulation of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like protein 2 (LOXL2), which leads to reduced trophoblast cell migration and invasion through activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3/collagen pathway, is relevant to preeclampsia, the mechanisms regulating differences in the gene expression of LOX and LOXL2 in placentas are not yet understood. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms regulating differences in the gene expression of LOX and LOXL2 in placentas. METHODS The expression of miRNAs, LOX and LOXL2 in preeclamptic placentas and control placentas was analysed by qPCR. Localisation of miR29a and LOXL2 in preeclamptic placentas was performed by RNA-Fluorescence in-situ hybridization assay. The direct regulation of LOXL2 by miR-29a was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assays in human extravillous trophoblast cells (HTR8/SVneo). Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell assays in HTR8/SVneo cells. RESULTS miR-29a expression was upregulated in preeclamptic placentas and negatively correlated with LOXL2 mRNA expression levels. RNA-Fluorescence in-situ hybridization assay revealed a clear overlap between miR-29a and LOXL2 in the placentas of preeclampic women. LOXL2 was a direct target gene of miR-29a, as confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay in HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cells. miR-29a suppressed HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cell migration and invasion. LOXL2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-29a on HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the upregulation of miR-29a suppresses the migration and invasion of HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cells by directly targeting LOXL2 in preeclampsia.
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Loftus PG, Watson L, Deedigan LM, Camarillo‐Retamosa E, Dwyer RM, O'Flynn L, Alagesan S, Griffin M, O'Brien T, Kerin MJ, Elliman SJ, Barkley LR. Targeting stromal cell Syndecan-2 reduces breast tumour growth, metastasis and limits immune evasion. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:1245-1259. [PMID: 33152121 PMCID: PMC7839764 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumour stromal cells support tumourigenesis. We report that Syndecan-2 (SDC2) is expressed on a nonepithelial, nonhaematopoietic, nonendothelial stromal cell population within breast cancer tissue. In vitro, syndecan-2 modulated TGFβ signalling (SMAD7, PAI-1), migration and immunosuppression of patient-derived tumour-associated stromal cells (TASCs). In an orthotopic immunocompromised breast cancer model, overexpression of syndecan-2 in TASCs significantly enhanced TGFβ signalling (SMAD7, PAI-1), tumour growth and metastasis, whereas reducing levels of SDC2 in TASCs attenuated TGFβ signalling (SMAD7, PAI-1, CXCR4), tumour growth and metastasis. To explore the potential for therapeutic application, a syndecan-2-peptide was generated that inhibited the migratory and immunosuppressive properties of TASCs in association with reduced expression of TGFβ-regulated immunosuppressive genes, such as CXCR4 and PD-L1. Moreover, using an orthotopic syngeneic breast cancer model, overexpression of syndecan-2-peptide in TASCs reduced tumour growth and immunosuppression within the TME. These data provide evidence that targeting stromal syndecan-2 within the TME inhibits tumour growth and metastasis due to decreased TGFβ signalling and increased immune control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Loftus
- Lambe Institute for Translational ResearchNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
- Orbsen TherapeuticsNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Luke Watson
- Lambe Institute for Translational ResearchNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | | | | | - Róisín M. Dwyer
- Lambe Institute for Translational ResearchNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Lisa O'Flynn
- Orbsen TherapeuticsNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
- Lisa O'Flynn, Avectas Ltd, Maynooth UniversityCo KildareIreland
| | | | - Matthew Griffin
- Lambe Institute for Translational ResearchNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Lambe Institute for Translational ResearchNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Michael J. Kerin
- Lambe Institute for Translational ResearchNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | | | - Laura R. Barkley
- Lambe Institute for Translational ResearchNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
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HMGA2 as a Critical Regulator in Cancer Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020269. [PMID: 33668453 PMCID: PMC7917704 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group protein 2 (HMGA2) regulates gene expression by binding to AT-rich regions of DNA. Akin to other DNA architectural proteins, HMGA2 is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells during embryogenesis, while its expression is more limited at later stages of development and in adulthood. Importantly, HMGA2 is re-expressed in nearly all human malignancies, where it promotes tumorigenesis by multiple mechanisms. HMGA2 increases cancer cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle entry and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, HMGA2 influences different DNA repair mechanisms and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by activating signaling via the MAPK/ERK, TGFβ/Smad, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NFkB, and STAT3 pathways. Moreover, HMGA2 supports a cancer stem cell phenotype and renders cancer cells resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss these oncogenic roles of HMGA2 in different types of cancers and propose that HMGA2 may be used for cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes.
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Wang J, Liu S, Wang H, Zheng L, Zhou C, Li G, Huang R, Wang H, Li C, Fan X, Fu X, Wang X, Guo H, Guan J, Sun Y, Song X, Li Z, Mu D, Sun J, Liu X, Qi Y, Niu F, Chen C, Wu X, Wang X, Song X, Zou H. Robust performance of a novel stool DNA test of methylated SDC2 for colorectal cancer detection: a multicenter clinical study. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:162. [PMID: 33126908 PMCID: PMC7602331 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stool DNA testing is an emerging and attractive option for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We previously evaluated the feasibility of a stool DNA (sDNA) test of methylated SDC2 for CRC detection. The aim of this study was to assess its performance in a multicenter clinical trial setting. METHODS Each participant was required to undergo a sDNA test and a reference colonoscopy. The sDNA test consists of quantitative assessment of methylation status of SDC2 promoter. Results of real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR were dichotomized as positive and negative, and the main evaluation indexes were sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value. All sDNA tests were performed and analyzed independently of colonoscopy. RESULTS Among the 1110 participants from three clinical sites analyzed, 359 and 38 were diagnosed, respectively, with CRC and advanced adenomas by colonoscopy. The sensitivity of the sDNA test was 301/359 (83.8%) for CRC, 16/38 (42.1%) for advanced adenomas, and 134/154 (87.0%) for early stage CRC (stage I-II). Detection rate did not vary significantly according to age, tumor location, differentiation, and TNM stage, except for gender. The follow-up testing of 40 postoperative patients with CRC returned negative results as their tumors had been surgically removed. The specificity of the sDNA test was 699/713 (98.0%), and unrelated cancers and diseases did not seem to interfere with the testing. The kappa value was 0.84, implying an excellent diagnostic consistency between the sDNA test and colonoscopy. CONCLUSION Noninvasive sDNA test using methylated SDC2 as the exclusive biomarker is a clinically viable and accurate CRC detection method. CHINESE CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY Chi-CTR-TRC-1900026409, retrospectively registered on October 8, 2019; http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=43888&htm=4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, , Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
| | - Side Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, , Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiation, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongkang Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, , Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, , Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Chujun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjuan Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhui Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Guan
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanlai Sun
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xilin Song
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengjun Li
- Department of Endoscopy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dianbin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jujie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianglin Liu
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Niu
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiation, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Hongzhi Zou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, , Sun Yat-Sen University, Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Pegoraro S, Ros G, Sgubin M, Petrosino S, Zambelli A, Sgarra R, Manfioletti G. Targeting the intrinsically disordered architectural High Mobility Group A (HMGA) oncoproteins in breast cancer: learning from the past to design future strategies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:953-969. [PMID: 32970506 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1814738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most difficult breast cancer subtype to treat because of its heterogeneity and lack of specific therapeutic targets. High Mobility Group A (HMGA) proteins are chromatin architectural factors that have multiple oncogenic functions in breast cancer, and they represent promising molecular therapeutic targets for this disease. AREAS COVERED We offer an overview of the strategies that have been exploited to counteract HMGA oncoprotein activities at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We also present the possibility of targeting cancer-associated factors that lie downstream of HMGA proteins and discuss the contribution of HMGA proteins to chemoresistance. EXPERT OPINION Different strategies have been exploited to counteract HMGA protein activities; these involve interfering with their nucleic acid binding properties and the blocking of HMGA expression. Some approaches have provided promising results. However, some unique characteristics of the HMGA proteins have not been exploited; these include their extensive protein-protein interaction network and their intrinsically disordered status that present the possibility that HMGA proteins could be involved in the formation of proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLO) by liquid-liquid phase separation. These unexplored characteristics could open new pharmacological avenues to counteract the oncogenic contributions of HMGA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pegoraro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Gloria Ros
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Sgubin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Petrosino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
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Gasca J, Flores ML, Jiménez-Guerrero R, Sáez ME, Barragán I, Ruíz-Borrego M, Tortolero M, Romero F, Sáez C, Japón MA. EDIL3 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and paclitaxel resistance through its interaction with integrin α Vβ 3 in cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:86. [PMID: 33014430 PMCID: PMC7494865 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has recently been associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance in several tumor types. We performed a differential gene expression analysis comparing paclitaxel-resistant vs. paclitaxel-sensitive breast cancer cells that showed the upregulation of EDIL3 (EGF Like Repeats and Discoidin I Like Domains Protein 3). This gene codifies an extracellular matrix protein that has been identified as a novel regulator of EMT, so we studied its role in tumor progression and paclitaxel response. Our results demonstrated that EDIL3 expression levels were increased in paclitaxel-resistant breast and prostate cancer cells, and in subsets of high-grade breast and prostate tumors. Moreover, we observed that EDIL3 modulated the expression of EMT markers and this was impaired by cilengitide, which blocks the EDIL3-integrin αVβ3 interaction. EDIL3 knockdown reverted EMT and sensitized cells to paclitaxel. In contrast, EDIL3 overexpression or the culture of cells in the presence of EDIL3-enriched medium induced EMT and paclitaxel resistance. Adding cilengitide resensitized these cells to paclitaxel treatment. In summary, EDIL3 may contribute to EMT and paclitaxel resistance through autocrine or paracrine signaling in cancer cells. Blockade of EDIL3-integrin αVβ3 interaction by cilengitide restores sensitivity to paclitaxel and reverts EMT in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells. Combinations of cilengitide and taxanes could be beneficial in the treatment of subsets of breast and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gasca
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - M. L. Flores
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - R. Jiménez-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - M. E. Sáez
- Centro Andaluz de Estudios Bioinformáticos (CAEBi), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - I. Barragán
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Section of Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - M. Ruíz-Borrego
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - M. Tortolero
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - F. Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - C. Sáez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - M. A. Japón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Unachukwu U, Chada K, D’Armiento J. High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2) Oncogenicity in Mesenchymal and Epithelial Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093151. [PMID: 32365712 PMCID: PMC7246488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) has been associated with increased cell proliferation and cell cycle dysregulation, leading to the ontogeny of varied tumor types and their metastatic potentials, a frequently used index of disease prognosis. In this review, we deepen our understanding of HMGA2 pathogenicity by exploring the mechanisms by which HMGA2 misexpression and ectopic expression induces mesenchymal and epithelial tumorigenesis respectively and distinguish the pathogenesis of benign from malignant mesenchymal tumors. Importantly, we highlight the regulatory role of let-7 microRNA family of tumor suppressors in determining HMGA2 misexpression events leading to tumor pathogenesis and focused on possible mechanisms by which HMGA2 could propagate lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), benign mesenchymal tumors of the lungs. Lastly, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for epithelial and mesenchymal tumorigenesis based on targeting the HMGA2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Unachukwu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-402, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Kiran Chada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Jeanine D’Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-402, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-305-3745
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Li L, Zhuo Z, Yang Z, Zhu J, He X, Yang Z, Zhang J, Xin Y, He J, Zhang T. HMGA2 Polymorphisms and Hepatoblastoma Susceptibility: A Five-Center Case-Control Study. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:51-57. [PMID: 32104047 PMCID: PMC7023882 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s241100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma is a rare disease. Its etiology remains obscure. No epidemiological reports have assessed the relationship of High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with hepatoblastoma risk. This case-control study leads as a pioneer to explore whether HMGA2 SNPs (rs6581658 A>G, rs8756 A>C, rs968697 T>C) could impact hepatoblastoma risk. METHODS We acquired samples from 275 hepatoblastoma cases and 1018 controls who visited one of five independent hospitals located in the different regions of China. The genotyping of HMGA2 SNPs was implemented using the PCR-based TaqMan method, and the risk estimates were quantified by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In the main analysis, we identified that rs968697 T>C polymorphism was significantly related to hepatoblastoma risk in the additive model (adjusted OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.54-0.98, P=0.035). Notably, participants carrying 2-3 favorable genotypes had reduced hepatoblastoma risk (adjusted OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.52-0.96, P=0.028) in contrast to those carrying 0-1 favorable genotypes. Furthermore, stratification analysis revealed a significant correlation between rs968697 TC/CC and hepatoblastoma risk for males and clinical stage I+II. The existence of 2-3 protective genotypes was correlated with decreased hepatoblastoma susceptibility in children ≥17 months old, males, and clinical stage I+II cases, when compared to 0-1 protective genotype. CONCLUSION To summarize, these results indicated that the HMGA2 gene SNPs exert a weak influence on hepatoblastoma susceptibility. Further validation of the current conclusion with a larger sample size covering multi-ethnic groups is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics Research, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou510623, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics Research, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming650228, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Biobank, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin150040, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics Research, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110004, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450052, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijuan Xin
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center of PLA, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an710032, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou510623, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Jing He Department of Pediatric, Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou510623, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 2038076560 Email
| | - Tiesong Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics Research, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tiesong Zhang Kunming Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics Research, Kunming Children’s Hospital, 288 Qianxing Road, Kunming650228, Yunnan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 –8713169969 Email
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Piperigkou Z, Karamanos NK. Dynamic Interplay between miRNAs and the Extracellular Matrix Influences the Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:1076-1088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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The Role of MicroRNAs upon Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111461. [PMID: 31752264 PMCID: PMC6912477 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggest the significance of inflammation in the progression of cancer, for example the development of colorectal cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients. Long-lasting inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract causes serious systemic complications and breaks the homeostasis of the intestine, where the altered expression of regulatory genes and miRNAs trigger malignant transformations. Several steps lead from acute inflammation to malignancies: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibitory microRNAs (miRNAs) are known factors during multistage carcinogenesis and IBD pathogenesis. In this review, we outline the interactions between EMT components and miRNAs that may affect cancer development during IBD.
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Aisina D, Niyazova R, Atambayeva S, Ivashchenko A. Prediction of clusters of miRNA binding sites in mRNA candidate genes of breast cancer subtypes. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8049. [PMID: 31741798 PMCID: PMC6858813 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of breast cancer (BC) subtypes is controlled by distinct sets of candidate genes, and the expression of these genes is regulated by the binding of their mRNAs with miRNAs. Predicting miRNA associations and target genes is thus essential when studying breast cancer. The MirTarget program identifies the initiation of miRNA binding to mRNA, the localization of miRNA binding sites in mRNA regions, and the free energy from the binding of all miRNA nucleotides with mRNA. Candidate gene mRNAs have clusters (miRNA binding sites with overlapping nucleotide sequences). mRNAs of EPOR, MAZ and NISCH candidate genes of the HER2 subtype have clusters, and there are four clusters in mRNAs of MAZ, BRCA2 and CDK6 genes. Candidate genes of the triple-negative subtype are targets for multiple miRNAs. There are 11 sites in CBL mRNA, five sites in MMP2 mRNA, and RAB5A mRNA contains two clusters in each of the three sites. In SFN mRNA, there are two clusters in three sites, and one cluster in 21 sites. Candidate genes of luminal A and B subtypes are targets for miRNAs: there are 21 sites in FOXA1 mRNA and 15 sites in HMGA2 mRNA. There are clusters of five sites in mRNAs of ITGB1 and SOX4 genes. Clusters of eight sites and 10 sites are identified in mRNAs of SMAD3 and TGFB1 genes, respectively. Organizing miRNA binding sites into clusters reduces the proportion of nucleotide binding sites in mRNAs. This overlapping of miRNA binding sites creates a competition among miRNAs for a binding site. From 6,272 miRNAs studied, only 29 miRNAs from miRBase and 88 novel miRNAs had binding sites in clusters of target gene mRNA in breast cancer. We propose using associations of miRNAs and their target genes as markers in breast cancer subtype diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Aisina
- Department of Biotechnology, SRI of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Raigul Niyazova
- Department of Biotechnology, SRI of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Shara Atambayeva
- Department of Biotechnology, SRI of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Anatoliy Ivashchenko
- Department of Biotechnology, SRI of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Hua R, Yu J, Yan X, Ni Q, Zhi X, Li X, Jiang B, Zhu J. Syndecan-2 in colorectal cancer plays oncogenic role via epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MAPK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109630. [PMID: 31707342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to elucidate the biological roles of Syndecan-2 (SDC2) in colorectal cancer (CRC), thereby further understanding its clinical role. METHODS The expression of SDC2 was assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. To understand the potential biological role of SDC2, we also explored the correlation between its expression level and clinicopathologic parameters. By using MTT, plate colony formation assay, Transwell invasion assays, and flow cytometry in vitro, the biological impact of SDC2 on CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. In addition, the related signaling pathways were investigated. RESULTS SDC2 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues. The expression of SDC2 was highly associated with four parameters, i.e., stage (P < 0.01), vascular invasion (P = 0.0045), lymph node metastasis (P=0.0018), and distant metastasis (P = 0.0019). Knockdown of SDC2 significantly reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCT116 and SW480 cells, and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, SDC2 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC cells, whereas the ratio of p-MEK/MEK and p-ERK/ERK markedly reduced after depleting SDC2. CONCLUSION During CRC development, overexpression of SDC2 plays a carcinogenic role in CRC. Therapeutic solutions targeting SDC2 may provide potential insights into CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruheng Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226021, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226021, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiyue Yan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226021, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226021, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226021, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226021, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinghua First People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226021, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zhang S, Mo Q, Wang X. Oncological role of HMGA2 (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:775-788. [PMID: 31432151 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein is a non‑histone architectural transcription factor that modulates the transcription of several genes by binding to AT‑rich sequences in the minor groove of B‑form DNA and alters the chromatin structure. As a result, HMGA2 influences a variety of biological processes, including the cell cycle process, DNA damage repair process, apoptosis, senescence, epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and telomere restoration. In addition, the overexpression of HMGA2 is a feature of malignancy, and its elevated expression in human cancer predicts the efficacy of certain chemotherapeutic agents. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the detection of HMGA2 can be used as a routine procedure in clinical tumour analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Mo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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31
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Byun Y, Choi YC, Jeong Y, Lee G, Yoon S, Jeong Y, Yoon J, Baek K. MiR-200c downregulates HIF-1α and inhibits migration of lung cancer cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:28. [PMID: 31061665 PMCID: PMC6487019 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor with a pivotal role in physiological and pathological responses to hypoxia. While HIF-1α is known to be involved in hypoxia-induced upregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression, HIF-1α is also targeted by miRNAs. In this study, miRNAs targeting HIF-1α were identified and their effects on its expression and downstream target genes under hypoxic conditions were investigated. Cell migration under the same conditions was also assessed. Methods microRNAs that target HIF-1α were screened using 3′-untranslated region luciferase (3′-UTR-luciferase) reporter assays. The expression levels of HIF-1α and its downstream target genes after transfection with miRNA were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses. The effect of the miRNAs on the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α was determined using hypoxia-responsive element luciferase (HRE-luciferase) assays. Cell migration under hypoxia was examined using the wound-healing assay. Results Several of the 19 screened miRNAs considerably decreased the luciferase activity. Transfection with miR-200c had substantial impact on the expression level and transcription activity of HIF-1α. The mRNA level of HIF-1α downstream genes decreased in response to miR-200c overexpression. MiR-200c inhibited cell migration in normoxia and, to a greater extent, in hypoxia. These effects were partly reversed by HIF-1α expression under hypoxic conditions. Conclusion miR-200c negatively affects hypoxia-induced responses by downregulating HIF-1α, a key regulator of hypoxia. Therefore, overexpression of miR-200c might have therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent that inhibits tumor hypoxia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11658-019-0152-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuree Byun
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhui Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Gangtae Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sena Yoon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsu Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Yoon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghee Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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32
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Pearlman A, Rahman MT, Upadhyay K, Loke J, Ostrer H. Ectopic Otoconin 90 expression in triple negative breast cancer cell lines is associated with metastasis functions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211737. [PMID: 30763339 PMCID: PMC6375562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive tumor with propensity to metastasize and poor treatment options. Improving treatment options would be impactful; thus, finding a tumor-specific cell surface protein with metastasis promoting functions that could be knocked out was the goal of this study. The Otoconin 90 gene (OC90), frequently amplified in tumors on chromosome 8q24.22, was identified as a potential therapeutic candidate. Normally OC90 is expressed in the cochlea with no known function in other normal tissues. In silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) multi-tumor RNAseq cohorts revealed that OC90 is expressed in many tumor types at high prevalence and genomic amplification is associated with the elevated mRNA expression. In vitro assays in TNBC cell lines revealed OC90 expression with control over cell viability, apoptosis and invasion. RNA-seq analysis of OC90-siRNA knockdown and OC90-overexpression in BT20, BT549, HCC38 cell lines identified co-expressed transcripts, HMGA2, POLE2 and TRIB3. Altered expression of HMGA2, POLE2 and TRIB3 was predictive of survival among members of the Metabric breast cancer cohort. Thus, OC90 represents a potential therapeutic target whose knockdown could improve the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pearlman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Tanjimur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Kinnari Upadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Johnny Loke
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Hombach-Klonisch S, Kalantari F, Medapati MR, Natarajan S, Krishnan SN, Kumar-Kanojia A, Thanasupawat T, Begum F, Xu FY, Hatch GM, Los M, Klonisch T. HMGA2 as a functional antagonist of PARP1 inhibitors in tumor cells. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:153-170. [PMID: 30289618 PMCID: PMC6360374 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors alone or in combination with DNA damaging agents are promising clinical drugs in the treatment of cancer. However, there is a need to understand the molecular mechanisms of resistance to PARP1 inhibitors. Expression of HMGA2 in cancer is associated with poor prognosis for patients. Here, we investigated the novel relationship between HMGA2 and PARP1 in DNA damage‐induced PARP1 activity. We used human triple‐negative breast cancer and fibrosarcoma cell lines to demonstrate that HMGA2 colocalizes and interacts with PARP1. High cellular HMGA2 levels correlated with increased DNA damage‐induced PARP1 activity, which was dependent on functional DNA‐binding AT‐hook domains of HMGA2. HMGA2 inhibited PARP1 trapping to DNA and counteracted the cytotoxic effect of PARP inhibitors. Consequently, HMGA2 decreased caspase 3/7 induction and increased cell survival upon treatment with the alkylating methyl methanesulfonate alone or in combination with the PARP inhibitor AZD2281 (olaparib). HMGA2 increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and spare respiratory capacity and increased NAMPT levels, suggesting metabolic support for enhanced PARP1 activity upon DNA damage. Our data showed that expression of HMGA2 in cancer cells reduces sensitivity to PARP inhibitors and suggests that targeting HMGA2 in combination with PARP inhibition may be a promising new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Forouh Kalantari
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Manoj Reddy Medapati
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Suchitra Natarajan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sai Nivedita Krishnan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Aditya Kumar-Kanojia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Farhana Begum
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Fred Y Xu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, DREAM, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marek Los
- Department of Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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34
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Glycosylation in cancer: Selected roles in tumour progression, immune modulation and metastasis. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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35
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RKIP: A Key Regulator in Tumor Metastasis Initiation and Resistance to Apoptosis: Therapeutic Targeting and Impact. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090287. [PMID: 30149591 PMCID: PMC6162400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RAF-kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a well-established tumor suppressor that is frequently downregulated in a plethora of solid and hematological malignancies. RKIP exerts antimetastatic and pro-apoptotic properties in cancer cells, via modulation of signaling pathways and gene products involved in tumor survival and spread. Here we review the contribution of RKIP in the regulation of early metastatic steps such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion, as well as in tumor sensitivity to conventional therapeutics and immuno-mediated cytotoxicity. We further provide updated justification for targeting RKIP as a strategy to overcome tumor chemo/immuno-resistance and suppress metastasis, through the use of agents able to modulate RKIP expression in cancer cells.
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36
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Zha Y, Yao Q, Liu JS, Wang YY, Sun WM. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HCCLM3 by targeting HMGA2. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5709-5714. [PMID: 30356986 PMCID: PMC6196634 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and HBV X protein (HBx) serves an essential role in the development of HCC. However, its mechanism remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and mechanism of the HBx protein in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of HCC. The HCCLM3 cell line was transfected with a HBx-expressing vector. The effects of HBx overexpression on proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT capacities of the HCCLM3 cell line were evaluated using MTT, migration and invasion assays, and western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) knockdown on HBx-mediated metastasis was investigated in the HCC cell line HCCLM3. The results demonstrated that HBx significantly upregulated HMGA2 expression, and enhanced the proliferation, EMT, invasion and migration in HCC cells. Furthermore, HMGA2 knockdown almost abolished HBx-induced EMT and metastasis in HCC. The results of the present study suggest that HBx promotes the proliferation, EMT, invasion and migration of HCC cells by targeting HMGA2. HMGB2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zha
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Sheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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37
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ACGH detects distinct genomic alterations of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and matched lymph node metastases and identifies a poor prognosis subclass. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10637. [PMID: 30006612 PMCID: PMC6045619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastases (LNM) are an important prognostic factor for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, but underlying genetic alterations are poorly understood. Whole genome array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed in 37 tumors and 14 matched LNM. Genomic analyses of tumors confirmed known and identified new (gains in 19q) copy number alterations (CNA). Tumors with LNM (N1) had more alterations and exclusive gains (3p, 4q, 5p, 13q) and losses (17p and 20p). LNM shared most alterations with their matched tumors (86%), but 79% acquired new isolated gains [12q14 (36%); 1p13, 2p23, 7p22, 7q11, 11q12, 13q13 and 14q12 (>20%)]. Unsupervised clustering revealed a poor prognosis subclass with increased alterations significantly associated to tumor differentiation and survival. TP53 and KRAS mutations occurred in 19% of tumors and 6% of metastases. Pathway analyses revealed association to cancer-associated pathways. Advanced tumor stage, microvascular/perineural invasion, and microscopic positive resection margin (R1) were significantly correlated to metastases, while N1-status, R1-resection, and poor tumor differentiation were significantly correlated to survival. ACGH identified clear differences between N0 (no LNM) and N1 tumors, while N1 tumors and matched LNM displayed high clonality with exclusive gains in the metastases. A novel subclass with increased CNAs and poor tumor differentiation was significantly correlated to survival.
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38
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High Mobility Group A (HMGA) proteins: Molecular instigators of breast cancer onset and progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Nagarajan A, Malvi P, Wajapeyee N. Heparan Sulfate and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Cancer Initiation and Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:483. [PMID: 30197623 PMCID: PMC6118229 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) are complex unbranched carbohydrate chains that are heavily modified by sulfate and exist either conjugated to proteins or as free, unconjugated chains. Proteins with covalently bound Heparan sulfate chains are termed Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs). Both HS and HSPGs bind to various growth factors and act as co-receptors for different cell surface receptors. They also modulate the dynamics and kinetics of various ligand-receptor interactions, which in turn can influence the duration and potency of the signaling. HS and HSPGs have also been shown to exert a structural role as a component of the extracellular matrix, thereby altering processes such as cell adhesion, immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that HS are deregulated in a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies and regulate key aspects of cancer initiation and progression. HS deregulation in cancer can occur as a result of changes in the level of HSPGs or due to changes in the levels of HS biosynthesis and remodeling enzymes. Here, we describe the major cell-autonomous (proliferation, apoptosis/senescence and differentiation) and cell-non-autonomous (angiogenesis, immune evasion, and matrix remodeling) roles of HS and HSPGs in cancer. Finally, we discuss therapeutic opportunities for targeting deregulated HS biosynthesis and HSPGs as a strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvindhan Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Narendra Wajapeyee
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40
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Mytilinaiou M, Nikitovic D, Berdiaki A, Kostouras A, Papoutsidakis A, Tsatsakis AM, Tzanakakis GN. Emerging roles of syndecan 2 in epithelial and mesenchymal cancer progression. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:824-833. [PMID: 28940845 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Syndecan 2 (SDC2) belongs to a four-member family of evolutionary conserved small type I transmembrane proteoglycans consisting of a protein core to which glycosaminoglycan chains are covalently attached. SDC2 is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which is increasingly drawing attention for its distinct characteristics and its participation in numerous cell functions, including those related to carcinogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that the role of SDC2 in cancer pathogenesis is dependent on cancer tissue origin rendering its use as a biomarker/therapeutic target feasible. This mini review discusses the mechanisms, through which SDC2, in a distinct manner, modulates complex signalling networks to affect cancer progression. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(11):824-833, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mytilinaiou
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Kostouras
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Papoutsidakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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41
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Specific Gene- and MicroRNA-Expression Pattern Contributes to the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in a Rat Model of Experimental Colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5257378. [PMID: 28572713 PMCID: PMC5442431 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5257378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the gene- and microRNA-expression profile contributing to epithelial to mesenchymal transition in a rat model of experimental colitis. For this, inflammation was induced by injecting 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid to the colon of male Wistar rats. Samples were taken from both inflamed and uninflamed regions of the same colon, total RNA was isolated, and the mRNA and microRNA expressions were monitored. We have determined that the expression of genes responsible for inducing mesenchymal phenotype, such as Egr1, Fgf2, Fgf7, Jak2, Notch2, Hif1α, Zeb2, Mmp9, Lox, and Vim, was all significantly induced in the inflamed regions of the affected colons while the epithelial marker E-cadherin (Cdh1) was downregulated. In contrast, the expression of microRNAs miR-192, miR-143, miR-375, miR-30a, miR-107, and miR-200b responsible for the regulation of the above mentioned genes was significantly downregulated in inflamed colon. Importantly, we detected moderate induction in the expression of five out of six tested microRNAs in the uninflamed regions. In summary, we identified numerous interacting genes and microRNAs with mutually exclusive expression pattern in inflamed regions of colitis-induced rats. These findings suggest that—among others—an important step in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in experimental colitis is the dysregulated microRNA expression.
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42
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Bellanger A, Donini CF, Vendrell JA, Lavaud J, Machuca-Gayet I, Ruel M, Vollaire J, Grisard E, Győrffy B, Bièche I, Peyruchaud O, Coll JL, Treilleux I, Maguer-Satta V, Josserand V, Cohen PA. The critical role of the ZNF217 oncogene in promoting breast cancer metastasis to the bone. J Pathol 2017; 242:73-89. [PMID: 28207159 DOI: 10.1002/path.4882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis affects >70% of patients with advanced breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. On the basis of analysis of clinical datasets, and in vitro and in vivo experiments, we report that the ZNF217 oncogene is a crucial mediator and indicator of bone metastasis. Patients with high ZNF217 mRNA expression levels in primary breast tumours had a higher risk of developing bone metastases. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells stably transfected with ZNF217 (MDA-MB-231-ZNF217) showed the dysregulated expression of a set of genes with bone-homing and metastasis characteristics, which overlapped with two previously described 'osteolytic bone metastasis' gene signatures, while also highlighting the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. The latter was activated in MDA-MB-231-ZNF217 cells, and its silencing by inhibitors (Noggin and LDN-193189) was sufficient to rescue ZNF217-dependent cell migration, invasion or chemotaxis towards the bone environment. Finally, by using non-invasive multimodal in vivo imaging, we found that ZNF217 increases the metastatic growth rate in the bone and accelerates the development of severe osteolytic lesions. Altogether, the findings of this study highlight ZNF217 as an indicator of the emergence of breast cancer bone metastasis; future therapies targeting ZNF217 and/or the BMP signalling pathway may be beneficial by preventing the development of bone metastases. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bellanger
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Caterina F Donini
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Unité Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Julie A Vendrell
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan Lavaud
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Irma Machuca-Gayet
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM, Unit 1033 (Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est), Lyon, France
| | - Maëva Ruel
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Vollaire
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Evelyne Grisard
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Peyruchaud
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM, Unit 1033 (Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est), Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Véronique Maguer-Satta
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Josserand
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale A Cohen
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Inverse correlation between the metastasis suppressor RKIP and the metastasis inducer YY1: Contrasting roles in the regulation of chemo/immuno-resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 30:28-38. [PMID: 28363333 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several gene products have been postulated to mediate inherent and/or acquired anticancer drug resistance and tumor metastasis. Among these, the metastasis suppressor and chemo-immuno-sensitizing gene product, Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP), is poorly expressed in many cancers. In contrast, the metastasis inducer and chemo-immuno-resistant factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is overexpressed in many cancers. This inverse relationship between RKIP and YY1 expression suggests that these two gene products may be regulated via cross-talks of molecular signaling pathways, culminating in the expression of different phenotypes based on their targets. Analyses of the molecular regulation of the expression patterns of RKIP and YY1 as well as epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation revealed the existence of several effector mechanisms and crosstalk pathways, of which five pathways of relevance have been identified and analyzed. The five examined cross-talk pathways include the following loops: RKIP/NF-κB/Snail/YY1, p38/MAPK/RKIP/GSK3β/Snail/YY1, RKIP/Smurf2/YY1/Snail, RKIP/MAPK/Myc/Let-7/HMGA2/Snail/YY1, as well as RKIP/GPCR/STAT3/miR-34/YY1. Each loop is comprised of multiple interactions and cascades that provide evidence for YY1's negative regulation of RKIP expression and vice versa. These loops elucidate potential prognostic motifs and targets for therapeutic intervention. Chiefly, these findings suggest that targeted inhibition of YY1 by specific small molecule inhibitors and/or the specific induction of RKIP expression and activity are potential therapeutic strategies to block tumor growth and metastasis in many cancers, as well as to overcome anticancer drug resistance. These strategies present potential alternatives for their synergistic uses in combination with low doses of conventional chemo-immunotherapeutics and hence, increasing survival, reducing toxicity, and improving quality of life.
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Lysyl Oxidase and the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010062. [PMID: 28036074 PMCID: PMC5297697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of oxidases contains a group of extracellular copper-dependent enzymes that catalyze the cross-linking of collagen and elastin by oxidation, thus maintaining the rigidity and structural stability of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Aberrant expression or activation of LOX alters the cellular microenvironment, leading to many diseases, including atherosclerosis, tissue fibrosis, and cancer. Recently, a number of studies have shown that LOX is overexpressed in most cancers and that it is involved in the regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. In contrast, a few reports have also indicated the tumor-suppressing role of LOX. In this short review, we discuss recent research on the correlations between LOX and cancer. Further, the role of LOX in tumor microenvironment remodeling, tumorigenesis, and metastasis and the underlying mechanisms have also been elucidated.
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Ye C, Shen Z, Wang B, Li Y, Li T, Yang Y, Jiang K, Ye Y, Wang S. A novel long non-coding RNA lnc-GNAT1-1 is low expressed in colorectal cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor through regulating RKIP-NF-κB-Snail circuit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:187. [PMID: 27912775 PMCID: PMC5135755 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression has not fully been elucidated. This study was designed to report the identification of a novel lncRNA, lnc-GNAT1-1, and its functional role in CRC progression. Methods lncRNA expression profile microarray was performed in three paired primary and liver metastatic tissues of CRC, and a novel lncRNA, lnc-GNAT1-1, was identified to be a potential functional lncRNA. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect its expression in CRC tissues, cell lines, and patients’ plasma, cell fractionation was used to evaluate its subcellular location. lnc-GNAT1-1 was knockdown by siRNA or overexpressed by a lentivirus vector, then in vitro an vivo experiments were performed to evaluate its biological role and the underlying mechanisms in CRC. Results Expression of lnc-GNAT1-1 was decreased in liver metastasis than the primary tumor, while the later one is lower than the paired normal mucosa. Decreased lnc-GNAT1-1 expression was associated unfavorable clinicopathological features and a poor prognosis of CRC patients. In multivariate analysis, lnc-GNAT1-1 was proved to be an independent prognostic factor. In plasma, lnc-GNAT1-1 was significant decreased in CRC patients than healthy donors, and with the TNM stages advanced, the plasma lnc-GNAT1-1 level decreased; Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) showed that plasma lnc-GNAT1-1 had a moderate to well diagnostic efficiency for CRC. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of lnc-GNAT1-1 could inhibit the aggressive phenotypes of CRC cell lines. In vivo study showed that overexpression of lnc-GNAT1-1 could suppress the liver metastasis of CRC cells. Finally, we explored the underlying mechanism of the role lnc-GNAT1-1 plays in CRC, and found a positive correlation between lnc-GNAT1-1 and Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression both in cells and in patients’ tissues. We further found that lnc-GNAT1-1 could regulate the RKIP-NF-κB-Snail circuit in CRC. Conclusions We have demonstrated in this study that a novel lncRNA, lnc-GNAT1-1, is low expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and plasma, and acts as a tumor suppressor through regulating RKIP-NF-κB-Snail circuit. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0467-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. .,Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansen Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. .,Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China. .,Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Wang Z, Zha L, Kong D, Liao G, Li H. HMGA2 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the acquisition of tumor stem cell properties through TWIST1 in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:185-192. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zou Q, Wu H, Fu F, Yi W, Pei L, Zhou M. RKIP suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cell lines through up-regulation of miR-185 targeting HMGA2. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 610:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Shim G, Yu YH, Lee S, Kim J, Oh YK. Surface-modified liposomes for syndecan 2–targeted delivery of edelfosine. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Sundararajan V, Gengenbacher N, Stemmler MP, Kleemann JA, Brabletz T, Brabletz S. The ZEB1/miR-200c feedback loop regulates invasion via actin interacting proteins MYLK and TKS5. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27083-96. [PMID: 26334100 PMCID: PMC4694975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process which is aberrantly activated during cancer invasion and metastasis. Elevated expression of EMT-inducers like ZEB1 enables tumor cells to detach from the primary tumor and invade into the surrounding tissue. The main antagonist of ZEB1 in controlling EMT is the microRNA-200 family that is reciprocally linked to ZEB1 in a double negative feedback loop. Here, we further elucidate how the ZEB1/miR-200 feedback loop controls invasion of tumor cells. The process of EMT is attended by major changes in the actin cytoskeleton. Via in silico screening of genes encoding for actin interacting proteins, we identified two novel targets of miR-200c - TKS5 and MYLK (MLCK). Co-expression of both genes with ZEB1 was observed in several cancer cell lines as well as in breast cancer patients and correlated with low miR-200c levels. Depletion of TKS5 or MYLK in breast cancer cells reduced their invasive potential and their ability to form invadopodia. Whereas TKS5 is known to be a major component, we could identify MYLK as a novel player in invadopodia formation. In summary, TKS5 and MYLK represent two mediators of invasive behavior of cancer cells that are regulated by the ZEB1/miR-200 feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundararajan
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia A Kleemann
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Rajkumar K, Nichita A, Anoor PK, Raju S, Singh SS, Burgula S. Understanding perspectives of signalling mechanisms regulating PEBP1 function. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:394-403. [PMID: 27385268 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1), also known as Raf kinase inhibitor protein, belongs to PEBP family of proteins. It is known to interact with many proteins that are mainly involved in pathways that monitor cell proliferation and differentiation. PEBP1 in many cells interacts with several pathways, namely MAPK, GRK2, NF-кB, etc. that keeps the cell proliferation and differentiation in check. This protein is expressed by many cells in humans, including neurons where it is predominantly involved in production of choline acetyltransferase. Deregulated PEBP1 is known to cause cancer, diabetic nephropathy and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and dementia. Recent research led to the discovery of many drugs that mainly target the interaction of PEBP1 with its partners. These compounds are known to bind PEBP1 in its conserved domain which abrogate its association with interacting partners in several different pathways. We outline here the latest developments in understanding of PEBP1 function in maintaining cell integrity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein is crucial in regulation of MAPK and PKC pathways. Its diverse roles, including regulating these pathways keep cell differentiation and proliferation in check. This review outlines some latest findings which greatly add to our current knowledge of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Rajkumar
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aare Nichita
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Swathi Raju
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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