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Song S, Zhou J, Zhang L, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Tan Y, Zhou X, Yu J. Identification of disulfidptosis-associated genes and characterization of immune cell infiltration in thyroid carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205897. [PMID: 38836761 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive screening and analysis of differentially expressed genes related to disulfidoptosis (DEDRGs) in thyroid carcinoma (THCA). This entails delving into the intricate characterization of immune cell infiltration within the THCA context and subsequently formulating and validating a novel prognostic model. METHOD To achieve our objectives, we first delineated two distinct subtypes of disulfidoptosis-related genes (DRGs) via consensus clustering methodology. Subsequently, employing the limma R package, we identified the DEDRGs critical for our investigation. These DEDRGs underwent meticulous validation across various databases, alongside an in-depth analysis of gene regulation. Employing functional enrichment techniques, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms underlying disulfidoptosis in THCA. Furthermore, we scrutinized the immune landscape within the two identified subtypes utilizing CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms. The construction of the prognostic model for THCA entailed intricate methodologies including univariate, multivariate Cox regression, and LASSO regression algorithms. The validity and efficacy of our prognostic model were corroborated through Kaplan-Meier survival curves and ROC curves. Additionally, a nomogram was meticulously formulated to facilitate the prediction of patient prognosis. To fortify our findings, we conducted a comprehensive Bayesian co-localization analysis coupled with rigorous in vitro experimentation, aimed at unequivocally establishing the validity of the identified DEDRGs. RESULT Our analyses unveiled Cluster C1, characterized by elevated expression levels of DEDRGs, as harboring a favorable prognosis accompanied by abundant immune cell infiltration. Correlation analyses underscored predominantly positive associations among the DEDRGs, further affirming their significance in THCA. Differential expression patterns of DEDRGs between tumor samples and normal tissues were evident across the GEPIA and HPA databases. Insights from the TIMER database underscored a robust correlation between DEDRGs and immune cell infiltration. KEGG analysis elucidated the enrichment of DEDRGs primarily in pivotal pathways including MAPK, PPAR signaling pathway, and Proteoglycans in cancer. Furthermore, analyses using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms shed light on the crucial role played by DEDRGs in shaping the immune microenvironment. The prognostic model, anchored by five genes intricately associated with THCA prognosis, exhibited commendable predictive accuracy and was intricately linked to the tumor immune microenvironment. Notably, patients categorized with low-risk scores stood to potentially benefit more from immunotherapy. The validation of DEDRGs unequivocally underscores the protective role of INF2 in THCA. CONCLUSION In summary, our study delineates two discernible subtypes intricately associated with DRGs, revealing profound disparities in immune infiltration and survival prognosis within the THCA milieu. The implications of our findings extend to potential treatment strategies for THCA patients, which could entail targeted interventions directed towards DEDRGs and prognostic genes, thereby influencing disulfidptosis and the immune microenvironment. Moreover, the robust predictive capability demonstrated by our prognostic model, based on the five genes (ANGPTL7, FIRRE, ODAPH, PROKR1, SFRP5), underscores its potential clinical utility in guiding personalized therapeutic approaches for THCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Huaian Cancer Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiqiao Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangyi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yan Y, Qin X, Zheng Y, Jin T, Hu Y, An Q, Leng B. Decreased PDLIM1 expression in endothelial cells contributes to the development of intracranial aneurysm. Vasc Med 2024; 29:5-16. [PMID: 38334094 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x231218210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a common vascular enlargement that occurs in the wall of cerebral vessels and frequently leads to fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage. PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 (PDLIM1) is a cytoskeletal protein that functions as a platform for multiple protein complex formation. However, whether PDLIM is involved in the pathogenesis of IA remains poorly understood. METHODS Loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies were employed to determine the in vitro roles of PDLIM1 in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). A rat model of IA was generated to study the role of PDLIM1 in vivo. Gene expression profiling, Western blotting, and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to uncover the underlying cellular mechanism. Clinical IA samples were used to determine the expression of PDLIM1 and its downstream signaling molecules. RESULTS PDLIM1 expression was reduced in the endothelial cells of IA and was regulated by Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Genetic silencing of PDLIM1 inhibited the viability, migratory ability, and tube formation ability of VECs. Opposite results were obtained by ectopic expression of PDLIM1. Additionally, PDLIM1 overexpression mitigated IA in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PDLIM1 promoted the transcriptional activity of β-catenin and induced the expression of v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) and cyclin D1 (CCND1). In clinical settings, reduced expression of PDLIM1 and β-catenin downstream target genes was observed in human IA samples. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that YAP1-dependent expression of PDLIM1 can inhibit IA development by modulating the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and that PDLIM1 deficiency in VECs may represent a potential marker of aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanfeng Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongtao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhu An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Leng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lei Y, He L, Li Y, Hou J, Zhang H, Li G. PDLIM1 interacts with HK2 to promote gastric cancer progression through enhancing the Warburg effect via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:105-116. [PMID: 37930472 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 (PDLIM1) is a cytoskeletal protein and is associated with the malignant pathological features of several tumors. However, the prognostic value of PDLIM1 and the molecular mechanisms by which it is involved in the metabolism and progression in gastric cancer (GC) are still unclear. The GEPIA database was used to predict the expression and prognosis of PDLIM1 in GC. qRT-PCR and western blot assays were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression in GC tissues and cells. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments were performed to evaluate the biological role of PDLIM1 in GC cells. The Warburg effect was detected by a battery of glycolytic indicators. The interaction of PDLIM1 and hexokinase 2 (HK2) was determined by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, the modulatory effects of PDLIM1 and HK2 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling were assessed. The results showed that PDLIM1 expression was upregulated in GC tissues and cells and was associated with a poor prognosis for GC patients. PDLIM1 inhibition reduced GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis. In the glucose deprivation (GLU-D) condition, the PDLIM1 level was reduced and PDLIM1 overexpression led to an increase in glycolysis. Besides, mechanistic investigation showed that PDLIM1 interacted with HK2 to mediate biological behaviors and the glycolysis of GC through Wnt/β-catenin signaling under glucose deprivation. In conclusion, PDLIM1 interacts with HK2 to promote gastric cancer progression by enhancing the Warburg effect via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, NO. 1120, Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Lirui He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, NO. 1120, Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, NO. 1120, Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Jianing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, NO. 1120, Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, NO. 1120, Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Guan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, NO. 1120, Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China.
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Healy MD, Collins BM. The PDLIM family of actin-associated proteins and their emerging role in membrane trafficking. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:2005-2016. [PMID: 38095060 PMCID: PMC10754285 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The PDZ and LIM domain (PDLIM) proteins are associated with the actin cytoskeleton and have conserved in roles in metazoan actin organisation and function. They primarily function as scaffolds linking various proteins to actin and its binding partner α-actinin via two conserved domains; an N-terminal postsynaptic density 95, discs large and zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domain, and either single or multiple C-terminal LIN-11, Isl-1 and MEC-3 (LIM) domains in the actinin-associated LIM protein (ALP)- and Enigma-related proteins, respectively. While their role in actin organisation, such as in stress fibres or in the Z-disc of muscle fibres is well known, emerging evidence also suggests a role in actin-dependent membrane trafficking in the endosomal system. This is mediated by a recently identified interaction with the sorting nexin 17 (SNX17) protein, an adaptor for the trafficking complex Commander which is itself intimately linked to actin-directed formation of endosomal recycling domains. In this review we focus on the currently understood structural basis for PDLIM function. The PDZ domains mediate direct binding to distinct classes of PDZ-binding motifs (PDZbms), including α-actinin and other actin-associated proteins, and a highly specific interaction with the type III PDZbm such as the one found in the C-terminus of SNX17. The structures of the LIM domains are less well characterised and how they engage with their ligands is completely unknown. Despite the lack of experimental structural data, we find that recently developed machine learning-based structure prediction methods provide insights into their potential interactions and provide a template for further studies of their molecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Healy
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Brett M. Collins
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Jiang X, Xu Z, Jiang S, Wang H, Xiao M, Shi Y, Wang K. PDZ and LIM Domain-Encoding Genes: Their Role in Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5042. [PMID: 37894409 PMCID: PMC10605254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ-LIM family proteins (PDLIMs) are a kind of scaffolding proteins that contain PDZ and LIM interaction domains. As protein-protein interacting molecules, PDZ and LIM domains function as scaffolds to bind to a variety of proteins. The PDLIMs are composed of evolutionarily conserved proteins found throughout different species. They can participate in cell signal transduction by mediating the interaction of signal molecules. They are involved in many important physiological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and the maintenance of cellular structural integrity. Studies have shown that dysregulation of the PDLIMs leads to tumor formation and development. In this paper, we review and integrate the current knowledge on PDLIMs. The structure and function of the PDZ and LIM structural domains and the role of the PDLIMs in tumor development are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yueli Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
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Ye B, Yu M, Yue M, Yin M, Zhang C, Wang Q, Ding X, Shen W, Zhao Z. Role of PDLIM1 in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10946. [PMID: 37414929 PMCID: PMC10326060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is caused by chronic hepatic injury and may lead to cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. When hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are activated by liver injury, they transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts, which secrete extracellular matrix proteins that generate the fibrous scar. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to find safe and effective drugs for HSCs activation treatment to prevent liver against fibrosis. Here, we reported that PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 (PDLIM1), a highly conserved cytoskeleton organization regulator, was significantly up-regulated in fibrotic liver tissues and TGF-β-treated HSC-T6 cells. Through transcriptome analysis, we found that knockdown of PDLIM1 resulted in a significant downregulation of genes related to inflammation and immune-related pathways in HSC-T6 cells. Moreover, PDLIM1 knockdown significantly inhibited the activation of HSC-T6 cells and the trans-differentiation of HSC-T6 cells into myofibroblasts. Mechanistically, PDLIM1 is involved in the regulation of TGF-β-mediated signaling pathways in HSCs activation. Thus, targeting PDLIM1 may provide an alternative method to suppress HSCs activation during liver injury. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), a master regulator of genome architecture, is upregulated during HSCs activation. PDLIM1 knockdown also indirectly reduced CTCF protein expression, however, CTCF binding to chromatin was not significantly altered by CUT&Tag analysis. We speculate that CTCF may cooperate with PDLIM1 to activate HSCs in other ways. Our results suggest that PDLIM1 can accelerate the activation of HSCs and liver fibrosis progression and could be a potential biomarker for monitoring response to anti-fibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Mengli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Meijuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Man Yin
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xinru Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Wenlong Shen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Zhihu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20, Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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MicroRNA-370 as a negative regulator of signaling pathways in tumor cells. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Wang R, Gao Y, Zhang H. ACTN1 interacts with ITGA5 to promote cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:200-207. [PMID: 36742137 PMCID: PMC9869876 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.67056.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to detect the expression levels of α-Actinin 1 (ACTN1) and ITGA5 in HNSCC and to explore how ACTN1/ITGA5 regulated the proliferative and invasive abilities, as well as the EMT of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. Materials and Methods The viability, proliferative, invasive and migrative abilities of HNSCC cells after transfection were, in turn, detected by CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, EdU staining, transwell, as well as wound healing. E-cadherin in transfected cells was assessed utilizing immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR confirmed the transfection effect of ACTN1 and ITGA5 in HNSCC cells and the interaction between ACTN1 and ITGA5 in HNSCC cells was determined by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). With Western blot application, the contents of ACTN1, ITGA5, proliferation-, invasion- and migration-related proteins were estimated. A xenograft model based on nude mice was conducted and Ki-67 content in tumor tissues was evaluated employing immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Results ACTN1 interacted with ITGA5. The contents of ACTN1 and ITGA5 were found to be abundant in HNSCC tissues and cells and associated with poor prognosis. ACTN1 depletion imparted suppressive impacts on cell proliferative, invasive and migrative abilities as well as EMT of HNSCC cells, which were reversed by ITGA5 overexpression. In addition, ACTN1 deficiency repressed the growth and metastasis of tumor tissues in tumor xenografts of nude mice. Conclusion ACTN1 positively interacts with ITGA5 to promote proliferation, invasion and EMT of HNSCC cells. Also, ACTN1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China,Corresponding author: Huimin Zhang. Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, 030032, China.
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Proteomic identification and structural basis for the interaction between sorting nexin SNX17 and PDLIM family proteins. Structure 2022; 30:1590-1602.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Fisher LAB, Schöck F. The unexpected versatility of ALP/Enigma family proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:963608. [PMID: 36531944 PMCID: PMC9751615 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.963608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most intriguing features of multicellular animals is their ability to move. On a cellular level, this is accomplished by the rearrangement and reorganization of the cytoskeleton, a dynamic network of filamentous proteins which provides stability and structure in a stationary context, but also facilitates directed movement by contracting. The ALP/Enigma family proteins are a diverse group of docking proteins found in numerous cellular milieus and facilitate these processes among others. In vertebrates, they are characterized by having a PDZ domain in combination with one or three LIM domains. The family is comprised of CLP-36 (PDLIM1), Mystique (PDLIM2), ALP (PDLIM3), RIL (PDLIM4), ENH (PDLIM5), ZASP (PDLIM6), and Enigma (PDLIM7). In this review, we will outline the evolution and function of their protein domains which confers their versatility. Additionally, we highlight their role in different cellular environments, focusing specifically on recent advances in muscle research using Drosophila as a model organism. Finally, we show the relevance of this protein family to human myopathies and the development of muscle-related diseases.
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miR-187/PDLIM1 Gets Involved in Gastric Cancer Progression and Cisplatin Sensitivity of Cisplatin by Mediating the Hippo-YAP Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5456016. [PMID: 36164345 PMCID: PMC9509220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5456016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the digestive system across the world. The function and mechanism of PDLIM1, a cancer-suppressing gene, in gastric cancer progression remain unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the expression features and function of PDLIM1 in GC. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to compare the profiles of PDLIM1 and miR-187 between GC and normal tissues. The cell models of PDLIM1 overexpression and low expression were established in gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and AGS. CCK8 and BrdU assays measured cell proliferation. Flow cytometry monitored cell apoptosis. Transwell analyzed cell invasion and migration. The influence of miR-187 overexpression on gastric cancer development was assessed. We predicted the targeted correlation between miR-187 and PDLIM1 through bioinformatics, which was corroborated via dual luciferase activity assay and RIP. Meanwhile, the cell model of PDLIM1 overexpression was built in AGS cells transfected with miR-187 mimics. A rescue experiment was conducted to assess the impact of PDLIM1 overexpression on the procancer function of miR-187. As a result, in contrast with normal paracancer tissues, PDLIM1 was substantially downregulated in GC tissues. Moreover, PDLIM1 overexpression considerably dampened proliferation, invasion, and migration in GC cells, boosted the cell apoptosis, and bolstered their sensitivity to cisplatin. PDLIM1 knockdown or miR-187 overexpression dramatically fostered GC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and repressed cell apoptosis. Mechanism studies demonstrated that PDLIM1 vigorously restrained the profiles of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway and the downstream target genes. miR-187 targeted PDLIM1, while miR-187 overexpression cramped PDLIM1 expression. The rescue experiment suggested that PDLIM1 overexpression weakened the procancer function of miR-187 in GC cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that PDLIM1 presented a low expression in GC tissues, while miR-187/PDLIM1 participated in GC development and cisplatin sensitivity by mediating the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.
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Lu Y, Mu Y, Chen J, Guan X, Guo L, Wu C. CLP36 promotes p53 deficient sarcoma progression through suppression of atrophin-1 interacting protein-4 (AIP-4)-dependent degradation of YAP1. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5051-5068. [PMID: 35836803 PMCID: PMC9274740 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: p53 deficiency is a key causal factor for tumor development and progression. p53 acts in this process through, at least in part, cooperation with YAP1 but the underlying molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. In this paper, we show that CLP36, an actinin-binding cytoskeletal protein, links p53 deficiency to up-regulation of YAP1 expression and sarcoma progression. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to investigate the effect of p53 deficiency on CLP36 expression in sarcoma tissues and cells. Furthermore, molecular, cellular, and genetic knockout and knockdown approaches were employed to investigate the functions of CLP36 in regulation of sarcoma cell behavior in culture and tumor growth in mice. Finally, biochemical approaches were used to investigate the molecular mechanism by which CLP36 regulates the malignant behavior of p53 deficient sarcoma cells. Results: We have found that the expression of CLP36 is up-regulated in response to loss of p53 in sarcoma tissues and cells. Depletion of CLP36 inhibited malignant behavior of p53 deficient sarcoma cells. Furthermore, knockout of CLP36 in mice markedly inhibited p53 deficiency-induced tumorigenesis and improved the survival of the p53 deficient mice. Mechanistically, CLP36 promoted p53 deficiency-induced tumorigenesis through inhibition of E3 ligase atrophin-1 interacting protein-4 (AIP-4)-dependent proteasomal degradation of YAP1 and consequently increase of YAP1 expression. Conclusions: Our results reveal a crucial role of CLP36 in linking p53 deficiency to up-regulation of YAP1 expression and sarcoma progression. Our findings suggest that therapeutic targeting the CLP36/YAP1 signaling axis may provide an effective strategy for alleviation of p53 deficient sarcoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yongxin Mu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
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Donta MS, Srivastava Y, McCrea PD. Delta-Catenin as a Modulator of Rho GTPases in Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:939143. [PMID: 35860313 PMCID: PMC9289679 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.939143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Small Rho GTPases are molecular switches that are involved in multiple processes including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. These GTPases are activated (turned on) and inactivated (turned off) through various upstream effector molecules to carry out many cellular functions. One such upstream modulator of small Rho GTPase activity is delta-catenin, which is a protein in the p120-catenin subfamily that is enriched in the central nervous system. Delta-catenin affects small GTPase activity to assist in the developmental formation of dendrites and dendritic spines and to maintain them once they mature. As the dendritic arbor and spine density are crucial for synapse formation and plasticity, delta-catenin’s ability to modulate small Rho GTPases is necessary for proper learning and memory. Accordingly, the misregulation of delta-catenin and small Rho GTPases has been implicated in several neurological and non-neurological pathologies. While links between delta-catenin and small Rho GTPases have yet to be studied in many contexts, known associations include some cancers, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Cri-du-chat syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Drawing from established studies and recent discoveries, this review explores how delta-catenin modulates small Rho GTPase activity. Future studies will likely elucidate how PDZ proteins that bind delta-catenin further influence small Rho GTPases, how delta-catenin may affect small GTPase activity at adherens junctions when bound to N-cadherin, mechanisms behind delta-catenin’s ability to modulate Rac1 and Cdc42, and delta-catenin’s ability to modulate small Rho GTPases in the context of diseases, such as cancer and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxsam S. Donta
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Science Center Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Maxsam S. Donta,
| | - Yogesh Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pierre D. McCrea
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Science Center Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Health Science Center Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX, United States
- Pierre D. McCrea,
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14
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Baur B, Lee DI, Haag J, Chasman D, Gould M, Roy S. Deciphering the Role of 3D Genome Organization in Breast Cancer Susceptibility. Front Genet 2022; 12:788318. [PMID: 35087569 PMCID: PMC8787344 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.788318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer risk by environmental exposure is modulated by an individual's genetics and age at exposure. This age-specific period of susceptibility is referred to as the "Window of Susceptibility" (WOS). Rats have a similar WOS for developing breast cancer. A previous study in rat identified an age-specific long-range regulatory interaction for the cancer gene, Pappa, that is associated with breast cancer susceptibility. However, the global role of three-dimensional genome organization and downstream gene expression programs in the WOS is not known. Therefore, we generated Hi-C and RNA-seq data in rat mammary epithelial cells within and outside the WOS. To systematically identify higher-order changes in 3D genome organization, we developed NE-MVNMF that combines network enhancement followed by multitask non-negative matrix factorization. We examined three-dimensional genome organization dynamics at the level of individual loops as well as higher-order domains. Differential chromatin interactions tend to be associated with differentially up-regulated genes with the WOS and recapitulate several human SNP-gene interactions associated with breast cancer susceptibility. Our approach identified genomic blocks of regions with greater overall differences in contact count between the two time points when the cluster assignments change and identified genes and pathways implicated in early carcinogenesis and cancer treatment. Our results suggest that WOS-specific changes in 3D genome organization are linked to transcriptional changes that may influence susceptibility to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Baur
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Da-Inn Lee
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jill Haag
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Deborah Chasman
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael Gould
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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15
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Proteomic Research on the Antitumor Properties of Medicinal Mushrooms. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216708. [PMID: 34771120 PMCID: PMC8588050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms are increasingly being recognized as an important therapeutic modality in complementary oncology. Until now, more than 800 mushroom species have been known to possess significant pharmacological properties, of which antitumor and immunomodulatory properties have been the most researched. Besides a number of medicinal mushroom preparations being used as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, several isolates from mushrooms have been used as official antitumor drugs in clinical settings for several decades. Various proteomic approaches allow for the identification of a large number of differentially regulated proteins serendipitously, thereby providing an important platform for a discovery of new potential therapeutic targets and approaches as well as biomarkers of malignant disease. This review is focused on the current state of proteomic research into antitumor mechanisms of some of the most researched medicinal mushroom species, including Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia auricula, Agrocybe aegerita, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinus edodes, as whole body extracts or various isolates, as well as of complex extract mixtures.
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16
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Qiu C, Duan Y, Wang B, Shi J, Wang P, Ye H, Dai L, Zhang J, Wang X. Serum Anti-PDLIM1 Autoantibody as Diagnostic Marker in Ovarian Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698312. [PMID: 34489945 PMCID: PMC8417125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum autoantibodies (AAbs) against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) could be useful biomarkers for cancer detection. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of autoantibody against PDLIM1 for improving the detection of ovarian cancer (OC). Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) test in tissue array containing 280 OC tissues, 20 adjacent tissues, and 8 normal ovarian tissues was performed to analyze the expression of PDLIM1 in tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure the autoantibody to PDLIM1 in 545 sera samples from 182 patients with OC, 181 patients with ovarian benign diseases, and 182 healthy controls. Results The results of IHC indicated that 84.3% (236/280) OC tissues were positively stained with PDLIM1, while no positive staining was found in adjacent or normal ovarian tissues. The frequency of anti-PDLIM1 autoantibody was significantly higher in OC patients than that in healthy and ovarian benign controls in both training (n=122) and validation (n=423) sets. The area under the curves (AUCs) of anti-PDLIM1 autoantibody for discriminating OC from healthy controls were 0.765 in training set and 0.740 in validation set, and the AUC of anti-PDLIM1 autoantibody for discriminating OC from ovarian benign controls was 0.757 in validation set. Overall, it was able to distinguish 35.7% of OC, 40.6% of patients with early-stage, and 39.5% of patients with late-stage. When combined with CA125, the AUC increased to 0.846, and 79.2% of OC were detected, which is statistically higher than CA125 (61.7%) or anti-PDLIM1(35.7%) alone (p<0.001). Also, anti-PDLIM1 autoantibody could identify 15% (18/120) of patients that were negative with CA125 (CA125 <35 U/ml). Conclusions The anti-PDLIM1 autoantibody response in OC patients was positively correlated with PDLIM1 high expression in OC tissues, suggesting that the autoantibody against PDLIM1 might have the potential to be a novel serological biomarker of OC, serving as a complementary measure of CA125, which could improve the power of OC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuipeng Qiu
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment & Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaru Duan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment & Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment & Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment & Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment & Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment & Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment & Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment & Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Wang F, Zhao J, Zhang M, Yang J, Zeng G. Genome-wide analysis of the mouse LIM gene family reveals its roles in regulating pathological cardiac hypertrophy. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2271-2289. [PMID: 34328660 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
LIM-domain proteins have been shown to be associated with heart development and diseases. Systematic studies of LIM family members at the genome-wide level, which are crucial to further understand their functions in cardiac hypertrophy, are currently lacking. Here, 70 LIM genes were identified and characterised in mice. The expression patterns of LIM genes differ greatly during cardiac development and in the case of hypertrophy. Both Crip2 and Xirp2 are differentially expressed in cardiac hypertrophy and during heart failure. In addition, the hypertrophic state of cardiomyocytes is controlled by the relative expression levels of Crip2 and Xirp2. This study provides a foundation for further understanding of the special roles of LIM proteins in mammalian cardiac development and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangwei Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Zhou JK, Fan X, Cheng J, Liu W, Peng Y. PDLIM1: Structure, function and implication in cancer. Cell Stress 2021; 5:119-127. [PMID: 34396044 PMCID: PMC8335553 DOI: 10.15698/cst2021.08.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PDLIM1, a member of the PDZ-LIM family, is a cytoskeletal protein and functions as a platform to form distinct protein complexes, thus participating in multiple physiological processes such as cytoskeleton regulation and synapse formation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that PDLIM1 is dysregualted in a variety of tumors and plays essential roles in tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of PDLIM1, as well as its important roles in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kang Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenrong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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19
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Luna-Velez MV, Dijkstra JJ, Heuschkel MA, Smit FP, van de Zande G, Smeets D, Sedelaar JPM, Vermeulen M, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA. Androgen receptor signalling confers clonogenic and migratory advantages in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1882-1900. [PMID: 33797847 PMCID: PMC8253097 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) incidence is about three times higher in men compared with women. There are several indications for the involvement of hormonal factors in the aetiology of UCC. Here, we provide evidence of androgen signalling in UCC progression. Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed that the androgen receptor (AR) mRNA level is upregulated in a subset of UCC cases. In an AR‐positive UCC‐derived cell line model, UM‐UC‐3‐AR, androgen treatment increased clonogenic capacity inducing the formation of big stem cell‐like holoclones, while AR knockdown or treatment with the AR antagonist enzalutamide abrogated this clonogenic advantage. Additionally, blockage of AR signalling reduced the cell migration potential of androgen‐stimulated UM‐UC‐3‐AR cells. These phenotypic changes were accompanied by a rewiring of the transcriptome with almost 300 genes being differentially regulated by androgens, some of which correlated with AR expression in UCC patients in two independent data sets. Our results demonstrate that AR signals in UCC favouring the development of an aggressive phenotype and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Luna-Velez
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelmer J Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marina A Heuschkel
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Guillaume van de Zande
- Department of Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique Smeets
- Department of Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J P Michiel Sedelaar
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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20
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Dhanda AS, Yang D, Kooner A, Guttman JA. Distribution of PDLIM1 at actin-rich structures generated by invasive and adherent bacterial pathogens. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:919-938. [PMID: 33022122 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enteric bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) remodel the eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton during their disease processes. Listeria generate slender actin-rich comet/rocket tails to move intracellularly, and later, finger-like membrane protrusions to spread amongst host cells. EPEC remain extracellular, but generate similar actin-rich membranous protrusions (termed pedestals) to move atop the host epithelia. These structures are crucial for disease as diarrheal (and systemic) infections are significantly abrogated during infections with mutant strains that are unable to generate the structures. The current repertoire of host components enriched within these structures is vast and diverse. In this protein catalog, we and others have found that host actin crosslinkers, such as palladin and α-actinin-1, are routinely exploited. To expand on this list, we set out to investigate the distribution of PDLIM1, a scaffolding protein and binding partner of palladin and α-actinin-1, during bacterial infections. We show that PDLIM1 localizes to the site of initial Listeria entry into cells. Following this, PDLIM1 localizes to actin filament clouds surrounding immotile bacteria, and then colocalizes with actin once the comet/rocket tails are generated. Unlike palladin or α-actinin-1, PDLIM1 is maintained within the actin-rich core of membrane protrusions. Conversely, α-actinin-1, but not PDLIM1 (or palladin), is enriched at the membrane invagination that internalizes the Listeria-containing membrane protrusion. We also show that PDLIM1 is a component of the EPEC pedestal core and that its recruitment is dependent on the bacterial effector Tir. Our findings highlight PDLIM1 as another protein present within pathogen-induced actin-rich structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Dhanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diana Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Avneen Kooner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julian A Guttman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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De Boeck A, Ahn BY, D'Mello C, Lun X, Menon SV, Alshehri MM, Szulzewsky F, Shen Y, Khan L, Dang NH, Reichardt E, Goring KA, King J, Grisdale CJ, Grinshtein N, Hambardzumyan D, Reilly KM, Blough MD, Cairncross JG, Yong VW, Marra MA, Jones SJM, Kaplan DR, McCoy KD, Holland EC, Bose P, Chan JA, Robbins SM, Senger DL. Glioma-derived IL-33 orchestrates an inflammatory brain tumor microenvironment that accelerates glioma progression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4997. [PMID: 33020472 PMCID: PMC7536425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a deeper molecular understanding, human glioblastoma remains one of the most treatment refractory and fatal cancers. It is known that the presence of macrophages and microglia impact glioblastoma tumorigenesis and prevent durable response. Herein we identify the dual function cytokine IL-33 as an orchestrator of the glioblastoma microenvironment that contributes to tumorigenesis. We find that IL-33 expression in a large subset of human glioma specimens and murine models correlates with increased tumor-associated macrophages/monocytes/microglia. In addition, nuclear and secreted functions of IL-33 regulate chemokines that collectively recruit and activate circulating and resident innate immune cells creating a pro-tumorigenic environment. Conversely, loss of nuclear IL-33 cripples recruitment, dramatically suppresses glioma growth, and increases survival. Our data supports the paradigm that recruitment and activation of immune cells, when instructed appropriately, offer a therapeutic strategy that switches the focus from the cancer cell alone to one that includes the normal host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid De Boeck
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bo Young Ahn
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Charlotte D'Mello
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Xueqing Lun
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shyam V Menon
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mana M Alshehri
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lubaba Khan
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ngoc Ha Dang
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elliott Reichardt
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kimberly-Ann Goring
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer King
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cameron J Grisdale
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie Grinshtein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto and Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Karlyne M Reilly
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael D Blough
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Gregory Cairncross
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David R Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto and Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eric C Holland
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen M Robbins
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Donna L Senger
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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22
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Shi Y, Wang X, Xu Z, He Y, Guo C, He L, Huan C, Cai C, Huang J, Zhang J, Li Y, Zeng C, Zhang X, Wang L, Ke Y, Cheng H. PDLIM5 inhibits STUB1-mediated degradation of SMAD3 and promotes the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13798-13811. [PMID: 32737199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling plays an important role in regulating tumor malignancy, including in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The major biological responses of TGFβ signaling are determined by the effector proteins SMAD2 and SMAD3. However, the regulators of TGFβ-SMAD signaling are not completely revealed yet. Here, we showed that the scaffolding protein PDLIM5 (PDZ and LIM domain protein 5, ENH) critically promotes TGFβ signaling by maintaining SMAD3 stability in NSCLC. First, PDLIM5 was highly expressed in NSCLC compared with that in adjacent normal tissues, and high PDLIM5 expression was associated with poor outcome. Knockdown of PDLIM5 in NSCLC cells decreased migration and invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo In addition, TGFβ signaling and TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition was repressed by PDLIM5 knockdown. Mechanistically, PDLIM5 knockdown resulted in a reduction of SMAD3 protein levels. Overexpression of SMAD3 reversed the TGFβ-signaling-repressing and anti-migration effects induced by PDLIM5 knockdown. Notably, PDLIM5 interacted with SMAD3 but not SMAD2 and competitively suppressed the interaction between SMAD3 and its E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1. Therefore, PDLIM5 protected SMAD3 from STUB1-mediated proteasome degradation. STUB1 knockdown restored SMAD3 protein levels, cell migration, and invasion in PDLIM5-knockdown cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that PDLIM5 is a novel regulator of basal SMAD3 stability, with implications for controlling TGFβ signaling and NSCLC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Shi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Guo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caijuan Huan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changhong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linrun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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23
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Huang Z, Zhou JK, Wang K, Chen H, Qin S, Liu J, Luo M, Chen Y, Jiang J, Zhou L, Zhu L, He J, Li J, Pu W, Gong Y, Li J, Ye Q, Dong D, Hu H, Zhou Z, Dai L, Huang C, Wei X, Peng Y. PDLIM1 Inhibits Tumor Metastasis Through Activating Hippo Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2020; 71:1643-1659. [PMID: 31509262 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tumor metastasis is a major factor of high recurrence and mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its underlying mechanism remains elusive. We report that PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 (PDLIM1) is significantly down-regulated in metastatic human HCC tissues, which predicts unfavorable prognosis, suggesting that PDLIM1 may play an important inhibitory role during HCC metastasis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Functional studies indicate that PDLIM1 knockdown induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells, elevates their invasive capacity, and promotes metastasis in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of PDLIM1 exhibits opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, PDLIM1 competitively binds to the cytoskeleton cross-linking protein alpha-actinin 4 (ACTN4), leading to the disassociation of ACTN4 from F-actin, thus preventing F-actin overgrowth. In contrast, loss of PDLIM1 induces excessive F-actin formation, resulting in dephosphorylation of large tumor suppressor kinase 1 and activation of Yes-associated protein, thereby promoting HCC metastasis. Moreover, Asn145 (N145) of PDLIM1 is critical for its interaction with ACTN4, and N145A mutation abolishes its regulatory function in Hippo signaling and HCC metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PDLIM1 suppresses HCC metastasis by modulating Hippo signaling, suggesting that PDLIM1 may be a potential prognostic marker for metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Haining Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchen Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Dong
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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24
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Thuault S, Mamelonet C, Salameh J, Ostacolo K, Chanez B, Salaün D, Baudelet E, Audebert S, Camoin L, Badache A. A proximity-labeling proteomic approach to investigate invadopodia molecular landscape in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6787. [PMID: 32321993 PMCID: PMC7176661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression is the leading cause of mortality in breast cancer. Invasive tumor cells develop invadopodia to travel through basement membranes and the interstitial matrix. Substantial efforts have been made to characterize invadopodia molecular composition. However, their full molecular identity is still missing due to the difficulty in isolating them. To fill this gap, we developed a non-hypothesis driven proteomic approach based on the BioID proximity biotinylation technology, using the invadopodia-specific protein Tks5α fused to the promiscuous biotin ligase BirA* as bait. In invasive breast cancer cells, Tks5α fusion concentrated to invadopodia and selectively biotinylated invadopodia components, in contrast to a fusion which lacked the membrane-targeting PX domain (Tks5β). Biotinylated proteins were isolated by affinity capture and identified by mass spectrometry. We identified known invadopodia components, revealing the pertinence of our strategy. Furthermore, we observed that Tks5 newly identified close neighbors belonged to a biologically relevant network centered on actin cytoskeleton organization. Analysis of Tks5β interactome demonstrated that some partners bound Tks5 before its recruitment to invadopodia. Thus, the present strategy allowed us to identify novel Tks5 partners that were not identified by traditional approaches and could help get a more comprehensive picture of invadopodia molecular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Thuault
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - Claire Mamelonet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Joëlle Salameh
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France.,INSERM UMR-S 1193, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kevin Ostacolo
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brice Chanez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Medical Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - Danièle Salaün
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Baudelet
- CRCM, Marseille Proteomics, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- CRCM, Marseille Proteomics, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- CRCM, Marseille Proteomics, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Ali Badache
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Marseille, France
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25
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Dufresne J, Bowden P, Thavarajah T, Florentinus-Mefailoski A, Chen ZZ, Tucholska M, Norzin T, Ho MT, Phan M, Mohamed N, Ravandi A, Stanton E, Slutsky AS, Dos Santos CC, Romaschin A, Marshall JC, Addison C, Malone S, Heyland D, Scheltens P, Killestein J, Teunissen C, Diamandis EP, Siu KWM, Marshall JG. The plasma peptides of breast versus ovarian cancer. Clin Proteomics 2019; 16:43. [PMID: 31889940 PMCID: PMC6927194 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-019-9262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need to demonstrate a proof of principle that proteomics has the capacity to analyze plasma from breast cancer versus other diseases and controls in a multisite clinical trial design. The peptides or proteins that show a high observation frequency, and/or precursor intensity, specific to breast cancer plasma might be discovered by comparison to other diseases and matched controls. The endogenous tryptic peptides of breast cancer plasma were compared to ovarian cancer, female normal, sepsis, heart attack, Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis along with the institution-matched normal and control samples collected directly onto ice. Methods Endogenous tryptic peptides were extracted from individual breast cancer and control EDTA plasma samples in a step gradient of acetonitrile, and collected over preparative C18 for LC-ESI-MS/MS with a set of LTQ XL linear quadrupole ion traps working together in parallel to randomly and independently sample clinical populations. The MS/MS spectra were fit to fully tryptic peptides or phosphopeptides within proteins using the X!TANDEM algorithm. The protein observation frequency was counted using the SEQUEST algorithm after selecting the single best charge state and peptide sequence for each MS/MS spectra. The observation frequency was subsequently tested by Chi Square analysis. The log10 precursor intensity was compared by ANOVA in the R statistical system. Results Peptides and/or phosphopeptides of common plasma proteins such as APOE, C4A, C4B, C3, APOA1, APOC2, APOC4, ITIH3 and ITIH4 showed increased observation frequency and/or precursor intensity in breast cancer. Many cellular proteins also showed large changes in frequency by Chi Square (χ2 > 100, p < 0.0001) in the breast cancer samples such as CPEB1, LTBP4, HIF-1A, IGHE, RAB44, NEFM, C19orf82, SLC35B1, 1D12A, C8orf34, HIF1A, OCLN, EYA1, HLA-DRB1, LARS, PTPDC1, WWC1, ZNF562, PTMA, MGAT1, NDUFA1, NOGOC, OR1E1, OR1E2, CFI, HSA12, GCSH, ELTD1, TBX15, NR2C2, FLJ00045, PDLIM1, GALNT9, ASH2L, PPFIBP1, LRRC4B, SLCO3A1, BHMT2, CS, FAM188B2, LGALS7, SAT2, SFRS8, SLC22A12, WNT9B, SLC2A4, ZNF101, WT1, CCDC47, ERLIN1, SPFH1, EID2, THOC1, DDX47, MREG, PTPRE, EMILIN1, DKFZp779G1236 and MAP3K8 among others. The protein gene symbols with large Chi Square values were significantly enriched in proteins that showed a complex set of previously established functional and structural relationships by STRING analysis. An increase in mean precursor intensity of peptides was observed for QSER1 as well as SLC35B1, IQCJ-SCHIP1, MREG, BHMT2, LGALS7, THOC1, ANXA4, DHDDS, SAT2, PTMA and FYCO1 among others. In contrast, the QSER1 peptide QPKVKAEPPPK was apparently specific to ovarian cancer. Conclusion There was striking agreement between the breast cancer plasma peptides and proteins discovered by LC-ESI-MS/MS with previous biomarkers from tumors, cells lines or body fluids by genetic or biochemical methods. The results indicate that variation in plasma peptides from breast cancer versus ovarian cancer may be directly discovered by LC-ESI-MS/MS that will be a powerful tool for clinical research. It may be possible to use a battery of sensitive and robust linear quadrupole ion traps for random and independent sampling of plasma from a multisite clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Dufresne
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pete Bowden
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Thanusi Thavarajah
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Angelique Florentinus-Mefailoski
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Zhuo Zhen Chen
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Monika Tucholska
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tenzin Norzin
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Margaret Truc Ho
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Morla Phan
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Nargiz Mohamed
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- 2Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Eric Stanton
- 3Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- 4St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Chair in Medicine, Professor of Medicine, Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- 5St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexander Romaschin
- 5St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - John C Marshall
- 5St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christina Addison
- 6Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shawn Malone
- 6Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daren Heyland
- 7Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Canada
| | - Philip Scheltens
- 8Alzheimer Center, Dept of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- 9MS Center, Dept of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- 10Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Dept of Clinical Chemsitry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - K W M Siu
- 12University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - John G Marshall
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada.,13International Biobank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Luxembourg Institute of Health (formerly CRP Sante Luxembourg), Strassen, Luxembourg
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Transcription Factors That Govern Development and Disease: An Achilles Heel in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100794. [PMID: 31614829 PMCID: PMC6826716 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development requires the careful orchestration of several biological events in order to create any structure and, eventually, to build an entire organism. On the other hand, the fate transformation of terminally differentiated cells is a consequence of erroneous development, and ultimately leads to cancer. In this review, we elaborate how development and cancer share several biological processes, including molecular controls. Transcription factors (TF) are at the helm of both these processes, among many others, and are evolutionarily conserved, ranging from yeast to humans. Here, we discuss four families of TFs that play a pivotal role and have been studied extensively in both embryonic development and cancer—high mobility group box (HMG), GATA, paired box (PAX) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) in the context of their role in development, cancer, and their conservation across several species. Finally, we review TFs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer and reflect on the importance of natural resistance against cancer in certain organisms, yielding knowledge regarding TF function and cancer biology.
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27
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Gillingham AK, Bertram J, Begum F, Munro S. In vivo identification of GTPase interactors by mitochondrial relocalization and proximity biotinylation. eLife 2019; 8:45916. [PMID: 31294692 PMCID: PMC6639074 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPases of the Ras superfamily regulate cell growth, membrane traffic and the cytoskeleton, and a wide range of diseases are caused by mutations in particular members. They function as switchable landmarks with the active GTP-bound form recruiting to the membrane a specific set of effector proteins. The GTPases are precisely controlled by regulators that promote acquisition of GTP (GEFs) or its hydrolysis to GDP (GAPs). We report here MitoID, a method for identifying effectors and regulators by performing in vivo proximity biotinylation with mitochondrially-localized forms of the GTPases. Applying this to 11 human Rab GTPases identified many known effectors and GAPs, as well as putative novel effectors, with examples of the latter validated for Rab2, Rab5, Rab9 and Rab11. MitoID can also efficiently identify effectors and GAPs of Rho and Ras family GTPases such as Cdc42, RhoA, Rheb, and N-Ras, and can identify GEFs by use of GDP-bound forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessie Bertram
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Farida Begum
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Munro
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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28
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Fang C, Li JJ, Deng T, Li BH, Geng PL, Zeng XT. Actinin-4 as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Serum of Breast Cancer Patients. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3298-3302. [PMID: 31054253 PMCID: PMC6512348 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α-actinin-4 (Actinin-4 or ACTN4), originally identified as an actin-binding protein associated with the biological function of cancer cells, appears to be highly expressed in numerous human epithelial carcinomas, including breast cancer (BC). In the present study we assessed the role of serum ACTN4 as a biomarker for BC diagnosis, as well as the association between ACTN4 levels and clinicopathological features. Material/Methods ACTN4 expression level was measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis in serum specimens of 128 BC patients and 96 healthy volunteers. χ2 testing was conducted to explore the association of ACTN4 levels with clinicopathologic factors. Moreover, the diagnostic value of ACTN4 was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Serum ACTN4 level was obviously upregulated in patients with BC compared with healthy controls (P<0.05). High ACTN4 expression was significantly associated with clinical stage (P=0.000), tumor grade (P=0.004), and lymph node status (P=0.024). However, no association was found between ACTN4 expression and age, tumor size, ER status, PR status, or HER-2 status (all P>0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of ACTN4 was 0.887 (95%CI: 0.843–0.931), with sensitivity of 80.5% and specificity of 84.4%, and the cutoff value was 1.050. Conclusions ACTN4 in serum can serve as a clinical predictor in the diagnosis or prediction of clinical outcomes of patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Tong Deng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland).,Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Bing-Hui Li
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland).,Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Pei-Liang Geng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland).,Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland).,Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
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Liu LH, Tian QQ, Liu J, Zhou Y, Yong H. Upregulation of hsa_circ_0136666 contributes to breast cancer progression by sponging miR-1299 and targeting CDK6. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12684-12693. [PMID: 30993801 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can participate in multiple cancers, including breast cancer. Increasing circRNAs are recognized in various cancers because of the high-throughput sequencing. However, the potential physiological effect of hsa_circ_0136666 in breast cancer progression is unknown. In our study, the biological role of hsa_circ_0136666 in breast cancer development was studied. It was displayed that hsa_circ_0136666 was greatly increased in breast cancer. In addition, overexpression of hsa_circ_0136666 was able to promote Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7) and BT474 cell proliferation and triggered cell cycle in G2/M phase. microRNA plays critical role in tumor development and they can act as direct targets of circRNAs. miR-1299 has been implicated as a famous tumor suppressor in many cancers. Here, miR-1299 was predicted as the target of hsa_circ_0136666. Meanwhile, its Upregulation repressed breast cancer proliferation, migration and invasion capacity, which could be reversed by the increase of hsa_circ_0136666. Furthermore, Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) was speculated as the downstream target of miR-1299. In MCF7 and BT474 cells, CDK6 was greatly overexpressed and it was shown that CDK6 contributed a lot to breast cancer progression. Subsequently, it was implied that hsa_circ_0136666 could modulate CDK6 levels positively in vitro. In conclusion, it was revealed that Upregulation of hsa_circ_0136666 promoted breast cancer progression by sponging miR-1299 and targeting CDK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Hongmei Yong
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 62 South Huaihai Rode, Huai'an, China
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Rai A, Greening DW, Chen M, Xu R, Ji H, Simpson RJ. Exosomes Derived from Human Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Contribute to Functional Heterogeneity of Activated Fibroblasts by Reprogramming Their Proteome. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800148. [PMID: 30582284 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous population of activated fibroblasts that constitute a dominant cellular component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) performing distinct functions. Here, the role of tumor-derived exosomes (Exos) in activating quiescent fibroblasts into distinct functional subtypes is investigated. Proteomic profiling and functional dissection reveal that early- (SW480) and late-stage (SW620) colorectal cancer (CRC) cell-derived Exos both activated normal quiescent fibroblasts (α-SMA- , CAV+ , FAP+ , VIM+ ) into CAF-like fibroblasts (α-SMA+ , CAV- , FAP+ , VIM+ ). Fibroblasts activated by early-stage cancer-exosomes (SW480-Exos) are highly pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic and display elevated expression of pro-angiogenic (IL8, RAB10, NDRG1) and pro-proliferative (SA1008, FFPS) proteins. In contrast, fibroblasts activated by late-stage cancer-exosomes (SW620-Exos) display a striking ability to invade through extracellular matrix through upregulation of pro-invasive regulators of membrane protrusion (PDLIM1, MYO1B) and matrix-remodeling proteins (MMP11, EMMPRIN, ADAM10). Conserved features of Exos-mediated fibroblast activation include enhanced ECM secretion (COL1A1, Tenascin-C/X), oncogenic transformation, and metabolic reprogramming (downregulation of CAV-1, upregulation of glycogen metabolism (GAA), amino acid biosynthesis (SHMT2, IDH2) and membrane transporters of glucose (GLUT1), lactate (MCT4), and amino acids (SLC1A5/3A5)). This study highlights the role of primary and metastatic CRC tumor-derived Exos in generating phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of CAFs that may facilitate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang Q, Song R, Zhao C, Liu H, Yang Y, Gu S, Feng D, He J. HPV16 E6 promotes cervical cancer cell migration and invasion by downregulation of NHERF1. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1619-1632. [PMID: 30230542 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HPV16 is the predominant type of HPV causing invasive cervical cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the unparalleled carcinogenic power of HPV16 compared to other types of high-risk (HR)-HPV including HPV18 remains elusive. The PDZ binding motif (PBM) of high-risk HPV E6 plays an important role in neoplasia and progression of cervical cancer. HPV16 E6 rather than HPV18 E6, interacted with NHERF1 by its PBM region, and induced degradation of NHERF1. NHERF1 retarded the assembly of cytoskeleton by downregulation of ACTN4, thereby inhibited the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells in both cell and mouse model. HPV16 E6 was confirmed to enhance actin polymerization with increased ACTN4 level by downregulation of NHERF1, and result in enhanced migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. GSEA analysis of cervical cancer specimens also showed that HPV16 E6 rather than HPV18 E6, was significantly associated with actin cytoskeleton assembly. That downregulation of NHERF1 by HPV16 E6 promoted cytoskeleton assembly and cell invasion, was an important cause in cervical cancer carcinogenesis. These findings provided the differential mechanism between HPV16 E6 and HPV18 E6 in the development and progression of cervical cancer, which may partially explain the differences of carcinogenic power between these two types of HR-HPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjuan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Duiping Feng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Gong MT, Ye SD, Lv WW, He K, Li WX. Comprehensive integrated analysis of gene expression datasets identifies key anti-cancer targets in different stages of breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:802-810. [PMID: 30112036 PMCID: PMC6090421 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the primary threats to women's health worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of breast cancer remain to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate specific target gene expression profiles in breast cancer tissues in general and in different breast cancer stages, as well as to explore their functions in tumor development. For integrated analysis, a total of 5 gene expression profiling datasets for 3 different stages of breast cancer (stages I-III) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Pre-processing of these datasets was performed using the Robust Multi-array Average algorithm and global renormalization was performed for all studies. Differentially expressed genes between breast cancer patients and controls were estimated using the empirical Bayes algorithm. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery web server was used for analyzing the enrichment of the differentially expressed genes in Gene Ontology terms of the category biological process and in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Furthermore, breast cancer target genes were downloaded from the Thomson Reuters Integrity Database. We merged these target genes with the genes in breast cancer datasets. Analysis of anti-breast cancer gene networks was performed using the Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of Gene Networks in Tissues web server. The results demonstrated that the normal functions of the cell cycle, cell migration and cell adhesion were altered in all stages of breast cancer. Furthermore, 12 anti-breast cancer genes were identified to be dysregulated in at least one of the three stages. Among all of these genes, ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) exhibited the highest degree of interaction with other interacting genes. Analysis of the network interactions revealed that the transcription factor of RRM2 is crucial for cancer development. Other genes, including mucin 1, progesterone receptor and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3, also exhibited a high degree of interaction with the associated genes. In conclusion, several key anti-breast cancer genes identified in the present study are mainly associated with the regulation of the cell cycle, cell migration, cell adhesion and other cancer-associated cell functions, particularly RRM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Gong
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Dong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Lv
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Kan He
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, P.R. China
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33
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Tang YY, Zhao P, Zou TN, Duan JJ, Zhi R, Yang SY, Yang DC, Wang XL. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0001982 Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Carcinogenesis Through Decreasing miR-143. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:901-908. [PMID: 28933584 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of noncoding RNAs generated from back-splicing, which have been verified to mediate multiple tumorigenesis. With the development of high-throughput sequencing, massive circRNAs are discovered in tumorous tissue. However, the potential physiological effect of circRNAs in breast cancer is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression profile of circRNA in breast cancer tissue and explore the in-depth regulatory mechanism in breast cancer tumorigenesis. In the present study, we screened the circRNA expression profiles in breast cancer tissue using circRNA microarray analysis. Totally 1705 circRNAs were identified to be significantly aberrant. Among these dysregulated circRNAs, hsa_circ_0001982 was markedly overexpressed in breast cancer tissue and cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that miR-143 acted as target of hsa_circ_0001982, which was confirmed by Dual-luciferase reporter assay. Loss-of-function and rescue experiments revealed that hsa_circ_0001982 knockdown suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis by targeting miR-143. In summary, our study preliminarily investigates the circRNA expression in breast cancer tissue and explores the role of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism in the progression, providing a novel insight for breast cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yin Tang
- The First Mammary Surgical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- The First Mammary Surgical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Tian-Ning Zou
- The First Mammary Surgical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Jun Duan
- The First Mammary Surgical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Rong Zhi
- The First Mammary Surgical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Si-Yuan Yang
- The First Mammary Surgical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - De-Chun Yang
- The First Mammary Surgical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- The First Mammary Surgical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
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Al-Maleki AR, Loke MF, Lui SY, Ramli NSK, Khosravi Y, Ng CG, Venkatraman G, Goh KL, Ho B, Vadivelu J. Helicobacter pylori outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) suppresses apoptosis of AGS gastric cells in vitro. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28776327 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) is an important virulence factor associated with gastric cancer and ulcer development; however, the results have not been well established and turned out to be controversial. This study aims to elucidate the role of OipA in Helicobacter pylori infection using clinical strains harbouring oipA "on" and "off" motifs. Proteomics analysis was performed on AGS cell pre-infection and postinfection with H. pylori oipA "on" and "off" strains, using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AGS apoptosis and cell cycle assays were performed. Moreover, expression of vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) was screened using Western blotting. AGS proteins that have been suggested previously to play a role or associated with gastric disease were down-regulated postinfection with oipA "off" strains comparing to oipA "on" strains. Furthermore, oipA "off" and ΔoipA cause higher level of AGS cells apoptosis and G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest than oipA "on" strains. Interestingly, deletion of oipA increased bacterial VacA production. The capability of H. pylori to induce apoptosis and suppress expression of proteins having roles in human disease in the absence of oipA suggests that strains not expressing OipA may be less virulent or may even be protective against carcinogenesis compared those expressing OipA. This potentially explains the higher incidence of gastric cancer in East Asia where oipA "on" strains predominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Rageh Al-Maleki
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sook Yin Lui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Siti Khadijah Ramli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yalda Khosravi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chow Goon Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopinath Venkatraman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bow Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Precision Medicine Centre Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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35
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Wang Y, Han X, Li YD, Wang Y, Zhao SY, Zhang DJ, Lu Y. Lentinan dose dependence between immunoprophylaxis and promotion of the murine liver cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95152-95162. [PMID: 29221118 PMCID: PMC5707012 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentinan could exhibit significant biological activity favorable for human health and disease control such as the recovery of patients with liver cancer. In order to investigate the effect of lentinan dose dependence between immunoprophylaxis and promotion of cancer cell proliferation of the murine liver cancer, different concentrations of lentinan were prepared for the test in vitro (MTT assay) and in vivo (cumulative survival assay, spleen lymphocyte proliferation tests and peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis assays). New emerging proteins of the H22 cell incubated with lentinan was demonstrated by MS analysis and protein database searching. Lentinan was non-toxic for HL7702 cells but inhibited H22 cells proliferation obviously in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, the proliferation of H22 hepatocarcinoma cells was inhibited by lentinan 0.4mg/kg body weight (L2, survival rate, 20%, PPP<0.01). Six proteins 60Sacidic ribosomal protein P2, Peroxiredoxin-2, Annexin A5, PDZ and LIM domain protein 1, Src substrate cortactin and Moesin were found as emerging proteins of the H22 cell incubated with high dose lentinan which related to cancer promotion closely. In conclusion, Thelentinan was relatively safe and could inhibit the proliferation of H22 cancer cells through immunity improvement when it's intake was in proper quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.,National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Yan Dong Li
- Hebei Institute of Veterinary Drugs Control, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Yabing Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Shi Yang Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, PR China
| | - Dong Jie Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yu Lu
- Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau, Huasheng Integrated Service, Tianjin 300000, PR China
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36
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Yan H, Guan Q, He J, Lin Y, Zhang J, Li H, Liu H, Gu Y, Guo Z, He F. Individualized analysis reveals CpG sites with methylation aberrations in almost all lung adenocarcinoma tissues. J Transl Med 2017; 15:26. [PMID: 28178989 PMCID: PMC5299650 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the heterogeneity of cancer, identifying differentially methylated (DM) CpG sites between a set of cancer samples and a set of normal samples cannot tell us which patients have methylation aberrations in a particular DM CpG site. METHODS We firstly showed that the relative methylation-level orderings (RMOs) of CpG sites within individual normal lung tissues are highly stable but widely disrupted in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. This finding provides the basis of using the RankComp algorithm, previously developed for differential gene expression analysis at the individual level, to identify DM CpG sites in each cancer tissue compared with its own normal state. Briefly, through comparing with the highly stable normal RMOs predetermined in a large collection of samples for normal lung tissues, the algorithm finds those CpG sites whose hyper- or hypo-methylations may lead to the disrupted RMOs of CpG site pairs within a disease sample based on Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Evaluated in 59 lung adenocarcinoma tissues with paired adjacent normal tissues, RankComp reached an average precision of 94.26% for individual-level DM CpG sites. Then, after identifying DM CpG sites in each of the 539 lung adenocarcinoma samples from TCGA, we found five and 44 CpG sites hypermethylated and hypomethylated in above 90% of the disease samples, respectively. These findings were validated in 140 publicly available and eight additionally measured paired cancer-normal samples. Gene expression analysis revealed that four of the five genes, HOXA9, TAL1, ATP8A2, ENG and SPARCL1, each harboring one of the five frequently hypermethylated CpG sites within its promoters, were also frequently down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The common DNA methylation aberrations in lung adenocarcinoma tissues may be important for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidan Yan
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yunqing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Hongdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yunyan Gu
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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37
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Huang BP, Lin CS, Wang CJ, Kao SH. Upregulation of heat shock protein 70 and the differential protein expression induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhances migration and inhibits apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:284-293. [PMID: 28367089 PMCID: PMC5370291 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays diverse roles in liver damage and hepatocarcinogenesis with its multipotent bioactivity. However, the influence of TNFα on protein expression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is incompletely understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differential protein expression of HCC in response to TNFα stimulus. We observed that HepG2 cell revealed a higher resistance to TNFα-induced apoptosis as compared to the non-tumorigenic hepatocyte THLE-2. By using a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, we found that 520 proteins were differentially expressed in the HepG2 cells exposed to TNFα, including 211 up-regulated and 309 down-regulated proteins. We further confirmed several proteins with significant expression change (TNFα/control ratio>2.0 or <0.5) by immunoblotting using specific antibodies. We also analyzed the differential expressed proteins using Gene ontology and KEGG annotations, and the results implicated that TNFα might regulate ribosome, spliceosome, antigen processing and presentation, and energy metabolism in HepG2 cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that upregulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was involved in both the promoted migration and the inhibited apoptosis of HepG2 cells in response to TNFα. Collectively, these findings indicate that TNFα alters protein expression such as HSP70, which triggering specific molecular processes and signaling cascades that promote migration and inhibit apoptosis of HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee-Piao Huang
- Department of pathology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shiang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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38
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Zamora-González N, Crespo-Sanjuán J, Calvo-Nieves MD, Sánchez D, Ganfornina MD, Martínez G, Aguirre-Gervás B, González-Fajardo JA. Lower Expression of Genes Involved in Protection against Oxidative Stress in Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis. Ann Vasc Surg 2016; 41:271-278. [PMID: 27913124 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is increased in atherosclerosis, manifested both in blood and tissue (atherosclerotic plaque). We aim at describing the expression of a number of genes related to oxidative stress response in carotid atherosclerotic plaques and their relation to symptomatic state. METHODS We have studied the messenger RNA expression levels for genes related to oxidative stress in a population of 44 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, according to the presence (24 patients) or absence (20 patients) of symptoms. Samples were homogenized, RNA was extracted, and gene expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction arrays. RESULTS Data showed a decrease in expression of oxidative stress protective genes in symptomatic patients and increased expression of pro-oxidant genes. Asymptomatic patients maintain higher levels of expression of protective genes in the tissue. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a close relationship between symptoms and levels of expression of genes that protect against oxidative stress. We propose the existence of a mechanism that silences these genes, causing a more severe atherosclerotic disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diego Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular y Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ganfornina
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular y Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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Meta-analysis of gene expression studies in endometrial cancer identifies gene expression profiles associated with aggressive disease and patient outcome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36677. [PMID: 27830726 PMCID: PMC5103206 DOI: 10.1038/srep36677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC; comprising ~80% of all endometrial cancers diagnosed) is typically associated with favourable patient outcome, a significant portion (~20%) of women with this subtype will relapse. We hypothesised that gene expression predictors of the more aggressive non-endometrioid endometrial cancers (NEEC) could be used to predict EEC patients with poor prognosis. To explore this hypothesis, we performed meta-analysis of 12 gene expression microarray studies followed by validation using RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified 1,253 genes differentially expressed between EEC and NEEC. Analysis found 121 genes were associated with poor outcome among EEC patients. Forward selection likelihood-based modelling identified a 9-gene signature associated with EEC outcome in our discovery RNA-Seq dataset which remained significant after adjustment for clinical covariates, but was not significant in a smaller RNA-Seq dataset. Our study demonstrates the value of employing meta-analysis to improve the power of gene expression microarray data, and highlight genes and molecular pathways of importance for endometrial cancer therapy.
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Kadioglu O, Cao J, Kosyakova N, Mrasek K, Liehr T, Efferth T. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling of resistant CEM/ADR-5000 and sensitive CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells for unravelling the full complexity of multi-factorial multidrug resistance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36754. [PMID: 27824156 PMCID: PMC5099876 DOI: 10.1038/srep36754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We systematically characterised multifactorial multidrug resistance (MDR) in CEM/ADR5000 cells, a doxorubicin-resistant sub-line derived from drug-sensitive, parental CCRF-CEM cells developed in vitro. RNA sequencing and network analyses (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) were performed. Chromosomal aberrations were identified by array-comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) and multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (mFISH). Fifteen ATP-binding cassette transporters and numerous new genes were overexpressed in CEM/ADR5000 cells. The basic karyotype in CCRF-CEM cells consisted of 47, XX, der(5)t(5;14) (q35.33;q32.3), del(9) (p14.1), +20. CEM/ADR5000 cells acquired additional aberrations, including X-chromosome loss, 4q and 14q deletion, chromosome 7 inversion, balanced and unbalanced two and three way translocations: t(3;10), der(3)t(3;13), der(5)t(18;5;14), t(10;16), der(18)t(7;18), der(18)t(21;18;5), der(21;21;18;5) and der(22)t(9;22). CCRF-CEM consisted of two and CEM/ADR5000 of five major sub-clones, indicating genetic tumor heterogeneity. Loss of 3q27.1 in CEM/ADR5000 caused down-regulation of ABCC5 and ABCF3 expression, Xq28 loss down-regulated ABCD1 expression. ABCB1, the most well-known MDR gene, was 448-fold up-regulated due to 7q21.12 amplification. In addition to well-known drug resistance genes, numerous novel genes and genomic aberrations were identified. Transcriptomics and genetics in CEM/AD5000 cells unravelled a range of MDR mechanisms, which is much more complex than estimated thus far. This may have important implications for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jingming Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadezda Kosyakova
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Kristin Mrasek
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Gupta P, Suman S, Mishra M, Mishra S, Srivastava N, Kumar V, Singh PK, Shukla Y. Autoantibodies against TYMS and PDLIM1 proteins detected as circulatory signatures in Indian breast cancer patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:564-573. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Gupta
- Proteomics and Environment Carcinogenesis Laboratory; Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology; Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shankar Suman
- Proteomics and Environment Carcinogenesis Laboratory; Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology; Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Manisha Mishra
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Proteomics and Environment Carcinogenesis Laboratory; Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology; Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Environment Toxicology Laboratory; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Pradhyumna Kumar Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics and Environment Carcinogenesis Laboratory; Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology; Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
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Chen HN, Yuan K, Xie N, Wang K, Huang Z, Chen Y, Dou Q, Wu M, Nice EC, Zhou ZG, Huang C. PDLIM1 Stabilizes the E-Cadherin/β-Catenin Complex to Prevent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastatic Potential of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2015; 76:1122-34. [PMID: 26701804 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer, and increasing evidence supports the contribution of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to cancer progression. The dissociation of the E-cadherin/β-catenin adhesion complex represents a key step in EMT and promotes cancer invasion and metastasis, but the upstream signaling pathways regulating this interaction are poorly understood. Here, we show that PDLIM1, a member of the PDZ and LIM protein family, was downregulated in highly metastatic colorectal cancer cells and liver metastases from colorectal cancer patients. We found that loss of PDLIM1 promoted the expression of EMT markers and increased the invasive and migratory properties of multiple colorectal cancer cell lines. Furthermore, PDLIM1 knockdown increased colon-derived liver metastasis in an orthotopic colorectal cancer model and promoted distant metastatic colonization in an experimental lung metastasis model. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PDLIM1 interacted with and stabilized the E-cadherin/β-catenin complex, thereby inhibiting the transcriptional activity of β-catenin and preventing EMT. Accordingly, PDLIM1 overexpression attenuated EMT of colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, the downregulation of PDLIM1 in colorectal cancer samples correlated with reduced E-cadherin and membrane β-catenin levels, and was associated with shorter overall survival. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that PDLIM1 suppresses EMT and metastatic potential of colorectal cancer cells by stabilizing β-catenin at cell-cell junctions, and its loss in metastatic tissues may represent a potential prognostic marker of aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Na Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qianhui Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Guang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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Diep CH, Knutson TP, Lange CA. Active FOXO1 Is a Key Determinant of Isoform-Specific Progesterone Receptor Transactivation and Senescence Programming. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 14:141-62. [PMID: 26577046 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Progesterone promotes differentiation coupled to proliferation and prosurvival in the breast, but inhibits estrogen-driven growth in the reproductive tract and ovaries. Herein, it is demonstrated, using progesterone receptor (PR) isoform-specific ovarian cancer model systems, that PR-A and PR-B promote distinct gene expression profiles that differ from PR-driven genes in breast cancer cells. In ovarian cancer models, PR-A primarily regulates genes independently of progestin, while PR-B is the dominant ligand-dependent isoform. Notably, FOXO1 and the PR/FOXO1 target gene p21 (CDKN1A) are repressed by PR-A, but induced by PR-B. In the presence of progestin, PR-B, but not PR-A, robustly induced cellular senescence via FOXO1-dependent induction of p21 and p15 (CDKN2B). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays performed on PR isoform-specific cells demonstrated that while each isoform is recruited to the same PRE-containing region of the p21 promoter in response to progestin, only PR-B elicits active chromatin marks. Overexpression of constitutively active FOXO1 in PR-A-expressing cells conferred robust ligand-dependent upregulation of the PR-B target genes GZMA, IGFBP1, and p21, and induced cellular senescence. In the presence of endogenous active FOXO1, PR-A was phosphorylated on Ser294 and transactivated PR-B at PR-B target genes; these events were blocked by the FOXO1 inhibitor (AS1842856). PR isoform-specific regulation of the FOXO1/p21 axis recapitulated in human primary ovarian tumor explants treated with progestin; loss of progestin sensitivity correlated with high AKT activity. IMPLICATIONS This study indicates FOXO1 as a critical component for progesterone signaling to promote cellular senescence and reveals a novel mechanism for transcription factor control of hormone sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Diep
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Todd P Knutson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Carol A Lange
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Pharmacology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Ahn BY, Saldanha-Gama RFG, Rahn JJ, Hao X, Zhang J, Dang NH, Alshehri M, Robbins SM, Senger DL. Glioma invasion mediated by the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)/CD271) requires regulated interaction with PDLIM1. Oncogene 2015; 35:1411-22. [PMID: 26119933 PMCID: PMC4800290 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The invasive nature of glioblastoma renders them incurable by current therapeutic interventions. Using a novel invasive human glioma model, we previously identified the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR (aka CD271) as a mediator of glioma invasion. Herein, we provide evidence that preventing phosphorylation of p75NTR on S303 by pharmacological inhibition of PKA, or by a mutational strategy (S303G), cripples p75NTR-mediated glioma invasion resulting in serine phosphorylation within the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (SPV) of p75NTR. Consistent with this, deletion (ΔSPV) or mutation (SPM) of the PDZ motif results in abrogation of p75NTR-mediated invasion. Using a peptide-based strategy, we identified PDLIM1 as a novel signaling adaptor for p75NTR and provide the first evidence for a regulated interaction via S425 phosphorylation. Importantly, PDLIM1 was shown to interact with p75NTR in highly invasive patient-derived glioma stem cells/tumor-initiating cells and shRNA knockdown of PDLIM1 in vitro and in vivo results in complete ablation of p75NTR-mediated invasion. Collectively, these data demonstrate a requirement for a regulated interaction of p75NTR with PDLIM1 and suggest that targeting either the PDZ domain interactions and/or the phosphorylation of p75NTR by PKA could provide therapeutic strategies for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Ahn
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hughes Childhood Cancer Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R F G Saldanha-Gama
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J J Rahn
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hughes Childhood Cancer Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - X Hao
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hughes Childhood Cancer Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Zhang
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N-H Dang
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Alshehri
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S M Robbins
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hughes Childhood Cancer Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D L Senger
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hughes Childhood Cancer Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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45
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Emerson AI, Andrews S, Ahmed I, Azis TK, Malek JA. K-core decomposition of a protein domain co-occurrence network reveals lower cancer mutation rates for interior cores. J Clin Bioinforma 2015; 5:1. [PMID: 25767694 PMCID: PMC4357223 DOI: 10.1186/s13336-015-0016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Network biology currently focuses primarily on metabolic pathways, gene regulatory, and protein-protein interaction networks. While these approaches have yielded critical information, alternative methods to network analysis will offer new perspectives on biological information. A little explored area is the interactions between domains that can be captured using domain co-occurrence networks (DCN). A DCN can be used to study the function and interaction of proteins by representing protein domains and their co-existence in genes and by mapping cancer mutations to the individual protein domains to identify signals. Results The domain co-occurrence network was constructed for the human proteome based on PFAM domains in proteins. Highly connected domains in the central cores were identified using the k-core decomposition technique. Here we show that these domains were found to be more evolutionarily conserved than the peripheral domains. The somatic mutations for ovarian, breast and prostate cancer diseases were obtained from the TCGA database. We mapped the somatic mutations to the individual protein domains and the local false discovery rate was used to identify significantly mutated domains in each cancer type. Significantly mutated domains were found to be enriched in cancer disease pathways. However, we found that the inner cores of the DCN did not contain any of the significantly mutated domains. We observed that the inner core protein domains are highly conserved and these domains co-exist in large numbers with other protein domains. Conclusion Mutations and domain co-occurrence networks provide a framework for understanding hierarchal designs in protein function from a network perspective. This study provides evidence that a majority of protein domains in the inner core of the DCN have a lower mutation frequency and that protein domains present in the peripheral regions of the k-core contribute more heavily to the disease. These findings may contribute further to drug development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13336-015-0016-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold I Emerson
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ; Genomic Core, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Simeon Andrews
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ; Genomic Core, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ; Genomic Core, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Thasni Ka Azis
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ; Genomic Core, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Joel A Malek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ; Genomic Core, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
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