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Liu B, Li S, Cheng Y, Song P, Xu M, Li Z, Shao W, Xin J, Fu Z, Gu D, Du M, Zhang Z, Wang M. Distinctive multicellular immunosuppressive hubs confer different intervention strategies for left- and right-sided colon cancers. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101589. [PMID: 38806057 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Primary colon cancers arising from the left and right sides exhibit distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. Sidedness-associated heterogeneity relies intricately on the oncogenic properties of cancer cells and multicellular interactions in tumor microenvironments. Here, combining transcriptomic profiling of 426,863 single cells from 105 colon cancer patients and validation with spatial transcriptomics and large-scale histological analysis, we capture common transcriptional heterogeneity patterns between left- and right-sided malignant epithelia through delineating two side-specific expression meta-programs. The proliferation stemness meta-program is notably enriched in left-sided malignant epithelia that colocalize with Mph-PLTP cells, activated regulatory T cells (Tregs), and exhausted CD8-LAYN cells, constituting the glucose metabolism reprogramming niche. The immune secretory (IS) meta-program exhibits specific enrichment in right-sided malignant epithelia, especially in smoking patients with right-sided colon cancer. The IShigh malignant epithelia spatially localize in hypoxic regions and facilitate immune evasion through attenuating Mph-SPP1 cell antigen presentation and recruiting innate-like cytotoxicity-reduced CD8-CD161 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Liu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Menghuan Xu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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Chen S, Xu Y, Zhuo W, Zhang L. The emerging role of lactate in tumor microenvironment and its clinical relevance. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216837. [PMID: 38548215 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the significant impact of lactate in the tumor microenvironment has been greatly documented. Acting not only as an energy substance in tumor metabolism, lactate is also an imperative signaling molecule. It plays key roles in metabolic remodeling, protein lactylation, immunosuppression, drug resistance, epigenetics and tumor metastasis, which has a tight relation with cancer patients' poor prognosis. This review illustrates the roles lactate plays in different aspects of tumor progression and drug resistance. From the comprehensive effects that lactate has on tumor metabolism and tumor immunity, the therapeutic targets related to it are expected to bring new hope for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yining Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Center for Medical Research and Innovation in Digestive System Tumors, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Choi JB, Sim DY, Lee HJ, Park JE, Ahn CH, Park SY, Ko HJ, Khil JH, Shim BS, Kim B, Kim SH. The microRNA-193a-5p induced ROS production and disturbed colocalization between STAT3 and androgen receptor play critical roles in cornin induced apoptosis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1059-1070. [PMID: 38158648 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Though cornin is known to induce angiogenic, cardioprotective, and apoptotic effects, the apoptotic mechanism of this iridoid monoglucoside is not fully understood in prostate cancer cells to date. To elucidate the antitumor mechanism of cornin, cytotoxicity assay, cell cycle analysis, Western blotting, RT-qPCR, RNA interference, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and inhibitor assay were applied in this work. Cornin exerted cytotoxicity, increased sub-G1 population, and cleaved PARP and caspase3 in LNCaP cells more than in DU145 cells. Consistently, cornin suppressed phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and disrupted the colocalization of STAT3 and androgen receptor (AR) in LNCaP and DU145 cells, along with suppression of AR, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and 5α-reductase in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, cornin increased ROS production and the level of miR-193a-5p, while ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine disturbed the ability of cornin to attenuate the expression of AR, p-STAT3, PSA, pro-PARP, and pro-caspase3 in LNCaP cells. Notably, miR-193a-5p mimics the enhanced apoptotic effect of cornin, while miR-193a-5p inhibitor reverses the ability of cornin to abrogate AR, PSA, and STAT3 in LNCaP cells. Our findings suggest that ROS production and the disturbed crosstalk between STAT3 and AR by microRNA-193a-5p are critically involved in the apoptotic effect of cornin in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhin-Baek Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Joo Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Khil
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Vidula N, Yau C, Rugo HS. Glutaminase (GLS1) gene expression in primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:1079-1084. [PMID: 37679553 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor growth is mediated in part by glutamine, and glutaminase is an enzyme necessary for glutamine catabolism. We studied glutaminase (GLS1) gene expression in primary breast cancer to determine correlations with clinical and tumor characteristics, and gene associations in publicly available databases. A better understanding of glutaminase gene expression may help guide further exploration of glutaminase inhibitors in breast cancer. METHODS GLS1 mRNA levels were evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 817) and METABRIC (n = 1992) datasets. Associations between GLS1 and tumor subtype (ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey test for pairwise comparisons) and selected genes involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (Pearson's correlations) were determined in both datasets. In METABRIC, associations with overall survival (Cox proportional hazard model) were determined. For all analyses, p < 0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance. RESULTS GLS1 expression was significantly higher in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) than hormone receptor (HR) +/HER2- and HER2+ breast cancer (p < 0.001) and basal versus luminal A, luminal B, and HER2 enriched breast cancer (p < 0.001) in both datasets. In METABRIC, higher GLS1 expression was associated with improved overall survival (HR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.97, p = 0.005) and this association remained significant in the TNBC subset (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71-0.98, p = 0.032). GLS1 had significant positive gene correlations with immune, proliferative, and basal genes, and inverse correlations with luminal genes and genes involved in metabolism. CONCLUSION GLS1 expression is highest in TNBC and basal breast cancer, supporting ongoing clinical investigation of GLS1 inhibition in TNBC. GLS1 may have prognostic implications but further research is needed to validate this finding. GLS1 had significant positive gene correlations with immune genes, which may have implications for potential combinations of glutaminase inhibition and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Vidula
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Bartlett Hall Extension 1-215, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Christina Yau
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yue Y, Zhang H, Deng P, Tan M, Chen C, Tang B, Li J, Chen F, Zhao Q, Li L, Hao R, Wang H, Luo Y, Tian L, Xie J, Chen M, Yu Z, Zhou Z, Pi H. Environmental cadmium exposure facilitates mammary tumorigenesis via reprogramming gut microbiota-mediated glutamine metabolism in MMTV-Erbb2 mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165348. [PMID: 37429473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that has been widely reported to be linked to the onset and progression of breast cancer (BC). However, the mechanism of Cd-induced mammary tumorigenesis remains elusive. In our study, a transgenic mouse model that spontaneously develops tumors through overexpression of wild-type Erbb2 (MMTV-Erbb2) was constructed to investigate the effects of Cd exposure on BC tumorigenesis. The results showed that oral exposure to 3.6 mg/L Cd for 23 weeks dramatically accelerated tumor appearance and growth, increased Ki67 density and enhanced focal necrosis and neovascularization in the tumor tissue of MMTV-Erbb2 mice. Notably, Cd exposure enhanced glutamine (Gln) metabolism in tumor tissue, and 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), a Gln metabolism antagonist, inhibited Cd-induced breast carcinogenesis. Then our metagenomic sequencing and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics confirmed that Cd exposure disturbed gut microbiota homeostasis, especially Helicobacter and Campylobacter abundance remodeling, which altered the gut metabolic homeostasis of Gln. Moreover, intratumoral Gln metabolism profoundly increased under Cd-elevated gut permeability. Importantly, depletion of microbiota with an antibiotic cocktail (AbX) treatment led to a significant delay in the appearance of palpable tumors, inhibition of tumor growth, decrease in tumor weight, reduction in Ki67 expression and low-grade pathology in Cd-exposed MMTV-Erbb2 mice. Also, transplantation of Cd-modulated microbiota decreased tumor latency, accelerated tumor growth, increased tumor weight, upregulated Ki67 expression and exacerbated neovascularization as well as focal necrosis in MMTV-Erbb2 mice. In summary, Cd exposure induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, elevated gut permeability and increased intratumoral Gln metabolism, leading to the promotion of mammary tumorigenesis. This study provides novel insights into environmental Cd exposure-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huadong Zhang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Miduo Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jingdian Li
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengqiong Chen
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rongrong Hao
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengyan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Yi Y, Wang J, Liang C, Ren C, Lian X, Han C, Sun W. LC-MS-based serum metabolomics analysis for the screening and monitoring of colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1173424. [PMID: 37448516 PMCID: PMC10338013 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1173424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a prevalent digestive system tumour with significant mortality and recurrence rates. Serum metabolomics, with its high sensitivity and high throughput, has shown potential as a tool to discover biomarkers for clinical screening and monitoring of the CRC patients. Methods Serum metabolites of 61 sex and age-matched healthy controls and 62 CRC patients (before and after surgical intervention) were analyzed using a ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS). Statistical methods and pathway enrichment analysis were used to identify potential biomarkers and altered metabolic pathways. Results Our analysis revealed a clear distinction in the serum metabolic profile between CRC patients and healthy controls (HCs). Pathway analysis indicated a significant association with arginine biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, pantothenate, and CoA biosynthesis. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis showed that 9 metabolites had significant diagnostic value for CRC, among them, Guanosine with Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.951 for the training group and0.998 for the validation group. Furthermore, analysis of four specific metabolites (N-Phenylacetylasparticacid, Tyrosyl-Gamma-glutamate, Tyr-Ser and Sphingosine) in serum samples of CRC patients before and after surgery indicated a return to healthy levels after an intervention. Conclusion Our results suggest that serum metabolomics may be a valuable tool for the screening and monitoring of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengtong Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chongxu Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Zhao X, Wang E, Yang Y, Hu L, Xu H, Zhang B. PYCR1 promotes the malignant progression of lung cancer through the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway via PRODH-dependent glutamine synthesize. Transl Oncol 2023; 32:101667. [PMID: 37018868 PMCID: PMC10106966 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a serious threat to human life. It is of great significance to elucidate the pathogenesis of lung cancer and search for new markers. This study evaluate the clinical value of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) and explore its role and mechanisms in the malignant progression of lung cancer. METHODS PYCR1 expression and its relationship with prognosis were analyzed using a bioinformatics database. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were utilized to examine the expression of PYCR1 in lung cancer tissues and peripheral blood. PYCR1-overexpressing lung cancer cells were constructed, then the cell proliferative, migration, and invasion ability was examined by the MTT and Transwell assays. siRNA against PRODH and STAT3 inhibitor sttatic was used to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Luciferase and CHIP assays were carried out for validate the how PYCR1 regulated PD-L1 expression via STAT3. Xenograft experiment was performed to determine the role of PYCR1 in vivo. RESULTS Database analysis showed that PYCR1 expression was significantly increased in lung cancer tissues, and its high expression predicted poor prognosis. Lung cancer tissue and peripheral blood of patients showed obviously increased PYCR1 expression, and the sensitivity and specificity of serum PYCR1 in the diagnosis of lung cancer were 75.7% and 60%, respectively. PYCR1 overexpression enhanced the proliferative, migration, and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells. Both PRODH silence and stattic effectively attenuated the function of PYCR1. Animal experiment and IHC data indicated that PYCR1 could activated STAT3 phosphorylation and PD-L1, as well as suppressed T cell infiltration in lung cancer. Finally, we also validated that PYCR1 promoted PD-L1 transcription by elevating STAT3 binding to the gene promoter. CONCLUSION PYCR1 has certain value in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. Moreover, through regulating JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway, PYCR1 significantly participated in process of lung cancer progression via the metabolism link between proline and glutamine, indicating that PYCR1 might be also a novel therapeutic target.
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8
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Goenka A, Khan F, Verma B, Sinha P, Dmello CC, Jogalekar MP, Gangadaran P, Ahn B. Tumor microenvironment signaling and therapeutics in cancer progression. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:525-561. [PMID: 37005490 PMCID: PMC10174093 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, among other factors. Stromal cells can adopt new phenotypes to promote tumor cell invasion. A deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM interactions is needed to design effective intervention strategies that might interrupt these interactions. In this review, we describe the tumor microenvironment (TME) components and associated therapeutics. We discuss the clinical advances in the prevalent and newly discovered signaling pathways in the TME, the immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive chemokines, and currently used inhibitors targeting these pathways. These include both intrinsic and non-autonomous tumor cell signaling pathways in the TME: protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, Notch, and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress response, lactate signaling, Metabolic reprogramming, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and Siglec signaling pathways. We also discuss the recent advances in Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4), T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) and Lymphocyte Activating Gene 3 (LAG3) immune checkpoint inhibitors along with the C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)- C-C class chemokines 22 (CCL22)/ and 17 (CCL17), C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) chemokine signaling axis in the TME. In addition, this review provides a holistic understanding of the TME as we discuss the three-dimensional and microfluidic models of the TME, which are believed to recapitulate the original characteristics of the patient tumor and hence may be used as a platform to study new mechanisms and screen for various anti-cancer therapies. We further discuss the systemic influences of gut microbiota in TME reprogramming and treatment response. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diverse and most critical signaling pathways in the TME, highlighting the associated newest and critical preclinical and clinical studies along with their underlying biology. We highlight the importance of the most recent technologies of microfluidics and lab-on-chip models for TME research and also present an overview of extrinsic factors, such as the inhabitant human microbiome, which have the potential to modulate TME biology and drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of NeurologyThe Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological SurgeryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Bhupender Verma
- Department of OphthalmologySchepens Eye Research InstituteMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, 02114MAUSA
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Department of NeurologyMassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, 02129MAUSA
| | - Crismita C. Dmello
- Department of Neurological SurgeryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Manasi P. Jogalekar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoSan Francisco, 94143CAUSA
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future TalentsDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu, 41944South Korea
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu, 41944South Korea
| | - Byeong‐Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future TalentsDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu, 41944South Korea
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu, 41944South Korea
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9
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Singh M, Afonso J, Sharma D, Gupta R, Kumar V, Rani R, Baltazar F, Kumar V. Targeting monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in cancer: How close are we to the clinics? Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 90:1-14. [PMID: 36706846 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
As a result of metabolic reprogramming, cancer cells display high rates of glycolysis, causing an excess production of lactate along with an increase in extracellular acidity. Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are crucial in the maintenance of this metabolic phenotype, by mediating the proton-coupled lactate flux across cell membranes, also contributing to cancer cell pH regulation. Among the proteins codified by the SLC16 gene family, MCT1 and MCT4 isoforms are the most explored in cancers, being overexpressed in many cancer types, from solid tumours to haematological malignancies. Similarly to what occurs in particular physiological settings, MCT1 and MCT4 are able to mediate lactate shuttles among cancer cells, and also between cancer and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. This form of metabolic cooperation is responsible for important cancer aggressiveness features, such as cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, immune tolerance and therapy resistance. The growing understanding of MCT functions and regulation is offering a new path to the design of novel inhibitors that can be foreseen in clinical practices. This review provides an overview of the role of MCT isoforms in cancer and summarizes the recent advances in their pharmacological targeting, highlighting the potential of new potent and selective MCT1 and/or MCT4 inhibitors in cancer therapeutics, and anticipating its inclusion in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Singh
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research Amity, University UP, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Julieta Afonso
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Dolly Sharma
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research Amity, University UP, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University UP, Sector-125, Noida, India-201313
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research Amity, University UP, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, DBG College, Sector-18, Panipat, Haryana, India
| | - Reshma Rani
- Drug Discovery, Jubilant Biosys, Greater Noida 201306, UP, India.
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research Amity, University UP, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India.
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10
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Li YJ, Zhang C, Martincuks A, Herrmann A, Yu H. STAT proteins in cancer: orchestration of metabolism. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:115-134. [PMID: 36596870 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. However, the metabolic dependency of cancer, from tumour initiation through disease progression and therapy resistance, requires a spectrum of distinct reprogrammed cellular metabolic pathways. These pathways include aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species generation, de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, amino acid (notably glutamine) metabolism and mitochondrial metabolism. This Review highlights the central roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, notably STAT3, STAT5, STAT6 and STAT1, in orchestrating the highly dynamic metabolism not only of cancer cells but also of immune cells and adipocytes in the tumour microenvironment. STAT proteins are able to shape distinct metabolic processes that regulate tumour progression and therapy resistance by transducing signals from metabolites, cytokines, growth factors and their receptors; defining genetic programmes that regulate a wide range of molecules involved in orchestration of metabolism in cancer and immune cells; and regulating mitochondrial activity at multiple levels, including energy metabolism and lipid-mediated mitochondrial integrity. Given the central role of STAT proteins in regulation of metabolic states, they are potential therapeutic targets for altering metabolic reprogramming in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Antons Martincuks
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Sorrento Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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11
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Mou J, Huang M, Wang F, Xu X, Xie H, Lu H, Li M, Li Y, Kong W, Chen J, Xiao Y, Chen Y, Wang C, Ren J. HMGN5 Escorts Oncogenic STAT3 Signaling by Regulating the Chromatin Landscape in Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1724-1738. [PMID: 36066963 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is highly dependent on the ability of cancer cell tumor formation, in which epigenetic modulation plays an essential role. However, the epigenetic factors promoting breast tumor formation are less known. Screened from three-dimensional (3D)-sphere tumor formation model, HMGN5 that regulates chromatin structures became the candidate therapeutic target in breast cancer, though its role is obscure. HMGN5 is highly expressed in 3D-spheres of breast cancer cells and clinical tumors, also an unfavorable prognostic marker in patients. Furthermore, HMGN5 controls tumor formation and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HMGN5 is governed by active STAT3 transcriptionally and further escorts STAT3 to shape the oncogenic chromatin landscape and transcriptional program. More importantly, interference of HMGN5 by nanovehicle-packaged siRNA effectively inhibits tumor growth in breast cancer cell-derived xenograft mice model. IMPLICATIONS Our findings reveal a novel feed-forward circuit between HMGN5 and STAT3 in promoting breast cancer tumorigenesis and suggest HMGN5 as a novel epigenetic therapeutic target in STAT3-hyperactive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Mou
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meijun Huang
- ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqi Xie
- ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China
| | - Henglei Lu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwen Kong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaochen Wang
- ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Ren
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Lee HY, You DJ, Taylor-Just AJ, Linder KE, Atkins HM, Ralph LM, De la Cruz G, Bonner JC. Pulmonary exposure of mice to ammonium perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX) suppresses the innate immune response to carbon black nanoparticles and stimulates lung cell proliferation. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:244-259. [PMID: 35704474 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2086651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with respiratory diseases in humans, yet the mechanisms through which PFAS cause susceptibility to inhaled agents is unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of ammonium perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX), an emerging PFAS, on the pulmonary immune response of mice to carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP). We hypothesized that pulmonary exposure to GenX would increase susceptibility to CBNP through suppression of innate immunity. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to vehicle, 4 mg/kg CBNP, 10 mg/kg GenX, or CBNP and GenX by oropharyngeal aspiration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected at 1 and 14 days postexposure for cytokines and total protein. Lung tissue was harvested for histopathology, immunohistochemistry (Ki67 and phosphorylated (p)-STAT3), western blotting (p-STAT3 and p-NF-κB), and qRT-PCR for cytokine mRNAs. RESULTS CBNP increased CXCL-1 and neutrophils in BALF at both time points evaluated. However, GenX/CBNP co-exposure reduced CBNP-induced CXCL-1 and neutrophils in BALF. Moreover, CXCL-1, CXCL-2 and IL-1β mRNAs were increased by CBNP in lung tissue but reduced by GenX. Western blotting showed that CBNP induced p-NF-κB in lung tissue, while the GenX/CBNP co-exposed group displayed decreased p-NF-κB. Furthermore, mice exposed to GenX or GenX/CBNP displayed increased numbers of BALF macrophages undergoing mitosis and increased Ki67 immunostaining. This was correlated with increased p-STAT3 by western blotting and immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from mice co-exposed to GenX/CBNP. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary exposure to GenX suppressed CBNP-induced innate immune response in the lungs of mice yet promoted the proliferation of macrophages and lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Lee
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dorothy J You
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alexia J Taylor-Just
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hannah M Atkins
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren M Ralph
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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13
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PI3K Pathway Inhibition with NVP-BEZ235 Hinders Glycolytic Metabolism in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113065. [PMID: 34831287 PMCID: PMC8616488 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain cancer that lacks effective molecular targeted therapies. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in 90% of all Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors. To gain insight into the impact of the PI3K pathway on GBM metabolism, we treated U87MG GBM cells with NVP-BEZ235 (PI3K and mTOR a dual inhibitor) and identified differentially expressed genes with RNA-seq analysis. RNA-seq identified 7803 differentially regulated genes in response to NVP-BEZ235. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified two glycolysis-related gene sets that were significantly enriched (p < 0.05) in control samples compared to NVP-BEZ235-treated samples. We validated the inhibition of glycolytic genes by NVP-BEZ235 and examined the impact of the FOXO1 inhibitor (AS1842856) on these genes in a set of GBM cell lines. FOXO1 inhibition alone was associated with reduced LDHA expression, but not ENO1 or PKM2. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that PI3K-impacted glycolytic genes were over-expressed and co-expressed in GBM clinical samples. The elevated expression of PI3K-impacted glycolytic genes was associated with poor prognosis in GBM based on Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Our results suggest novel insights into hallmark metabolic reprogramming associated with the PI3K-mTOR dual inhibition.
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14
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Emerging role of ferroptosis in breast cancer: New dawn for overcoming tumor progression. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107992. [PMID: 34606782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become a serious threat to women's health. Cancer progression is mainly derived from resistance to apoptosis induced by procedures or therapies. Therefore, new drugs or models that can overcome apoptosis resistance should be identified. Ferroptosis is a recently identified mode of cell death characterized by excess reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation. Since ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, its induction successfully eliminates cancer cells that are resistant to other modes of cell death. Therefore, ferroptosis may become a new direction around which to design breast cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the complete appearance of ferroptosis in breast cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, whether ferroptosis inducers can be used in combination with traditional anti- breast cancer drugs is still unknown. Moreover, a summary of ferroptosis in breast cancer progression and therapy is currently not available. In this review, we discuss the roles of ferroptosis-associated modulators glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 4, iron, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2, superoxide dismutases, lipoxygenase and coenzyme Q in breast cancer. Furthermore, we provide evidence that traditional drugs against breast cancer induce ferroptosis, and that ferroptosis inducers eliminate breast cancer cells. Finally, we put forward prospect of using ferroptosis inducers in breast cancer therapy, and predict possible obstacles and corresponding solutions. This review will deepen our understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and breast cancer, and provide new insights into breast cancer-related therapeutic strategies.
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15
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Shen Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Chen K, Xiang M, Ma H. Glutamine metabolism: from proliferating cells to cardiomyocytes. Metabolism 2021; 121:154778. [PMID: 33901502 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine is a major energy source for rapidly dividing cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells and cancer cells. Reliance on glutamine is therefore regarded as a metabolic hallmark of proliferating cells. Moreover, reprogramming glutamine metabolism by various factors, including tissue type, microenvironment, pro-oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes, can facilitate stem cell fate decisions, tumor recurrence, and drug resistance. However, the significance of glutamine metabolism in cardiomyocytes, an end-differentiated cell type, is not fully understood. Existing evidence suggests important roles of glutamine metabolism in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we have focused on glutaminolysis and its regulatory network in proliferating cells. We have summarized current findings about the role of glutamine utilization in cardiomyocytes and have discussed possibilities of targeting glutamine metabolism for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Wudi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Kaijie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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16
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Hipólito A, Martins F, Mendes C, Lopes-Coelho F, Serpa J. Molecular and Metabolic Reprogramming: Pulling the Strings Toward Tumor Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656851. [PMID: 34150624 PMCID: PMC8209414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major hurdle to the efficient treatment of cancer, accounting for the great majority of cancer-related deaths. Although several studies have disclosed the detailed mechanisms underlying primary tumor formation, the emergence of metastatic disease remains poorly understood. This multistep process encompasses the dissemination of cancer cells to distant organs, followed by their adaptation to foreign microenvironments and establishment in secondary tumors. During the last decades, it was discovered that these events may be favored by particular metabolic patterns, which are dependent on reprogrammed signaling pathways in cancer cells while they acquire metastatic traits. In this review, we present current knowledge of molecular mechanisms that coordinate the crosstalk between metastatic signaling and cellular metabolism. The recent findings involving the contribution of crucial metabolic pathways involved in the bioenergetics and biosynthesis control in metastatic cells are summarized. Finally, we highlight new promising metabolism-based therapeutic strategies as a putative way of impairing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hipólito
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cindy Mendes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Prasad P, Roy SS. Glutamine regulates ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion through ETS1. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07064. [PMID: 34136678 PMCID: PMC8180613 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are dependent on glutamine for their metabolism and growth. Despite being the most abundant amino acid in the blood, glutamine deprivation occurs in the core of the tumor rendering less access to glutamine to the nearby tumor cells. Tumor cells mostly use the glutamine for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to produce energy and the ingredients of the biomass required for the highly proliferating and metastatic ovarian cancer cells. But there is a lack of reports on the regulation of glutamine starvation on metastatic behavior and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells. We found that glutamine starvation reduced the migration and invasion properties of the ovarian cancer cells, PA1 and SKOV3. The expression of the invasion-inducing proteins, like matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), were downregulated upon glutamine starvation. MMP genes are mostly regulated by the ETS1 oncogenic transcription factor in invasive tumor cells. Here we demonstrated the significant involvement of ETS1 on EMT and invasion in glutamine-deprived cells. We have further shown that the regulation of ETS1 expression and nuclear localization upon glutamine starvation is controlled in a cell type-specific manner. In PA1 cells, glutamine-induced ETS1 over-expression is HIF1α-dependent, while in SKOV3, its translocation to the nucleus is regulated through the mTOR pathway. Considering all, our study suggests that glutamine plays a very significant role in migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells and ETS1 plays a key role in inducing such oncogenic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parash Prasad
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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18
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Prasad P, Ghosh S, Roy SS. Glutamine deficiency promotes stemness and chemoresistance in tumor cells through DRP1-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4821-4845. [PMID: 33895866 PMCID: PMC11073067 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is essential for maintaining the TCA cycle in cancer cells yet they undergo glutamine starvation in the core of tumors. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for tumor recurrence are often found in the nutrient limiting cores. Our study uncovers the molecular basis and cellular links between glutamine deprivation and stemness in the cancer cells. We showed that glutamine is dispensable for the survival of ovarian and colon cancer cells while it is required for their proliferation. Glutamine starvation leads to the metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells with enhanced glycolysis and unaltered oxidative phosphorylation. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in glutamine limiting condition induces MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway to phosphorylate dynamin-related protein-1(DRP1) at Ser616. Moreover, p-DRP1 promotes mitochondrial fragmentation and enhances numbers of CD44 and CD117/CD45 positive CSCs. Besides the established features of cancer stem cells, glutamine deprivation induces perinuclear localization of fragmented mitochondria and reduction in proliferation rate which are usually observed in CSCs. Treatment with glutaminase inhibitor (L-DON) mimics the effects of glutamine starvation without altering cell survival in in vitro as well as in in vivo model. Interestingly, the combinatorial treatment of L-DON with DRP1 inhibitor (MDiVi-1) reduces the stem cell population in tumor tissue in mouse model. Collectively our data suggest that glutamine deficiency in the core of tumors can increase the cancer stem cell population and the combination therapy with MDiVi-1 and L-DON is a useful approach to reduce CSCs population in tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parash Prasad
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sampurna Ghosh
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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19
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Schiliro C, Firestein BL. Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells Supporting Enhanced Growth and Proliferation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051056. [PMID: 33946927 PMCID: PMC8146072 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells alter metabolic processes to sustain their characteristic uncontrolled growth and proliferation. These metabolic alterations include (1) a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis to support the increased need for ATP, (2) increased glutaminolysis for NADPH regeneration, (3) altered flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle for macromolecule generation, (4) increased lipid uptake, lipogenesis, and cholesterol synthesis, (5) upregulation of one-carbon metabolism for the production of ATP, NADH/NADPH, nucleotides, and glutathione, (6) altered amino acid metabolism, (7) metabolism-based regulation of apoptosis, and (8) the utilization of alternative substrates, such as lactate and acetate. Altered metabolic flux in cancer is controlled by tumor-host cell interactions, key oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and other regulatory molecules, including non-coding RNAs. Changes to metabolic pathways in cancer are dynamic, exhibit plasticity, and are often dependent on the type of tumor and the tumor microenvironment, leading in a shift of thought from the Warburg Effect and the “reverse Warburg Effect” to metabolic plasticity. Understanding the complex nature of altered flux through these multiple pathways in cancer cells can support the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Schiliro
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-8045
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20
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Shojaei-Zarghani S, Rafraf M, Yari-Khosroushahi A. Theanine and cancer: A systematic review of the literature. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4782-4794. [PMID: 33891786 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing literature indicates several health benefits of theanine, a major nonprotein derivative amino acid special to tea, and a nonedible mushroom. This study aimed to systematically review the scientific evidence regarding the anticarcinogen and anticancer effects of natural theanine. A systematic search for the relevant articles published until January 2021 on MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge was conducted. Out of 377 initial records, 14 in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies met our inclusion criteria. Most of the included in vitro and ex vivo studies reported beneficial effects of theanine on the proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, migration, and invasion in various cancer cell lines. The in vivo studies also supported the potential impacts of theanine on cancer incidence or progression. Theanine exerted its anticancer function by inhibiting EGFR, VEGFR, Met, and Akt/mTOR, JAK2/STAT3, and ERK/NFκB pathways, as well as activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway and caspase-independent programmed cell death. In conclusion, the results indicated moderate apoptotic, antimetastatic, antimigration, and anti-invasion effects, along with the mild antiproliferative influence of theanine on cancer. Further studies are necessary to ascertain the effectiveness of theanine on the prevention and suppression of cancer and shed light upon the attributable mechanisms in the in vivo condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shojaei-Zarghani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafraf
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari-Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Wang X, Xu C, Wang S, Huang W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li N, Gao Z, Wang F, Zhang N, Guan J, Yi H, Liu F. A novel tumor suppressor CECR2 down regulation links glutamine metabolism contributes tumor growth in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1942-1954. [PMID: 33826083 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutamine plays an important role in tumor metabolism and progression. This research aimed to find out how Gln exert their effects on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 and EdU assay, mitochondrial bioenergetic activity was measured by mitochondrial stress tests. Gene expression profiling was revealed by RNA sequencing and validated by RT-qPCR. In LSCC patients, protein expression in tumor and adjacent tissues was examined and scored by IHC staining. RNAi was performed by stably expressed shRNA in TU177 cells. In vivo tumor growth analysis was performed using a nude mouse tumorigenicity model. RESULTS Gln deprivation suppressed TU177 cell proliferation, which was restored by αKG supplementation. By transcriptomic analysis, we identified CECR2, which encodes a histone acetyl-lysine reader, as the downstream target gene for Gln and αKG. In LSCC patients, the expression of CECR2 in tumors was lower than adjacent tissues. Furthermore, deficiency of CECR2 promoted tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has tumor suppressor effects. Besides, cell proliferation inhibited by Gln withdrawal could be restored by CECR2 depletion, and the proliferation boosted by αKG supplementation could be magnified either, suggested that CECR2 feedback suppressed Gln and αKG's effect on tumor growth. Transcriptomic profiling revealed CECR2 regulated the expression of a series of genes involved in tumor progression. CONCLUSION We confirmed the Gln-αKG-CECR2 axis contributes to tumor growth in LSCC. This finding provided a potential therapeutic opportunity for the use of associated metabolites as a potential treatment for LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Niannian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, 200233, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Metabolic Effects of Recurrent Genetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030396. [PMID: 33494394 PMCID: PMC7865460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene activation and malignant transformation exerts energetic, biosynthetic and redox demands on cancer cells due to increased proliferation, cell growth and tumor microenvironment adaptation. As such, altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, which is characterized by the reprogramming of multiple metabolic pathways. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that arises from terminally differentiated B cells. MM is characterized by reciprocal chromosomal translocations that often involve the immunoglobulin loci and a restricted set of partner loci, and complex chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with disease progression. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in MM result in the aberrant expression of MYC, cyclin D1, FGFR3/MMSET and MAF/MAFB. In recent years, the intricate mechanisms that drive cancer cell metabolism and the many metabolic functions of the aforementioned MM-associated oncogenes have been investigated. Here, we discuss the metabolic consequences of recurrent chromosomal translocations in MM and provide a framework for the identification of metabolic changes that characterize MM cells.
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23
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Yu T, Dong T, Eyvani H, Fang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Lu X. Metabolic interventions: A new insight into the cancer immunotherapy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 697:108659. [PMID: 33144083 PMCID: PMC8638212 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming confers cancer cells plasticity and viability under harsh conditions. Such active alterations lead to cell metabolic dependency, which can be exploited as an attractive target in development of effective antitumor therapies. Similar to cancer cells, activated T cells also execute global metabolic reprogramming for their proliferation and effector functions when recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the high metabolic activity of rapidly proliferating cancer cells can compete for nutrients with immune cells in the TME, and consequently, suppressing their anti-tumor functions. Thus, therapeutic strategies could aim to restore T cell metabolism and anti-tumor responses in the TME by targeting the metabolic dependence of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight current research progress on metabolic reprogramming and the interplay between cancer cells and immune cells. We also discuss potential therapeutic intervention strategies for targeting metabolic pathways to improve cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tianhan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Haniyeh Eyvani
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yuanzhang Fang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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24
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Garg M, Shanmugam MK, Bhardwaj V, Goel A, Gupta R, Sharma A, Baligar P, Kumar AP, Goh BC, Wang L, Sethi G. The pleiotropic role of transcription factor STAT3 in oncogenesis and its targeting through natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1291-1336. [PMID: 33289118 DOI: 10.1002/med.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of the crucial transcription factors, responsible for regulating cellular proliferation, cellular differentiation, migration, programmed cell death, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and immune activation. In this review, we have discussed the classical regulation of STAT3 via diverse growth factors, cytokines, G-protein-coupled receptors, as well as toll-like receptors. We have also highlighted the potential role of noncoding RNAs in regulating STAT3 signaling. However, the deregulation of STAT3 signaling has been found to be associated with the initiation and progression of both solid and hematological malignancies. Additionally, hyperactivation of STAT3 signaling can maintain the cancer stem cell phenotype by modulating the tumor microenvironment, cellular metabolism, and immune responses to favor drug resistance and metastasis. Finally, we have also discussed several plausible ways to target oncogenic STAT3 signaling using various small molecules derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vipul Bhardwaj
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akul Goel
- La Canada High School, La Canada Flintridge, California, USA
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arundhiti Sharma
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Baligar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Cancer Stem Cell-Associated Pathways in the Metabolic Reprogramming of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239125. [PMID: 33266219 PMCID: PMC7730588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cancer is now considered a hallmark of many malignant tumors, including breast cancer, which remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women all over the world. One of the main challenges for the effective treatment of breast cancer emanates from the existence of a subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Over the years, several pathways involved in the regulation of CSCs have been identified and characterized. Recent research has also shown that CSCs are capable of adopting a metabolic flexibility to survive under various stressors, contributing to chemo-resistance, metastasis, and disease relapse. This review summarizes the links between the metabolic adaptations of breast cancer cells and CSC-associated pathways. Identification of the drivers capable of the metabolic rewiring in breast cancer cells and CSCs and the signaling pathways contributing to metabolic flexibility may lead to the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This review also covers the role of these metabolic adaptation in conferring drug resistance and metastasis in breast CSCs.
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26
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Ren Z, Liu J, Yao L, Li J, Qi Z, Li B. Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 serves as a novel tumor suppressor of colorectal carcinoma and predicts clinical prognosis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 33093905 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide. However, the mechanisms of initiation and development of CRC are still largely unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the biological function and prognosis of glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 (GRIK1) in CRC. GRIK1 expression levels were analyzed in tissue microarrays containing 80 primary CRC samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between GRIK1 expression levels, clinicopathological factors and the prognosis was also investigated using Spearman's correlation analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis, respectively. After genetic knockdown or overexpression of GRIK1, invasion/migration assays, proliferation assay, soft agar/colony formation assays, western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and tumor xenograft models were used to investigate the function of GRIK1 both in vitro in two CRC cell lines, HCT116 and SW620, and in vivo. The results revealed that the expression levels of GRIK1 were significantly downregulated in CRC samples. Furthermore, IHC analysis indicated that the downregulated expression levels of GRIK1 were significantly associated with lymph node status and tumor size. In addition, patients with CRC with low GRIK1 expression levels demonstrated a consistently poor overall survival. The overexpression of GRIK1 inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCT116 cells in vitro. In contrast, the genetic knockdown of GRIK1 promoted the proliferative, colony forming, migratory and invasive abilities of SW620 cells in vitro. Moreover, the overexpression of GRIK1 inhibited tumor growth, and liver and lung metastasis of CRC in vivo. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that GRIK1 may serve as a tumor suppressor in CRC, and upregulated expression levels of GRIK1 may predict an improved prognosis for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Ren
- Endoscopy Research Institute, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jingzheng Liu
- Endoscopy Research Institute, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Liqing Yao
- Endoscopy Research Institute, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Endoscopy Research Institute, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Qi
- Endoscopy Research Institute, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Endoscopy Research Institute, Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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27
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Altea‐Manzano P, Cuadros AM, Broadfield LA, Fendt S. Nutrient metabolism and cancer in the in vivo context: a metabolic game of give and take. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50635. [PMID: 32964587 PMCID: PMC7534637 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients are indispensable resources that provide the macromolecular building blocks and energy requirements for sustaining cell growth and survival. Cancer cells require several key nutrients to fulfill their changing metabolic needs as they progress through stages of development. Moreover, both cell-intrinsic and microenvironment-influenced factors determine nutrient dependencies throughout cancer progression-for which a comprehensive characterization remains incomplete. In addition to the widely studied role of genetic alterations driving cancer metabolism, nutrient use in cancer tissue may be affected by several factors including the following: (i) diet, the primary source of bodily nutrients which influences circulating metabolite levels; (ii) tissue of origin, which can influence the tumor's reliance on specific nutrients to support cell metabolism and growth; (iii) local microenvironment, which dictates the accessibility of nutrients to tumor cells; (iv) tumor heterogeneity, which promotes metabolic plasticity and adaptation to nutrient demands; and (v) functional demand, which intensifies metabolic reprogramming to fuel the phenotypic changes required for invasion, growth, or survival. Here, we discuss the influence of these factors on nutrient metabolism and dependence during various steps of tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Altea‐Manzano
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Alejandro M Cuadros
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Lindsay A Broadfield
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Sarah‐Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
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Target the human Alanine/Serine/Cysteine Transporter 2(ASCT2): Achievement and Future for Novel Cancer Therapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Park SK, Byun WS, Lee S, Han YT, Jeong YS, Jang K, Chung SJ, Lee J, Suh YG, Lee SK. A novel small molecule STAT3 inhibitor SLSI-1216 suppresses proliferation and tumor growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells through apoptotic induction. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114053. [PMID: 32450253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer, characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Owing to the absence of molecular targets, there are limited treatment options, and TNBC patients exhibit high mortality rates. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is overexpressed and aberrantly activated in TNBC cells. Therefore, inhibition of STAT3-mediated signaling provides a potential strategy for the treatment of TNBC. In this study, A series of synthetic derivatives of SLSI-1 (a STAT3 inhibitor) were designed and evaluated for antitumor activity in TNBC cells. A novel derivative (SLSI-1216) exhibited the most potent anti-proliferative activity. SLSI-1216 effectively inhibited STAT3 activity and activation of STAT3, leading to the downregulation of AXL, a downstream target of STAT3 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. The inhibition of EMT by SLSI-1216 was associated with modulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Furthermore, SLSI-1216 induced apoptosis by targeting STAT3 and effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo. These findings suggest that SLSI-1216, as a potential inhibitor of STAT3, may be a promising therapeutic agent for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sub Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbeom Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Seong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungkuk Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jae Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Wang L, Wang R, Wei GY, Wang SM, Du GH. Dihydrotanshinone attenuates chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis and alters fecal microbiota in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110262. [PMID: 32447214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis (CIM) is a principal reason for reduced living quality of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Growing evidence showed gut microbiota played an important role in the development of intestinal mucositis. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) is a liposoluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge with many bioactivities. Here we investigated the effect of DHTS on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan in mice. We detected the degree of intestinal mucosal damage and inflammatory response in CIM mice with or without DHTS administration. The body weight and disease activity index (DAI) of mice were monitored each day. H&E staining was used to evaluate pathological damage. The contents of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), diacylglycerol (DAO) and triglyceride (TG) in serum were determined by commercial kits. We also investigated the changes of fecal microbiota by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between fecal microbiota and inflammatory factors. Tax4Funwas performed to infer the potential function of the microbial community. Results showed DHTS significantly reduced DAI, intestinal mucosal damage and inflammatory response in CIM mice by decreasing serum IL-6 and TNFα. In addition, there is an intense correlation between fecal microbiota and inflammatory factors. DHTS efficiently reversed disordered fecal microflora close to normal and increased the abundance of g__Akkermansia. DHTS also enriched bacterial species which promote butyric acid metabolism or negatively correlated with inflammatory factors. Besides, species enriched by DHTS in fecal microbiota were probably involved in glutamine production and ammonia oxidation. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that DHTS effectively attenuates CIM induced by 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan in mice. Regulation of the composition and function of fecal microbiota probably plays a critical role in the therapeutic effect of DHTS in CIM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Research and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Yi Wei
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Me Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Research and New Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Moreno-Sánchez R, Marín-Hernández Á, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Robledo-Cadena DX, Padilla-Flores JA, Saavedra E, Rodríguez-Enríquez S. Physiological Role of Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:429. [PMID: 32328457 PMCID: PMC7160333 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NH 4 + increased growth rates and final densities of several human metastatic cancer cells. To assess whether glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in cancer cells may catalyze the reverse reaction of NH 4 + fixation, its covalent regulation and kinetic parameters were determined under near-physiological conditions. Increased total protein and phosphorylation were attained in NH 4 + -supplemented metastatic cells, but total cell GDH activity was unchanged. Higher V max values for the GDH reverse reaction vs. forward reaction in both isolated hepatoma (HepM) and liver mitochondria [rat liver mitochondria (RLM)] favored an NH 4 + -fixing role. GDH sigmoidal kinetics with NH 4 + , ADP, and leucine fitted to Hill equation showed n H values of 2 to 3. However, the K 0.5 values for NH 4 + were over 20 mM, questioning the physiological relevance of the GDH reverse reaction, because intracellular NH 4 + in tumors is 1 to 5 mM. In contrast, data fitting to the Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) model revealed lower K m values for NH 4 + , of 6 to 12 mM. In silico analysis made with MWC equation, and using physiological concentrations of substrates and modulators, predicted GDH N-fixing activity in cancer cells. Therefore, together with its thermodynamic feasibility, GDH may reach rates for its reverse, NH 4 + -fixing reaction that are compatible with an anabolic role for supporting growth of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Juan C Gallardo-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Masisi BK, El Ansari R, Alfarsi L, Rakha EA, Green AR, Craze ML. The role of glutaminase in cancer. Histopathology 2020; 76:498-508. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendah K Masisi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Rokaya El Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Lutfi Alfarsi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Madeleine L Craze
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Division of Cancer and Stem Cells School of Medicine University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute University Park Nottingham UK
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Lu L, Li H, Wu X, Rao J, Zhou J, Fan S, Shen Q. HJC0152 suppresses human non-small-cell lung cancer by inhibiting STAT3 and modulating metabolism. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12777. [PMID: 32022328 PMCID: PMC7106968 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated and overexpressed in many cancers, including non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We recently developed HJC0152 as an orally active STAT3 inhibitor. This study focused on investigating HJC0152's effect and mechanism of action in NSCLC. Materials and methods We analysed cell proliferation by MTT assays, cell migration by wound healing and transwell assays, protein levels by Western blot, and apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by flow cytometry. A nude mouse tumorigenesis model was established for in vivo experiment. UHPLC‐QTOF/MS was used for untargeted metabolomic relative quantitation analysis. Results We found that HJC0152 exhibited activity against human NSCLC cells in vitro and NSCLC xenograft tumours in vivo via regulating STAT3 signalling and metabolism. HJC0152 efficiently reduced NSCLC cell proliferation, promoted ROS generation, induced apoptosis, triggered DNA damage and reduced motility in A549 and H460 NSCLC cells. Moreover, HJC0152 significantly inhibited the growth of A549 xenograft tumours in vivo. HJC0152 also affected metabolism, significantly decreasing and perturbating levels of several metabolites in the purine, glutathione and pyrimidine metabolism pathways. Conclusions HJC0152 reduces cellular capacity to scavenge free radicals, leading to ROS generation and accumulation and apoptosis. This study provides a rationale for further developing HJC0152 as a potential therapy for NSCLC and provides insights into the mechanisms by which HJC0152 exerts its anti‐cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Amino Acid Transporters and Exchangers from the SLC1A Family: Structure, Mechanism and Roles in Physiology and Cancer. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1268-1286. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li D, Jiao W, Liang Z, Wang L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Liang Y, Niu H. Variation in energy metabolism arising from the effect of the tumor microenvironment on cell biological behaviors of bladder cancer cells and endothelial cells. Biofactors 2020; 46:64-75. [PMID: 31580525 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor energy metabolism and angiogenesis play significant roles in tumor genesis and development, while the effect of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which tumors rely on, is always ignored. In this research, we cocultured bladder cancer (BC) T24 cells with tumor-associated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and detected proliferation, migration, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis to reveal the energy metabolism characteristics and their effect on cell biological behaviors (CBBs) in the TME. Compared with single-cultured cells, both cocultured T24 cells and HUVECs showed poor proliferation and migration in hypoxic environment, and OXPHOS was activated in cocultured T24 cells but weakened in cocultured HUVECs. However, in normoxic environment, cocultured T24 cells grew much faster while cocultured HUVECs grew slower compared with single-cultured cells. Additionally, glycolysis played a crucial role in energy metabolism and was inhibited in cocultured T24 cells but activated in cocultured HUVECs. In normoxic TME, OXPHOS take main responsibility of energy metabolism. T24 cells exhibited increased proliferation and migration with HUVECs support. In hypoxic TME, glycolysis may be the primary energy supply pathway. T24 cells then exhibit suppressed proliferation and migration, while HUVECs tend to promote angiogenesis to adapt to the harsh TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng, China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng, China
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Amino Acid-Mediated Metabolism: A New Power to Influence Properties of Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6919463. [PMID: 31885621 PMCID: PMC6915148 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6919463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-renewal and differentiation potentials of stem cells are dependent on amino acid (AA) metabolism. We review the literature on the metabolic preference of both cancer and noncancer stem cells. The balance in AA metabolism is responsible for maintaining the functionality of noncancer stem cells, and altering the levels of AAs can influence the malignant biological behavior of cancer stem cells. AAs are considered nutrients participating in metabolism and playing a critical role in maintaining the activity of normal stem cells and the effect of therapy of cancer stem cells. Targeting AA metabolism helps inhibit the stemness of cancer stem cells and remodels the function of normal stem cells. This review summarizes the metabolic characteristics and regulation pathways of AA in different stem cells, not only from the nutritional perspective but also from the genomic perspective that have been reported in the recent five years. In addition, we briefly survey new therapeutic modalities that may help eradicate cancer stem cells by exploiting nutrient deprivation. Understanding AA uptake characteristics helps researchers define the preference for AA in different stem cells and enables clinicians make timely interventions to specifically target the cell behavior.
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D'Souza L, Bhattacharya D. Plasma cells: You are what you eat. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:161-177. [PMID: 30874356 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cells are terminally differentiated B lymphocytes that constitutively secrete antibodies. These antibodies can provide protection against pathogens, and their quantity and quality are the best clinical correlates of vaccine efficacy. As such, plasma cell lifespan is the primary determinant of the duration of humoral immunity. Yet dysregulation of plasma cell function can cause autoimmunity or multiple myeloma. The longevity of plasma cells is primarily dictated by nutrient uptake and non-transcriptionally regulated metabolic pathways. We have previously shown a positive effect of glucose uptake and catabolism on plasma cell longevity and function. In this review, we discuss these findings with an emphasis on nutrient uptake and its effects on respiratory capacity, lifespan, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and antibody secretion in plasma cells. We further discuss how some of these pathways may be dysregulated in multiple myeloma, potentially providing new therapeutic targets. Finally, we speculate on the connection between plasma cell intrinsic metabolism and systemic changes in nutrient availability and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D'Souza
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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Yan D, Franzini A, Pomicter AD, Halverson BJ, Antelope O, Mason CC, Ahmann JM, Senina AV, Vellore NA, Jones CL, Zabriskie MS, Than H, Xiao MJ, van Scoyk A, Patel AB, Clair PM, Heaton WL, Owen SC, Andersen JL, Egbert CM, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Cox JE, Gantz KC, Redwine HM, Iyer SM, Khorashad JS, Rajabi N, Olsen CA, O'Hare T, Deininger MW. SIRT5 IS A DRUGGABLE METABOLIC VULNERABILITY IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. Blood Cancer Discov 2019; 2:266-287. [PMID: 34027418 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered that the survival and growth of many primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and cell lines, but not normal CD34+ cells, are dependent on SIRT5, a lysine deacylase implicated in regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Dependence on SIRT5 is genotype-agnostic and extends to RAS- and p53-mutated AML. Results were comparable between SIRT5 knockdown and SIRT5 inhibition using NRD167, a potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitor. Apoptosis induced by SIRT5 disruption is preceded by reductions in oxidative phosphorylation and glutamine utilization, and an increase in mitochondrial superoxide that is attenuated by ectopic superoxide dismutase 2. These data indicate that SIRT5 controls and coordinates several key metabolic pathways in AML and implicate SIRT5 as a vulnerability in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Yan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anca Franzini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Orlando Antelope
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Clinton C Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jonathan M Ahmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna V Senina
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nadeem A Vellore
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Courtney L Jones
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Hein Than
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Michael J Xiao
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Ami B Patel
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Phillip M Clair
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L Heaton
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shawn C Owen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Christina M Egbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin C Gantz
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hannah M Redwine
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Siddharth M Iyer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jamshid S Khorashad
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nima Rajabi
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas O'Hare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Wappler J, Arts M, Röth A, Heeren RMA, Peter Neumann U, Olde Damink SW, Soons Z, Cramer T. Glutamine deprivation counteracts hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. Neoplasia 2019; 22:22-32. [PMID: 31765939 PMCID: PMC6883317 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of solid tumors is a key determinant of therapy efficacy. The co-occurrence of oxygen and nutrient deprivation is a common phenomenon of the tumor microenvironment and associated with treatment resistance. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by a very poor prognosis and pronounced chemoresistance. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is urgently needed to improve therapy strategies against CCA. We sought to investigate the importance of the conditionally essential amino acid glutamine, a centrally important nutrient for a variety of solid tumors, for CCA. Glutamine levels were strongly decreased in CCA samples and the growth of established human CCA cell lines was highly dependent on glutamine. Using gradual reduction of external glutamine, we generated derivatives of CCA cell lines which were able to grow without external glutamine (termed glutamine-depleted (GD)). To analyze the effects of coincident oxygen and glutamine deprivation, GD cells were treated with cisplatin or gemcitabine under normoxia and hypoxia. Strikingly, the well-established phenomenon of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance was completely reversed in GD cells. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms, we focused on the oncogene c-Myc. The combination of cisplatin and hypoxia led to sustained c-Myc protein expression in wildtype cells. In contrast, c-Myc expression was reduced in response to the combinatorial treatment in GD cells, suggesting a functional importance of c-Myc in the process of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. In summary, these findings indicate that the mechanisms driving adaption to tumor microenvironmental changes and their relevance for the response to therapy are more complex than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wappler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martijn Arts
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anjali Röth
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany; ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany; ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven W Olde Damink
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany; ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zita Soons
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Cramer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany; ESCAM - European Surgery Center Aachen Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Sun N, Liang Y, Chen Y, Wang L, Li D, Liang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Niu H. Glutamine affects T24 bladder cancer cell proliferation by activating STAT3 through ROS and glutaminolysis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2189-2200. [PMID: 31661119 PMCID: PMC6844601 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in metabolism are common phenomena in tumors. Glutamine (Gln) has been documented to play a critical role in tumor growth. In this study, we aimed to to explore the mechanisms through which bladder cancer cells utilize Gln to fulfill their biosynthetic needs during proliferation. In addition, the roles of Gln in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression were examined in vitro in the T24 bladder cancer cell line. The results revealed that the T24 cell line was markedly Gln-dependent and that Gln supplementation promoted T24 proliferation through the actions of Gln as a ROS moderator and as a metabolic fuel in the TCA cycle. Importantly, extracellular Gln deprivation deregulated the production of the transcription factor, STAT3. Additionally, STAT3 expression was affected by the degree of Gln metabolism, as regulated by Gln intermediates and ROS. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that Gln promotes the proliferation of the Gln-dependent bladder cancer cell line, T24, by supplementing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and neutralizing ROS to activate the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningchuan Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lijiang Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Payen VL, Mina E, Van Hée VF, Porporato PE, Sonveaux P. Monocarboxylate transporters in cancer. Mol Metab 2019; 33:48-66. [PMID: 31395464 PMCID: PMC7056923 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors are highly plastic metabolic entities composed of cancer and host cells that can adopt different metabolic phenotypes. For energy production, cancer cells may use 4 main fuels that are shuttled in 5 different metabolic pathways. Glucose fuels glycolysis that can be coupled to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in oxidative cancer cells or to lactic fermentation in proliferating and in hypoxic cancer cells. Lipids fuel lipolysis, glutamine fuels glutaminolysis, and lactate fuels the oxidative pathway of lactate, all of which are coupled to the TCA cycle and OXPHOS for energy production. This review focuses on the latter metabolic pathway. Scope of review Lactate, which is prominently produced by glycolytic cells in tumors, was only recently recognized as a major fuel for oxidative cancer cells and as a signaling agent. Its exchanges across membranes are gated by monocarboxylate transporters MCT1-4. This review summarizes the current knowledge about MCT structure, regulation and functions in cancer, with a specific focus on lactate metabolism, lactate-induced angiogenesis and MCT-dependent cancer metastasis. It also describes lactate signaling via cell surface lactate receptor GPR81. Major conclusions Lactate and MCTs, especially MCT1 and MCT4, are important contributors to tumor aggressiveness. Analyses of MCT-deficient (MCT+/- and MCT−/-) animals and (MCT-mutated) humans indicate that they are druggable, with MCT1 inhibitors being in advanced development phase and MCT4 inhibitors still in the discovery phase. Imaging lactate fluxes non-invasively using a lactate tracer for positron emission tomography would further help to identify responders to the treatments. In cancer, hypoxia and cell proliferation are associated to lactic acid production. Lactate exchanges are at the core of tumor metabolism. Transmembrane lactate trafficking depends on monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). MCTs are implicated in tumor development and aggressiveness. Targeting MCTs is a therapeutic option for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Pole of Pediatrics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erica Mina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincent F Van Hée
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
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Milewski K, Bogacińska-Karaś M, Hilgier W, Albrecht J, Zielińska M. TNFα increases STAT3-mediated expression of glutaminase isoform KGA in cultured rat astrocytes. Cytokine 2019; 123:154774. [PMID: 31344597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate related excitotoxicity and excess of cerebral levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) are interrelated and well documented abnormalities noticed in many central nervous system diseases. Contribution of kidney type glutaminase (KGA) and shorter alternative splicing form (GAC) to glutamine degradation in astrocytes has been recently a matter of dispute and extensive study but the regulation of the GLS isoforms by inflammatory factors is still not well known. Here we show that treatment of cultured rat cortical astrocytes with pathophysiologically relevant (50 ng/ml) concentration of TNFα specifically increases the expression of KGA but not GAC and increases activity of GLS. No changes in the expression of either of two GLS isoforms were observed following treatment with other tested cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. The TNFα mediated KGA expression was associated with increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Stimulatory effect of TNF-α on KGA expression was reduced by selective inhibition of (STAT3) but not by inhibition of STAT1 nor nuclear transcription factor kappa. Additionally, the role of miRNA in TNFα-induced expression of KGA in astrocytes was excluded, since the expression of miR-23a/b and miR-200c, potential regulators of KGA expression, was unchanged. This study documents increased KGA expression in the astrocytes under inflammatory stimulation, identifying TNFα as a cytokine mediating this response, and demonstrates the specific and selective involvement of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Milewski
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Bogacińska-Karaś
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hilgier
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Albrecht
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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43
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Pokrovsky VS, Chepikova OE, Davydov DZ, Zamyatnin AA, Lukashev AN, Lukasheva EV. Amino Acid Degrading Enzymes and their Application in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:446-464. [PMID: 28990519 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006132729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are essential components in various biochemical pathways. The deprivation of certain amino acids is an antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of amino acid-dependent cancers which exploits the compromised metabolism of malignant cells. Several studies have focused on the development and preclinical and clinical evaluation of amino acid degrading enzymes, namely L-asparaginase, L-methionine γ-lyase, L-arginine deiminase, L-lysine α-oxidase. Further research into cancer cell metabolism may therefore define possible targets for controlling tumor growth. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to summarize recent progress in the relationship between amino acids metabolism and cancer therapy, with a particular focus on Lasparagine, L-methionine, L-arginine and L-lysine degrading enzymes and their formulations, which have been successfully used in the treatment of several types of cancer. METHODS We carried out a structured search among literature regarding to amino acid degrading enzymes. The main aspects of search were in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials concerning application of these enzymes in oncology. RESULTS Most published research are on the subject of L-asparaginase properties and it's use for cancer treatment. L-arginine deiminase has shown promising results in a phase II trial in advanced melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Other enzymes, in particular Lmethionine γ-lyase and L-lysine α-oxidase, were effective in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The findings of this review revealed that therapy based on amino acid depletion may have the potential application for cancer treatment but further clinical investigations are required to provide the efficacy and safety of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E Chepikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico- Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Lukasheva
- People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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44
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Carvalho TM, Cardoso HJ, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. The peculiarities of cancer cell metabolism: A route to metastasization and a target for therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:343-363. [PMID: 30928707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the peculiarities of metabolic reprogramming in tumour onset and progression, and their relevance in cancer therapy. Also, it has been indicated that the metastatic process may depend on the metabolic rewiring and adaptation of cancer cells to the pressure of tumour microenvironment and limiting nutrient availability. The present review gatherers the existent knowledge on the influence of tumour microenvironment and metabolic routes driving metastasis. A focus will be given to glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, glutaminolysis, and amino acid handling. In addition, the role of metabolic waste driving metastasization will be explored. Finally, we discuss the status of cancer treatment approaches targeting metabolism. This knowledge revision will highlight the critical metabolic targets in metastasis and the chemicals already used in preclinical studies and clinical trials, providing clues that would be further exploited in medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ma Carvalho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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45
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Rupprecht A, Moldzio R, Mödl B, Pohl EE. Glutamine regulates mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 to promote glutaminolysis in neuroblastoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:391-401. [PMID: 30885735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is highly abundant in rapidly proliferating cells that utilize aerobic glycolysis, such as stem cells, cancer cells, and cells of the immune system. However, the function of UCP2 has been a longstanding conundrum. Considering the strict regulation and unusually short life time of the protein, we propose that UCP2 acts as a "signaling protein" under nutrient shortage in cancer cells. We reveal that glutamine shortage induces the rapid and reversible downregulation of UCP2, decrease of the metabolic activity and proliferation of neuroblastoma cells, that are regulated by glutamine per se but not by glutamine metabolism. Our findings indicate a very rapid (within 1 h) metabolic adaptation that allows the cell to survive by either shifting its metabolism to the use of the alternative fuel glutamine or going into a reversible, more quiescent state. The results imply that UCP2 facilitates glutamine utilization as an energetic fuel source, thereby providing metabolic flexibility during glucose shortage. The targeting UCP2 by drugs to intervene with cancer cell metabolism may represent a new strategy for treatment of cancers resistant to other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rupprecht
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Moldzio
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernadette Mödl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena E Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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46
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Xia X, Zhou W, Guo C, Fu Z, Zhu L, Li P, Xu Y, Zheng L, Zhang H, Shan C, Gao Y. Glutaminolysis Mediated by MALT1 Protease Activity Facilitates PD-L1 Expression on ABC-DLBCL Cells and Contributes to Their Immune Evasion. Front Oncol 2018; 8:632. [PMID: 30619766 PMCID: PMC6305595 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed in an aggressive activated B-cell (ABC)/non-germinal center B cell–like (GCB) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is associated with inhibition of the tumor-associated T cell response. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PD-L1 expression in ABC-DLBCL remains unclear. Here, we report that MALT1 protease activity is required for ABC-DLBCL cells to evade cytotoxity of Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes by generating substantial PD-L1+ ABC-DLBCL cells. While, NF-κB was dispensable for the PD-L1 expression induced by MALT1 protease activity in ABC-DLBCL cells. Furthermore, we showed that GLS1 expression was profoundly reduced by MALT1 protease activity inhibition, which resulted in insufficiency of glutaminolysis-derived mitochondrial bioenergetics. Activation of the PD-L1 transcription factor STAT3, which was strongly suppressed by glutaminolysis blockade, was rescued in a TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle-dependent manner by glutamate addition. Collectively, MALT1 protease activity coupled with glutaminolysis-derived mitochondrial bioenergetics plays an essential role in PD-L1 expression on ABC-DLBCL cells under immunosurveillance stress. Thus, our research sheds light on a mechanism underlying PD-L1 expression and highlights a potential therapeutic target to vanquish immune evasion by ABC-DLBCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengbin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leqing Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangyan Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changliang Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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47
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Gong MT, Ye SD, Lv WW, He K, Li WX. Comprehensive integrated analysis of gene expression datasets identifies key anti-cancer targets in different stages of breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:802-810. [PMID: 30112036 PMCID: PMC6090421 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the primary threats to women's health worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of breast cancer remain to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate specific target gene expression profiles in breast cancer tissues in general and in different breast cancer stages, as well as to explore their functions in tumor development. For integrated analysis, a total of 5 gene expression profiling datasets for 3 different stages of breast cancer (stages I-III) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Pre-processing of these datasets was performed using the Robust Multi-array Average algorithm and global renormalization was performed for all studies. Differentially expressed genes between breast cancer patients and controls were estimated using the empirical Bayes algorithm. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery web server was used for analyzing the enrichment of the differentially expressed genes in Gene Ontology terms of the category biological process and in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Furthermore, breast cancer target genes were downloaded from the Thomson Reuters Integrity Database. We merged these target genes with the genes in breast cancer datasets. Analysis of anti-breast cancer gene networks was performed using the Genome-scale Integrated Analysis of Gene Networks in Tissues web server. The results demonstrated that the normal functions of the cell cycle, cell migration and cell adhesion were altered in all stages of breast cancer. Furthermore, 12 anti-breast cancer genes were identified to be dysregulated in at least one of the three stages. Among all of these genes, ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) exhibited the highest degree of interaction with other interacting genes. Analysis of the network interactions revealed that the transcription factor of RRM2 is crucial for cancer development. Other genes, including mucin 1, progesterone receptor and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3, also exhibited a high degree of interaction with the associated genes. In conclusion, several key anti-breast cancer genes identified in the present study are mainly associated with the regulation of the cell cycle, cell migration, cell adhesion and other cancer-associated cell functions, particularly RRM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Gong
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Dong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Lv
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Kan He
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, P.R. China
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48
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El Arfani C, De Veirman K, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Menu E. Metabolic Features of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1200. [PMID: 29662010 PMCID: PMC5979361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is known for its cellular changes contributing to tumour growth and cell proliferation. As part of these changes, metabolic rearrangements are identified in several cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), which is a condition whereby malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow (BM). These metabolic changes consist of generation, inhibition and accumulation of metabolites and metabolic shifts in MM cells. Changes in the BM micro-environment could be the reason for such adjustments. Enhancement of glycolysis and glutaminolysis is found in MM cells compared to healthy cells. Metabolites and enzymes can be upregulated or downregulated and play a crucial role in drug resistance. Therefore, this review will focus on changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism linked with the emergence of drug resistance. Moreover, metabolites do not only affect other metabolic components to benefit cancer development; they also interfere with transcription factors involved in proliferation and apoptotic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima El Arfani
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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49
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Chiu M, Taurino G, Bianchi MG, Ottaviani L, Andreoli R, Ciociola T, Lagrasta CAM, Tardito S, Bussolati O. Oligodendroglioma Cells Lack Glutamine Synthetase and Are Auxotrophic for Glutamine, but Do not Depend on Glutamine Anaplerosis for Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1099. [PMID: 29642388 PMCID: PMC5979401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In cells derived from several types of cancer, a transcriptional program drives high consumption of glutamine (Gln), which is used for anaplerosis, leading to a metabolic addiction for the amino acid. Low or absent expression of Glutamine Synthetase (GS), the only enzyme that catalyzes de novo Gln synthesis, has been considered a marker of Gln-addicted cancers. In this study, two human cell lines derived from brain tumors with oligodendroglioma features, HOG and Hs683, have been shown to be GS-negative. Viability of both lines depends from extracellular Gln with EC50 of 0.175 ± 0.056 mM (Hs683) and 0.086 ± 0.043 mM (HOG), thus suggesting that small amounts of extracellular Gln are sufficient for OD cell growth. Gln starvation does not significantly affect the cell content of anaplerotic substrates, which, consistently, are not able to rescue cell growth, but causes hindrance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and protein synthesis attenuation, which is mitigated by transient GS expression. Gln transport inhibitors cause partial depletion of intracellular Gln and cell growth inhibition, but do not lower cell viability. Therefore, GS-negative human oligodendroglioma cells are Gln-auxotrophic but do not use the amino acid for anaplerosis and, hence, are not Gln addicted, exhibiting only limited Gln requirements for survival and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chiu
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano G Bianchi
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Laura Ottaviani
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Andreoli
- Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Tecla Ciociola
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Costanza A M Lagrasta
- Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback road, Glasgow G611BD, UK.
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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50
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Scalise M, Pochini L, Galluccio M, Console L, Indiveri C. Glutamine Transport and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer Cell Growth. Front Oncol 2017; 7:306. [PMID: 29376023 PMCID: PMC5770653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that cancer is a metabolic disease is now well acknowledged: many cancer cell types rely mostly on glucose and some amino acids, especially glutamine for energy supply. These findings were corroborated by overexpression of plasma membrane nutrient transporters, such as the glucose transporters (GLUTs) and some amino acid transporters such as ASCT2, LAT1, and ATB0,+, which became promising targets for pharmacological intervention. On the basis of their sodium-dependent transport modes, ASCT2 and ATB0+ have the capacity to sustain glutamine need of cancer cells; while LAT1, which is sodium independent will have the role of providing cancer cells with some amino acids with plausible signaling roles. According to the metabolic reprogramming of many types of cancer cells, glucose is mainly catabolized by aerobic glycolysis in tumors, while the fate of Glutamine is completed at mitochondrial level where the enzyme Glutaminase converts Glutamine to Glutamate. Glutamine rewiring in cancer cells is heterogeneous. For example, Glutamate is converted to α-Ketoglutarate giving rise to a truncated form of Krebs cycle. This reprogrammed pathway leads to the production of ATP mainly at substrate level and regeneration of reducing equivalents needed for cells growth, redox balance, and metabolic energy. Few studies on hypothetical mitochondrial transporter for Glutamine are reported and indirect evidences suggested its presence. Pharmacological compounds able to inhibit Glutamine metabolism may represent novel drugs for cancer treatments. Interestingly, well acknowledged targets for drugs are the Glutamine transporters of plasma membrane and the key enzyme Glutaminase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, Bari, Italy
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