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Majumder M, Janakiraman H, Chakraborty P, Vijayakumar A, Mayhue S, Yu H, Dincman T, Martin R, O’Quinn E, Mehrotra S, Palanisamy V. RNA-binding protein HuR reprograms immune T cells and promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma. ORAL ONCOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 10:100296. [PMID: 38681116 PMCID: PMC11044901 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hu Antigen R, also known as ELAVL1 (HuR), is a key posttranscriptional regulator in eukaryotic cells. HuR overexpression promotes several malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its immune dysfunction-associated tumorigenesis pathways remain unknown. We examined HuR's effects on oral malignancies and immune cell function in vitro and in vivo using oral carcinoma cells and transgenic HuR knockout (KO) mice. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HuR deletion in mice syngeneic oral cancer cells eliminated colony formation and tumor development. HuR-KO tumors had a lower tumor volume, fewer CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, and more CD8+ T cells, suggesting that HuR may suppress the immune response during oral cancer progression. In contrast, HuR KO oral epithelial tissues are resistant to 4NQO-induced oral malignancies compared to control tumor-bearing mice. HuR KO mice showed fewer Tregs and greater IFN levels than WT tumor-bearing mice, suggesting anticancer activity. Finally, the HuR inhibitor pyrvinium pamoate lowers tumor burden by enhancing CD8+ infiltration at the expense of CD4+, suggesting anticancer benefits. Thus, HuR-dependent oral neoplasia relies on immunological dysfunction, suggesting that decreasing HuR may boost antitumor potential and offer a novel HNSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sari Mayhue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, USA
| | - Toros Dincman
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, USA
| | - Romeo Martin
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth O’Quinn
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | - Viswanathan Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Vembuli H, Gor R, Ramalingam S, Perales S, Rajasingh J. RNA binding proteins in cancer chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1308102. [PMID: 38328550 PMCID: PMC10847363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1308102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance has been a major obstacle in the quest for a cancer cure. Many chemotherapeutic treatments fail to overcome chemoresistance, resulting in tumor remission. The exact process that leads to drug resistance in many cancers has not been fully explored or understood. However, the discovery of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) has provided insight into various pathways and post-transcriptional gene modifications involved in drug tolerance. RBPs are evolutionarily conserved proteins, and their abnormal gene expression has been associated with cancer progression. Additionally, RBPs are aberrantly expressed in numerous neoplasms. RBPs have also been implicated in maintaining cancer stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and other processes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of RBP-mediated mechanisms of drug resistance and their implications in cancer malignancy. We discuss in detail the role of major RBPs and their correlation with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are associated with the inhibition of chemosensitivity. Understanding and exploring the pathways of RBP-mediated chemoresistance will contribute to the development of improved cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanathan Vembuli
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ravi Gor
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selene Perales
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Kummer S, Klang A, Strohmayer C, Walter I, Jindra C, Kneissl S, Brandt S. Feline SCCs of the Head and Neck Display Partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Harbor Stem Cell-like Cancer Cells. Pathogens 2023; 12:1288. [PMID: 38003753 PMCID: PMC10674711 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is a malignant cancer disease in humans and animals. There is ample evidence that the high plasticity of cancer cells, i.e., their ability to switch from an epithelial to a mesenchymal, endothelial, and stem cell-like phenotype, chiefly contributes to progression, metastasis, and multidrug resistance of human HNSCCs. In feline HNSCC, the field of cancer cell plasticity is still unexplored. In this study, fourteen feline HNSCCs with a known feline papillomavirus (FPV) infection status were subjected to histopathological grading and subsequent screening for expression of epithelial, mesenchymal, and stem cell markers by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence staining (IF). Irrespective of the FPV infection status, all tumors except one corresponded to high-grade, invasive lesions and concurrently expressed epithelial (keratins, E-cadherin, β-catenin) and mesenchymal (vimentin, N-cadherin, CD146) proteins. This finding is indicative for partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) events in the lesions, as similarly described for human HNSCCs. IF double staining revealed the presence of CD44/CD271 double-positive cells notably within the tumors' invasive fronts that likely correspond to cancer stem cells. Taken together, the obtained findings suggest that feline HNSCCs closely resemble their human counterparts with respect to tumor cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kummer
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (I.W.)
| | - Andrea Klang
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Carina Strohmayer
- Clinical Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (I.W.)
- Institute of Morphology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Hematology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sibylle Kneissl
- Clinical Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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Ma Q, Lu Q, Lei X, Zhao J, Sun W, Huang D, Zhu Q, Xu Q. Relationship between HuR and tumor drug resistance. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03109-5. [PMID: 36947360 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Human resistance protein R (HuR), also known as embryonic lethal abnormal visual-like protein (ELAVL1), is an RNA-binding protein widely expressed in vivo that affects the mRNA stability of targeted and is involved in post-transcriptional regulation. Recent studies have shown that HuR is aberrantly expressed in different human cancers and is an essential factor in poor clinical prognosis. The role of HuR in numerous tumors suggests that it could be a new target for tumor therapy and as a marker for efficacy and prognostic assessment. This review focuses on the relationship between HuR and drug resistance in different tumors and briefly describes the structure, function, and inhibitors of HuR. We summarize the mechanisms by which HuR causes tumor resistance and the molecular targets affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiliang Lu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | | | - Jie Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis, and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Qing Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis, and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Targeting the "undruggable": RNA-binding proteins in the spotlight in cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:69-83. [PMID: 35772609 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumors refractory to conventional therapy belong to specific subpopulations of cancer cells, which have acquired a higher number of mutations/epigenetic changes than the majority of cancer cells. This property provides them the ability to become resistant to therapy. Aberrant expression of certain RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can regulate the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by binding to specific regions present in the 3´-UTR of certain mRNAs to promote or repress mRNA translation or by interacting with other proteins (including RBPs) and non-coding RNAs that are part of ribonucleoprotein complexes. In particular, an increasing interest in the RBPs involved in chemoresistance has recently emerged. In this review, we discuss how RBPs are not only affected by chemotherapeutic treatments, but also play an active role in therapeutic responses via the direct modulation of crucial cancer-related proteins. A special focus is being placed on the development of therapeutic strategies targeting these RBPs.
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Majumder M, Chakraborty P, Mohan S, Mehrotra S, Palanisamy V. HuR as a molecular target for cancer therapeutics and immune-related disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114442. [PMID: 35817212 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The control of eukaryotic gene expression occurs at multiple levels, from transcription to messenger RNA processing, transport, localization, turnover, and translation. RNA-binding proteins control gene expression and are involved in different stages of mRNA processing, including splicing, maturation, turnover, and translation. A ubiquitously expressed RBP Human antigen R is engaged in the RNA processes mentioned above but, most importantly, controls mRNA stability and turnover. Dysregulation of HuR is linked to many diseases, including cancer and other immune-related disorders. HuR targets mRNAs containing AU-rich elements at their 3'untranslated region, which encodes proteins involved in cell growth, proliferation, tumor formation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis. HuR overexpression has been reported in many tumor types, which led to a poor prognosis for patients. Hence, HuR is considered an appealing drug target for cancer treatment. Therefore, multiple attempts have been made to identify small molecule inhibitors for blocking HuR functions. This article reviews the current prospects of drugs that target HuR in numerous cancer types, their mode of action, and off-target effects. Furthermore, we will summarize drugs that interfered with HuR-RNA interactions and established themselves as novel therapeutics. We will also highlight the significance of HuR overexpression in multiple cancers and discuss its role in immune functions. This review provides evidence of a new era of HuR-targeted small molecules that can be used for cancer therapeutics either as a monotherapy or in combination with other cancer treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoyee Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sarumathi Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Che L, Wu JS, Du ZB, He YQ, Yang L, Lin JX, Lei Z, Chen XX, Guo DB, Li WG, Lin YC, Lin ZN. Targeting Mitochondrial COX-2 Enhances Chemosensitivity via Drp1-Dependent Remodeling of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030821. [PMID: 35159089 PMCID: PMC8834292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve the anti-cancer effect for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is found in several types of cancers and correlates with a poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear how the mitochondrial translocation of COX-2 is involved in mitochondrial dynamics and sensitizes HCC cells to multipattern anti-tumor therapy. We explored the impact of targeting mitochondrial COX-2 (mito-COX-2) intervention toward mitochondrial dynamics on platinum-based chemotherapeutics in HCC cells and xenograft nude mouse models. Our study indicates that the mito-COX-2 represents a candidate predictive biomarker and potential target to regulate anti-cancer sensitization of HCC, and possibly for other types of COX-2-high-expression cancers. Abstract Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and undergo constant fission and fusion, which are both essential for the maintenance of cell physiological functions. Dysregulation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-dependent mitochondrial dynamics is associated with tumorigenesis and the chemotherapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in most cancer types and correlates with a poor prognosis. However, the roles played by the translocation of mitochondrial COX-2 (mito-COX-2) and the interaction between mito-COX-2 and Drp1 in chemotherapeutic responses remain to be elucidated in the context of HCC. Bioinformatics analysis, paired HCC patient specimens, xenograft nude mice, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, molecular docking, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, proximity ligation assay, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions, mitochondrial immunoprecipitation assay, and flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate the underlying mechanism of how mito-COX-2 and p-Drp1Ser616 interaction regulates the chemotherapeutic response via mitochondrial dynamics in vitro and in vivo. We found that COX-2 and Drp1 were frequently upregulated and confer a poor prognosis in HCC. We also found that the proportion of mito-COX-2 and p-Drp1Ser616 was increased in HCC cell lines. In vitro, we demonstrated that the enhanced mitochondrial translocation of COX-2 promotes its interaction with p-Drp1Ser616 via PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated Drp1 phosphorylation activation. This increase was associated with higher colony formation, cell proliferation, and mitochondrial fission. These findings were confirmed by knocking down COX-2 in HCC cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Furthermore, inhibition of Drp1 using pharmacologic inhibitors (Mdivi-1) or RNA interference (siDNM1L) decreased mito-COX-2/p-Drp1Ser616 interaction-mediated mitochondrial fission, and increased apoptosis in HCC cells treated with platinum drugs. Moreover, inhibiting mito-COX-2 acetylation with the natural phytochemical resveratrol resulted in reducing cell proliferation and mitochondrial fission, occurring through upregulation of mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), which, in turn, increased the chemosensitivity of HCC to platinum drugs in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that targeting interventions to PINK1-mediated mito-COX-2/p-Drp1Ser616-dependent mitochondrial dynamics increases the chemosensitivity of HCC and might help us to understand how to use the SIRT3-modulated mito-COX-2/p-Drp1Ser616 signaling axis to develop an effective clinical intervention in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Jia-Shen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Ze-Bang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Yu-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Jin-Xian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Dong-Bei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
| | - Wen-Gang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Pancreatic & Organ Transplantation Surgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.L.); (Z.-N.L.); Tel.: +86-592-2880615 (Y.-C.L.); Fax: +86-592-2881578 (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.C.); (J.-S.W.); (Z.-B.D.); (Y.-Q.H.); (L.Y.); (J.-X.L.); (Z.L.); (X.-X.C.); (D.-B.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.L.); (Z.-N.L.); Tel.: +86-592-2880615 (Y.-C.L.); Fax: +86-592-2881578 (Y.-C.L.)
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Zhang Y, Xia Q, Wu T, He Z, Li Y, Li Z, Hou X, He Y, Ruan S, Wang Z, Sun J, Feng N. A novel multi-functionalized multicellular nanodelivery system for non-small cell lung cancer photochemotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:245. [PMID: 34391438 PMCID: PMC8364713 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A red blood cell membrane (RBCm)-derived drug delivery system allows prolonged circulation of an antitumor treatment and overcomes the issue of accelerated blood clearance induced by PEGylation. However, RBCm-derived drug delivery systems are limited by low drug-loading capacities and the lack of tumor-targeting ability. Thus, new designs of RBCm-based delivery systems are needed. RESULTS Herein, we designed hyaluronic acid (HA)-hybridized RBCm (HA&RBCm)-coated lipid multichambered nanoparticles (HA&RBCm-LCNPs) to remedy the limitations of traditional RBCm drug delivery systems. The inner core co-assembled with phospholipid-regulated glycerol dioleate/water system in HA&RBCm-LCNPs met the required level of blood compatibility for intravenous administration. These newly designed nanocarriers had a honeycomb structure with abundant spaces that efficiently encapsulated paclitaxel and IR780 for photochemotherapy. The HA&RBCm coating allowed the nanocarriers to overcome the reticuloendothelial system barrier and enhanced the nanocarriers specificity to A549 cells with high levels of CD44. These properties enhanced the combinatorial antitumor effects of paclitaxel and IR780 associated with microtubule destruction and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS The multifunctional HA&RBCm-LCNPs we designed expanded the functionality of RBCm and resulted in a vehicle for safe and efficient antitumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zehui He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuefeng Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanzhi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuyao Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Teaching Experiment Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Tomita K, Nagasawa T, Kuwahara Y, Torii S, Igarashi K, Roudkenar MH, Roushandeh AM, Kurimasa A, Sato T. MiR-7-5p Is Involved in Ferroptosis Signaling and Radioresistance Thru the Generation of ROS in Radioresistant HeLa and SAS Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158300. [PMID: 34361070 PMCID: PMC8348045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer therapy, radioresistance or chemoresistance cells are major problems. We established clinically relevant radioresistant (CRR) cells that can survive over 30 days after 2 Gy/day X-ray exposures. These cells also show resistance to anticancer agents and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We have previously demonstrated that all the CRR cells examined had up-regulated miR-7-5p and after miR-7-5p knockdown, they lost radioresistance. However, the mechanism of losing radioresistance remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of miR-7-5p in radioresistance by knockdown of miR-7-5p using CRR cells. As a result, knockdown of miR-7-5p increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular Fe2+ amount. Furthermore, miR-7-5p knockdown results in the down-regulation of the iron storage gene expression such as ferritin, up-regulation of the ferroptosis marker ALOX12 gene expression, and increases of Liperfluo amount. H2O2 treatment after ALOX12 overexpression led to the enhancement of intracellular H2O2 amount and lipid peroxidation. By contrast, miR-7-5p knockdown seemed not to be involved in COX-2 and glycolysis signaling but affected the morphology of CRR cells. These results indicate that miR-7-5p control radioresistance via ROS generation that leads to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City 890-8544, Kagoshima, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.K.); (K.I.); (M.H.R.); (A.M.R.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-275-6162
| | - Taisuke Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City 890-8544, Kagoshima, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.K.); (K.I.); (M.H.R.); (A.M.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City 890-8544, Kagoshima, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.K.); (K.I.); (M.H.R.); (A.M.R.); (T.S.)
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai-City 983-8536, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Seiji Torii
- Center for Food Science and Wellness, Gunma University, Maebashi-City 371-8510, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City 890-8544, Kagoshima, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.K.); (K.I.); (M.H.R.); (A.M.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City 890-8544, Kagoshima, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.K.); (K.I.); (M.H.R.); (A.M.R.); (T.S.)
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41937-13194, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City 890-8544, Kagoshima, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.K.); (K.I.); (M.H.R.); (A.M.R.); (T.S.)
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41937-13194, Iran
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai-City 983-8536, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City 890-8544, Kagoshima, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.K.); (K.I.); (M.H.R.); (A.M.R.); (T.S.)
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Shan L, Liu W, Zhan Y. LncRNA HAND2-AS1 exerts anti-oncogenic effects on bladder cancer via restoration of RARB as a sponge of microRNA-146. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:361. [PMID: 34238300 PMCID: PMC8268400 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNA: microRNA: mRNA is implicated in tumor initiation, development, and progression. Long noncoding RNA HAND2-AS1 exhibits anti-cancer effects in diverse cancers. However, the knowledge of HAND-AS1 in bladder cancer development remains unknown. Methods LncRNA and miRNA microarray was conducted to explore different expressed RNA in primary bladder cancer specimens. RNA-RNA interaction prediction tools miRcode (http://www.mircode.org/), DIANA-lncBase v2 (https://carolina.imis.athena-innovation.gr/diana_tools/web/index.php?r=lncbasev2%2Findex-experimental), DIANA-TarBase v.8 (https://carolina.imis.athena-innovation.gr/diana_tools/web/index.php?r=tarbasev8%2Findex) and miRDB (http://www.mirdb.org/) were employed to predict the interactions between RNA. Bladder cancer cell lines were used to perform cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. Western blot and quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction were used to determine the expression of protein and RNA separately. Dual-luciferase assay was conducted to determine the activity of three prime untranslated region of retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB). Furthermore, 5637 human bladder cancer mouse models were established to investigate the interactions of lncRNA: miRNA: mRNA in vivo. Results Based on the RT2 lncRNA PCR Arrays analysis, we validated HAND2-AS1 declined in bladder cancer and negatively correlated with the depth of invasion and grades. The overexpression of HAND2-AS1 in human bladder cancer cells 5637 and RT4 hampered cell proliferation by provoking Caspase 3-triggered cell apoptosis. Besides, one of the HAND2-AS1 sponges, miR-146, elevated in bladder cancer and targeted the tumor suppressor, retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB). We further demonstrated that the HAND2-AS1: miR-146: RARB complex promoted Caspase 3-mediated apoptosis by suppressing COX-2 expression. Finally, the results gained in mouse xenografts suggested that HAND2-AS1 diminished miR-146 expression, thereby reversing the suppression of miR-146 on RARB-mediated apoptosis and contributing to bladder cancer regression. Conclusion The present study sheds light on the fact that lncRNA HAND2-AS1 exerted as a tumor suppressor by releasing RARB from miR-146, leading to tumor proliferation and invasion inhibition. The findings expanded HAND2-AS-mediated regulatory networks' knowledge and provided novel insights to improve the RARB-targeted regimens against bladder cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02063-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Emergency Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunhong Zhan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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11
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Saito S, Ozawa H, Imanishi Y, Sekimizu M, Watanabe Y, Ito F, Ikari Y, Nakahara N, Kameyama K, Ogawa K. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is associated with chemoresistance through cancer stemness property in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:533. [PMID: 34084214 PMCID: PMC8161457 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the two isoforms of COX, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. COX-2 is associated with the progression in various types of cancer, and its expression has been associated with a poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Furthermore, COX-2 expression has been associated with resistance to anticancer drugs. However, the precise mechanism of COX-2 for chemoresistance in HNSCC has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of COX-2 on cancer stem cell (CSC) property and to reveal its effect on chemoresistance using in vitro and clinicopathological assays in HNSCC cells and tissues. The current study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression levels of COX-2 and clinicopathological factors using matched samples of pretreatment biopsy and surgical specimens from patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent tumor resection with preoperative chemotherapy, including docetaxel. Additionally, the chemoresistance to docetaxel with or without a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) was examined in HNSCC cell lines by MTS assays. To evaluate the association of COX-2 expression with stemness property, the expression levels of CSC-associated genes after exposure to celecoxib were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. A sphere formation assay was also performed using ultra-low attachment dishes and microscopic imaging. The immunohistochemical analysis of biopsy specimens revealed a negative association between COX-2 expression in biopsy specimens and the pathological effect of induction chemotherapy in surgical specimens. The cell survival rate under exposure to docetaxel was decreased by the addition of celecoxib. COX-2 inhibition led to downregulation of CSC-associated gene expression and sphere formation. The present findings suggested that COX-2 expression may be associated with chemoresistance through the cancer stemness property, and inhibition of COX-2 may enhance chemo-sensitivity in HNSCC. Therefore, COX-2 may be an attractive target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Saito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yorihisa Imanishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba 286-8582, Japan
| | - Mariko Sekimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba 286-8582, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0013, Japan
| | - Nana Nakahara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama 336-8522, Japan
| | - Kaori Kameyama
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Gong Z, Huang W, Wang B, Liang N, Long S, Li W, Zhou Q. Interplay between cyclooxygenase‑2 and microRNAs in cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:347. [PMID: 33760116 PMCID: PMC7974460 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor‑associated inflammation and aberrantly expressed biomarkers have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in the cancer microenvironment. Cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2), a prominent inflammatory factor, is highly expressed in tumor cells and contributes to tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis. Overexpression of COX‑2 may occur at both transcriptional and post‑transcriptional levels. Thus, an improved understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of COX‑2 can facilitate the development of novel antitumor therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non‑coding RNAs that act as translation repressors of target mRNAs, and play vital roles in regulating cancer development and progression. The present review discusses the association between miRNAs and COX‑2 expression in different types of cancer. Understanding the regulatory role of miRNAs in COX‑2 post‑transcription can provide novel insight for suppressing COX‑2 expression via gene silencing mechanisms, which offer new perspectives and future directions for the development of novel COX‑2 selective inhibitors based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiong Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Baiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Na Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Songkai Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Wanjun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Qier Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
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13
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Filippova N, Yang X, Ananthan S, Calano J, Pathak V, Bratton L, Vekariya RH, Zhang S, Ofori E, Hayward EN, Namkoong D, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, King PH, Mobley J, Nabors LB. Targeting the HuR Oncogenic Role with a New Class of Cytoplasmic Dimerization Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2220-2233. [PMID: 33602784 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutics that exploit alterations in the activation state of key cellular signaling pathways due to mutations in upstream regulators has generated the field of personalized medicine. These first-generation efforts have focused on actionable mutations identified by deep sequencing of large numbers of tumor samples. We propose that a second-generation opportunity exists by exploiting key downstream "nodes of control" that contribute to oncogenesis and are inappropriately activated due to loss of upstream regulation and microenvironmental influences. The RNA-binding protein HuR represents such a node. Because HuR functionality in cancer cells is dependent on HuR dimerization and its nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling, we developed a new class of molecules targeting HuR protein dimerization. A structure-activity relationship algorithm enabled development of inhibitors of HuR multimer formation that were soluble, had micromolar activity, and penetrated the blood-brain barrier. These inhibitors were evaluated for activity validation and specificity in a robust cell-based assay of HuR dimerization. SRI-42127, a molecule that met these criteria, inhibited HuR multimer formation across primary patient-derived glioblastoma xenolines (PDGx), leading to arrest of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of colony formation. SRI-42127 had favorable attributes with central nervous system penetration and inhibited tumor growth in mouse models. RNA and protein analysis of SRI-42127-treated PDGx xenolines across glioblastoma molecular subtypes confirmed attenuation of targets upregulated by HuR. These results highlight how focusing on key attributes of HuR that contribute to cancer progression, namely cytoplasmic localization and multimerization, has led to the development of a novel, highly effective inhibitor. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings utilize a cell-based mechanism of action assay with a structure-activity relationship compound development pathway to discover inhibitors that target HuR dimerization, a mechanism required for cancer promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Filippova
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Subramaniam Ananthan
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer Calano
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vibha Pathak
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Larry Bratton
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rakesh H Vekariya
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sixue Zhang
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Edward Ofori
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Emily N Hayward
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David Namkoong
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, UAB Genomics Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, UAB Genomics Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Neurology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James Mobley
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center MS/Proteomics Shared Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis B Nabors
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Zhu Q, Chen J, Pan P, Lin F, Zhang X. UBE2N Regulates Paclitaxel Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer via Fos/P53 Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12751-12761. [PMID: 33363381 PMCID: PMC7751838 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s271164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemo-resistance is still considered one of the key factors in the mortality of ovarian cancer. In this work, we found that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N (UBE2N) is downregulated in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells. It suggests UBE2N to be critical in the regulation of paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods Ovarian cancer cells with stably overexpressed UBE2N were injected into nude mice to assess tumor growth and paclitaxel sensitivity in vivo. The MTT assay was applied to observe the effect of UBE2N expression on paclitaxel sensitivity. A real-time PCR array, specific for human cancer drug resistance, was used to examine the potential downstream target genes of UBE2N. The expression of UBE2N and potential downstream target genes was determined by Western blotting. The analysis of Gene Ontology and protein–protein interactions of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed using online tools. To evaluate the prognostic value of hub genes expression for ovarian cancer patients treated with paclitaxel, we applied the online survival analysis tool. Results Overexpressed UBE2N enhanced the paclitaxel sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Thirteen upregulated DEGs and 11 downregulated DEGs were identified when we knockdown UBE2N. Meanwhile, 9 hub genes with a high degree of connectivity were selected. Only Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (Fos), was overexpressed upon decreasing UBE2N levels, indicating a poor outcome for patients treated with paclitaxel. Moreover, reduced UBE2N could increase Fos expression and reduce P53. Furthermore, reversed regulation of Fos and P53 based on UBE2N reduction could reverse paclitaxel sensitivity, respectively. Conclusion Our study suggests that UBE2N could be used as a therapeutic agent for paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer through Fos/P53 pathway. Further studies are needed to elucidate the specific mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Pan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People's Republic of China
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15
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Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239246. [PMID: 33287464 PMCID: PMC7731111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a potent enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PG), including PGE2, a key mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. Importantly, COX-2 is activated in response to inflammatory stimuli, where it is also believed to promote the development and progression of head and neck cancers (HNC). COX-2 can mediate its protumorigenic effect through various mechanisms, such as inducing cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and suppressing the host’s immune response. Furthermore, COX-2 can induce the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, hence, promoting angiogenesis. Indeed, the ability of COX-2 inhibitors to selectively restrict the proliferation of tumor cells and mediating apoptosis provides promising therapeutic targets for cancer patients. Thus, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the reported differential expression patterns of COX-2 in different stages of head and neck carcinogenesis—from potentially premalignant lesions to invasive carcinomas. Furthermore, we examined the available meta-analysis evidence for COX-2 role in the carcinogenesis of HNC. Finally, further understanding of the biological processes of COX-2 and its role in orchestrating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis may give therapeutically beneficial insight to develop the management plan of HNC patients and improve their clinical outcomes.
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16
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Wu M, Tong CWS, Yan W, To KKW, Cho WCS. The RNA Binding Protein HuR: A Promising Drug Target for Anticancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:382-399. [PMID: 30381077 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181031145953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The stability of mRNA is one of the key factors governing the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and function. Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the stability, translation, and nucleus-to-cytoplasm shuttling of its target mRNAs. While HuR is normally localized within the nucleus, it has been shown that HuR binds mRNAs in the nucleus and then escorts the mRNAs to the cytoplasm where HuR protects them from degradation. It contains several RNA recognition motifs, which specifically bind to adenylate and uridylate-rich regions within the 3'-untranslated region of the target mRNA to mediate its effect. Many of the HuR target mRNAs encode proteins important for cell growth, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, tumor inflammation, invasion and metastasis. HuR overexpression is known to correlate well with high-grade malignancy and poor prognosis in many tumor types. Thus, HuR has emerged as an attractive drug target for cancer therapy. Novel small molecule HuR inhibitors have been identified by high throughput screening and new formulations for targeted delivery of HuR siRNA to tumor cells have been developed with promising anticancer activity. This review summarizes the significant role of HuR in cancer development, progression, and poor treatment response. We will discuss the potential and challenges of targeting HuR therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christy W S Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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Wang Y, Xiao X, Zhou T, Han D, Dong N. Novel mechanisms for osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valve interstitial cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 159:1742-1753.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Tołoczko-Iwaniuk N, Dziemiańczyk-Pakieła D, Nowaszewska BK, Celińska-Janowicz K, Miltyk W. Celecoxib in Cancer Therapy and Prevention - Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:302-315. [PMID: 30073924 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180803121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It is generally accepted that inflammatory cells found in the tumor microenvironment are involved in the neoplastic process, promoting cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Therefore, administering anti-inflammatory medication in cancer therapy seems to be justified. A potential pathway associated with the aforementioned issue is cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition, particularly as the overexpression of this enzyme has been proven to occur in cancer tissues and is also associated with a poor prognosis in several types of human malignancies. Celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, has been utilized for over 20 years, particularly as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic medication. However, to date, its antineoplastic properties have not been sufficiently investigated. In recent years, the number of research studies on the antineoplastic effects of celecoxib has increased considerably. The vast majority of publications refers to preclinical studies attempting to elucidate its mechanisms of action. Clinical trials concerning celecoxib have focused primarily on the treatment of cancers of the colon, breast, lung, prostate, stomach, head and neck, as well as premalignant lesions such as familial adenoma polyposis. In this review article authors attempt to summarise the latest research which has elucidated celecoxib use in the treatment and prevention of cancer. CONCLUSION Both preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated promising results of the role of celecoxib in the treatment and prevention of cancer - the best outcome was observed in colon, breast, prostate and head and neck cancers. However, more clinical trials providing real evidence-based clinical advances of celecoxib use are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tołoczko-Iwaniuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dorota Dziemiańczyk-Pakieła
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-404 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Beata Klaudia Nowaszewska
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-404 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Celińska-Janowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Meloxicam, a Selective COX-2 Inhibitor, Mediates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor- (HIF-) 1 α Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7079308. [PMID: 32273947 PMCID: PMC7128048 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7079308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is regarded as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and its progression is associated with hypoxia and the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Meloxicam, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, induces cell death in various malignancies. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated in HCC, especially under hypoxic conditions. The alteration of COX-2 and HIF-1α oncogenicity was evaluated in HCC specimens by tissue microarray. Cell viability, angiogenesis assays, and xenografted nude mice were used to evaluate the effects of meloxicam, along with flow cytometry to detect the cell cycle, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of HCC. qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, luciferase assay, and RNAi were carried out to determine the HIF-1α signaling affected by meloxicam. In this study, we showed that meloxicam exerts antiproliferative and antiangiogenesis efficacy in vitro and in vivo and causes disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), thus leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis under hypoxic environments. Exposure to meloxicam significantly reduced HIF-1α transcriptional activation and expression through sequestering it in the cytoplasm and accelerating degradation via increasing the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) in HCC. These data demonstrated that inhibition of HIF-1α by meloxicam could suppress angiogenesis and enhance apoptosis of HCC cells. This discovery highlights that COX-2 specific inhibitors may be a promising therapy in the treatment of HCC.
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COX-2 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1277:87-104. [PMID: 33119867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep, complicated process, and many studies have been completed over the last few decades to elucidate this process. Increasingly, many studies have shifted focus toward the critical role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of cellular players, cell-cell communications, and extracellular matrix (ECM). In the TME, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been found to be a key molecule mediating the microenvironment changes. COX-2 is an inducible form of the enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into the signal transduction molecules (thromboxanes and prostaglandins). COX-2 is frequently expressed in many types of cancers and has been closely linked to its occurrence, progression, and prognosis. For example, COX-2 has been shown to (1) regulate tumor cell growth, (2) promote tissue invasion and metastasis, (3) inhibit apoptosis, (4) suppress antitumor immunity, and (5) promote sustainable angiogenesis. In this chapter, we summarize recent advances of studies that have evaluated COX-2 signaling in TME.
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Govindappa PK, Patil M, Garikipati VNS, Verma SK, Saheera S, Narasimhan G, Zhu W, Kishore R, Zhang J, Krishnamurthy P. Targeting exosome-associated human antigen R attenuates fibrosis and inflammation in diabetic heart. FASEB J 2019; 34:2238-2251. [PMID: 31907992 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901995r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins like human antigen R (HuR) are key regulators in post-transcriptional control of gene expression in several pathophysiological conditions. Diabetes adversely affects monocyte/macrophage biology and function. It is not known whether diabetic milieu affects cellular/exosome-HuR and its implications on cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we evaluate in vitro and in vivo effects of diabetic milieu on macrophage cellular/exosome-HuR, alterations in intercellular cross talk with fibroblasts, and its impact on cardiac remodeling. Human failing hearts show higher HuR levels. Diabetic milieu activates HuR expression in cardiac- and cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMØ) and stimulates HuR nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation and exosome transfer. Exosomes from macrophages exposed to diabetic milieu (high glucose or db/db mice) significantly increase inflammatory and profibrogenic responses in fibroblast (in vitro) and cardiac fibrosis in mice. Intriguingly, Exo-HuR deficiency (HuR knockdown in macrophage) abrogates the above effects. In diabetic mice, macrophage depletion followed by reconstitution with BMMØ-derived HuR-deficient exosomes inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis response and preserves left ventricle function as compared to control-exosome administration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that diabetes activates BMMØ HuR expression and its transfer into exosome. The data suggest that HuR might be targeted to alleviate macrophage dysfunction and pathological fibrosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Kumar Govindappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Suresh K Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sherin Saheera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gayathri Narasimhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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22
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Li F, Chen J, Leier A, Marquez-Lago T, Liu Q, Wang Y, Revote J, Smith AI, Akutsu T, Webb GI, Kurgan L, Song J. DeepCleave: a deep learning predictor for caspase and matrix metalloprotease substrates and cleavage sites. Bioinformatics 2019; 36:1057-1065. [PMID: 31566664 PMCID: PMC8215920 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Proteases are enzymes that cleave target substrate proteins by catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between specific amino acids. While the functional proteolysis regulated by proteases plays a central role in the 'life and death' cellular processes, many of the corresponding substrates and their cleavage sites were not found yet. Availability of accurate predictors of the substrates and cleavage sites would facilitate understanding of proteases' functions and physiological roles. Deep learning is a promising approach for the development of accurate predictors of substrate cleavage events. RESULTS We propose DeepCleave, the first deep learning-based predictor of protease-specific substrates and cleavage sites. DeepCleave uses protein substrate sequence data as input and employs convolutional neural networks with transfer learning to train accurate predictive models. High predictive performance of our models stems from the use of high-quality cleavage site features extracted from the substrate sequences through the deep learning process, and the application of transfer learning, multiple kernels and attention layer in the design of the deep network. Empirical tests against several related state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that DeepCleave outperforms these methods in predicting caspase and matrix metalloprotease substrate-cleavage sites. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The DeepCleave webserver and source code are freely available at http://deepcleave.erc.monash.edu/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Leier
- Department of Genetics, USA,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tatiana Marquez-Lago
- Department of Genetics, USA,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Quanzhong Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanze Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jerico Revote
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - A Ian Smith
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tatsuya Akutsu
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Geoffrey I Webb
- Monash Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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23
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Sun Y, Yan L, Guo J, Shao J, Jia R. Downregulation of SRSF3 by antisense oligonucleotides sensitizes oral squamous cell carcinoma and breast cancer cells to paclitaxel treatment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:1133-1143. [PMID: 31515668 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used in the chemotherapy of many cancers, including breast cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, many patients respond poorly to PTX treatment. The SRSF3 oncogene and several splicing factors play important roles in OSCC tumorigenesis. This study aimed to understand the function of splicing factors in PTX treatment and improve the therapeutic effects of PTX treatment. METHODS Splicing factors regulated by PTX treatment were screened in CAL 27 cell by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The function of SRSF3 in PTX treatment was analyzed by gain-of-function or loss-of-function assay in OSCC cell lines CAL 27 and SCC-9 and breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Alternative splicing of SRSF3 exon 4 in cancer tissues or cells was analyzed by RT-PCR and online program TSVdb. SRSF3-specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) SR-3 was used to downregulate SRSF3 expression and enhance the effect of PTX treatment. RESULTS PTX treatment decreased SRSF3 expression, and SRSF3 overexpression rescued the growth inhibition caused by PTX in both OSCC and breast cancer cells. Moreover, we found that PTX treatment could repress SRSF3 exon 4 (containing an in-frame stop codon) exclusion and then decrease the SRSF3 protein expression. Increased exclusion of SRSF3 exon 4 is correlated with poor survival in OSCC and breast cancer patients. SR-3 downregulated SRSF3 protein expression and significantly increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to PTX treatment. CONCLUSIONS SRSF3 downregulation by ASO sensitizes cancer cells to PTX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Shao
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, 116 Zhuodaoquan South Load, 430079, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Zhu L, Wang Y, Li R, Liu A, Zhang X, Zuo C, Xu X. Surgical treatment of early tongue squamous cell carcinoma and patient survival. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5681-5685. [PMID: 31186792 PMCID: PMC6507335 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical options for treating early tongue squamous cell carcinoma and patient survival were explored. Clinical records of 128 patients with early tongue squamous cell carcinoma who were treated in Henan Province Hospital of TCM from June, 2010 to June, 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. According to adopted treatment plan, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 42 patients in surgical therapy alone group, 46 patients in preoperative radiotherapy group, and 40 patients in postoperative radiotherapy group. Statistical analysis was performed on the general data of patients and clinical records, as well as the 5-year survival rate and recurrence rate. The overall 5-year survival rate for all patients was 86.7% (111/128), and the 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 88.8% (111/125). In the individual groups, the 5-year survival rate and the 5-year disease-specific survival rate were 91.3% (84/92) and 91.3% (84/92), respectively, in the surgical therapy alone group 76.9% (10/13) and 83.3% (10/12), respectively, in the preoperative radiotherapy group, and 73.9% (17/23) and 81.0% (17/21), respectively, in the postoperative radiotherapy group. There were no statistically significant differences in 5-year survival rate (χ2=5.990, P=0.051) and 5-year disease-specific survival rate (χ2=2.223, P=0.329) among the three groups. In total, there were 25 cases of recurrence during follow-up. The recurrence rate was 19.5%; the local recurrence rate was 11.7% (15/128); and the regional recurrence rate was 7.8% (10/128). There were 6 cases of metastasis, and the metastatic rate was 4.7%. There were no statistically significant differences in recurrence rate and metastatic rate among the three groups. Compared with surgical therapy alone, radiotherapy combined with surgical therapy neither improved 5-year survival rate nor reduced recurrence rate. Therefore, surgical therapy alone is suggested to be the preferred option for treating early tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lansheng Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Aiqun Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chunran Zuo
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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25
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Li S, Li G, Zhang T, Li J, Zhao Q, Zhang B, Wang R, Zhou R, Si J, Gan L, Liu Y, Zhang H, Liu B. Co-SLD suppressed the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma via disrupting mitochondrial function. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1746-1757. [PMID: 31062618 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1608218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Li
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guo Li
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taofeng Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jili Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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26
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Human antigen R and drug resistance in tumors. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1107-1116. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-00723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Multiple functions of HuR in urinary tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:11-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Hashemi Goradel N, Najafi M, Salehi E, Farhood B, Mortezaee K. Cyclooxygenase-2 in cancer: A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5683-5699. [PMID: 30341914 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently expressed in many types of cancers exerting a pleiotropic and multifaceted role in genesis or promotion of carcinogenesis and cancer cell resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. COX-2 is released by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophage type 2 (M2) cells, and cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME). COX-2 induces cancer stem cell (CSC)-like activity, and promotes apoptotic resistance, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. COX-2 mediated hypoxia within the TME along with its positive interactions with YAP1 and antiapoptotic mediators are all in favor of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. COX-2 exerts most of the functions through its metabolite prostaglandin E2. In some and limited situations, COX-2 may act as an antitumor enzyme. Multiple signals are contributed to the functions of COX-2 on cancer cells or its regulation. Members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and nuclear factor-κβ are main upstream modulators for COX-2 in cancer cells. COX-2 also has interactions with a number of hormones within the body. Inhibition of COX-2 provides a high possibility to exert therapeutic outcomes in cancer. Administration of COX-2 inhibitors in a preoperative setting could reduce the risk of metastasis in cancer patients. COX-2 inhibition also sensitizes cancer cells to treatments like radio- and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic agents adversely induce COX-2 activity. Therefore, choosing an appropriate chemotherapy drugs along with adjustment of the type and does for COX-2 inhibitors based on the type of cancer would be an effective adjuvant strategy for targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Eniseh Salehi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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29
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Shang J, Zhao Z. Emerging role of HuR in inflammatory response in kidney diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:753-763. [PMID: 28910975 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a member of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) family which can bind to the A/U rich elements in 3' un-translated region of mRNA and regulate mRNA splicing, transportation, and stability. Unlike other members of the ELAV family, HuR is ubiquitously expressed. Early studies mainly focused on HuR function in malignant diseases. As researches proceed, more and more proofs demonstrate its relationship with inflammation. Since most kidney diseases involve pathological changes of inflammation, HuR is now suggested to play a pivotal role in glomerular nephropathy, tubular ischemia-reperfusion damage, renal fibrosis and even renal tumors. By regulating the mRNAs of target genes, HuR is causally linked to the onset and progression of kidney diseases. Reports on this topic are steadily increasing, however, the detailed function and mechanism of action of HuR are still not well understood. The aim of this review article is to summarize the present understanding of the role of HuR in inflammation in kidney diseases, and we anticipate that future research will ultimately elucidate the therapeutic value of this novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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