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Arzuk E, Birim D, Armağan G. Celecoxib inhibits NLRP1 inflammasome pathway in MDA-MB-231 Cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03286-2. [PMID: 38990306 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
NLRP1 is predominantly overexpressed in breast cancer tissue, and the evaluated activation of NLRP1 inflammasome is associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Therefore, targeting NLRP1 activation could be a crucial strategy in anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that NLRP1 pathway may contribute to the cytotoxic effects of celecoxib and nimesulide in MDA-MB-231 cells. First of all, IC50 values and inhibitory effects on the colony-forming ability of drugs were evaluated in cells. Then, the alterations in the expression levels of NLRP1 inflammasome components induced by drugs were investigated. Subsequently, the release of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the activity of caspase-1 in drug-treated cells were measured. According to our results, celecoxib and nimesulide selectively inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. These drugs remarkably inhibited the colony-forming ability of cells. The expression levels of NLRP1 inflammasome components decreased in celecoxib-treated cells, accompanied by decreased caspase-1 activity and IL-1β release. In contrast, nimesulide treatment led to the upregulation of the related protein expressions with unchanged caspase-1 activity and increased IL-1β secretion. Our results indicated that the NLRP1 inflammasome pathway might contribute to the antiproliferative effects of celecoxib in MDA-MB-231 cells but is not a crucial mechanism for nimesulide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ege Arzuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Derviş Birim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güliz Armağan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Meybodi SM, Ejlalidiz M, Manshadi MR, Raeisi M, Zarin M, Kalhor Z, Saberiyan M, Hamblin MR. Crosstalk between hypoxia-induced pyroptosis and immune escape in cancer: From mechanisms to therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104340. [PMID: 38570176 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis can be triggered through both canonical and non-canonical inflammasome pathways, involving the cleavage of gasdermin (GSDM) protein family members, like GSDMD and GSDME. The impact of pyroptosis on tumors is nuanced, because its role in regulating cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity may vary depending on the tumor type, stage, location, and immune status. However, pyroptosis cannot be simply categorized as promoting or inhibiting tumors based solely on whether it is acute or chronic in nature. The interplay between pyroptosis and cancer is intricate, with some evidence suggesting that chronic pyroptosis may facilitate tumor growth, while the acute induction of pyroptosis could stimulate anti-cancer immune responses. Tumor hypoxia activates hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling to modulate pyroptosis and immune checkpoint expression. Targeting this hypoxia-pyroptosis-immune escape axis could be a promising therapeutic strategy. This review highlights the complex crosstalk between hypoxia, pyroptosis, and immune evasion in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahsa Ejlalidiz
- Medical Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadsadegh Rezaeian Manshadi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raeisi
- Clinical Research Developmental Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Kalhor
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Factulty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Scidnces, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Saberiyan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa.
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Birkemeier M, Swindle A, Bowman J, Lynch VJ. Pervasive loss of regulated necrotic cell death genes in elephants, hyraxes, and sea cows ( Paenungualta). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588129. [PMID: 38617256 PMCID: PMC11014510 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Gene loss can promote phenotypic differences between species, for example, if a gene constrains phenotypic variation in a trait, its loss allows for the evolution of a greater range of variation or even new phenotypes. Here, we explore the contribution of gene loss to the evolution of large bodies and augmented cancer resistance in elephants. We used genomes from 17 Afrotherian and Xenarthran species to identify lost genes, i.e., genes that have pseudogenized or been completely lost, and Dollo parsimony to reconstruct the evolutionary history of gene loss across species. We unexpectedly discovered a burst of gene losses in the Afrotherian stem lineage and found that the loss of genes with functions in regulated necrotic cell death modes was pervasive in elephants, hyraxes, and sea cows (Paenungulata). Among the lost genes are MLKL and RIPK3, which mediate necroptosis, and sensors that activate inflammasomes to induce pyroptosis, including AIM2, MEFV, NLRC4, NLRP1, and NLRP6. These data suggest that the mechanisms that regulate necrosis and pyroptosis are either extremely derived or potentially lost in these lineages, which may contribute to the repeated evolution of large bodies and cancer resistance in Paenungulates as well as susceptibility to pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Birkemeier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 551 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Arianna Swindle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 551 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Bowman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 551 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Vincent J. Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 551 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Tang Y, Zhao F, Zhang X, Niu Y, Liu X, Bu R, Ma Y, Wu G, Li B, Yang H, Wu J. Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides induce apoptosis and pyroptosis in T-cell lymphoma. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1338-1352. [PMID: 38590417 PMCID: PMC10998756 DOI: 10.62347/gezw9659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola, known for its extensive history in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is valued for its therapeutic properties. Recent studies have identified its anticancer capabilities, yet the mechanisms underlying these properties remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we determined that a mixture of four cistanche-derived phenylethanoid glycosides (CPhGs), echinacoside, acteoside, 2-acetylacteoside, and cistanoside A, which are among the main bioactive compounds in C. deserticola, eliminated T-cell lymphoma (TCL) cells by inducing apoptosis and pyroptosis in vitro and attenuated tumor growth in vivo in a xenograft mouse model. At the molecular level, these CPhGs elevated P53 by inhibiting the SIRT2-MDM2/P300 and PI3K/AKT carcinogenic axes and activating PTEN-Bax tumor-suppressing signaling. Moreover, CPhGs activated noncanonical and alternative pathways to trigger pyroptosis. Interestingly, CPhGs did not activate canonical NLRP3-caspase-1 pyroptotic signaling pathway; instead, CPhGs suppressed the inflammasome factor NLRP3 and the maturation of IL-1β. Treatment with a caspase-1/4 inhibitor and silencing of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) or Gasdermin E (GSDME) partially rescued CPhG-induced cell death. Conversely, forced expression of NLRP3 restored cell proliferation. In summary, our results indicate that CPhGs modulate multiple signaling pathways to achieve their anticancer properties and perform dual roles in pyroptosis and NLRP3-driven proliferation. This study offers experimental support for the potential application of CPhGs in the treatment of TCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fangxin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yan Niu
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiulan Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Renqiqige Bu
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Geyemuri Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Beibei Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongxin Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Chen Q, Sun Y, Wang S, Xu J. New prospects of cancer therapy based on pyroptosis and pyroptosis inducers. Apoptosis 2024; 29:66-85. [PMID: 37943371 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a gasdermin-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) pathway. It differs from apoptosis because of the secretion of inflammatory molecules. Pyroptosis is closely associated with various malignant tumors. Recent studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis can either inhibit or promote the development of malignant tumors, depending on the cell type (immune or cancer cells) and duration and severity of the process. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, its relationship with malignancies, and focuses on current pyroptosis inducers and their significance in cancer treatment. The molecules involved in the pyroptosis signaling pathway could serve as therapeutic targets for the development of novel drugs for cancer therapy. In addition, we analyzed the potential of combining pyroptosis with conventional anticancer techniques as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jingyan Xu
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Huang H, Weng Y, Tian W, Lin X, Chen J, Luo L. Molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and its role in anti-tumor immunity. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4166-4180. [PMID: 37705746 PMCID: PMC10496503 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of cell death that is characterized by the destruction of the cell, and it has implications in both the immune system and cancer immunotherapy. The gasdermin family is responsible for the activation of pyroptosis, which involves the formation of pores in the cellular membrane that permit the discharge of inflammatory factors. The inflammasome response is a powerful mechanism that helps to eliminate bacteria and cancer cells when cellular damage occurs. As tumor cells become more resilient to apoptosis, other treatments for cancer are becoming more popular. It is essential to gain a thorough understanding of pyroptosis in order to use it in cancer treatment, considering the intricate association between pyroptosis and the immune system's defensive reaction against tumors. This review offers an overview of the mechanisms of pyroptosis, the relationship between the gasdermin family and pyroptosis, and the interplay between pyroptosis and anti-tumor immunity. In addition, the potential implications of pyroptosis in cancer immunotherapy are discussed. Additionally, we explore future research possibilities and introduce a novel approach to tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Huang
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmin Weng
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Tian
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
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Deng Z, Lu L, Li B, Shi X, Jin H, Hu W. The roles of inflammasomes in cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195572. [PMID: 37497237 PMCID: PMC10366604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key characteristic of all stages of tumor development, including tumor initiation, progression, malignant transformation, invasion, and metastasis. Inflammasomes are an important component of the inflammatory response and an indispensable part of the innate immune system. Inflammasomes regulate the nature of infiltrating immune cells by signaling the secretion of different cytokines and chemokines, thus regulating the anti-tumor immunity of the body. Inflammasome expression patterns vary across different tumor types and stages, playing different roles during tumor progression. The complex diversity of the inflammasomes is determined by both internal and external factors relating to tumor establishment and progression. Therefore, elucidating the specific effects of different inflammasomes in anti-tumor immunity is critical for promoting the discovery of inflammasome-targeting drugs. This review focuses on the structure, activation pathway, and identification methods of the NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP1 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Herein, we also explore the role of inflammasomes in different cancers and their complex regulatory mechanisms, and discuss current and future directions for targeting inflammasomes in cancer therapy. A detailed knowledge of inflammasome function and regulation may lead to novel therapies that target the activation of inflammasomes as well as the discovery of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lisen Lu
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weidong Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Geng Y, Sun YJ, Song H, Miao QJ, Wang YF, Qi JL, Xu XL, Sun JF. Construction and Identification of an NLR-Associated Prognostic Signature Revealing the Heterogeneous Immune Response in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1623-1639. [PMID: 37396711 PMCID: PMC10312339 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s410723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the deadliest dermatology tumor. Ongoing researches have confirmed that the NOD-like receptors (NLRs) family are crucial in driving carcinogenesis. However, the function of NLRs signaling pathway-related genes in SKCM remains unclear. Objective To establish and identify an NLRs-related prognostic signature and to explore its predictive power for heterogeneous immune response in SKCM patients. Methods Establishment of the predictive signature using the NLRs-related genes by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-Cox regression analysis (LASSO-COX algorithm). Through univariate and multivariate COX analyses, NLRs signature's independent predictive effectiveness was proven. CIBERSORT examined the comparative infiltration ratios of 22 distinct types of immune cells. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry implemented expression validation for critical NLRs-related prognostic genes in clinical samples. Results The prognostic signature, including 7 genes, was obtained by the LASSO-Cox algorithm. In TCGA and validation cohorts, SKCM patients with higher risk scores had remarkably poorer overall survival. The independent predictive role of this signature was confirmed by multivariate Cox analysis. Additionally, a graphic nomogram demonstrated that the risk score of the NLRs signature has high predictive accuracy. SKCM patients in the low-risk group revealed a distinct immune microenvironment characterized by the significantly activated inflammatory response, interferon-α/γ response, and complement pathways. Indeed, several anti-tumor immune cell types were significantly accumulated in the low-risk group, including M1 macrophage, CD8 T cell, and activated NK cell. It is worth noting that our NLRs prognostic signature could serve as one of the promising biomarkers for predicting response rates to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Furthermore, the results of expression validation (RT-qPCR and IHC) were consistent with the previous analysis. Conclusion A promising NLRs signature with excellent predictive efficacy for SKCM was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Geng
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Song
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ju Miao
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Lian Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fang Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, People’s Republic of China
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Gu Q, Zou J, Zhou Y, Deng Q. Mechanism of inflammasomes in cancer and targeted therapies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1133013. [PMID: 37020871 PMCID: PMC10067570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1133013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes, composed of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), are immune-functional protein multimers that are closely linked to the host defense mechanism. When NLRs sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), they assemble into inflammasomes. Inflammasomes can activate various inflammatory signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and produce a large number of proinflammatory cytokines, which are closely associated with multiple cancers. They can also accelerate the occurrence and development of cancer by providing suitable tumor microenvironments, promoting tumor cell proliferation, and inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis. Therefore, the exploitation of novel targeted drugs against various inflammasomes and proinflammatory cytokines is a new idea for the treatment of cancer. In recent years, more than 50 natural extracts and synthetic small molecule targeted drugs have been reported to be in the research stage or have been applied to the clinic. Herein, we will overview the mechanisms of inflammasomes in common cancers and discuss the therapeutic prospects of natural extracts and synthetic targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdan Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiazhen Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated 5 Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuchan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuchan Deng,
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Chen KQ, Ke BY, Cheng L, Yu XQ, Wang ZB, Wang SZ. Research and progress of inflammasomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110013. [PMID: 36931172 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the social economy, unhealthy living habits and eating styles are gradually affecting people's health in recent years. As a chronic liver disease, NAFLD is deeply affected by unhealthy living habits and eating styles and has gradually become an increasingly serious public health problem. As a protein complex in clinical research, the inflammasomes play a crucial role in the development of NAFLD, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. This paper reviews the types, composition, characteristics of inflammasomes, and molecular mechanism of the inflammasome in NAFLD. Meanwhile, the paper reviews the drugs and non-drugs that target NLRP3 inflammasome in the treatment of NAFLD in the past decades. we also analyzed and summarized the related experimental models, mechanisms, and results of NAFLD. Although current therapeutic strategies for NAFLD are not effective, we expect that we will be able to find an appropriate treatment to address this problem in the future with further research on inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qian Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bo-Yi Ke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Zhang C, Wu S, Chen B. A novel prognostic model based on pyroptosis-related genes for multiple myeloma. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:32. [PMID: 36823654 PMCID: PMC9948482 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable and relapse-prone disease with apparently prognostic heterogeneity. At present, the risk stratification of myeloma is still incomplete. Pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, has been shown to regulate tumor growth and may have potential prognostic value. However, the role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in MM remains undetermined. The aims of this study were to identify potential prognostic biomarkers and to construct a predictive model related to PRGs. METHODS Sequencing and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was performed to identify molecular subtype screening. LASSO regression was used to screen for prognostic markers, and then a risk score model was constructed. The Maxstat package was utilized to calculate the optimal cutoff value, according to which patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group, and the survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method. Nomograms and calibration curves were established using the rms package. RESULTS A total of 33 PRGs were extracted from the TCGA database underlying which 4 MM molecular subtypes were defined. Patients in cluster 1 had poorer survival than those in cluster 2 (p = 0.035). A total of 9 PRGs were screened out as prognostic markers, and the predictive ability of the 9-gene risk score for 3-year survival was best (AUC = 0.658). Patients in the high-risk group had worse survival than those in the low-risk group (p < 0.001), which was consistent with the results verified by the GSE2658 dataset. The nomogram constructed by gender, age, International Staging System (ISS) stage, and risk score had the best prognostic predictive performance with a c-index of 0.721. CONCLUSION Our model could enhance the predictive ability of ISS staging and give a reference for clinical decision-making. The new, prognostic, and pyroptosis-related markers screened out by us may facilitate the development of novel risk stratification for MM. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Hematology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210008 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sungui Wu
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210008, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. .,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Burian M, Schmidt MF, Yazdi AS. The NLRP1 inflammasome in skin diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111611. [PMID: 36911693 PMCID: PMC9996011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy human skin is constantly exposed to sterile and microbial agents. The skin immune system plays an important role in immune surveillance between tolerance and immune activation. This is mainly mediated by neutrophils, macrophages and most importantly lymphocytes. Keratinocytes, which form the outer skin barrier (epidermis) are also critical for cutaneous homeostasis. Being a non-professional immune cell, recognition of danger signals in keratinocytes is mediated by innate immune receptors (pattern recognition receptors, PRR). While Toll-like receptors are located on the cell membrane or the endosomes, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family receptors (NLR) are intracellular PRRs. Some of these, once activated, trigger the formation of inflammasomes. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes and serve as platforms that mediate the release of innate cytokines after successful recognition, thereby attracting immune cells. Moreover, they mediate the pro-inflammatory cell death pyroptosis. Best characterized is the NLRP3 inflammasome. The function of inflammasomes differs significantly between different cell types (keratinocytes versus immune cells) and between different species (human versus mouse). In recent years, great progress has been made in deciphering the activation mechanisms. Dysregulation of inflammasomes can lead to diseases with varying degrees of severity. Here we focus on the structure, function, and associated pathologies of the NLRP1 inflammasome, which is the most relevant inflammasome in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Burian
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Morna F Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Amir S Yazdi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Khan M, Ai M, Du K, Song J, Wang B, Lin J, Ren A, Chen C, Huang Z, Qiu W, Zhang J, Tian Y, Yuan Y. Pyroptosis relates to tumor microenvironment remodeling and prognosis: A pan-cancer perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1062225. [PMID: 36605187 PMCID: PMC9808401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1062225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death implicated in inflammation and disease. Moreover, inducing pyroptosis has been appreciated as anti-cancer therapy for its ability to unleash anti-cancer immune responses. Methods Utilizing the data available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), pyroptosis-related genes' (PRGs) expression, genomic aberrations, and clinical significance were systematically analyzed in pan-cancer. A GSVA score was obtained to rate pyroptosis level and divide the cancers into pyroptosis-low and pyroptosis-high groups. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the differential expression of major PRGs (GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME, NLRP3, NLRC4, IL1B) in selected tumor types (COAD, HNSC, KIRC, LIHC, LUAD, LUSC). Selection of tumors for immunohistochemistry (IHC) was based on their expression pattern in TCGA cancers, clinical relevance, tumor epidemiology, and sample availability. Results Differential expression of PRGs was evident in various cancers and associated with prognosis which was driven by genomic variations and epigenetic abnormalities, such as single nucleotide variations (SNVs), copy number variation (CNV) and DNA methylation level. For example, methylation of PRGs in lower grade glioma (LGG), uveal melanoma (UVM) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) were predictive of improved survival as upregulation of PRGs was risky in these cancers. Pyroptosis level significantly differentiated tumor from normal samples in 15 types of cancers, exhibited a progressive trend with cancer stage, observed variation among cancer subtypes, and showed a significant association with cancer prognosis. Higher pyroptosis level was associated with worst prognosis in majority of the cancers in terms of OS (KIRC, LGG, and UVM), PFS (GBM, KIRC, LGG, PRAD, THCA, and THYM) and DSS (KIRC and LGG) as estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Moreover, Pyroptosis level was strongly indicative of a hot tumor immune microenvironment with high presence of CD8+ T cell and other T cell subtypes. Several oncogenic pathways, such as P53 pathway, DNA repair, KRAS signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), IL6 JAK STAT3 signaling, IL2 STAT5 signaling, PI3K AKT MTOR signaling and angiogenesis, were enriched in pyroptosis-hi subgroups across cancers. Conclusions Genetic alterations in PRGs greatly influence the pyroptosis level and cancer prognosis. A relatively hot tumor immune microenvironment was associated with pyroptosis irrespective of the cancer prognosis. Overall, our study reveals the critical role of pyroptosis in cancer and highlights pyroptosis-based therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Ai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiyao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anbang Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenze Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yawei Yuan, ; Yunhong Tian, ; Jiangyu Zhang,
| | - Yunhong Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yawei Yuan, ; Yunhong Tian, ; Jiangyu Zhang,
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yawei Yuan, ; Yunhong Tian, ; Jiangyu Zhang,
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The expression pattern of pyroptosis-related genes predicts the prognosis and drug response of melanoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21566. [PMID: 36513682 PMCID: PMC9747972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM, hereafter referred to as melanoma) is a highly malignant tumor that typically undergoes early metastasis. Pyroptosis, as a special programmed cell death process that releases inflammatory factors and has been widely studied in tumors, but its role in melanoma has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the relationship between pyroptosis and the prognosis of melanoma through bioinformatic analysis of RNA-sequencing data. Our results demonstrated that pyroptosis is a protective factor associated with melanoma prognosis. A higher pyroptosis score was associated with a more favorable overall survival. We used weighted gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA) to establish an effective prognosis model based on 12 pyroptosis-related genes. We then validated it in two independent cohorts. Furthermore, a nomogram combining clinicopathological characteristics and a pyroptosis-related gene signature (PGS) score was designed to effectively evaluate the prognosis of melanoma. Additionally, we analyzed the potential roles of pyroptosis in the tumor immune microenvironment and drug response. Interestingly, we found that the elevated infiltration of multiple immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and M1 macrophages, may be associated with the occurrence of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis was also related to a better response of melanoma to interferon-α, paclitaxel, cisplatin and imatinib. Through Spearman correlation analysis of the 12 pyroptosis-related genes and 135 chemotherapeutic agents in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database, we identified solute carrier family 31 member 2 (SLC31A2) and collagen type 4 alpha 5 chain (COL4A5) as being associated with resistance to most of these drugs. In conclusion, this PGS is an effective and novelty prognostic indicator in melanoma, and also has an association with the melanoma immune microenvironment and melanoma treatment decision-making.
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Tran VTH, Pham DV, Choi DY, Park PH. Mitophagy Induction and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Redox Signaling Contribute to the Suppression of Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Taloxifene via Regulation of Inflammasomes Activation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1030-1050. [PMID: 35286219 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, has been reported to exert the tumor-suppressive effects in both ER-positive and ER-negative cancer cells; however, the mechanisms underlying its ER-independent anti-cancer effects are poorly understood. The NLRP3 inflammasome, a critical component of the innate immune system, has recently received growing attention owing to its multifaceted roles in various aspects of cancer development. The present study aimed at examining the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the anti-breast cancer effects of raloxifene and its underlying mechanisms. Results: Raloxifene significantly inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in various breast cancer cell lines. Importantly, forced expression of a gain-of-function variant of NLRP3 rescued breast cancer cells from growth arrest by raloxifene, suggesting that the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasomes activation mediates the raloxifene-induced inhibition of breast cancer growth. Mechanistically, raloxifene suppressed NLRP3 inflammasomes activation by lowering the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the modulation of redox signaling mediated via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis or the impaired generation of mitochondrial ROS in a mitophagy-dependent manner. Further, the blockage of AhR signaling or inhibition of mitophagy abolished the tumor-suppressive effect of raloxifene in a human breast tumor xenograft model. Innovation: We elucidate a novel molecular mechanism underlying the breast tumor suppressing effect of raloxifene. Conclusion: The results observed in this study suggest that the modulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes activation is a critical event in the inhibition of breast tumor growth by raloxifene. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1030-1050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi-Hong Tran
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc-Vinh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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NLRP1 in Cutaneous SCCs: An Example of the Complex Roles of Inflammasomes in Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012308. [PMID: 36293159 PMCID: PMC9603439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein complexes termed inflammasomes ensure tissue protection from pathogenic and sterile stressors by induction of inflammation. This is mediated by different caspase-1-induced downstream pathways, including activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines proIL-1β and -18, induction of a lytic type of cell death, and regulation of the release of other pro-inflammatory molecules. Aberrant inflammasome activation underlies the pathology of numerous (auto)inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, inflammasomes support or suppress tumor development in a complex cell-type- and stage-dependent manner. In human keratinocytes and skin, NLRP1 is the central inflammasome sensor activated by cellular perturbation induced, for example, by UVB radiation. UVB represents the main inducer of skin cancer, which is the most common type of malignancy in humans. Recent evidence demonstrates that activation of NLRP1 in human skin supports the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) by inducing skin inflammation. In contrast, the NLRP1 inflammasome pathway is restrained in established cSCCs, suggesting that, at this stage, the protein complex has a tumor suppressor role. A better understanding of the complex functions of NLRP1 in the development of cSCCs and in general of inflammasomes in cancer might pave the way for novel strategies for cancer prevention and therapy. These strategies might include stage-specific modulation of inflammasome activation or its downstream pathways by mono- or combination therapy.
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Yamauchi T, Shangraw S, Zhai Z, Ravindran Menon D, Batta N, Dellavalle RP, Fujita M. Alcohol as a Non-UV Social-Environmental Risk Factor for Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5010. [PMID: 36291794 PMCID: PMC9599745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer mortality has declined among the general population, the incidence of melanoma continues to rise. While identifying high-risk cohorts with genetic risk factors improves public health initiatives and clinical care management, recognizing modifiable risk factors such as social-environmental risk factors would also affect the methods of patient outreach and education. One major modifiable social-environmental risk factor associated with melanoma is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, not all forms of melanoma are correlated with sun exposure or occur in sun-exposed areas. Additionally, UV exposure is rarely associated with tumor progression. Another social-environmental factor, pregnancy, does not explain the sharply increased incidence of melanoma. Recent studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption is positively linked with an increased risk of cancers, including melanoma. This perspective review paper summarizes epidemiological data correlating melanoma incidence with alcohol consumption, describes the biochemical mechanisms of ethanol metabolism, and discusses how ethanol and ethanol metabolites contribute to human cancer, including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah Shangraw
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dinoop Ravindran Menon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nisha Batta
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Wan J, Liu D, Pan S, Zhou S, Liu Z. NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:998574. [PMID: 36304156 PMCID: PMC9593054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.998574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is characterized by a series of abnormal changes such as glomerulosclerosis, podocyte loss, renal tubular atrophy and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Simultaneously, the occurrence of inflammatory reaction can promote the aggravation of DN-induced kidney injury. The most important processes in the canonical inflammasome pathway are inflammasome activation and membrane pore formation mediated by gasdermin family. Converging studies shows that pyroptosis can occur in renal intrinsic cells and participate in the development of DN, and its activation mechanism involves a variety of signaling pathways. Meanwhile, the activation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can not only lead to the occurrence of inflammatory response, but also induce pyroptosis. In addition, a number of drugs targeting pyroptosis-associated proteins have been shown to have potential for treating DN. Consequently, the pathogenesis of pyroptosis and several possible activation pathways of NLRP3 inflammasome were reviewed, and the potential drugs used to treat pyroptosis in DN were summarized in this review. Although relevant studies are still not thorough and comprehensive, these findings still have certain reference value for the understanding, treatment and prognosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sijie Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijie Zhou, ; Zhangsuo Liu,
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijie Zhou, ; Zhangsuo Liu,
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Qiu P, Guo Q, Pan K, Chen J, Lin J. A pyroptosis-associated gene risk model for predicting the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:890242. [PMID: 36276158 PMCID: PMC9582146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.890242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyroptosis is a novel identified form of inflammatory cell death that is important in the development and progression of various diseases, including malignancies. However, the relationship between pyroptosis and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still unclear. Therefore, we started to investigate the potential prognostic value of pyroptosis-associated genes in TNBC. METHODS Thirty-three genes associated with pyroptosis were extracted from previous publications, 30 of which were identified in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort. On the basis of the 30 pyroptosis-related genes, patients with TNBC were divided into three subtypes through unsupervised cluster analysis. The prognostic value of each pyroptosis-associated gene was assessed, and six genes were selected by univariate and LASSO Cox regression analysis to establish a multigene signature. According to the median value of risk score, patients with TNBC in the training and validation cohorts were separated to high- and low-risk sets. The enrichment analysis was conducted on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two risk sets using R clusterProfiler package. Moreover, the ESTIMATE score and immune cell infiltration were calculated by the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT methods. After that, the correlation among pyroptosis-associated risk score and the expression of immune checkpoint-associated genes as well as anti-cancer drugs sensitivities were further analyzed. RESULTS In the training and validation cohorts, patients with TNBC in the high-risk set were found in a lower survival rate than those in the low-risk set. Combined with the clinical characteristics, the pyroptosis-related risk score was identified as an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with TNBC. The enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs between the two risk groups were mainly enriched by immune responses and activities. In addition, patients with TNBC in the low-risk set were found to have a higher value of ESTIMATE score and a higher rate of immune cell infiltration. Finally, the expression levels of five genes [programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1); cytotoxic t-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4); lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3); T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT)] associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors were identified to be higher in the low-risk sets. The sensitivities of some anti-cancer drugs commonly used in breast cancer were found closely related to the pyroptosis-associated risk model. CONCLUSION The pyproptosis-associated risk model plays a vital role in the tumor immunity of TNBC and can be applied to be a prognostic predictor of patients with TNBC. Our discovery will provide novel insight for TNBC immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianqing Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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20
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Li H, Chang X, Wang H, Peng B, Wang J, Zhang P, Zhang L. Identification of a prognostic index system and tumor immune infiltration characterization for lung adenocarcinoma based on mRNA molecular of pyroptosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:934835. [PMID: 36186792 PMCID: PMC9520088 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.934835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death, which plays an important role in tumorigenesis, progression, and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. It can affect lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. This study aimed to construct a pyroptosis-related mRNA prognostic index (PRMPI) for LUAD and clarify the tumor microenvironment infiltration characterization of LUAD. Materials and methods We performed a univariate Cox regression analysis for pyroptosis-related mRNAs in the TCGA cohort. Then, we used LASSO Cox regression to establish a PRMPI. The quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify the relative expression of pyroptosis-related mRNAs. The CPTAC cohort was used to confirm the stability and wide applicability of the PRMPI. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to assess the tumor microenvironment infiltration characterization. Results A total of 36 pyroptosis-related mRNAs were identified. The PRMPI was established based on five pyroptosis-related mRNAs. The expression patterns of these mRNAs were verified in LUAD samples from our medical center by qRT-PCR. High-PRMPI patients had worse overall survival than low-PRMPI patients. The result was validated in the CPTAC cohort. The comprehensive analysis indicated that the high-PRMPI patients exhibited lower immune activity, more aggressive immunophenotype, lower expression of immune checkpoint molecule, higher TP53 mutation rate, and higher tumor stemness than low-PRMPI patients. Low-PRMPI patients may be more sensitive to immunotherapy, while high-PRMPI patients may benefit more from chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Conclusions The PRMPI may be a promising biomarker to predict the prognosis, tumor microenvironment infiltration characterization, and the response to adjuvant therapy in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, 83 Group Military Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Linyou Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Linyou Zhang,
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Abstract
Pyroptosis, as a proinflammatory form of regulated cell death, plays an important role in multiple cancers. However, the diagnostic and prognostic values of pyroptosis and its interaction with tumor immunity in pan-cancer are still unclear. Here, we show an elevated general expression of 17 pyroptosis-associated genes of tumor patients with high-immune-activity and a reduced pyroptosis in low-immune-activity tumors. Moreover, pyroptosis is positively correlated with immune infiltration and immune-related signatures across 30 types of cancer. Furthermore, our experimental data suggest that pyroptosis directly modulate the expression of immune checkpoint molecules and cytokines. We generate a pyroptosis score model as a potential independent prognostic indicator in melanoma patients. Interestingly, 3 of pyroptosis-associated genes including CASP1, CASP4 and PYCARD, can predict the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for patients with melanoma. Our study demonstrates that pyroptosis correlates with tumor immunity and prognosis, might be used as a potential target for immune therapy. A pan-cancer analysis demonstrates that pyroptosis is involved in tumor development, prognosis and immunotherapy through the promotion of tumor immunity.
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The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in Colorectal Cancer Hepatic Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152313. [PMID: 35954156 PMCID: PMC9367504 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death in cancer patients in the USA, whereas the major cause of CRC deaths is hepatic metastases. The liver is the most common site of metastasis in patients with CRC due to hepatic portal veins receiving blood from the digestive tract. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatic metastases is of dire need for the development of potent targeted therapeutics. Immuno-signaling molecules including cytokines and chemokines play a pivotal role in hepatic metastases from CRC. This brief review discusses the involvement of three representative cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), a lipid molecule PGE2 and two chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL2) in the process of CRC liver metastases.
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Li Z, Shen L, Li Y, Shen L, Li N. Identification of pyroptosis-related gene prognostic signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2022; 11:5129-5144. [PMID: 35574984 PMCID: PMC9761089 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a life-threatening disease with poor prognosis. Pyroptosis has been recently disclosed as a programmed cell death triggered by invasive infection, involved in cancer development. However, the prognosis role of pyroptosis-related genes in HNSCC has not been discussed. METHODS The RNA sequence data of pyroptosis-related genes were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis were performed to screen the HNSCC survival-related signature genes. We established a HNSCC risk model with the identified prognostic genes, then divided the HNSCC patients into low- and high-risk subgroups according to median risk score. Moreover, we utilized Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset to validate the risk model. Go and KEGG analyses were conducted to reveal the potential function of differential expression of genes that identified between low- and high-risk subgroups. ESTIMATE algorithm was performed to investigate the immune infiltration of tumors. Correlation between signature gene expression and drug-sensitivity was disclosed by Spearman's analysis. RESULTS We constructed a HNSCC risk model with identified seven pyroptosis-related genes (CASP1, GSDME, IL6, NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP6, and NOD2) as prognostic signature genes. High-risk subgroup of HNSCC patients in TCGA cohort correlated with lower survival probability than patients from low-risk subgroup (p < .001), and the result is verified with GEO dataset. In addition, 161 genes were identified differentially expressed between the low- and high-risk subgroups in the TCGA cohort, mainly related to immune response. Higher PD-L1 expression level was found in the high-risk subgroup that indicated the possible employment of immune checkpoint inhibitors. IL6 was positively correlated with WZ3105 and MPS-1-IN-1 in the cancer therapeutics response portal database. CONCLUSION We built and verified a risk model for HNSCC prognosis using seven pyroptosis-related signature genes, which could predict the overall survival of HNSCC patients and facilitate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhan Li
- Department of OncologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChina
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChina
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of NursingXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChina
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChina
| | - Na Li
- Department of OncologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChina
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Pretre V, Papadopoulos D, Regard J, Pelletier M, Woo J. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and the inflammasome in cancer. Cytokine 2022; 153:155850. [PMID: 35279620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the significant contribution of inflammation to the development and progression of various types of cancer. Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment mediates complex interactions between innate immunity, adaptive immunity, microbiomes and stroma, and ultimately alters the overall fitness of tumor cells at multiple stages of carcinogenesis. Malignancies are known to arise in areas of chronic inflammation and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment (often called tumor-promoting inflammation) is believed to allow cancer cells to evade immunosurveillance while promoting genetic instability, survival and progression. Among the strongest data suggesting a causal role for inflammation in cancer come from the recent CANTOS trial which demonstrated that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inhibition with canakinumab leads to a significant, dose-dependent decrease in incident lung cancer. This observation has launched a series of additional clinical studies to understand the role of IL-1β and the inflammasome in cancer, and the clinical utility of IL-1β inhibition in different stages of lung cancer. In this article we will review recent data implicating IL-1β signaling and its upstream regulator NLRP3 in both solid tumor and hematologic malignancies. We will discuss the key preclinical observations and the current clinical landscape, and describe the pharmacologic tools which will be used to evaluate the effects of blocking tumor-promoting inflammation clinically.
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25
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Liu J, Hong M, Li Y, Chen D, Wu Y, Hu Y. Programmed Cell Death Tunes Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847345. [PMID: 35432318 PMCID: PMC9005769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The demise of cells in various ways enables the body to clear unwanted cells. Studies over the years revealed distinctive molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of several key cell death pathways. Currently, the most intensively investigated programmed cell death (PCD) includes apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, PANoptosis, and autophagy, which has been discovered to play crucial roles in modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and determining clinical outcomes of the cancer therapeutic approaches. PCD can play dual roles, either pro-tumor or anti-tumor, partly depending on the intracellular contents released during the process. PCD also regulates the enrichment of effector or regulatory immune cells, thus participating in fine-tuning the anti-tumor immunity in the TME. In this review, we focused primarily on apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, PANoptosis, and autophagy, discussed the released molecular messengers participating in regulating their intricate crosstalk with the immune response in the TME, and explored the immunological consequence of PCD and its implications in future cancer therapy developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minjing Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yijia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu A, Shen L, Li N, Shen L, Li Z. Pan-cancer analyses of pyroptosis with functional implications for prognosis and immunotherapy in cancer. J Transl Med 2022; 20:109. [PMID: 35246158 PMCID: PMC8896277 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed cell death is an active and orderly form of cell death regulated by intracellular genes that plays an important role in the normal occurrence and development of the immune system, and pyroptosis has been found to be involved in tumorigenesis and development. However, compressive analysis and biological regulation of pyroptosis genes are lacking in cancers. Methods Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we established a score level model to quantify the pyroptosis level in cancer. Multiomics bioinformatic analyses were performed to assess pyroptosis-related molecular features and the effect of pyroptosis on immunotherapy in cancer. Results In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of pyroptosis and its regulator genes in cancers. Most pyroptosis genes were aberrantly expressed in different types of cancer, attributed to the CAN frequency and differences in DNA methylation levels. We established a pyroptosis level model and found that pyroptosis had dual roles across cancers, while the pyroptosis levels were different among multiple cancers and were significantly associated with clinical prognosis. The dual role of pyroptosis was also shown to affect immunotherapeutic efficacy in several cancers. Multiple pyroptosis genes showed close associations with drug sensitivity across cancers and may be considered therapeutic targets in cancer. Conclusions Our comprehensive analyses provide new insight into the functions of pyroptosis in the initiation, development, progression and treatment of cancers, suggesting corresponding prognostic and therapeutic utility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03313-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aibin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanzhan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Amalinei C, Grigoraș A, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID, Giușcă SE, Balan RA. The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030365. [PMID: 35334544 PMCID: PMC8953474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has shown an increasing incidence during the last two decades, exhibiting a large spectrum of locations and clinicopathological characteristics. Although current histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods provide a deep insight into its biological behaviour and outcome, melanoma is still an unpredictable disease, with poor outcome. This review of the literature is aimed at updating the knowledge regarding melanoma’s clinicopathological and molecular hallmarks, including its heterogeneity and plasticity, involving cancer stem cells population. A special focus is given on the interplay between different cellular components and their secretion products in melanoma, considering its contribution to tumour progression, invasion, metastasis, recurrences, and resistance to classical therapy. Furthermore, the influences of the specific tumour microenvironment or “inflammasome”, its association with adipose tissue products, including the release of “extracellular vesicles”, and distinct microbiota are currently studied, considering their influences on diagnosis and prognosis. An insight into melanoma’s particular features may reveal new molecular pathways which may be exploited in order to develop innovative therapeutic approaches or tailored therapy.
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Darbeheshti F. The Immunogenetics of Melanoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:383-396. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R. The Immunogenetics of Vitiligo: An Approach Toward Revealing the Secret of Depigmentation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:61-103. [PMID: 35286692 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic skin disease and considered to be of autoimmune origin due to breaching of immunological self-tolerance, resulting in inappropriate immune responses against melanocytes. The development of vitiligo includes a strong heritable component. Different strategies ranging from linkage studies to genome-wide association studies are used to explore the genetic factors responsible for the disease. Several vitiligo loci containing the respective genes have been identified which contribute to vitiligo and genetic variants for some of the genes are still unknown. These genes include mainly the proteins that play a role in immune regulation and a few other genes important for apoptosis and regulation of melanocyte functions. Despite the available data on genetic variants and risk alleles which influence the biological processes, only few immunological pathways have been found responsible for all ranges of severity and clinical manifestations of vitiligo. However, studies have concluded that vitiligo is of autoimmune origin and manifests due to complex interactions in immune components and their inappropriate response toward melanocytes. The genes involved in the immune regulation and processing the melanocytes antigen and its presentation can serve as effective immune-therapeutics that can target specific immunological pathways involved in vitiligo. This chapter highlights those immune-regulatory genes involved in vitiligo susceptibility and loci identified to date and their implications in vitiligo pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, 394350, Gujarat, India.
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- In Vitro Specialty Lab Pvt. Ltd, 205-210, Golden Triangle, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
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Inhibition of FOSL2 aggravates the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by promoting the formation of inflammasomes. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:29-38. [PMID: 34773569 PMCID: PMC8727396 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignancy among female patients and poses a serious threat to women’s health. Although it has been established that Fos-like antigen 2 (FOSL2) is linked to ovarian cancer (OC), its exact role in the development of OC remains unknown. Objective This article aims to investigate the role of FOSL2 in ovarian cancer development. Methods FOSL2 expression in ovarian carcinoma and adjacent tissues was assessed using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot. We constructed OE/sh-FOSL2 plasmids and Caspase-1 specific inhibitors (Yvad-CMK) and transfected A 2780 cells with them to identify the relevant cell functions. Furthermore, we used western blot assay to determine the changes in expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cysteine aspartate-specific proteasezymogen procaspase 1 (pro-caspase-1), cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), interleukin-1β precursor (pro-IL-1β), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 precursor (pro-IL-18), and interleukin-18 (IL-18). In addition, we measured the concentration of IL-1β and IL-18 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, Tthe level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant was measured by LDH release assay kit. Results The expression of FOSL2 was significantly higher compared with the surrounding tissues. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of A2780 cells were enhanced after transfection with OE-FOSL2 plasmids; however, the cell apoptosis was significantly decreased. When FOSL2 was overexpressed, the inflammasome-associated proteins such as ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were downregulated. Furthermore, FOSL2 induced apoptosis and activated the production of inflammasomes in A2780 cells. Co-therapy with Yvad-CMK and substantially inhibited apoptosis and activation of inflammasomes. Conclusions Inhibition of FOSL2 promotes the apoptosis of OC cells by mediating the formation of an inflammasome.
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Schmitt M, Sinnberg T, Niessner H, Forschner A, Garbe C, Macek B, Nalpas NC. Individualized Proteogenomics Reveals the Mutational Landscape of Melanoma Patients in Response to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215411. [PMID: 34771574 PMCID: PMC8582461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, with a rapidly increasing incidence rate. Due to ineffective treatment options in the late stage melanoma, patients have an overall poor prognosis. Over the last decades, the role of the immune system in the control of tumor progression has been established and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICi) have shown remarkable clinical activity. While current trials suggest durable responses in patient under ICi therapy, there is increasing evidence pointing towards existence of innate and acquired resistance to ICi therapy; and it is now clear that personalized medicine will be critical for effective patient therapy. Proteogenomics is a powerful tool to study the mode of action of disease-associated mutations at the genome, transcriptome, proteome and PTM level. Here, we applied a proteogenomic workflow to study melanoma samples from human tumors. Such workflow may be applicable to other patient-derived samples and different cancer types. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to restore or augment antitumor immune responses and show great promise in the treatment of melanoma and other types of cancers. However, only a small percentage of patients are fully responsive to immune checkpoint inhibition, mostly due to tumor heterogeneity and primary resistance to therapy. Both of these features are largely driven by the accumulation of patient-specific mutations, pointing to the need for personalized approaches in diagnostics and immunotherapy. Proteogenomics integrates patient-specific genomic and proteomic data to study cancer development, tumor heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms. Using this approach, we characterized the mutational landscape of four clinical melanoma patients. This enabled the quantification of hundreds of sample-specific amino acid variants, among them many that were previously not reported in melanoma. Changes in abundance at the protein and phosphorylation site levels revealed patient-specific over-represented pathways, notably linked to melanoma development (MAPK1 activation) or immunotherapy (NLRP1 inflammasome). Personalized data integration resulted in the prediction of protein drug targets, such as the drugs vandetanib and bosutinib, which were experimentally validated and led to a reduction in the viability of tumor cells. Our study emphasizes the potential of proteogenomic approaches to study personalized mutational landscapes, signaling networks and therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Schmitt
- Quantitative Proteomics, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (H.N.); (A.F.); (C.G.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (H.N.); (A.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Andrea Forschner
- Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (H.N.); (A.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Claus Garbe
- Division of Dermatooncology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (H.N.); (A.F.); (C.G.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- Quantitative Proteomics, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (N.C.N.); Tel.: +49-(0)7-0712970556 (B.M.); +49-(0)7-0712970552 (N.C.N.)
| | - Nicolas C. Nalpas
- Quantitative Proteomics, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (N.C.N.); Tel.: +49-(0)7-0712970556 (B.M.); +49-(0)7-0712970552 (N.C.N.)
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Chhabra G, Singh CK, Guzmán-Pérez G, Ndiaye MA, Iczkowski KA, Ahmad N. Anti-melanoma effects of concomitant inhibition of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in Braf V600E/Pten NULL mice. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1145-1157.e7. [PMID: 34597611 PMCID: PMC9199498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies are required for the effective and lasting treatment of metastatic melanoma, one of the deadliest skin malignancies. In this study, we determined the anti-melanoma efficacy of 4'-bromo-resveratrol (4'-BR), which is a small molecule dual inhibitor of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in a BrafV600E/PtenNULL mouse model that recapitulates human disease, including metastases. Tumors were induced by topical application of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen on shaved backs of 10-week-old mice, and the effects of 4'-BR (5-30 mg/kg b.wt.; intraperitoneally; 3d/week for 5 weeks) were assessed on melanoma development and progression. We found that 4'-BR at a dose of 30 mg/kg significantly reduced size and volume of primary melanoma tumors, as well as lung metastasis, with no adverse effects. Further, mechanistic studies on tumors showed significant modulation in markers of proliferation, survival and melanoma progression. As SIRT1 and SIRT3 are linked to immunomodulation, we performed differential gene expression analysis via NanoString PanCancer Immune Profiling panel (770 genes). Our data demonstrated that 4'-BR significantly downregulated genes related to metastasis-promotion, chemokine/cytokine-regulation, and innate/adaptive immune functions. Overall, inhibition of SIRT1 and SIRT3 by 4'-BR is a promising anti-melanoma therapy with anti-metastatic and immunomodulatory activities warranting further detailed studies, including clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Mary A Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kenneth A Iczkowski
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Loveless R, Bloomquist R, Teng Y. Pyroptosis at the forefront of anticancer immunity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:264. [PMID: 34429144 PMCID: PMC8383365 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance to apoptosis and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment are two major contributors to poor therapeutic responses during cancer intervention. Pyroptosis, a lytic and inflammatory programmed cell death pathway distinct from apoptosis, has subsequently sparked notable interest among cancer researchers for its potential to be clinically harnessed and to address these problems. Recent evidence indicates that pyroptosis induction in tumor cells leads to a robust inflammatory response and marked tumor regression. Underlying its antitumor effect, pyroptosis is mediated by pore-forming gasdermin proteins that facilitate immune cell activation and infiltration through their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunogenic material following cell rupture. Considering its inflammatory nature, however, aberrant pyroptosis may also be implicated in the formation of a tumor supportive microenvironment, as evidenced by the upregulation of gasdermin proteins in certain cancers. In this review, the molecular pathways leading to pyroptosis are introduced, followed by an overview of the seemingly entangled links between pyroptosis and cancer. We describe what is known regarding the impact of pyroptosis on anticancer immunity and give insight into the potential of harnessing pyroptosis as a tool and applying it to novel or existing anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid Loveless
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ryan Bloomquist
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Lu X, Guo T, Zhang X. Pyroptosis in Cancer: Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143620. [PMID: 34298833 PMCID: PMC8304688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pyroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death that differs from apoptosis in terms of its release of inflammatory factors and its characteristic bubble-like morphology. Pyroptosis was first discovered in the process of immune defense against bacterial infection, but the field of research soon spread to other inflammatory diseases and cancer. As cancer constitutes a serious risk for public health, numerous studies investigating pyroptosis in cancer have been carried out during these years. Tumorigenesis and new therapeutic treatments have been the focus of much recent research. This review discusses the role of pyroptosis in tumorigenesis and its influence on tumor immunity. Abstract Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is mediated by pore-forming proteins such as the gasdermin family (GSDMs), including GSDMA-E. Upon cleavage by activated caspases or granzyme proteases, the N-terminal of GSDMs oligomerizes in membranes to form pores, resulting in pyroptosis. Though all the gasdermin proteins have been studied in cancer, the role of pyroptosis in cancer remains mysterious, with conflicting findings. Numerous studies have shown that various stimuli, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and chemotherapeutic drugs, could trigger pyroptosis when the cells express GSDMs. However, it is not clear whether pyroptosis in cancer induced by chemotherapeutic drugs or CAR T cell therapy is beneficial or harmful for anti-tumor immunity. This review discusses the discovery of pyroptosis as well as its role in inflammatory diseases and cancer, with an emphasis on tumor immunity.
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Smith AO, Ju W, Adzraku SY, Wenyi L, Yuting C, Qiao J, Xu K, Zeng L. Gamma Radiation Induce Inflammasome Signaling and Pyroptosis in Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3277-3288. [PMID: 34290514 PMCID: PMC8289370 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s318812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The extend to the clinical benefit of radiation therapy is the inability to eliminate only cancer cells and destroy normal cells such as microvascular endothelial in the vascular niche and turn induced-inflammasome signaling and cell death. These unfortunate injuries generated by ionizing radiation alter the therapeutic window and result in the re-occurrence of the malignancy. Therefore, we engaged in vitro studies by demonstrating radiation-induced inflammasome and cell death in endothelial cells. Methods The microvascular endothelial cells were cultured in a sterile dish, then kept in a humidifier of 5% at 37°C for 12 hours/more to attain confluence, and exposed at a dose of 1.8Gy/min achieve the coveted amounts except for the control. The cells were harvested 24 hours post-irradiation. Results Our findings indicate that gamma radiation activates the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family of NLRP1 and NLRP3 complex in microvascular endothelial cells. These complexes activate the inactive precursor of caspase-1, which cleaved to bioactive caspase −1 and enhances the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 that induce the dependent pyroptotic, which results in the production of chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-mobility group protein-1 (HMGB-1). We also discovered the radiation could directly prompt caspase −1, which auto-cleaved to activate gasdermin D to potentiate pyroptosis independently. Discussion Overall, these findings suggested that reducing the unfavorable effect of radiation injuries could be challenging since gamma radiation induces the microvascular endothelial cells to cell death and activates the inflammasome signaling via different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhaji Osman Smith
- Department of Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Key Laboratory of the Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ju
- Department of Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Key Laboratory of the Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Seyram Yao Adzraku
- Department of Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Key Laboratory of the Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wenyi
- Department of Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Key Laboratory of the Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yuting
- Department of Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Key Laboratory of the Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Qiao
- Department of Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Key Laboratory of the Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Department of Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Key Laboratory of the Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Department of Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Key Laboratory of the Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, 221002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Tan C, Liu W, Zheng ZH, Wan XG. LncRNA HOTTIP inhibits cell pyroptosis by targeting miR-148a-3p/AKT2 axis in ovarian cancer. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1487-1497. [PMID: 33710684 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP is a crucial regulator in multiple types of cancer, including ovarian cancer (OC). However, the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of HOTTIP in OC have rarely been studied. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the functional correlation between HOTTIP and pyroptosis in OC progression. The expression of HOTTIP in OC tissues and cell lines was characterized by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and clone formation assays. Western blot was performed to quantify protein levels. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the molecular interaction among HOTTIP, miR-148a-3p, and AKT2. The expression of HOTTIP was significantly upregulated in OC tissue samples and cell lines. The silencing of HOTTIP led to the inhibition of cell proliferation and NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. In addition, HOTTIP increased AKT2 expression by negatively regulating miR-148a-3p and then inhibited ASK1/JNK signaling. Further rescue experiments revealed that downregulation of miR-148a-3p and overexpression of AKT2 obviously diminished the effects of HOTTIP downregulation in OC cells. Thus, our study elucidated a novel pyroptosis-related mechanism by which HOTTIP participated in OC progression, which might provide a theoretical reference for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Tan
- Department of Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Gang Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
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37
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Jimenez-Duran G, Triantafilou M. Metabolic regulators of enigmatic inflammasomes in autoimmune diseases and crosstalk with innate immune receptors. Immunology 2021; 163:348-362. [PMID: 33682108 PMCID: PMC8274167 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat receptor (NLR)‐mediated inflammasome activation is important in host response to microbes, danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and metabolic disease. Some NLRs have been shown to interact with distinct cell metabolic pathways and cause negative regulation, tumorigenesis and autoimmune disorders, interacting with multiple innate immune receptors to modulate disease. NLR activation is therefore crucial in host response and in the regulation of metabolic pathways that can trigger a wide range of immunometabolic diseases or syndromes. However, the exact mode by which some of the less well‐studied NLR inflammasomes are activated, interact with other metabolites and immune receptors, and the role they play in the progression of metabolic diseases is still not fully elucidated. In this study, we review up‐to‐date evidence regarding NLR function in metabolic pathways and the interplay with other immune receptors involved in GPCR signalling, gut microbiota and the complement system, in order to gain a better understanding of its link to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Jimenez-Duran
- Immunology Network, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Martha Triantafilou
- Immunology Network, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Moon SW, Son HJ, Mo HY, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Somatic Mutation of NLRP Genes in Gastric and Colonic Cancers. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:607385. [PMID: 34257569 PMCID: PMC8262223 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.607385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat protein (NLRP) genes are involved in inflammasome formation that plays a role in inflammation/host defense and cell death. Both cell death and inflammation are crucial for cancer development, but the roles of NLRPs in cancer are partially known. In this study, we analyzed mononucleotide repeats in coding sequences of NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP4 and NLRP9, and found 1, 1, 1 and 8 frameshift mutation (s) in gastric (GC) and colonic cancers (CRC), respectively. Five of the 32 high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) GCs (15.5%) and 6 of 113 MSI-H CRCs (5.5%) exhibited the frameshift mutations. There was no NLRP frameshift mutations in microsatellite stable (MSS) GCs and CRCs. We also discovered that 2 of 16 CRCs (12.5%) harbored intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of the NLRP9 frameshift mutations in one or more areas. In both GC and CRC with MSI-H, NLRP9 expression in NLRP9-mutated cases was significantly lower than that in NLRP9-non-mutated cases. Our data indicate that NLRP9 is altered at multiple levels (frameshift mutation, mutational ITH and loss of expression), which together could contribute to pathogenesis of MSI-H GC and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Won Moon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Son
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha Yoon Mo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Looi CK, Hii LW, Chung FFL, Mai CW, Lim WM, Leong CO. Roles of Inflammasomes in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1786. [PMID: 33918087 PMCID: PMC8069343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is recognised as one of the causative agents in most nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases. Expression of EBV viral antigens can induce host's antiviral immune response by activating the inflammasomes to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. These cytokines are known to be detrimental to a wide range of virus-infected cells, in which they can activate an inflammatory cell death program, called pyroptosis. However, aberrant inflammasome activation and production of its downstream cytokines lead to chronic inflammation that may contribute to various diseases, including NPC. In this review, we summarise the roles of inflammasomes during viral infection, how EBV evades inflammasome-mediated immune response, and progress into tumourigenesis. The contrasting roles of inflammasomes in cancer, as well as the current therapeutic approaches used in targeting inflammasomes, are also discussed in this review. While the inflammasomes appear to have dual roles in carcinogenesis, there are still many questions that remain unanswered. In particular, the exact molecular mechanism responsible for the regulation of the inflammasomes during carcinogenesis of EBV-associated NPC has not been explored thoroughly. Furthermore, the current practical application of inflammasome inhibitors is limited to specific tumour types, hence, further studies are warranted to discover the potential of targeting the inflammasomes for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin King Looi
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.K.L.); (L.-W.H.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.K.L.); (L.-W.H.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA), Epigenetics Group (EGE), International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organisation, CEDEX 08 Lyon, France;
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Liu Y, Wu H, Jing J, Li H, Dong S, Meng Q. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0001836 Induces Pyroptosis Cell Death in Glioma Cells via Epigenetically Upregulating NLRP1. Front Oncol 2021; 11:622727. [PMID: 33869006 PMCID: PMC8044449 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.622727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in the progression of glioma. Recently, hsa_circ_0001836 was found to be upregulated in glioma tissues, but the role of hsa_circ_0001836 in glioma remains unclear. Methods EdU staining and flow cytometry assays were used to measure the viability and death of glioma cells. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of cells undergoing cell death. Results Hsa_circ_0001836 expression was upregulated in U251MG and SHG-44 cells. In addition, hsa_circ_0001836 knockdown significantly reduced the viability and proliferation of U251MG and SHG-44 cells. Moreover, hsa_circ_0001836 knockdown markedly induced the pyroptosis of U251MG and SHG-44 cells, evidenced by the increased expressions of NLRP1, cleaved caspase 1 and GSDMD-N. Meanwhile, methylation specific PCR (MSP) results indicated that hsa_circ_0001836 knockdown epigenetically increased NLRP1 expression via mediating DNA demethylation of NLRP1 promoter region. Furthermore, downregulation of hsa_circ_0001836 notably induced pyroptosis and inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of glioma. Conclusion Collectively, hsa_circ_0001836 knockdown could induce pyroptosis cell death in glioma cells in vitro and in vivo via epigenetically upregulating NLRP1 expression. These findings suggested that hsa_circ_0001836 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangpeng Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanfa Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Yu P, Zhang X, Liu N, Tang L, Peng C, Chen X. Pyroptosis: mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:128. [PMID: 33776057 PMCID: PMC8005494 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 287.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease. The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family. A great deal of evidence shows that pyroptosis can affect the development of tumors. The relationship between pyroptosis and tumors is diverse in different tissues and genetic backgrounds. In this review, we provide basic knowledge of pyroptosis, explain the relationship between pyroptosis and tumors, and focus on the significance of pyroptosis in tumor treatment. In addition, we further summarize the possibility of pyroptosis as a potential tumor treatment strategy and describe the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy caused by pyroptosis. In brief, pyroptosis is a double-edged sword for tumors. The rational use of this dual effect will help us further explore the formation and development of tumors, and provide ideas for patients to develop new drugs based on pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Yu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xu Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Nian Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ling Tang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Cong Peng
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiang Chen
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
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Hummel C, Leylamian O, Pösch A, Weis J, Aronica E, Beyer C, Johann S. Expression and Cell Type-specific Localization of Inflammasome Sensors in the Spinal Cord of SOD1 (G93A) Mice and Sporadic Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Patients. Neuroscience 2021; 463:288-302. [PMID: 33781799 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are key components of the innate immune system and activation of these multiprotein platforms is a crucial event in the etiopathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Inflammasomes consist of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase 1. Exogenous or endogenous "danger signals" can trigger inflammasome assembly and promote maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β. Previous studies have demonstrated presence and activation of NLRP3 in spinal cord tissue from SOD1(G93A) mice and human sporadic ALS (sALS) patients. However, regulation and cell type-specific localization of other well-known PRRs has not yet been analysed in ALS. Here, we explored gene expression, protein concentration and cell type-specific localization of the NLRP1, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes in spinal cord samples from SOD1(G93A) mice and sALS patients. Transcription levels of NLRP1 and NLRC4, but not AIM2, were elevated in symptomatic SOD1(G93A) animals. Immunoblotting revealed elevated protein levels of NLRC4, which were significantly increased in sALS vs. control patients. Immunofluorescence studies revealed neuronal labelling of all investigated PRRs. Staining of AIM2 was detected in all types of glia, whereas glial type-specific labelling was observed for NLRP1 and NLRC4. Our findings revealed pathology-related and cell type-specific differences in the expression of subsets of PRRs. Besides NLRP3, NLRC4 appears to be linked more closely to ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hummel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen, Germany
| | - Omid Leylamian
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Pösch
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Johann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen, Germany; Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany.
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Jang JH, Kim DH, Surh YJ. Dynamic roles of inflammasomes in inflammatory tumor microenvironment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:18. [PMID: 33686176 PMCID: PMC7940484 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory tumor microenvironment has been known to be closely connected to all stages of cancer development, including initiation, promotion, and progression. Systemic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment is increasingly being recognized as an important prognostic marker in cancer patients. Inflammasomes are master regulators in the first line of host defense for the initiation of innate immune responses. Inflammasomes sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, following recruitment of immune cells into infection sites. Therefore, dysregulated expression/activation of inflammasomes is implicated in pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated that inflammasomes play a vital role in regulating the development and progression of cancer. This review focuses on fate-determining roles of the inflammasomes and the principal downstream effector cytokine, IL-1β, in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Jang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- grid.411203.50000 0001 0691 2332Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Shen E, Han Y, Cai C, Liu P, Chen Y, Gao L, Huang Q, Shen H, Zeng S, He M. Low expression of NLRP1 is associated with a poor prognosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7570-7588. [PMID: 33658393 PMCID: PMC7993699 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NLRP1 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1), the first NLR protein, described to form an inflammasome, plays critical roles in innate immunity and inflammation. However, NLRP1 has not been reported to be linked to LUAD (lung adenocarcinoma) risk, prognosis, immunotherapy or any other treatments. This research aimed to explore the prognostic value and mechanism of NLRP1 in LUAD. We performed bioinformatics analysis on LUAD data downloaded from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), and jointly analyzed with online databases such as TCGAportal, LinkedOmics, TIMER, ESTIMATE and TISIDB. NLRP1 expression of LUAD tissue was considerably lower than that in normal lung tissue. Decreased NLRP1 expression of LUAD was associated with relatively high pathological, T and N stages. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that patients with low NLRP1 expression had a worse prognosis than those with high expression. Multivariate Cox analysis further showed that NLRP1 expression level was an independent prognostic factor of LUAD. Moreover, the level of NLRP1 expression was positively linked to the degree of infiltration of various TIICs (tumor-infiltrating immune cells). Our findings confirmed that reduced expression of NLRP1 was significantly related to poor prognosis and low degree of immune cell infiltration in LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Life Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Changjing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Le Gao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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Dey Sarkar R, Sinha S, Biswas N. Manipulation of Inflammasome: A Promising Approach Towards Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 40:171-182. [PMID: 33508984 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1876044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has emerged as a key player at different stages of cancer development. A prominent signaling pathway for acute and chronic inflammation is the activation of the caspase-1 inflammasomes. These are complexes that assemble on activation of certain nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing proteins (NLRs), AIM2-like receptors (ALRs), or pyrin due to activation via PAMPs or DAMPs. Of these, five complexes-NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, Pyrin, and AIM2 are of importance in the context of cancer for their activities in modulating immune responses, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Inflammasomes have emerged as clinically relevant in multiple forms of cancer making them highly promising targets for cancer therapy. As lungs are a tissue niche that is prone to inflammation owing to its exposure to external substances, inflammasomes play a vital role in the development and pathogenesis of lung cancer. Therefore, manipulation of inflammasome by various immunomodulatory means could prove a full-proof strategy for the treatment of lung cancer. Here, in this review, we tried to explore the various strategies to target the inflammasomes for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Dey Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Samraj Sinha
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Nabendu Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Zhai Z, Vaddi PK, Samson JM, Takegami T, Fujita M. NLRP1 Functions Downstream of the MAPK/ERK Signaling via ATF4 and Contributes to Acquired Targeted Therapy Resistance in Human Metastatic Melanoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010023. [PMID: 33396632 PMCID: PMC7823742 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The BRAF V600E mutation leads to constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and its downstream effector responses. Uncovering the hidden downstream effectors can aid in understanding melanoma biology and improve targeted therapy efficacy. The inflammasome sensor, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 1 (NLRP1), is responsible for IL-1β maturation and itself is a melanoma tumor promoter. Here, we report that NLRP1 is a downstream effector of MAPK/ERK signaling through the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), creating regulation in metastatic melanoma cells. We confirmed that the NLRP1 gene is a target of ATF4. Interestingly, ATF4/NLRP1 regulation by the MAPK/ERK pathway uses distinct mechanisms in melanoma cells before and after the acquired resistance to targeted therapy. In parental cells, ATF4/NLRP1 is regulated by the MAPK/ERK pathway through the ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2). However, vemurafenib (VEM) and trametinib (TRA)-resistant cells lose the signaling via RSK2 and activate the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway to redirect ATF4/NLRP1. Therefore, NLRP1 expression and IL-1β secretion were downregulated in response to VEM and TRA in parental cells but enhanced in drug-resistant cells. Lastly, silencing NLRP1 in drug-resistant cells reduced their cell growth and inhibited colony formation. In summary, we demonstrated that NLRP1 functions downstream of the MAPK/ERK signaling via ATF4 and is a player of targeted therapy resistance in melanoma. Targeting NLRP1 may improve the therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapy in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (P.K.V.); (J.M.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Prasanna K. Vaddi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (P.K.V.); (J.M.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Jenny Mae Samson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (P.K.V.); (J.M.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Tomoya Takegami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (P.K.V.); (J.M.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (P.K.V.); (J.M.S.); (T.T.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-4045; Fax: +1-303-724-4048
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Mishra SR, Mahapatra KK, Behera BP, Bhol CS, Praharaj PP, Panigrahi DP, Patra S, Singh A, Patil S, Dhiman R, Patra SK, Bhutia SK. Inflammasomes in cancer: Effect of epigenetic and autophagic modulations. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:399-412. [PMID: 33039557 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-promoting inflammation is a critical hallmark in cancer development, and inflammasomes are well-known regulators of inflammatory processes within the tumour microenvironment. Different inflammasome components along with the adaptor, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), and the effector, caspase-1, have a significant influence on tumorigenesis but in a tissue-specific and stage-dependent manner. The downstream products of inflammasome activation, that is the proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, regulate tissue homeostasis and induce antitumour immune responses, but in contrast, they can also favour cancer growth and proliferation by directing various oncogenic signalling pathways in cancer cells. Moreover, different epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNAs, control inflammasomes and their components by regulating gene expression during cancer progression. Furthermore, autophagy, a master controller of cellular homeostasis, targets inflammasome-induced carcinogenesis by maintaining cellular homeostasis and removing potential cancer risk factors that promote inflammasome activation in support of tumorigenesis. Here, in this review, we summarize the effect of inflammasome activation in cancers and discuss the role of epigenetic and autophagic regulatory mechanisms in controlling inflammasomes. A proper understanding of the interactions among these key processes will be useful for developing novel therapeutic regimens for targeting inflammasomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ranjan Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Amruta Singh
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Balahura LR, Selaru A, Dinescu S, Costache M. Inflammation and Inflammasomes: Pros and Cons in Tumorigenesis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2549763. [PMID: 33015196 PMCID: PMC7520695 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2549763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, it has been well established that tumorigenesis is affected by chronic inflammation. During this event, proinflammatory cytokines are produced by numerous types of cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, and tumor cells, and are able to promote the initiation, progression, and metastasis of different types of cancer. When persistent inflammation occurs, activation of inflammasome complexes is initiated, leading to its assembly and further activation of caspase, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and pyroptosis induction. The function of this multiprotein complex is not only to reassure inflammation and to promote cell death, through caspase activity, but also has been identified to have significant contributions during tumorigenesis and cancer development. So far, many efforts have been made in order to extend the knowledge of inflammasome implications and how its components could be targeted as therapeutic agents. Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs), evolutionary conserved noncoding molecules, have emerged as pivotal players during numerous biological events by regulating gene and protein expression. Therefore, dysregulations of miRNA expressions have been correlated with inflammation during tumor development. In this review, we aim to highlight the dual role of inflammasomes and proinflammatory cytokines during carcinogenesis paired with the distinguished effects of miRNAs upon inflammation cascades during tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana R Balahura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research and Development in Biomedical Pathology and Biomedical Sciences "Victor Babes", Bucharest 050096, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Aida Selaru
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research and Development in Biomedical Pathology and Biomedical Sciences "Victor Babes", Bucharest 050096, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050663, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050663, Romania
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49
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Zhai Z, Samson JM, Yamauchi T, Vaddi PK, Matsumoto Y, Dinarello CA, Ravindran Menon D, Fujita M. Inflammasome Sensor NLRP1 Confers Acquired Drug Resistance to Temozolomide in Human Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2518. [PMID: 32899791 PMCID: PMC7563249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells gain drug resistance through a complex mechanism, in which nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are critical contributors. Because NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein (NLRP) inflammasomes mediate IL-1β maturation and NF-κB activation, we investigated the role of inflammasome sensor NLRP1 in acquired drug resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) in melanoma. The sensitivity of melanoma cells to TMZ was negatively correlated with the expression levels of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), the enzyme to repair TMZ-induced DNA lesions. When MGMT-low human melanoma cells (1205Lu and HS294T) were treated with TMZ for over two months, MGMT was upregulated, and cells became resistant. However, the resistance mechanism was independent of MGMT, and the cells that acquired TMZ resistance showed increased NLRP1 expression, NLRP inflammasome activation, IL-1β secretion, and NF-κB activity, which contributed to the acquired resistance to TMZ. Finally, blocking IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling with IL-1R antagonist decreased TMZ-resistant 1205Lu tumor growth in vivo. Although inflammation has been associated with drug resistance in various cancers, our paper is the first to demonstrate the involvement of NLRP in the development of acquired drug resistance. Because drug-tolerant cancer cells become cross-tolerant to other classes of cancer drugs, NLRP1 might be a suitable therapeutic target in drug-resistant melanoma, as well as in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Jenny Mae Samson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Prasanna K. Vaddi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Yuko Matsumoto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Dinoop Ravindran Menon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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50
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Longhitano L, Li Volti G, Giallongo C, Spampinato M, Barbagallo I, Di Rosa M, Romano A, Avola R, Tibullo D, Palumbo GA. The Role of Inflammation and Inflammasome in Myeloproliferative Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2334. [PMID: 32707883 PMCID: PMC7464195 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are rare hematological conditions known as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). They are characterized for being BCR-ABL negative malignancies and affected patients often present with symptoms which can significantly impact their quality of life. MPNs are characterized by a clonal proliferation of an abnormal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell. In MPNs; cells of all myeloid lineages; including those involved in the immune and inflammatory response; may belong to the malignant clone thus leading to an altered immune response and an overexpression of cytokines and inflammatory receptors; further worsening chronic inflammation. Many of these cytokines; in particular, IL-1β and IL-18; are released in active form by activating the inflammasome complexes which in turn mediate the inflammatory process. Despite this; little is known about the functional effects of stem cell-driven inflammasome signaling in MPN pathogenesis. In this review we focused on the role of inflammatory pathway and inflammasome in MPN diseases. A better understanding of the inflammatory-state-driving MPNs and of the role of the inflammasome may provide new insights on possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Longhitano
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.L.V.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.L.V.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Mariarita Spampinato
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.L.V.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, A.O.U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Roberto Avola
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.L.V.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.L.V.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- Department of Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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