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Yang X, Liu J, Wang S, Al-Ameer WHA, Ji J, Cao J, Dhaen HMS, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Zheng C. Genome wide-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens identify a fitness score for optimized risk stratification in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:554. [PMID: 38858785 PMCID: PMC11163718 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular complexity of colorectal cancer poses a significant challenge to the clinical implementation of accurate risk stratification. There is still an urgent need to find better biomarkers to enhance established risk stratification and guide risk-adapted treatment decisions. METHODS we systematically analyzed cancer dependencies of 17 colorectal cancer cells and 513 other cancer cells based on genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens to identify colorectal cancer-specific fitness genes. A regression model was built using colorectal cancer-specific fitness genes, which was validated in other three independent cohorts. 30 published gene expression signatures were also retrieved. FINDINGS We defined a total of 1828 genes that were colorectal cancer-specific fitness genes and identified a 22 colorectal cancer-specific fitness gene (CFG22) score. A high CFG22 score represented unfavorable recurrence and mortality rates, which was validated in three independent cohorts. Combined with age, and TNM stage, the CFG22 model can provide guidance for the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Analysis of genomic abnormalities and infiltrating immune cells in the CFG22 risk stratification revealed molecular pathological difference between the subgroups. Besides, drug analysis found that CFG22 high patients were more sensitive to clofibrate. INTERPRETATION The CFG22 model provided a powerful auxiliary prediction tool for identifying colorectal cancer patients with high recurrence risk and poor prognosis, optimizing precise treatment and improving clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchou Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of coloproctology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuaibin Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wail Hussein Ahmed Al-Ameer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingting Ji
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Cao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hassan Mansour S Dhaen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Chenguo Zheng
- Department of coloproctology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Sun J, Yu L, Qu X, Huang T. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anticancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184794. [PMID: 37251321 PMCID: PMC10213337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been extensively studied for over 3 decades and consist of three isotypes, including PPARα, γ, and β/δ, that were originally considered key metabolic regulators controlling energy homeostasis in the body. Cancer has become a leading cause of human mortality worldwide, and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cancer is increasingly being investigated, especially the deep molecular mechanisms and effective cancer therapies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are an important class of lipid sensors and are involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways and cell fate. They can regulate cancer progression in different tissues by activating endogenous or synthetic compounds. This review emphasizes the significance and knowledge of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anti-cancer treatment by summarizing recent research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. In general, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors either promote or suppress cancer in different types of tumor microenvironments. The emergence of this difference depends on various factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type, cancer type, and tumor stage. Simultaneously, the effect of anti-cancer therapy based on drug-targeted PPARs differs or even opposes among the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor homotypes and different cancer types. Therefore, the current status and challenges of the use of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists and antagonists in cancer treatment are further explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueling Qu
- Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Center(Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Papadimitriou E, Kanellopoulou VK. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Zeta 1 as a Potential Target in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098093. [PMID: 37175798 PMCID: PMC10178973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor zeta 1 (PTPRZ1) is a type V transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase that is highly expressed during embryonic development, while its expression during adulthood is limited. PTPRZ1 is highly detected in the central nervous system, affecting oligodendrocytes' survival and maturation. In gliomas, PTPRZ1 expression is significantly upregulated and is being studied as a potential cancer driver and as a target for therapy. PTPRZ1 expression is also increased in other cancer types, but there are no data on the potential functional significance of this finding. On the other hand, low PTPRZ1 expression seems to be related to a worse prognosis in some cancer types, suggesting that in some cases, it may act as a tumor-suppressor gene. These discrepancies may be due to our limited understanding of PTPRZ1 signaling and tumor microenvironments. In this review, we present evidence on the role of PTPRZ1 in angiogenesis and cancer and discuss the phenomenal differences among the different types of cancer, depending on the regulation of its tyrosine phosphatase activity or ligand binding. Clarifying the involved signaling pathways will lead to its efficient exploitation as a novel therapeutic target or as a biomarker, and the development of proper therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki K Kanellopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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The Roles of Secreted Wnt Ligands in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065349. [PMID: 36982422 PMCID: PMC10049518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt ligands are secreted signaling proteins that display a wide range of biological effects. They play key roles in stimulating Wnt signaling pathways to facilitate processes such as tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Dysregulation of Wnt signaling is a hallmark of many cancers and genetic alterations in various Wnt signaling components, which result in ligand-independent or ligand-dependent hyperactivation of the pathway that have been identified. Recently, research is focusing on the impact of Wnt signaling on the interaction between tumor cells and their micro-environment. This Wnt-mediated crosstalk can act either in a tumor promoting or suppressing fashion. In this review, we comprehensively outline the function of Wnt ligands in different tumor entities and their impact on key phenotypes, including cancer stemness, drug resistance, metastasis, and immune evasion. Lastly, we elaborate approaches to target Wnt ligands in cancer therapy.
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Kukal S, Bora S, Kanojia N, Singh P, Paul PR, Rawat C, Sagar S, Bhatraju NK, Grewal GK, Singh A, Kukreti S, Satyamoorthy K, Kukreti R. Valproic Acid-Induced Upregulation of Multidrug Efflux Transporter ABCG2/BCRP via PPAR α-Dependent Mechanism in Human Brain Endothelial Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:145-157. [PMID: 36414374 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in the development of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), poor response to them is a rising concern in epilepsy treatment. Of several hypotheses explaining AED treatment failure, the most promising theory is the overexpression of multidrug transporters belonging to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family at blood-brain barrier. Previous data show that AEDs themselves can induce these transporters, in turn affecting their own brain bioavailability. Presently, this induction and the underlying regulatory mechanism involved at human blood-brain barrier is not well elucidated. Herein, we sought to explore the effect of most prescribed first- and second-line AEDs on multidrug transporters in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, hCMEC/D3. Our work demonstrated that exposure of these cells to valproic acid (VPA) induced mRNA, protein, and functional activity of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). On examining the substrate interaction status of AEDs with BCRP, VPA, phenytoin, and lamotrigine were found to be potential BCRP substrates. Furthermore, we observed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) or use of PPARα antagonist, resulted in attenuation of VPA-induced BCRP expression and transporter activity. VPA was found to increase PPARα expression and trigger its translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus. Findings from chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays showed that VPA enhances the binding of PPARα to its response element in the ABCG2 promoter, resulting in elevated ABCG2 transcriptional activity. Taken together, these in vitro findings highlight PPARα as the potential molecular target to prevent VPA-mediated BCRP induction, which may have important implications in VPA pharmacoresistance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Induction of multidrug transporters at blood-brain barrier can largely affect the bioavailability of the substrate antiepileptic drugs in the brains of patients with epilepsy, thus affecting their therapeutic efficacy. The present study reports a mechanistic pathway of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) upregulation by valproic acid in human brain endothelial cells via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha involvement, thereby providing a potential strategy to prevent valproic acid pharmacoresistance in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Shivangi Bora
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Pooja Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Priyanka Rani Paul
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Shakti Sagar
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Naveen Kumar Bhatraju
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Grewal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Anju Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi, India (S.K., S.B., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., N.K.B., R.K.); Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India (S.K., N.K., P.S., P.R.P., C.R., S.S., R.K.); Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (S.B.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India (G.K.G.); Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry (A.S., S.K) and Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India (A.S.); and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (K.S.)
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Qian Z, Chen L, Liu J, Jiang Y, Zhang Y. The emerging role of PPAR-alpha in breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114420. [PMID: 36812713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been confirmed to have lipid disorders in the tumour microenvironment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. PPARα regulates the expression of genes involved in fatty acid homeostasis and is a major regulator of lipid metabolism. Because of its effects on lipid metabolism, an increasing number of studies have investigated the relationship of PPARα with breast cancer. PPARα has been shown to impact the cell cycle and apoptosis in normal cells and tumoral cells through regulating genes of the lipogenic pathway, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid activation, and uptake of exogenous fatty acids. Besides, PPARα is involved in the regulation of the tumour microenvironment (anti-inflammation and inhibition of angiogenesis) by modulating different signal pathways such as NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Some synthetic PPARα ligands are used in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. PPARα agonists are reported to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. In addition, PPARα agonists enhance the curative effects of targeted therapy and radiation therapy. Interestingly, with the emerging role of immunotherapy, attention has been focused on the tumour microenvironment. The dual functions of PPARα agonists in immunotherapy need further research. This review aims to consolidate the operations of PPARα in lipid-related and other ways, as well as discuss the current and potential applications of PPARα agonists in tackling breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Qian
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China.
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China.
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China; Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China.
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
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Lin P, Xing W, Ren Q, Wang Q, Yan J, Mao G. LncRNAs as Theragnostic Biomarkers for Predicting Radioresistance in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:767750. [PMID: 35692742 PMCID: PMC9176206 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.767750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radioresistance is the major obstacle after cancer radiotherapy. The dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) was closely related the radioresistance response. This meta-analysis was aimed to interpret the relationship between lncRNAs and radiotherapy responses in different cancers. Method The studies were selected from databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, PMC, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The publication time was limited to before March 20, 2021. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval were calculated with random-effects models. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were also conducted. Result Twenty-seven lncRNAs in 14 cancer types were investigated, in which 23 lncRNAs were upregulated and four lncRNAs were downregulated. Dysregulation of these lncRNAs were found to be related to radioresistance response. The pooled HR and 95% confidence interval for the combined up-regulated lncRNAs was 1.73 (95% CI=1.50-2.00; P< 0.01) and down-regulated lncRNAs was 2.09 (95% CI= 1.60-2.72; P< 0.01). The HR values of the subgroup analysis for glioma (HR= 2.22, 95% CI= 1.79-2.74; p< 0.01), non-small cell lung cancer (HR=1.48, 95% CI=1.18-1.85; P<0.01), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HR=4.26; 95% CI= 1.58-11.46; P< 0.01), and breast cancer (HR=1.29; 95% CI= 1.08-1.54; P< 0.01) were obtained. Moreover, the expression of lncRNAs was significantly related to overall survival of patients no matter if the sample size was >50 or not. In addition, the HR values of the subgroup analysis for lncRNA H19 (HR=2.68; 95% CI= 1.92-3.74; P <0.01), lncRNA FAM201A (HR=2.15; 95% CI= 1.15-3.99; P <0.01), and lncRNA HOTAIR (HR=1.22; 95% CI= 0.98-1.54; P =0.08) were also obtained. Conclusion LncRNAs can induce cancer radioresistance by regulating cell death-related signaling pathways. Results indicated that lncRNAs, especially lncRNA H19, FAM201A, and HOTAIR, could be considered as a predictive theragnostic biomarker to evaluate radiotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Genxiang Mao, ; Jing Yan,
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Genxiang Mao, ; Jing Yan,
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9
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Xia N, Yang N, Shan Q, Wang Z, Liu X, Chen Y, Lu J, Huang W, Wang Z. HNRNPC regulates RhoA to induce DNA damage repair and cancer-associated fibroblast activation causing radiation resistance in pancreatic cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2322-2336. [PMID: 35277915 PMCID: PMC8995438 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer due to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages and consequent late diagnosis. Its mortality rate remains high despite advances in treatment strategies, which include a combination of surgical resection and adjuvant therapy. Although these approaches may have a positive effect on prognosis, the development of chemo- and radioresistance still poses a significant challenge for successful PC treatment. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 (HNRNPC) and RhoA have been implicated in the regulation of tumour cell proliferation and chemo- and radioresistance. Our study aims to investigate the mechanism for HNRNPC regulation of PC radiation resistance via the RhoA pathway. We found that HNRNPC and RhoA mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in PC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumour tissue. Furthermore, high HNRNPC expression was associated with poor patient prognosis. Using HNRNPC overexpression and siRNA interference, we demonstrated that HNRNPC overexpression promoted radiation resistance in PC cells, while HNRNPC knockdown increased radiosensitivity. However, silencing of RhoA expression was shown to attenuate radiation resistance caused by HNRNPC overexpression. Next, we identified RhoA as a downstream target of HNRNPC and showed that inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK2-YAP/TAZ pathway led to a reduction in DNA damage repair and radiation resistance. Finally, using both in vitro assays and an in vivo subcutaneous tumour xenograft model, we demonstrated that RhoA inhibition can hinder the activity of cancer-related fibroblasts and weaken PC radiation resistance. Our study describes a role for HNRNPC and the RhoA/ROCK2-YAP/TAZ signalling pathways in mediating radiation resistance and provides a potential therapeutic target for improving the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Department of RadiologyRuijin Hospital Luwan BranchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Nannan Yang
- Department of RadiologyRuijin Hospital Luwan BranchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qungang Shan
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ziyin Wang
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of RadiologyRuijin Hospital Luwan BranchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Department of RadiologyRuijin Hospital Luwan BranchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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10
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LIU L, HU D. SUFU reduced pancreatic cancer cell growth by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.61721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin LIU
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China; Yancheng First People’s Hospital, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Duanmin HU
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
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11
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Liu D, Yu H, Gu Y, Pang Q. Effect of rare earth element lanthanum on lipid deposition and Wnt10b signaling in the liver of male zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 240:105994. [PMID: 34656894 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of lanthanum (La) on lipid deposition and Wnt10b signaling in the liver of male zebrafish with exposure of 0, 10, 20, and 30 μmol/L La. It suggests that La can be accumulated in liver, and its treatments decrease the activities and gene expression of enzymes related to fatty acid synthesis. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) as well as the size of lipid droplets are decreased by La treatments. Moreover, La treatments affect the composition of fatty acids and the content of nutrient elements. Meanwhile, they also induce the gene expression of wnt10b, β-catenin, pparα, and pparγ, but inhibit gsk-3β gene expression in liver. Further study on the result of wnt10b gene interference shows that Wnt10b/β-catenin signaling plays a crucial role in the regulatory process of hepatic lipid deposition. Taken together, our observations suggest that La accumulation affects lipid deposition in the liver of male zebrafish, and Wnt10b signaling pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwu Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Hairui Yu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang Bioengineering Technology Research Center, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Yaqi Gu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
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12
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D’Onofrio N, Martino E, Balestrieri A, Mele L, Neglia G, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. SIRT3 and Metabolic Reprogramming Mediate the Antiproliferative Effects of Whey in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205196. [PMID: 34680344 PMCID: PMC8533739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging strategies to improve healthy aging include dietary interventions as a tool to promote health benefits and reduce the incidence of aging-related comorbidities. The health benefits of milk are also linked to its richness in betaines and short-chain acylcarnitines, which act synergistically in conferring anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Whey, despite being a dairy by-product, still has a considerable content of bioactive betaines and acylcarnitines. Here, we investigated the anticancer properties of whey from Mediterranean water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk by testing its antiproliferative effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells HT-29, HCT 116, LoVo and SW480. Results indicated that treatment with whey for 72 h inhibited cell proliferation (p < 0.001), induced cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis via caspase-3 activation, and modulated cell metabolism by limiting glucose uptake and interfering with mitochondrial energy metabolism with the highest effects observed in HT-29 and HCT 116 cells. At molecular level, these effects were accompanied by upregulation of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) (p < 0.01) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression (p < 0.001), and downregulation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) (p < 0.01), sterol regulatory-element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) (p < 0.05), and PPAR-α (p < 0.01). Transient SIRT3 gene silencing blocked the effects of whey on the LDHA, PPAR-γ, and PPAR-α protein expressions (p < 0.01) suggesting that the whey capacity of perturbating the metabolic homeostasis in CRC cell lines is mediated by SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5865
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (G.C.)
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13
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Zhang R, Feng Y, Lu J, Ge Y, Li H. lncRNA Ttc3-209 Promotes the Apoptosis of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Retinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Targeting the miR-484/Wnt8a Axis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:13. [PMID: 33687475 PMCID: PMC7960841 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can cause irreversible damage to visual function after retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIR). Using a lncRNA chip assay, we selected lncRNA Ttc-209 and characterized its role in RGCs during ischemia reperfusion (I/R)–induced apoptosis. Methods We created an ischemic model of RGCs by applying Hank's balanced salt solution containing 10 µM antimycin A and 2 µM calcium ionophore for 2 hours. RIR was induced in mice by elevating the intraocular pressure to 120 mm Hg for 1 hour by cannulation of the cornea; this was followed by reperfusion. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and target gene mRNA. Western blotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, and TUNEL assays were performed to detect cell apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and FISH were used to identify endogenous competitive RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms that link lncRNAs, miRNAs, and target genes. We also used scotopic electroretinography examinations to evaluate visual function in treated mice. Results lncRNA Ttc3-209 was significantly upregulated after I/R injury and played a proapoptotic role in RGCs during I/R-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, lncRNA Ttc3-209 is a ceRNA that competitively binds to miR-484 and upregulates the translation of its target (Wnt8a mRNA), thus promoting apoptosis in RGCs. Conclusions Reducing the expression of lncRNA Ttc3-209 had a protective effect against apoptosis in RGCs. This may provide a new therapeutic option for the prevention of RGC apoptosis in response to RIR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jinfang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yanni Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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14
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Zou J, Pei X, Xing D, Wu X, Chen S. LINC00261 elevation inhibits angiogenesis and cell cycle progression of pancreatic cancer cells by upregulating SCP2 via targeting FOXP3. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9826-9836. [PMID: 34541823 PMCID: PMC8505824 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) biological functions and molecular mechanisms associated with pancreatic cancer (PC) remain to be poorly elucidated. We aimed to clarify the role of lncRNA LINC00261 (LINC00261) in PC and confirm its regulatory mechanisms. Bioinformatics analysis, RNA pull-down and RIP assays were performed to investigate relationship between LINC00261 and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3). Further, dual-luciferase reporter gene and ChIP assays were employed to confirm the relationship among LINC00261, FOXP3 and sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2). PC cells were introduced with a series of vectors to verify the effects of LINC00261 and SCP2 on the viability, cell cycle progression, migration and angiogenesis of PC cells. Nude mice with the xenograft tumour were used to evaluate the effects LINC00261 on the tumourigenicity. LINC00261 was lowly expressed in PC tissues and cells. SCP2 was inhibited by LINC00261 through FOXP3. Functionally, upregulated LINC00261 or downregulated SCP2 led to reduced cell viability, migration, angiogenesis and tumourigenicity potentials. This study demonstrated the inhibitory role of LINC00261 in the angiogenesis and cell cycle progression of PC cells. It acts through the negative regulation of SCP2 via targeting FOXP3. Findings in this study highlight a potentially biomarker for PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of abdominal surgeryJiangxi Cancer HospitalNanchangChina
| | - Xuanzeng Pei
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Dan Xing
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of General SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
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15
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Hu B, Ma X, Huang R, Wu Z, Lu J, Guo Y, Tang J, Ma C, Ma J, Zhang L, Bai Y. Identification of Key Genes Mutations Associated With the Radiosensitivity by Whole Exome Sequencing in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697308. [PMID: 34434896 PMCID: PMC8381198 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal human cancers, and radiation therapy (RT) is an important treating option. Many patients diagnosed with PC do not achieve objective responses because of the existence of intrinsic and acquired radioresistance. Therefore, biomarkers, which predict radiotherapy benefit in PC, are eagerly needed to be identified. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing of six pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients (PDAC) (three with a good response and three with a poor response) who had received radical surgery and then radiotherapy has been performed as standard of care treatment. Somatic and germline variants and the mutational signatures were analyzed with bioinformatics tools and public databases. Functional enrichment and pathway-based protein-protein interaction analyses were utilized to address the possibly mechanism in radioresistance. MTT, LDH, and colony formation assay were applied to evaluate cell growth and colony formation ability. RESULTS In the present study, somatic mutations located in 441 genes were detected to be radiosensitivity-related loci. Seventeen genes, including the Smad protein family members (SMAD3 and SMAD4), were identified to influence the radiosensitivity in PDAC. The SMAD3 and SMAD4 genes mutate differently between radiosensitive and radioresistant PDAC patients. Mutation of SMAD3 potentiates the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on cell growth and colony formation in PDAC cells, whereas mutation of SMAD4 had the opposite effects. SMAD3 and SMAD4 regulate the radiosensitivity of PDAC, at least in part, by P21 and FOXO3a, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that mutations of SMAD3 and SMAD4 likely cause the difference of response to radiotherapy in PDAC, which might be considered as the biomarkers and potential targets for the radiotherapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhua Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Research, Medical Laboratory of Nantong Zhongke, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntao Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Laboratory of Nantong Zhongke, Nantong, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongrui Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yuan ZH, Liu T, Wang H, Xue LX, Wang JJ. Fatty Acids Metabolism: The Bridge Between Ferroptosis and Ionizing Radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675617. [PMID: 34249928 PMCID: PMC8264768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR) alters the microenvironment, particularly the fatty acid (FA) profile and activity. Moreover, abnormal FA metabolism, either catabolism or anabolism, is essential for synthesizing biological membranes and delivering molecular signals to induce ferroptotic cell death. The current review focuses on the bistable regulation characteristics of FA metabolism and explains how FA catabolism and anabolism pathway crosstalk harmonize different ionizing radiation-regulated ferroptosis responses, resulting in pivotal cell fate decisions. In summary, targeting key molecules involved in lipid metabolism and ferroptosis may amplify the tumor response to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-hui Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-xiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Li Y, Huang H, Ye X, Huang Z, Chen X, Wu F, Lin T. miR-202-3p negatively regulates MMP-1 to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:406-416. [PMID: 33487115 PMCID: PMC7894427 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1876390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the common cancers. Studies show that MMP-1 is involved in tumor progression, yet relevant regulatory mechanism in LUAD remains to be further elucidated. Here, we demonstrated from bioinformatics analysis for GEO data that MMP-1 was differentially up-regulated in LUAD. miR-202-3p, identified as the upstream regulator of MMP-1 by both bioinformatics and dual-luciferase assays, was differentially down-regulated in LUAD and presented a negative correlation with MMP-1. Following cell biological experiments proved that knocking down the expression of MMP-1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells, while overexpressed miR-202-3p posed a similar suppressive effect on cancer progression. Additionally, rescue assay further identified that overexpression of MMP-1 attenuated the suppressive effect of up-regulated miR-202-3p on malignant progression of LUAD cells. In all, this research suggests a mechanism by which MMP-1 under the regulation of miR-202-3p modulates the proliferation, migration and invasion of LUAD cells, which may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huiqin Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangli Ye
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenghui Huang
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangqi Chen
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tingyan Lin
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- CONTACT Tingyan Lin
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18
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Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Sun S, Wang K, Qian J, Cui Z, Tao T, Zhou J. ACOX2 is a prognostic marker and impedes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via PPARα pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:15. [PMID: 33414412 PMCID: PMC7791021 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been extensively studied as one of the most aggressive tumors worldwide. However, its mortality rate remains high due to ideal diagnosis and treatment strategies. Uncovering novel genes with prognostic significance would shed light on improving the HCC patient's outcome. In our study, we applied data-independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomics to investigate the expression landscape of 24 paired HCC patients. A total of 1029 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened. Then, we compared DEPs in our cohort with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in The Cancer Genome Atlas, and investigated their prognostic significance, and found 183 prognosis-related genes (PRGs). By conducting protein-protein interaction topological analysis, we identified four subnetworks with prognostic significance. Acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (ACOX2) is a novel gene in subnetwork1, encodes a peroxisomal enzyme, and its function in HCC was investigated in vivo and in vitro. The lower expression of ACOX2 was validated by real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, wound healing, and transwell migration assay were applied to evaluate the impact of ACOX2 overexpression on the proliferation and migration abilities in two liver cancer cell lines. ACOX2 overexpression, using a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model, indicated a tumor suppressor role in HCC. To uncover the underlying mechanism, gene set enrichment analysis was conducted, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) was proposed to be a potential target. In conclusion, we demonstrated a PRG ACOX2, and its overexpression reduced the proliferation and metastasis of liver cancer in vitro and in vivo through PPARα pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yunbin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jianping Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhonglin Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, 236 Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524045, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Yang J, Hong S, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Gao L, Hong L. Tumor Immune Microenvironment Related Gene-Based Model to Predict Prognosis and Response to Compounds in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:807410. [PMID: 34966691 PMCID: PMC8710702 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.807410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been recognized to be an imperative factor facilitating the acquisition of many cancer-related hallmarks and is a critical target for targeted biological therapy. This research intended to construct a risk score model premised on TIME-associated genes for prediction of survival and identification of potential drugs for ovarian cancer (OC) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The stromal and immune scores were computed utilizing the ESTIMATE algorithm in OC patient samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Weighted gene co-expression network and differentially expressed genes analyses were utilized to detect stromal-and immune-related genes. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-Cox regression was utilized for additional gene selection. The genes that were selected were utilized as the input for a stepwise regression to construct a TIME-related risk score (TIMErisk), which was then validated in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. For the evaluation of the protein expression levels of TIME regulators, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) dataset was utilized, and for their biological functions, the TIMER and CIBERSORT algorithm, immunoreactivity, and Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuCellAI) were used. Possible OC medications were forecasted utilizing the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database and connectivity map (CMap). TIMErisk was developed based on ALPK2, CPA3, PTGER3, CTHRC1, PLA2G2D, CXCL11, and ZNF683. High TIMErisk was recognized as a poor factor for survival in the GEO and TCGA databases; subgroup analysis with FIGO stage, grade, lymphatic and venous invasion, debulking, and tumor site also indicated similar results. Functional immune cells corresponded to more incisive immune reactions, including secretion of chemokines and interleukins, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, TNF signaling pathway, and infiltration of activated NK cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils in patients with low TIMErisk. Several small molecular medications which may enhance the prognosis of patients in the TIMErisk subgroup were identified. Lastly, an enhanced predictive performance nomogram was constructed by compounding TIMErisk with the FIGO stage and debulking. CONCLUSION These findings may offer a valuable indicator for clinical stratification management and personalized therapeutic options for OC patients and may be a foundation for future mechanistic research of their association.
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Tan Y, Wang M, Yang K, Chi T, Liao Z, Wei P. PPAR-α Modulators as Current and Potential Cancer Treatments. Front Oncol 2021; 11:599995. [PMID: 33833983 PMCID: PMC8021859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.599995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. PPAR modulators may hold great potential for the management of cancer patients. Indeed, PPARs are critical sensors and regulators of lipid, and they are able to promote eNOS activation, regulate immunity and inflammation response, and affect proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells. Cancer, a name given to a group of diseases, is characterized by multiple distinctive biological behaviors, including angiogenesis, abnormal cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, inflammation, etc. In the last decade, emerging evidence has shown that PPAR-α, a nuclear hormone receptor, can modulate carcinogenesis via exerting effects on one or several characteristic pathological behaviors of cancer. Therefore, the multi-functional PPAR modulators have substantial promise in various types of cancer therapies. This review aims to consolidate the functions of PPAR-α, as well as discuss the current and potential applications of PPAR-α agonists and antagonists in tackling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mina Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiange Chi
- The First Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
- Zehuan Liao
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Wei
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Integrated bioinformatics analysis identified COL11A1 as an immune infiltrates correlated prognosticator in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:106982. [PMID: 33129696 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is the most common pancreatic cancer, with high mortality rate and limited treatment options. Tumor infiltrating cells and genes in microenvironment are emerging as pivotal players in PAAD progression and prognosis. In this study, we obtained genes expression data set GSE119794 of PAAD, which contains data from 10 tumor and 10 normal samples. A total of 262 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 169 up-regulated and 93 down-regulated genes, were obtained based on expression fold change and significance. Combining the pathway analysis of DEGs and GSEA analysis of all genes, four KEGG pathways were enriched. The 4 pathways include pancreatic secretion, protein digestion and absorption, fat digestion and absorption, and PPAR signaling pathways. Functional enrichment of Gene Ontology significantly enriched extracellular matrix, an important component in microenvironment. In the Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, we screened out 3 hub genes of COL11A1, KRT19 and CXCL5 by CytoHubba. At last, the expression level, prognostic significance and correlation with tumor infiltrates were validated in TCGA database, with GEPIA and TIMER. The validation identified Collagen Type XI Alpha 1 Chain (COL11A1), an extracellular matrix structural constituent, as a hazardous prognosticator with significant correlation with macrophage, neutrophil and dendritic cells. In sum, we identified COL11A1 as an immune infiltrates correlated prognosticator in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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B7-H3 regulates KIF15-activated ERK1/2 pathway and contributes to radioresistance in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:824. [PMID: 33011740 PMCID: PMC7532977 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As an important modality for the local control of colorectal cancer (CRC), radiotherapy or neoadjuvant radiotherapy is widely applied in the clinic, but radioresistance has become a major obstacle for CRC radiotherapy. Here we reported that B7-H3, an important costimulatory molecule, is associated with radioresistance in CRC. The expression of B7-H3 was obviously increased in CRC cells after irradiation. The enhanced expression of B7-H3 promoted, while the knockdown of B7-H3 inhibited, colony formation and cell activity in CRC cells following radiation treatment. B7-H3 overexpression reduced S phase arrest and protected cell apoptosis induced by radiation, whereas B7-H3 knockdown had the opposite effects. In addition, B7-H3 blockade by 3E8, a specific B7-H3 antibody, significantly sensitized CRC cells to irradiation in vivo. Mechanistic analysis revealed that B7-H3 regulated KIF15 via RNA sequencing, which was in dependent of NF-κB pathway. And small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated KIF15 silencing or KIF15 blockade by the inhibitor SB743921 abolished the effect of B7-H3 on radioresistance in vitro and in vivo. Similar to B7-H3, we find that the protein expression levels of KIF15, which showed a positive correlation with B7-H3, was abnormal upregulated in cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues and associated with TNM stage. Finally, B7-H3/KIF15 enhanced resistance against irradiation in CRC cells via activating ERK1/2 signaling, a key pathway involved in radioresistance in cancer. Our findings reveal an alternative mechanism by which CRC cells can acquire radioresistance via the B7-H3/KIF15/ERK axis.
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Liu S, Song A, Zhou X, Huo Z, Yao S, Yang B, Liu Y, Wang Y. ceRNA network development and tumour-infiltrating immune cell analysis of metastatic breast cancer to bone. J Bone Oncol 2020; 24:100304. [PMID: 32760644 PMCID: PMC7393400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced breast cancer commonly metastasises to bone; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the affinity for breast cancer cells to bone remains unclear. Thus, we developed nomograms based on a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and analysed tumour-infiltrating immune cells to elucidate the molecular pathways that may predict prognosis in patients with breast cancer. METHODS We obtained the RNA expression profile of 1091 primary breast cancer samples included in The Cancer Genome Atlas database, 58 of which were from patients with bone metastasis. We analysed the differential RNA expression patterns between breast cancer with and without bone metastasis and developed a ceRNA network. Cibersort was employed to differentiate between immune cell types based on tumour transcripts. Nomograms were then established based on the ceRNA network and immune cell analysis. The value of prognostic factors was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and a Cox proportional risk model. RESULTS We found significant differences in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 18 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 20 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) between breast cancer with and without bone metastasis, which were used to construct a ceRNA network. We found that the protein-coding genes GJB3, CAMMV, PTPRZ1, and FBN3 were significantly differentially expressed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. We also observed significant differences in the abundance of plasma cell and follicular helper T cell populations between the two groups. In addition, the proportion of mast cells, gamma delta T cells, and plasma cells differed depending on disease location and stage. Our analysis showed that a high proportion of follicular helper T cells and a low proportion of eosinophils promoted survival and that DLX6-AS1, Wnt6, and GABBR2 expression may be associated with bone metastasis in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS We developed a bioinformatic tool for exploring the molecular mechanisms of bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer and identified factors that may predict the occurrence of bone metastasis.
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Key Words
- AIC, Akaike information criterion
- AUC, Area under curve
- Bone metastasis
- Breast cancer
- DE, Differentially expressed
- DEmRNA, differentially expressed messenger RNA
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ER, estrogen receptor
- FPKM, fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads
- GO, Gene ontology
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- Immune infiltration
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- Nomogram
- PCC, Pearson correlation coefficient
- Prognosis
- ROC curve, receiver operating characteristic curve
- Runx2, runt related transcription factor 2
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TNM, Tumor, Node, Metastases
- ceRNA network
- ceRNA, competing endogenous RNA
- lncRNA, long non-coding RNA
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- miRNA, microRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - An Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Huo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.
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Li H, Che J, Jiang M, Cui M, Feng G, Dong J, Zhang S, Lu L, Liu W, Fan S. CLPTM1L induces estrogen receptor β signaling-mediated radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:152. [PMID: 32943060 PMCID: PMC7499972 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioresistance is a major challenge in lung cancer radiotherapy, and new radiosensitizers are urgently needed. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is involved in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, the role of ERβ in the response to radiotherapy in lung cancer remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying ERβ-mediated transcriptional activation and radioresistance of NSCLC cells. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of CLPTM1L, ERβ and other target genes. The mechanism of CLPTM1L in modulation of radiosensitivity was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase reporter gene assay, immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy, coimmunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. The functional role of CLPTM1L was detected by function assays in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS CLPTM1L expression was negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cell lines, and irradiation upregulated CLPTM1L in radioresistant (A549) but not in radiosensitive (H460) NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, IR induced the translocation of CLPTM1L from the cytoplasm into the nucleus in NSCLC cells. Moreover, CLPTM1L induced radioresistance in NSCLC cells. iTRAQ-based analysis and cDNA microarray identified irradiation-related genes commonly targeted by CLPTM1L and ERβ, and CLPTM1L upregulated ERβ-induced genes CDC25A, c-Jun, and BCL2. Mechanistically, CLPTM1L coactivated ERβ by directly interacting with ERβ through the LXXLL NR (nuclear receptor)-binding motif. Functionally, ERβ silencing was sufficient to block CLPTM1L-enhanced radioresistance of NSCLC cells in vitro. CLPTM1L shRNA treatment in combination with irradiation significantly inhibited cancer cell growth in NSCLC xenograft tumors in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that CLPTM1L acts as a critical coactivator of ERβ to promote the transcription of its target genes and induce radioresistance of NSCLC cells, suggesting a new target for radiosensitization in NSCLC therapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Jun Che
- grid.459328.10000 0004 1758 9149Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Hui-He Road, Wuxi, 214062 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Mian Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Guoxing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Jiali Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Weili Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
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Wang Z, Shen W, Li X, Feng Y, Qian K, Wang G, Gao Y, Xu X, Zhang S, Yue L, Cao J. The PPARγ Agonist Rosiglitazone Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:3099-3110. [PMID: 32801648 PMCID: PMC7410396 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s242557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose As radiation therapy is widely used for the management of pancreatic cancer, identifying novel targets to improve the radiosensitivity of cancer cells is beneficial. Rosiglitazone, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, has an inhibitory effect on various types of cancer cells. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the radiosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells and the potential mechanism. Materials and Methods PPARγ expression in pancreatic cancer and adjacent tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry analysis. The viability, migration and invasion ability of PANC1 and PaTu8988 cells were detected using MTT assay, scratch-wound assay and transwell invasion assay. The effect of rosiglitazone on radiosensitivity of the cells was determined using the clonogenic assay. PANC1 cells were inoculated into BALB/c mice to establish tumors. Microarray was used to investigate changes of genes involved. Results Higher PPARγ expression was demonstrated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with para-carcinoma tissues. Rosiglitazone inhibited the cell viability and enhanced the radiation-induced anti-migration and anti-invasion effect. Rosiglitazone potentiated the radiosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells and PANC1 xenografts. Microarray analysis revealed that rosiglitazone plus radiation altered the expression of multiple genes and affected multiple pathways. Conclusion Rosiglitazone enhances the radiosensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo via complex mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xugang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anshan Cancer Hospital, Anshan 114036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Feng
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoren Wang
- Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Gao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215400, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yue
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Huaier extract restrains pancreatic cancer by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110126. [PMID: 32278239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease, and new treatments need to be explored. Huaier extract is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been found to exert antitumor properties in some cancers. However, the role of Huaier extract in pancreatic cancer has not been examined. In this study, we found that the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) of pancreatic cancer cells were suppressed by treatment with Huaier extract and that apoptosis increased. We also observed that expression of β-catenin was inhibited by Huaier extract. Furthermore, an animal study showed that Huaier extract slowed tumor growth in pancreatic cancer. Our results reveal that Huaier extract suppresses pancreatic cancer by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway both in vitro and in vivo.
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Yaghoubizadeh M, Pishkar L, Basati G. Aberrant Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Colorectal Cancer and Their Association with Cancer Progression and Prognosis. Gastrointest Tumors 2020; 7:11-20. [PMID: 32399461 PMCID: PMC7206611 DOI: 10.1159/000503995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ, are nuclear ligand-activated transcription factors which presumably contribute to a broad range of pathophysiological processes, such as tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, their exact role as tumor suppressors or promoters is not straightforward in colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, expression values of these PPARs and their relation with tumor progression and prognosis were examined in CRC patients. METHODS In this work, the relative expression values of the PPARs were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 100 CRC tumor tissues paired with adjacent normal tissues. After that, the association between relative expression values of the PPARs in tumor tissues and the cancer progression-related clinicopathological characteristics as well as overall survival of patients were assessed. RESULTS While PPARα and PPARδ seemed to be overexpressed, PPARγ was suppressed in CRC tumor tissues compared with paired adjacent normal tissues (p = 0.0001). The relative expressions of PPARα and PPARδ were negatively associated with tumor size, tumor grade, TNM stage, metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and decreased overall survival time (p < 0.05). The same associations, but in reverse direction, were found for PPARγ. CONCLUSIONS It was found that PPARα and PPARδ were overexpressed while PPARγ was suppressed in CRC tumor tissues, and these deregulations are associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Yaghoubizadeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Pishkar
- Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran
| | - Gholam Basati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- *Gholam Basati, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Banganjab Street, Ilam 693917143 (Iran), E-Mail
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Dell’Oro M, Short M, Wilson P, Bezak E. Clinical Limitations of Photon, Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010163. [PMID: 31936565 PMCID: PMC7017270 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite improvements in radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgical procedures over the last 30 years, pancreatic cancer 5-year survival rate remains at 9%. Reduced stroma permeability and heterogeneous blood supply to the tumour prevent chemoradiation from making a meaningful impact on overall survival. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs are the latest strategy to reintroduce oxygenation to radioresistant cells harbouring in pancreatic cancer. This paper reviews the current status of photon and particle radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer in combination with systemic therapies and hypoxia activators. Methods: The current effectiveness of management of pancreatic cancer was systematically evaluated from MEDLINE® database search in April 2019. Results: Limited published data suggest pancreatic cancer patients undergoing carbon ion therapy and proton therapy achieve a comparable median survival time (25.1 months and 25.6 months, respectively) and 1-year overall survival rate (84% and 77.8%). Inconsistencies in methodology, recording parameters and protocols have prevented the safety and technical aspects of particle therapy to be fully defined yet. Conclusion: There is an increasing requirement to tackle unmet clinical demands of pancreatic cancer, particularly the lack of synergistic therapies in the advancing space of radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Dell’Oro
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; (M.S.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-435214264
| | - Michala Short
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; (M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Puthenparampil Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia;
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; (M.S.); (E.B.)
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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Wan FZ, Chen KH, Sun YC, Chen XC, Liang RB, Chen L, Zhu XD. Exosomes overexpressing miR-34c inhibit malignant behavior and reverse the radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:12. [PMID: 31915008 PMCID: PMC6947927 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant behavior and radioresistance, which severely limits the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), are associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as a therapeutic tool in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of tumor suppressor microRNA-34c-5p (miR-34c) on NPC development and radioresistance, as well as to confirm that exosomes derived from MSCs overexpressing miR-34c restore the sensitivity to radiotherapy in NPCs. METHODS Potentially active microRNAs were screened by cell sequencing, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database analysis, and analysis of clinical serum samples from 70 patients. The expression of genes and proteins was detected by Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and radioresistance of NPC were detected. Luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the interactions of microRNAs with their downstream targets. MSCs exosomes were isolated by ultrafiltration and verified by electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking technology. RESULTS The expression of miR-34c was associated with the occurrence and radiation resistance of NPC. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that overexpression of miR-34c inhibit malignant behavior such as invasion, migration, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPCs by targeting β-Catenin. In addition, we found alleviated radioresistance upon miR-34c overexpression or β-catenin knockdown in NPCs. Exosomes derived from miR-34c-transfected MSCs attenuated NPC invasion, migration, proliferation and EMT. Moreover, miR-34c-overexpressing exosomes drastically increased radiation-induced apoptosis in NPC cells. CONCLUSION miR-34c is a tumor suppressor miR in NPC, which inhibits malignant behavior as well as radioresistance of tumor. Therefore, exogenous delivery of miR-34c to NPCs via MSC exosomes inhibits tumor progression and increases the efficiency of RT. Combination IR with miR-34c-overexpressing exosomes may be effective treatment for radioresistant NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhu Wan
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai-Hua Chen
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chu Sun
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-Chan Chen
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ba Liang
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
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Nie X, Liu H, Liu L, Wang YD, Chen WD. Emerging Roles of Wnt Ligands in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1341. [PMID: 32923386 PMCID: PMC7456893 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is universal in most CRC cases. Wnt ligands (Wnts) are secreted glycoproteins and fundamentally essential for the transduction of Wnt signaling pathway. However, the 19 members of Wnts in humans imply a daunting complexity of Wnt signaling and biological effects, and our understanding of their roles in CRC tumorigenesis is still quite rudimentary. This review will give an overview of the structural characteristics and maturation process of Wnts. The expression pattern of all human Wnts in CRC tissues, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11, and Wnt16, and their relationship with the tumorigenesis and the progression of CRC will be specifically summarized separately. Despite certain challenges, Wnt-based therapeutics for CRC emerge continuously and some are now in clinical trials. In conclusion, a deep understanding of Wnts is very helpful for a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Huiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Dong Wang
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, People's Hospital of Hebi, School of Medicine, Henan University, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Wei-Dong Chen
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Gou Q, Dong C, Jin J, Liu Q, Lu W, Shi J, Hou Y. PPARα agonist alleviates tumor growth and chemo-resistance associated with the inhibition of glucose metabolic pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172664. [PMID: 31539552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a nuclear receptor, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a critical role in regulation of metabolism and cancer, while the effect of PPARα agonist on cancer cell glucose metabolism-linked tumor growth is still unclear. Here we found that PPARα agonist (Wy14,643) decreased Glut1 (Glucose transporter 1) gene and protein expressions of colorectal cancer cell lines in response to normoxia or hypoxia. Dual-luciferase analysis showed that Wy14,643 inhibited Glut1 transcription activity. Importantly, ChIP-qPCR analysis showed that Wy14,643 increased the binding of PPARα to Glut1 promoter region. Wy14,643 suppressed Glut1 transcription activity resulting in reduced influx of glucose in cancer cells in response to normoxia or hypoxia. Further analysis showed that Wy14,643-mediated inhibition of tumor growth and chemo-resistance was associated with inhibition of mTOR pathway. Taken together, PPARα agonist Wy14,643 suppressed Glut1 transcription activity, glucose uptake and mTOR pathway in colorectal cancer cells, which was involved in reduced tumor growth and chemo-resistance. These findings provided a novel therapy strategy for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. 213162, People's Republic of China; Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. 213162, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. 213162, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. 213162, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. 213162, People's Republic of China; Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212000, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu J, Chen S, Yang B, Mao W, Yang X, Cai J. Molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in regulating cancer cell radiosensitivity. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190590. [PMID: 31391206 PMCID: PMC6712435 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main modalities of cancer treatment. However, tumor recurrence following radiotherapy occurs in many cancer patients. A key to solving this problem is the optimization of radiosensitivity. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which affect the occurrence and development of tumors through a variety of mechanisms, have become a popular research topic. LncRNAs have been found to influence radiosensitivity by regulating various mechanisms, including DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cancer stem cells regulation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and autophagy. LncRNAs are expected to become a potential therapeutic target for radiotherapy in the future. This article reviews recent advances in the role and mechanism of lncRNAs in tumor radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, 163 Shoushan Road, Jiangyin 214400, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226321, China
| | - Shusen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226321, China
| | - Baixia Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226321, China
| | - Weidong Mao
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, 163 Shoushan Road, Jiangyin 214400, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226321, China
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Schütz R, Rawlings A, Wandeler E, Jackson E, Trevisan S, Monneuse J, Bendik I, Massironi M, Imfeld D. Bio-derived hydroxystearic acid ameliorates skin age spots and conspicuous pores. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:240-256. [PMID: 30955220 PMCID: PMC6852045 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report on the preparation and efficacy of 10-hydroxystearic acid (HSA) that improves facial age spots and conspicuous pores. METHODS The hydration of oleic acid into HSA was catalyzed by the oleate hydratase from Escherichia coli. Following treatment with HSA, collagen type I and type III was assessed in primary human dermal fibroblasts together with collagen type III, p53 protein levels and sunburn cells (SBC) after UVB irradiation (1 J cm-2 ) by immunohistochemistry on human ex vivo skin. UVB-induced expression of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) was determined from full thickness skin by RT-qPCR. Modification of the fibroblast secretome by HSA was studied by mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. In a full-face, double blind, vehicle-controlled trial HSA was assessed for its effects on conspicuous facial pore size and degree of pigmentation of age spots in Caucasian women over an 8-week period. RESULTS HSA was obtained in enantiomeric pure, high yield (≥80%). Collagen type I and type III levels were dose-dependently increased (96% and 244%; P < 0.01) in vitro and collagen type III in ex vivo skin by +57% (P < 0.01) by HSA. HSA also inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 gene expression (83%; P < 0.01) and mitigated SBC induction (-34% vs. vehicle control) and reduced significantly UV-induced p53 up-regulation (-46% vs. vehicle control; P < 0.01) in irradiated skin. HSA modified the fibroblast secretome with significant increases in proteins associated with the WNT pathway that could reduce melanogenesis and proteins that could modify dermal fibroblast activity and keratinocyte differentiation to account for the alleviation of conspicuous pores. Docking studies in silico and EC50 determination in reporter gene assays (EC50 5.5 × 10-6 M) identified HSA as a peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist. Clinically, HSA showed a statistically significant decrease of surface and volume of skin pores (P < 0.05) after 8 weeks of application and age spots became significantly less pigmented than the surrounding skin (contrast, P < 0.05) after 4 weeks. CONCLUSION HSA acts as a PPARα agonist to reduce the signs of age spots and conspicuous pores by significantly modulating the expression of p53, SBC, MMP-1 and collagen together with major changes in secreted proteins that modify keratinocyte, melanocyte and fibroblast cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Schütz
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | | | - E. Wandeler
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | - E. Jackson
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | | | | | - I. Bendik
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | | | - D. Imfeld
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
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Xia Z, Ouyang D, Li Q, Li M, Zou Q, Li L, Yi W, Zhou E. The Expression, Functions, Interactions and Prognostic Values of PTPRZ1: A Review and Bioinformatic Analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:1663-1674. [PMID: 31205522 PMCID: PMC6548002 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Available studies demonstrate that receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta (PTPRZ1) is expressed in different tumor tissues, and functions in cell proliferation, cell adhesion and migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cells and treatment resistance by interacting with or binding to several molecules. These included pleiotrophin (PTN), midkine, interleukin-34, β-catenin, VEGF, NF-κB, HIF-2, PSD-95, MAGI-3, contactin and ErbB4. PTPRZ1 was involved in survival signaling and could predict the prognosis of several tumors. This review discusses: the current knowledge about PTPRZ1, its expression, co-receptors, ligands, functions, signaling pathway, prognostic values and therapeutic agents that target PTPRZ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dengjie Ouyang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianying Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Moyun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiongyan Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Enxiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhou Y, Xu Y, Lu L, Ni J, Nie J, Cao J, Jiao Y, Zhang Q. Luminescent ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes acted as radiosensitizer for pancreatic cancer by enhancing radiation-induced DNA damage. Theranostics 2019; 9:6665-6675. [PMID: 31588242 PMCID: PMC6771246 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy which ranks 4th most common cause of cancer death in US and 6th in China. Novel drugs are required to improve the survival and prognosis of patients. Methods: Ruthenium(II) complexes with variation number of DIP ligand were synthesized and further adopted as radiosensitizer for pancreatic cancer. The influence of ruthenium(II) complexes on cell behaviors and tumor growth were investigated. The DNA binding affinity of ruthenium(II) complexes and plasmid was measured by using agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: Luminescent ruthenium(II) complex can rapidly enter into cell nuclei and consequently combine with DNA, resulting in the enhanced DNA damage induced by X-ray irradiation. Upon intratumoral injection of ruthenium(II) complex, excellent tumor growth inhibition was accomplished under ionizing radiation of human pancreatic cancer xenograft nude mice. Conclusions: Taken together, our study suggest that the ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes can effectively enhance radiation-induced DNA damage, which is likely to benefit the imaging-guided cancer radio-chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, P. R. China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Yuyang Zhou, E-mail: . Prof. Yang Jiao, Tel: +86 0512-65883941, E-mail: . Prof. Qi Zhang, Tel: +86 0512-65883941,
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lunjie Lu
- Department of Radiation Physics, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Jingyang Ni
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Jihua Nie
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Yuyang Zhou, E-mail: . Prof. Yang Jiao, Tel: +86 0512-65883941, E-mail: . Prof. Qi Zhang, Tel: +86 0512-65883941,
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Yuyang Zhou, E-mail: . Prof. Yang Jiao, Tel: +86 0512-65883941, E-mail: . Prof. Qi Zhang, Tel: +86 0512-65883941,
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Zhou Y, Chu L, Wang Q, Dai W, Zhang X, Chen J, Li L, Ding P, Zhang L, Gu H, Li L, Lv X, Zhang W, Zhou D, Zhang P, Cai G, Zhao K, Hu W. CD59 is a potential biomarker of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma radioresistance by affecting DNA repair. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:887. [PMID: 30166523 PMCID: PMC6117325 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an important treatment modality for esophageal cancer. However, acquisition of radioresistance ultimately results in esophageal cancer relapse. CD59, a membrane-bound complement regulatory protein, can transduce signals via a Src kinase in the lipid raft, thus playing a complement-independent role. However, the effect of CD59 on the esophageal cancer response to ionizing radiation remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression level of CD59 was positively correlated with the radioresistance of esophageal cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. High CD59 expression indicated poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who received radiotherapy. Genetic alteration of CD59 expression modulated the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to ionizing radiation. CD59 deficiency exacerbated DNA damage, hindered cell proliferation, and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence, leading to an impaired DNA damage repair ability. In addition, CD59 deficiency almost completely reduced the phosphorylation of Src at Y416 despite ionizing radiation. A Src inhibitor saracatinib sensitized esophageal cancer cells to irradiation. Therefore, CD59 may be a potential biomarker for predicting the radioresistance of ESCC to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Luying Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Lv
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingzhao Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuaile Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
The majority of gene loci that have been associated with type 2 diabetes play a role in pancreatic islet function. To evaluate the role of islet gene expression in the etiology of diabetes, we sensitized a genetically diverse mouse population with a Western diet high in fat (45% kcal) and sucrose (34%) and carried out genome-wide association mapping of diabetes-related phenotypes. We quantified mRNA abundance in the islets and identified 18,820 expression QTL. We applied mediation analysis to identify candidate causal driver genes at loci that affect the abundance of numerous transcripts. These include two genes previously associated with monogenic diabetes (PDX1 and HNF4A), as well as three genes with nominal association with diabetes-related traits in humans (FAM83E, IL6ST, and SAT2). We grouped transcripts into gene modules and mapped regulatory loci for modules enriched with transcripts specific for α-cells, and another specific for δ-cells. However, no single module enriched for β-cell-specific transcripts, suggesting heterogeneity of gene expression patterns within the β-cell population. A module enriched in transcripts associated with branched-chain amino acid metabolism was the most strongly correlated with physiological traits that reflect insulin resistance. Although the mice in this study were not overtly diabetic, the analysis of pancreatic islet gene expression under dietary-induced stress enabled us to identify correlated variation in groups of genes that are functionally linked to diabetes-associated physiological traits. Our analysis suggests an expected degree of concordance between diabetes-associated loci in the mouse and those found in human populations, and demonstrates how the mouse can provide evidence to support nominal associations found in human genome-wide association mapping.
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