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Sánchez-López CM, González-Arce A, Ramírez-Toledo V, Bernal D, Marcilla A. Unraveling new players in helminth pathology: extracellular vesicles from Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum exert different effects on hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes. Int J Parasitol 2024:S0020-7519(24)00134-6. [PMID: 38925265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum are parasitic trematodes residing in the bile ducts of mammalian hosts, causing, in some cases, impairment of liver function and hepatic fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that extracellular vesicles released by F. hepatica (FhEVs) and D. dendriticum (DdEVs) induce a distinct phenotype in human macrophages, but there is limited information on the effect of parasitic EVs on liver cells, which interact directly with the worms in natural infections. In this study, we isolated FhEVs and DdEVs by size exclusion chromatography and labeled them with a lipophilic fluorescent dye to analyze their uptake by human hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and hepatocytes, important cell types in liver pathology, using synthetic liposomes as internal labeling and uptake control. We analyzed EV uptake and the proteome profiles after the treatment with EVs for both cell types. Our results reveal that EVs establish unique and specific interactions with stellate cells and hepatocytes, suggesting a different role of EVs derived from each parasite, depending on the migration route to reach their final niche. FhEVs have a cytostatic effect on HSCs, but induce the extracellular matrix secretion and elicit anti-inflammatory responses in hepatocytes. DdEVs have a more potent anti-proliferative effect than FhEVs and trigger a global inflammatory response, increasing the levels of NF-κB and other inflammatory mediators in both cell types. These interactions may have a major influence on the progression of the disease, serving to generate conditions that may favor the establishment of the helminths in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Sánchez-López
- Área de Parasitología, Departament de Farmacia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia. Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research IIS La Fe-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aránzazu González-Arce
- Área de Parasitología, Departament de Farmacia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia. Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Dolores Bernal
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Área de Parasitología, Departament de Farmacia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia. Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research IIS La Fe-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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Genovese F, Bager C, Frederiksen P, Vazquez D, Sand JMB, Jenkins RG, Maher TM, Stewart ID, Molyneaux PL, Fahy WA, Wain LV, Vestbo J, Nanthakumar C, Shaker SB, Hoyer N, Leeming DJ, George J, Trebicka J, Rasmussen DGK, Hansen MK, Cockwell P, Kremer D, Bakker SJ, Selby NM, Reese-Petersen AL, González A, Núñez J, Rossing P, Nissen NI, Boisen MK, Chen IM, Zhao L, Karsdal MA, Schuppan D. The fibroblast hormone endotrophin is a biomarker of mortality in chronic diseases. Matrix Biol 2024:S0945-053X(24)00085-4. [PMID: 38871093 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis, driven by fibroblast activities, is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in most chronic diseases. Endotrophin, a signaling molecule derived from processing of type VI collagen by highly activated fibroblasts, is involved in fibrotic tissue remodeling. Circulating levels of endotrophin have been associated with an increased risk of mortality in multiple chronic diseases. We conducted a systematic literature review collecting evidence from original papers published between 2012 and January 2023 that reported associations between circulating endotrophin (PRO-C6) and mortality. Cohorts with data available to the study authors were included in an Individual Patient Data (IPD) meta-analysis that evaluated the association of PRO-C6 with mortality (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023340215) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI, where available. In the IPD meta-analysis including sixteen cohorts of patients with different non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) (N=15,205) the estimated summary hazard ratio for 3-years all-cause mortality was 2.10 (95% CI 1.75-2.52) for a 2-fold increase in PRO-C6, with some heterogeneity observed between the studies (I2=70%). This meta-analysis is the first study documenting that fibroblast activities, as quantified by circulating endotrophin, are independently associated with mortality across a broad range of NCCDs. This indicates that, irrespective of disease, interstitial tissue remodeling, and consequently fibroblast activities, has a central role in adverse clinical outcomes, and should be considered with urgency from drug developers as a target to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - R Gisli Jenkins
- Imperial College London, 4615, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Toby M Maher
- Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, California, 90033
| | - Iain D Stewart
- Imperial College London, 4615, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- Imperial College London, 4615, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - William A Fahy
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise V Wain
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Carmel Nanthakumar
- Clinical Sciences (Respiratory), GSK Research & Development, GSKH, Brentford, UK
| | - Saher Burhan Shaker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | - Nils Hoyer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Medizinische Klinik B, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster University, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Paul Cockwell
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Jl Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas M Selby
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | | | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de investigacion biomedica en red enfermedades cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Núñez
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens Karsbøl Boisen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inna M Chen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lei Zhao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, New Jersey
| | | | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Henriksen K, Genovese F, Reese-Petersen A, Audoly LP, Sun K, Karsdal MA, Scherer PE. Endotrophin, a Key Marker and Driver for Fibroinflammatory Disease. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:361-378. [PMID: 38091968 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Our overview covers several key areas related to recent results obtained for collagen type VI and endotrophin (ETP). (1) An introduction to the history of ETP, including how it was identified, how it is released, and its function and potential receptors. (2) An introduction to the collagen family, with a focus on what differentiates collagen type VI from an evolutionary standpoint. (3) An overview of collagen type VI, the 6 individual chains (COL6A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6), their differences and similarities, as well as their expression profiles and function. (4) A detailed analysis of COL6A3, including the cleaved product endotrophin, and what separates it from the other 5 collagen 6 molecules, including its suggested function based on insights gained from knockout and gain of function mouse models. (5) The pathology of ETP. What leads to its presence and release and what are the consequences thereof? (6) Functional implications of circulating ETP. Here we review the data with the functional roles of ETP in mind. (7) We propose that ETP is a mediator for fibrotic (or fibroinflammatory) disorders. Based on what we know about ETP, we have to consider it as a target for the treatment of fibrotic (or fibroinflammatory) disorders. What segment(s) of the patient population would most dramatically respond to an ETP-targeted intervention? How can we find the population that would profit most from an intervention? We aim to present a broad overview over the ETP field at large, providing an assessment of where the future research efforts need to be placed to tap into the vast potential of ETP, both as a marker and as a target in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Henriksen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Federica Genovese
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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4
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Hang Nghiem-Rao T, Johnson JS, Pan A, Atkinson SN, Behling C, Simpson PM, Holtz ML, Weinstock GM, Schwimmer JB, Salzman NH. A serum-induced gene signature in hepatocytes is associated with pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:886-897. [PMID: 38390691 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing problem, but its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We used transcriptomic reporter cell assays to investigate differences in transcriptional signatures induced in hepatocyte reporter cells by the sera of children with and without NAFLD. METHODS We studied serum samples from 45 children with NAFLD and 28 children without NAFLD. The sera were used to induce gene expression in cultured HepaRG cells and RNA-sequencing was used to determine gene expression. Computational techniques were used to compare gene expression patterns. RESULTS Sera from children with NAFLD induced the expression of 195 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in hepatocytes compared to controls with obesity. NAFLD was associated with increased expression of genes promoting inflammation, collagen synthesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Additionally, there was lower expression of genes involved in endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism, and downregulation of peroxisome function, oxidative phosphorylation, and xenobiotic, bile acid, and fatty acid metabolism. A 13-gene signature, including upregulation of TREM1 and MMP1 and downregulation of CYP2C9, was consistently associated with all diagnostic categories of pediatric NAFLD. CONCLUSION The extracellular milieu of sera from children with NAFLD induced specific gene profiles distinguishable by a hepatocyte reporter system. Circulating factors may contribute to inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling and impair xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism in pediatric NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hang Nghiem-Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jethro S Johnson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Oxford Centre for Microbiome Studies, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samantha N Atkinson
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cynthia Behling
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sharp Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pippa M Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary L Holtz
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Schwimmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nita H Salzman
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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5
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An YA, Xiong W, Chen S, Bu D, Rutkowski JM, Berger JP, Kusminski CM, Zhang N, An Z, Scherer PE. Endotrophin neutralization through targeted antibody treatment protects from renal fibrosis in a podocyte ablation model. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101680. [PMID: 36696925 PMCID: PMC9918787 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal fibrosis is a hallmark for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and often leads to end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, limited interventions are available clinically to ameliorate or reverse renal fibrosis. METHODS Herein, we evaluated whether blockade of endotrophin through neutralizing antibodies protects from renal fibrosis in the podocyte insult model (the "POD-ATTAC" mouse). We determined the therapeutic effects of endotrophin targeted antibody through assessing renal function, renal inflammation and fibrosis at histological and transcriptional levels, and podocyte regeneration. RESULTS We demonstrated that neutralizing endotrophin antibody treatment significantly ameliorates renal fibrosis at the transcriptional, morphological, and functional levels. In the antibody treatment group, expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes was significantly reduced, normal renal structures were restored, collagen deposition was decreased, and proteinuria and renal function were improved. We further performed a lineage tracing study confirming that podocytes regenerate as de novo podocytes upon injury and loss, and blockade of endotrophin efficiently enhances podocyte-specific marker expressions. CONCLUSION Combined, we provide pre-clinical evidence supporting neutralizing endotrophin as a promising therapy for intervening with renal fibrosis in CKD, and potentially in other chronic fibro-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dawei Bu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Joel P Berger
- JP Berger Consulting, 580 Washington Street, #15C, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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6
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Sun K, Li X, Scherer PE. Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Fibrosis in Adipose Tissue: Overview and Perspectives. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4387-4407. [PMID: 36715281 PMCID: PMC9957663 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis in adipose tissue is a major driver of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation. It is characterized by an overaccumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) during unhealthy expansion of adipose tissue in response to over nutrition. In obese adipose-depots, hypoxia stimulates multiple pro-fibrotic signaling pathways in different cell populations, thereby inducing the overproduction of the ECM components, including collagens, noncollagenous proteins, and additional enzymatic components of ECM synthesis. As a consequence, local fibrosis develops. The result of fibrosis-induced mechanical stress not only triggers cell necrosis and inflammation locally in adipose tissue but also leads to system-wide lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the obesity-induced fibrosis will help design therapeutic approaches to reduce or reverse the pathological changes associated with obese adipose tissue. Here, we aim to summarize the major advances in the field, which include newly identified fibrotic factors, cell populations that contribute to the fibrosis in adipose tissue, as well as novel mechanisms underlying the development of fibrosis. We further discuss the potential therapeutic strategies to target fibrosis in adipose tissue for the treatment of obesity-linked metabolic diseases and cancer. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4387-4407, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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7
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Li G, Li X, Mahmud I, Ysaguirre J, Fekry B, Wang S, Wei B, Eckel-Mahan KL, Lorenzi PL, Lehner R, Sun K. Interfering with lipid metabolism through targeting CES1 sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma for chemotherapy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:163624. [PMID: 36472914 PMCID: PMC9977307 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common lethal form of liver cancer. Apart from surgical removal and transplantation, other treatments have not yet been well established for patients with HCC. In this study, we found that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is expressed at various levels in HCC. We further revealed that blockage of CES1 by pharmacological and genetical approaches leads to altered lipid profiles that are directly linked to impaired mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, lipidomic analyses indicated that lipid signaling molecules, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which activate PPARα/γ, were dramatically reduced upon CES1 inhibition. As a result, the expression of SCD, a PPARα/γ target gene involved in tumor progression and chemoresistance, was significantly downregulated. Clinical analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between the protein levels of CES1 and SCD in HCC. Interference with lipid signaling by targeting the CES1-PPARα/γ-SCD axis sensitized HCC cells to cisplatin treatment. As a result, the growth of HCC xenograft tumors in NU/J mice was potently slowed by coadministration of cisplatin and CES1 inhibition. Our results, thus, suggest that CES1 is a promising therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Metabolomic Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jazmin Ysaguirre
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Baharan Fekry
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bo Wei
- Metabolomic Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kristin L. Eckel-Mahan
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center-UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Metabolomic Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard Lehner
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center-UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Rasmussen DGK, Hansen MK, Blair J, Jatkoe TA, Neal B, Karsdal MA, Genovese F. Endotrophin is a risk marker of complications in CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS): a randomized controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:261. [PMID: 36443792 PMCID: PMC9706889 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced de-novo collagen type VI (COL VI) formation has been associated with kidney and cardiovascular fibrosis. We hypothesized that endotrophin (ETP), a product specifically generated during collagen type VI formation, may be prognostic for heart failure (HF), cardiovascular death (CVD), kidney endpoints, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We measured ETP in plasma (P-ETP) and urine (U-ETP) samples collected at baseline and follow-up (year 3) from the randomized controlled trial, CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS), by use of the PRO-C6 ELISA measuring COL VI formation and ETP. At baseline, plasma and urine samples were available for 3531 and 3423 patients, respectively. At year 3, plasma and urine samples were available for 2178 (61.7%) and 2070 (60.5%) patients, respectively Patients were followed for a median of 6.1 years, and endpoints included: incident HF, CVD, three kidney composite endpoints, and all-cause mortality. Backward selection was used to identify variables to be included in the analyses. Robustness of the association with outcome was assessed by bootstrap analyses. RESULTS In univariable analysis, P-ETP predicted all investigated outcomes (all p < 0.0001), remained independently associated with all outcomes after adjustment for conventional risk factors (all p < 0.004), and increased C-statistics of the models for the outcomes HF, CVD, HFCVD, all-cause mortality, and kidney composite 2 (ΔC ≥ 0.002). In bootstrap analysis, P-ETP was retained with a frequency ranging from 41.0 to 98.4% for all outcomes. Levels of U-ETP were associated with outcomes in univariable analysis, but associations with most outcomes were lost after adjustment for conventional risk factors. The increase in P-ETP over time was greater with increasing albuminuria stage (p < 0.0001) and was independently associated with the kidney endpoints (p < 0.03). In the placebo arm, the increase in P-ETP was prognostic for all-cause mortality (HR [95% CI]; 1.14 [1.05-1.23], p = 0.003). Whereas levels of P-ETP were not impacted by treatment, levels of U-ETP significantly increased with canagliflozin treatment. CONCLUSIONS P-ETP generated during COL VI formation predicts cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. As ETP identifies patients at increased risk of experiencing relevant outcomes, it may be used for patient enrichment in future clinical trials. Trial Registry Number (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier): NCT01032629.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael K. Hansen
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Raritan, PA USA
| | - Joseph Blair
- grid.436559.80000 0004 0410 881XNordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Timothy A. Jatkoe
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ USA
| | - Bruce Neal
- grid.415508.d0000 0001 1964 6010The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XThe Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Morten A. Karsdal
- grid.436559.80000 0004 0410 881XNordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Federica Genovese
- grid.436559.80000 0004 0410 881XNordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
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9
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Obesity-Associated ECM Remodeling in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225684. [PMID: 36428776 PMCID: PMC9688387 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an energy storage and endocrine organ, is emerging as an essential player for ECM remodeling. Fibrosis is one of the hallmarks of obese adipose tissue, featuring excessive ECM deposition and enhanced collagen alignment. A variety of ECM components and ECM-related enzymes are produced by adipocytes and myofibroblasts in obese adipose tissue. Data from lineage-tracing models and a single-cell analysis indicate that adipocytes can transform or de-differentiate into myofibroblast/fibroblast-like cells. This de-differentiation process has been observed under normal tissue development and pathological conditions such as cutaneous fibrosis, wound healing, and cancer development. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that adipocyte de-differentiation and myofibroblasts/fibroblasts play crucial roles in obesity-associated ECM remodeling and cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in obesity-related ECM remodeling, the mechanism underlying adipocyte de-differentiation, and the function of obesity-associated ECM remodeling in cancer progression.
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10
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Kim M, Lee C, Park J. Extracellular matrix remodeling facilitates obesity-associated cancer progression. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:825-834. [PMID: 35307288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a global public health concern, is an important risk factor for metabolic diseases and several cancers. Fibro-inflammation in adipose tissues (ATs) is tightly associated with the pathologies of obesity; excessive or uncontrolled extracellular matrix (ECM) production in AT has a crucial role in this pathogenesis. The ECM is a critical and functional component of various tissues, providing a mechanical and chemical network of proteins that controls cell survival, development, and tissue repair. The ECM is tightly regulated and dynamically remodeled; this is an important factor for AT expansion and can result in modifications to the physical shape and biological function of AT. Here, we focus on ECM remodeling in AT and how it affects obesity-related cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changhu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Das M, Webster NJG. Obesity, cancer risk, and time-restricted eating. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:697-717. [PMID: 35984550 PMCID: PMC9470651 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and the associated metabolic syndrome is considered a pandemic whose prevalence is steadily increasing in many countries worldwide. It is a complex, dynamic, and multifactorial disorder that presages the development of several metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, and increases the risk of cancer. In patients with newly diagnosed cancer, obesity worsens prognosis, increasing the risk of recurrence and decreasing survival. The multiple negative effects of obesity on cancer outcomes are substantial, and of great clinical importance. Strategies for weight control have potential utility for both prevention efforts and enhancing cancer outcomes. Presently, time-restricted eating (TRE) is a popular dietary intervention that involves limiting the consumption of calories to a specific window of time without any proscribed caloric restriction or alteration in dietary composition. As such, TRE is a sustainable long-term behavioral modification, when compared to other dietary interventions, and has shown many health benefits in animals and humans. The preliminary data regarding the effects of time-restricted feeding on cancer development and growth in animal models are promising but studies in humans are lacking. Interestingly, several short-term randomized clinical trials of TRE have shown favorable effects to reduce cancer risk factors; however, long-term trials of TRE have yet to investigate reductions in cancer incidence or outcomes in the general population. Few studies have been conducted in cancer populations, but a number are underway to examine the effect of TRE on cancer biology and recurrence. Given the simplicity, feasibility, and favorable metabolic improvements elicited by TRE in obese men and women, TRE may be useful in obese cancer patients and cancer survivors; however, the clinical implementation of TRE in the cancer setting will require greater in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Das
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
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12
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Jo W, Kim M, Oh J, Kim CS, Park C, Yoon S, Lee C, Kim S, Nam D, Park J. MicroRNA-29 Ameliorates Fibro-Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in HIF1α-Deficient Obese Adipose Tissue by Inhibiting Endotrophin Generation. Diabetes 2022; 71:1746-1762. [PMID: 35167651 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of extracellular matrix proteins in obese adipose tissue (AT) induces systemic insulin resistance. The metabolic roles of type VI collagen and its cleavage peptide endotrophin in obese AT are well established. However, the mechanisms regulating endotrophin generation remain elusive. Herein, we identified that several endotrophin-containing peptides (pre-endotrophins) were generated from the COL6A3 chain in a stepwise manner for the efficient production of mature endotrophin, partly through the action of hypoxia-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP2, MMP9, and MMP16. Hypoxia is an upstream regulator of COL6A3 expression and the proteolytic processing that regulates endotrophin generation. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and the hypoxia-associated suppression of microRNA-29 (miR-29) cooperatively control the levels of COL6A3 and MMPs, which are responsible for endotrophin generation in hypoxic ATs. Adipocyte-specific Hif1α knock-out (APN-HIF1αKO) mice fed a chronic high-fat diet exhibited the significant amelioration of both local fibro-inflammation in AT and systemic insulin resistance compared with their control littermates, partly through the inhibition of endotrophin generation. Strikingly, adenovirus-mediated miR-29 overexpression in the ATs of APN-HIF1αKO mice in obesity significantly decreased endotrophin levels, suggesting that miR-29, combined with HIF1α inhibition in AT, could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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13
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Matrikines as mediators of tissue remodelling. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114240. [PMID: 35378216 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins confer biomechanical properties, maintain cell phenotype and mediate tissue repair (via release of sequestered cytokines and proteases). In contrast to intracellular proteomes, where proteins are monitored and replaced over short time periods, many ECM proteins function for years (decades in humans) without replacement. The longevity of abundant ECM proteins, such as collagen I and elastin, leaves them vulnerable to damage accumulation and their host organs prone to chronic, age-related diseases. However, ECM protein fragmentation can potentially produce peptide cytokines (matrikines) which may exacerbate and/or ameliorate age- and disease-related ECM remodelling. In this review, we discuss ECM composition, function and degradation and highlight examples of endogenous matrikines. We then critically and comprehensively analyse published studies of matrix-derived peptides used as topical skin treatments, before considering the potential for improvements in the discovery and delivery of novel matrix-derived peptides to skin and internal organs. From this, we conclude that while the translational impact of matrix-derived peptide therapeutics is evident, the mechanisms of action of these peptides are poorly defined. Further, well-designed, multimodal studies are required.
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14
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Stage-dependent expression of fibrogenic markers in alcohol-related liver disease. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 231:153798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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The Functional Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010238. [PMID: 35008401 PMCID: PMC8750014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly dynamic as it is constantly deposited, remodeled and degraded to maintain tissue homeostasis. ECM is a major structural component of the tumor microenvironment, and cancer development and progression require its extensive reorganization. Cancerized ECM is biochemically different in its composition and is stiffer compared to normal ECM. The abnormal ECM affects cancer progression by directly promoting cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. The restructured extracellular matrix and its degradation fragments (matrikines) also modulate the signaling cascades mediated by the interaction with cell-surface receptors, deregulate the stromal cell behavior and lead to emergence of an oncogenic microenvironment. Here, we summarize the current state of understanding how the composition and structure of ECM changes during cancer progression. We also describe the functional role of key proteins, especially tenascin C and fibronectin, and signaling molecules involved in the formation of the tumor microenvironment, as well as the signaling pathways that they activate in cancer cells.
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16
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Kerbert AJC, Gupta S, Alabsawy E, Dobler I, Lønsmann I, Hall A, Nielsen SH, Nielsen MJ, Gronbaek H, Amoros À, Yeung D, Macnaughtan J, Mookerjee RP, Macdonald S, Andreola F, Moreau R, Arroyo V, Angeli P, Leeming DJ, Treem W, Karsdal MA, Jalan R. Biomarkers of extracellular matrix formation are associated with acute-on-chronic liver failure. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2021; 3:100355. [PMID: 34805815 PMCID: PMC8581571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterised by organ failure(s), high short-term mortality, and, pathophysiologically, deranged inflammatory responses. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critically involved in regulating the inflammatory response. This study aimed to determine alterations in biomarkers of ECM turnover in ACLF and their association with inflammation, organ failures, and mortality. Methods We studied 283 patients with cirrhosis admitted for acute decompensation (AD) with or without ACLF, 64 patients with stable cirrhosis, and 30 healthy controls. A validation cohort (25 ACLF, 9 healthy controls) was included. Plasma PRO-C3, PRO-C4, PRO-C5, PRO-C6, and PRO-C8 (i.e. collagen type III–VI and VIII formation) and C4M and C6M (i.e. collagen type IV and VI degradation) were measured. Immunohistochemistry of PRO-C6 was performed on liver biopsies (AD [n = 7], ACLF [n = 5]). A competing-risk regression analysis was performed to explore the prognostic value of biomarkers of ECM turnover with 28- and 90-day mortality. Results PRO-C3 and PRO-C6 were increased in ACLF compared to AD (p = 0.089 and p <0.001, respectively), whereas collagen degradation markers C4M and C6M were similar. Both PRO-C3 and PRO-C6 were strongly associated with liver function and inflammatory markers. Only PRO-C6 was associated with extrahepatic organ failures and 28- and 90-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR; on log-scale] 6.168, 95% CI 2.366–16.080, p <0.001, and 3.495, 95% CI 1.509–8.093, p = 0.003, respectively). These findings were consistent in the validation cohort. High PRO-C6 expression was observed in liver biopsies of patients with ACLF. Conclusions This study shows, for the first time, evidence of severe net interstitial collagen deposition in ACLF and makes the novel observation of the association between PRO-C6 and (extrahepatic) organ failures and mortality. Further studies are needed to define the pathogenic significance of these observations. Lay summary This study describes a disrupted turnover of collagen type III and VI in Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Plasma biomarkers of these collagens (PRO-C3 and PRO-C6) are associated with the severity of liver dysfunction and inflammation. PRO-C6, also known as the hormone endotrophin, has also been found to be associated with multi-organ failure and prognosis in acute decompensation and ACLF. Collagen type III and VI formation is increased in ACLF compared to AD. PRO-C3 and PRO-C6 correlate with the severity of liver dysfunction and inflammation in AD and ACLF. High PRO-C6 levels were found to be indicative for the presence of multi-organ failure and worse survival.
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Key Words
- ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure
- AD, acute decompensation
- CLIF-C ACLF, CLIF Consortium Acute-on-Chronic Liver
- CLIF-C AD, CLIF Consortium Acute Decompensation
- CLIF-C OF, CLIF Consortium Organ Failure
- CPE, concordance probability estimate
- Collagen
- DAMP, danger-associated molecular pattern
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HC, healthy control
- HR, hazard ratio
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- INR, international normalised ratio
- K18, keratin 18
- Liver cirrhosis
- MELD, model for end-stage liver disease
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- Multi-organ failure
- NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
- NIS, noninterventional Study
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- Prognosis
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- SC, stable cirrhosis
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- UCL, University College London
- UCLH, University College London Hospitals
- WCC, white cell count
- cK18, caspase-cleaved keratin 18
- α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarein J C Kerbert
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Translational and Biomarker Research, GI-DDU, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eman Alabsawy
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iwona Dobler
- Statistical and Quantitative Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ida Lønsmann
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Andrew Hall
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Signe Holm Nielsen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Henning Gronbaek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Àlex Amoros
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dave Yeung
- Translational and Biomarker Research, GI-DDU, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jane Macnaughtan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Rajeshwar P Mookerjee
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stewart Macdonald
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Fausto Andreola
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Richard Moreau
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain.,Inserm and Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - William Treem
- Clinical Science, GI-TAU, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Rajiv Jalan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
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17
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Karsdal MA, Genovese F, Rasmussen DGK, Bay-Jensen AC, Mortensen JH, Holm Nielsen S, Willumsen N, Jensen C, Manon-Jensen T, Jennings L, Reese-Petersen AL, Henriksen K, Sand JM, Bager C, Leeming DJ. Considerations for understanding protein measurements: Identification of formation, degradation and more pathological relevant epitopes. Clin Biochem 2021; 97:11-24. [PMID: 34453894 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a need for precision medicine and an unspoken promise of an optimal approach for identification of the right patients for value-based medicine based on big data. However, there may be a misconception that measurement of proteins is more valuable than measurement of fewer selected biomarkers. In population-based research, variation may be somewhat eliminated by quantity. However, this fascination of numbers may limit the attention to and understanding of the single. This review highlights that protein measurements (with collagens as examples) may mean different things depending on the targeted epitope - formation or degradation of tissues, and even signaling potential of proteins. DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed was searched for collagen, neo-epitope, biomarkers. RESULTS Ample examples of assays with specific epitopes, either pathological such as HbA1c, or domain specific such as pro-peptides, which total protein arrays would not have identified were evident. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that big data may be considered as the funnel of data points, in which most important parameters will be selected. If the technical precision is low or the biological accuracy is limited, and we include suboptimal quality of biomarkers, disguised as big data, we may not be able to fulfill the promise of helping patients searching for the optimal treatment. Alternatively, if the technical precision of the total protein quantification is high, but we miss the functional domains with the most considerable biological meaning, we miss the most important and valuable information of a given protein. This review highlights that measurements of the same protein in different ways may provide completely different meanings. We need to understand the pathological importance of each epitope quantified to maximize protein measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - F Genovese
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - D G K Rasmussen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A C Bay-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J H Mortensen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S Holm Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - N Willumsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - C Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - T Manon-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - K Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J M Sand
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - C Bager
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - D J Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
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18
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Scherer PE, Gupta OT. Endotrophin: Nominated for best supporting actor in the fibro-inflammatory saga. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103447. [PMID: 34153872 PMCID: PMC8220587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olga T Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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19
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Williams L, Layton T, Yang N, Feldmann M, Nanchahal J. Collagen VI as a driver and disease biomarker in human fibrosis. FEBS J 2021; 289:3603-3629. [PMID: 34109754 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis of visceral organs such as the lungs, heart, kidneys and liver remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is also associated with many other disorders, including cancer and metabolic disease. In this review, we focus upon the microfibrillar collagen VI, which is present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of most tissues. However, expression is elevated in numerous fibrotic conditions, such as idiopathic pulmonary disease (IPF), and chronic liver and kidney diseases. Collagen VI is composed of three subunits α1, α2 and α3, which can be replaced with alternate chains of α4, α5 or α6. The C-terminal globular domain (C5) of collagen VI α3 can be proteolytically cleaved to form a biologically active fragment termed endotrophin, which has been shown to actively drive fibrosis, inflammation and insulin resistance. Tissue biopsies have long been considered the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring of progression of fibrotic disease. The identification of neoantigens from enzymatically processed collagen chains have revolutionised the biomarker field, allowing rapid diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis of numerous fibrotic conditions, as well as providing valuable clinical trial endpoint determinants. Collagen VI chain fragments such as endotrophin (PRO-C6), C6M and C6Mα3 are emerging as important biomarkers for fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Layton
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Nan Yang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jagdeep Nanchahal
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
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20
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Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD, Piperigkou Z, Manou D, Passi A, Skandalis SS, Vynios DH, Orian-Rousseau V, Ricard-Blum S, Schmelzer CEH, Duca L, Durbeej M, Afratis NA, Troeberg L, Franchi M, Masola V, Onisto M. A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix. FEBS J 2021; 288:6850-6912. [PMID: 33605520 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly demonstrated over the last decade that ECM plays key regulatory roles since it orchestrates cell signaling, functions, properties and morphology. Extracellularly secreted as well as cell-bound factors are among the major members of the ECM family. Proteins/glycoproteins, such as collagens, elastin, laminins and tenascins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, and their cell receptors such as CD44 and integrins, responsible for cell adhesion, comprise a well-organized functional network with significant roles in health and disease. On the other hand, enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and specific glycosidases including heparanase and hyaluronidases contribute to matrix remodeling and affect human health. Several cell processes and functions, among them cell proliferation and survival, migration, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and immunity regulation are affected by certain matrix components. Structural alterations have been also well associated with disease progression. This guide on the composition and functions of the ECM gives a broad overview of the matrisome, the major ECM macromolecules, and their interaction networks within the ECM and with the cell surface, summarizes their main structural features and their roles in tissue organization and cell functions, and emphasizes the importance of specific ECM constituents in disease development and progression as well as the advances in molecular targeting of ECM to design new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems- Functional Molecular Systems, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University of Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2: Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich, UK
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Study, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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Guney G, Taskin MI, Baykan O, Adali E, Gul Tezcan S, Sarikaya S, Kaya C, Tolu E. Endotrophin as a novel marker in PCOS and its relation with other adipokines and metabolic parameters: a pilot study. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2021; 12:20420188211049607. [PMID: 34659735 PMCID: PMC8511906 DOI: 10.1177/20420188211049607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome is known to be the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. Current evidence shows that regulatory proteins secreted from the adipose tissue called adipokines may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome. We planned to investigate the role of endotrophin that has never been researched in polycystic ovary syndrome before and its correlation with other metabolic parameters and adipokines such as adiponectin and ghrelin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. METHODS Forty-three women (n: 43) with polycystic ovary syndrome and 43 (n: 43) women as a control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum levels of endotrophin, adiponectin, and ghrelin levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol levels, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, total testosterone, and triglyceride levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index, body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, and waist-to-hip ratio were also evaluated. RESULTS Total testosterone, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and triglyceride levels were higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (p < 0.01). No difference was detected between the groups in terms of body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels (p > 0.05). We did not observe any significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels between the groups (p > 0.05). Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher endotrophin levels (p < 0.01). According to our regression analyses [area under the curve: 0.973 (0.935-1.000), 95% confidence interval, 95.2% sensitivity, and 100% specificity], it was shown that endotrophin greater than 92 ng/ml and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance greater than 2.5 might be good predictors for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that endotrophin level is higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and may have predicted polycystic ovary syndrome with increased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index. There was no significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome group. Endotrophin may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome etiology rather than other adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mine Islimye Taskin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and
Infertility, Medical Faculty, Balikesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Baykan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty,
Balikesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ertan Adali
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and
Infertility, Medical Faculty, Balikesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Selin Gul Tezcan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and
Infertility, Medical Faculty, Balikesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Sarikaya
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and
Infertility, Medical Faculty, Balikesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Cihan Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Acibadem Bakirkoy Hospital, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University,
Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Ezgi Tolu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and
Infertility, Medical Faculty, Balikesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
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