1
|
Ahern MM, Stinson EJ, Piaggi P, Krakoff J, Votruba SB. Secular trends and determinants of ad libitum energy intake measured in a research setting from 1999-2020. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1374386. [PMID: 38933891 PMCID: PMC11199544 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1374386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Historically, secular and seasonal trend analyses have been examined using self-report measures of intake. Rarely are objective measures and known determinants of dietary intake used in these analyses. Our objective was to quantify the seasonal and secular differences in an objective ad libitum intake paradigm while considering the contribution of determinants, such as fat-free mass (FFM) index and spontaneous physical activity (SPA) limited to the restricted space of a whole-room calorimeter. Methods For this study, recruitment of N = 292 healthy, diabetes free, adults occurred from 1999 to 2020. Assessment during their 10-day stay included body composition (by DXA), SPA (by an approximately 24-h stay in whole-room calorimetry), and ad libitum intake (by a vending machine for 3 days). This secondary analysis used general linear models (GLM) to investigate secular and seasonal differences while adjusting for sex, age, FFM index, FM (fat mass) index, SPA, and race/ethnicity. Results FFM index and SPA were positively associated with all intake measures (p < 0.05). In all adjusted seasonal models, season did not affect intake. Adjusted secular trends models (kcals/year) demonstrated a decrease in total kcals (β = -55), intake as percent weight maintaining energy needs (β = -2), protein kcals (β = -10), fat kcals (β = -27), and carbohydrates kcals (β = -22) (all p < 0.05). After further adjustment for SPA, significance remained in all intake measures (p < 0.05). Secular trends in body composition revealed no changes in weight, BMI, and percent body fat (all p > 0.20). Discussion Our results indicate that over time, ad libitum intake decreased in this controlled research setting and remained significant even after accounting for positive determinants of intake. A significant ad libitum decrease, coupled with no change in body composition, may highlight a participant bias toward calorie restriction in a controlled setting over time and deserves further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susanne B. Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seto H, Toki H, Kitora S, Oyama A, Yamamoto R. Seasonal variations of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its markers using big-data of health check-ups. Environ Health Prev Med 2024; 29:2. [PMID: 38246652 PMCID: PMC10808004 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is crucial to understand the seasonal variation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) for the detection and management of MetS. Previous studies have demonstrated the seasonal variations in MetS prevalence and its markers, but their methods are not robust. To clarify the concrete seasonal variations in the MetS prevalence and its markers, we utilized a powerful method called Seasonal Trend Decomposition Procedure based on LOESS (STL) and a big dataset of health checkups. METHODS A total of 1,819,214 records of health checkups (759,839 records for men and 1,059,375 records for women) between April 2012 and December 2017 were included in this study. We examined the seasonal variations in the MetS prevalence and its markers using 5 years and 9 months health checkup data and STL analysis. MetS markers consisted of waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG). RESULTS We found that the MetS prevalence was high in winter and somewhat high in August. Among men, MetS prevalence was 2.64 ± 0.42 (mean ± SD) % higher in the highest month (January) than in the lowest month (June). Among women, MetS prevalence was 0.53 ± 0.24% higher in the highest month (January) than in the lowest month (June). Additionally, SBP, DBP, and HDL-C exhibited simple variations, being higher in winter and lower in summer, while WC, TG, and FPG displayed more complex variations. CONCLUSIONS This finding, complex seasonal variations of MetS prevalence, WC, TG, and FPG, could not be derived from previous studies using just the mean values in spring, summer, autumn and winter or the cosinor analysis. More attention should be paid to factors affecting seasonal variations of central obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Seto
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Toki
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shuji Kitora
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Asuka Oyama
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0043, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdulan IM, Popescu G, Maștaleru A, Oancea A, Costache AD, Cojocaru DC, Cumpăt CM, Ciuntu BM, Rusu B, Leon MM. Winter Holidays and Their Impact on Eating Behavior-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4201. [PMID: 37836485 PMCID: PMC10574044 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There has been a growing interest in understanding the causes of obesity and developing effective prevention strategies. Lifestyle change programs are often considered the gold standard for weight reduction, and they can help individuals with obesity achieve an annual weight loss of around 8-10%. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of food during the winter holidays. This knowledge will serve as a valuable foundation for the development of targeted interventions and prevention programs. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature via one database (PubMed). The search was limited to studies published in English in the last 10 years, with adult participants, but without specifying limits regarding the study design. We excluded articles that addressed intermittent fasting diets or weight loss intervention methods during the holidays through various diets. (3) In separate sections, we analyzed the psychological causes of gaining weight during the winter holidays, behavioral patterns, prevention strategies and the nutritional composition of the different types of food served during the festive period. Results: Using the combination of the terms "holiday and obesity", "holiday and weight gain", "festive season and obesity", and "festive season and weight gain" we obtained 216 results involving the addressed topic. Thus, only ten articles remained after screening, with a total of 4627 participants. Most participants experienced weight fluctuations during the study period, particularly during holidays. One concerning observation was that most of the weight gained during these periods was maintained even after the end of the studies, especially in those with obesity. A supervised exercise program and a controlled diet at work over the Christmas period are effective strategies for avoiding weight gain and its deleterious effects in people with metabolic syndrome or weight problems. (4) In addition, attention must be focused on the psycho-social factors during the holidays because for some people it is a stressful period and can cause a much higher caloric consumption. The simplest method to approach during the holidays is to implement small tips and tricks during this period that will prevent individuals from gaining extra pounds. Conclusions: It is essential to acknowledge that obesity is a multifaceted condition that requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to address its underlying factors and provide ongoing assistance to individuals in their weight-management endeavors. Even the most effective short-term interventions are likely to produce continued positive outcomes with persistent intervention and support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Mihaela Abdulan
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.A.); (A.D.C.); (D.-C.C.); (C.-M.C.); (M.M.L.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania;
| | | | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.A.); (A.D.C.); (D.-C.C.); (C.-M.C.); (M.M.L.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Andra Oancea
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.A.); (A.D.C.); (D.-C.C.); (C.-M.C.); (M.M.L.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Dan Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.A.); (A.D.C.); (D.-C.C.); (C.-M.C.); (M.M.L.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Doina-Clementina Cojocaru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.A.); (A.D.C.); (D.-C.C.); (C.-M.C.); (M.M.L.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Carmen-Marinela Cumpăt
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.A.); (A.D.C.); (D.-C.C.); (C.-M.C.); (M.M.L.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Mihnea Ciuntu
- Department of General Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Rusu
- Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.A.); (A.D.C.); (D.-C.C.); (C.-M.C.); (M.M.L.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Belsare P, Bartolome A, Stanger C, Prioleau T. Understanding temporal changes and seasonal variations in glycemic trends using wearable data. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2132. [PMID: 37738344 PMCID: PMC10516495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in glycemic trends remain largely unstudied despite the growing prevalence of diabetes. To address this gap, our objective is to investigate temporal changes in glycemic trends by analyzing intensively sampled blood glucose data from 137 patients (ages 2 to 76, primarily type 1 diabetes) over the course of 9 months to 4.5 years. From over 91,000 days of continuous glucose monitor data, we found that glycemic control decreases significantly around the holidays, with the largest decline observed on New Year's Day among the patients with already poor glycemic control (i.e., <55% time in the target range). We also observed seasonal variations in glycemic trends, with patients having worse glycemic control in the months of November to February (i.e., mid-fall and winter, in the United States), and better control in the months of April to August (i.e., mid-spring and summer). These insights are critical to inform targeted interventions that can improve diabetes outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Belsare
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Abigail Bartolome
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fujihira K, Takahashi M, Wang C, Hayashi N. Factors explaining seasonal variation in energy intake: a review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1192223. [PMID: 37545581 PMCID: PMC10400769 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1192223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a balance between energy intake and expenditure is crucial for overall health. There are seasonal variations in energy intake, with an increase during spring and winter as well as a decrease during summer. These variations are related to a combination of environmental factors, including changes in temperature and daylight hours; social factors, including events and holidays; and physiological factors, including changes in physical activity and emotions. Accordingly, this review aimed to summarize the environmental, social, and physiological factors that contribute to seasonal variations in energy intake. A review of the current literature revealed that changes in temperature and daylight hours may affect eating behavior by altering homeostatic responses and appetite-related hormones. Additionally, increased participation in events and frequency of eating out, especially during winter vacations, may contribute to increased energy intake. Notably, these findings may not be generalisable to all populations since environmental and social factors can vary significantly depending on the local climatic zones and cultural backgrounds. The findings of the present review indicate that seasonal climate, events, and associated hormonal changes should be taken into account in order to maintain adequate energy intake throughout the year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Fujihira
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chunyi Wang
- Department of Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hayashi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nilles EK, Champon X, Mulder H, Shaw KM, Smith M, Lampron ZM, Wozniak G, Chamberlain AM, Carton T, Viera AJ, Ahmad FS, Steinberg BA, Chuang CH, Mctigue KM, McClay JC, Polonsky TS, Maeztu C, Sanders M, Warren N, Singh R, Liu M, VanWormer JJ, Park S, Modrow MF, Rakotz M, Cooper-Dehoff RM, Pletcher MJ, O'Brien EC. Seasonal variation in blood pressure control across US health systems. J Hypertens 2023; 41:751-758. [PMID: 36883471 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize seasonal variation in US population-based blood pressure (BP) control and BP-related metrics and evaluate the association between outdoor temperature and BP control variation. METHODS We queried electronic health records (EHRs) from 26 health systems, representing 21 states, to summarize BP metrics by quarters of 12-month periods from January 2017 to March 2020. Patients with at least one ambulatory visit during the measurement period and a hypertension diagnosis during the first 6 months or prior to the measurement period were included. Changes in BP control, BP improvement, medication intensification, average SBP reduction after medication intensification across quarters and association with outdoor temperature were analyzed using weighted generalized linear models with repeated measures. RESULTS Among 1 818 041 people with hypertension, the majority were more than 65 years of age (52.2%), female (52.1%), white non-Hispanic (69.8%) and had stage 1/2 hypertension (64.8%). Overall, BP control and process metrics were highest in quarters 2 and 3, and lowest in quarters 1 and 4. Quarter 2 had the highest percentage of improved BP (31.95 ± 0.90%) and average SBP reduction after medication intensification (16 ± 0.23 mmHg). Quarter 3 had the highest percentage of BP controlled (62.25 ± 2.55%) and lowest with medication intensification (9.73 ± 0.60%). Results were largely consistent in adjusted models. Average temperature was associated with BP control metrics in unadjusted models, but associations were attenuated following adjustment. CONCLUSION In this large, national, EHR-based study, BP control and BP-related process metrics improved during spring/summer months, but outdoor temperature was not associated with performance following adjustment for potential confounders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Kim Nilles
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - XiaoXia Champon
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hillary Mulder
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn M Shaw
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Myra Smith
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Zachary M Lampron
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Alanna M Chamberlain
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas Carton
- Louisiana Public Health Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Anthony J Viera
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Faraz S Ahmad
- Departments of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Kathleen M Mctigue
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Tamar S Polonsky
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carlos Maeztu
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Margaret Sanders
- Louisiana Public Health Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | | - Mei Liu
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeffrey J VanWormer
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Soo Park
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Rhonda M Cooper-Dehoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark J Pletcher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily C O'Brien
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferguson T, Curtis R, Fraysse F, Olds T, Dumuid D, Brown W, Esterman A, Maher C. How do 24-h movement behaviours change during and after vacation? A cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:24. [PMID: 36859292 PMCID: PMC9976678 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For adults, vacations represent a break from daily responsibilities of work - offering the opportunity to re-distribute time between sleep, sedentary behaviour, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) across the 24-h day. To date, there has been minimal research into how activity behaviour patterns change on vacation, and whether any changes linger after the vacation. This study examined how daily movement behaviours change from before, to during and after vacations, and whether these varied based on the type of vacation and vacation duration. METHODS Data collected during the Annual Rhythms In Adults' lifestyle and health (ARIA) study were used. 308 adults (mean age 40.4 years, SD 5.6) wore Fitbit Charge 3 fitness trackers 24 h a day for 13 months. Minute-by-minute movement behaviour data were aggregated into daily totals. Multi-level mixed-effects linear regressions were used to compare movement behaviours during and post-vacation (4 weeks) to pre-vacation levels (14 days), and to examine the associations with vacation type and duration. RESULTS Participants took an average of 2.6 (SD = 1.7) vacations of 12 (SD = 14) days' (N = 9778 days) duration. The most common vacation type was outdoor recreation (35%) followed by family/social events (31%), rest (17%) and non-leisure (17%). Daily sleep, LPA and MVPA all increased (+ 21 min [95% CI = 19,24] p < 0.001, + 3 min [95% CI = 0.4,5] p < 0.02, and + 5 min [95% CI = 3,6] p < 0.001 respectively) and sedentary behaviour decreased (-29 min [95% CI = -32,-25] p < 0.001) during vacation. Post-vacation, sleep remained elevated for two weeks; MVPA returned to pre-vacation levels; and LPA and sedentary behaviour over-corrected, with LPA significantly lower for 4 weeks, and sedentary behaviour significantly higher for one week. The largest changes were seen for "rest" and "outdoor" vacations. The magnitude of changes was smallest for short vacations (< 3 days). CONCLUSIONS Vacations are associated with favourable changes in daily movement behaviours. These data provide preliminary evidence of the health benefits of vacations. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12619001430123).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ty Ferguson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) of the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Rachel Curtis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) of the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Francois Fraysse
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) of the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) of the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) of the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wendy Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences of the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian Esterman
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) of the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) of the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Christmas and New Year “Dietary Titbits” and Perspectives from Chronobiology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153177. [PMID: 35956352 PMCID: PMC9370396 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A historical Christmas card connecting two pioneers of modern chronobiology (Colin Pittendrigh and Jürgen Aschoff) brings together key evolutionary facets of the field at Christmas time. The importance of the field to physiology and medicine is conveyed by the Nobel Prize award in 2017 for discoveries of how body clocks facilitate the temporal organization of physiology across days and nights. Temporal organization can have relevance for dietary Christmas excesses and dietary New Year resolutions. Herein, we examine how diet around Christmas and New Year has been targeted in human health research and we examine published opinion on dietary practice concerning Christmas and New Year using a systematized literature review approach. Thereafter, via a selective literature synthesis regarding time-restricted eating, we explore the chronobiological notion that “when” we eat and drink may make differences in terms of whether we experience weight gain and adverse health effects during and after the festive days. Overall, current Christmas eating is typically detrimental to health in terms of “how much” we consume of “what”. Regarding New Year’s goal-setting, chronobiology-based advice could be considered insofar as “when” we eat may be a healthier and more sustainable nutritional habit alternative. While we need further studies in humans, individual and public health may benefit during and after Christmas by adhering to plausible principles of chrononutrition. That detrimental nutritional excesses over Christmas may encourage individuals to tackle their eating habits should not be left untapped.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pharmacological Management of Obesity: A Century of Expert Opinions in Cecil Textbook of Medicine. Am J Ther 2022; 29:e410-e424. [PMID: 35687055 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovations in drug therapy for obesity have had a limited impact on the body mass index, prevalence of medical complications, quality of life, and work potential of a substantial majority of affected persons. STUDY QUESTION What are the milestones of the changes in the expert approach to the pharmacological management of obesity in the past century? STUDY DESIGN To determine the changes in the experts' approach to the management of obesity, as presented in a widely used textbook in the United States. DATA SOURCES The primary sources were chapters describing the management of obesity in the 26 editions of Cecil Textbook of Medicine published from 1927 through 2020. Secondary sources were publications retrieved from Medline that clarified technical issues related to the development, regulatory approval, and use of the drugs mentioned in the Cecil Textbook of Medicine. RESULTS Pharmacological interventions aimed at increasing caloric expenditures through thermogenesis were recommended from 1927 through 1943. Thyroid extracts were prescribed even in the absence of demonstrated hypothyroidism or decreased basal metabolic rate throughout this period. Dinitrophenol was mentioned in 1937, but was banned soon thereafter. Appetite suppression with amphetamine was considered useful from 1943 through 1988, after which the drug was replaced with other centrally acting molecules, such as fenfluramine in 1988, sibutramine in 2000, and rimonabant in 2008, which were in turn withdrawn because of major adverse effects. In the past decade, obesity has been treated with the appetite suppressants phentermine-topiramate, bupropion-naltrexone, lorcaserin, and liraglutide, and with orlistat, a drug promoting fat malabsorption. The change in weight produced by these drugs is generally modest and transient. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological management of obesity has remained frustratingly inefficient. The reasons for the relative lack of success may reside in the ever-growing access to dense, palatable, and relatively inexpensive food, coupled with the decrease in energy expenditure created by a sedentary lifestyle.
Collapse
|
10
|
Investigation of the Relationship Between Athletes' Anxiety About Catching Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Their Attitudes Towards Nutrition. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1072746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
11
|
Onal HY, Bayram B, Yuksel A. Factors associated with the weight change trend in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Turkey. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:S53-S69. [PMID: 34909133 PMCID: PMC8636394 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.s1.s53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To determine the weight change trend among the adult Turkish population after 1 yr of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and factors associated with weight change. MATERIALS/METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between 26 February and 6 March 2021 using an online questionnaire that included questions for sociodemographic variables, eating habits, stress level, and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Those who weighed themselves 1-2 weeks before the pandemic was declared in Turkey and remembered their weight were invited to participate in the study. Trends in weight and body mass index (BMI) change were calculated. The variables associated with a 1% change in BMI were assessed using hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS The study was conducted with 1,630 adults (70.25% female) with a mean age of 32.09 (11.62) yrs. The trend of weight change was found to increase by an average of 1.15 ± 6.10 kg (female +0.72 ± 5.51, male +2.16 ± 7.22 kg) for the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate of participants with a normal BMI (18.50-24.99 kg/m2) decreased to 51.91% from 55.75%. Consuming an "Increased amount of food compared to before the pandemic" was found to be the independent variable that had the strongest association with a 1% increase in BMI (β = 0.23 P < 0.001). The average change in the BMI was higher in older individuals than in those who were younger. A high stress level was associated with a decrease in BMI (β = -0.04 P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the factors associated with weight change after 1 yr of the pandemic in the Turkish population was reported for the first time. A high stress level and increased weight gain trend still occur in Turkey after 1 yr of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Yilmaz Onal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Istanbul Atlas, Istanbul 34408, Turkey
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Aysun Yuksel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bhutani S, vanDellen MR, Haskins LB, Cooper JA. Energy Balance-Related Behavior Risk Pattern and Its Correlates During COVID-19 Related Home Confinement. Front Nutr 2021; 8:680105. [PMID: 34169088 PMCID: PMC8217605 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.680105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reported weight gain during the COVID-19 shelter-at-home has raised concerns for weight increases as the pandemic continues. We aimed to investigate the relationship of psychological and health markers with energy balance-related behaviors during the pandemic-related extended home confinement. Ratings for stress, boredom, cravings, sleep, self-control, and beliefs about weight control were collected from 1,609 adults using a questionnaire between April 24th-May 4th, 2020, while COVID-19 associated shelter-in-place guidelines were instituted across the US. We calculated four energy balance behavior scores (physical activity risk index, unhealthy eating risk index, healthy eating risk index, sedentary behavior index), and conducted a latent profile analysis of the risk factors. We examined psychological and health correlates of these risk patterns. Boredom, cravings for sweet/savory foods, and high sleepiness ratings related to high risk of increasing unhealthy eating and sedentary behavior and decreasing physical activity and healthy eating. Having greater self-control, control over cravings, or positive mood was related to lowering all aspects of energy intake and energy expenditure risks. Although individuals in risk pattern classes showed similarity in physical activity and healthy/unhealthy eating habits, they exhibited different patterns of positive mood, craving control, food cravings, boredom, and self-control. Psychological and health variables may have a significant role to play in risk behaviors associated with weight gain during the COVID-19 related home confinement. Emerging behavioral patterns may be meaningful in developing targeted weight management interventions during the current pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Bhutani
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - LeeAnn B. Haskins
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jamie A. Cooper
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhutani S, vanDellen MR, Cooper JA. Longitudinal Weight Gain and Related Risk Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adults in the US. Nutrients 2021; 13:671. [PMID: 33669622 PMCID: PMC7922943 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional analyses have shown increased obesogenic behaviors and a potential for weight gain during COVID-19 related peak-lockdown (March-May 2020), but longitudinal data are lacking. This study assessed longitudinal changes in body weight and lifestyle behaviors in the US adults during the pandemic. METHODS We used Qualtrics survey to collect self-reported data on body weight, dietary, physical activity, and psychological variables (n = 727) during the peak-lockdown (April/May) and at post-lockdown (September/October). Peak-lockdown weight data were categorized based on the magnitude of weight gained, maintained, or lost, and behavioral differences were examined between categories at two time points. RESULTS Body weight increased (+0.62 kg; p < 0.05) at the post-lockdown period. The body mass index also increased (26.38 ± 5.98 kg/m2 vs. 26.12 ± 5.81 kg/m2; p < 0.01) at the post-lockdown period vs. peak-lockdown period. Close to 40% of participants reported gaining either 1-4 lbs or >5 lbs of body weight during the peak-lockdown, while 18.2% lost weight. Weight-gainers engaged in riskier dietary behaviors such as frequent ultra-processed food intake (p < 0.01) and snacking (p < 0.001), were less active, and reported high stress and less craving control during peak-lockdown. Of those gaining >5 lbs, 33% continued to gain weight after the lockdown eased, while 28% maintain higher body weight. In weight-gainers, takeout meal frequency increased, and high ultra-processed food intake and stress, and low craving control continued to persist after the lockdown eased. CONCLUSION We show that the COVID-19 lockdown periods disrupted weight management among many Americans and that associated health effects are likely to persist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Bhutani
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, ENS Building, Room 302 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | | | - Jamie A. Cooper
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
"Stay-at-Home" Lifestyle Effect on Weight Gain during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041813. [PMID: 33673375 PMCID: PMC7918476 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In February 2020, a novel coronavirus (SARS-COV2) broke out in Wuhan city of China. The Chinese government decisively imposed nationwide confinement. This study comprised a structured, online questionnaire, based on 40 items inquiring about socio-demographic information and anthropometric data (reporting weight and height), as well as changes in food intake, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 outbreak. Questionnaires were distributed to residents of Jiangsu and other provinces from 29 March to 5 April. A total of 889 respondents were included, aged between 16 and 70 years (61% females). There was a significant increase in total food intake by 9.8% and a slight increase by 29.2% of respondents, and a significant decrease in physical activity by 31.5% and a slight decrease by 23.4% of respondents, especially in snacks and drinks, and outdoor activities. The rate of weight gain in the total population was 30.6% and the average weight gain was 0.5 ± 2.8 kg. The main factors contributing to weight gain were increased food intake and reduced physical activity. Additionally, normal-weight people were more likely to gain weight than people with overweight/obesity during the COVID-19 confinement. This study provided a good warning and educational reference value on lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 confinement.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhutani S, Cooper JA. COVID-19-Related Home Confinement in Adults: Weight Gain Risks and Opportunities. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1576-1577. [PMID: 32428295 PMCID: PMC7276847 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Bhutani
- School of Exercise and Nutritional SciencesSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jamie A. Cooper
- Department of Foods and NutritionUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of a Single Nutritional Intervention Previous to a Critical Period of Fat Gain in University Students with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145149. [PMID: 32708831 PMCID: PMC7400622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a single nutritional preventive session previous to a critical period linked to fat gain in university students with overweightness and obesity, emulating a nutritional session of a public health system. METHODS In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 23 students met all the criteria to be included (20.91 ± 2.52-year-old; 52.2% women) who were divided into two groups: intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). Fat mass (FM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), physical activity by accelerometry, feeding evaluation through three questionnaires, and a set of healthy lifestyle recommendations were evaluated before and after the national holidays (NH). RESULTS Our findings showed that FM increased significantly in the CG, but not in the IG (CG = 428.1 g; IG = 321.9 g; Δ = 106.2 g; p = 0.654 [95% CI = -379.57, 591.92]). However, no differences were found during the NH between them (Hedges' g effect size = 0.19; p = 0.654). In addition, no statistical differences were observed between groups in feeding evaluations, the set of recommendations performed, and physical activity. CONCLUSION a single preventive session before a critical period, using a similar counselling approach as used in the public health system, might not be enough to promote changes in eating and physical activity patterns and preventing fat gain in overweight/obese university students. Long-term interventions are a must.
Collapse
|