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Heestermans R, Schots R, De Becker A, Van Riet I. Liquid Biopsies as Non-Invasive Tools for Mutation Profiling in Multiple Myeloma: Application Potential, Challenges, and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5208. [PMID: 38791247 PMCID: PMC11121516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has considerably improved. However, despite the availability of new treatments, most patients still relapse and become therapy-resistant at some point in the disease evolution. The mutation profile has an impact on MM patients' outcome, while typically evolving over time. Because of the patchy bone marrow (BM) infiltration pattern, the analysis of a single bone marrow sample can lead to an underestimation of the known genetic heterogeneity in MM. As a result, interest is shifting towards blood-derived liquid biopsies, which allow for a more comprehensive and non-invasive genetic interrogation without the discomfort of repeated BM aspirations. In this review, we compare the application potential for mutation profiling in MM of circulating-tumor-cell-derived DNA, cell-free DNA and extracellular-vesicle-derived DNA, while also addressing the challenges associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbe Heestermans
- Department of Clinical Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann De Becker
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Van Riet
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Translational Oncology Research Center (Team Hematology and Immunology), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Akkus E, Tuncalı T, Akın HY, Aydın Y, Beşışık SK, Gürkan E, Ratip S, Salihoğlu A, Sargın D, Ünal A, Turcan A, Sevindik ÖG, Demir M, Beksac M. Germline genetic variants in Turkish familial multiple myeloma/monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance cases. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:931-938. [PMID: 38115798 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy primarily affecting the elderly, with a striking male predilection and ethnic disparities in incidence. Familial predisposition to MM has long been recognized, but the genetic underpinnings remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate germline variants in Turkish families with recurrent MM cases. A total of 37 MM-affected families, comprising 77 individuals, were included. Targeted next-generation sequencing analysis yielded no previously reported rare variants. Whole exome sequencing analysis in 11 families identified rare disease-causing variants in various genes, some previously linked to familial MM and others not previously associated. Notably, genes involved in ubiquitination, V(D)J recombination and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were among those identified. Furthermore, a specific variant in BNIP1 (rs28199) was found in 13 patients across nine families, indicating its potential significance in MM pathogenesis. While this study sheds light on genetic variations in familial MM in Turkey, its limitations include sample size and the absence of in vivo investigations. In conclusion, familial MM likely involves a polygenic inheritance pattern with rare, disease-causing variants in various genes, emphasizing the need for international collaborative efforts to unravel the intricate genetic basis of MM and develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Akkus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Timur Tuncalı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yalım Akın
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yıldız Aydın
- Department of Hematology, Florence Nightingale Hospitals, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kalayoğlu Beşışık
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Gürkan
- Department of Hematology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Siret Ratip
- Department of Hematology, Acibadem Healthcare Group, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Salihoğlu
- Department of Hematology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Sargın
- Department of Hematology, Medipol University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Ünal
- Department of Hematology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Ömür Gökmen Sevindik
- Department of Hematology, Medipol University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Demir
- Department of Hematology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Hematology, Ankara Liv Hospital, Istinye University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Miglierina E, Ordanoska D, Le Noir S, Laffleur B. RNA processing mechanisms contribute to genome organization and stability in B cells. Oncogene 2024; 43:615-623. [PMID: 38287115 PMCID: PMC10890934 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
RNA processing includes post-transcriptional mechanisms controlling RNA quality and quantity to ensure cellular homeostasis. Noncoding (nc) RNAs that are regulated by these dynamic processes may themselves fulfill effector and/or regulatory functions, and recent studies demonstrated the critical role of RNAs in organizing both chromatin and genome architectures. Furthermore, RNAs can threaten genome integrity when accumulating as DNA:RNA hybrids, but could also facilitate DNA repair depending on the molecular context. Therefore, by qualitatively and quantitatively fine-tuning RNAs, RNA processing contributes directly or indirectly to chromatin states, genome organization, and genome stability. B lymphocytes represent a unique model to study these interconnected mechanisms as they express ncRNAs transcribed from key specific sequences before undergoing physiological genetic remodeling processes, including V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation, and class switch recombination. RNA processing actors ensure the regulation and degradation of these ncRNAs for efficient DNA repair and immunoglobulin gene remodeling while failure leads to B cell development alterations, aberrant DNA repair, and pathological translocations. This review highlights how RNA processing mechanisms contribute to genome architecture and stability, with emphasis on their critical roles during B cell development, enabling physiological DNA remodeling while preventing lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Miglierina
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, UMR, 1236, Rennes, France
| | - Delfina Ordanoska
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, UMR, 1236, Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Le Noir
- UMR CNRS 7276, Inserm 1262, Université de Limoges: Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations, Team 2, B-NATION: B cell Nuclear Architecture, Immunoglobulin genes and Oncogenes, Limoges, France
| | - Brice Laffleur
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, UMR, 1236, Rennes, France.
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4
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Johnstone EB, Gorsi B, Coelho E, Moore B, Farr AM, Cooper AR, Mardis ER, Rajkovic A, Chow CY, Yandell M, Welt CK. DIS3 Variants are Associated With Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Importance of Transcription/Translation in Oogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2330-2335. [PMID: 36869713 PMCID: PMC10686695 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A genetic etiology accounts for the majority of unexplained primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). OBJECTIVE We hypothesized a genetic cause of POI for a sister pair with primary amenorrhea. DESIGN The study was an observational study. Subjects were recruited at an academic institution. SUBJECTS Subjects were sisters with primary amenorrhea caused by POI and their parents. Additional subjects included women with POI analyzed previously (n = 291). Controls were recruited for health in old age or were from the 1000 Genomes Project (total n = 233). INTERVENTION We performed whole exome sequencing, and data were analyzed using the Pedigree Variant Annotation, Analysis and Search Tool, which identifies genes harboring pathogenic variants in families. We performed functional studies in a Drosophila melanogaster model. MAIN OUTCOME Genes with rare pathogenic variants were identified. RESULTS The sisters carried compound heterozygous variants in DIS3. The sisters did not carry additional rare variants that were absent in publicly available datasets. DIS3 knockdown in the ovary of D. melanogaster resulted in lack of oocyte production and severe infertility. CONCLUSIONS Compound heterozygous variants in highly conserved amino acids in DIS3 and failure of oocyte production in a functional model suggest that mutations in DIS3 cause POI. DIS3 is a 3' to 5' exoribonuclease that is the catalytic subunit of the exosome involved in RNA degradation and metabolism in the nucleus. The findings provide further evidence that mutations in genes important for transcription and translation are associated with POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Boiman Johnstone
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bushra Gorsi
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emily Coelho
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Barry Moore
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ashley M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aleksander Rajkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clement Y Chow
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark Yandell
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Corrine K Welt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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5
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Ohguchi Y, Ohguchi H. DIS3: The Enigmatic Gene in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044079. [PMID: 36835493 PMCID: PMC9958658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the genetic aberrations involved in the initiation and progression of various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), via next-generation sequencing analysis. Notably, DIS3 mutations have been identified in approximately 10% of patients with MM. Moreover, deletions of the long arm of chromosome 13, that includes DIS3, are present in approximately 40% of patients with MM. Regardless of the high incidence of DIS3 mutations and deletions, their contribution to the pathogenesis of MM has not yet been determined. Herein, we summarize the molecular and physiological functions of DIS3, focusing on hematopoiesis, and discuss the characteristics and potential roles of DIS3 mutations in MM. Recent findings highlight the essential roles of DIS3 in RNA homeostasis and normal hematopoiesis and suggest that the reduced activity of DIS3 may be involved in myelomagenesis by increasing genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Ohguchi
- Division of Disease Epigenetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ohguchi
- Division of Disease Epigenetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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6
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Dumontet C, Demangel D, Galia P, Karlin L, Roche L, Fauvernier M, Golfier C, Laude M, Leleu X, Rodon P, Roussel M, Azaïs I, Doyen C, Slama B, Manier S, Decaux O, Pertesi M, Beaumont M, Caillot D, Boyle EM, Cliquennois M, Cony‐Makhoul P, Doncker A, Dorvaux V, Petillon MO, Fontan J, Hivert B, Leduc I, Leyronnas C, Macro M, Maigre M, Mariette C, Mineur P, Rigaudeau S, Royer B, Vincent L, Mckay J, Perrial E, Garderet L. Clinical characteristics and outcome of 318 families with familial monoclonal gammopathy: A multicenter Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome study. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:264-271. [PMID: 36588407 PMCID: PMC10107808 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Familial forms of monoclonal gammopathy, defined as multiple myeloma (MM) or Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS), are relatively infrequent and most series reported in the literature describe a limited number of families. MM rarely occurs in a familial context. MGUS is observed much more commonly, which can in some cases evolve toward full-blown MM. Although recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities have been described in tumor cells of sporadic cases of MM, the pathogenesis of familial MM remains largely unexplained. In order to identify genetic factors predisposing to familial monoclonal gammopathy, the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome identified 318 families with at least two confirmed cases of monoclonal gammopathy. There were 169 families with parent/child pairs and 164 families with cases in at least two siblings, compatible with an autosomal transmission. These familial cases were compared with sporadic cases who were matched for age at diagnosis, sex and immunoglobulin isotype, with 10 sporadic cases for each familial case. The gender distribution, age and immunoglobulin subtypes of familial cases were unremarkable in comparison to sporadic cases. With a median follow-up of 7.4 years after diagnosis, the percentage of MGUS cases having evolved to MM was 3%. The median overall survival of the 148 familial MM cases was longer than that of matched sporadic cases, with projected values of 7.6 and 16.1 years in patients older and younger than 65 years, respectively. These data suggest that familial cases of monoclonal gammopathy are similar to sporadic cases in terms of clinical presentation and carry a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dumontet
- Hospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286/University of Lyon‐FranceLyonFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Borhane Slama
- Clinical Hematology DepartmentCH AvignonAvignonFrance
| | | | - Olivier Decaux
- Hematology DepartmentCHU Rennes, Inserm UMR1236RennesFrance
| | - Maroulio Pertesi
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
- Department of Laboratory MedicineHematology and Transfusion MedicineLundSweden
| | | | - Denis Caillot
- Clinical Hematology DepartmentHôpital F. Mitterrand, CHU DijonDijonFrance
| | - Eileen M. Boyle
- Perlmutter Cancer CenterNYU Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | | | - Véronique Dorvaux
- Clinical Hematology DepartmentCHR Metz‐ThionvilleMetz‐ThionvilleFrance
| | | | - Jean Fontan
- Hematology DepartmentCHU BesançonBesançonFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Michel Maigre
- Internal Medicine DepartmentCH ChartresChartresFrance
| | | | - Philippe Mineur
- Clinical Hematology DepartmentGrand Hôpital de CharleroiCharleroiBelgium
| | | | - Bruno Royer
- Clinical Hematology and Cell Therapy DepartmentAmiensFrance
| | | | - James Mckay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Emeline Perrial
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286/University of Lyon‐FranceLyonFrance
| | - Laurent Garderet
- HU PITIE SALPETRIERE APHPParisFrance
- Centre de Recherche Saint‐Antoine‐Team Hematopoietic and Leukemic DevelopmentSorbonne Université‐INSERM, UMR_S 938ParisFrance
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7
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Niazi Y, Paramasivam N, Blocka J, Kumar A, Huhn S, Schlesner M, Weinhold N, Sijmons R, De Jong M, Durie B, Goldschmidt H, Hemminki K, Försti A. Investigation of Rare Non-Coding Variants in Familial Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010096. [PMID: 36611892 PMCID: PMC9818386 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy whereby a single clone of plasma cells over-propagates in the bone marrow, resulting in the increased production of monoclonal immunoglobulin. While the complex genetic architecture of MM is well characterized, much less is known about germline variants predisposing to MM. Genome-wide sequencing approaches in MM families have started to identify rare high-penetrance coding risk alleles. In addition, genome-wide association studies have discovered several common low-penetrance risk alleles, which are mainly located in the non-coding genome. Here, we further explored the genetic basis in familial MM within the non-coding genome in whole-genome sequencing data. We prioritized and characterized 150 upstream, 5' untranslated region (UTR) and 3' UTR variants from 14 MM families, including 20 top-scoring variants. These variants confirmed previously implicated biological pathways in MM development. Most importantly, protein network and pathway enrichment analyses also identified 10 genes involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which have previously been established as important MM pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Niazi
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (K.H.)
| | - Nagarajan Paramasivam
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joanna Blocka
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Stefanie Huhn
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Weinhold
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Sijmons
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam De Jong
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Durie
- Cedars Sinai Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (K.H.)
| | - Asta Försti
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Hakkarainen M, Koski JR, Heckman CA, Anttila P, Silvennoinen R, Lievonen J, Kilpivaara O, Wartiovaara‐Kautto U. A germline exome analysis reveals harmful POT1 variants in multiple myeloma patients and families. EJHAEM 2022; 3:1352-1357. [PMID: 36467798 PMCID: PMC9713058 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Observations of inherited susceptibility to multiple myeloma have led to active research in defining predisposing genes to the disease. Here, we analysed 128 plasma cell dyscrasia patients' germline whole-exome sequencing data. Rare dominantly inherited pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant was found in 9.4% of the patients. Among the P/LP variants, CHEK2 (p. Thr410MetfsTer15) was the most prevalent (n = 5, 3.9%). Interestingly, P/LP variants in POT1 were identified in three patients (2.3%). Our findings broaden the spectrum of POT1-related cancers and demonstrate the importance of the germline genetic analysis in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Hakkarainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jessica R. Koski
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland ‐ FIMM, HiLIFE ‐ Helsinki institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka Anttila
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Raija Silvennoinen
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Lievonen
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HUS Diagnostic Center (Helsinki University Hospital), HUSLAB Laboratory of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ulla Wartiovaara‐Kautto
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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9
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Heestermans R, De Brouwer W, Maes K, Vande Broek I, Vaeyens F, Olsen C, Caljon B, De Becker A, Bakkus M, Schots R, Van Riet I. Liquid Biopsy-Derived DNA Sources as Tools for Comprehensive Mutation Profiling in Multiple Myeloma: A Comparative Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194901. [PMID: 36230824 PMCID: PMC9563447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). The genetics of MM are highly complex with multiple mutations and genetic subpopulations of tumor cells that arise during the disease evolution, affecting prognosis and treatment response. Standard bone marrow DNA analysis requires an invasive sample collection and does not always reflect the complete mutation profile. Therefore, we examined the possibility to use peripheral blood-based liquid biopsies as an alternative DNA source for mutation profiling. By comparing DNA from circulating tumor cells with circulating tumor-derived vesicles and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), we found that the latter provided the best concordance with bone marrow DNA and also showed mutations derived from myeloma cell populations that were undetectable in bone marrow. Our comparative study indicates that cfDNA is the preferable circulating biomarker for genetic characterization in MM and can provide additional information compared to standard BM analysis. Abstract The analysis of bone marrow (BM) samples in multiple myeloma (MM) patients can lead to the underestimation of the genetic heterogeneity within the tumor. Blood-derived liquid biopsies may provide a more comprehensive approach to genetic characterization. However, no thorough comparison between the currently available circulating biomarkers as tools for mutation profiling in MM has been published yet and the use of extracellular vesicle-derived DNA for this purpose in MM has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we collected BM aspirates and blood samples in 30 patients with active MM to isolate five different DNA types, i.e., cfDNA, EV-DNA, BM-DNA and DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMNCs-DNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTC-DNA). DNA was analyzed for genetic variants with targeted gene sequencing using a 165-gene panel. After data filtering, 87 somatic and 39 germline variants were detected among the 149 DNA samples used for sequencing. cfDNA showed the highest concordance with the mutation profile observed in BM-DNA and outperformed EV-DNA, CTC-DNA and PBMNCs-DNA. Of note, 16% of all the somatic variants were only detectable in circulating biomarkers. Based on our analysis, cfDNA is the preferable circulating biomarker for genetic characterization in MM and its combined use with BM-DNA allows for comprehensive mutation profiling in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbe Heestermans
- Department of Clinical Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wouter De Brouwer
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vande Broek
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, VITAZ, Moerlandstraat 1, 9100 Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | - Freya Vaeyens
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catharina Olsen
- Clinical Sciences, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (BRIGHTcore), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ben Caljon
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (BRIGHTcore), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann De Becker
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marleen Bakkus
- Department of Clinical Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Van Riet
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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10
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Gadd S, Huff V, Skol AD, Renfro LA, Fernandez CV, Mullen EA, Jones CD, Hoadley KA, Yap KL, Ramirez NC, Aris S, Phung QH, Perlman EJ. Genetic changes associated with relapse in favorable histology Wilms tumor: A Children's Oncology Group AREN03B2 study. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100644. [PMID: 35617957 PMCID: PMC9244995 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, sequencing of primary tumors has clarified the genetic underpinnings of Wilms tumor but has not affected therapy, outcome, or toxicity. We now sharpen our focus on relapse samples from the umbrella AREN03B2 study. We show that over 40% of relapse samples contain mutations in SIX1 or genes of the MYCN network, drivers of progenitor proliferation. Not previously seen in large studies of primary Wilms tumors, DIS3 and TERT are now identified as recurrently mutated. The analysis of primary-relapse tumor pairs suggests that 11p15 loss of heterozygosity (and other copy number changes) and mutations in WT1 and MLLT1 typically occur early, but mutations in SIX1, MYCN, and WTX are late developments in some individuals. Most strikingly, 75% of relapse samples had gain of 1q, providing strong conceptual support for studying circulating tumor DNA in clinical trials to better detect 1q gain earlier and monitor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gadd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 17, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Vicki Huff
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew D Skol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 17, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lindsay A Renfro
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Conrad V Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Corbin D Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kai Lee Yap
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 17, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nilsa C Ramirez
- Institute for Genomic Medicine and Biopathology Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Sheena Aris
- Biospecimen Research Group, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Quy H Phung
- Biospecimen Research Group, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Perlman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 17, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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11
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Zhang T, Wang LL, Guan J, Zhou Y, Cheng P, Zou L. MicroRNA-125a/b-5p promotes malignant behavior in multiple myeloma cells and xenograft tumor growth by targeting DIS3. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:574-584. [PMID: 35394705 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy with a high prevalence and is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells. As a new tumor suppressor, defective in sister chromatid joining (DIS3) was reported to be a gene closely related to MM. This study elucidated the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of DIS3 in MM. DIS3 mRNA and protein levels were detected using RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays, flow cytometry analyses, Transwell assays, and wound healing assays were performed to detect the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of MM cells. The binding relationship between miR-125a/b-5p and DIS3 was verified using luciferase reporter assays and RNA pulldown assays. Xenograft tumor models were established in nude mice to investigate the effects of miR-125a/b-5p and DIS3 on tumor growth in vivo. DIS3 levels were downregulated in MM cells, and DIS3 upregulation inhibited the malignant behaviors of MM cells. Mechanistically, miR-125a/b-5p directly targeted the 3' untranslated region of DIS3. The expression of miR-125a/b-5p was upregulated in MM cells, miR-125a/b-5p knockdown inhibited the malignant behaviors of MM cells, and the inhibitory effect was reversed by DIS3 downregulation. The results of in vivo experiments indicated that miR-125a/b-5p promoted tumor growth by downregulating DIS3. Overall, miR-125a/b-5p promotes MM cellular processes and xenograft tumor growth by targeting DIS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan-Lan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Guan
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
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12
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Canzian F, Piredda C, Macauda A, Zawirska D, Andersen NF, Nagler A, Zaucha JM, Mazur G, Dumontet C, Wątek M, Jamroziak K, Sainz J, Várkonyi J, Butrym A, Beider K, Abildgaard N, Lesueur F, Dudziński M, Vangsted AJ, Pelosini M, Subocz E, Petrini M, Buda G, Raźny M, Gemignani F, Marques H, Orciuolo E, Kadar K, Jurczyszyn A, Druzd-Sitek A, Vogel U, Andersen V, Reis RM, Suska A, Avet-Loiseau H, Kruszewski M, Tomczak W, Rymko M, Minvielle S, Campa D. A polygenic risk score for multiple myeloma risk prediction. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:474-479. [PMID: 34845334 PMCID: PMC8991223 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is overwhelming epidemiologic evidence that the risk of multiple myeloma (MM) has a solid genetic background. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 23 risk loci that contribute to the genetic susceptibility of MM, but have low individual penetrance. Combining the SNPs in a polygenic risk score (PRS) is a possible approach to improve their usefulness. Using 2361 MM cases and 1415 controls from the International Multiple Myeloma rESEarch (IMMEnSE) consortium, we computed a weighted and an unweighted PRS. We observed associations with MM risk with OR = 3.44, 95% CI 2.53-4.69, p = 3.55 × 10-15 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of the weighted score, and OR = 3.18, 95% CI 2.1 = 34-4.33, p = 1.62 × 10-13 for the highest vs. lowest quintile of the unweighted score. We found a convincing association of a PRS generated with 23 SNPs and risk of MM. Our work provides additional validation of previously discovered MM risk variants and of their combination into a PRS, which is a first step towards the use of genetics for risk stratification in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Chiara Piredda
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelica Macauda
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daria Zawirska
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Medical University Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon/Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marzena Wątek
- Hematology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juan Sainz
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- Hematology department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Judit Várkonyi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aleksandra Butrym
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Medical University Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katia Beider
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Niels Abildgaard
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Mines ParisTech Inserm, U900, Paris, France
| | - Marek Dudziński
- Hematology Department, Teaching Hospital No 1, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Annette Juul Vangsted
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Pelosini
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edyta Subocz
- Department of Haematology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mario Petrini
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Buda
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Raźny
- Department of Hematology, Rydygier Specialistic Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Herlander Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences/Molecular Oncology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Enrico Orciuolo
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katalin Kadar
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Artur Jurczyszyn
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences/Molecular Oncology Research Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, S.Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Suska
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Hervé Avet-Loiseau
- Unité de Génomique du Myélome, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Rymko
- Department of Hematology, N. Copernicus Town Hospital, Torun, Poland
| | - Stephane Minvielle
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Roloff GW, Drazer MW, Godley LA. Inherited Susceptibility to Hematopoietic Malignancies in the Era of Precision Oncology. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 5:107-122. [PMID: 34994594 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As germline predisposition to hematopoietic malignancies has gained increased recognition and attention in the field of oncology, it is important for clinicians to use a systematic framework for the identification, management, and surveillance of patients with hereditary hematopoietic malignancies (HHMs). In this article, we discuss strategies for identifying individuals who warrant diagnostic evaluation and describe considerations pertaining to molecular testing. Although a paucity of prospective data is available to guide clinical monitoring of individuals harboring pathogenic variants, we provide recommendations for clinical surveillance based on consensus opinion and highlight current advances regarding the risk of progression to overt malignancy in HHM variant carriers. We also discuss the prognosis of HHMs and considerations surrounding the utility of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in these individuals. We close with an overview of contemporary issues at the intersection of HHMs and precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Roloff
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Michael W Drazer
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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14
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Jirabanditsakul C, Dakeng S, Kunacheewa C, U-Pratya Y, Owattanapanich W. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Genetic Aberrations of Plasma Cell Disorders in Thailand Population. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221111228. [PMID: 35770320 PMCID: PMC9252016 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells resulting from impaired terminal B cell development. Almost all patients with multiple myeloma eventually have a relapse. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of the various genomic mutations that characterize multiple myeloma as a complex heterogeneous disease. In recent years, next-generation sequencing has been used to identify the genomic mutation landscape and clonal heterogeneity of multiple myeloma. This is the first study, a prospective observational study, to identify somatic mutations in plasma cell disorders in the Thai population using targeted next-generation sequencing. Twenty-seven patients with plasma cell disorders were enrolled comprising 17 cases of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, 5 cases of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, and 5 cases of other plasma cell disorders. The pathogenic mutations were found in 17 of 27 patients. Seventy percent of those who had a mutation (12/17 patients) habored a single mutation, whereas the others had more than one mutation. Fifteen pathogenic mutation genes were identified: ATM, BRAF, CYLD, DIS3, DNMT3A, FBXW7, FLT3, GNA13, IRF4, KMT2A, NRAS, SAMHD1, TENT5C, TP53, and TRAF3. Most have previously been reported to be involved in the RAS/MAPK pathway, the nuclear factor kappa B pathway, the DNA-repair pathway, the CRBN pathway, tumor suppressor gene mutation, or an epigenetic mutation. However, the current study also identified mutations that had not been reported to be related to myeloma: GNA13 and FBXW7. Therefore, a deep understanding of molecular genomics would inevitably improve the clinical management of plasma cell disorder patients, and the increased knowledge would ultimately result in better outcomes for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutirat Jirabanditsakul
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, 65106Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sumana Dakeng
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kunacheewa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, 65106Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yaowalak U-Pratya
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, 65106Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerapat Owattanapanich
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, 65106Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Ogami K, Suzuki HI. Nuclear RNA Exosome and Pervasive Transcription: Dual Sculptors of Genome Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13401. [PMID: 34948199 PMCID: PMC8707817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome is pervasively transcribed across various species, yielding numerous non-coding RNAs. As a counterbalance for pervasive transcription, various organisms have a nuclear RNA exosome complex, whose structure is well conserved between yeast and mammalian cells. The RNA exosome not only regulates the processing of stable RNA species, such as rRNAs, tRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and small nuclear RNAs, but also plays a central role in RNA surveillance by degrading many unstable RNAs and misprocessed pre-mRNAs. In addition, associated cofactors of RNA exosome direct the exosome to distinct classes of RNA substrates, suggesting divergent and/or multi-layer control of RNA quality in the cell. While the RNA exosome is essential for cell viability and influences various cellular processes, mutations and alterations in the RNA exosome components are linked to the collection of rare diseases and various diseases including cancer, respectively. The present review summarizes the relationships between pervasive transcription and RNA exosome, including evolutionary crosstalk, mechanisms of RNA exosome-mediated RNA surveillance, and physiopathological effects of perturbation of RNA exosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ogami
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi I. Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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16
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Aksenova AY, Zhuk AS, Lada AG, Zotova IV, Stepchenkova EI, Kostroma II, Gritsaev SV, Pavlov YI. Genome Instability in Multiple Myeloma: Facts and Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5949. [PMID: 34885058 PMCID: PMC8656811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of terminally differentiated immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes called plasma cells. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and it poses a heavy economic and social burden because it remains incurable and confers a profound disability to patients. Despite current progress in MM treatment, the disease invariably recurs, even after the transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (ASCT). Biological processes leading to a pathological myeloma clone and the mechanisms of further evolution of the disease are far from complete understanding. Genetically, MM is a complex disease that demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity. Myeloma genomes carry numerous genetic changes, including structural genome variations and chromosomal gains and losses, and these changes occur in combinations with point mutations affecting various cellular pathways, including genome maintenance. MM genome instability in its extreme is manifested in mutation kataegis and complex genomic rearrangements: chromothripsis, templated insertions, and chromoplexy. Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat MM add another level of complexity because many of them exacerbate genome instability. Genome abnormalities are driver events and deciphering their mechanisms will help understand the causes of MM and play a pivotal role in developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y. Aksenova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna S. Zhuk
- International Laboratory “Computer Technologies”, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Artem G. Lada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Irina V. Zotova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Stepchenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Kostroma
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Gritsaev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Youri I. Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Pathology, Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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17
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Puła A, Robak P, Mikulski D, Robak T. The Significance of mRNA in the Biology of Multiple Myeloma and Its Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12070. [PMID: 34769503 PMCID: PMC8584466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex disease that results from a multistep transformation of normal to malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and heterogeneous evolution of MM remain largely unknown. A fundamental step needed to understand the oncogenesis of MM and its response to therapy is the identification of driver mutations. The introduction of gene expression profiling (GEP) in MM is an important step in elucidating the molecular heterogeneity of MM and its clinical relevance. Since some mutations in myeloma occur in non-coding regions, studies based on the analysis of mRNA provide more comprehensive information on the oncogenic pathways and mechanisms relevant to MM biology. In this review, we discuss the role of gene expression profiling in understanding the biology of multiple myeloma together with the clinical manifestation of the disease, as well as its impact on treatment decisions and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puła
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Paweł Robak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Damian Mikulski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland;
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18
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Hemminki K, Försti A, Houlston R, Sud A. Epidemiology, genetics and treatment of multiple myeloma and precursor diseases. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1980-1996. [PMID: 34398972 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy caused by the clonal expansion of plasma cells. The incidence of MM worldwide is increasing with greater than 140 000 people being diagnosed with MM per year. Whereas 5-year survival after a diagnosis of MM has improved from 28% in 1975 to 56% in 2012, the disease remains essentially incurable. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of MM including its epidemiology, genetics and biology. We will also provide an overview of MM management that has led to improvements in survival, including recent changes to diagnosis and therapies. Areas of unmet need include the management of patients with high-risk MM, those with reduced performance status and those refractory to standard therapies. Ongoing research into the biology and early detection of MM as well as the development of novel therapies, such as immunotherapies, has the potential to influence MM practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hemminki
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Department of Haemato-Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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19
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Transcription/Replication Conflicts in Tumorigenesis and Their Potential Role as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153755. [PMID: 34359660 PMCID: PMC8345052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma is a hematologic cancer characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It remains a mostly incurable disease due to the inability to overcome refractory disease and drug-resistant relapse. Oncogenic transformation of PC in multiple myeloma is thought to occur within the secondary lymphoid organs. However, the precise molecular events leading to myelomagenesis remain obscure. Here, we identified genes involved in the prevention and the resolution of conflicts between the replication and transcription significantly overexpressed during the plasma cell differentiation process and in multiple myeloma cells. We discussed the potential role of these factors in myelomagenesis and myeloma biology. The specific targeting of these factors might constitute a new therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma. Abstract Plasma cells (PCs) have an essential role in humoral immune response by secretion of antibodies, and represent the final stage of B lymphocytes differentiation. During this differentiation, the pre-plasmablastic stage is characterized by highly proliferative cells that start to secrete immunoglobulins (Igs). Thus, replication and transcription must be tightly regulated in these cells to avoid transcription/replication conflicts (TRCs), which could increase replication stress and lead to genomic instability. In this review, we analyzed expression of genes involved in TRCs resolution during B to PC differentiation and identified 41 genes significantly overexpressed in the pre-plasmablastic stage. This illustrates the importance of mechanisms required for adequate processing of TRCs during PCs differentiation. Furthermore, we identified that several of these factors were also found overexpressed in purified PCs from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) compared to normal PCs. Malignant PCs produce high levels of Igs concomitantly with cell cycle deregulation. Therefore, increasing the TRCs occurring in MM cells could represent a potent therapeutic strategy for MM patients. Here, we describe the potential roles of TRCs resolution factors in myelomagenesis and discuss the therapeutic interest of targeting the TRCs resolution machinery in MM.
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20
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Waller RG, Klein RJ, Vijai J, McKay JD, Clay-Gilmour A, Wei X, Madsen MJ, Sborov DW, Curtin K, Slager SL, Offit K, Vachon CM, Lipkin SM, Dumontet C, Camp NJ. Sequencing at lymphoid neoplasm susceptibility loci maps six myeloma risk genes. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1142-1153. [PMID: 33751038 PMCID: PMC8188404 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited genetic risk factors play a role in multiple myeloma (MM), yet considerable missing heritability exists. Rare risk variants at genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci are a new avenue to explore. Pleiotropy between lymphoid neoplasms (LNs) has been suggested in family history and genetic studies, but no studies have interrogated sequencing for pleiotropic genes or rare risk variants. Sequencing genetically enriched cases can help discover rarer variants. We analyzed exome sequencing in familial or early-onset MM cases to identify rare, functionally relevant variants near GWAS loci for a range of LNs. A total of 149 distinct and significant LN GWAS loci have been published. We identified six recurrent, rare, potentially deleterious variants within 5 kb of significant GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms in 75 MM cases. Mutations were observed in BTNL2, EOMES, TNFRSF13B, IRF8, ACOXL and TSPAN32. All six genes replicated in an independent set of 255 early-onset MM or familial MM or precursor cases. Expansion of our analyses to the full length of these six genes resulted in a list of 39 rare and deleterious variants, seven of which segregated in MM families. Three genes also had significant rare variant burden in 733 sporadic MM cases compared with 935 control individuals: IRF8 (P = 1.0 × 10-6), EOMES (P = 6.0 × 10-6) and BTNL2 (P = 2.1 × 10-3). Together, our results implicate six genes in MM risk, provide support for genetic pleiotropy between LN subtypes and demonstrate the utility of sequencing genetically enriched cases to identify functionally relevant variants near GWAS loci.
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MESH Headings
- Acyl-CoA Oxidase/genetics
- Butyrophilins/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Hodgkin Disease/genetics
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Risk Factors
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- Tetraspanins/genetics
- Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein/genetics
- Exome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James D McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Alyssa Clay-Gilmour
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Xiaomu Wei
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Madsen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Douglas W Sborov
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Karen Curtin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven M Lipkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles Dumontet
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, University of Lyon, 69361 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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21
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Griffin Waller R, Madsen MJ, Gardner J, Sborov DW, Camp NJ. Duo Shared Genomic Segment analysis identifies a genome-wide significant risk locus at 18q21.33 in myeloma pedigrees. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2021; 5:112-123. [PMID: 34888494 PMCID: PMC8654160 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2021.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM High-risk pedigrees (HRPs) are a powerful design to map highly penetrant risk genes. We previously described Shared Genomic Segment (SGS) analysis, a mapping method for single large extended pedigrees that also addresses genetic heterogeneity inherent in complex diseases. SGS identifies shared segregating chromosomal regions that may inherit in only a subset of cases. However, single large pedigrees that are individually powerful (at least 15 meioses between studied cases) are scarce. Here, we expand the SGS strategy to incorporate evidence from two extended HRPs by identifying the same segregating risk locus in both pedigrees and allowing for some relaxation in the size of each HRP. METHODS Duo-SGS is a procedure to combine single-pedigree SGS evidence. It implements statistically rigorous duo-pedigree thresholding to determine genome-wide significance levels that account for optimization across pedigree pairs. Single-pedigree SGS identifies optimal segments shared by case subsets at each locus across the genome, with nominal significance assessed empirically. Duo-SGS combines the statistical evidence for SGS segments at the same genomic location in two pedigrees using Fisher's method. One pedigree is paired with all others and the best duo-SGS evidence at each locus across the genome is established. Genome-wide significance thresholds are determined through distribution-fitting and the Theory of Large Deviations. We applied the duoSGS strategy to eleven extended, myeloma HRPs. RESULTS We identified one genome-wide significant region at 18q21.33 (0.85 Mb, P = 7.3 × 10-9) which contains one gene, CDH20. Thirteen regions were genome-wide suggestive: 1q42.2, 2p16.1, 3p25.2, 5q21.3, 5q31.1, 6q16.1, 6q26, 7q11.23, 12q24.31, 13q13.3, 18p11.22, 18q22.3 and 19p13.12. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel risk loci with segregating evidence from multiple HRPs and offer compelling targets and specific segment carriers to focus a future search for functional variants involved in inherited risk formyeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Griffin Waller
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - John Gardner
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Douglas W. Sborov
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nicola J. Camp
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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22
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Coinherited genetics of multiple myeloma and its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2789-2797. [PMID: 32569378 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, 23 germline susceptibility loci have been associated with multiple myeloma (MM) risk. It is unclear whether the genetic variation associated with MM susceptibility also predisposes to its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Leveraging 2434 MM cases, 754 MGUS cases, and 2 independent sets of controls (2567/879), we investigated potential shared genetic susceptibility of MM and MGUS by (1) performing MM and MGUS genome-wide association studies (GWAS); (2) validating the association of a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 23 established MM loci (MM-PRS) with risk of MM, and for the first time with MGUS; and (3) examining genetic correlation of MM and MGUS. Heritability and genetic estimates yielded 17% (standard error [SE] ±0.04) and 15% (SE ±0.11) for MM and MGUS risk, respectively, and a 55% (SE ±0.30) genetic correlation. The MM-PRS was associated with risk of MM when assessed continuously (odds ratio [OR], 1.17 per SD; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.21) or categorically (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.38-2.09 for highest; OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55-0.90 for lowest compared with middle quintile). The MM-PRS was similarly associated with MGUS (OR, 1.19 per SD; 95% CI, 1.14-1.26 as a continuous measure, OR, 1.77, 95%CI: 1.29-2.43 for highest and OR, 0.70, 95%CI: 0.50-0.98 for lowest compared with middle quintile). MM and MGUS associations did not differ by age, sex, or MM immunoglobulin isotype. We validated a 23-SNP MM-PRS in an independent series of MM cases and provide evidence for its association with MGUS. Our results suggest shared common genetic susceptibility to MM and MGUS.
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23
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Characterization of rare germline variants in familial multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:33. [PMID: 33583942 PMCID: PMC7882594 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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24
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Fraga de Andrade I, Mehta C, Bresnick EH. Post-transcriptional control of cellular differentiation by the RNA exosome complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11913-11928. [PMID: 33119769 PMCID: PMC7708067 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the complexity of intracellular RNA ensembles and vast phenotypic remodeling intrinsic to cellular differentiation, it is instructive to consider the role of RNA regulatory machinery in controlling differentiation. Dynamic post-transcriptional regulation of protein-coding and non-coding transcripts is vital for establishing and maintaining proteomes that enable or oppose differentiation. By contrast to extensively studied transcriptional mechanisms governing differentiation, many questions remain unanswered regarding the involvement of post-transcriptional mechanisms. Through its catalytic activity to selectively process or degrade RNAs, the RNA exosome complex dictates the levels of RNAs comprising multiple RNA classes, thereby regulating chromatin structure, gene expression and differentiation. Although the RNA exosome would be expected to control diverse biological processes, studies to elucidate its biological functions and how it integrates into, or functions in parallel with, cell type-specific transcriptional mechanisms are in their infancy. Mechanistic analyses have demonstrated that the RNA exosome confers expression of a differentiation regulatory receptor tyrosine kinase, downregulates the telomerase RNA component TERC, confers genomic stability and promotes DNA repair, which have considerable physiological and pathological implications. In this review, we address how a broadly operational RNA regulatory complex interfaces with cell type-specific machinery to control cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Fraga de Andrade
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4009 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Charu Mehta
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4009 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4009 WIMR, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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25
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Trottier AM, Godley LA. Inherited predisposition to haematopoietic malignancies: overcoming barriers and exploring opportunities. Br J Haematol 2020; 194:663-676. [PMID: 33615436 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inherited predisposition to haematopoietic malignancies, due to deleterious germline variants in a variety of genes, is an important clinical entity with implications for the health and management of patients and their family members. Unfortunately, there remain several common misconceptions in this field that can result in patients going unrecognised and/or having incomplete or improper testing including: the impression that inherited haematological malignancy syndromes are rare, that myeloid and lymphoid malignancy predisposition syndromes are mutually exclusive, and that solid tumour predisposition syndromes are unique and distinct from haematopoietic malignancy predisposition syndromes. In the present review, we challenge these ideas with our insights into germline genetic testing for these conditions with the hope that increased awareness and knowledge will overcome barriers and lead to improved diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Trottier
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, QEII Health Sciences Centre/Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Da Vià MC, Ziccheddu B, Maeda A, Bagnoli F, Perrone G, Bolli N. A Journey Through Myeloma Evolution: From the Normal Plasma Cell to Disease Complexity. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e502. [PMID: 33283171 PMCID: PMC7710229 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of cancer origin and the subsequent tracking of disease evolution represent unmet needs that will soon be within clinical reach. This will provide the opportunity to improve patient's stratification and to personalize treatments based on cancer biology along its life history. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic malignancy with a well-known multi-stage disease course, where such approach can sooner translate into a clinical benefit. We describe novel insights into modes and timing of disease initiation. We dissect the biology of the preclinical and pre-malignant phases, elucidating how knowledge of the genomics of the disease and the composition of the microenvironment allow stratification of patients based on risk of disease progression. Then, we explore cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic drivers of MM evolution to symptomatic disease. Finally, we discuss how this may relate to the development of refractory disease after treatment. By integrating an evolutionary view of myeloma biology with the recent acquisitions on its clonal heterogeneity, we envision a way to drive the clinical management of the disease based on its detailed biological features more than surrogates of disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo C. Da Vià
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bachisio Ziccheddu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Akihiro Maeda
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bagnoli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Perrone
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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27
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Wermuth PJ, Jimenez SA. Molecular characteristics and functional differences of anti-PM/Scl autoantibodies and two other distinct and unique supramolecular structures known as "EXOSOMES". Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102644. [PMID: 32801042 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The term "exosome" has been applied to three distinct supramolecular entities, namely the PM/Scl autoantibodies or "RNA exosomes", transforming DNA fragments termed "DNA exosomes", and small size extracellular vesicles knows as "exosomes". Some of the molecular components of the "PM/Scl exosome complex" or "RNA exosome" are recognized by specific autoantibodies present in the serum from some Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), polymyositis (PM) and polymyositis SSc (PM/Scl) overlap syndrome patients. On the other hand, one of the most active focuses of laboratory investigation in the last decade has been the biogenesis and role of extracellular vesicles known as "exosomes". The remarkable ability of these "exosome" vesicles to alter the cellular phenotype following fusion with target cells and the release of their macromolecular cargo has revealed a possible role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including malignant, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders and may allow them to serve as theranostic agents for personalized and precision medicine. The indiscriminate use of the term "exosome" to refer to these three distinct molecular entities has engendered great confusion in the scientific literature. Here, we review the molecular characteristics and functional differences between the three molecular structures identified as "exosomes". Given the rapidly growing scientific interest in extravesicular exosomes, unless a solution is found the confusion in the literature resulting from the use of the term "exosomes" will markedly increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Wermuth
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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28
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Mangaonkar AA, Patnaik MM. Hereditary Predisposition to Hematopoietic Neoplasms: When Bloodline Matters for Blood Cancers. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1482-1498. [PMID: 32571604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of precision genomics, hereditary predisposition to hematopoietic neoplasms- collectively known as hereditary predisposition syndromes (HPS)-are being increasingly recognized in clinical practice. Familial clustering was first observed in patients with leukemia, which led to the identification of several germline variants, such as RUNX1, CEBPA, GATA2, ANKRD26, DDX41, and ETV6, among others, now established as HPS, with tendency to develop myeloid neoplasms. However, evidence for hereditary predisposition is also apparent in lymphoid and plasma--cell neoplasms, with recent discoveries of germline variants in genes such as IKZF1, SH2B3, PAX5 (familial acute lymphoblastic leukemia), and KDM1A/LSD1 (familial multiple myeloma). Specific inherited bone marrow failure syndromes-such as GATA2 haploinsufficiency syndromes, short telomere syndromes, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, severe congenital neutropenia, and familial thrombocytopenias-also have an increased predisposition to develop myeloid neoplasms, whereas inherited immune deficiency syndromes, such as ataxia-telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Wiskott Aldrich syndrome, and Bruton agammaglobulinemia, are associated with an increased risk for lymphoid neoplasms. Timely recognition of HPS is critical to ensure safe choice of donors and/or conditioning-regimen intensity for allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and to enable direction of appropriate genomics-driven personalized therapies. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of HPS and serve as a useful reference for clinicians to recognize relevant signs and symptoms among patients to enable timely screening and referrals to pursue germline assessment. In addition, we also discuss our institutional approach toward identification of HPS and offer a stepwise diagnostic and management algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinal M Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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29
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Boyle EM, Ashby C, Tytarenko RG, Deshpande S, Wang H, Wang Y, Rosenthal A, Sawyer J, Tian E, Flynt E, Hoering A, Johnson SK, Rutherford MW, Wardell CP, Bauer MA, Dumontet C, Facon T, Thanendrarajan S, Schinke CD, Zangari M, van Rhee F, Barlogie B, Cairns D, Jackson G, Thakurta A, Davies FE, Morgan GJ, Walker BA. BRAF and DIS3 Mutations Associate with Adverse Outcome in a Long-term Follow-up of Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2422-2432. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Pertesi M, Went M, Hansson M, Hemminki K, Houlston RS, Nilsson B. Genetic predisposition for multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2020; 34:697-708. [PMID: 31913320 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common blood malignancy. Epidemiological family studies going back to the 1920s have provided evidence for familial aggregation, suggesting a subset of cases have an inherited genetic background. Recently, studies aimed at explaining this phenomenon have begun to provide direct evidence for genetic predisposition to MM. Genome-wide association studies have identified common risk alleles at 24 independent loci. Sequencing studies of familial cases and kindreds have begun to identify promising candidate genes where variants with strong effects on MM risk might reside. Finally, functional studies are starting to give insight into how identified risk alleles promote the development of MM. Here, we review recent findings in MM predisposition field, and highlight open questions and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroulio Pertesi
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Molly Went
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Markus Hansson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center, Charles University in Prague, 30605, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, 221 84, Lund, Sweden. .,Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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