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Jia Y, Liu D, Chen D, Jin Y, Ge Y, Zhang W, Chen C, Cheng B, Wang X, Liu T, Li M, Zu M, Wang Z, Cheng H. Realizing Sunlight-Induced Efficiently Dynamic Infrared Emissivity Modulation Based on Aluminum-Doped zinc Oxide Nanocrystals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405962. [PMID: 39073318 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic manipulation of an object's infrared radiation characteristics is a burgeoning technology with significant implications for energy and information fields. However, exploring efficient stimulus-spectral response mechanism and realizing simple device structures remains a formidable challenge. Here, a novel dynamic infrared emissivity regulation mechanism is proposed by controlling the localized surface plasmon resonance absorption of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanocrystals through ultraviolet photocharging/oxidative discharging. A straightforward device architecture that integrates an AZO nanocrystal film with an infrared reflective layer and a substrate, functioning as a photo-induced dynamic infrared emissivity modulator, which can be triggered by weak ultraviolet light in sunlight, is engineered. The modulator exhibits emissivity regulation amount of 0.72 and 0.61 in the 3-5 and 8-13 µm ranges, respectively. Furthermore, the modulator demonstrates efficient light triggering characteristic, broad spectral range, angular-independent emissivity, and long cyclic lifespan. The modulator allows for self-adaptive daytime radiative cooling and nighttime heating depending on the ultraviolet light in sunlight and O2 in air, thereby achieving smart thermal management for buildings with zero-energy expenditure. Moreover, the potential applications of this modulator can extend to rewritable infrared displays and deceptive infrared camouflage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Desui Chen
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yizheng Jin
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yufei Ge
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Baizhang Cheng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Xinfei Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Tianwen Liu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Mei Zu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Zi Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Cheng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, P. R. China
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2
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Li W, Sigmund O, Zhang XS. Analytical realization of complex thermal meta-devices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5527. [PMID: 39009559 PMCID: PMC11250795 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fourier's law dictates that heat flows from warm to cold. Nevertheless, devices can be tailored to cloak obstacles or even reverse the heat flow. Mathematical transformation yields closed-form equations for graded, highly anisotropic thermal metamaterial distributions needed for obtaining such functionalities. For simple geometries, devices can be realized by regular conductor distributions; however, for complex geometries, physical realizations have so far been challenging, and sub-optimal solutions have been obtained by expensive numerical approaches. Here we suggest a straightforward and highly efficient analytical de-homogenization approach that uses optimal multi-rank laminates to provide closed-form solutions for any imaginable thermal manipulation device. We create thermal cloaks, rotators, and concentrators in complex domains with close-to-optimal performance and esthetic elegance. The devices are fabricated using metal 3D printing, and their omnidirectional thermal functionalities are investigated numerically and validated experimentally. The analytical approach enables next-generation free-form thermal meta-devices with efficient synthesis, near-optimal performance, and concise patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ole Sigmund
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Koppels Allé, Building 404, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Xiaojia Shelly Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Green St, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, USA.
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3
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Vázquez-Lozano JE, Liberal I. Review on the Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs in Thermal Emission Engineering. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2024; 2:898-927. [PMID: 38962569 PMCID: PMC11217951 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.4c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The emission of thermal radiation is a physical process of fundamental and technological interest. From different approaches, thermal radiation can be regarded as one of the basic mechanisms of heat transfer, as a fundamental quantum phenomenon of photon production, or as the propagation of electromagnetic waves. However, unlike light emanating from conventional photonic sources, such as lasers or antennas, thermal radiation is characterized for being broadband, omnidirectional, and unpolarized. Due to these features, ultimately tied to its inherently incoherent nature, taming thermal radiation constitutes a challenging issue. Latest advances in the field of nanophotonics have led to a whole set of artificial platforms, ranging from spatially structured materials and, much more recently, to time-modulated media, offering promising avenues for enhancing the control and manipulation of electromagnetic waves, from far- to near-field regimes. Given the ongoing parallelism between the fields of nanophotonics and thermal emission, these recent developments have been harnessed to deal with radiative thermal processes, thereby forming the current basis of thermal emission engineering. In this review, we survey some of the main breakthroughs carried out in this burgeoning research field, from fundamental aspects to theoretical limits, the emergence of effects and phenomena, practical applications, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Enrique Vázquez-Lozano
- Department of Electrical,
Electronic and Communications Engineering, Institute of Smart Cities
(ISC), Universidad Pública de Navarra
(UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Liberal
- Department of Electrical,
Electronic and Communications Engineering, Institute of Smart Cities
(ISC), Universidad Pública de Navarra
(UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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4
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Liang L, Yang X, Li C, Yu R, Zhang B, Yang Y, Ji G. MXene-Enabled Pneumatic Multiscale Shape Morphing for Adaptive, Programmable and Multimodal Radar-infrared Compatible Camouflage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313939. [PMID: 38578586 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Achieving radar-infrared compatible camouflage with dynamic adaptability has been a long-sought goal, but faces significant challenges owing to the limited dispersion relations of conventional material systems operating in different wavelength ranges. Here, this work proposes the concept of pneumatic multiscale shape morphing and design a periodically arranged pneumatic unit consisting of MXene-based morphable conductors and intake platforms. During gas actuation, the morphable conductor transforms centimeter-scale 2D flat sheets into 3D balloon shapes to enhance microwave absorption behavior, and also reconfigures micrometer-scale MXene wrinkles into smooth planes in combination with cavity-induced low heat transfer to minimize infrared (IR) signatures. Through theory-guided reverse engineering, the final pneumatic matrix shows remarkable frequency tunability (2.64-18.0 GHz), moderate IR emissivity regulation (0.14 at 7-16.5 µm), rapid responsiveness (≈30 ms), wide-angle operation (>45°), and excellent environmental tolerance. Additionally, the multiplexed pneumatic matrix enables over 14 programmable coding sequences that independently alter thermal radiation without compromising radar stealth, and allows multimodal camouflage switching between three distinct compatible states. The approach may facilitate the evolution of camouflage techniques and electromagnetic functional materials toward multispectral, adaptability and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyue Yang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ruoling Yu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guangbin Ji
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
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5
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Fan Z, Hwang T, Lin S, Chen Y, Wong ZJ. Directional thermal emission and display using pixelated non-imaging micro-optics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4544. [PMID: 38806506 PMCID: PMC11133454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermal radiation is intrinsically broadband, incoherent and non-directional. The ability to beam thermal energy preferentially in one direction is not only of fundamental importance, but it will enable high radiative efficiency critical for many thermal sensing, imaging, and energy devices. Over the years, different photonic materials and structures have been designed utilizing resonant and propagating modes to generate directional thermal emission. However, such thermal emission is narrowband and polarised, leading to limited thermal transfer efficiency. Here we experimentally demonstrate ultrabroadband polarisation-independent directional control of thermal radiation with a pixelated directional micro-emitter. Our compact pixelated directional micro-emitter facilitates tunable angular control of thermal radiation through non-imaging optical principles, producing a large emissivity contrast at different view angles. Using this platform, we further create a pixelated infrared display, where information is only observable at certain directions. Our pixelated non-imaging micro-optics approach can enable efficient radiative cooling, infrared spectroscopy, thermophotovoltaics, and thermal camouflaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Fan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Taeseung Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Sam Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Zi Jing Wong
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
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6
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Gong Y, Wang H, Luo J, Chen J, Qu Z. Research Progress of Bioinspired Structural Color in Camouflage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2564. [PMID: 38893828 PMCID: PMC11173615 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Bioinspired structural color represents a burgeoning field that draws upon principles, strategies, and concepts derived from biological systems to inspire the design of novel technologies or products featuring reversible color changing mechanisms, with significant potential applications for camouflage, sensors, anticounterfeiting, etc. This mini-review focuses specifically on the research progress of bioinspired structural color in the realm of camouflage. Firstly, it discusses fundamental mechanisms of coloration in biological systems, encompassing pigmentation, structural coloration, fluorescence, and bioluminescence. Subsequently, it delineates three modulation strategies-namely, photonic crystals, film interference, and plasmonic modulation-that contribute to the development of bioinspired structural color materials or devices. Moreover, the review critically assesses the integration of bioinspired structural color materials with environmental contexts, with a particular emphasis on their application in camouflage. Finally, the paper outlines persisting challenges and suggests future development trends in the camouflage field via bioinspired structural color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China;
| | - Haibin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China;
| | - Jianxin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China;
| | - Jiwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China;
| | - Zhengyao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
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7
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Gu Y, Xu H, Li Z. Thermal Emission Modulation by Electron Population in Quantum Dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:216901. [PMID: 38856240 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.216901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We report an efficient temperature modulation of thermal emissivity near room temperature using quantum dots. The quantum confinement effects result in a unique feature that resembles a quasi-two-level electronic system (QTLES). The QTLES's dielectric function ϵ(ω) is shown to be dependent on the electron population difference δρ(T), which exhibits strong temperature dependence and can be tuned by adjusting the Fermi-level of the solid. Experiments with the Ag_{2}Se quantum dots confirm the theory and showcase a modulate rate dε/dT≈1.5×10^{-3} K^{-1} that meets the requirements for engineering applications. This study demonstrates an exciting new avenue for temperature modulation of thermal emission and may open up new possibilities for applications like energy harvesting, thermal camouflage, thermal rectifications, and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Haixiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
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8
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Tang H, Stan L, Czaplewski DA, Yang X, Gao J. Infrared phase-change chiral metasurfaces with tunable circular dichroism. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:20136-20145. [PMID: 38859130 DOI: 10.1364/oe.525756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Integrating phase-change materials in metasurfaces has emerged as a powerful strategy to realize optical devices with tunable electromagnetic responses. Here, phase-change chiral metasurfaces based on GST-225 material with the designed trapezoid-shaped resonators are demonstrated to achieve tunable circular dichroism (CD) responses in the infrared regime. The asymmetric trapezoid-shaped resonators are designed to support two chiral plasmonic resonances with opposite CD responses for realizing switchable CD between negative and positive values using the GST phase change from amorphous to crystalline. The electromagnetic field distributions of the chiral plasmonic resonant modes are analyzed to understand the chiroptical responses of the metasurface. Furthermore, the variations in the absorption spectrum and CD value for the metasurface as a function of the baking time during the GST phase transition are analyzed to reveal the underlying thermal tuning process of the metasurface. The demonstrated phase-change metasurfaces with tunable CD responses hold significant promise in enabling many applications in the infrared regime such as chiral sensing, encrypted communication, and thermal imaging.
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9
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Alvi MH, Maqsood H, Iftikhar F, Akhtar S, Khan MQ, Nawab Y, Kim IS. Fabrication of Multifunctional Tents Using Canvas Fabric. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17706-17725. [PMID: 38680368 PMCID: PMC11044260 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Herein, this study was compiled to investigate a suitable solution for the fabrication and development of the multifunctional defense tent from previously reported research. The military always needs to protect their soldiers and equipment from detection. The advancement of infrared detection technology emphasizes the significance of infrared camouflage materials, reducing thermal emissions for various applications. Objects emit infrared radiation detectable by devices, making military targets easily identifiable. Infrared camouflage mitigates detection by lowering an object's infrared radiation, achieved by methods such as reducing surface temperature, which is crucial in designing military tents with infrared (IR) camouflage, considering water repellency and antibacterial features. Water repellency, as well as antimicrobial properties, in army tents is also important as they have to survive in different situations. All these problems should be addressed with the required properties; therefore, the authors try to introduce a new method from which multifunctional tents can be produced through economical, multifunctional, and sustainable materials that have IR protection, water repellency, ultraviolet (UV) protection, air filtration and permeability, and antimicrobial properties. There is still no tent that performs multiple functions at a time, even those functions that do not correlate with each other such as water repellency, IR protection, antimicrobial, and air permeability. So, a multifunctional tent could be the solution to all these problems having all the properties discussed above. In this study based on the literature review, authors concluded a method for the required tent for canvas fabric coated with zinc sulfide (ZnS), graphene oxide (GO), and zinc oxide (ZnO), or these materials should be incorporated in fiber formation because fiber composition has more impact. These multifunctional tents will be very beneficial due to their multifunctions like weather resistance, durability, and long life. These would help the army in their missions by concealing their soldiers and equipment from detection by cameras and providing filtered air inside the tent in case of gases or explosions. The proposed method will help to fulfill the stated and implied needs of customers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Abbas Haider Alvi
- Department of Textile Engineering,
School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Hira Maqsood
- Department of Textile Engineering,
School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Iftikhar
- Department of Textile Engineering,
School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Department of Clothing, School of Engineering
& Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qamar Khan
- Department of Textile Engineering,
School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Textile Engineering,
School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Ick Soo Kim
- Division of Frontier Fiber, Institute
of Fiber Engineering, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research
(ICCER), Faculty of Textile Sciences, Shinshu
University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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10
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Xiong Y, Zhang G, Tian Y, Wang JL, Wang Y, Zhuo Z, Zhao X. Optimization of a Ge 2Sb 2Te 5-Based Electrically Tunable Phase-Change Thermal Emitter for Dynamic Thermal Camouflage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1641. [PMID: 38612154 PMCID: PMC11012450 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Controlling infrared thermal radiations can significantly improve the environmental adaptability of targets and has attracted increasing attention in the field of thermal camouflage. Thermal emitters based on Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) can flexibly change their radiation energy by controlling the reversible phase transition of GST, which possesses fast switching speed and low power consumption. However, the feasibility of the dynamic regulation of GST emitters lacks experimental and simulation verification. In this paper, we propose an electrically tunable thermal emitter consisting of a metal-insulator-metal plasmonic metasurface based on GST. Both optical and thermal simulations are conducted to optimize the structural parameters of the GST emitter. The results indicate that this emitter possesses large emissivity tunability, wide incident angle, polarization insensitivity, phase-transition feasibility, and dynamic thermal camouflage capability. Therefore, this work proposes a reliable optimization method to design viable GST-based thermal emitters. Moreover, it provides theoretical support for the practical application of phase-change materials in dynamic infrared thermal camouflage technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xiong
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guoxu Zhang
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yaolan Tian
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun-Lei Wang
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yunzheng Wang
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhuang Zhuo
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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11
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Luo M, Xie T, Li X, Zheng L, Du T, Zhang Z, Yang J. Compatible camouflage for dual-band guided-laser radar and infrared via a metamaterial perfect absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:11221-11240. [PMID: 38570975 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Laser-guided detector and infrared detection have attracted increasing attention in a wide range of research fields, including multispectral detection, radiative cooling, and thermal management. Previously reported absorbers presented shortcomings of lacking either tunability or compatibility. In this study, a metamaterial perfect absorber based on a Helmholtz resonator and fractal structure is proposed, which realizes tunable perfect absorptivity (α 1.06μ m >0.99,α 10.6μ m >0.99) of guided-laser radar dual operating bands (1.06 µm and 10.6 µm) and a low infrared average emissivity (ε¯3-5μ m =0.03,ε¯8-14μ m =0.31) in two atmospheric windows for compatible camouflage. The proposed perfect absorber provides a dynamically tunable absorptivity without structural changes and can be applied to optical communication, military stealth or protection, and electromagnetic detection.
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12
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Xu ZH, Xu S, Qian C, Xu W, Ren H, Su W, Chen QD, Chen H, Sun HB. Chimera metasurface for multiterrain invisibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309096120. [PMID: 38285934 PMCID: PMC10861904 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309096120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Invisibility, a fascinating ability of hiding objects within environments, has attracted broad interest for a long time. However, current invisibility technologies are still restricted to stationary environments and narrow band. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a Chimera metasurface for multiterrain invisibility by synthesizing the natural camouflage traits of various poikilotherms. The metasurface achieves chameleon-like broadband in situ tunable microwave reflection mimicry of realistic water surface, shoal, beach/desert, grassland, and frozen ground from 8 to 12 GHz freely via the circuit-topology-transited mode evolution, while remaining optically transparent as an invisible glass frog. Additionally, the mechanic-driven Chimera metasurface without active electrothermal effect, owning a bearded dragon-like thermal acclimation, can decrease the maximum thermal imaging difference to 3.1 °C in tested realistic terrains, which cannot be recognized by human eyes. Our work transitions camouflage technologies from the constrained scenario to ever-changing terrains and constitutes a big advance toward the new-generation reconfigurable electromagnetics with circuit-topology dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Su Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Chao Qian
- Zhejiang University-University of Ilinois Urbana-Champaign Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua321099, China
| | - Wenya Xu
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Hang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Qi-Dai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Zhejiang University-University of Ilinois Urbana-Champaign Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua321099, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing100084, China
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13
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Zhang B, Wang B, Chamoli SK. Wide-angle camouflage detectors by manipulating emissivity using a non-reciprocal metasurface array. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4011-4020. [PMID: 38224166 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Camouflage detectors that can detect incoming radiation from any angle without being detected are extremely important in stealth, guided missile, and heat-seeking missile industries. In order to accomplish this, the absorption and emission processes must be manipulated simultaneously. However, Kirchhoff's fundamental law suggests that absorption and emission are always in the same direction α(θ) = ε(θ), i.e., absorption and emission are reciprocal. This means that the emission from the detector always points back to the source, for example towards a laser source in a guided missile. Thus, detector emission serves as a complementary measure to hide an object. Here, we present a novel camouflage detector that uses a nonreciprocal metasurface array to independently detect the direction of the incoming radiation as well as manipulate its emissivity response. This is accomplished by using a magneto-optical material called indium arsenide (InAs), which breaks Lorentz reciprocity and Kirchhoff's fundamental law such that α(θ) ≠ ε(θ). This design results in the following absorption and emission: α(θ) = ε(-θ). Nine metasurfaces were designed, optimized, and operated at different incident angles from +50° to -50° at a wavelength of 13 μm. Furthermore, by keeping all metasurfaces in a pixilated array form, one could make a device that works over the full ±50° range. Potentially, this array of nonreciprocal metasurfaces can be used to fabricate thermal emitters or solar-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Zhang
- Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering (CQCEE), Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering (CQCEE), Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Sandeep Kumar Chamoli
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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14
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Bao F, Jape S, Schramka A, Wang J, McGraw TE, Jacob Z. Why thermal images are blurry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:3852-3865. [PMID: 38297597 DOI: 10.1364/oe.506634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The resolution of optical imaging is limited by diffraction as well as detector noise. However, thermal imaging exhibits an additional unique phenomenon of ghosting which results in blurry and low-texture images. Here, we provide a detailed view of thermal physics-driven texture and explain why it vanishes in thermal images capturing heat radiation. We show that spectral resolution in thermal imagery can help recover this texture, and we provide algorithms to recover texture close to the ground truth. We develop a simulator for complex 3D scenes and discuss the interplay of geometric textures and non-uniform temperatures which is common in real-world thermal imaging. We demonstrate the failure of traditional thermal imaging to recover ground truth in multiple scenarios while our thermal perception approach successfully recovers geometric textures. Finally, we put forth an experimentally feasible infrared Bayer-filter approach to achieve thermal perception in pitch darkness as vivid as optical imagery in broad daylight.
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15
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Pisharody GR, Sahoo P, Shankar Rao DS, Ramakrishna Matte HSS, Sikdar D, Krishna Prasad S. IR regulation through preferential placement of h-BN nanosheets in a polymer network liquid crystal. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:554-565. [PMID: 37982355 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in devices which effectively shield near-infrared light with an additional feature of external field tunability, particularly for energy-saving applications. This article demonstrates an approach for fabricating a highly efficient near-infrared regulating device based on a polymer network liquid crystal reinforced with nanosheets of hexagonal-boron nitride (BN). The device achieves ∼84% IR scattering capability over a wavelength range of 800-2300 nm, and can also be regulated by an electric field. Interestingly, the observed high IR regulation is despite individual components of the composite being IR transparent, in stark contrast to earlier attempted incorporation of IR-absorbing/scattering particles. Detailed experimental characterization methods including FESEM corroborated with EDS and Raman spectroscopy suggest that the preferential positioning of the BN nanosheets, a consequence of the photo-polymerization process, is responsible for the observed feature. The IR reflectivity/back scattering that is doubled upon incorporation of the nanosheets results in an enhanced convective/radiative heat barrier capability, as evidenced by thermal imaging and significant (2 °C) reduction in ambient temperature upon one-Sun illumination. Numerical simulation results are also found to be in good agreement with the observed enhanced reflectance values for the BN-incorporated case. The presence of BN augments the mechanical rigidity of the system by a factor of 6.8 without compromising on the device operating voltage. The protocol employed is quite general and thus advantageous with far-reaching applications in passive cooling of buildings and structures, in thermal camouflaging, and in overall energy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri R Pisharody
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru 562162, India.
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Priyabrata Sahoo
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru 562162, India.
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - D S Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru 562162, India.
| | - H S S Ramakrishna Matte
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru 562162, India.
| | - Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - S Krishna Prasad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi, Survey No. 7, Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru 562162, India.
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16
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Yao B, Xu X, Han Z, Xu W, Yang G, Guo J, Li G, Wang Q, Wang H. Cephalopod-inspired polymer composites with mechanically tunable infrared properties. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2962-2972. [PMID: 37940450 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods have evolved an all-soft skin that can rapidly display colors for protection, predation, or communication. Development of synthetic analogs to mimic such color-changing abilities in the infrared (IR) region is pivotal to a variety of technologies ranging from soft robotics, flexible displays, dynamic thermoregulatory systems, to adaptive IR disguise platforms. However, the integration of tissue-like mechanical properties and rapid IR modulation ability into smart materials remains challenging. Here, by drawing inspiration from cephalopod skin, we develop an all-soft adaptive IR composite that can dynamically change its IR appearance upon equiaxial stretching. The biomimetic composite is built entirely from soft materials of liquid metal droplets and elastic elastomer, which are analogs of chromatophores and dermal layer of cephalopod skin, respectively. Driven by externally applied strains, the liquid metal inclusions transition between a contracted droplet state with corrugated surface and an expanded platelet state with relatively smooth surface, enabling dynamic variations in the IR reflectance/emissivity of the composite and ultimately resulting in reversible IR adaption. Strain-actuated flexible IR displays and pneumatically-driven soft devices that can dynamically manipulate their IR appearance are demonstrated as examples of the applicability of this material in emerging adaptive soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yao
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China; State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802, USA
| | - Xinwei Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhubing Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802, USA
| | - Wenhan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provisional Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA 16802, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provisional Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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17
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Tang H, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Li R, Wei B, Gong S, He X, Yang L, Yan B, Sun H, Mitri FG. Scattering of a radially polarized Bessel beam by a PEMC sphere: photonic nanojet and bottle beam formation. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:9164-9174. [PMID: 38108755 DOI: 10.1364/ao.506734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The scattering of a radially polarized (r p) Bessel vortex and nonvortex beam by a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) sphere is studied based on the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. The electric and magnetic fields of the incident arbitrary-shaped polarized beams are constructed using vector spherical wave functions (VSWFs) and beam shape coefficients. The analytical expression of the scattered field is expanded using VSWFs and scattering coefficients, which are derived by considering PEMC boundary conditions. The expression of the normalized dimensionless far-field scattering intensity (NDFSI) is also defined and derived. The photonic nanojet (PNJ) and the "bottle beam" generated by the interaction between the PEMC sphere and the vortex and nonvortex Bessel beam under r p are emphasized in this paper. Moreover, the intensity and directivity of NDFSI are also considered. It has been found that the generation of the PNJ and the "bottle beam" is determined by the half-cone angle α 0 of the r p Bessel beam and admittance parameter M of the PEMC sphere. Furthermore, the influence of M, α 0, and integer order l of the Bessel beam on the intensity and distribution of NDFSI is also discussed. The findings are important in the research on meta-materials and promising prospects in microwave engineering, antenna engineering, imaging, subwavelength focusing, optical radiation force, and torque.
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18
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Gao H, Liang Y, Huang Y, Huang H, Li R, Peng W. Multiwavelength camouflage metamaterials with adjustable emissivity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36770-36780. [PMID: 38017820 DOI: 10.1364/oe.497472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials-based multispectral camouflage has attracted growing interest in most fields of military and aerospace due to its unprecedented emission adjustability covering an ultra-broadband spectral range. Conventional camouflage mainly concentrates on an individual spectral range, e. g. either of visible, mid-wavelength-infrared (MWIR) or long-wavelength-infrared (LWIR), which is especially incapable of self-adaptive thermal camouflage to the changing ambient environment. Here, we theoretically demonstrate a multispectral camouflage metamaterial consisting of a four-layer titanium/silicon/vanadium dioxide/ titanium (Ti/Si/VO2/Ti) nanostructure, where the background temperature-adaptive thermal camouflage is implemented by exploiting the switchable metal/dielectric state of the phase-changing material VO2 for regulating the infrared emissivity of the designed metamaterial, whilst visible color camouflage is also achieved by tuning thickness of middle Si layer to match the background's appearance. It has been shown that the designed metamaterial with the dielectric state of VO2 enables thermal camouflage of high background temperature by increasing the thermal emission (average emissivity of 0.69/0.83 for MWIR/LWIR range), meanwhile, the metamaterial of the metallic state of VO2 for low background temperature thermal camouflage stemming from low emission (average emissivity of 0.29 for both MWIR/LWIR range) due to high infrared reflection. Furthermore, the designed metamaterial structural color is robust for a phase change switching. This proposed adaptive camouflage provides a potential strategy to broaden dynamical camouflage technology for further practical application in the fields of military and civilian.
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19
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Prabhathan P, Sreekanth KV, Teng J, Ko JH, Yoo YJ, Jeong HH, Lee Y, Zhang S, Cao T, Popescu CC, Mills B, Gu T, Fang Z, Chen R, Tong H, Wang Y, He Q, Lu Y, Liu Z, Yu H, Mandal A, Cui Y, Ansari AS, Bhingardive V, Kang M, Lai CK, Merklein M, Müller MJ, Song YM, Tian Z, Hu J, Losurdo M, Majumdar A, Miao X, Chen X, Gholipour B, Richardson KA, Eggleton BJ, Sharda K, Wuttig M, Singh R. Roadmap for phase change materials in photonics and beyond. iScience 2023; 26:107946. [PMID: 37854690 PMCID: PMC10579438 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have demonstrated tremendous potential as a platform for achieving diverse functionalities in active and reconfigurable micro-nanophotonic devices across the electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from terahertz to visible frequencies. This comprehensive roadmap reviews the material and device aspects of PCMs, and their diverse applications in active and reconfigurable micro-nanophotonic devices across the electromagnetic spectrum. It discusses various device configurations and optimization techniques, including deep learning-based metasurface design. The integration of PCMs with Photonic Integrated Circuits and advanced electric-driven PCMs are explored. PCMs hold great promise for multifunctional device development, including applications in non-volatile memory, optical data storage, photonics, energy harvesting, biomedical technology, neuromorphic computing, thermal management, and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patinharekandy Prabhathan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Shoujun Zhang
- DELL, Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education of China), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tun Cao
- DELL, School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Cosmin-Constantin Popescu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Mills
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tian Gu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhuoran Fang
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Hao Tong
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang He
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yitao Lu
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Avik Mandal
- Nanoscale Optics Lab, ECE Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yihao Cui
- Nanoscale Optics Lab, ECE Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Abbas Sheikh Ansari
- Nanoscale Optics Lab, ECE Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Viraj Bhingardive
- Nanoscale Optics Lab, ECE Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Myungkoo Kang
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Choon Kong Lai
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Moritz Merklein
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Viral Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Tian
- DELL, Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology (Ministry of Education of China), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Juejun Hu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Losurdo
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, CNR-ICMATE, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Xiangshui Miao
- Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Behrad Gholipour
- Nanoscale Optics Lab, ECE Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kathleen A. Richardson
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Eggleton
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kanudha Sharda
- iScience, Cell Press, 125 London Wall, Barbican, London EC2Y 5AJ, UK
- iScience, Cell Press, RELX India Pvt Ltd., 14th Floor, Building No. 10B, DLF Cyber City, Phase II, Gurugram, Haryana 122002, India
| | - Matthias Wuttig
- Institute of Physics IA, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI 10), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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20
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Nong J, Jiang X, Wei X, Zhang Y, Li N, Li X, Chen H, He X, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Yang J. Optical transparent metamaterial with multi-band compatible camouflage based on inverse design. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:33622-33637. [PMID: 37859139 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) thermal camouflage and management are deeply desirable in the field of military and astronomy. While IR compatible with laser camouflage technology is extensively studied to counter modern detection systems, most existing strategies for visible light camouflage focus on color matching, which is not suitable for scenarios requiring transparency. In this work, we propose an optically transparent metamaterial with multi-band compatible camouflage capability based on the inverse design. The metamaterial consists of Ag grating, Si3N4 dielectric spacer layer, Ag reflection layer, and Si3N4 anti-reflective layer. An ideal multi-band compatible spectrum is involved in the inverse design algorithm. Calculated results demonstrate high transmittance (T0.38-0.78µm = 0.70) in the visible region, low reflectance (R1.55µm = 0.01) in laser working wavelength, high reflectance (R3-5µm = 0.86 and R8-14µm = 0.92) in the dual-band atmospheric window, and high emissivity (ɛ5-8µm = 0.61) for the non-atmospheric window. The radiative heat flux in the detected band is 31W/m2 and 201W/m2 respectively. Furthermore, the incident and polarized insensitivity of the proposed metamaterial supports applicability for practical situations. This work, emphasizes an effective strategy for conducting optically transparent design with compatible IR-laser camouflage as well as radiative cooling properties by an automated design approach.
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21
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Chai J, Chen J, Kang Z, Lu L, Tang CH, Fan J. Temperature-adaptive rooftop covering with synergetic modulation of solar and thermal radiation for maximal energy saving. iScience 2023; 26:107388. [PMID: 37554460 PMCID: PMC10404751 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy consumption for maintaining desired indoor temperature accounts for 20% of primary energy use worldwide. Passive rooftop modulation of solar/thermal radiation without external energy input has a great potential in building energy saving. However, existing passive rooftop modulation techniques failed to simultaneously modulate solar/thermal radiation in response to rooftop surface temperature which is closely related to the building thermal loads, leading to limited or even counter-productive overall energy saving. Here, we report the development of a surface temperature-adaptive rooftop covering with synergetic solar and thermal modulations. The covering, made of a scalable metalized polyethylene film, demonstrated excellent solar absorptance modulation (72.5%) and thermal emissivity modulation (79%) in response to its temperature change from 22°C (indoor heating setpoint) to 25°C (indoor cooling setpoint), and vice versa. Building energy simulations demonstrate that the proposed rooftop covering can achieve all-season energy savings across all climate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Chai
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianheng Chen
- Renewable Energy Research Group (RERG), Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhanxiao Kang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Renewable Energy Research Group (RERG), Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Hung Tang
- The Surface Engineering Unit of the Additive Manufacturing Stream, Industrial Centre, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jintu Fan
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Chamoli SK, Li W. Visibly transparent multifunctional camouflage coating with efficient thermal management. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4340-4343. [PMID: 37582027 DOI: 10.1364/ol.494539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Camouflage technology has attracted growing interest in many thermal applications. In particular, high-temperature infrared (IR) camouflage is crucial to the effective concealment of high-temperature objects but remains a challenging issue, as the thermal radiation of an object is proportional to the fourth power of temperature. Here, we proposed a coating to demonstrate high-temperature IR camouflage with efficient thermal management. This coating is a combination of hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM), gradient epsilon near zero (G-ENZ) material, and polymer. HMM makes the coating transparent in the visible range (300-700 nm) and highly reflective in the IR region, so it can serve as a thermal camouflage in the IR. G-ENZ and polymer support BE mode (at higher angles ∼50° to 90° in the 11-14 µm atmospheric window) and vibrational absorption band (in 5-8 µm non-atmospheric for all angles), respectively. So it is possible to achieve efficient thermal management through radiative cooling. We calculate the temperature of the object's surface, considering the emissivity characteristics of the coating for different heating temperatures. A combination of silica aerogel and coating can significantly reduce the surface temperature from 2000 K to 750 K. The proposed coating can also be used in the visible transparent radiative cooling due to high transmission in the visible, high reflection in the near-IR (NIR), and highly directional emissivity in the atmospheric window at higher angles, and can therefore potentially be used as a smart window in buildings and vehicles. Finally, we discuss one more potential future application of such a multifunctional coating in water condensation and purification.
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23
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Ji D, Li X, Rezeq M, Cantwell W, Zheng L. Long-Term Stable Thermal Emission Modulator Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37818-37827. [PMID: 37523775 PMCID: PMC10416147 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic control of a material's thermal emission could enable many emerging applications, such as thermal camouflage and infrared (IR) display. Low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials have shown great potential in these applications because of their tuneability in charge density via static gating or ionic intercalation. Herein, a thermal emission modulator based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is realized by ionic gating. The Fermi energy of the SWCNTs is shifted via the adsorption of ions on the surface, and the highest emissivity is observed at the neutral state while both P-type and N-type SWCNTs have a reduced emissivity. An emissivity modulation range is achieved approximately from 0.45 to 0.95 within the electrochemical window of the used ionic liquid. Thermal camouflage and IR display applications are then demonstrated by utilizing the tuneable thermal emissivity of the fabricated SWNCT films. More importantly, a single-layer structure allows effective dynamic control purely by static gating, without involving any ion interaction process that may cause structural damage, as observed in graphene and multi-walled nanotubes. Therefore, the SWCNT-based IR modulators exhibit long-term stability, with nearly identical modulation range and response time after 6000 dynamic tuning cycles, indicating great potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuang Ji
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xuan Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moh’d Rezeq
- Department
of Physics, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- System
on Chip Center, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wesley Cantwell
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Aerospace Research and Innovation Center
(ARIC), Khalifa University of Science and
Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu
Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lianxi Zheng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
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24
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Wang CH, Liu MX, Pan CC, Jiang ZY. Broadband directional thermal radiator with flexible intensity–directivity tunability in the whole visible spectrum. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2023; 123. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0156810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling spectral and directional distributions of thermal radiation plays an important role in designing functional structures for thermal management. As a wideband phenomenon, thermal radiation is supposed to be manipulated within broad wave ranges for the case of practical thermal applications. However, currently, it is still challenging to constrain broadband radiation into wanted directions in a controllable manner. In this work, based on light-trapping effects mediated by periodic germanium strips on a silver substrate, we design a thermal radiator with broadband directional (BBD) emissivity in the whole visible spectrum. The radiator is free from intricate nanofabrication and can achieve low-dispersive directional emissivity within a continuous wave range of 0.4–0.8 μm. In addition, the proposed radiator exhibits flexible tunability on the BBD performance and emission intensity, making it an outstanding candidate for functional surfaces in thermal energy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Hai Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chong-Chao Pan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ze-Yi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
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25
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Pan M, Fu Y, Zang Y, Zheng M, Chen H, He X, Lu Y, Chen Y. Reversibly reconfigurable GSST metasurface for broadband beam steering and achromatic focusing in the long-wave infrared. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:22554-22568. [PMID: 37475363 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Active optical metasurfaces promise compact, lightweight, and energy-efficient optical systems with unprecedented performance. Chalcogenide phase-change material Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) has shown tremendous advantages in the design of mid-infrared active metasurfaces. However, most of the GSST-based active metasurfaces can only work efficiently within a narrow frequency range. Furthermore, their design flexibility and reversible switching capability are severely restricted by the melting of GSST during re-amorphization. Here, we propose broadband, reversibly tunable, GSST-based transmissive metasurfaces operating in the long-wave infrared spectrum, where the GSST micro-rods are cladded by refractory materials. To accurately evaluate the performance of the proposed metasurfaces, two figures of merits are defined: FOMΦ for the evaluation of wavefront matching, and FOMop for the assessment of the overall performance incorporating both wavefront modulation efficiency and switching contrast ratio. For the proof of concept, two meta-devices are numerically presented: a multifunctional deflector that offers continuous beam steering and long-wave pass filtering simultaneously, and a large-area (1 cm × 1 cm) broadband (11-14 µm) varifocal metalens with the ability of achromatic imaging (12.5-13.5 µm). In particular, the metalens features high FOMop values over 16 dB in the achromatic band, with the average focusing efficiency approximating 70% (60%) in amorphous (crystalline) state and a spectral switching contrast ratio surpassing 25 dB. Our design scheme provides an additional degree of freedom for dynamic modulation and offers a novel approach for achieving high-efficiency mid-infrared compact optical devices.
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26
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Bao F, Wang X, Sureshbabu SH, Sreekumar G, Yang L, Aggarwal V, Boddeti VN, Jacob Z. Heat-assisted detection and ranging. Nature 2023; 619:743-748. [PMID: 37495879 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Machine perception uses advanced sensors to collect information about the surrounding scene for situational awareness1-7. State-of-the-art machine perception8 using active sonar, radar and LiDAR to enhance camera vision9 faces difficulties when the number of intelligent agents scales up10,11. Exploiting omnipresent heat signal could be a new frontier for scalable perception. However, objects and their environment constantly emit and scatter thermal radiation, leading to textureless images famously known as the 'ghosting effect'12. Thermal vision thus has no specificity limited by information loss, whereas thermal ranging-crucial for navigation-has been elusive even when combined with artificial intelligence (AI)13. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate heat-assisted detection and ranging (HADAR) overcoming this open challenge of ghosting and benchmark it against AI-enhanced thermal sensing. HADAR not only sees texture and depth through the darkness as if it were day but also perceives decluttered physical attributes beyond RGB or thermal vision, paving the way to fully passive and physics-aware machine perception. We develop HADAR estimation theory and address its photonic shot-noise limits depicting information-theoretic bounds to HADAR-based AI performance. HADAR ranging at night beats thermal ranging and shows an accuracy comparable with RGB stereovision in daylight. Our automated HADAR thermography reaches the Cramér-Rao bound on temperature accuracy, beating existing thermography techniques. Our work leads to a disruptive technology that can accelerate the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0)14 with HADAR-based autonomous navigation and human-robot social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Bao
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xueji Wang
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shree Hari Sureshbabu
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Liping Yang
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Vaneet Aggarwal
- School of Industrial Engineering and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Zubin Jacob
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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27
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Tang H, Stan L, Czaplewski DA, Yang X, Gao J. Wavelength-tunable infrared chiral metasurfaces with phase-change materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:21118-21127. [PMID: 37381219 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Optical phase-change materials exhibit tunable permittivity and switching properties during phase transition, which offers the possibility of dynamic control of optical devices. Here, a wavelength-tunable infrared chiral metasurface integrated with phase-change material GST-225 is demonstrated with the designed unit cell of parallelogram-shaped resonator. By varying the baking time at a temperature above the phase transition temperature of GST-225, the resonance wavelength of the chiral metasurface is tuned in the wavelength range of 2.33 µm to 2.58 µm, while the circular dichroism in absorption is maintained around 0.44. The chiroptical response of the designed metasurface is revealed by analyzing the electromagnetic field and displacement current distributions under left- and right-handed circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) light illumination. Moreover, the photothermal effect is simulated to investigate the large temperature difference in the chiral metasurface under LCP and RCP illumination, which allows for the possibility of circular polarization-controlled phase transition. The presented chiral metasurfaces with phase-change materials offer the potential to facilitate promising applications in the infrared regime, such as chiral thermal switching, infrared imaging, and tunable chiral photonics.
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28
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Zhou Z, Fang Y, Liu R, Hu R, Zhou J, Hu B. Reconfigurable mechano-responsive soft film for adaptive visible and infrared dual-band camouflage. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2756-2759. [PMID: 37186758 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Learning from nature in terms of the camouflage used by species has enabled the continuous development of camouflage technologies for the visible to mid-infrared bands to prevent objects from being detected by sophisticated multispectral detectors, thereby avoiding potential threats. However, achieving visible and infrared dual-band camouflage without destructive interference while also realizing rapidly responsive adaptivity to the varying background remains challenging for high-demand camouflage systems. Here, we report a reconfigurable mechano-responsive soft film for dual-band camouflage. Its modulation ranges for visible transmittance and longwave infrared emittance can be up to 66.3% and 21%, respectively. Rigorous optical simulations are performed to elucidate the modulation mechanism of dual-band camouflage and identify the optimal wrinkles required to achieve the goal. The broadband modulation capability (figure of merit) of the camouflage film can be as high as 2.91. Other advantages, such as simple fabrication and a fast response, make this film a potential candidate for dual-band camouflage that can adapt to diverse environments.
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29
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An S, Shi B, Jiang M, Fu B, Song C, Tao P, Shang W, Deng T. Biological and Bioinspired Thermal Energy Regulation and Utilization. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37162476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The regulation and utilization of thermal energy is increasingly important in modern society due to the growing demand for heating and cooling in applications ranging from buildings, to cooling high power electronics, and from personal thermal management to the pursuit of renewable thermal energy technologies. Over billions of years of natural selection, biological organisms have evolved unique mechanisms and delicate structures for efficient and intelligent regulation and utilization of thermal energy. These structures also provide inspiration for developing advanced thermal engineering materials and systems with extraordinary performance. In this review, we summarize research progress in biological and bioinspired thermal energy materials and technologies, including thermal regulation through insulation, radiative cooling, evaporative cooling and camouflage, and conversion and utilization of thermal energy from solar thermal radiation and biological bodies for vapor/electricity generation, temperature/infrared sensing, and communication. Emphasis is placed on introducing bioinspired principles, identifying key bioinspired structures, revealing structure-property-function relationships, and discussing promising and implementable bioinspired strategies. We also present perspectives on current challenges and outlook for future research directions. We anticipate that this review will stimulate further in-depth research in biological and bioinspired thermal energy materials and technologies, and help accelerate the growth of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun An
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Boning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Modi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Benwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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30
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Gao W, Chen Y. Emerging Materials and Strategies for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206145. [PMID: 36604963 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the growing demands for energy saving and accompanying heat mitigation concerns, together with the vital goal for carbon neutrality, have drawn human attention to the zero-energy-consumption cooling technique. Recent breakthroughs in passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) might be a potent approach to combat the energy crisis and environmental challenges by directly dissipating ambient heat from the Earth to the cold outer space instead of only moving the heat across the Earth's surface. Despite significant progress in cooling mechanisms, materials design, and application exploration, PDRC faces potential functionalization, durability, and commercialization challenges. Herein, emerging materials and rational strategies for PDRC devices are reviewed. First, the fundamental physics and thermodynamic concepts of PDRC are examined, followed by a discussion on several categories of PDRC devices developed to date according to their implementation mechanism and material properties. Emerging strategies for performance enhancement and specific functions of PDRC are discussed in detail. Potential applications and possible directions for designing next-generation high-efficiency PDRC are also discussed. It is hoped that this review will contribute to exciting advances in PDRC and aid its potential applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yongping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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31
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Li BX, Luo Z, Yang WG, Sun H, Ding Y, Yu ZZ, Yang D. Adaptive and Adjustable MXene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Aerogel Composites Integrated with Phase-Change Material and Thermochromic Coating for Synchronous Visible/Infrared Camouflages. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6875-6885. [PMID: 36996266 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although single-function camouflage under infrared/visible bands has made great advances, it is still difficult for camouflage materials to cope with the synergy detection spanning both visible and infrared spectra and adapt to complex and variable scenarios. Herein, a trilayer composite integrating thermal insulation, heat absorption, solar/electro-thermal conversions, and thermochromism is fabricated for visible and infrared dual camouflages by combining anisotropic MXene/reduced graphene oxide hybrid aerogel with the n-octadecane phase change material in its bottom and a thermochromic coating on its upper surface. Benefiting from the synergetic heat-transfer suppression derived from the thermal insulation of the porous aerogel layer and the heat absorption of the n-octadecane phase-change layer, the composite can serve as a cloak to hide the target signatures from the infrared images of its ambient surroundings during the day in the jungle and at night in all scenes and can assist the target in escaping visual surveillance by virtue of its green appearance. For desert scenarios, the composite can spontaneously increase its surface temperature via its solar-thermal energy conversion, merging infrared images of the targets into the high-temperature surroundings; meanwhile, it can vary the surface color from the original green to yellow, enabling the target to visually disappear from ambient sands and hills. This work provides a promising strategy for designing adaptive and adjustable integrated camouflage materials to counter multiband surveillance in complicated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Xue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhuo Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei-Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongzhi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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32
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Feng C, Mao M, Zhang X, Liao Y, Xiao X, Liu H, Liu K. Programmable microfluidics for dynamic multiband camouflage. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:43. [PMID: 37033108 PMCID: PMC10073183 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Achieving multiband camouflage covering both visible and infrared regions is challenging due to the broad bandwidth and differentiated regulation demand in diverse regions. In this work, we propose a programmable microfluidic strategy that uses dye molecules in layered fluids to manipulate visible light- and infrared-semitransparent solvent to manipulate infrared light. With three primary fluid inputs, we achieve 64 chromaticity values and 8 emissivities from 0.42 to 0.90. In view of the wide tuning range, we demonstrate that the microfluidic film can dynamically change its surface reflectance to blend into varying backgrounds in both visible and infrared images. Moreover, we fabricate the microfluidic device in a textile form and demonstrate its ability to match exactly with the colors of natural leaves of different seasons in the full hyperspectrum range. Considering the broadband modulation and ease of operation, the programmable microfluidic strategy provides a feasible approach for smart optical surfaces in long-span optical spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Mingran Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Yutian Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Xiaohui Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Huidong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Kang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
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33
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Meng C, Zeng Y, Lu D, Zou H, Wang J, He Q, Yang X, Xu M, Miao X, Zhang X, Li P. Broadband hyperbolic thermal metasurfaces based on the plasmonic phase-change material In 3SbTe 2. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6306-6312. [PMID: 36912480 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermal radiation modulation facilitated by phase change materials (PCMs) needs a large thermal radiation contrast in broadband as well as in a non-volatile phase transition, which are only partially satisfied by conventional PCMs. In contrast, the emerging plasmonic PCM In3SbTe2 (IST) that undergoes a non-volatile dielectric-to-metal phase transition during crystallization offers a fitting solution. Here, we have prepared IST-based hyperbolic thermal metasurfaces and demonstrated their capabilities to modulate thermal radiation. By laser-printing crystalline IST gratings with different fill factors on amorphous IST films, we have achieved multilevel, large-range, and polarization-dependent control of the emissivity modulation (0.07 for the crystalline phase and 0.73 for the amorphous phase) over a broad bandwidth (8-14 μm). With the convenient direct laser writing technique that supports large-scale surface patterning, we have also demonstrated promising applications of thermal anti-counterfeiting with hyperbolic thermal metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Meng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dunzhu Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hongyuan Zou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Junqin Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiang He
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangshui Miao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Peining Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
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34
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Wang L, Dong J, Zhang W, Zheng C, Liu L. Deep Learning Assisted Optimization of Metasurface for Multi-Band Compatible Infrared Stealth and Radiative Thermal Management. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1030. [PMID: 36985924 PMCID: PMC10058171 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) stealth plays a vital role in the modern military field. With the continuous development of detection technology, multi-band (such as near-IR laser and middle-IR) compatible IR stealth is required. Combining rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) with Deep Learning (DL), we design a Ge/Ag/Ge multilayer circular-hole metasurface capable of multi-band IR stealth. It achieves low average emissivity of 0.12 and 0.17 in the two atmospheric windows (3~5 μm and 8~14 μm), while it achieves a relatively high average emissivity of 0.61 between the two atmospheric windows (5~8 μm) for the purpose of radiative thermal management. Additionally, the metasurface has a narrow-band high absorptivity of 0.88 at the near-infrared wavelength (1.54 μm) for laser guidance. For the optimized structure, we also analyze the potential physical mechanisms. The structure we optimized is geometrically simple, which may find practical applications aided with advanced nano-fabrication techniques. Also, our work is instructive for the implementation of DL in the design and optimization of multifunctional IR stealth materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Dong
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chong Zheng
- Science and Technology on Optical Radiation Laboratory, Beijing 100854, China
| | - Linhua Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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35
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Tong L, Xu N, Li H, Yang L, Wang Z, Guo Q, Fan T. Investigation of thermal control in phase-changing ABO 3 perovskites via first-principles predictions: general mechanism of emittance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7302-7311. [PMID: 36810494 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change thermal control has recently seen increased interest due to its significant potential for use in smart windows, building insulation, and optoelectronic devices in spacecraft. Tunable variation in infrared emittance can be achieved by thermally controlling the phase transitions of materials at different temperatures. A high emittance in the mid-infrared region is usually caused by resonant phonon vibrational modes. However, the fundamental mechanism of emittance variation during the phase-change process remains elusive. In this work, the electronic bandgaps, phononic structures, optical-spectrum properties, and formation energies of 76 kinds of phase-changing ABO3 perovskites were predicted based on first-principles calculations in the mid-infrared region. The variation in emittance between two phases of a single material was found to have an exponential correlation with the bandgap difference (R2 ∼ 0.92). Furthermore, a strong linear correlation (R2 ∼ 0.92) was found between the emittance variation and the formation-energy difference, and the emittance variation was also strongly correlated with the volume-distortion rate (R2 ∼ 0.90). Finally, it was concluded that a large lattice vibrational energy, a high formation energy, and a small cell volume are conducive to high emittance. This work provides a strong dataset for training machine-learning models, and it paves the way for further use of this novel methodology to seek efficient phase-change materials for thermal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Nianao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hongchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zhongyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Qixin Guo
- Synchrotron Light Application Center, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Tongxiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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36
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Ren Z, Xu G, Wang B, Song S, Hao T, Liu D, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang L, Li Y. Polyaniline-Based Infrared Dynamic Patterned Encoder with Multiple Thermal Radiation Characteristics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36884015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A high-level infrared dynamic patterned encoder (IR-DPE) possesses prospective applications for energy-harvesting and information, but a simple and reliable method for fabrication remains challenging. Herein, we first report an IR-DPE with multiple thermal radiation characteristics based on polyaniline (PANI). Specifically, the electron-beam evaporation technique is introduced to obtain the divanadium pentoxide (V2O5) coating, and then the V2O5 film acts as an oxidant to drive in situ polymerization of the PANI film. During the process, we experimentally explore the relationship between the thickness of V2O5 and the emissivity of PANI to obtain up to six emissivity levels and achieve the IR pattern integrated into multiple thermal radiation characteristics. The device shows multiple thermal radiation characteristics at the oxidized state, realizing a pattern visible with the IR camera and the same thermal radiation properties at the reduced state, leading to the pattern concealed in the IR regime. In addition, the highest emissivity tunability of the device is to be tuned from 0.40 to 0.82 (Δε = 0.42) at 2.5-25 μm. Meanwhile, the device exhibits a maximum temperature control of up to 5.9 °C. The results show the enormous potential of IR-DPEs for IR information transfer and thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Gaoping Xu
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dongqi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yike Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Leipeng Zhang
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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37
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Musa A, Alam T, Islam MT, Hakim ML, Rmili H, Alshammari AS, Islam MS, Soliman MS. Broadband Plasmonic Metamaterial Optical Absorber for the Visible to Near-Infrared Region. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:626. [PMID: 36838994 PMCID: PMC9960955 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An oblique angle and polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber (MA) are highly desired for the visible and infrared optical applications like, wave energy harvesting, optical filters, and detecting thermal leaks and electrical defects. In this paper, a multi-layered MA consisting of two layers of tungsten resonators on a silicon dioxide substrate, coated with additional SiO2 materials is investigated. The unit cell size of the MA is 0.5λ × 0.5λ × 0.8λ, at the lowest wavelength. The proposed MA offers an average absorption of 92% from 400 nm to 2400 nm with stable oblique incident angles up to 45°. The structure also achieves polarization insensitivity at the entire visible and near-infrared spectrum. Moreover, the MA is found highly compatible for solar absorber applications with high y AAM1.5. The structure is also compatible for filter application in optical communication system by modifying the plasmonic nano structure. The modified structure can block the wavelengths of the visible band (450 nm to 800 nm) and transmit optical communication bands (800 to 1675 nm). These versatile absorption and filtering performance make the proposed design highly potential for solar energy harvesting, photodetection, thermal imaging, photo-trapping, and optical communications applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Musa
- Pusat Sains Angkasa (ANGKASA), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Touhidul Alam
- Pusat Sains Angkasa (ANGKASA), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Tariqul Islam
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Lutful Hakim
- Pusat Sains Angkasa (ANGKASA), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hatem Rmili
- K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Alshammari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Shabiul Islam
- Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed S. Soliman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
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38
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Ko JH, Kim DH, Hong SH, Kim SK, Song YM. Polarization-driven thermal emission regulator based on self-aligned GST nanocolumns. iScience 2022; 26:105780. [PMID: 36590160 PMCID: PMC9800319 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing advances in thermal radiation regulators have attracted growing interest, particularly in infrared sources, thermal management, and camouflage. Despite many advances in dynamic thermal emitters with great controllability, sustained external energy is required to maintain the desired emission. In this study, we present a polarization-driven thermal emission regulator based on a two-way control: i) phase change and ii) polarization tuning. Based on a conventional, non-volatile phase change material, i.e., Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), we newly introduce an anisotropic medium for facile emissivity regulation without heat energy consumption. A rigorous coupled-wave analysis method provides design guidelines for finding optimal structural parameters. We utilized a simple glancing angle deposition process which induces tilted self-aligned nanocolumns with anisotropic properties. The fabricated sample shows polarization-sensitive thermal regulation through thermal imaging spectroscopic measurement. Additionally, we manufactured a multispectral visibly/thermally camouflaged patch that identifies encrypted information at a specific polarization state for a proof-of-concept demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Hong
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea,Anti-Viral Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea,AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author
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39
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Quan C, Gu S, Zou J, Guo C, Xu W, Zhu Z, Zhang J. Phase change metamaterial for tunable infrared stealth and camouflage. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43741-43751. [PMID: 36523066 DOI: 10.1364/oe.478302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the paper, a type of phase change metamaterial for tunable infrared stealth and camouflage is proposed and numerically studied. The metamaterial combines high temperature resistant metal Mo with phase-changing material GST and can be switched between the infrared "stealthy" and "non-stealthy" states through the phase change process of the GST. At the amorphous state of GST, there is a high absorption peak at the atmospheric absorption spectral range, which can achieve infrared stealth in the atmospheric window together with good radiative heat dissipation in the non-atmospheric window. While at the crystalline state of GST, the absorption peak becomes broader and exhibits high absorption in the long-wave infrared atmospheric window, leading to a "non-stealthy" state. The relationship between the infrared stealth performance of the structure with the polarization and incident angle of the incident light is also studied in detail. The proposed infrared stealth metamaterial employs a simple multilayer structure and could be fabricated in large scale. Our work will promote the research of dynamically tunable, large scale phase change metamaterials for infrared stealth as well as energy and other applications.
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40
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Wei Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Cai W, Fan Y, Wang Z, Cheng X. High-efficiency modulation of broadband polarization conversion with a reconfigurable chiral metasurface. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4344-4350. [PMID: 36321137 PMCID: PMC9552751 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an electrically biased reconfigurable chiral metasurface for controlling the polarization conversion and asymmetric transmission in a broadband manner. The reconfigurable metasurface is constructed with coupled three-layer complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) arrays and is loaded with tunable electronic components to achieve dynamic control of reconfigurable chiral coupling in the CSRRs by simply tuning the external voltage on the structure. It is found that the polarization conversion in the metasurface can be effectively and continuously tuned in both experiments and simulations in a broadband frequency range. Meanwhile, the reconfigurable metasurface shows an asymmetric transmission (AT) effect in a broadband range for a polarized wave. The proposed reconfigurable chiral metasurface based on the active tuning of connection in the meta-structure with few functional layers is confirmed as an effective strategy for multi-functional polarization manipulation. The reported broadband properties of the chiral metasurface are promising for polarization manipulation in optical bands and applications in wireless communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyong Wei
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Digital Optics, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Digital Optics, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Weiqi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Yuancheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Digital Optics, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Xinbin Cheng
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Digital Optics, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
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41
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Ko JH, Yoo YJ, Lee Y, Jeong HH, Song YM. A review of tunable photonics: Optically active materials and applications from visible to terahertz. iScience 2022; 25:104727. [PMID: 35865136 PMCID: PMC9294196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The next frontier of photonics is evolving into reconfigurable platforms with tunable functions to realize the ubiquitous application. The dynamic control of optical properties of photonics is highly desirable for a plethora of applications, including optical communication, dynamic display, self-adaptive photonics, and multi-spectral camouflage. Recently, to meet the dynamic response over broad optical bands, optically active materials have been integrated with the diverse photonic platforms, typically in the dimension of micro/nanometer scales. Here, we review recent advances in tunable photonics with controlling optical properties from visible to terahertz (THz) spectral range. We propose guidelines for designing tunable photonics in conjunction with optically active materials, inherent in wavelength characteristics. In particular, we devote our review to their potential uses for five different applications: structural coloration, metasurface for flat optics, photonic memory, thermal radiation, and terahertz plasmonics. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the challenges and prospects of tunable photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Viral Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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42
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Yuan L, Huang C, Liao J, Ji C, Huang J, Wang Y, Luo X. A Dynamic Thermal Camouflage Metadevice with Microwave Scattering Reduction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201054. [PMID: 35666027 PMCID: PMC9353466 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With rapid development of radar and infrared (IR) surveillance technologies, the need for microwave-IR compatible camouflage is now more than ever. Here, a novel multispectral metadevice is proposed to simultaneously achieve microwave scattering reduction, dynamic IR camouflage, and low IR reflection. This metadevice is constructed by the coding thermoelectric elements with the properly designed phase arrangement, and the incident microwave energy can be redirected to the nonthreatening directions for specular reflection reduction. The dynamic IR camouflage with low IR reflection is realized by using the thermoelectric cooling and heating effect and high-IR-absorptivity surface. The above three functionalities are demonstrated by experimental measurement. The 10 dB scattering reduction can be realized at the microwave band of 10-16.1 GHz. In the IR region, the designed metadevice can not only dynamically modulate the surface temperature for matching different background temperatures, but also realize the pixel temperature control for adapting to a spatially varying thermal background. In addition, it reflects almost no surrounding thermal signals compared with the traditional low-emissivity IR stealth material. This study paves an effective way to achieve microwave-IR compatible camouflage, which may inspire the future researches and applications in multispectral camouflage and stealth fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- School of OptoelectronicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jianming Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- School of OptoelectronicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Chen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
| | - Jingkai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- School of OptoelectronicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuetang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- School of OptoelectronicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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43
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Zheng C, Simpson RE, Tang K, Ke Y, Nemati A, Zhang Q, Hu G, Lee C, Teng J, Yang JKW, Wu J, Qiu CW. Enabling Active Nanotechnologies by Phase Transition: From Electronics, Photonics to Thermotics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15450-15500. [PMID: 35894820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phase transitions can occur in certain materials such as transition metal oxides (TMOs) and chalcogenides when there is a change in external conditions such as temperature and pressure. Along with phase transitions in these phase change materials (PCMs) come dramatic contrasts in various physical properties, which can be engineered to manipulate electrons, photons, polaritons, and phonons at the nanoscale, offering new opportunities for reconfigurable, active nanodevices. In this review, we particularly discuss phase-transition-enabled active nanotechnologies in nonvolatile electrical memory, tunable metamaterials, and metasurfaces for manipulation of both free-space photons and in-plane polaritons, and multifunctional emissivity control in the infrared (IR) spectrum. The fundamentals of PCMs are first introduced to explain the origins and principles of phase transitions. Thereafter, we discuss multiphysical nanodevices for electronic, photonic, and thermal management, attesting to the broad applications and exciting promises of PCMs. Emerging trends and valuable applications in all-optical neuromorphic devices, thermal data storage, and encryption are outlined in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Robert E Simpson
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Kechao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MOE), School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujie Ke
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Arash Nemati
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Junqiao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California 94720, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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44
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Bu X, Bai H. Recent Progress of Bio-inspired Camouflage Materials: From Visible to Infrared Range. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Luo M, Li X, Zhang Z, Ma H, Du T, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Yang J. Tunable Infrared Detection, Radiative Cooling and Infrared-Laser Compatible Camouflage Based on a Multifunctional Nanostructure with Phase-Change Material. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132261. [PMID: 35808095 PMCID: PMC9268176 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The nanostructure composed of nanomaterials and subwavelength units offers flexible design freedom and outstanding advantages over conventional devices. In this paper, a multifunctional nanostructure with phase-change material (PCM) is proposed to achieve tunable infrared detection, radiation cooling and infrared (IR)-laser compatible camouflage. The structure is very simple and is modified from the classic metal-dielectric-metal (MIM) multilayer film structure. We innovatively composed the top layer of metals with slits, and introduced a non-volatile PCM Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) for selective absorption/radiation regulation. According to the simulation results, wide-angle and polarization-insensitive dual-band infrared detection is realized in the four-layer structure. The transformation from infrared detection to infrared stealth is realized in the five-layer structure, and laser stealth is realized in the atmospheric window by electromagnetic absorption. Moreover, better radiation cooling is realized in the non-atmospheric window. The proposed device can achieve more than a 50% laser absorption rate at 10.6 μm while ensuring an average infrared emissivity below 20%. Compared with previous works, our proposed multifunctional nanostructures can realize multiple applications with a compact structure only by changing the temperature. Such ultra-thin, integratable and multifunctional nanostructures have great application prospects extending to various fields such as electromagnetic shielding, optical communication and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Center of Material Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.); (T.D.); (X.J.)
| | - Xin Li
- Center of Material Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.); (T.D.); (X.J.)
| | - Zhaojian Zhang
- Center of Material Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.); (T.D.); (X.J.)
| | - Hansi Ma
- Center of Material Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.); (T.D.); (X.J.)
| | - Te Du
- Center of Material Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.); (T.D.); (X.J.)
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- Center of Material Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.); (T.D.); (X.J.)
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junbo Yang
- Center of Material Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.); (T.D.); (X.J.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
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46
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Musa A, Hakim ML, Alam T, Islam MT, Alshammari AS, Mat K, M. MS, Almalki SHA, Islam MS. Polarization Independent Metamaterial Absorber with Anti-Reflection Coating Nanoarchitectonics for Visible and Infrared Window Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103733. [PMID: 35629759 PMCID: PMC9143169 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The visible and infrared wavelengths are the most frequently used electromagnetic (EM) waves in the frequency spectrum; able to penetrate the atmosphere and reach Earth’s surface. These wavelengths have attracted much attention in solar energy harvesting; thermography; and infrared imaging applications for the detection of electrical failures; faults; or thermal leakage hot spots and inspection of tapped live energized components. This paper presents a numerical analysis of a compact cubic cross-shaped four-layer metamaterial absorber (MA) structure by using a simple metal-dielectric-metal-dielectric configuration for wideband visible and infrared applications. The proposed MA achieved above 80% absorption in both visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum from 350 to 1250 nm wavelength with an overall unit cell size of 0.57λ × 0.57λ × 0.59λ. The SiO2 based anti-reflection coating of sandwiched tungsten facilitates to achieve the wide high absorption bandwidth. The perceptible novelty of the proposed metamaterial is to achieve an average absorptivity of 95.3% for both visible and infrared wavelengths with a maximum absorptivity of 98% from 400 nm to 900 nm. Furthermore, the proposed structure provides polarization insensitivity with a higher oblique incidence angle tolerance up to 45°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Musa
- Pusat Sains Ankasa (ANGKASA), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.M.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Mohammad Lutful Hakim
- Pusat Sains Ankasa (ANGKASA), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.M.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Touhidul Alam
- Pusat Sains Ankasa (ANGKASA), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.M.); (M.L.H.)
- Department of CSE, International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira, Chattogram 4318, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (M.T.I.)
| | - Mohammad Tariqul Islam
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81481, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (M.T.I.)
| | - Ahmed S. Alshammari
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81481, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kamarulzaman Mat
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - M. Salaheldeen M.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt;
| | - Sami H. A. Almalki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Shabiul Islam
- Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia;
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47
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Péralle C, Charrière R, Faucheu J. Numerical study of the thermally adaptive emissivity of VO 2-polymer nanostructured coatings. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:3827-3837. [PMID: 36256426 DOI: 10.1364/ao.454375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The emissivity of an opal photonic crystal loaded with thermochromic VO2 nanoparticles is studied through optical calculations, highlighting the influence of the structure by comparison with a homogenized model. Parameters are first set to maximize the structure influence on material emissivity. Then, a full study of the influence of the VO2 concentration is made to identify, on one hand, cases with the highest structure impact, and on the other hand, interesting cases for applications such as energy-efficient coatings for buildings, satellites, and camouflage applications.
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48
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Abdollahramezani S, Hemmatyar O, Taghinejad M, Taghinejad H, Krasnok A, Eftekhar AA, Teichrib C, Deshmukh S, El-Sayed MA, Pop E, Wuttig M, Alù A, Cai W, Adibi A. Electrically driven reprogrammable phase-change metasurface reaching 80% efficiency. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1696. [PMID: 35354813 PMCID: PMC8967895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a compelling platform for active metaoptics, owing to their large index contrast and fast yet stable phase transition attributes. Despite recent advances in phase-change metasurfaces, a fully integrable solution that combines pronounced tuning measures, i.e., efficiency, dynamic range, speed, and power consumption, is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate an in situ electrically driven tunable metasurface by harnessing the full potential of a PCM alloy, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), to realize non-volatile, reversible, multilevel, fast, and remarkable optical modulation in the near-infrared spectral range. Such a reprogrammable platform presents a record eleven-fold change in the reflectance (absolute reflectance contrast reaching 80%), unprecedented quasi-continuous spectral tuning over 250 nm, and switching speed that can potentially reach a few kHz. Our scalable heterostructure architecture capitalizes on the integration of a robust resistive microheater decoupled from an optically smart metasurface enabling good modal overlap with an ultrathin layer of the largest index contrast PCM to sustain high scattering efficiency even after several reversible phase transitions. We further experimentally demonstrate an electrically reconfigurable phase-change gradient metasurface capable of steering an incident light beam into different diffraction orders. This work represents a critical advance towards the development of fully integrable dynamic metasurfaces and their potential for beamforming applications. The authors demonstrate an efficient platform for electrically driven reconfigurable metasurfaces by using Ge2Sb2Te5 to realize non-volatile, reversible, multilevel, and fast optical modulation and wavefront engineering in the near-infrared spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Abdollahramezani
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Omid Hemmatyar
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mohammad Taghinejad
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hossein Taghinejad
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Ali A Eftekhar
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | | | - Mostafa A El-Sayed
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matthias Wuttig
- Physikalisches Institut IA, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Wenshan Cai
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ali Adibi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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49
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Chen C, Chen Y, Yao H, Song Q, Jia C, Zhang Y. A dual-mode laser-textured ice-phobic slippery surface: low-voltage-powered switching transmissivity and wettability for thermal management. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4474-4483. [PMID: 35167637 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Smart windows that dynamically fine-tune the solar energy gain are promising candidates for alleviating the global energy crisis. However, current smart surfaces easily deteriorate when rain or frozen ice dwells on the surface structure, heavily hindering their applications. Here, we report an electric-powered dual-mode slippery lubricant-impregnated porous surface (DM-SLIPS) developed by integrating paraffin wax and laser-ablated polytetrafluoroethylene (LA-PTFE) along with a silver nanowire thin-film heater. Owing to its fast electrical response, DM-SLIPS can be switched to repel surface-dwelling liquids within 20 s by applying an ultra-low voltage of 6 V. Simultaneously, light irradiated on DM-SLIPS can be finely-tuned between a "lock mode" and "release mode" in response to the solidification/liquidation of paraffin. Owing to homogeneous Joule heating, the DM-SLIPS surface can remove surface-frozen ice within 4 min in situ. As a proof-of-concept, the temperature of an indoor object shielded with electric-actuated DM-SLIPS could be reversibly switched between 34 °C and 29 °C, realizing controllable solar energy input. In comparison with previously reported surfaces, the present water-repellent, ice-phobic and transparency-switchable DM-SLIPS can be more useful for thermal management in extreme climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Materials Physics and New Energy Device, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Materials Physics and New Energy Device, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Qingrui Song
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chong Jia
- Department of Materials Physics and New Energy Device, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yachao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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50
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Study on Phonon Localization in Silicon Film by Molecular Dynamics. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscale thermal cloaks have received extensive attention from researchers. Amorphization, perforation, and concave are commonly used methods for building nanoscale thermal cloaks. However, the comparison of the three methods and the effect of different structural proportions on phonon localization have not been found. Therefore, in this paper, an asymmetrical structure is constructed to study the influence of different structure proportions on phonon localization by amorphization, perforation, and concave silicon film. We first calculated the phonon density of states (PDOS) and the mode participation rate (MPR). To quantitatively explore its influence on phonon localization, we proposed the concept of the degree of phonon localization (DPL) and explored the influence of center and edge effects on phonon localization. We found that for different processing methods, the degree of phonon localization increased with the increase in the processing regions. Compared to the edge, the center had a stronger influence on phonon localization, and the higher the degree of disorder, the stronger the phonon localization. Our research can guide the construction of a nanoscale thermal cloak.
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