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Duan S, Cai T, Liu F, Li Y, Yuan H, Yuan W, Huang K, Hoettges K, Chen M, Lim EG, Zhao C, Song P. Automatic offline-capable smartphone paper-based microfluidic device for efficient biomarker detection of Alzheimer's disease. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1308:342575. [PMID: 38740448 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment. Efficient and rapid detection plays a crucial role in mitigating and managing AD progression. Deep learning-assisted smartphone-based microfluidic paper analysis devices (μPADs) offer the advantages of low cost, good sensitivity, and rapid detection, providing a strategic pathway to address large-scale disease screening in resource-limited areas. However, existing smartphone-based detection platforms usually rely on large devices or cloud servers for data transfer and processing. Additionally, the implementation of automated colorimetric enzyme-linked immunoassay (c-ELISA) on μPADs can further facilitate the realization of smartphone μPADs platforms for efficient disease detection. RESULTS This paper introduces a new deep learning-assisted offline smartphone platform for early AD screening, offering rapid disease detection in low-resource areas. The proposed platform features a simple mechanical rotating structure controlled by a smartphone, enabling fully automated c-ELISA on μPADs. Our platform successfully applied sandwich c-ELISA for detecting the β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ 1-42, a crucial AD biomarker) and demonstrated its efficacy in 38 artificial plasma samples (healthy: 19, unhealthy: 19, N = 6). Moreover, we employed the YOLOv5 deep learning model and achieved an impressive 97 % accuracy on a dataset of 1824 images, which is 10.16 % higher than the traditional method of curve-fitting results. The trained YOLOv5 model was seamlessly integrated into the smartphone using the NCNN (Tencent's Neural Network Inference Framework), enabling deep learning-assisted offline detection. A user-friendly smartphone application was developed to control the entire process, realizing a streamlined "samples in, answers out" approach. SIGNIFICANCE This deep learning-assisted, low-cost, user-friendly, highly stable, and rapid-response automated offline smartphone-based detection platform represents a good advancement in point-of-care testing (POCT). Moreover, our platform provides a feasible approach for efficient AD detection by examining the level of Aβ 1-42, particularly in areas with low resources and limited communication infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Duan
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK; Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Tianyu Cai
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Fuyuan Liu
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Hang Yuan
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wenwen Yuan
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710079, China
| | - Kaizhu Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, 215316, China
| | - Kai Hoettges
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Min Chen
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Eng Gee Lim
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Chun Zhao
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Pengfei Song
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Liverpool, Foundation Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK.
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Yuan H, Wan C, Wang X, Li S, Xie H, Qian C, Du W, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Programmable Gravity Self-Driven Microfluidic Chip for Point-of-Care Multiplied Immunoassays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310206. [PMID: 38085133 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is experiencing a groundbreaking transformation with microfluidic chips, which offer precise fluid control and manipulation at the microscale. Nevertheless, chip design or operation for existing platforms is rather cumbersome, with some even heavily depending on external drivers or devices, impeding their broader utilization. This study develops a unique programmable gravity self-driven microfluidic chip (PGSMC) capable of simultaneous multi-reagent sequential release, multi-target analysis, and multi-chip operation. All necessary reagents are introduced in a single step, and the process is initiated simply by flipping the PGSMC vertically, eliminating the need for additional steps or devices. Additionally, it demonstrates successful immunoassays in less than 60 min for antinuclear antibodies testing, compared to more than 120 min by traditional methods. Assessment using 25 clinically diagnosed cases showcases remarkable sensitivity (96%), specificity (100%), and accuracy (99%). These outcomes underscored its potential as a promising platform for POCT with high accuracy, speed, and reliability, highlighting its capability for automated fluid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Han Xie
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Potrich C, Palmara G, Frascella F, Pancheri L, Lunelli L. Innovative Detection of Biomarkers Based on Chemiluminescent Nanoparticles and a Lensless Optical Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:184. [PMID: 38667176 PMCID: PMC11048690 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The identification and quantification of biomarkers with innovative technologies is an urgent need for the precise diagnosis and follow up of human diseases. Body fluids offer a variety of informative biomarkers, which are traditionally measured with time-consuming and expensive methods. In this context, lateral flow tests (LFTs) represent a rapid and low-cost technology with a sensitivity that is potentially improvable by chemiluminescence biosensing. Here, an LFT based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies labeled with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase is combined with a lensless biosensor. This biosensor comprises four Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) coupled in close proximity to the LFT strip. Microfluidics for liquid handling complete the system. The development and the setup of the biosensor is carefully described and characterized. C-reactive protein was selected as a proof-of-concept biomarker to define the limit of detection, which resulted in about 0.8 pM when gold nanoparticles were used. The rapid readout (less than 5 min) and the absence of sample preparation make this biosensor promising for the direct and fast detection of human biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Potrich
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Center for Sensors & Devices, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (G.P.); (L.L.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via alla Cascata 56/C, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Gianluca Palmara
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Center for Sensors & Devices, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (G.P.); (L.L.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Francesca Frascella
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Lucio Pancheri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, I-38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Lunelli
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Center for Sensors & Devices, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy; (G.P.); (L.L.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via alla Cascata 56/C, I-38123 Trento, Italy
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Han DH, Lee G, Oh U, Choi Y, Park JK. Evaluation of Fluid Behaviors in a Pushbutton-Activated Microfluidic Device for User-Independent Flow Control. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:465. [PMID: 38675276 PMCID: PMC11052212 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have been conducted to realize ideal point-of-care testing (POCT), the development of a user-friendly and user-independent power-free microfluidic platform is still a challenge. Among various methods, the finger-actuation method shows a promising technique that provides a user-friendly and equipment-free way of delivering fluid in a designated manner. However, the design criteria and elaborate evaluation of the fluid behavior of a pushbutton-activated microfluidic device (PAMD) remain a critical bottleneck to be widely adopted in various applications. In this study, we have evaluated the fluid behavior of the PAMD based on various parameters, such as pressing velocity and depth assisted by a press machine. We have further developed a user-friendly and portable pressing block that reduces user variation in fluid behavior based on the evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Han
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (D.H.H.); (G.L.); (U.O.); (Y.C.)
| | - Gihyun Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (D.H.H.); (G.L.); (U.O.); (Y.C.)
| | - Untaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (D.H.H.); (G.L.); (U.O.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yejin Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (D.H.H.); (G.L.); (U.O.); (Y.C.)
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (D.H.H.); (G.L.); (U.O.); (Y.C.)
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST Institutes (KI), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for NanoCentury, KAIST Institutes (KI), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Lehnert T, Gijs MAM. Microfluidic systems for infectious disease diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1441-1493. [PMID: 38372324 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms, encompassing both uni- and multicellular entities, exhibit remarkable diversity as omnipresent life forms in nature. They play a pivotal role by supplying essential components for sustaining biological processes across diverse ecosystems, including higher host organisms. The complex interactions within the human gut microbiota are crucial for metabolic functions, immune responses, and biochemical signalling, particularly through the gut-brain axis. Viruses also play important roles in biological processes, for example by increasing genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer when replicating inside living cells. On the other hand, infection of the human body by microbiological agents may lead to severe physiological disorders and diseases. Infectious diseases pose a significant burden on global healthcare systems, characterized by substantial variations in the epidemiological landscape. Fast spreading antibiotic resistance or uncontrolled outbreaks of communicable diseases are major challenges at present. Furthermore, delivering field-proven point-of-care diagnostic tools to the most severely affected populations in low-resource settings is particularly important and challenging. New paradigms and technological approaches enabling rapid and informed disease management need to be implemented. In this respect, infectious disease diagnostics taking advantage of microfluidic systems combined with integrated biosensor-based pathogen detection offers a host of innovative and promising solutions. In this review, we aim to outline recent activities and progress in the development of microfluidic diagnostic tools. Our literature research mainly covers the last 5 years. We will follow a classification scheme based on the human body systems primarily involved at the clinical level or on specific pathogen transmission modes. Important diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria, will be addressed more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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Patra S, Pareek D, Gupta PS, Wasnik K, Singh G, Yadav DD, Mastai Y, Paik P. Progress in Treatment and Diagnostics of Infectious Disease with Polymers. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:287-316. [PMID: 38237146 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In this era of advanced technology and innovation, infectious diseases still cause significant morbidity and mortality, which need to be addressed. Despite overwhelming success in the development of vaccines, transmittable diseases such as tuberculosis and AIDS remain unprotected, and the treatment is challenging due to frequent mutations of the pathogens. Formulations of new or existing drugs with polymeric materials have been explored as a promising new approach. Variations in shape, size, surface charge, internal morphology, and functionalization position polymer particles as a revolutionary material in healthcare. Here, an overview is provided of major diseases along with statistics on infection and death rates, focusing on polymer-based treatments and modes of action. Key issues are discussed in this review pertaining to current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Desh Deepak Yadav
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yitzhak Mastai
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
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Hong W. Advances and Opportunities of Mobile Health in the Postpandemic Era: Smartphonization of Wearable Devices and Wearable Deviceization of Smartphones. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e48803. [PMID: 38252596 PMCID: PMC10823426 DOI: 10.2196/48803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) with continuous real-time monitoring is leading the era of digital medical convergence. Wearable devices and smartphones optimized as personalized health management platforms enable disease prediction, prevention, diagnosis, and even treatment. Ubiquitous and accessible medical services offered through mHealth strengthen universal health coverage to facilitate service use without discrimination. This viewpoint investigates the latest trends in mHealth technology, which are comprehensive in terms of form factors and detection targets according to body attachment location and type. Insights and breakthroughs from the perspective of mHealth sensing through a new form factor and sensor-integrated display overcome the problems of existing mHealth by proposing a solution of smartphonization of wearable devices and the wearable deviceization of smartphones. This approach maximizes the infinite potential of stagnant mHealth technology and will present a new milestone leading to the popularization of mHealth. In the postpandemic era, innovative mHealth solutions through the smartphonization of wearable devices and the wearable deviceization of smartphones could become the standard for a new paradigm in the field of digital medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonki Hong
- Department of Digital Healthcare, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Vloemans D, Van Hileghem L, Ordutowski H, Dal Dosso F, Spasic D, Lammertyn J. Self-Powered Microfluidics for Point-of-Care Solutions: From Sampling to Detection of Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2804:3-50. [PMID: 38753138 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3850-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered microfluidics presents a revolutionary approach to address the challenges of healthcare in decentralized and point-of-care settings where limited access to resources and infrastructure prevails or rapid clinical decision-making is critical. These microfluidic systems exploit physical and chemical phenomena, such as capillary forces and surface tension, to manipulate tiny volumes of fluids without the need for external power sources, making them cost-effective and highly portable. Recent technological advancements have demonstrated the ability to preprogram complex multistep liquid operations within the microfluidic circuit of these standalone systems, which enabled the integration of sensitive detection and readout principles. This chapter first addresses how the accessibility to in vitro diagnostics can be improved by shifting toward decentralized approaches like remote microsampling and point-of-care testing. Next, the crucial role of self-powered microfluidic technologies to enable this patient-centric healthcare transition is emphasized using various state-of-the-art examples, with a primary focus on applications related to biofluid collection and the detection of either proteins or nucleic acids. This chapter concludes with a summary of the main findings and our vision of the future perspectives in the field of self-powered microfluidic technologies and their use for in vitro diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Vloemans
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Henry Ordutowski
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Hossain MM, Karim MM, Seo KD, Park DS, Shim YB. Capillary and Electrodynamic Forces-Driven Separation Detection of Metal Ions Using a Disposable Microfluidic Sensor with a Composite Electrode. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16701-16709. [PMID: 37922203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
A disposable microfluidic channel sensor printed on a plastic platform was developed to analyze heavy metal ions (HMIs) as a model target species. Precise separation and detection of multiple targets were established by symmetrically applying a small AC potential on the carbon channel walls to induce an electrodynamic force. The separation device was constructed by covering it with a plastic lid to achieve capillary action in the channel. The sample flow rate was regulated by the hydrophilicity of the lid plastic and electrodynamic convection by the AC field, which was characterized by the contact angle measurement and the additional electrodynamic force. The flow variables and their relevance to the capillary phenomena were demonstrated, and the analytical parameters were optimized. The working electrode was modified with poly(diamino terthiophene) anchored with nanosized graphene oxide (pDATT/GO) to enhance the detection performance. The experimental variables for separating and detecting the target species were optimized according to the AC frequency and amplitude, sample flow rate, electrolytes, pH, temperature, and applied potential for detection. The linear dynamic ranges were between 0.1 and 200.0 ppb, with detection limits of 0.04 ± 0.023, 0.29 ± 0.05, 0.07 ± 0.011, and 0.14 ± 0.06 ppb for Cu2+ Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+, respectively. Finally, the reliability of the proposed method was evaluated through analysis of HMIs in real water samples. The results were matched to those obtained through parallel analysis using ICP-MS at a 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozammal Md Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Mobarok Karim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Deok Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Su Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Liu CW, Tsutsui H. Sample-to-answer sensing technologies for nucleic acid preparation and detection in the field. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:302-323. [PMID: 37302751 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient sample preparation and accurate disease diagnosis under field conditions are of great importance for the early intervention of diseases in humans, animals, and plants. However, in-field preparation of high-quality nucleic acids from various specimens for downstream analyses, such as amplification and sequencing, is challenging. Thus, developing and adapting sample lysis and nucleic acid extraction protocols suitable for portable formats have drawn significant attention. Similarly, various nucleic acid amplification techniques and detection methods have also been explored. Combining these functions in an integrated platform has resulted in emergent sample-to-answer sensing systems that allow effective disease detection and analyses outside a laboratory. Such devices have a vast potential to improve healthcare in resource-limited settings, low-cost and distributed surveillance of diseases in food and agriculture industries, environmental monitoring, and defense against biological warfare and terrorism. This paper reviews recent advances in portable sample preparation technologies and facile detection methods that have been / or could be adopted into novel sample-to-answer devices. In addition, recent developments and challenges of commercial kits and devices targeting on-site diagnosis of various plant diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Zhou S, Chen B, Fu ES, Yan H. Computer vision meets microfluidics: a label-free method for high-throughput cell analysis. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:116. [PMID: 37744264 PMCID: PMC10511704 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the integration of microfluidic chips and computer vision, which has great potential to advance research in the life sciences and biology, particularly in the analysis of cell imaging data. Microfluidic chips enable the generation of large amounts of visual data at the single-cell level, while computer vision techniques can rapidly process and analyze these data to extract valuable information about cellular health and function. One of the key advantages of this integrative approach is that it allows for noninvasive and low-damage cellular characterization, which is important for studying delicate or fragile microbial cells. The use of microfluidic chips provides a highly controlled environment for cell growth and manipulation, minimizes experimental variability and improves the accuracy of data analysis. Computer vision can be used to recognize and analyze target species within heterogeneous microbial populations, which is important for understanding the physiological status of cells in complex biological systems. As hardware and artificial intelligence algorithms continue to improve, computer vision is expected to become an increasingly powerful tool for in situ cell analysis. The use of microelectromechanical devices in combination with microfluidic chips and computer vision could enable the development of label-free, automatic, low-cost, and fast cellular information recognition and the high-throughput analysis of cellular responses to different compounds, for broad applications in fields such as drug discovery, diagnostics, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Edgar S. Fu
- Graduate School of Computing and Information Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
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12
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Bakshi SS, Mangayarkarasi V, Dash D, Das S, Ramesh S, Jayam C, Kalidoss VK. Comparative study on Saliva and Nasopharyngeal swabs and the outcome of RT-PCR test in patients with mild symptoms of SARS-CoV-2. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2023; 74:315-319. [PMID: 36965822 DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM A simple and reliable method for diagnosing COVID 19 infections is the needed. The role of saliva in the transmission of the infection has already been established. METHOD Saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs from patients suspected to have COVID 19 infections were taken simultaneously, and the results of the RT-PCR were compared. RESULT Total 405 samples were collected, of which 250 males and 155 females. In the 391 samples included for analysis, 370 (94.63%) samples were found to have concordance results, and 21 (5.37%) samples had discordant results. CONCLUSION The use of saliva to diagnose COVID 19 infection is reliable, and its use can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder Singh Bakshi
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - V Mangayarkarasi
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Seepana Ramesh
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Cheeranjeevi Jayam
- Department of Dentistry, AIIMS Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Kalidoss
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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13
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Yang C, Yang Y, Zhao G, Wang H, Dai Y, Huang X. A Low-Cost Microfluidic-Based Detection Device for Rapid Identification and Quantification of Biomarkers-Based on a Smartphone. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:753. [PMID: 37504151 PMCID: PMC10377552 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive and rapid detection of microsamples is crucial for early diagnosis of diseases. The short response times and low sample volume requirements of microfluidic chips have shown great potential in early diagnosis, but there are still shortcomings such as complex preparation processes and high costs. We developed a low-cost smartphone-based fluorescence detection device (Smartphone-BFDD) without precision equipment for rapid identification and quantification of biomarkers on glass capillary. The device combines microfluidic technology with RGB image analysis, effectively reducing the sample volume to 20 μL and detection time to only 30 min. For the sensitivity of the device, we constructed a standard sandwich immunoassay (antibody-antigen-antibody) in a glass capillary using the N-protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a biological model, realizing a low limit of detection (LOD, 40 ng mL-1). This device provides potential applications for different biomarkers and offers wide use for rapid biochemical analysis in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yujing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Gaozhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
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14
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Azizian P, Casals-Terré J, Ricart J, Cabot JM. Diffusion-free valve for preprogrammed immunoassay with capillary microfluidics. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 37469685 PMCID: PMC10352302 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
By manipulating the geometry and surface chemistry of microfluidic channels, capillary-driven microfluidics can move and stop fluids spontaneously without external instrumentation. Furthermore, complex microfluidic circuits can be preprogrammed by synchronizing the capillary pressures and encoding the surface tensions of microfluidic chips. A key component of these systems is the capillary valve. However, the main concern for these valves is the presence of unwanted diffusion during the valve loading and activation steps that can cause cross-contamination. In this study, we design and validate a novel diffusion-free capillary valve: the π-valve. This valve consists of a 3D structure and a void area. The void acts as a spacer between two fluids to avoid direct contact. When the valve is triggered, the air trapped within the void is displaced by pneumatic suction induced from the capillary flow downstream without introducing a gas bubble into the circuit. The proposed design eliminates diffusive mixing before valve activation. Numerical simulation is used to study the function and optimize the dimensions of the π-valve, and 3D printing is used to fabricate either the mould or the microfluidic chip. A comparison with a conventional valve (based on a constriction-expansion valve) demonstrates that the π-valve eliminates possible backflow into the valve and reduces the mixing and diffusion during the loading and trigger steps. As a proof-of-concept, this valve is successfully implemented in a capillary-driven circuit for the determination of benzodiazepine, achieving the successive release of 3 solutions in a 3D-printed microfluidic chip without external instrumentation. The results show a 40% increase in the fluorescence intensity using the π-valve relative to the conventional value. Overall, the π-valve prevents cross-contamination, minimizes sample use, and facilitates a sophisticated preprogrammed release of fluids, offering a promising tool for conducting automated immunoassays applicable at point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Azizian
- Energy and Engineering Department, Leitat Technological Center, Terrassa, Barcelona Spain
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Terrassa, Barcelona Spain
| | - Jasmina Casals-Terré
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, Terrassa, Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Ricart
- Energy and Engineering Department, Leitat Technological Center, Terrassa, Barcelona Spain
| | - Joan M. Cabot
- Energy and Engineering Department, Leitat Technological Center, Terrassa, Barcelona Spain
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15
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Pinheiro KMP, Guinati BGS, Moreira NS, Coltro WKT. Low-Cost Microfluidic Systems for Detection of Neglected Tropical Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:117-138. [PMID: 37068747 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-024759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect tropical and subtropical countries and are caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. These kinds of diseases spread quickly due to the tropical climate and limited access to clean water, sanitation, and health care, which make exposed people more vulnerable. NTDs are reported to be difficult and inefficient to diagnose. As mentioned, most NTDs occur in countries that are socially vulnerable, and the lack of resources and access to modern laboratories and equipment intensify the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment, leading to an increase in the mortality rate. Portable and low-cost microfluidic systems have been widely applied for clinical diagnosis, offering a promising alternative that can meet the needs for fast, affordable, and reliable diagnostic tests in developing countries. This review provides a critical overview of microfluidic devices that have been reported in the literature for the detection of the most common NTDs over the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikaele S Moreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil;
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil;
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, Brazil
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16
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Chen X, Zhou S, Wang Y, Zheng L, Guan S, Wang D, Wang L, Guan X. Nanopore Single-molecule Analysis of Biomarkers: Providing Possible Clues to Disease Diagnosis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 162:117060. [PMID: 38106545 PMCID: PMC10722900 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker detection has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the minimally or non-invasive sampling process. Single entity analysis of biomarkers is expected to provide real-time and accurate biological information for early disease diagnosis and prognosis, which is critical to the effective disease treatment and is also important in personalized medicine. As an innovative single entity analysis method, nanopore sensing is a pioneering single-molecule detection technique that is widely used in analytical bioanalytical fields. In this review, we overview the recent progress of nanopore biomarker detection as new approaches to disease diagnosis. In highlighted studies, nanopore was focusing on detecting biomarkers of different categories of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, such as pandemic Covid-19, AIDS, cancers, neurologic diseases, etc. Various sensitive and selective nanopore detecting strategies for different types of biomarkers are summarized. In addition, the challenges, opportunities, and direction for future development of nanopore-based biomarker sensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Sarah Guan
- Hinsdale Central High School, Hinsdale, IL 60521, USA
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine Engineering for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xiyun Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
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17
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Wang B, Li Y, Zhou M, Han Y, Zhang M, Gao Z, Liu Z, Chen P, Du W, Zhang X, Feng X, Liu BF. Smartphone-based platforms implementing microfluidic detection with image-based artificial intelligence. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1341. [PMID: 36906581 PMCID: PMC10007670 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequent outbreak of global infectious diseases has prompted the development of rapid and effective diagnostic tools for the early screening of potential patients in point-of-care testing scenarios. With advances in mobile computing power and microfluidic technology, the smartphone-based mobile health platform has drawn significant attention from researchers developing point-of-care testing devices that integrate microfluidic optical detection with artificial intelligence analysis. In this article, we summarize recent progress in these mobile health platforms, including the aspects of microfluidic chips, imaging modalities, supporting components, and the development of software algorithms. We document the application of mobile health platforms in terms of the detection objects, including molecules, viruses, cells, and parasites. Finally, we discuss the prospects for future development of mobile health platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mengfan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yulong Han
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhaolong Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zetai Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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18
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Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is by definition a biosensor. However, not all immuno-biosensors involve the use of enzymes, while other biosensors incorporate ELISA as a key signaling component. In this chapter, we review the role of ELISA in signal amplification, integration with microfluidic systems, digital labeling, and electrochemical detection.
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19
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Maryam S, Ul Haq I, Yahya G, Ul Haq M, Algammal AM, Saber S, Cavalu S. COVID-19 surveillance in wastewater: An epidemiological tool for the monitoring of SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:978643. [PMID: 36683701 PMCID: PMC9854263 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.978643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted a lot of questions globally regarding the range of information about the virus's possible routes of transmission, diagnostics, and therapeutic tools. Worldwide studies have pointed out the importance of monitoring and early surveillance techniques based on the identification of viral RNA in wastewater. These studies indicated the presence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in human feces, which is shed via excreta including mucus, feces, saliva, and sputum. Subsequently, they get dumped into wastewater, and their presence in wastewater provides a possibility of using it as a tool to help prevent and eradicate the virus. Its monitoring is still done in many regions worldwide and serves as an early "warning signal"; however, a lot of limitations of wastewater surveillance have also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Maryam
- Department of Biosciences, The Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS) University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Biosciences, The Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS) University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Polymers Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mehboob Ul Haq
- Department of Biosciences, The Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS) University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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20
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Luan X, Li X, Jiang J, Fan Y, Li M, Huang C, Zhang L, Zhao Y. A 3D Capillary-Driven Multi-Micropore Membrane-Based Trigger Valve for Multi-Step Biochemical Reaction. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:26. [PMID: 36671861 PMCID: PMC9855807 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) techniques based on microfluidic devices enabled rapid and accurate tests on-site, playing an increasingly important role in public health. As the critical component of capillary-driven microfluidic devices for POCT use, the capillary microfluidic valve could schedule multi-step biochemical operations, potentially being used for broader complex POCT tasks. However, owing to the reciprocal relationship between the capillary force and aperture in single-pore microchannels, it was challenging to achieve a high gating threshold and high operable liquid volume simultaneously with existing 2D capillary trigger valves. This paper proposed a 3D capillary-driven multi-microporous membrane-based trigger valve to address the issue. Taking advantage of the high gating threshold determined by micropores and the self-driven capillary channel, a 3D trigger valve composed of a microporous membrane for valving and a wedge-shaped capillary channel for flow pumping was implemented. Utilizing the capillary pinning effect of the multi-micropore membrane, the liquid above the membrane could be triggered by putting the drainage agent into the wedge-shaped capillary channel to wet the underside of the membrane, and it could also be cut off by taking away the agent. After theoretical analysis and performance characterizations, the 3D trigger valve performed a high gating threshold (above 1000 Pa) and high trigger efficiency with an operable liquid volume above 150 μL and a trigger-to-drain time below 6 s. Furthermore, the retention and trigger states of the valve could be switched for repeatable triggering for three cycles within 5 min. Finally, the microbead-based immunoreaction and live cell staining applications verified the valve's ability to perform multi-step operations. The above results showed that the proposed 3D trigger valve could be expected to play a part in wide-ranging POCT application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuang Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luan
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahong Jiang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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21
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Oliveira MJ, Dalot A, Fortunato E, Martins R, Byrne HJ, Franco R, Águas H. Microfluidic SERS devices: brightening the future of bioanalysis. DISCOVER MATERIALS 2022; 2:12. [PMID: 36536830 PMCID: PMC9751519 DOI: 10.1007/s43939-022-00033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new avenue has opened up for applications of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in the biomedical field, mainly due to the striking advantages offered by SERS tags. SERS tags provide indirect identification of analytes with rich and highly specific spectral fingerprint information, high sensitivity, and outstanding multiplexing potential, making them very useful in in vitro and in vivo assays. The recent and innovative advances in nanomaterial science, novel Raman reporters, and emerging bioconjugation protocols have helped develop ultra-bright SERS tags as powerful tools for multiplex SERS-based detection and diagnosis applications. Nevertheless, to translate SERS platforms to real-world problems, some challenges, especially for clinical applications, must be addressed. This review presents the current understanding of the factors influencing the quality of SERS tags and the strategies commonly employed to improve not only spectral quality but the specificity and reproducibility of the interaction of the analyte with the target ligand. It further explores some of the most common approaches which have emerged for coupling SERS with microfluidic technologies, for biomedical applications. The importance of understanding microfluidic production and characterisation to yield excellent device quality while ensuring high throughput production are emphasised and explored, after which, the challenges and approaches developed to fulfil the potential that SERS-based microfluidics have to offer are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Oliveira
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and, CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Dalot
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and, CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and, CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and, CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Franco
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo Águas
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and, CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica, Portugal
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22
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Xing G, Ai J, Wang N, Pu Q. Recent progress of smartphone-assisted microfluidic sensors for point of care testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Yuan H, Chen P, Wan C, Li Y, Liu BF. Merging microfluidics with luminescence immunoassays for urgent point-of-care diagnostics of COVID-19. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116814. [PMCID: PMC9637550 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Chen X, Zhang C, Liu B, Chang Y, Pang W, Duan X. A self-contained acoustofluidic platform for biomarker detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3817-3826. [PMID: 36069822 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00541g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-contained microfluidic platforms with on-chip integration of flow control units, microreactors, (bio)sensors, etc. are ideal systems for point-of-care (POC) testing. However, current approaches such as micropumps and microvalves, increase the cost and the control system, and it is rather difficult to integrate into a single chip. Herein, we demonstrated a versatile acoustofluidic platform actuated by a Lamb wave resonator (LWR) array, in which pumping, mixing, fluidic switching, and particle trapping are all achieved on a single chip. The high-speed microscale acoustic streaming triggered by the LWR in the confined microchannel can be utilized to realize a flow resistor and switch. Variable unidirectional pumping was realized by regulating the relative position of the LWR in various custom-designed microfluidic structures and adoption of different geometric parameters for the microchannel. In addition, to realize quantitative biomarker detection, the on-chip flow resistor, micropump, micromixer and particle trapper were also integrated with a CMOS photo sensor and electronic driver circuit, resulting in an automated handheld microfluidic system with no moving parts. Finally, the acoustofluidic platform was tested for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) sensing, which demonstrates the biocompatibility and applied potency of this proposed self-contained system in POC biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chuanchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Bohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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25
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Xu J, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Mai L, Hu W, Chen CJ, Liu JT, Zhu G. Recent advances in disease diagnosis based on electrochemical-optical dual-mode detection method. Talanta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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A comprehensive review of COVID-19 detection techniques: From laboratory systems to wearable devices. Comput Biol Med 2022; 149:106070. [PMID: 36099862 PMCID: PMC9433350 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Screening of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among symptomatic and asymptomatic patients offers unique opportunities for curtailing the transmission of novel coronavirus disease 2019, commonly known as COVID-19. Molecular diagnostic techniques, namely reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunoassays, have been frequently used to identify COVID-19 infection. Although these techniques are robust and accurate, mass testing of potentially infected individuals has shown difficulty due to the resources, manpower, and costs it entails. Moreover, as these techniques are typically used to test symptomatic patients, healthcare systems have failed to screen asymptomatic patients, whereas the spread of COVID-19 by these asymptomatic individuals has turned into a crucial problem. Besides, respiratory infections or cardiovascular conditions generally demonstrate changes in physiological parameters, namely body temperature, blood pressure, and breathing rate, which signifies the onset of diseases. Such vitals monitoring systems have shown promising results employing artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, the potential use of wearable devices for monitoring asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals has recently been explored. This work summarizes the efforts that have been made in the domains from laboratory-based testing to asymptomatic patient monitoring via wearable systems.
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27
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Yin B, Wan X, Sohan ASMMF, Lin X. Microfluidics-Based POCT for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081238. [PMID: 36014162 PMCID: PMC9413395 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic chip is a tiny reactor that can confine and flow a specific amount of fluid into channels of tens to thousands of microns as needed and can precisely control fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc. Point-of-care testing (POCT) requires small equipment, has short testing cycles, and controls the process, allowing single or multiple laboratory facilities to simultaneously analyze biological samples and diagnose infectious diseases. In general, rapid detection and stage assessment of viral epidemics are essential to overcome pandemic situations and diagnose promptly. Therefore, combining microfluidic devices with POCT improves detection efficiency and convenience for viral disease SARS-CoV-2. At the same time, the POCT of microfluidic chips increases user accessibility, improves accuracy and sensitivity, shortens detection time, etc., which are beneficial in detecting SARS-CoV-2. This review shares recent advances in POCT-based testing for COVID-19 and how it is better suited to help diagnose in response to the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binfeng Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (X.W.); (A.S.M.M.F.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-189-1118-5500 (B.Y.); +86-182-2266-7931 (X.L.)
| | - Xinhua Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (X.W.); (A.S.M.M.F.S.)
| | | | - Xiaodong Lin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-189-1118-5500 (B.Y.); +86-182-2266-7931 (X.L.)
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28
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Wang Y, Xu H, Dong Z, Wang Z, Yang Z, Yu X, Chang L. Micro/nano biomedical devices for point-of-care diagnosis of infectious respiratory diseases. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022; 14:100116. [PMID: 35187465 PMCID: PMC8837495 DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into a global pandemic in the last two years, causing significant impacts on our daily life in many countries. Rapid and accurate detection of COVID-19 is of great importance to both treatments and pandemic management. Till now, a variety of point-of-care testing (POCT) approaches devices, including nucleic acid-based test and immunological detection, have been developed and some of them has been rapidly ruled out for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 due to the requirement of mass testing. In this review, we provide a summary and commentary on the methods and biomedical devices innovated or renovated for the quick and early diagnosis of COVID-19. In particular, some of micro and nano devices with miniaturized structures, showing outstanding analytical performances such as ultra-sensitivity, rapidness, accuracy and low cost, are discussed in this paper. We also provide our insights on the further implementation of biomedical devices using advanced micro and nano technologies to meet the demand of point-of-care diagnosis and home testing to facilitate pandemic management. In general, our paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances on the POCT device for diagnosis of COVID-19, which may provide insightful knowledge for researcher to further develop novel diagnostic technologies for rapid and on-site detection of pathogens including SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huiren Xu
- School of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 471100, China
| | - Zaizai Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom,Corresponding author
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China,Corresponding author.
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29
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Zhang L, Gao X, Chen X, Zhao M, Wu H, Liu Y. A smartphone integrated ratiometric fluorescent sensor for point-of-care testing of fluoride ions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3999-4009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Meffan C, Menges J, Dolamore F, Mak D, Fee C, Dobson RCJ, Nock V. Capillaric field effect transistors. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:33. [PMID: 35371537 PMCID: PMC8934874 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling fluid flow in capillaric circuits is a key requirement to increase their uptake for assay applications. Capillary action off-valves provide such functionality by pushing an occluding bubble into the channel using a difference in capillary pressure. Previously, we utilized the binary switching mode of this structure to develop a powerful set of fundamental fluidic valving operations. In this work, we study the transistor-like qualities of the off-valve and provide evidence that these structures are in fact functionally complementary to electronic junction field effect transistors. In view of this, we propose the new term capillaric field effect transistor to describe these types of valves. To support this conclusion, we present a theoretical description, experimental characterization, and practical application of analog flow resistance control. In addition, we demonstrate that the valves can also be reopened. We show modulation of the flow resistance from fully open to pinch-off, determine the flow rate-trigger channel volume relationship and demonstrate that the latter can be modeled using Shockley's equation for electronic transistors. Finally, we provide a first example of how the valves can be opened and closed repeatedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Meffan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Department of Microengineering, Kyoto University, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Julian Menges
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - Fabian Dolamore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - Daniel Mak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - Conan Fee
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- School of Product Design, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - Renwick C. J. Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
| | - Volker Nock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
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31
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Otoo JA, Schlappi TS. REASSURED Multiplex Diagnostics: A Critical Review and Forecast. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020124. [PMID: 35200384 PMCID: PMC8869588 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of infectious diseases is ineffective when the diagnostic test does not meet one or more of the necessary standards of affordability, accessibility, and accuracy. The World Health Organization further clarifies these standards with a set of criteria that has the acronym ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free and Deliverable to end-users). The advancement of the digital age has led to a revision of the ASSURED criteria to REASSURED: Real-time connectivity, Ease of specimen collection, Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free or simple, and Deliverable to end-users. Many diagnostic tests have been developed that aim to satisfy the REASSURED criteria; however, most of them only detect a single target. With the progression of syndromic infections, coinfections and the current antimicrobial resistance challenges, the need for multiplexed diagnostics is now more important than ever. This review summarizes current diagnostic technologies for multiplexed detection and forecasts which methods have promise for detecting multiple targets and meeting all REASSURED criteria.
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32
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Wang T, Shen F, Deng H, Cai F, Chen S. Smartphone imaging spectrometer for egg/meat freshness monitoring. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:508-517. [PMID: 35050274 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01726h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Data transmission between spectroscopy equipment and mobile terminals is critical to realising hand-held field-level monitoring. Currently, on-the-go (OTG) communication technology is a convenient and efficient method of data transmission for mobile devices. However, few people associate spectroscopy equipment with smartphones through the OTG port. This study developed a portable imaging spectrometer with a spectral resolution of approximately 12 nm in the visible-near-infrared band (400-1000 nm). It can be connected to a smartphone through the USB-OTG port to process the spectral signal through the smartphone's system on a chip (SoC). It also displays real-time spectral images of the food samples through the smartphone's screen. Using a support vector machine (SVM) to classify the spectra of the various experimental samples (e.g. eggs and pork), the model prediction accuracy rate is approximately 90%. This further proves the reliability of the proposed smartphone imaging spectrometer for monitoring the freshness of food samples onsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Wang
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, School of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Fuzhou Shen
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, School of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hancheng Deng
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, School of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Fuhong Cai
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, School of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Shufen Chen
- Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
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33
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Huang E, Huang D, Wang Y, Cai D, Luo Y, Zhong Z, Liu D. Active droplet-array microfluidics-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for point-of-care detection of procalcitonin. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113684. [PMID: 34607116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The application of conventional chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) in resource-limited settings is limited due to the large apparatus footprint, cumbersome operation and maintenance process, and high consumption of reagents. To address this issue, we developed an active droplet-array (ADA) microfluidics-based CLIA system, which consists of a compact microchip analyzer and microfluidic chips with preloaded reagents. The microfluidic chip contains microslit-connected microchambers, in which all the required reagents were preloaded in water-in-oil droplets. The microfluidic chip analyzer can manipulate five microfluidic chips in parallel in a single run. By interacting the microchip with magnetic, thermal, optical mechanisms programmatically, the entire workflow of CLIA can be accomplished in an automated manner. With the proposed CLIA, the detection of procalcitonin (PCT) can be completed in 12 min, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.044 ng mL-1 and a detection range from 0.044 to 100 ng mL-1. We found a good linear correlation between the microfluidic CLIA and the conventional electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (R2=0.98).The microfluidic CLIA has significant advantages over the conventional ELISA in detection sensitivity, dynamic range, instrument size and turnaround time, and can provide more consistent and reliable results than the lateral flow immunoassays. The compact microfluidic system can perform automated and parallelized CLIA in a short turnaround time, and thus well suited to Point-of-Care detection of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Huang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dezhi Huang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongyang Cai
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanzhang Luo
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhimin Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Dayu Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Microfluidic Chip Medical Diagnosis, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
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34
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Vázquez M, Anfossi L, Ben-Yoav H, Diéguez L, Karopka T, Della Ventura B, Abalde-Cela S, Minopoli A, Di Nardo F, Shukla VK, Teixeira A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Franco-Martínez L. Use of some cost-effective technologies for a routine clinical pathology laboratory. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4330-4351. [PMID: 34664599 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Classically, the need for highly sophisticated instruments with important economic costs has been a major limiting factor for clinical pathology laboratories, especially in developing countries. With the aim of making clinical pathology more accessible, a wide variety of free or economical technologies have been developed worldwide in the last few years. 3D printing and Arduino approaches can provide up to 94% economical savings in hardware and instrumentation in comparison to commercial alternatives. The vast selection of point-of-care-tests (POCT) currently available also limits the need for specific instruments or personnel, as they can be used almost anywhere and by anyone. Lastly, there are dozens of free and libre digital tools available in health informatics. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art on cost-effective alternatives with applications in routine clinical pathology laboratories. In this context, a variety of technologies including 3D printing and Arduino, lateral flow assays, plasmonic biosensors, and microfluidics, as well as laboratory information systems, are discussed. This review aims to serve as an introduction to different technologies that can make clinical pathology more accessible and, therefore, contribute to achieve universal health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Vázquez
- National Centre For Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Hadar Ben-Yoav
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ilse Katz Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Bartolomeo Della Ventura
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonio Minopoli
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Vikas Kumar Shukla
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory (NBEL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ilse Katz Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexandra Teixeira
- Medical Devices Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory - INL, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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35
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Han H, Park J, Ahn JK. Immunoglobulin E Detection Method Based on Cascade Enzymatic Reaction Utilizing Portable Personal Glucose Meter. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6396. [PMID: 34640714 PMCID: PMC8513091 DOI: 10.3390/s21196396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe a cascade enzymatic reaction (CER)-based IgE detection method utilizing a personal glucose meter (PGM), which relies on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity that regulates the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The amount of sandwich assay complex is determined according to the presence or absence of the target IgE. Additionally, the ALP in the sandwich assay catalyzes the dephosphorylation of ATP, a substrate of CER, which results in the changes in glucose level. By employing this principle, IgE was reliably detected at a concentration as low as ca. 29.6 ng/mL with high specificity toward various proteins. Importantly, the limit of detection (LOD) of this portable PGM-based approach was comparable to currently commercialized ELISA kit without expensive and bulky analysis equipment as well as complexed washing step. Finally, the diagnostic capability of this method was also successfully verified by reliably detecting IgE present in a real human serum sample with an excellent recovery ratio within 100 ± 6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyogu Han
- Material & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea; (H.H.); (J.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Junhyun Park
- Material & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea; (H.H.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jun Ki Ahn
- Material & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea; (H.H.); (J.P.)
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36
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Cai P, Mu Y, Weerakoon KG, Olveda RM, Ross AG, McManus DP. Performance of the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen test in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica in a human cohort from Northern Samar, the Philippines. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:121. [PMID: 34556183 PMCID: PMC8460201 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, remains a major public health problem in the Philippines. This study aimed to evaluate the commercially available rapid diagnostic point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in detecting individuals infected with S. japonicum in a human cohort from an endemic area for schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines. METHODS Clinical samples were collectedin 18 barangays endemic for S. japonicum infection in Laoang and Palapag municipalities, Northern Samar, the Philippines, in 2015. The presence of CCA in filter-concentrated urine samples (n = 412) was evaluated using the commercial kits and the results were converted to images, which were further analyzed by ImageJ software to calculate R values. The diagnostic performance of the immunochromatographic POC-CCA test was compared using the Kato-Katz (KK) procedure, in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and droplet digital (dd) PCR assays as reference. RESULTS The POC-CCA test was able to detect S. japonicum-infected individuals in the cohort with an eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) more than or equal to 10 with sensitivity/specificity values of 63.3%/93.3%. However, the assay showed an inability to diagnose schistosomiasis japonica infections in all cohort KK-positive individuals, of which the majority had an extremely low egg burden (EPG: 1-9). The prevalence of S. japonicum infection in the total cohort determined by the POC-CCA test was 12.4%, only half of that determined by the KK method (26.2%). When compared with the ELISAs and ddPCR assays as a reference, the POC-CCA assay was further shown to be a test with low sensitivity. Nevertheless, the assay exhibited significant positive correlations with egg burden determined by the KK technique and the target gene copy number index values determined by the ddPCR assays within the entire cohort. CONCLUSIONS By using in silico image analysis, the POC-CCA cassette test could be converted to a quantitative assay to avoid reader-variability. Because of its low sensitivity, the commercially available POC-CCA assay had limited potential for determining the status of a S. japonicum infection in the target cohort. The assay should be applied with caution in populations where schistosome parasites (especially S. japonicum) are present at low infection intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cai
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yi Mu
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kosala G Weerakoon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Remigio M Olveda
- Department of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Delamarche E, Pereiro I, Kashyap A, Kaigala GV. Biopatterning: The Art of Patterning Biomolecules on Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9637-9651. [PMID: 34347483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Patterning biomolecules on surfaces provides numerous opportunities for miniaturizing biological assays; biosensing; studying proteins, cells, and tissue sections; and engineering surfaces that include biological components. In this Feature Article, we summarize the themes presented in our recent Langmuir Lecture on patterning biomolecules on surfaces, miniaturizing surface assays, and interacting with biointerfaces using three key technologies: microcontact printing, microfluidic networks, and microfluidic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Delamarche
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Iago Pereiro
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Kashyap
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Govind V Kaigala
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
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38
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Chen DP, Chen C, Wu PY, Lin YH, Lin WT, Yan YL. Micro-Droplet Platform for Exploring the Mechanism of Mixed Field Agglutination in B 3 Subtype. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:276. [PMID: 34436078 PMCID: PMC8393913 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
B3 is the most common subtype of blood group B in the Taiwanese population, and most of the B3 individuals in the Taiwanese population have the IVS3 + 5 G > A (rs55852701) gene variation. Additionally, a typical mixed field agglutination is observed when the B3 subtype is tested with anti-B antibody or anti-AB antibody. The molecular biology of the gene variation in the B3 subtype has been identified, however, the mechanism of the mixed field agglutination caused by the type B3 blood samples is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the reason for the mixed field agglutination caused by B3. A micro-droplet platform was used to observe the agglutination of type B and type B3 blood samples in different blood sample concentrations, antibody concentrations, and at reaction times. We found that the agglutination reaction in every droplet slowed down with an increase in the dilution ratio of blood sample and antibody, whether type B blood or type B3 blood was used. However, as the reaction time increased, the complete agglutination in the droplet was seen in type B blood, while the mixed field agglutination still occurred in B3 within 1 min. In addition, the degree of agglutination was similar in each droplet, which showed high reproducibility. As a result, we inferred that there are two types of cells in the B3 subtype that simultaneously create a mixed field agglutination, rather than each red blood cell carrying a small amount of antigen, resulting in less agglutination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Ping Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (D.-P.C.); (W.-T.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (C.C.); (P.-Y.W.)
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (C.C.); (P.-Y.W.)
| | - Yen-Heng Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (C.C.); (P.-Y.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tzu Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (D.-P.C.); (W.-T.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Yi-Liang Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (D.-P.C.); (W.-T.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
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Delamarche E, Temiz Y, Lovchik RD, Christiansen MG, Schuerle S. Capillary Microfluidics for Monitoring Medication Adherence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research Europe Saeumerstrasse 4 Rueschlikon Switzerland
| | | | - Michael G. Christiansen
- Institute for Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Institute for Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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40
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Pham TTT, Tran DP, Nguyen MC, Amen MT, Winter M, Whitehead C, Toh J, Thierry B. A simplified point-of-care testing approach for preeclampsia blood biomarkers based on nanoscale field effect transistors. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12279-12287. [PMID: 34251003 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis of preeclampsia is necessary to ensure timely administration of appropriate care and prevent the potentially catastrophic complications of the condition affecting both mothers and babies. While the diagnostic superiority of angiogenic blood biomarkers such as placental growth factor has recently been demonstrated, there is an urgent need to develop point-of-care (PoC) technologies that allow rapid, quantitative, and accurate testing for these markers within local communities. Towards addressing this need, here we report on a fully integrated biodiagnostic platform based on nanoscale indium oxide field effect transistor (FET) sensors. The high-performance FET sensors are integrated with blood sample processing cartridges that minimize the need for operator intervention during the assay and eliminate the need for analytical equipment. Within 40 minutes and from 30 μL of blood, the FET platform could reliably measure PlGF with a limit of detection of 0.06 pg mL-1 and a five order of magnitudes dynamic range. Pilot clinical validation in four preeclamptic pregnancies confirmed that the accuracy and reliability of the FET platform, paving the way for further development to a much-needed point-of-care preeclampsia testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Thanh Pham
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.
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Wang Y, Nunna BB, Talukder N, Etienne EE, Lee ES. Blood Plasma Self-Separation Technologies during the Self-Driven Flow in Microfluidic Platforms. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:94. [PMID: 34356201 PMCID: PMC8301051 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8070094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood plasma is the most commonly used biofluid in disease diagnostic and biomedical analysis due to it contains various biomarkers. The majority of the blood plasma separation is still handled with centrifugation, which is off-chip and time-consuming. Therefore, in the Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) field, an effective microfluidic blood plasma separation platform attracts researchers' attention globally. Blood plasma self-separation technologies are usually divided into two categories: active self-separation and passive self-separation. Passive self-separation technologies, in contrast with active self-separation, only rely on microchannel geometry, microfluidic phenomena and hydrodynamic forces. Passive self-separation devices are driven by the capillary flow, which is generated due to the characteristics of the surface of the channel and its interaction with the fluid. Comparing to the active plasma separation techniques, passive plasma separation methods are more considered in the microfluidic platform, owing to their ease of fabrication, portable, user-friendly features. We propose an extensive review of mechanisms of passive self-separation technologies and enumerate some experimental details and devices to exploit these effects. The performances, limitations and challenges of these technologies and devices are also compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wang
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Y.W.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Bharath Babu Nunna
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Y.W.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (E.E.E.)
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niladri Talukder
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Y.W.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Ernst Emmanuel Etienne
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Y.W.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Eon Soo Lee
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Y.W.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (E.E.E.)
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Chen X, Ning Y, Pan S, Liu B, Chang Y, Pang W, Duan X. Mixing during Trapping Enabled a Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Smartphone Immunoassay Using Acoustic Streaming. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2386-2394. [PMID: 34102847 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone-enabled microfluidic chemiluminescence immunoassay is a promising portable system for point-of-care (POC) biosensing applications. However, due to the rather faint emitted light in such a limited sample volume, it is still difficult to reach the clinically accepted range when the smartphone serves as a standalone detector. Besides, the multiple separation and washing steps during sample preparation hinder the immunoassay's applications for POC usage. Herein, we proposed a novel acoustic streaming tweezers-enabled microfluidic immunoassay, where the probe particles' purification, reaction, and sensing were simply achieved on the same chip at continuous-flow conditions. The dedicatedly designed high-speed microscale vortexes not only enable dynamic trapping and washing of the probe particles on-demand but also enhance the capture efficiency of the heterogeneous particle-based immunoassay through active mixing during trapping. The enriched probe particles and enhanced biomarker capture capability increase the local chemiluminescent light intensity and enable direct capture of the immunobinding signal by a regular smartphone camera. The system was tested for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) sensing both in buffer and serum, where a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL and a large dynamic response range from 0.3 to 10 ng/mL using only 10 μL of sample were achieved in a total assay time of less than 15 min. With the advantages of on-chip integration of sample preparation and detection and high sensing performance, the developed POC platform could be applied for many on-site diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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43
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Song Q, Sun X, Dai Z, Gao Y, Gong X, Zhou B, Wu J, Wen W. Point-of-care testing detection methods for COVID-19. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1634-1660. [PMID: 33705507 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01156h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has high transmissibility. People infected with SARS-CoV-2 can develop symptoms including cough, fever, pneumonia and other complications, which in severe cases could lead to death. In addition, a proportion of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be asymptomatic. At present, the primary diagnostic method for COVID-19 is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which tests patient samples including nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum and other lower respiratory tract secretions. Other detection methods, e.g., isothermal nucleic acid amplification, CRISPR, immunochromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemical sensors are also in use. As the current testing methods are mostly performed at central hospitals and third-party testing centres, the testing systems used mostly employ large, high-throughput, automated equipment. Given the current situation of the epidemic, point-of-care testing (POCT) is advantageous in terms of its ease of use, greater approachability on the user's end, more timely detection, and comparable accuracy and sensitivity, which could reduce the testing load on central hospitals. POCT is thus conducive to daily epidemic control and achieving early detection and treatment. This paper summarises the latest research advances in POCT-based SARS-CoV-2 detection methods, compares three categories of commercially available products, i.e., nucleic acid tests, immunoassays and novel sensors, and proposes the expectations for the development of POCT-based SARS-CoV-2 detection including greater accessibility, higher sensitivity and lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. and Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xindi Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ziyi Dai
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Yibo Gao
- Shenzhen Shineway Technology Corporation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuqing Gong
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Delamarche E, Temiz Y, Lovchik RD, Christiansen MG, Schuerle S. Capillary Microfluidics for Monitoring Medication Adherence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17784-17796. [PMID: 33710725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medication adherence is a medical and societal issue worldwide, with approximately half of patients failing to adhere to prescribed treatments. The goal of this Minireview is to examine how recent work on microfluidics for point-of-care diagnostics may be used to enhance adherence to medication. It specifically focuses on capillary microfluidics since these devices are self-powered, easy to use, and well established for diagnostics and drug monitoring. Considering that an improvement in medication adherence can have a much larger effect than the development of new medical treatments, it is long overdue for the research communities working in chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and material sciences to consider developing technologies to enhance medication adherence. For these reasons, this Minireview is not meant to be exhaustive but rather to provide a quick starting point for researchers interested in joining this complex but intriguing and exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research Europe, Saeumerstrasse 4, Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael G Christiansen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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45
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Wang C, Liu M, Wang Z, Li S, Deng Y, He N. Point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases: From methods to devices. NANO TODAY 2021; 37:101092. [PMID: 33584847 PMCID: PMC7864790 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The current widespread of COVID-19 all over the world, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has again emphasized the importance of development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for timely prevention and control of the pandemic. Compared with labor- and time-consuming traditional diagnostic methods, POC diagnostics exhibit several advantages such as faster diagnostic speed, better sensitivity and specificity, lower cost, higher efficiency and ability of on-site detection. To achieve POC diagnostics, developing POC detection methods and correlated POC devices is the key and should be given top priority. The fast development of microfluidics, micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, nanotechnology and materials science, have benefited the production of a series of portable, miniaturized, low cost and highly integrated POC devices for POC diagnostics of various infectious diseases. In this review, various POC detection methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, including electrochemical biosensors, fluorescence biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensors, colorimetric biosensors, chemiluminiscence biosensors, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors, and magnetic biosensors, were first summarized. Then, recent progresses in the development of POC devices including lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices, lab-on-a-disc (LOAD) devices, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), lateral flow devices, miniaturized PCR devices, and isothermal nucleic acid amplification (INAA) devices, were systematically discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for the design and development of POC detection methods and correlated devices were presented. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide new insights and directions for the future development of POC diagnostics for the management of infectious diseases and contribute to the prevention and control of infectious pandemics like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
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46
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Chiu HK, Kartanas T, Saar KL, Luxhøj CM, Devenish S, Knowles TPJ. Rapid highly sensitive general protein quantification through on-chip chemiluminescence. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:024113. [PMID: 33981380 PMCID: PMC8095358 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein detection and quantification is a routinely performed procedure in research laboratories, predominantly executed either by spectroscopy-based measurements, such as NanoDrop, or by colorimetric assays. The detection limits of such assays, however, are limited to μ M concentrations. To establish an approach that achieves general protein detection at an enhanced sensitivity and without necessitating the requirement for signal amplification steps or a multicomponent detection system, here, we established a chemiluminescence-based protein detection assay. Our assay specifically targeted primary amines in proteins, which permitted characterization of any protein sample and, moreover, its latent nature eliminated the requirement for washing steps providing a simple route to implementation. Additionally, the use of a chemiluminescence-based readout ensured that the assay could be operated in an excitation source-free manner, which did not only permit an enhanced sensitivity due to a reduced background signal but also allowed for the use of a very simple optical setup comprising only an objective and a detection element. Using this assay, we demonstrated quantitative protein detection over a concentration range of five orders of magnitude and down to a high sensitivity of 10 pg mL - 1 , corresponding to pM concentrations. The capability of the platform presented here to achieve a high detection sensitivity without the requirement for a multistep operation or a multicomponent optical system sets the basis for a simple yet universal and sensitive protein detection strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Kei Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Tadas Kartanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Kadi L. Saar
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Carina Mouritsen Luxhøj
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Sean Devenish
- Fluidic Analytics Ltd., Unit A The Paddocks
Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United
Kingdom
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Carrasco-Correa EJ, Simó-Alfonso EF, Herrero-Martínez JM, Miró M. The emerging role of 3D printing in the fabrication of detection systems. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Li Y, Men X, Gao G, Tian Y, Wen Y, Zhang X. A distance-based capillary biosensor using wettability alteration. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:719-724. [PMID: 33475116 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Distance-based detection methods with a quantitative readout are of great significance to point-of-care testing (POCT), are low-cost and user-friendly, and can be integrated into portable analytical devices. Here, we submit a visual quantitative distance-based sensor by capillary force alteration in a capillary tube. This sensor converts the wettability alteration caused by the target molecules into a capillary rise height signal. Moreover, the sensor profits from isothermal amplification technology, achieving the detection of miRNAs with high sensitivity and specificity by visually reading the height of the water in the capillary tube. The proposed biosensor shows great potential in routine clinical diagnosis as well as POCT in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensors, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, P.R. China.
| | - Xiujin Men
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Guowei Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensors, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192, P.R. China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China.
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Zha Y, Lu S, Hu P, Ren H, Liu Z, Gao W, Zhao C, Li Y, Zhou Y. Dual-Modal Immunosensor with Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive Detection of Chloroacetamide Herbicides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6091-6098. [PMID: 33512133 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Convenient and ultrasensitive detection of pesticides is demanded for healthcare and environmental monitoring, which can be realized with a dual-modal strategy. In this paper, based on a biotin-labeled IgG-modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP@IgG-bio) probe, a dual-modal immunosensor was proposed for detecting chloroacetamide herbicides. This platform is relied on the dephosphorylation of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P) by alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In addition to this process, ascorbic acid (AA)-triggered deposition of silver on gold nanostars (AuNSs) and the fluorogenic reaction of dehydrogenated AA and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) occur sequentially. Thus, the dual readout of the color change of red-green-blue (RGB) and fluorescence generation in situ induced by crystal growth can be used. The limits of detection (LODs) were as low as 1.20 ng/mL of acetochlor (ATC), 0.89 ng/mL of metolachlor, 1.22 ng/mL of propisochlor, and 0.99 ng/mL of their mixture by a smartphone and 0.44 ng/mL of ATC, 1.59 ng/mL of metolachlor, 2.80 ng/mL of propisochlor, and 0.72 ng/mL of their mixture by a spectrofluorometer. The recoveries from corn were 91.4-105.1% of the colorimetric mode and 92.4-106.2% of the fluorescent mode. Due to its simple observation mode and good performance, this dual-modal immunosensor possesses considerable application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zha
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Shiying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Zengshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, P. R. China
| | - Chengmin Zhao
- Jingzhou Zhongqiao Biotechnoogy Co., Ltd., Jingzhou 434023, P. R. China
| | - Yansong Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, P. R. China
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50
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Jain S, Nehra M, Kumar R, Dilbaghi N, Hu T, Kumar S, Kaushik A, Li CZ. Internet of medical things (IoMT)-integrated biosensors for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113074. [PMID: 33596516 PMCID: PMC7866895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
On global scale, the current situation of pandemic is symptomatic of increased incidences of contagious diseases caused by pathogens. The faster spread of these diseases, in a moderately short timeframe, is threatening the overall population wellbeing and conceivably the economy. The inadequacy of conventional diagnostic tools in terms of time consuming and complex laboratory-based diagnosis process is a major challenge to medical care. In present era, the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) is in demand for fast detection of infectious diseases along with “on-site” results that are helpful in timely and early action for better treatment. In addition, POCT devices also play a crucial role in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases by offering real-time testing and lab quality microbial diagnosis within minutes. Timely diagnosis and further treatment optimization facilitate the containment of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Presently, efforts are being made to support such POCT by the technological development in the field of internet of medical things (IoMT). The IoMT offers wireless-based operation and connectivity of POCT devices with health expert and medical centre. In this review, the recently developed POC diagnostics integrated or future possibilities of integration with IoMT are discussed with focus on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases like malaria, dengue fever, influenza A (H1N1), human papilloma virus (HPV), Ebola virus disease (EVD), Zika virus (ZIKV), and coronavirus (COVID-19). The IoMT-assisted POCT systems are capable enough to fill the gap between bioinformatics generation, big rapid analytics, and clinical validation. An optimized IoMT-assisted POCT will be useful in understanding the diseases progression, treatment decision, and evaluation of efficacy of prescribed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Jain
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - TonyY Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805-8531, United States.
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
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