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Zhang X, Chen Z, Xiong Y, Zhou Q, Zhu LQ, Liu D. The emerging role of nitric oxide in the synaptic dysfunction of vascular dementia. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:402-415. [PMID: 38819044 PMCID: PMC11317957 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
With an increase in global aging, the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing, and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic rate. However, few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia patients. Similarly in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders, synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive decline. Nitric oxide is one of the ubiquitous gaseous cellular messengers involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system. Recently, nitric oxide has been implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. This review introduces in detail the emerging role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological states of vascular dementia and summarizes the diverse effects of nitric oxide on different aspects of synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction that underlie the progress of vascular dementia. Additionally, we propose that targeting the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway using certain specific approaches may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Center for Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies, Jiujiang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yinyi Xiong
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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2
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Lin L, Chen Y, He K, Metwally S, Jha R, Capuk O, Bhuiyan MIH, Singh G, Cao G, Yin Y, Sun D. Carotid artery vascular stenosis causes the blood-CSF barrier damage and neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:220. [PMID: 39256783 PMCID: PMC11385148 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choroid plexus (ChP) helps maintain the homeostasis of the brain by forming the blood-CSF barrier via tight junctions (TJ) at the choroid plexus epithelial cells, and subsequently preventing neuroinflammation by restricting immune cells infiltration into the central nervous system. However, whether chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causes ChP structural damage and blood-CSF barrier impairment remains understudied. METHODS The bilateral carotid stenosis (BCAS) model in adult male C57BL/6 J mice was used to induce cerebral hypoperfusion, a model for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). BCAS-mediated changes of the blood-CSF barrier TJ proteins, apical secretory Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) protein and regulatory serine-threonine kinases SPAK, and brain infiltration of myeloid-derived immune cells were assessed. RESULTS BCAS triggered dynamic changes of TJ proteins (claudin 1, claudin 5) accompanied with stimulation of SPAK-NKCC1 complex and NF-κB in the ChP epithelial cells. These changes impacted the integrity of the blood-CSF barrier, as evidenced by ChP infiltration of macrophages/microglia, neutrophils and T cells. Importantly, pharmacological blockade of SPAK with its potent inhibitor ZT1a in BCAS mice attenuated brain immune cell infiltration and improved cognitive neurological function. CONCLUSIONS BCAS causes chronic ChP blood-CSF damage and immune cell infiltration. Our study sheds light on the SPAK-NKCC1 complex as a therapeutic target in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kai He
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shamseldin Metwally
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roshani Jha
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Okan Capuk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Gazal Singh
- Biomedical Masters Program, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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3
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Katusic ZS, d’Uscio LV, He T. Cerebrovascular Endothelial Dysfunction: Role of BACE1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1737-1747. [PMID: 38868939 PMCID: PMC11269044 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunctional endothelium is increasingly recognized as a mechanistic link between cardiovascular risk factors and dementia, including Alzheimer disease. BACE1 (β-site amyloid-β precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1) is responsible for β-processing of APP (amyloid-β precursor protein), the first step in the production of Aβ (amyloid-β) peptides, major culprits in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Under pathological conditions, excessive activation of BACE1 exerts detrimental effects on endothelial function by Aβ-dependent and Aβ-independent mechanisms. High local concentration of Aβ in the brain blood vessels is responsible for the loss of key vascular protective functions of endothelial cells. More recent studies recognized significant contribution of Aβ-independent proteolytic activity of endothelial BACE1 to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. This review critically evaluates existing evidence supporting the concept that excessive activation of BACE1 expressed in the cerebrovascular endothelium impairs key homeostatic functions of the brain blood vessels. This concept has important therapeutic implications. Indeed, improved understanding of the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction may help in efforts to develop new approaches to the protection and preservation of healthy cerebrovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir S. Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Livius V. d’Uscio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Tongrong He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
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4
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Li B, Zhang Q, Cheng J, Feng Y, Jiang L, Zhao X, Lv Y, Yang K, Shi J, Wei W, Guo P, Wang J, Cao M, Ding W, Wang J, Su D, Zhou Y, Gao R. A Nanocapsule System Combats Aging by Inhibiting Age-Related Angiogenesis Deficiency and Glucolipid Metabolism Disorders. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39086076 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient angiogenic stimulation and dysregulated glycolipid metabolism in senescent vascular endothelial cells (VECs) constitute crucial features of vascular aging. Concomitantly, the generation of excess senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and active immune-inflammatory responses propagates within injured vessels, tissues, and organs. Until now, targeted therapies that efficiently rectify phenotypic abnormalities in senescent VECs have still been lacking. Here, we constructed a Pd/hCeO2-BMS309403@platelet membrane (PCBP) nanoheterostructured capsule system loaded with fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors and modified with platelet membranes and investigated its therapeutic role in aged mice. PCBP showed significant maintenance in aged organs and demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. Through cyclic tail vein administration, PCBP extended the lifespan and steadily ameliorated abnormal phenotypes in aged mice, including SASP production, immune and inflammatory status, and age-related metabolic disorders. In senescent ECs, PCBP mediated the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and glycolysis and inhibition of FABP4 by inducing the synthesis of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, thereby reawakening neovascularization and restoring glycolipid metabolic homeostasis. In conclusion, the PCBP nanocapsule system provides a promising avenue for interventions against aging-induced dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiahui Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yanfei Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lixian Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600, Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No. 801, Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jiaran Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Lihuili Hospital Facilitated to Ningbo University, Ningbo 315048, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241, Huaihaixi Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mengqiu Cao
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weina Ding
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Diansan Su
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200127, China
- College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227, Chongqingnan Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Wei N, Zhang LM, Xu JJ, Li SL, Xue R, Ma SL, Li C, Sun MM, Chen KS. Astaxanthin Rescues Memory Impairments in Rats with Vascular Dementia by Protecting Against Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:29. [PMID: 39014255 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a cognitive disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function resulting from cerebrovascular disease. The hippocampus is particularly susceptible to ischemic insults, leading to memory deficits in VaD. Astaxanthin (AST) has shown potential therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in VaD and against hippocampal neuronal death remain unclear. In this study, We used the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) method to establish a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rat model of VaD and administered a gastric infusion of AST at 25 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks to explore its therapeutic effects. Memory impairments were assessed using Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. We also performed biochemical analyses to evaluate levels of hippocampal neuronal death and apoptosis-related proteins, as well as the impact of astaxanthin on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and oxidative stress. Our results demonstrated that AST significantly rescued memory impairments in VaD rats. Furthermore, astaxanthin treatment protected against hippocampal neuronal death and attenuated apoptosis. We also observed that AST modulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting its involvement in promoting neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Additionally, AST exhibited antioxidant properties, mitigating oxidative stress in the hippocampus. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic effects of AST in VaD. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying the actions of AST, this study highlights the importance of protecting hippocampal neurons and suggests potential targets for intervention in VaD. There are still some unanswered questions include long-term effects and optimal dosage of the use in human. Further research is warranted to fully understand the therapeutic potential of AST and its application in the clinical treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luo-Man Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Ma
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
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Chen X, Yao N, Mao Y, Xiao D, Huang Y, Zhang X, Wang Y. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin/CYP1B1 pathway alleviates oxidative stress and protects the blood-brain barrier under cerebral ischemia/reperfusion conditions. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1541-1547. [PMID: 38051897 PMCID: PMC10883507 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202407000-00033/figure1/v/2023-11-20T171125Z/r/image-tiff
Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway participate in stroke-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier. However, the potential links between them following ischemic stroke remain largely unknown. The present study found that cerebral ischemia leads to oxidative stress and repression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Meanwhile, Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation by the pharmacological inhibitor, TWS119, relieved oxidative stress, increased the levels of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and tight junction-associated proteins (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1], occludin and claudin-5), as well as brain microvascular density in cerebral ischemia rats. Moreover, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells that underwent oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation displayed intense oxidative stress, suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, aggravated cell apoptosis, downregulated CYP1B1 and tight junction protein levels, and inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Overexpression of β-catenin or knockdown of β-catenin and CYP1B1 genes in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells at least partly ameliorated or exacerbated these effects, respectively. In addition, small interfering RNA-mediated β-catenin silencing decreased CYP1B1 expression, whereas CYP1B1 knockdown did not change the levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, Wnt-3a, and β-catenin proteins in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells after oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Thus, the data suggest that CYP1B1 can be regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin/CYP1B1 pathway contributes to alleviation of oxidative stress, increased tight junction levels, and protection of the blood-brain barrier against ischemia/hypoxia-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Nannan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanguang Mao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dongyun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yiyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yinzhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Academy of Medical Science, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Testing Laboratory of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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7
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Rajeev V, Tabassum NI, Fann DY, Chen CP, Lai MK, Arumugam TV. Intermittent Metabolic Switching and Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:92-107. [PMID: 38736362 PMCID: PMC11224924 DOI: 10.7570/jomes24010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary pattern alternating between eating and fasting periods within a 24-hour cycle, has garnered recognition for its potential to enhance both healthspan and lifespan in animal models and humans. It also shows promise in alleviating age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) spans a severity range from mild cognitive deficits to severe cognitive deficits and loss of function in vascular dementia. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has emerged as a significant contributor to VCI, instigating vascular pathologies such as microbleeds, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuronal loss, and white matter lesions. Preclinical studies in rodents strongly suggest that IF has the potential to attenuate pathological mechanisms, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways in VCI models. Hence, this supports evaluating IF in clinical trials for both existing and at-risk VCI patients. This review compiles existing data supporting IF's potential in treating VCI-related vascular and neuronal pathologies, emphasizing the mechanisms by which IF may mitigate these issues. Hence providing a comprehensive overview of the available data supporting IF's potential in treating VCI by emphasizing the underlying mechanisms that make IF a promising intervention for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nishat I. Tabassum
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K.P. Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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8
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Zhang H, Shang J, Li W, Gao D, Zhang J. Increased Expression of VCAM1 on Brain Endothelial Cells Drives Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment Following Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2028-2041. [PMID: 38710594 PMCID: PMC11099957 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-triggered blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a core pathological change occurring in vascular dementia (VD). Despite the recent advances in the exploration of the structural basis of BBB impairment and the routes of entry of harmful compounds after a BBB leakage, the molecular mechanisms inducing BBB impairment remain largely unknown in terms of VD. Here, we employed a CCH-induced VD model and discovered increased vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) expression on the brain endothelial cells (ECs). The expression of VCAM1 was directly correlated with the severity of BBB impairment. Moreover, the VCAM1 expression was associated with different regional white matter lesions. Furthermore, a compound that could block VCAM1 activation, K-7174, was also found to alleviate BBB leakage and protect the white matter integrity, whereas pharmacological manipulation of the BBB leakage did not affect the VCAM1 expression. Thus, our results demonstrated that VCAM1 is an important regulator that leads to BBB dysfunction following CCH. Blocking VCAM1-mediated BBB impairment may thus offer a new strategy to treat CCH-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhang
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Junkui Shang
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department
of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
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9
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Wang J, Zhen Y, Yang J, Yang S, Zhu G. Recognizing Alzheimer's disease from perspective of oligodendrocytes: Phenomena or pathogenesis? CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14688. [PMID: 38516808 PMCID: PMC10958408 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of amyloid beta, tau hyperphosphorylation, and microglia activation are the three highly acknowledged pathological factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, oligodendrocytes (OLs) were also widely investigated in the pathogenesis and treatment for AD. AIMS We aimed to update the regulatory targets of the differentiation and maturation of OLs, and emphasized the key role of OLs in the occurrence and treatment of AD. METHODS This review first concluded the targets of OL differentiation and maturation with AD pathogenesis, and then advanced the key role of OLs in the pathogenesis of AD based on both clinic and basic experiments. Later, we extensively discussed the possible application of the current progress in the diagnosis and treatment of this complex disease. RESULTS Molecules involving in OLs' differentiation or maturation, including various transcriptional factors, cholesterol homeostasis regulators, and microRNAs could also participate in the pathogenesis of AD. Clinical data point towards the impairment of OLs in AD patients. Basic research further supports the central role of OLs in the regulation of AD pathologies. Additionally, classic drugs, including donepezil, edaravone, fluoxetine, and clemastine demonstrate their potential in remedying OL impairment in AD models, and new therapeutics from the perspective of OLs is constantly being developed. CONCLUSIONS We believe that OL dysfunction is one important pathogenesis of AD. Factors regulating OLs might be biomarkers for early diagnosis and agents stimulating OLs warrant the development of anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingji Wang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases)Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Clinical Medical Research Center of Anhui ProvinceThe Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases)Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Jun Yang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases)Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
- The First Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases)Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases)Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
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10
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Xiao HH, Zhang FR, Li S, Guo FF, Hou JL, Wang SC, Yu J, Li XY, Yang HJ. Xinshubao tablet rescues cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of vascular dementia: Involvement of neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116219. [PMID: 38310654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) represents a severe cognitive dysfunction syndrome closed linked to cardiovascular function. In the present study, we assessed the potential of Xinshubao tablet (XSB), a traditional Chinese prescription widely used for cardiovascular diseases, to mitigate neuropathological damage in a mouse model of VaD and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed that oral administration of XSB rescued the cardiac dysfunction resulting from bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), improved the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive function, reduced white matter injury, inhibited excessive microglial and astrocytic activation, stimulated hippocampal neurogenesis, and reduced neural apoptosis in the brains of BCAS mice. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis indicated that XSB treatment was significantly associated with neuroinflammation, vasculature development, and synaptic transmission, which were further confirmed by q-PCR assays. Western blot results revealed that XSB treatment hindered the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), thereby suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results collectively demonstrated that XSB could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction caused by BCAS through regulating CBF, reducing white matter lesions, suppressing glial activation, promoting neurogenesis, and mitigating neuroinflammation. Notably, the NF-κB signaling pathway emerged as a pivotal player in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-He Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China; Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 363099, China
| | - Feng-Rong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Sen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fei-Fei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jin-Li Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shi-Cong Wang
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 363099, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian Province 363099, China.
| | - Xian-Yu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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11
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Yang X, Chang L, Liu Z, Geng X, Wang R, Yin X, Fan W, Zhao BQ. Neddylation in the chronically hypoperfused corpus callosum: MLN4924 reduces blood-brain barrier injury via ERK5/KLF2 signaling. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114587. [PMID: 37914067 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and cerebrovascular dysfunction may contribute to the pathology in white matter lesions and consequent cognitive decline caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. Neddylation is the process of attaching a ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) to specific targets. By modifying protein substrates, neddylation plays critical roles in various important biological processes. However, whether neddylation influences the pathogenesis of hypoperfused brain remains unclear. In the present study, cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter lesions were produced by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis in mice. The function of the neddylation pathway, BBB integrity, cerebrovascular dysfunction, myelin density in the corpus callosum and cognitive function were determined. We show that NEDD8 conjugation aberrantly amplified in microvascular endothelium in the corpus callosum following cerebral hypoperfusion. MLN4924, a small-molecule inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme currently in clinical trials, preserved BBB integrity, attenuated glial activation and enhanced oligodendrocyte differentiation, and reduced hypoperfusion-induced white matter lesions in the corpus callosum and thus improved cognitive performance via inactivating cullin-RING E3 ligase (CRL). Administration of MLN4924 caused the accumulation of ERK5 and KLF2. The ERK5 inhibitor BIX 02189, down-regulated MLN4924-induced activation of KLF2 and reversed MLN4924-mediated increase in pericyte coverage and junctional proteins. Furthermore, BIX 02189 blocked MLN4924-afforded protection against BBB disruption and white matter lesions in the corpus callosum. Collectively, our results revealed that neddylation impairs vascular function and thus exacerbated the pathology of hypoperfused brain and that inhibition of neddylation with MLN4924 may offer novel therapeutic opportunities for cerebral hypoperfusion-associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Luping Chang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongwang Liu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuhui Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wenying Fan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bing-Qiao Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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12
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Zhang Y, Ya D, Yang J, Jiang Y, Li X, Wang J, Tian N, Deng J, Yang B, Li Q, Liao R. EAAT3 impedes oligodendrocyte remyelination in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14487. [PMID: 37803915 PMCID: PMC10805396 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced demyelination causes progressive white matter injury, although the pathogenic pathways are unknown. METHODS The Single Cell Portal and PanglaoDB databases were used to analyze single-cell RNA sequencing experiments to determine the pattern of EAAT3 expression in CNS cells. Immunofluorescence (IF) was used to detect EAAT3 expression in oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). EAAT3 levels in mouse brains were measured using a western blot at various phases of development, as well as in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mouse models. The mouse bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) model was used to create white matter injury. IF, Luxol Fast Blue staining, and electron microscopy were used to investigate the effect of remyelination. 5-Ethynyl-2-Deoxy Uridine staining, transwell chamber assays, and IF were used to examine the effects of OPCs' proliferation, migration, and differentiation in vivo and in vitro. The novel object recognition test, the Y-maze test, the rotarod test, and the grid walking test were used to examine the impact of behavioral modifications. RESULTS A considerable amount of EAAT3 was expressed in OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes, according to single-cell RNA sequencing data. During multiple critical phases of mouse brain development, there were no substantial changes in EAAT3 levels in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, or white matter. Furthermore, neither the TBI nor ICH models significantly affected the levels of EAAT3 in the aforementioned brain areas. The chronic white matter injury caused by BCAS, on the other hand, resulted in a strikingly high level of EAAT3 expression in the oligodendroglia and white matter. Correspondingly, blocking EAAT3 assisted in the recovery of cognitive and motor impairment as well as the restoration of cerebral blood flow following BCAS. Furthermore, EAAT3 suppression was connected to improved OPCs' survival and proliferation in vivo as well as faster OPCs' proliferation, migration, and differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, this study revealed that the mTOR pathway is implicated in EAAT3-mediated remyelination. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first evidence that abnormally high levels of oligodendroglial EAAT3 in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion impair OPCs' pro-remyelination actions, hence impeding white matter repair and functional recovery. EAAT3 inhibitors could be useful in the treatment of ischemia demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Laboratory of NeuroscienceAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Dongshan Ya
- Laboratory of NeuroscienceAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Laboratory of NeuroscienceAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of PharmacologyAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Laboratory of NeuroscienceAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Laboratory of NeuroscienceAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Ning Tian
- Laboratory of NeuroscienceAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Jungang Deng
- Department of PharmacologyAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Qinghua Li
- Laboratory of NeuroscienceAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Rujia Liao
- Laboratory of NeuroscienceAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
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13
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Nelissen E, Schepers M, Ponsaerts L, Foulquier S, Bronckaers A, Vanmierlo T, Sandner P, Prickaerts J. Soluble guanylyl cyclase: A novel target for the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment? Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106970. [PMID: 37884069 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describes neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a vascular component. Pathologically, it involves decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF), white matter lesions, endothelial dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairments. Molecularly, oxidative stress and inflammation are two of the major underlying mechanisms. Nitric oxide (NO) physiologically stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to induce cGMP production. However, under pathological conditions, NO seems to be at the basis of oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to a decrease in sGC activity and expression. The native form of sGC needs a ferrous heme group bound in order to be sensitive to NO (Fe(II)sGC). Oxidation of sGC leads to the conversion of ferrous to ferric heme (Fe(III)sGC) and even heme-loss (apo-sGC). Both Fe(III)sGC and apo-sGC are insensitive to NO, and the enzyme is therefore inactive. sGC activity can be enhanced either by targeting the NO-sensitive native sGC (Fe(II)sGC), or the inactive, oxidized sGC (Fe(III)sGC) and the heme-free apo-sGC. For this purpose, sGC stimulators acting on Fe(II)sGC and sGC activators acting on Fe(III)sGC/apo-sGC have been developed. These sGC agonists have shown their efficacy in cardiovascular diseases by restoring the physiological and protective functions of the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, including the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and improvement of vascular functioning. Yet, only very little research has been performed within the cerebrovascular system and VCI pathology when focusing on sGC modulation and its potential protective mechanisms on vascular and neural function. Therefore, within this review, the potential of sGC as a target for treating VCI is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Nelissen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Neuro-immune connect and repair lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Laura Ponsaerts
- Neuro-immune connect and repair lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; Department of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Department of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Neuro-immune connect and repair lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Pharma Research Center, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany; Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
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14
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He T, d’Uscio LV, Katusic ZS. BACE2 deficiency impairs expression and function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in brain endothelial cells. J Neurochem 2023; 166:928-942. [PMID: 37547981 PMCID: PMC10599353 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 2 (BACE2) is highly expressed in cerebrovascular endothelium. Notably, BACE2 is one of the most downregulated genes in cerebrovascular endothelium derived from patients with Alzheimer's disease. The present study was designed to determine the role of BACE2 in control of expression and function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Genetic downregulation of BACE2 with small interfering RNA (BACE2siRNA) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) significantly decreased expression of eNOS and elevated levels of eNOS phosphorylated at threonine residue Thr495, thus leading to reduced production of nitric oxide (NO). BACE2siRNA also suppressed expression of APP and decreased production and release of soluble APPα (sAPPα). In contrast, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of APP increased expression of eNOS. Consistent with these observations, nanomolar concentrations of sAPPα and APP 17mer peptide (derived from sAPPα) augmented eNOS expression. Further analysis established that γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 and Krüppel-like factor 2 may function as downstream molecular targets significantly contributing to BACE2/APP/sAPPα-induced up-regulation of eNOS. In agreement with studies on cultured human endothelium, endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine and basal production of cyclic GMP were impaired in cerebral arteries of BACE2-deficient mice. We propose that in the brain blood vessels, BACE2 may function as a vascular protective protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongrong He
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Livius V. d’Uscio
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zvonimir S. Katusic
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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15
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Ma J, Chen T, Wang R. Astragaloside IV ameliorates cognitive impairment and protects oligodendrocytes from antioxidative stress via regulation of the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Neurochem Int 2023; 167:105535. [PMID: 37209830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), which is caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, is a common subtype of vascular dementia, accompanied by white matter damage and cognitive impairment. Currently, there are no effective treatments for this condition. Oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathogenesis of white matter damage. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the main active components of astragaloside, has antioxidant properties and promotes cognitive improvement; however, its effect on SIVD and its potential mechanism remain unknown. We aimed to clarify whether AS-IV had a protective effect against SIVD injury caused by right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that AS-IV treatment improved cognitive function and white matter damage, inhibited oxidative stress and glial cells activation, and promoted the survival of mature oligodendrocytes after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Moreover, the protein expression levels of NQO1, HO-1, SIRT1 and Nrf2 were increased by AS-IV treatment. However, pre-treatment with EX-527, a SIRT1-specific inhibitor, eliminated the beneficial effects of AS-IV. These results demonstrate that AS-IV plays a neuroprotective role in SIVD by suppressing oxidative stress and increasing the number of mature oligodendrocytes via the modulation of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling. Our results support AS-IV as a potential therapeutic agent for SIVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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16
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Chen X, Mao Y, Guo Y, Xiao D, Lin Z, Huang Y, Liu YC, Zhang X, Wang Y. LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:226. [PMID: 36978132 PMCID: PMC10045813 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests that immunoproteasome is implicated in the various neurological diseases such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether the immunoproteasome itself deficiency causes brain disease is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the contribution of the immunoproteasome subunit low molecular weight protein 2 (LMP2) in neurobehavioral functions. METHODS Male LMP2 gene completed knockout (LMP2-KO) and littermate wild type (WT) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 12-month-old were used for neurobehavioral testing and detection of proteins expression by western blotting and immunofluorescence. A battery of neurobehavioral test tools including Morris water maze (MWM), open field maze, elevated plus maze were used to evaluate the neurobehavioral changes in rats. Evans blue (EB) assay, Luxol fast blue (LFB) and Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining were applied to explore the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, brain myelin damage and brain intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, respectively. RESULTS We firstly found that LMP2 gene deletion did not cause significantly difference in rats' daily feeding activity, growth and development as well as blood routine, but it led to metabolic abnormalities including higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid and blood glucose in the LMP2-KO rats. Compared with the WT rats, LMP2-KO rats displayed obviously cognitive impairment and decreased exploratory activities, increased anxiety-like behavior and without strong effects on gross locomotor abilities. Furthermore, multiple myelin loss, increased BBB leakage, downregulation of tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-5 and occluding, and enhanced amyloid-β protein deposition were observed in brain regions of LMP2-KO rats. In addition, LMP2 deficiency significantly enhanced oxidative stress with elevated levels of ROS, caused the reactivation of astrocytes and microglials and markedly upregulated protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared to the WT rats, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings highlight LMP2 gene global deletion causes significant neurobehavioral dysfunctions. All these factors including metabolic abnormalities, multiple myelin loss, elevated levels of ROS, increased BBB leakage and enhanced amyloid-β protein deposition maybe work together and eventually led to chronic oxidative stress and neuroinflammation response in the brain regions of LMP2-KO rats, which contributed to the initial and progress of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yanguang Mao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yueting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Dongyun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zejing Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yiyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ying Chun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yinzhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Academy of Medical Science, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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17
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Abstract
eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) is critically important enzyme responsible for regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Under physiological conditions, constitutive eNOS activity and production of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) exert essential neurovascular protective functions. In this review, we first discuss the roles of endothelial NO in prevention of neuronal amyloid accumulation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, hallmarks of Alzheimer disease pathology. Next, we review existing evidence suggesting that NO released from endothelium prevents activation of microglia, stimulates glycolysis in astrocytes, and increases biogenesis of mitochondria. We also address major risk factors for cognitive impairment including aging and ApoE4 (apolipoprotein 4) genotype with focus on their detrimental effects on eNOS/NO signaling. Relevant to this review, recent studies suggested that aged eNOS heterozygous mice are unique model of spontaneous cerebral small vessel disease. In this regard, we review contribution of dysfunctional eNOS to deposition of Aβ (amyloid-β) into blood vessel wall leading to development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We conclude that endothelial dysfunction manifested by the loss of neurovascular protective functions of NO may significantly contribute to development of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir S. Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Livius V. d’Uscio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
| | - Tongrong He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, USA
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Sharp FR, DeCarli CS, Jin LW, Zhan X. White matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism, and APP/Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology: A hypothesis and review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1096206. [PMID: 36845656 PMCID: PMC9950279 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1096206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We postulate that myelin injury contributes to cholesterol release from myelin and cholesterol dysmetabolism which contributes to Abeta dysmetabolism, and combined with genetic and AD risk factors, leads to increased Abeta and amyloid plaques. Increased Abeta damages myelin to form a vicious injury cycle. Thus, white matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism and Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce or worsen AD neuropathology. The amyloid cascade is the leading hypothesis for the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The failure of clinical trials based on this hypothesis has raised other possibilities. Even with a possible new success (Lecanemab), it is not clear whether this is a cause or a result of the disease. With the discovery in 1993 that the apolipoprotein E type 4 allele (APOE4) was the major risk factor for sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD), there has been increasing interest in cholesterol in AD since APOE is a major cholesterol transporter. Recent studies show that cholesterol metabolism is intricately involved with Abeta (Aβ)/amyloid transport and metabolism, with cholesterol down-regulating the Aβ LRP1 transporter and upregulating the Aβ RAGE receptor, both of which would increase brain Aβ. Moreover, manipulating cholesterol transport and metabolism in rodent AD models can ameliorate pathology and cognitive deficits, or worsen them depending upon the manipulation. Though white matter (WM) injury has been noted in AD brain since Alzheimer's initial observations, recent studies have shown abnormal white matter in every AD brain. Moreover, there is age-related WM injury in normal individuals that occurs earlier and is worse with the APOE4 genotype. Moreover, WM injury precedes formation of plaques and tangles in human Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) and precedes plaque formation in rodent AD models. Restoring WM in rodent AD models improves cognition without affecting AD pathology. Thus, we postulate that the amyloid cascade, cholesterol dysmetabolism and white matter injury interact to produce and/or worsen AD pathology. We further postulate that the primary initiating event could be related to any of the three, with age a major factor for WM injury, diet and APOE4 and other genes a factor for cholesterol dysmetabolism, and FAD and other genes for Abeta dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R. Sharp
- Department of Neurology, The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
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