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Li K, Wei W, Xu C, Lian X, Bao J, Yang S, Wang S, Zhang X, Zheng X, Wang Y, Zhong S. Prebiotic inulin alleviates anxiety and depression-like behavior in alcohol withdrawal mice by modulating the gut microbiota and 5-HT metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156181. [PMID: 39488100 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence (AD) is a common psychiatric disorder, often accompanied by anxiety and depression. These comorbidities are linked to disturbances in serotonin (5-HT) metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Clinical studies suggest that inulin, a prebiotic, can alleviate anxiety and depression in AD patients by affecting the gut microbiota, although the mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential mechanisms by which inulin, a prebiotic, improves anxiety and depression-like behaviors in AD withdrawal mice. This research is based on the drug and food homology and intestinal treatment of encephalopathy, with the goal of developing new clinical strategies for AD treatment. STUDY DESIGN For this purpose, fecal samples from AD patients were analyzed to identify microorganisms associated with AD. An AD withdrawal mouse model was created, with inulin as the intervention and fluvoxamine maleate as the control. Techniques such as 16S microbiome sequencing and UPLC-TQMS-targeted metabolomics were used to assess gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, and 5-HT metabolism. METHODS The AD withdrawal model was built using the "Drinking-in-the-dark" protocol over 6 weeks. Inulin (2 g/kg/day) and fluvoxamine maleate (30 mg/kg/day) were administered for 4 weeks. The open field test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test were used to evaluate anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice. ELISA and qRT-PCR assessed 5-HT metabolism in the colon, blood, and prefrontal cortex, while 16S microbiome sequencing analyzed changes in gut microbiota and UPLC-TQMS examined SCFAs levels. Immunohistochemistry was used to study intestinal barrier integrity. RESULTS AD patients showed reduced SCFA-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia. In mice, AD withdrawal led to anxiety and depression-like behaviors, disrupted 5-HT metabolism, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Inulin supplementation alleviated these behaviors, increased 5-HT and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) levels, upregulated colonic tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) expression, and promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, while also increasing SCFAs levels. CONCLUSION Inulin increases the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, enhances SCFAs production, and regulates 5-HT metabolism, improving anxiety and depression-like behaviors in AD withdrawal mice. These findings suggest that inulin may serve as a nutritional intervention for mental health in AD patients by targeting the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chongchong Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xinqing Lian
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianjun Bao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shixu Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xulan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry/Alcohol Dependence Treatment, The Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Xinjian Zheng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shurong Zhong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China; Forensic Biology Identification Laboratory, Judicial Identification Center of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Spicer MM, Weber MA, Luo Z, Yang J, Narayanan NS, Fisher RA. Regulator of G protein signaling 6 (RGS6) in dopamine neurons promotes EtOH seeking, behavioral reward, and susceptibility to relapse. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:2255-2269. [PMID: 38856764 PMCID: PMC11518640 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission is believed to play a critical role in mediating reward responses to drugs of abuse, including alcohol (EtOH). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying EtOH-seeking behavior and dependence are not fully understood, and abstinence remains the only effective way to prevent alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Here, we developed novel RGS6fl/fl; DAT-iCreER mice to determine the role of RGS6 in DA neurons on EtOH consumption, reward, and relapse behaviors. We found that RGS6 is expressed in DA neurons in both human and mouse ventral tegmental area (VTA), and that RGS6 loss in mice upregulates DA transporter (DAT) expression in VTA DA neuron synaptic terminals. Remarkably, loss of RGS6 in DA neurons significantly reduced EtOH consumption, preference, and reward in a manner indistinguishable from that seen in RGS6-/- mice. Strikingly, RGS6 loss from DA neurons before or after EtOH behavioral reward is established significantly reduced (~ 50%) re-instatement of reward following extinguishment, demonstrating distinct roles of RGS6 in promoting reward and relapse susceptibility to EtOH. These studies identify DA neurons as the locus of RGS6 action in promoting EtOH consumption, preference, reward, and relapse. RGS6 is unique among R7 RGS proteins in promoting rather than suppressing behavioral responses to drugs of abuse and to modulate EtOH behavioral reward. This is a result of RGS6's pre-synaptic actions that we hypothesize promote VTA DA transmission by suppressing GPCR-Gαi/o-DAT signaling in VTA DA neurons. These studies identify RGS6 as a potential therapeutic target for behavioral reward and relapse to EtOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie M Spicer
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd. BSB 2-512, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Matthew A Weber
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Zili Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jianqi Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd. BSB 2-512, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nandakumar S Narayanan
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Rory A Fisher
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd. BSB 2-512, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Balan I, Grusca A, Chéry SL, Materia BR, O’Buckley TK, Morrow AL. Neurosteroid [3α,5α]-3-Hydroxy-pregnan-20-one Enhances the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Pathway in the Brain of Alcohol-Preferring Rats with Sex-Specificity. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:860. [PMID: 39063614 PMCID: PMC11277648 DOI: 10.3390/life14070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of allopregnanolone ([3α,5α]3-hydroxypregnan-20-one or 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone (3α,5α-THP); 10 mg/kg, IP) on fractalkine/CX3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) levels, associated signaling components, and markers for microglial and astrocytic cells in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of male and female alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Previous research suggested that 3α,5α-THP enhances anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) cytokine production in the brains of male P rats, with no similar effect observed in females. This study reveals that 3α,5α-THP elevates CX3CL1 levels by 16% in the NAc of female P rats, with no significant changes observed in males. The increase in CX3CL1 levels induced by 3α,5α-THP was observed in females across multiple brain regions, including the NAc, amygdala, hypothalamus, and midbrain, while no significant effect was noted in males. Additionally, female P rats treated with 3α,5α-THP exhibited notable increases in CX3CL1 receptor (CX3CR1; 48%) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1; 24%) levels, along with heightened activation (phosphorylation) of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1; 85%) in the NAc. Conversely, no similar alterations were observed in male P rats. Furthermore, 3α,5α-THP decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels by 19% in both female and male P rat NAc, without affecting microglial markers ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119). These findings indicate that 3α,5α-THP enhances the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 pathway in the female P rat brain but not in males, primarily influencing astrocyte reactivity, with no observed effect on microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adelina Grusca
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
| | - Samantha Lucenell Chéry
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Baylee R. Materia
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
| | - Todd K. O’Buckley
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Li Y, Yang L, Hao D, Chen Y, Ye-Lin Y, Li CSR, Li G. Functional Networks of Reward and Punishment Processing and Their Molecular Profiles Predicting the Severity of Young Adult Drinking. Brain Sci 2024; 14:610. [PMID: 38928610 PMCID: PMC11201596 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol misuse is associated with altered punishment and reward processing. Here, we investigated neural network responses to reward and punishment and the molecular profiles of the connectivity features predicting alcohol use severity in young adults. We curated the Human Connectome Project data and employed connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to examine how functional connectivity (FC) features during wins and losses are associated with alcohol use severity, quantified by Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism, in 981 young adults. We combined the CPM findings and the JuSpace toolbox to characterize the molecular profiles of the network connectivity features of alcohol use severity. The connectomics predicting alcohol use severity appeared specific, comprising less than 0.12% of all features, including medial frontal, motor/sensory, and cerebellum/brainstem networks during punishment processing and medial frontal, fronto-parietal, and motor/sensory networks during reward processing. Spatial correlation analyses showed that these networks were associated predominantly with serotonergic and GABAa signaling. To conclude, a distinct pattern of network connectivity predicted alcohol use severity in young adult drinkers. These "neural fingerprints" elucidate how alcohol misuse impacts the brain and provide evidence of new targets for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashuang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.L.)
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing 100124, China
- BJUT-UPV Joint Research Laboratory in Biomedical Engineering, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dongmei Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.L.)
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing 100124, China
- BJUT-UPV Joint Research Laboratory in Biomedical Engineering, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA (C.-S.R.L.)
| | - Yiyao Ye-Lin
- BJUT-UPV Joint Research Laboratory in Biomedical Engineering, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Chiang-Shan Ray Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA (C.-S.R.L.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Guangfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.L.)
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing 100124, China
- BJUT-UPV Joint Research Laboratory in Biomedical Engineering, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Castle ME, Flanigan ME. The role of brain serotonin signaling in excessive alcohol consumption and withdrawal: A call for more research in females. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100618. [PMID: 38433994 PMCID: PMC10907856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, but current treatments are insufficient in fully addressing the symptoms that often lead to relapses in alcohol consumption. The brain's serotonin system has been implicated in AUD for decades and is a major regulator of stress-related behaviors associated with increased alcohol consumption. This review will discuss the current literature on the association between neurobiological adaptations in serotonin systems and AUD in humans as well as the effectiveness of serotonin receptor manipulations on alcohol-related behaviors like consumption and withdrawal. We will further discuss how these findings in humans relate to findings in animal models, including a comparison of systemic pharmacological manipulations modulating alcohol consumption. We next provide a detailed overview of brain region-specific roles for serotonin and serotonin receptor signaling in alcohol-related behaviors in preclinical animal models, highlighting the complexity of forming a cohesive model of serotonin function in AUD and providing possible avenues for more effective therapeutic intervention. Throughout the review, we discuss what is known about sex differences in the sequelae of AUD and the role of serotonin in these sequelae. We stress a critical need for additional studies in women and female animals so that we may build a clearer path to elucidating sex-specific serotonergic mechanisms and develop better treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Castle
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Meghan E. Flanigan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Galán-Llario M, Gramage E, García-Guerra A, Torregrosa AB, Gasparyan A, Navarro D, Navarrete F, García-Gutiérrez MS, Manzanares J, Herradón G. Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure decreases perineuronal nets in the hippocampus in a sex dependent manner: Modulation through pharmacological inhibition of RPTPβ/ζ. Neuropharmacology 2024; 247:109850. [PMID: 38295947 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain maturation in which this organ undergoes critical plasticity mechanisms that increase its vulnerability to the effects of alcohol. Significantly, ethanol-induced disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis has been related to cognitive decline in adulthood. During adolescence, the maturation of perineuronal nets (PNNs), extracellular matrix structures highly affected by ethanol consumption, plays a fundamental role in neurogenesis and plasticity in the hippocampus. Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ is a critical anchor point for PNNs on the cell surface. Using the adolescent intermittent access to ethanol (IAE) model, we previously showed that MY10, a small-molecule inhibitor of RPTPβ/ζ, reduces chronic ethanol consumption in adolescent male mice but not in females and prevents IAE-induced neurogenic loss in the male hippocampus. We have now tested if these effects of MY10 are related to sex-dependent modulatory actions on ethanol-induced effects in PNNs. Our findings suggest a complex interplay between alcohol exposure, neural structures, and sex-related differences in the modulation of PNNs and parvalbumin (PV)-positive cells in the hippocampus. In general, IAE increased the number of PV + cells in the female hippocampus and reduced PNNs intensity in different hippocampal regions, particularly in male mice. Notably, we found that pharmacological inhibition of RPTPβ/ζ with MY10 regulates ethanol-induced alterations of PNNs intensity, which correlates with the protection of hippocampal neurogenesis from ethanol neurotoxic effects and may be related to the capacity of MY10 to increase the gene expression of key components of PNNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Galán-Llario
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Esther Gramage
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba García-Guerra
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Abraham B Torregrosa
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Av Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Av Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Av Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Av Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Av Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Av Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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Ming X, Gao S, Sun J, Zhang N, Guo R, Feng X, Luan X, Xing H, Jiao Y, Guo F. Regulation of the MCHergic Neural Circuit to Dorsal Raphe Nucleus on Emotion-Related Behaviors and Intestinal Dysfunction in Mice Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:605-622. [PMID: 38547853 DOI: 10.1159/000538582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is frequently accompanied by depression and anxiety, resulting in a reduced quality of life and increased medical expenditures. Although psychological factors are known to play an important role in the genesis and development of IBS-D, an understanding of the central neural control of intestinal dysfunction remains elusive. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a gut-brain peptide involved in regulating feeding, sleep-wake rhythms, and emotional states. METHODS This study investigated the regulation of the MCHergic neural circuit from the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, intestinal motility, and visceral hypersensitivity in a mice model of IBS-D. The models of IBS-D were prepared by inducing chronic unpredictable mild stress. RESULTS Chemogenetic activation of the MCH neurons in the LHA could excite serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the DRN and induce anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and IBS-D-like symptoms, which could be recovered by microinjection of the MCH receptor antagonist SNAP94847 into the DRN. The mice model of IBS-D showed a reduction of 5-HT and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the DRN, while an elevation of 5-HT and BDNF was observed in the colon through immunofluorescent staining, ELISA, and Western blot analysis. SNAP94847 treatment in the DRN alleviated anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, improved intestinal motility, and alleviated visceral hypersensitivity responses by normalizing the 5-HT and BDNF expression in the DRN and colon. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the activation of MCH neurons in the LHA may induce IBS-D symptoms via the DRN and that the MCH receptor antagonist could potentially have therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ming
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengli Gao
- Biomedical Center, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinqiu Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruixiao Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinchi Luan
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Xing
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Tringali G, Lavanco G, Castelli V, Pizzolanti G, Kuchar M, Currò D, Cannizzaro C, Brancato A. Cannabidiol tempers alcohol intake and neuroendocrine and behavioural correlates in alcohol binge drinking adolescent rats. Focus on calcitonin gene-related peptide's brain levels. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4870-4884. [PMID: 37525534 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol binge drinking is common among adolescents and may challenge the signalling systems that process affective stimuli, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signalling. Here, we employed a rat model of adolescent binge drinking to evaluate reward-, social- and aversion-related behaviour, glucocorticoid output and CGRP levels in affect-related brain regions. As a potential rescue, the effect of the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol was explored. Adolescent male rats underwent the intermittent 20% alcohol two-bottle choice paradigm; at the binge day (BD) and the 24 h withdrawal day (WD), we assessed CGRP expression in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), amygdala, hypothalamus and brainstem; in addition, we evaluated sucrose preference, social motivation and drive, nociceptive response, and serum corticosterone levels. Cannabidiol (40 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered before each drinking session, and its effect was measured on the above-mentioned readouts. At BD and WD, rats displayed decreased CGRP expression in mPFC, NAc and amygdala; increased CGRP levels in the brainstem; increased response to rewarding- and nociceptive stimuli and decreased social drive; reduced serum corticosterone levels. Cannabidiol reduced alcohol consumption and preference; normalised the abnormal corticolimbic CGRP expression, and the reward and aversion-related hyper-responsivity, as well as glucocorticoid levels in alcohol binge-like drinking rats. Overall, CGRP can represent both a mediator and a target of alcohol binge-like drinking and provides a further piece in the intricate puzzle of alcohol-induced behavioural and neuroendocrine sequelae. CBD shows promising effects in limiting adolescent alcohol binge drinking and rebalancing the bio-behavioural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tringali
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Castelli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Diego Currò
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Brancato
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Asaad W, Volos P, Maksimov D, Khavina E, Deviatkin A, Mityaeva O, Volchkov P. AAV genome modification for efficient AAV production. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15071. [PMID: 37095911 PMCID: PMC10121408 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most potent vectors in gene therapy. The experimental profile of this vector shows its efficiency and accepted safety, which explains its increased usage by scientists for the research and treatment of a wide range of diseases. These studies require using functional, pure, and high titers of vector particles. In fact, the current knowledge of AAV structure and genome helps improve the scalable production of AAV vectors. In this review, we summarize the latest studies on the optimization of scalable AAV production through modifying the AAV genome or biological processes inside the cell.
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