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Yoshinaga M, Takeuchi O. Regulation of inflammatory diseases via the control of mRNA decay. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:14. [PMID: 38491500 PMCID: PMC10941436 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation orchestrates a finely balanced process crucial for microorganism elimination and tissue injury protection. A multitude of immune and non-immune cells, alongside various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, collectively regulate this response. Central to this regulation is post-transcriptional control, governing gene expression at the mRNA level. RNA-binding proteins such as tristetraprolin, Roquin, and the Regnase family, along with RNA modifications, intricately dictate the mRNA decay of pivotal mediators and regulators in the inflammatory response. Dysregulated activity of these factors has been implicated in numerous human inflammatory diseases, underscoring the significance of post-transcriptional regulation. The increasing focus on targeting these mechanisms presents a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review offers an extensive overview of post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms during inflammatory responses, delving into recent advancements, their implications in human diseases, and the strides made in therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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2
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Lin B, Fan L, Jackson S, Matunis AR, Lou D, Chen K, Trevejo-Nuñez G. Lung Epithelial Regnase-1 Dampens Local Immune Response but Does Not Worsen Susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:89-96. [PMID: 38226923 PMCID: PMC10835647 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) presents a global health threat, leading to significant morbidity and mortality due to its multidrug-resistant profile and the limited availability of therapeutic options. To eliminate KP lung infection, the host initiates a robust inflammatory response. One of the host's mechanisms for mitigating excessive inflammation involves the RNA-binding protein regnase-1 (Reg1, MCPIP1, or ZC3H12A). Reg1 has an RNA binding domain that recognizes stem-loop structures in the 3' untranslated region of various proinflammatory transcripts, leading to mRNA decay. However, excessive suppression of inflammation by Reg1 results in suboptimal KP control. Reg1 deficiency within the nonhematopoietic compartment confers resistance to KP in the lung. Given that lung epithelium is crucial for KP resistance, we hypothesized that selective deletion of Reg1 in lung epithelial cells might enhance proinflammatory signals, leading to a better control of KP. Our transcriptomic analysis of epithelial cells in KP-infected wild-type mice revealed the presence of three distinct alveolar type 2 cell (AT2) subpopulations (conventional, inflammatory, and cycling) and enrichment of Reg1 in inflammatory AT2 cells. We conditionally deleted Reg1 in lung AT2 cells (ΔReg1), which amplified the local inflammatory response in the lung and increased macrophage cell numbers compared with controls. However, when ΔReg1 mice were subjected to KP infection, there were no significant differences in bacterial burden or survival compared with controls. These findings suggest that the local inflammatory response enhanced by Reg1 deletion in AT2 cells is insufficient to control KP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Li Fan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shaterra Jackson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Aidan R Matunis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dequan Lou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Giraldina Trevejo-Nuñez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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3
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Yoshinaga M, Takeuchi O. RNA Metabolism Governs Immune Function and Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1444:145-161. [PMID: 38467978 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process that protects our body from various insults such as infection, injury, and stress. Proper inflammation is beneficial to eliminate the insults and maintain organ homeostasis, however, it can become detrimental if uncontrolled. To tightly regulate inflammation, post-transcriptional mechanisms governing RNA metabolism play a crucial role in monitoring the expression of immune-related genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These mechanisms involve the coordinated action of various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including the Regnase family, Roquin, and RNA methyltransferases, which are responsible for mRNA decay and/or translation regulation. The collaborative efforts of these RBPs are essential in preventing aberrant immune response activation and consequently safeguarding against inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in our understanding of post-transcriptional regulation within the immune system and explores the specific roles of individual RBPs in RNA metabolism and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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4
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Nakatsuka Y, Matsumoto M, Inohara N, Núñez G. Pseudomonas aeruginosa hijacks the murine nitric oxide metabolic pathway to evade killing by neutrophils in the lung. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112973. [PMID: 37561628 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major pathogen causing lung infection. However, the mechanisms used by the pathogen to evade neutrophil-mediated killing remain poorly understood. Using a high-density transposon screen, we find that P. aeruginosa colonization in the lung is promoted by pathogen nitrite reductase nirD. nirD is required for ammonia production from nitrite, a metabolite derived from nitrogen oxide (NO) generated by inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) in phagocytes. P. aeruginosa deficient in nirD exhibit reduced survival in wild-type neutrophils but not in iNOS-deficient neutrophils. Mechanistically, nirD enhances P. aeruginosa survival in neutrophils by inhibiting the localization of the pathogen in late phagosomes. P. aeruginosa deficient in nirD show impaired lung colonization after infection in wild-type mice but not in mice with selective iNos deficiency in neutrophils. Thus, P. aeruginosa uses neutrophil iNOS-mediated NO production to limit neutrophil pathogen killing and to promote its colonization in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA.
| | - Masanori Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA.
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5
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Tsai YT, Chang CH, Tsai HY. Rege-1 promotes C. elegans survival by modulating IIS and TOR pathways. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010869. [PMID: 37556491 PMCID: PMC10441803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways are known to sense the environmental stimuli and result in physiological adjustments. The responding processes need to be tightly controlled. Here, we show that upon encountering P. aeruginosa, C. elegans upregulate the transcription factor ets-4, but this upregulation is attenuated by the ribonuclease, rege-1. As such, mutants with defective REGE-1 ribonuclease activity undergo ets-4-dependent early death upon challenge with P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, mRNA-seq analysis revealed associated global changes in two key metabolic pathways, the IIS (insulin/IGF signaling) and TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase signaling pathways. In particular, failure to degrade ets-4 mRNA in activity-defective rege-1 mutants resulted in upregulation of class II longevity genes, which are suppressed during longevity, and activation of TORC1 kinase signaling pathway. Genetic inhibition of either pathway way was sufficient to abolish the poor survival phenotype in rege-1 worms. Further analysis of ETS-4 ChIP data from ENCODE and characterization of one upregulated class II gene, ins-7, support that the Class II genes are activated by ETS-4. Interestingly, deleting an upregulated Class II gene, acox-1.5, a peroxisome β-oxidation enzyme, largely rescues the fat lost phenotype and survival difference between rege-1 mutants and wild-types. Thus, rege-1 appears to be crucial for animal survival due to its tight regulation of physiological responses to environmental stimuli. This function is reminiscent of its mammalian ortholog, Regnase-1, which modulates the intestinal mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsi Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yue Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Innate immune sensing of pathogens and its post-transcriptional regulations by RNA-binding proteins. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:65-77. [PMID: 36725818 PMCID: PMC9891759 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is one of the most ancient and conserved aspect of the immune system. It is responsible for an anti-infective response and has been intrinsically linked to the generation of inflammation. While the inflammatory response entails signaling to the adaptive immune system, it can be self-perpetuating and over-exaggerated, resulting in deleterious consequences, including cytokine storm, sepsis, and the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Cytokines are the defining features of the immune system. They are critical to mediation of inflammation and host immune defense, and are tightly regulated at several levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recently, the role of post-transcriptional regulation in fine-tuning cytokine expression has become more appreciated. This interest has advanced our understanding of how various mechanisms are integrated and regulated to determine the amount of cytokine production in cells during inflammatory responses. Here, we would like to review how innate immunity recognizes and responds to pathogens by pattern-recognition receptors, and the molecular mechanisms regulating inflammatory responses, with a focus on the post-transcriptional regulations of inflammatory mediators by RNA-binding proteins, especially Regnase-1. Finally, we will discuss the regulatory mechanisms of Regnase-1 and highlight therapeutic strategies based on targeting Regnase-1 activity and its turnover as potential treatment options for chronic and autoimmune diseases.
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Lu H, Zhang C, Wu W, Chen H, Lin R, Sun R, Gao X, Li G, He Q, Gao H, Wu X, Lin J, Zhu R, Niu J, Kolattukudy PE, Liu Z. MCPIP1 restrains mucosal inflammation by orchestrating the intestinal monocyte to macrophage maturation via an ATF3-AP1S2 axis. Gut 2022; 72:882-895. [PMID: 37015751 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveMonocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) is highly expressed in inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and negatively regulates immune response, while the underlying mechanisms regulating mucosal macrophage functions remain unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of MCPIP1 in modulating the differentiation and functions of intestinal macrophages in the pathogenesis of IBD.DesignScRNA-seq was used to cluster the monocyte/macrophage lineage from macrophage-specific Mcpip1-deficient (Mcpip1∆Mye) mice and Mcpip1fl/fl littermates. The differentially expressed genes were confirmed by RNA-seq, luciferase assay, CUT&Tag assay and Western blotting. Effects of MCPIP1 and the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-AP1S2 axis were assessed in patients with IBD.ResultsMcpip1∆Mye mice developed more severe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis characterised by an increase in macrophage migratory capacity and M1 macrophage polarisation but a decrease in the monocyte-to-macrophage maturation in gut mucosa compared with their littermates. ScRNA-seq unravelled a proinflammatory population (Ccr2+Il-1β+Tlr2+Cx3cr1−Cd163−Mrc1−Ly6c+) of the monocyte/macrophage lineage from lamina propria CD11b+ cells and an arrest of Mcpip1∆Mye monocyte-to-macrophage maturation in an Atf3-Ap1s2 axis-dependent manner. Silencing of Ap1s2 or Atf3 markedly suppressed Mcpip1∆Mye macrophage migration, M1-like polarisation, and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Notably, in vivo blockage of Ap1s2 ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in Mcpip1ΔMye mice through enhancing intestinal macrophage maturation. Furthermore, MCPIP1, ATF3 and AP1S2 were highly expressed in inflamed mucosa of active patients with IBD and blockage of ATF3 or AP1S2 significantly suppressed IBD CD14+-derived M1-like macrophage polarisation and proinflammatory cytokine production.ConclusionsMacrophage-specific Mcpip1 deficiency polarises macrophages towards M1-like phenotype, arrests macrophage maturation and exacerbates intestinal inflammation in an Atf3-Ap1s2-dependent manner, thus providing novel mechanistic insight into intestinal macrophage functions during IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ritian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruicong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengfeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianli Niu
- Office of Human Research, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Pappachan E Kolattukudy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lee TA, Han H, Polash A, Cho SK, Lee JW, Ra EA, Lee E, Park A, Kang S, Choi JL, Kim JH, Lee JE, Min KW, Yang SW, Hafner M, Lee I, Yoon JH, Lee S, Park B. The nucleolus is the site for inflammatory RNA decay during infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5203. [PMID: 36057640 PMCID: PMC9440930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are key signaling molecules that can promote an immune response, thus their RNA turnover must be tightly controlled during infection. Most studies investigate the RNA decay pathways in the cytosol or nucleoplasm but never focused on the nucleolus. Although this organelle has well-studied roles in ribosome biogenesis and cellular stress sensing, the mechanism of RNA decay within the nucleolus is not completely understood. Here, we report that the nucleolus is an essential site of inflammatory pre-mRNA instability during infection. RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that not only do inflammatory genes have higher intronic read densities compared with non-inflammatory genes, but their pre-mRNAs are highly enriched in nucleoli during infection. Notably, nucleolin (NCL) acts as a guide factor for recruiting cytosine or uracil (C/U)-rich sequence-containing inflammatory pre-mRNAs and the Rrp6-exosome complex to the nucleolus through a physical interaction, thereby enabling targeted RNA delivery to Rrp6-exosomes and subsequent degradation. Consequently, Ncl depletion causes aberrant hyperinflammation, resulting in a severe lethality in response to LPS. Importantly, the dynamics of NCL post-translational modifications determine its functional activity in phases of LPS. This process represents a nucleolus-dependent pathway for maintaining inflammatory gene expression integrity and immunological homeostasis during infection. The nucleolus is the traditional site for ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Here, the authors find that the nucleolus is a site of inflammatory pre-mRNA turnover and elucidated how immune homeostasis can be maintained by controlling inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyun A Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heonjong Han
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Ahsan Polash
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seok Keun Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Eun A Ra
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Areum Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Kang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhee L Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Samsung Genome Institute (SGI), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Min
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Seong Wook Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Sungwook Lee
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
| | - Boyoun Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Tse KM, Vandenbon A, Cui X, Mino T, Uehata T, Yasuda K, Sato A, Tsujimura T, Hia F, Yoshinaga M, Kinoshita M, Okuno T, Takeuchi O. Enhancement of Regnase-1 expression with stem loop-targeting antisense oligonucleotides alleviates inflammatory diseases. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo2137. [PMID: 35544597 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Regnase-1 is an ribonuclease that plays essential roles in restricting inflammation through degrading messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in immune reactions via the recognition of stem-loop (SL) structures in the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs). Dysregulated expression of Regnase-1 is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in mice and humans. Here, we developed a therapeutic strategy to suppress inflammatory responses by blocking Regnase-1 self-regulation, which was mediated by the simultaneous use of two antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) to alter the binding of Regnase-1 toward the SL structures in its 3'UTR. Regnase-1-targeting MOs not only enhanced Regnase-1 expression by stabilizing mRNAs but also effectively reduced the expression of multiple proinflammatory transcripts that were controlled by Regnase-1 in macrophages. Intratracheal administration of Regnase-1-targeting MOs ameliorated acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic fibrosis through suppression of inflammatory cascades. In addition, intracranial treatment with Regnase-1-targeting MOs attenuated the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by promoting the expansion of homeostatic microglia and regulatory T cell populations. Regnase-1 expression was inversely correlated with disease severity in patients with multiple sclerosis, and MOs targeting human Regnase-1 SL structures were effective in mitigating cytokine production in human immune cells. Collectively, MO-mediated disruption of the Regnase-1 self-regulation pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance Regnase-1 abundance, which, in turn, provides therapeutic benefits for treating inflammatory diseases by suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Man Tse
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaotong Cui
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Uehata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Yasuda
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tohru Tsujimura
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Fabian Hia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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10
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Mino T, Takeuchi O. Regnase-1-related endoribonucleases in health and immunological diseases. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:97-110. [PMID: 34514623 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in gene expression are key factors in the development and activation of immune cells. RNA metabolism is one of the critical steps for the control of gene expression. Together with transcriptional regulation, mRNA decay by specific ribonucleases (RNases) plays a vital role in shaping gene expression. In addition to the canonical exoribonuclease-mediated mRNA degradation through the recognition of cis-elements in mRNA 3' untranslated regions by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), endoribonucleases are involved in the control of mRNAs in immune cells. In this review, we gleam insights on how Regnase-1, an endoribonuclease necessary for regulating immune cell activation and maintenance of immune homeostasis, degrades RNAs involved in immune cell activation. Additionally, we provide insights on recent studies which uncover the role of Regnase-1-related RNases, including Regnase-2, Regnase-3, and Regnase-4, as well as N4BP1 and KHNYN, in immune regulation and antiviral immunity. As the dysregulation of immune mRNA decay leads to pathologies such as autoimmune diseases or impaired activation of immune responses, RNases are deemed as essential components of regulatory feedback mechanisms that modulate inflammation. Given the critical role of RNases in autoimmunity, RNases can be perceived as emerging targets in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mino
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Uehata T, Takeuchi O. Post-transcriptional regulation of immunological responses by Regnase-1-related RNases. Int Immunol 2021; 33:859-865. [PMID: 34320195 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) decay plays a crucial role in the control of gene expression. Canonical mRNA decay pathways are initiated by deadenylation and decapping, and are followed by exonucleolytic degradation. However, recent studies revealed that endoribonucleolytic cleavage also mediates mRNA decay, and both exoribonucleolytic and endoribonucleolytic decay pathways are important for the regulation of immune responses. Regnase-1 functions as an endoribonuclease to control immunity by damping mRNAs. Particularly, Regnase-1 controls cytokines and other inflammatory mediators by recognizing their mRNAs via stem-loop structures present in the 3' untranslated regions. Regnase-1 was found to be critical for human inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, a set of Regnase-1-related RNases contribute to immune regulation as well as antiviral host defense. In this review, we provide an overview of recent findings as to immune-related RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with an emphasis on stem-loop-mediated mRNA decay via Regnase-1 and related RNases and discuss how the function of these RBPs is regulated and contributes to inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Uehata
- Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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12
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Akiyama T, Suzuki T, Yamamoto T. RNA decay machinery safeguards immune cell development and immunological responses. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:447-460. [PMID: 33858774 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
mRNA decay systems control mRNA abundance by counterbalancing transcription. Several recent studies show that mRNA decay pathways are crucial to conventional T and B cell development in vertebrates, in addition to suppressing autoimmunity and excessive inflammatory responses. Selective mRNA degradation triggered by the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex appears to be required in lymphocyte development, cell quiescence, V(D)J (variable-diversity-joining) recombination, and prevention of inappropriate apoptosis in mice. Moreover, a recent study suggests that mRNA decay may be involved in preventing human hyperinflammatory disease. These findings imply that mRNA decay pathways in humans and mice do not simply maintain mRNA homeostatic turnover but can also precisely regulate immune development and immunological responses by selectively targeting mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishin Akiyama
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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13
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Nakatsuka Y, Yaku A, Handa T, Vandenbon A, Hikichi Y, Motomura Y, Sato A, Yoshinaga M, Tanizawa K, Watanabe K, Hirai T, Chin K, Suzuki Y, Uehata T, Mino T, Tsujimura T, Moro K, Takeuchi O. Profibrotic function of pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cells is controlled by regnase-1. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00018-2020. [PMID: 32978308 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00018-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regnase-1 is an RNase critical for post-transcriptional control of pulmonary immune homeostasis in mice by degrading immune-related mRNAs. However, little is known about the cell types Regnase-1 controls in the lung, and its relevance to human pulmonary diseases.Regnase-1-dependent changes in lung immune cell types were examined by a competitive bone marrow transfer mouse model, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were identified. Then the associations between Regnase-1 in ILC2s and human diseases were investigated by transcriptome analysis and a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. The clinical significance of Regnase-1 in ILC2s was further assessed using patient-derived cells.Regnase-1-deficiency resulted in the spontaneous proliferation and activation of ILC2s in the lung. Intriguingly, genes associated with pulmonary fibrosis were highly upregulated in Regnase-1-deficient ILC2s compared with wild-type, and supplementation of Regnase-1-deficient ILC2s augmented bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Regnase-1 suppresses mRNAs encoding transcription factors Gata3 and Egr1, which are potent to regulate fibrosis-associated genes. Clinically, Regnase-1 protein levels in ILC2 negatively correlated with the ILC2 population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients with ILC2s >1500 cells·mL-1 peripheral blood exhibited poorer prognosis than patients with lower numbers, implying the contribution of Regnase-1 in ILC2s for the progression of IPF.Collectively, Regnase-1 was identified as a critical post-transcriptional regulator of the profibrotic function of ILC2s both in mouse and human, suggesting that Regnase-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Dept of Respiratory Care and Sleep Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ai Yaku
- Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Dept of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Handa
- Dept of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Dept of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Hikichi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sato
- Dept of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshinaga
- Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Tanizawa
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kizuku Watanabe
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Chin
- Dept of Respiratory Care and Sleep Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Dept of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Uehata
- Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Abstract
Posttranscriptional control of mRNA regulates various biological processes, including inflammatory and immune responses. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind cis-regulatory elements in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA and regulate mRNA turnover and translation. In particular, eight RBPs (TTP, AUF1, KSRP, TIA-1/TIAR, Roquin, Regnase, HuR, and Arid5a) have been extensively studied and are key posttranscriptional regulators of inflammation and immune responses. These RBPs sometimes collaboratively or competitively bind the same target mRNA to enhance or dampen regulatory activities. These RBPs can also bind their own 3' UTRs to negatively or positively regulate their expression. Both upstream signaling pathways and microRNA regulation shape the interactions between RBPs and target RNA. Dysregulation of RBPs results in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Here, we summarize the functional roles of these eight RBPs in immunity and their associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.,Department of Host Defense, Division of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.,Department of Host Defense, Division of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan;
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15
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Semin I, Ninnemann J, Bondareva M, Gimaev I, Kruglov AA. Interplay Between Microbiota, Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines for the Maintenance of Epithelial Barrier Integrity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:644333. [PMID: 34124086 PMCID: PMC8194074 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.644333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is densely populated by microbiota consisting of various commensal microorganisms that are instrumental for the healthy state of the living organism. Such commensals generate various molecules that can be recognized by the Toll-like receptors of the immune system leading to the inflammation marked by strong upregulation of various proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β. To prevent excessive inflammation, a single layer of constantly renewing, highly proliferating epithelial cells (IEC) provides proper segregation of such microorganisms from the body cavities. There are various triggers which facilitate the disturbance of the epithelial barrier which often leads to inflammation. However, the nature and duration of the stress may determine the state of the epithelial cells and their responses to cytokines. Here we discuss the role of the microbiota-TLR-cytokine axis in the maintenance of the epithelial tissue integrity. In particular, we highlight discrepancies in the function of TLR and cytokines in IEC barrier during acute or chronic inflammation and we suggest that intervention strategies should be applied based on the type of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iaroslav Semin
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Justus Ninnemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Bondareva
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia Gimaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Kruglov
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Andrey A. Kruglov
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16
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Fischer M, Weinberger T, Schulz C. The immunomodulatory role of Regnase family RNA-binding proteins. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1721-1726. [PMID: 32752923 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1795584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins regulate RNA fate and govern post-transcriptional gene regulation. A new family of RNA-binding proteins is represented by regulatory RNases (Regnase, also known as Zc3h12 or MCPIP), which have emerged as important players in immune homoeostasis. Four members, Regnase1-4, have been identified to date. Here we summarize recent findings on the role of Regnase in the regulation of RNA biology and its consequences for cell functions and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fischer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet , Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Weinberger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet , Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet , Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Munich, Germany
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17
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Olafsson S, McIntyre RE, Coorens T, Butler T, Jung H, Robinson PS, Lee-Six H, Sanders MA, Arestang K, Dawson C, Tripathi M, Strongili K, Hooks Y, Stratton MR, Parkes M, Martincorena I, Raine T, Campbell PJ, Anderson CA. Somatic Evolution in Non-neoplastic IBD-Affected Colon. Cell 2020; 182:672-684.e11. [PMID: 32697969 PMCID: PMC7427325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers. We whole-genome sequenced 446 colonic crypts from 46 IBD patients and compared these to 412 crypts from 41 non-IBD controls from our previous publication on the mutation landscape of the normal colon. The average mutation rate of affected colonic epithelial cells is 2.4-fold that of healthy colon, and this increase is mostly driven by acceleration of mutational processes ubiquitously observed in normal colon. In contrast to the normal colon, where clonal expansions outside the confines of the crypt are rare, we observed widespread millimeter-scale clonal expansions. We discovered non-synonymous mutations in ARID1A, FBXW7, PIGR, ZC3H12A, and genes in the interleukin 17 and Toll-like receptor pathways, under positive selection in IBD. These results suggest distinct selection mechanisms in the colitis-affected colon and that somatic mutations potentially play a causal role in IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tim Coorens
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Timothy Butler
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hyunchul Jung
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Philip S Robinson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK; University of Cambridge, Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Henry Lee-Six
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Arestang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Claire Dawson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Monika Tripathi
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Konstantina Strongili
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yvette Hooks
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Miles Parkes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Tim Raine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
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18
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Gao J, Hori Y, Takeuchi O, Kikuchi K. Live-Cell Imaging of Protein Degradation Utilizing Designed Protein-Tag Mutant and Fluorescent Probe with Turn-Off Switch. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 31:577-583. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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19
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Frequent mutations that converge on the NFKBIZ pathway in ulcerative colitis. Nature 2019; 577:260-265. [PMID: 31853061 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is accompanied by recurring cycles of tissue destruction and repair and is associated with an increased risk of cancer1-3. However, how such cycles affect the clonal composition of tissues, particularly in terms of cancer development, remains unknown. Here we show that in patients with ulcerative colitis, the inflamed intestine undergoes widespread remodelling by pervasive clones, many of which are positively selected by acquiring mutations that commonly involve the NFKBIZ, TRAF3IP2, ZC3H12A, PIGR and HNRNPF genes and are implicated in the downregulation of IL-17 and other pro-inflammatory signals. Mutational profiles vary substantially between colitis-associated cancer and non-dysplastic tissues in ulcerative colitis, which indicates that there are distinct mechanisms of positive selection in both tissues. In particular, mutations in NFKBIZ are highly prevalent in the epithelium of patients with ulcerative colitis but rarely found in both sporadic and colitis-associated cancer, indicating that NFKBIZ-mutant cells are selected against during colorectal carcinogenesis. In further support of this negative selection, we found that tumour formation was significantly attenuated in Nfkbiz-mutant mice and cell competition was compromised by disruption of NFKBIZ in human colorectal cancer cells. Our results highlight common and discrete mechanisms of clonal selection in inflammatory tissues, which reveal unexpected cancer vulnerabilities that could potentially be exploited for therapeutics in colorectal cancer.
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20
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Yoshinaga M, Takeuchi O. Post-transcriptional control of immune responses and its potential application. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1063. [PMID: 31236273 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the host response against stresses such as infection. Although the inflammation process is required for the elimination of pathogens, uncontrolled inflammation leads to tissue destruction and inflammatory diseases. To avoid this, the inflammatory response is tightly controlled by multiple layers of regulation. Post-transcriptional control of inflammatory mRNAs is increasingly understood to perform critical roles in this process. This is mediated primarily by a set of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) including tristetraprolin, Roquin and Regnase-1, and RNA methylases. These key regulators coordinate the inflammatory response by modulating mRNA pools in both immune and local nonimmune cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the post-transcriptional coordination of immune responses in various tissues and discuss how RBP-mediated regulation of inflammation may be harnessed as a potential class of treatments for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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