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Yan S, Yang B, Qin H, Du C, Liu H, Jin T. Exploring the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies targeting TSLP and IgE in asthma management. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01908-2. [PMID: 38907743 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the utilization of biologic therapies for the management of asthma. Both TSLP and IgE are important immune molecules in the development of asthma, and they are involved in the occurrence and regulation of inflammatory response. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science was conducted to gather information on anti-TSLP antibody and anti-IgE antibody. RESULTS This investigation elucidates the distinct mechanistic roles of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) and Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the pathogenesis of asthma, with a particular emphasis on delineating the therapeutic mechanisms and pharmacological properties of monoclonal antibodies targeting IgE and TSLP. Through a meticulous examination of clinical trials involving paradigmatic agents such as omalizumab and tezepelumab, we offer valuable insights into the potential treatment modalities for diseases with shared immunopathogenic pathways involving IgE and TSLP. CONCLUSION The overarching objective of this comprehensive study is to delve into the latest advancements in asthma therapeutics and to provide guidance for future investigations in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yan
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science, DaZhou, 635000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Study of Distinctive Plants in Education Department of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute of Arts and Science, DaZhou, 635000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, ZiGong, 643000, China.
| | - Bowen Yang
- Unit for Drug and Instrument Supervision and Inspection of Wuxi Joint Logistic Support Center, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Haichuan Qin
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science, DaZhou, 635000, China
| | - Chengzhen Du
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science, DaZhou, 635000, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science, DaZhou, 635000, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, P.R. China.
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
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2
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Ito K, Kanemitsu Y, Ueda T, Kamiya T, Kubota E, Mori Y, Fukumitsu K, Tajiri T, Fukuda S, Uemura T, Ohkubo H, Ito Y, Shibata Y, Kumamoto N, Ugawa S, Niimi A. Comorbid functional dyspepsia reflects IL-33-mediated airway neuronal dysfunction in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00632-8. [PMID: 38909633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma and functional dyspepsia (FD). However, the relationship between these diseases remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the clinical implications of comorbid FD in asthma and to explore the unified pathway between asthma and FD by focusing on airway neuronal dysfunction. METHODS Clinical indices and biomarkers, including capsaicin cough sensitivity (C-CS), were compared between patients with asthma with and without FD. C-CS was determined on the basis of capsaicin concentration that induced at least 2 coughs (C2) or 5 coughs (C5). Additionally, the associations of airway inflammation with airway innervation and gastrointestinal motility were evaluated in mouse models of type 2 airway inflammation. RESULTS Patients with asthma with FD had worse asthma control and cough severity and lower C2 and C5 thresholds than those without FD. The severity of FD symptoms was negatively correlated with C2 and C5 thresholds. FD and poor asthma control were predictors of heightened C-CS (defined as C5 ≤ 2.44 μmol) in asthma. A mouse model of papain-induced airway inflammation developed airway hyperinnervation and gastrointestinal dysmotility, and both pathologies were ameliorated by an anti-IL-33 antibody. Moreover, papain-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility was mitigated by silencing the airway sensory neurons using QX-314, a sodium channel blocker. Furthermore, sputum IL-33 levels were significantly elevated in patients with asthma with FD or heightened C-CS compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION FD is significantly associated with airway neuronal dysfunction in asthma. IL-33-mediated airway neuronal dysfunction may contribute to the interaction between asthma and FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keima Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kanemitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kamiya
- Department of Medical Innovation, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Mori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukumitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tajiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takehiro Uemura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ohkubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kumamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Ugawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Niimi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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3
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Bagnasco D, De Ferrari L, Bondi B, Candeliere MG, Mincarini M, Riccio AM, Braido F. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Tezepelumab in Airway Diseases: From Physiological Role to Target Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5972. [PMID: 38892164 PMCID: PMC11172531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), is a protein belonging to a class of epithelial cytokines commonly called alarmins, which also includes IL-25 and IL-33. Functionally, TSLP is a key player in the immune response to environmental insults, initiating a number of downstream inflammatory pathways. TSLP performs its role by binding to a high-affinity heteromeric complex composed of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) chain and IL-7Rα. In recent years, the important role of proinflammatory cytokines in the etiopathogenesis of various chronic diseases such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs), and chronic spontaneous urticaria has been studied. Although alarmins have been found to be mainly implicated in the mechanisms of type 2 inflammation, studies on monoclonal antibodies against TSLP demonstrate partial efficacy even in patients whose inflammation is not definable as T2 and the so-called low T2. Tezepelumab is a human anti-TSLP antibody that prevents TSLP-TSLPR interactions. Several clinical trials are evaluating the safety and efficacy of Tezepelumab in various inflammatory disorders. In this review, we will highlight major recent advances in understanding the functional role of TSLP, its involvement in Th2-related diseases, and its suitability as a target for biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.F.); (B.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (F.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura De Ferrari
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.F.); (B.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (F.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bondi
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.F.); (B.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (F.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Candeliere
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.F.); (B.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (F.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Mincarini
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.F.); (B.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (F.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Riccio
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.F.); (B.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (F.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Braido
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.D.F.); (B.B.); (M.G.C.); (M.M.); (A.M.R.); (F.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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4
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Zaiss DMW, Pearce EJ, Artis D, McKenzie ANJ, Klose CSN. Cooperation of ILC2s and T H2 cells in the expulsion of intestinal helminth parasites. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:294-302. [PMID: 37798539 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses form a critical defence against enteric worm infections. In recent years, mouse models have revealed shared and unique functions for group 2 innate lymphoid cells and T helper 2 cells in type 2 immune response to intestinal helminths. Both cell types use similar innate effector functions at the site of infection, whereas each population has distinct roles during different stages of infection. In this Perspective, we review the underlying mechanisms used by group 2 innate lymphoid cells and T helper 2 cells to cooperate with each other and suggest an overarching model of the interplay between these cell types over the course of a helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar M W Zaiss
- Department of Immune Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christoph S N Klose
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Kurihara Y, Tashiro H, Konomi Y, Sadamatsu H, Ihara S, Takamori A, Kimura S, Sueoka-Aragane N, Takahashi K. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin contributes to ozone-induced exacerbations of eosinophilic airway inflammation via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in mice. Allergol Int 2024; 73:313-322. [PMID: 38145912 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone is one of the triggers of asthma, but its impact on the pathophysiology of asthma, such as via airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), is not fully understood. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is increasingly seen as a crucial molecule associated with asthma severity, such as corticosteroid resistance. METHODS Female BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with house dust mite (HDM) were exposed to ozone at 2 ppm for 3 h. Airway inflammation was assessed by the presence of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and concentrations of cytokines including TSLP in lung. Anti-TSLP antibody was administered to mice to block the signal. Survival and adhesion of bone marrow-derived eosinophils in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were evaluated. RESULTS Ozone exposure increased eosinophilic airway inflammation and AHR in mice sensitized and challenged with HDM. In addition, TSLP, but not IL-33 and IL-25, was increased in lung by ozone exposure. To confirm whether TSLP signaling is associated with airway responses to ozone, an anti-TSLP antibody was administered, and it significantly attenuated eosinophilic airway inflammation, but not AHR. Interestingly, G-CSF, but not type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, was regulated by TSLP signaling associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation, and G-CSF prolonged survival and activated eosinophil adhesion. CONCLUSIONS The present data show that TSLP contributes to ozone-induced exacerbations of eosinophilic airway inflammation and provide greater understanding of ozone-induced severity mechanisms in the pathophysiology of asthma related to TSLP and G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kurihara
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tashiro
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Konomi
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hironori Sadamatsu
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ihara
- Department of Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Ayako Takamori
- Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoko Sueoka-Aragane
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichiro Takahashi
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
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6
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Pimpalwar N, Celik S, Karbalaei Sadegh M, Czuba T, Gidlöf O, Smith JG. Analysis of genetic variant associated with heart failure mortality implicates thymic stromal lymphopoietin as mediator of strain-induced myocardial fibroblast-mast cell crosstalk and fibrosis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23510. [PMID: 38407489 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302000rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death and disability globally. Heritable factors and the extent and pattern of myocardial fibrosis are important determinants of outcomes in patients with HF. In a genome-wide association study of mortality in HF, we recently identified a genetic polymorphism on chromosome 5q22 associated with HF mortality. Here, we sought to study the mechanisms by which this variant may influence myocardial disease processes. We find that the risk allele is located in an enhancer motif upstream of the TSLP gene (encoding thymic stromal lymphopoietin), conferring increased binding of the transcription factor nescient helix-loop helix 1 (NHLH1) and increased TSLP expression in human heart. Further, we find that increased strain of primary human myocardial fibroblasts results in increased TSLP expression and that the TSLP receptor is expressed in myocardial mast cells in human single nuclei RNA sequence data. Finally, we show that TSLP overexpression induces increased transforming growth factor β expression in myocardial mast cells and tissue fibrosis. Collectively, our findings based on follow-up of a human genetic finding implicate a novel pathway in myocardial tissue homeostasis and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pimpalwar
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Selvi Celik
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mardjaneh Karbalaei Sadegh
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Czuba
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Gidlöf
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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7
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Akhtar S, Alsayed RKME, Ahmad F, AlHammadi A, Al-Khawaga S, AlHarami SMAM, Alam MA, Al Naama KAHN, Buddenkotte J, Uddin S, Steinhoff M, Ahmad A. Epigenetic control of inflammation in Atopic Dermatitis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:199-207. [PMID: 37120405 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a common but also complex chronic, itchy skin condition with underlying inflammation of the skin. This skin ailment is prevalent worldwide and affects people of all ages, particularly children below five years of age. The itching and resulting rashes in AD patients are often the result of inflammatory signals, thus necessitating a closer look at the inflammation-regulating mechanisms for putative relief, care and therapy. Several chemical- as well as genetically-induced animal models have established the importance of targeting pro-inflammatory AD microenvironment. Epigenetic mechanisms are gaining attention towards a better understanding of the onset as well as the progression of inflammation. Several physiological processes with implications in pathophysiology of AD, such as, barrier dysfunction either due to reduced filaggrin / human β-defensins or altered microbiome, reprograming of Fc receptors with resulting overexpression of high affinity IgE receptors, elevated eosinophil numbers or the elevated IL-22 production by CD4 + T cells have underlying epigenetic mechanisms that include differential promoter methylation and/or regulation by non-coding RNAs. Reversing these epigenetic changes has been verified to reduce inflammatory burden through altered secretion of cytokines IL-6, IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22 etc, with benefit against AD progression in experimental models. A thorough understanding of epigenetic remodeling of inflammation in AD has the potential of opening avenues for novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Reem Khaled M E Alsayed
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Ayda AlHammadi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Sara Al-Khawaga
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | | | - Majid Ali Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | | | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Medical School, Doha 24144, Qatar; Dept. of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, NY, USA.
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
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8
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Hamu-Tanoue A, Takagi K, Taketomi Y, Miki Y, Nishito Y, Kano K, Aoki J, Matsuyama T, Kondo K, Dotake Y, Matsuyama H, Machida K, Murakami M, Inoue H. Group III secreted phospholipase A 2 -driven lysophospholipid pathway protects against allergic asthma. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23428. [PMID: 38236184 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301976r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of airway obstruction, hyperresponsiveness, remodeling, and eosinophilia. Phospholipase A2 s (PLA2 s), which release fatty acids and lysophospholipids from membrane phospholipids, have been implicated in exacerbating asthma by generating pro-asthmatic lipid mediators, but an understanding of the association between individual PLA2 subtypes and asthma is still incomplete. Here, we show that group III-secreted PLA2 (sPLA2 -III) plays an ameliorating, rather than aggravating, role in asthma pathology. In both mouse and human lungs, sPLA2 -III was expressed in bronchial epithelial cells and decreased during the asthmatic response. In an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model, Pla2g3-/- mice exhibited enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, OVA-specific IgE production, and type 2 cytokine expression as compared to Pla2g3+/+ mice. Lipidomics analysis showed that the pulmonary levels of several lysophospholipids, including lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), were decreased in OVA-challenged Pla2g3-/- mice relative to Pla2g3+/+ mice. LPA receptor 2 (LPA2 ) agonists suppressed thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expression in bronchial epithelial cells and reversed airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilia in Pla2g3-/- mice, suggesting that sPLA2 -III negatively regulates allergen-induced asthma at least by producing LPA. Thus, the activation of the sPLA2 -III-LPA pathway may be a new therapeutic target for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Hamu-Tanoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kondo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Dotake
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Machida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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9
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Gupta A, Park CO, Oh K. DMOG protects against murine IL-33-induced pulmonary type 2 inflammation through HIF-1 pathway in innate lymphoid cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 684:149139. [PMID: 37897913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the traditional methods of treating allergy is to avoid the allergen, protocol that has long been used in high altitude clinics. It has been hypothesized that the therapeutic effect of high altitude on allergy is due to allergen avoidance, exposure to sunlight and reduced stress. However, the contribution of environmental elements like low oxygen pressure and hypoxia remains underexplored. In this study, we examined the role of hypoxia in the development of type 2 lung inflammation. Mice were administered with papain or recombinant IL-33 intra-nasally to induce type 2 lung inflammation. Some of them were treated additionally with the prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor DMOG, which mimics hypoxia. DMOG treatment exhibited an inhibitory effect on the lung inflammation induced by papain or IL-33, operating in a manner independent of T and B cells. The anti-inflammatory effect of DMOG was accompanied by a downregulation of IL-5 and IL-13 in innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which was abolished in HIF-1α deficient mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that DMOG's modulatory effect on IL-5 and IL-13 operates through the HIF-1 pathway, resulting in a reduction in type 2 lung inflammation. These findings underscore the role of the PHD-HIF pathway in IL-5 and IL-13 expression in lung ILCs and pharmacological inhibition of PHD might be a novel therapeutic candidate for type 2 lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwonik Oh
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea; Institute of Medical Science, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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10
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Segawa R, Kyoda T, Yagisawa M, Muramatsu T, Hiratsuka M, Hirasawa N. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors suppressed thymic stromal lymphopoietin production and allergic responses in a mouse air-pouch-type ovalbumin sensitization model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110127. [PMID: 37030118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease, triggered by excessive type 2 immune reactions. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial-derived cytokine that induces type 2 immune response through dendritic cell activation. Therefore, TSLP inhibitors may serve as novel antiallergic drugs. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activation in the epithelia contributes to several homeostatic phenomena, such as re-epithelialization. However, the effects of HIF activation on TSLP production and immune activation in the skin remain unclear. In this study, we found that selective HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHD inhibitors), which induce HIF activation, suppressed TSLP production in a mouse ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization model. PHD inhibitors also suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which is a major inducer of TSLP production, in this mouse model and in a macrophage cell line. Consistent with these findings, PHD inhibitors suppressed OVA-specific IgE levels in the serum and OVA-induced allergic responses. Furthermore, we found a direct suppressive effect on TSLP expression in a human keratinocyte cell line mediated by HIF activation. Taken together, our findings suggest that PHD inhibitors exert antiallergic effects by suppressing TSLP production. Controlling the HIF activation system has therapeutic potential in AD.
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11
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Theofani E, Tsitsopoulou A, Morianos I, Semitekolou M. Severe Asthmatic Responses: The Impact of TSLP. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087581. [PMID: 37108740 PMCID: PMC10142872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the lower respiratory system and includes several categories of patients with varying features or phenotypes. Patients with severe asthma (SA) represent a group of asthmatics that are poorly responsive to medium-to-high doses of inhaled corticosteroids and additional controllers, thus leading in some cases to life-threatening disease exacerbations. To elaborate on SA heterogeneity, the concept of asthma endotypes has been developed, with the latter being characterized as T2-high or low, depending on the type of inflammation implicated in disease pathogenesis. As SA patients exhibit curtailed responses to standard-of-care treatment, biologic therapies are prescribed as adjunctive treatments. To date, several biologics that target specific downstream effector molecules involved in disease pathophysiology have displayed superior efficacy only in patients with T2-high, eosinophilic inflammation, suggesting that upstream mediators of the inflammatory cascade could constitute an attractive therapeutic approach for difficult-to-treat asthma. One such appealing therapeutic target is thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial-derived cytokine with critical functions in allergic diseases, including asthma. Numerous studies in both humans and mice have provided major insights pertinent to the role of TSLP in the initiation and propagation of asthmatic responses. Undoubtedly, the magnitude of TSLP in asthma pathogenesis is highlighted by the fact that the FDA recently approved tezepelumab (Tezspire), a human monoclonal antibody that targets TSLP, for SA treatment. Nevertheless, further research focusing on the biology and mode of function of TSLP in SA will considerably advance disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Theofani
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Tsitsopoulou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- Host Defense and Fungal Pathogenesis Lab, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 71300 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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12
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Topczewska PM, Rompe ZA, Jakob MO, Stamm A, Leclère PS, Preußer A, Duerr CU, Thole LML, Kotsch K, Artis D, Klose CSN. ILC2 require cell-intrinsic ST2 signals to promote type 2 immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130933. [PMID: 37063913 PMCID: PMC10104602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation of type 2 immune responses at mucosal barriers is regulated by rapidly secreted cytokines called alarmins. The alarmins IL-33, IL-25 and TSLP are mainly secreted by stromal and epithelial cells in tissues and were linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as allergic lung inflammation, or to resistance against worm infections. Receptors for alarmins are expressed by a variety of immune cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), an early source of the type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13, which have been linked to atopic diseases and anti-worm immunity as well. However, the precise contribution of the IL-33 receptor signals for ILC2 activation still needs to be completed due to limitations in targeting genes in ILC2. Using the newly established Nmur1 iCre-eGFP mouse model, we obtained specific conditional genetic ablation of the IL-33 receptor subunit ST2 in ILC2s. ST2-deficient ILC2s were unresponsive to IL-33 but not to stimulation with the alarmin IL-25. As a result of defective ST2 signals, ILC2s produced limited amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 and failed to support eosinophil homeostasis. Further, ST2-deficient ILC2s were unable to expand and promote the recruitment of eosinophils during allergic lung inflammation provoked by papain administration. During infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, ILC2-intrinsic ST2 signals were required to mount an effective type 2 immune response against the parasite leading to higher susceptibility against worm infection in conditional knockout mice. Therefore, this study argues for a non-redundant role of cell-intrinsic ST2 signals triggering proper activation of ILC2 for initiation of type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja M. Topczewska
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoe A. Rompe
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel O. Jakob
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Stamm
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre S. Leclère
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Preußer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia U. Duerr
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Marie Laura Thole
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Kotsch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christoph S. N. Klose
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Gupta A, Lee K, Oh K. mTORC1 Deficiency Prevents the Development of MC903-Induced Atopic Dermatitis through the Downregulation of Type 2 Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5968. [PMID: 36983043 PMCID: PMC10054228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczema and itching. Recently, mTORC, a central regulator of cellular metabolism, has been reported to play a critical role in immune responses, and manipulation of mTORC pathways has emerged as an effective immunomodulatory drug. In this study, we assessed whether mTORC signaling could contribute to the development of AD in mice. AD-like skin inflammation was induced by a 7-day treatment of MC903 (calcipotriol), and ribosomal protein S6 was highly phosphorylated in inflamed tissues. MC903-induced skin inflammation was ameliorated significantly in Raptor-deficient mice and exacerbated in Pten-deficient mice. Eosinophil recruitment and IL-4 production were also decreased in Raptor deficient mice. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory roles of mTORC1 in immune cells, we observed an anti-inflammatory effect on keratinocytes. TSLP was upregulated in Raptor deficient mice or by rapamycin treatment, which was mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling. Taken together, these results from our study indicate the dual roles of mTORC1 in the development of AD, and further studies on the role of HIF in AD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Gupta
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonik Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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14
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León B. Understanding the development of Th2 cell-driven allergic airway disease in early life. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 3:1080153. [PMID: 36704753 PMCID: PMC9872036 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy, are caused by abnormal responses to relatively harmless foreign proteins called allergens found in pollen, fungal spores, house dust mites (HDM), animal dander, or certain foods. In particular, the activation of allergen-specific helper T cells towards a type 2 (Th2) phenotype during the first encounters with the allergen, also known as the sensitization phase, is the leading cause of the subsequent development of allergic disease. Infants and children are especially prone to developing Th2 cell responses after initial contact with allergens. But in addition, the rates of allergic sensitization and the development of allergic diseases among children are increasing in the industrialized world and have been associated with living in urban settings. Particularly for respiratory allergies, greater susceptibility to developing allergic Th2 cell responses has been shown in children living in urban environments containing low levels of microbial contaminants, principally bacterial endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], in the causative aeroallergens. This review highlights the current understanding of the factors that balance Th2 cell immunity to environmental allergens, with a particular focus on the determinants that program conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) toward or away from a Th2 stimulatory function. In this context, it discusses transcription factor-guided functional specialization of type-2 cDCs (cDC2s) and how the integration of signals derived from the environment drives this process. In addition, it analyzes observational and mechanistic studies supporting an essential role for innate sensing of microbial-derived products contained in aeroallergens in modulating allergic Th2 cell immune responses. Finally, this review examines whether hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimulation, particularly to LPS, is a risk factor for the induction of Th2 cell responses and allergic sensitization during infancy and early childhood and the potential factors that may affect early-age response to LPS and other environmental microbial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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15
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Han NR, Park HJ, Ko SG, Moon PD. The Protective Effect of a Functional Food Consisting of Astragalus membranaceus, Trichosanthes kirilowii, and Angelica gigas or Its Active Component Formononetin against Inflammatory Skin Disorders through Suppression of TSLP via MDM2/HIF1α Signaling Pathways. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020276. [PMID: 36673369 PMCID: PMC9858287 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An herbal mixture (SH003) of Astragalus membranaceus, Trichosanthes kirilowii, and Angelica gigas exhibits therapeutic effects on carcinomas and immunosuppression. However, the role of JRP-SNF102, which is an advanced mixture of SH003, in regulating inflammatory responses is unexplored. We aim to substantiate the therapeutic potential of JRP-SNF102 and its active component, formononetin (FMN), as a functional food that moderates inflammatory responses. The inhibitory effects of JRP-SNF102 or FMN on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels were evaluated in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus A23187-activated human mast cell line-1 (HMC-1) cells and a mouse model of PMA-induced ear edema. The JRP-SNF102 or FMN inhibited the secretion and mRNA expression of TSLP and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the activated HMC-1 cells. The expression levels of murine double minute 2 (MDM2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and NF-κB were also suppressed by JRP-SNF102 or FMN in the activated HMC-1 cells. The JRP-SNF102 or FMN inhibited TSLP and VEGF levels, attenuating redness and ear thickness in mice with acute ear edema; JRP-SNF102 or FMN reduced the expression levels of MDM2, HIF1α, and NF-κB in the ear tissues. These findings suggest the potential for JRP-SNF102 as a functional food in the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders through suppression of TSLP and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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16
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Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts on multiple cell lineages, including dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils and innate lymphoid cells, affecting their maturation, survival and recruitment. It is best known for its role in promoting type 2 immune responses such as in allergic diseases and, in 2021, a monoclonal antibody targeting TSLP was approved for the treatment of severe asthma. However, it is now clear that TSLP has many other important roles in a variety of settings. Indeed, several genetic variants for TSLP are linked to disease severity, and chromosomal alterations in TSLP are common in certain cancers, indicating important roles of TSLP in disease. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in TSLP biology, highlighting how it regulates the tissue environment not only in allergic disease but also in infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Encouragingly, therapies targeting the TSLP pathway are being actively pursued for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Ebina-Shibuya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Kurihara M, Kabata H, Irie M, Fukunaga K. Current summary of clinical studies on anti-TSLP antibody, Tezepelumab, in asthma. Allergol Int 2023; 72:24-30. [PMID: 36470789 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine that plays a vital role in the induction of type 2 inflammation via both innate and acquired immune cascades. Tezepelumab, a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that inhibits the binding of TSLP to the TSLP receptor, is the latest biologic for asthma. To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of tezepelumab in asthma, the PATHWAY, NAVIGATOR, NOZOMI, UPSTREAM, CASCADE, SOURCE, and DESTINATION studies have been conducted. These results suggested that tezepelumab is a broad-target biologic, which is expected to be effective in patients with poorly controlled moderate to severe asthma regardless of the phenotype, although its efficacy in oral corticosteroids-dependent asthma, biological mechanism in non-type 2 phenotype, and long-term safety remain unknown. In this review, we summarize the results of clinical trials of tezepelumab in asthma and discuss the differences between tezepelumab and other biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kurihara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kabata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Misato Irie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Garcia-Garcia ML, Sastre B, Arroyas M, Beato M, Alonso P, Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Del Pozo V, Casas I, Calvo C. Nasal TSLP and periostin in infants with severe bronchiolitis and risk of asthma at 4 years of age. Respir Res 2023; 24:26. [PMID: 36694181 PMCID: PMC9872300 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe bronchiolitis is often associated with subsequent respiratory morbidity, mainly recurrent wheezing and asthma. However, the underlying immune mechanisms remain unclear. The main goal of this study was to investigate the association of nasal detection of periostin and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) during severe bronchiolitis with the development of asthma at 4 years of age. METHODS Observational, longitudinal, post-bronchiolitis, hospital-based, follow-up study. Children hospitalized for bronchiolitis between October/2013 and July/2017, currently aged 4 years, included in a previous study to investigate the nasal airway secretion of TSLP and periostin during bronchiolitis, were included. Parents were contacted by telephone, and were invited to a clinical interview based on a structured questionnaire to obtain information on the respiratory evolution. The ISAAC questionnaire for asthma symptoms for 6-7-year-old children, was also employed. RESULTS A total of 248 children were included (median age 4.4 years). The mean age at admission for bronchiolitis was 3.1 (IQR: 1.5-6.5) months. Overall, 21% had ever been diagnosed with asthma and 37% had wheezed in the last 12 months. Measurable nasal TSLP was detected at admission in 27(11%) cases and periostin in 157(63%). The detection of nasal TSLP was associated with the subsequent prescription of maintenance asthma treatment (p = 0.04), montelukast (p = 0.01), and the combination montelukast/inhaled glucocorticosteroids (p = 0.03). Admissions for asthma tended to be more frequent in children with TSLP detection (p = 0.07). In the multivariate analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, the detection of TSLP remained independently associated with chronic asthma treatment prescription (aOR:2.724; CI 1.051-7.063, p:0.04) and with current asthma (aOR:3.41; CI 1.20-9.66, p:0.02). Nasal detection of periostin was associated with lower frequency of ever use of short-acting beta2-agonists (SABA) (p = 0.04), lower prevalence of current asthma (p = 0.02), less prescription of maintenance asthma treatment in the past 12 months (p = 0.02, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, periostin was associated with lower risk of asthma at 4 years, independently of the atopic status (aOR:0.511 CI 95% 0.284-0.918, p:0.025). CONCLUSIONS Our results show a positive correlation between nasal TSLP detection in severe bronchiolitis and the presence of current asthma, prescription of asthma maintenance treatment and respiratory admissions up to the age of 4 years. By contrast, we found a protective association between nasal periostin detection and current asthma at 4 years, ever diagnosis of asthma, maintenance asthma treatment prescription, and respiratory admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Garcia-Garcia
- grid.411361.00000 0001 0635 4617Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avenida Orellana s/n, 28911 Leganés, Madrid Spain ,grid.73221.350000 0004 1767 8416Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain ,grid.512890.7CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain ,Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- grid.419651.e0000 0000 9538 1950Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Arroyas
- grid.411361.00000 0001 0635 4617Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avenida Orellana s/n, 28911 Leganés, Madrid Spain ,grid.73221.350000 0004 1767 8416Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Maite Beato
- grid.411361.00000 0001 0635 4617Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avenida Orellana s/n, 28911 Leganés, Madrid Spain ,grid.73221.350000 0004 1767 8416Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Patricia Alonso
- grid.411361.00000 0001 0635 4617Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Avenida Orellana s/n, 28911 Leganés, Madrid Spain ,grid.73221.350000 0004 1767 8416Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rodrigo-Muñoz
- grid.419651.e0000 0000 9538 1950Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain ,grid.512891.6CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Del Pozo
- grid.419651.e0000 0000 9538 1950Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain ,grid.512891.6CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Centre (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Calvo
- grid.512890.7CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain ,Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain ,grid.81821.320000 0000 8970 9163Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain ,Fundación IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain ,TEDDY Network (European Network of Excellence for Pediatric Clinical Research), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Yu F, Courjaret R, Elmi A, Adap EA, Orie NN, Zghyer F, Hubrack S, Hayat S, Asaad N, Worgall S, Suthanthiran M, Ali VM, Machaca K. Chronic reduction of store operated Ca 2+ entry is viable therapeutically but is associated with cardiovascular complications. J Physiol 2022; 600:4827-4848. [PMID: 36181482 DOI: 10.1113/jp283811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) are associated with severe paediatric disorders in humans, including combined immunodeficiency, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, anhidrosis and muscle hypotonia. Given its central role in immune cell activation, SOCE has been a therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Treatment for such chronic diseases would require prolonged SOCE inhibition. It is, however, unclear whether chronic SOCE inhibition is viable therapeutically. Here we address this issue using a novel genetic mouse model (SOCE hypomorph) with deficient SOCE, nuclear factor of activated T cells activation, and T cell cytokine production. SOCE hypomorph mice develop and reproduce normally and do not display muscle weakness or overt anhidrosis. They do, however, develop cardiovascular complications, including hypertension and tachycardia, which we show are due to increased sympathetic autonomic nervous system activity and not cardiac or vascular smooth muscle autonomous defects. These results assert that chronic SOCE inhibition is viable therapeutically if the cardiovascular complications can be managed effectively clinically. They further establish the SOCE hypomorph line as a genetic model to define the therapeutic window of SOCE inhibition and dissect toxicities associated with chronic SOCE inhibition in a tissue-specific fashion. KEY POINTS: A floxed stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) hypomorph mouse model was generated with significant reduction in Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), resulting in defective nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytokine production and inflammatory response. The hypomorph mice are viable and fertile, with no overt defects. Decreased SOCE in the hypomorph mice is due to poor translocation of the mutant STIM1 to endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites resulting in fewer STIM1 puncta. Hypomorph mice have similar susceptibility to controls to develop diabetes but exhibit tachycardia and hypertension. The hypertension is not due to increased vascular smooth muscle contractility or vascular remodelling. The tachycardia is not due to heart-specific defects but rather seems to be due to increased circulating catecholamines in the hypomorph. Therefore, long term SOCE inhibition is viable if the cardiovascular defects can be managed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Courjaret
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Asha Elmi
- College of Health and Life Science, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ethel Alcantara Adap
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Fawzi Zghyer
- Medical Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Satanay Hubrack
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sajad Hayat
- Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nidal Asaad
- Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manikkam Suthanthiran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Khaled Machaca
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Duchesne M, Okoye I, Lacy P. Epithelial cell alarmin cytokines: Frontline mediators of the asthma inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975914. [PMID: 36311787 PMCID: PMC9616080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of the airway epithelium to external stimuli such as allergens, microbes, and air pollution triggers the release of the alarmin cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP interact with their ligands, IL-17RA, IL1RL1 and TSLPR respectively, expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells including dendritic cells, ILC2 cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Alarmins play key roles in driving type 2-high, and to a lesser extent type 2-low responses, in asthma. In addition, studies in which each of these three alarmins were targeted in allergen-challenged mice showed decreased chronicity of type-2 driven disease. Consequently, ascertaining the mechanism of activity of these upstream mediators has implications for understanding the outcome of targeted therapies designed to counteract their activity and alleviate downstream type 2-high and low effector responses. Furthermore, identifying the factors which shift the balance between the elicitation of type 2-high, eosinophilic asthma and type-2 low, neutrophilic-positive/negative asthma by alarmins is essential. In support of these efforts, observations from the NAVIGATOR trial imply that targeting TSLP in patients with tezepelumab results in reduced asthma exacerbations, improved lung function and control of the disease. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms surrounding the secretion of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP from the airway epithelium and how this influences the allergic airway cascade. We also review in detail how alarmin-receptor/co-receptor interactions modulate downstream allergic inflammation. Current strategies which target alarmins, their efficacy and inflammatory phenotype will be discussed.
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21
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Comparison of cytokine mediators in type 2 inflammatory conditions on the skin and ocular surface. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:319-327. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Investigational Treatments in Phase I and II Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review in Asthma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092330. [PMID: 36140430 PMCID: PMC9496184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain the mainstay of asthma treatment, along with bronchodilators serving as control agents in combination with ICS or reliever therapy. Although current pharmacological treatments improve symptom control, health status, and the frequency and severity of exacerbations, they do not really change the natural course of asthma, including disease remission. Considering the highly heterogeneous nature of asthma, there is a strong need for innovative medications that selectively target components of the inflammatory cascade. The aim of this review was to systematically assess current investigational agents in Phase I and II randomised controlled trials (RCTs) over the last five years. Sixteen classes of novel therapeutic options were identified from 19 RCTs. Drugs belonging to different classes, such as the anti-interleukin (IL)-4Rα inhibitors, anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), anti-IL-17A mAbs, anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mAbs, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibitors, bifunctional M3 receptor muscarinic antagonists/β2-adrenoceptor agonists (MABAs), and anti-Fel d 1 mAbs, were found to be effective in the treatment of asthma, with lung function being the main assessed outcome across the RCTs. Several novel investigational molecules, particularly biologics, seem promising as future disease-modifying agents; nevertheless, further larger studies are required to confirm positive results from Phase I and II RCTs.
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23
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Parnes JR, Molfino NA, Colice G, Martin U, Corren J, Menzies-Gow A. Targeting TSLP in Asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:749-765. [PMID: 35685846 PMCID: PMC9172920 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s275039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine implicated in the initiation and persistence of inflammatory pathways in asthma. Released in response to a range of epithelial insults (eg, allergens, viruses, bacteria, pollutants, and smoke), TSLP initiates multiple downstream innate and adaptive immune responses involved in asthma inflammation. Inhibition of TSLP is postulated to represent a novel approach to treating the diverse phenotypes and endotypes of asthma. Tezepelumab, the TSLP inhibitor farthest along in clinical development, is a human monoclonal antibody (IgG2λ) that binds specifically to TSLP, preventing interactions with its heterodimeric receptor. Results of recently published phase 2 and 3 studies, reviewed in this article, provide evidence of the safety and efficacy of tezepelumab that builds on initial findings. Tezepelumab is safe, well tolerated, and provides clinically meaningful improvements in asthma control, including reduced incidence of exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with severe asthma. Clinical benefits were associated with reductions in levels of a broad spectrum of cytokines (eg, interleukin [IL]-5, IL-13) and baseline biomarkers (eg, blood eosinophils, immunoglobulin [Ig]E, fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO]) and were observed across a range of severe asthma phenotypes (ie, eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic). These data strengthen the notion that anti-TSLP elicits broad inhibitory effects on pathways that are key to asthma inflammation rather than on narrower inhibition of individual downstream factors. This review presents the rationale for targeting TSLP to treat asthma, as well as the clinical effects of TSLP blockade on asthma outcomes, biomarkers of disease activity, airway inflammation, lung physiology, and patient symptoms.
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24
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Sunaga S, Tsunoda J, Teratani T, Mikami Y, Kanai T. Heterogeneity of ILC2s in the Intestine; Homeostasis and Pathology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867351. [PMID: 35707544 PMCID: PMC9190760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were identified in 2010 as a novel lymphocyte subset lacking antigen receptors, such as T-cell or B-cell receptors. ILC2s induce local immune responses characterized by producing type 2 cytokines and play essential roles for maintaining tissue homeostasis. ILC2s are distributed across various organs, including the intestine where immune cells are continuously exposed to external antigens. Followed by luminal antigen stimulation, intestinal epithelial cells produce alarmins, such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and activate ILC2s to expand and produce cytokines. In the context of parasite infection, the tuft cell lining in the epithelium has been revealed as a dominant source of intestinal IL-25 and possesses the capability to regulate ILC2 homeostasis. Neuronal systems also regulate ILC2s through neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, and interact with ILC2s bidirectionally, a process termed “neuro-immune crosstalk”. Activated ILC2s produce type 2 cytokines, which contribute to epithelial barrier function, clearance of luminal antigens and tissue repair, while ILC2s are also involved in chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis. Recent studies have shed light on the contribution of ILC2s to inflammatory bowel diseases, mainly comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, as defined by chronic immune activation and inflammation. Modern single-cell analysis techniques provide a tissue-specific picture of ILC2s and their roles in regulating homeostasis in each organ. Particularly, single-cell analysis helps our understanding of the uniqueness and commonness of ILC2s across tissues and opens the novel research area of ILC2 heterogeneity. ILC2s are classified into different phenotypes depending on tissue and phase of inflammation, mainly inflammatory and natural ILC2 cells. ILC2s can also switch phenotype to ILC1- or ILC3-like subsets. Hence, recent studies have revealed the heterogeneity and plasticity of ILC2, which indicate dynamicity of inflammation and the immune system. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanisms, function, and pathological roles of ILC2s in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sunaga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Tsunoda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yohei Mikami, ; Takanori Kanai,
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yohei Mikami, ; Takanori Kanai,
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25
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Miyake K, Ito J, Karasuyama H. Role of Basophils in a Broad Spectrum of Disorders. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902494. [PMID: 35693800 PMCID: PMC9186123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils are the rarest granulocytes and have long been overlooked in immunological research due to their rarity and similarities with tissue-resident mast cells. In the last two decades, non-redundant functions of basophils have been clarified or implicated in a broad spectrum of immune responses, particularly by virtue of the development of novel analytical tools for basophils. Basophils infiltrate inflamed tissues of patients with various disorders, even though they circulate in the bloodstream under homeostatic conditions. Depletion of basophils results in the amelioration or exaggeration of inflammation, depending on models of disease, indicating basophils can play either beneficial or deleterious roles in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of basophil pathophysiology under various conditions in mice and humans, including allergy, autoimmunity, tumors, tissue repair, fibrosis, and COVID-19. Further mechanistic studies on basophil biology could lead to the identification of novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets in a broad range of diseases.
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26
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Ekpruke CD, Silveyra P. Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:875295. [PMID: 35769576 PMCID: PMC9234861 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.875295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by an increase in the contraction and inflammation of airway muscles, resulting in airflow obstruction. The prevalence of asthma is lower in females than in males until the start of puberty, and higher in adult women than men. This sex disparity and switch at the onset of puberty has been an object of debate among many researchers. Hence, in this review, we have summarized these observations to pinpoint areas needing more research work and to provide better sex-specific diagnosis and management of asthma. While some researchers have attributed it to the anatomical and physiological differences in the male and female respiratory systems, the influences of hormonal interplay after puberty have also been stressed. Other hormones such as leptin have been linked to the sex differences in asthma in both obese and non-obese patients. Recently, many scientists have also demonstrated the influence of the sex-specific genomic framework as a key player, and others have linked it to environmental, social lifestyle, and occupational exposures. The majority of studies concluded that adult men are less susceptible to developing asthma than women and that women display more severe forms of the disease. Therefore, the understanding of the roles played by sex- and gender-specific factors, and the biological mechanisms involved will help develop novel and more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic plans for sex-specific asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Damilola Ekpruke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Patricia Silveyra
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27
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Ham J, Shin JW, Ko BC, Kim HY. Targeting the Epithelium-Derived Innate Cytokines: From Bench to Bedside. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e11. [PMID: 35291657 PMCID: PMC8901708 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
When epithelial cells are exposed to potentially threatening external stimuli such as allergens, bacteria, viruses, and helminths, they instantly produce "alarmin" cytokines, namely, IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP. These alarmins alert the immune system about these threats, thereby mobilizing host immune defense mechanisms. Specifically, the alarmins strongly stimulate type-2 immune cells, including eosinophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, type-2 helper T cells, and type-2 innate lymphoid cells. Given that the alarm-raising role of IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP was first detected in allergic and infectious diseases, most studies on alarmins focus on their role in these diseases. However, recent studies suggest that alarmins also have a broad range of effector functions in other pathological conditions, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Therefore, this review provides an update on the epithelium-derived cytokines in both allergic and non-allergic diseases. We also review the progress of clinical trials on biological agents that target the alarmins and discuss the therapeutic potential of these agents in non-allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Ham
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Shin
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Ko
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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28
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Shannon JL, Corcoran DL, Murray JC, Ziegler SF, MacLeod AS, Zhang JY. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin controls hair growth. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:649-663. [PMID: 35216683 PMCID: PMC9039851 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin tissue regeneration after injury involves the production and integration of signals by stem cells residing in hair follicles (HFSCs). Much remains unknown about how specific wound-derived factors modulate stem cell contribution to hair growth. We demonstrate that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is produced in response to skin injury and during the anagen phase of the hair cycle. Intradermal injection of TSLP promoted wound-induced hair growth (WIHG), whereas neutralizing TSLP receptor (TSLPR) inhibited WIHG. Using flow cytometry and fluorescent immunostaining, we found that TSLP promoted proliferation of transit-amplifying cells. Lgr5CreER-mediated deletion of Tslpr in HFSCs inhibited both wound-induced and exogenous TSLP-induced hair growth. Our data highlight a novel function for TSLP in regulation of hair follicle activity during homeostasis and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Shannon
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, P.O. Box 103052, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David L Corcoran
- Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - John C Murray
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, P.O. Box 103052, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, P.O. Box 103052, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, P.O. Box 103052, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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29
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Kabata H, Motomura Y, Kiniwa T, Kobayashi T, Moro K. ILCs and Allergy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1365:75-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Olguín-Martínez E, Ruiz-Medina BE, Licona-Limón P. Tissue-Specific Molecular Markers and Heterogeneity in Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757967. [PMID: 34759931 PMCID: PMC8573327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently described group of lymphoid subpopulations. These tissue-resident cells display a heterogeneity resembling that observed on different groups of T cells, hence their categorization as cytotoxic NK cells and helper ILCs type 1, 2 and 3. Each one of these groups is highly diverse and expresses different markers in a context-dependent manner. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are activated in response to helminth parasites and regulate the immune response. They are involved in the etiology of diseases associated with allergic responses as well as in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Markers associated with their identification differ depending on the tissue and model used, making the study and understanding of these cells a cumbersome task. This review compiles evidence for the heterogeneity of ILC2s as well as discussion and analyses of molecular markers associated with their identity, function, tissue-dependent expression, and how these markers contribute to the interaction of ILC2s with specific microenvironments to maintain homeostasis or respond to pathogenic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Olguín-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Blanca E Ruiz-Medina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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31
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Kwon Y, Choi Y, Kim M, Jeong MS, Jung HS, Jeoung D. HDAC6 and CXCL13 Mediate Atopic Dermatitis by Regulating Cellular Interactions and Expression Levels of miR-9 and SIRT1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:691279. [PMID: 34588978 PMCID: PMC8473914 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.691279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been known to regulate inflammatory diseases. The role of HDAC6 in allergic skin inflammation has not been studied. We studied the role of HDAC6 in atopic dermatitis (AD) and the mechanisms associated with it. The decreased expression or chemical inhibition of HDAC6 suppressed AD by decreasing autophagic flux and cellular features of AD. AD increased expression levels of the Th1 and Th2 cytokines, but decreased expression levels of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in an HDAC6-dependent manner. CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), which was increased in an HDAC6-depenednt manner, mediated AD. MiR-9, negatively regulated by HDAC6, suppressed AD by directly regulating the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). The downregulation or inhibition of SIRT1 suppressed AD. Experiments employing culture medium and transwell suggested that cellular interactions involving mast cells, keratinocytes, and dermal fibroblast cells could promote AD; HDAC6 and CXCL13 were found to be necessary for these cellular interactions. Mouse recombinant CXCL13 protein increased HDAC6 expression in skin mast cells and dermal fibroblast cells. CXCL13 protein was found to be present in the exosomes of DNCB-treated skin mast cells. Exosomes of DNCB-treated skin mast cells enhanced invasion potentials of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast cells and increased expression levels of HDAC6, SIRT1 and CXCL13 in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast cells. These results indicate that HDAC6 and CXCL13 may serve as targets for the developing anti-atopic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yunji Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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32
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Li J. Melatonin prevents allergic airway inflammation in epicutaneously sensitized mice. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210398. [PMID: 34522948 PMCID: PMC8458693 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathological process of atopic dermatitis (AD) progressing into other types of allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis during the first several years of life is often referred to as the atopic march. Although the phenomenon of atopic march has been recognized for decades, how asthma stems from AD is still not fully understood, confounding a universal strategy to effectively protect people from the atopic march. METHODS We established experimental atopic march mice by first inducing allergic dermatitis with 0.5% fluorescein isothiocyante (FITC) applied to the skin, followed by an ovalbumin (OVA) airway challenge. In addition, by examining serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations, airway cytokines, the levels of oxidative stress markers, histopathological changes in lung tissue and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), we were able to validate the successful establishment of the model. Furthermore, by detecting the attenuating effects of melatonin (MT) and the levels of oxidative stress in the atopic march mice, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms involved in the development of atopic march. RESULTS By successfully establishing an experimental atopic march mouse model, we were able to demonstrate that overproduction of oxidative stress in the lung significantly up-regulated the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways causing thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) release, which further promotes the development of atopic march. CONCLUSIONS To mitigate the development of the atopic march, antioxidants such as MT may be imperative to inhibit NF-κB activation in the lung, especially after the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564507, China
| | - Yaolin Ren
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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33
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Ziegler SF. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, skin barrier dysfunction, and the atopic march. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 127:306-311. [PMID: 34153443 PMCID: PMC8419079 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atopic dermatitis often precedes the development of other atopic diseases, and the atopic march describes this temporal relationship in the natural history of these diseases. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie this relationship are poorly understood, epidemiologic and genetic data have suggested that the skin might be an important route of sensitization to allergens. DATA SOURCES Review of recent studies on the role of skin barrier defects in systemic allergen sensitization. STUDY SELECTIONS Recent publications on the relationship between skin barrier defects and expression of epithelial cell-derived cytokines. RESULTS Animal models have begun to elucidate on how skin barrier defects can lead to systemic allergen sensitization. Emerging data now suggest that epithelial cell-derived cytokines, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, drive the progression from atopic dermatitis to asthma and food allergy. Skin barrier defects can lead to induction of epithelial cell-derived cytokines, which in turn leads to the initiation and maintenance of allergic inflammation and the atopic march. CONCLUSION Development of new biologic drug targeting type 2 cytokines provides novel therapeutic interventions for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Ziegler
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.
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34
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Choa R, Tohyama J, Wada S, Meng H, Hu J, Okumura M, May RM, Robertson TF, Pai RAL, Nace A, Hopkins C, Jacobsen EA, Haldar M, FitzGerald GA, Behrens EM, Minn AJ, Seale P, Cotsarelis G, Kim B, Seykora JT, Li M, Arany Z, Kambayashi T. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces adipose loss through sebum hypersecretion. Science 2021; 373:373/6554/eabd2893. [PMID: 34326208 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies indicate that the immune system can regulate systemic metabolism. Here, we show that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) stimulates T cells to induce selective white adipose loss, which protects against obesity, improves glucose metabolism, and mitigates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Unexpectedly, adipose loss was not caused by alterations in food intake, absorption, or energy expenditure. Rather, it was induced by the excessive loss of lipids through the skin as sebum. TSLP and T cells regulated sebum release and sebum-associated antimicrobial peptide expression in the steady state. In human skin, TSLP expression correlated directly with sebum-associated gene expression. Thus, we establish a paradigm in which adipose loss can be achieved by means of sebum hypersecretion and uncover a role for adaptive immunity in skin barrier function through sebum secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Choa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junichiro Tohyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shogo Wada
- Cardiovascular Institute and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hu Meng
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariko Okumura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Tanner F Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth-Anne Langan Pai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arben Nace
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christian Hopkins
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Malay Haldar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andy J Minn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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35
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Han NR, Ko SG, Moon PD, Park HJ. Chloroquine attenuates thymic stromal lymphopoietin production via suppressing caspase-1 signaling in mast cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111835. [PMID: 34146852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) produced by mast cells is involved in allergic inflammation pathogenesis. Chloroquine (CQ) is known to be an anti-malarial drug; however, additional protective functions of CQ have been discovered. This study aims to clarify an anti-inflammatory effect of CQ through modulating TSLP levels using an in vitro model of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + A23187-activated human mast cell line (HMC-1) and an in vivo model of PMA-irritated ear edema. CQ treatment reduced the production and mRNA expression levels of TSLP in activated HMC-1 cells. CQ down-regulated caspase-1 (CASP1), MAPKs, and NF-κB levels enhanced by stimulation with PMA + A23187. Moreover, ear thickness in ear edema was suppressed following CQ treatment. CQ decreased CASP1 and NF-κB levels in the ear tissue. TSLP levels in the ear tissue and serum were reduced following CQ treatment. Collectively, the above findings elucidate that CQ inhibits the pro-inflammatory mechanisms of TSLP via the down-regulation of distinct intracellular signaling cascade in mast cells. Therefore, CQ may have protective roles against TSLP-mediated inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Miyake K, Shibata S, Yoshikawa S, Karasuyama H. Basophils and their effector molecules in allergic disorders. Allergy 2021; 76:1693-1706. [PMID: 33205439 DOI: 10.1111/all.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Basophils are the rarest granulocytes which represent <1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. Basophils bear several phenotypic similarities to tissue-resident mast cells and therefore had been erroneously considered as blood-circulating mast cells. However, recent researches have revealed that basophils play nonredundant roles in allergic inflammation, protective immunity against parasitic infections and regulation of innate and acquired immunity. Basophils are recruited to inflamed tissues and activated in an IgE-dependent or IgE-independent manner to release a variety of effector molecules. Such molecules, including IL-4, act on various types of cells and play versatile roles, including the induction and termination of allergic inflammation and the regulation of immune responses. Recent development of novel therapeutic agents has enabled us to gain further insights into basophil biology in human disorders. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the field of basophil biology with a particular focus on the role of basophils in allergic inflammation. Further studies on basophils and their effector molecules will help us identify novel therapeutic targets for treating allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Miyake
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory TMDU Advanced Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Sho Shibata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Cell Physiology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory TMDU Advanced Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
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37
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Zhu Y, Peng X, Zhang Y, Lin J, Zhao G. Baicalein Protects Against Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis by Reducing Fungal Load and Inhibiting TSLP-Induced Inflammatory Response. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:26. [PMID: 34038512 PMCID: PMC8164373 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of baicalein on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The noncytotoxic antifungal concentration of baicalein was determined using CCK8, cell scratch assay, minimum inhibitory concentration, biofilm formation, scanning electron microscopy, propidium iodide uptake test and adherence assay in vitro and Draize test in vivo. In fungal keratitis (FK) mouse models, clinical score and plate count were used to evaluate FK severity, and myeloperoxidase assay and immunofluorescence staining were performed to examine neutrophil infiltration and activity. Real-time PCR, ELISA, and Western blot were performed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of baicalein and the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Results Baicalein at 0.25 mM (noncytotoxic) significantly inhibited A. fumigatus growth, biofilm formation, and adhesion in vitro. In A. fumigatus keratitis mice, baicalein mitigated FK severity, reduced fungal load, and inhibited neutrophil infiltration and activity. Baicalein not only suppressed mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, but also inhibited the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and TSLP receptor (TSLPR) in vivo and in vitro. In HCECs, mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly lower in the TSLP siRNA–treated group, while higher in the rTSLP-treated group than in the corresponding control. Baicalein treatment significantly inhibited rTSLP induced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Conclusions Baicalein plays a protective role in mouse A. fumigatus keratitis by inhibiting fungal growth, biofilm formation, and adhesion, and suppressing inflammatory response via downregulation of the TSLP/TSLPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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38
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León B, Ballesteros-Tato A. Modulating Th2 Cell Immunity for the Treatment of Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637948. [PMID: 33643321 PMCID: PMC7902894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that more than 339 million people worldwide suffer from asthma. The leading cause of asthma development is the breakdown of immune tolerance to inhaled allergens, prompting the immune system's aberrant activation. During the early phase, also known as the sensitization phase, allergen-specific T cells are activated and become central players in orchestrating the subsequent development of allergic asthma following secondary exposure to the same allergens. It is well-established that allergen-specific T helper 2 (Th2) cells play central roles in developing allergic asthma. As such, 80% of children and 60% of adult asthma cases are linked to an unwarranted Th2 cell response against respiratory allergens. Thus, targeting essential components of Th2-type inflammation using neutralizing antibodies against key Th2 modulators has recently become an attractive option for asthmatic patients with moderate to severe symptoms. In addition to directly targeting Th2 mediators, allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization, is focused on redirecting the allergen-specific T cells response from a Th2-type profile to a tolerogenic one. This review highlights the current understanding of the heterogeneity of the Th2 cell compartment, their contribution to allergen-induced airway inflammation, and the therapies targeting the Th2 cell pathway in asthma. Further, we discuss available new leads for successful targeting pulmonary Th2 cell responses for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andre Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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39
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Michieletto MF, Henao-Mejia J. Ontogeny and heterogeneity of innate lymphoid cells and the noncoding genome. Immunol Rev 2021; 300:152-166. [PMID: 33559175 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery a decade ago, it has become evident that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play critical roles in protective immune responses against intracellular and extracellular pathogens but are also central regulators of epithelial barrier integrity and tissue homeostasis. ILCs populate almost every tissue in mammalian organisms; therefore, not surprisingly, dysregulation of their functions contributes to the development and progression of multiple inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Our knowledge of the transcriptional programs governing the development, differentiation, and functions of the different groups of ILCs has increased dramatically in the last ten years. However, with the advent of new technologies, an unprecedented level of heterogeneity, plasticity, and developmental complexity has started to be revealed. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of ILC development and their biological functions. In particular, we aim to emphasize how our increasing knowledge of the chromatin landscape and the noncoding genome of these innate lymphocytes is allowing us to better understand their development and functions in different contexts during homeostasis and inflammation. Moreover, we propose that the design of more refined genetic tools to study tissue-specific ILCs and their functions can be accomplished by leveraging our understanding of how specific noncoding elements of the genome regulate gene expression in ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël F Michieletto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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40
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Kiniwa T, Moro K. Localization and site-specific cell-cell interactions of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Int Immunol 2021; 33:251-259. [PMID: 33403383 PMCID: PMC8060991 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are novel lymphocytes discovered in 2010. Unlike T or B cells, ILC2s are activated non-specifically by environmental factors and produce various cytokines, thus playing a role in tissue homeostasis, diseases including allergic diseases, and parasite elimination. ILC2s were first reported as cells abundantly present in fat-associated lymphoid clusters in adipose tissue. However, subsequent studies revealed their presence in various tissues throughout the body, acting as key players in tissue-specific diseases. Recent histologic analyses revealed that ILC2s are concentrated in specific regions in tissues, such as the lamina propria and perivascular regions, with their function being controlled by the surrounding cells, such as epithelial cells and other immune cells, via cytokine and lipid production or by cell–cell interactions through surface molecules. Especially, some stromal cells have been identified as the niche cells for ILC2s, both in the steady state and under inflammatory conditions, through the production of IL-33 or extracellular matrix factors. Additionally, peripheral neurons reportedly co-localize with ILC2s and alter their function directly through neurotransmitters. These findings suggest that the different localizations or different cell–cell interactions might affect the function of ILC2s. Furthermore, generally, ILC2s are thought to be tissue-resident cells; however, they occasionally migrate to other tissues and perform a new role; this supports the importance of the microenvironment for their function. We summarize here the current understanding of how the microenvironment controls ILC2 localization and function with the aim of promoting the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kiniwa
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, IFReC, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
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41
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Armitage JD, Newnes HV, McDonnell A, Bosco A, Waithman J. Fine-Tuning the Tumour Microenvironment: Current Perspectives on the Mechanisms of Tumour Immunosuppression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010056. [PMID: 33401460 PMCID: PMC7823446 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of cancers by harnessing the power of the immune system to eradicate malignant tissue. However, it is well recognised that some cancers are highly resistant to these therapies, which is in part attributed to the immunosuppressive landscape of the tumour microenvironment (TME). The contexture of the TME is highly heterogeneous and contains a complex architecture of immune, stromal, vascular and tumour cells in addition to acellular components such as the extracellular matrix. While understanding the dynamics of the TME has been instrumental in predicting durable responses to immunotherapy and developing new treatment strategies, recent evidence challenges the fundamental paradigms of how tumours can effectively subvert immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss the various immunosuppressive features of the TME and how fine-tuning these mechanisms, rather than ablating them completely, may result in a more comprehensive and balanced anti-tumour response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Armitage
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Hannah V. Newnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Alison McDonnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.D.A.); (H.V.N.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (J.W.)
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42
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Agache I, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Canonica GW, Casale T, Chivato T, Corren J, Chu DK, Del Giacco S, Eiwegger T, Flood B, Firinu D, Gern JE, Hamelmann E, Hanania N, Hernández‐Martín I, Knibb R, Mäkelä M, Nair P, O’Mahony L, Papadopoulos NG, Papi A, Park H, Pérez de Llano L, Pfaar O, Quirce S, Sastre J, Shamji M, Schwarze J, Palomares O, Jutel M. EAACI Biologicals Guidelines-Recommendations for severe asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:14-44. [PMID: 32484954 DOI: 10.1111/all.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma imposes a significant burden on patients, families and healthcare systems. Management is difficult, due to disease heterogeneity, co-morbidities, complexity in care pathways and differences between national or regional healthcare systems. Better understanding of the mechanisms has enabled a stratified approach to the management of severe asthma, supporting the use of targeted treatments with biologicals. However, there are still many issues that require further clarification. These include selection of a certain biological (as they all target overlapping disease phenotypes), the definition of response, strategies to enhance the responder rate, the duration of treatment and its regimen (in the clinic or home-based) and its cost-effectiveness. The EAACI Guidelines on the use of biologicals in severe asthma follow the GRADE approach in formulating recommendations for each biological and each outcome. In addition, a management algorithm for the use of biologicals in the clinic is proposed, together with future approaches and research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University Brasov Romania
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine‐Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS Rozzano Italy
| | - Thomas Casale
- Division of Allergy and Immunology University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa FL USA
| | - Tomas Chivato
- School of Medicine University CEU San Pablo Madrid Spain
| | | | - Derek K. Chu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Division of Immunology and Allergy, and Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Departments of Paediatrics and Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Breda Flood
- European Federation of Allergy and Airway Diseases Brussels Belgium
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Children’s Center Bethel Evangelical Hospital Bethel University of Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany
| | - Nicola Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | | | - Rebeca Knibb
- Department of Psychology School of Life and Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham UK
| | - Mika Mäkelä
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Division of Respirology Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Liam O’Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic National Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Alberto Papi
- Research Center on Asthma and COPD Department of Medical Sciences University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Hae‐Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Ajou University Ajou Korea
| | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital Marburg Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Mohamed Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair, Development National Heart and Lung Institute London UK
- Imperial College NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Jurgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Child Life and Health The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Chemistry School Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- All‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
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43
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Han X, Krempski JW, Nadeau K. Advances and novel developments in mechanisms of allergic inflammation. Allergy 2020; 75:3100-3111. [PMID: 33068299 DOI: 10.1111/all.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, research in the molecular and cellular underpinnings of basic and clinical immunology has significantly advanced our understanding of allergic disorders, allowing scientists and clinicians to diagnose and treat disorders such as asthma, allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, and food allergy. In this review, we discuss several significant recent developments in basic and clinical research as well as important future research directions in allergic inflammation. Certain key regulatory cytokines, genes and molecules have recently been shown to play key roles in allergic disorders. For example, interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays an important role in refractory disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergy, mainly by inducing T helper (Th) 2 immune responses and clinical trials with IL-33 inhibitors are underway in food allergy. We discuss interleukin 4 receptor pathways, which recently have been shown to play a critical role among the allergic inflammatory pathways that drive allergic disorders and pathogenesis. Further, the cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has recently been shown as a factor in maintaining immune homeostasis and regulating type 2 inflammatory responses at mucosal barriers in allergic inflammation and targeting TSLP-mediated signalling is considered an attractive therapeutic strategy. In addition, new findings establish an important T cell-intrinsic role of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) proteolytic activity in the suppression of autoimmune responses. We have seen how mutations in the filaggrin gene are a significant risk factor for allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, contact allergy, and hand eczema. We are only beginning to understand the mechanisms by which the human microbiota may be regulating the immune system, and how sudden changes in the composition of the microbiota may have profound effects, linked with an increased risk of developing chronic inflammatory disorders, including allergies. New research has shown the important but complex role monocytes play in disorders such as food allergies. Finally, we discuss some of the new directions of research in this area, particularly the important use of biologicals in oral immunotherapy, advances in gene therapy, multifood therapy, novel diagnostics in diagnosing allergic disorders and the central role that omics play in creating molecular signatures and biomarkers of allergic disorders such as food allergy. Such exciting new developments and advances have significantly moved forth our ability to understand the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Han
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - James W. Krempski
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA
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44
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Obata-Ninomiya K, Domeier PP, Ziegler SF. Basophils and Eosinophils in Nematode Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583824. [PMID: 33335529 PMCID: PMC7737499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths remain one of the most prolific pathogens in the world. Following infection helminths interact with various epithelial cell surfaces, including skin, lung, and gut. Recent works have shown that epithelial cells produce a series of cytokines such as TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 that lead to the induction of innate and acquired type 2 immune responses, which we named Type 2 epithelial cytokines. Although basophils and eosinophils are relatively rare granulocytes under normal conditions (0.5% and 5% in peripheral blood, respectively), both are found with increased frequency in type 2 immunity, including allergy and helminth infections. Recent reports showed that basophils and eosinophils not only express effector functions in type 2 immune reactions, but also manipulate the response toward helminths. Furthermore, basophils and eosinophils play non-redundant roles in distinct responses against various nematodes, providing the potential to intervene at different stages of nematode infection. These findings would be helpful to establish vaccination or therapeutic drugs against nematode infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip P Domeier
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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45
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Wu J, Liu Y, Hu J, Xie J, Nie Z, Yin W. Protective activity of asatone against ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:2487-2494. [PMID: 33165354 PMCID: PMC7642709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Clinically, the treatments against asthma focus on controlling the symptoms rather than inhibiting recurrence radically. Additionally, local and systemic side effects caused by current treatments are worthy of attention. Therefore, a novel therapeutic strategy against asthma is needed. Asatone is a pharmacologically active component from Radix et Rhizoma Asari, which has anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. In the present study, we showed that asatone could protect mice against OVA-induced asthma, as manifested by attenuating inflammation infiltration, mucus production, and airway hyperreactivity and suppressing the elevation of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Overall, results of the present study support use of asatone as a potent therapeutic strategy for clinical treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Zuqiong Nie
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Wanling Yin
- Department of Gerontology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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46
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Lamiable O, Mayer JU, Munoz-Erazo L, Ronchese F. Dendritic cells in Th2 immune responses and allergic sensitization. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:807-818. [PMID: 32738152 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Allergic responses are characterized by the activation of a specific subset of effector CD4+ T cells, the T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells, that respond to harmless environmental antigens causing inflammation and pathology. Th2 cells are also found in the context of parasite infections, where they can mediate parasite clearance and expulsion, and support tissue repair. The process that leads to the activation of Th2 cells in vivo is incompletely understood: while it has become clear that "conventional" dendritic cells are essential antigen-presenting cells for the initiation of Th2 immune responses, the molecules that are expressed by dendritic cells exposed to allergens, and the mediators that are produced as a consequence and signal to naïve CD4+ T cells to promote their development into effector Th2, remain to be defined. Here we summarize recent developments in the identification of the dendritic cell subsets involved in Th2 responses, review potential mechanisms proposed to explain the generation of these immune responses, and discuss the direct and indirect signals that condition dendritic cells to drive the development of Th2 responses during allergen or parasite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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TSLP as druggable target - a silver-lining for atopic diseases? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 217:107648. [PMID: 32758645 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic diseases refer to common allergic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and allergic asthma (AA). AD often develops in early childhood and may herald the onset of other allergic disorders such as food allergy (FA), AR, and AA. This progression of the disease is also known as the atopic march, and it goes hand in hand with a significantly impaired quality of life as well as a significant economic burden. Atopic diseases usually are considered as T helper type 2 (Th2) cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelium-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine, activates distinct immune and non-immune cells. It has been shown to be a master regulator of type 2 immune responses and atopic diseases. In experimental settings, the inhibition or knockout of TSLP signaling has shown great therapeutic potential. This, in conjunction with the increasing knowledge about the central role of TSLP in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases, has sparked an interest in TSLP as a druggable target. In this review, we will discuss the autocrine and paracrine effects of TSLP, how it regulates the tissue microenvironment and drives atopic diseases, which provide the rationale for the increasing interest in TSLP as a druggable target.
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Hilligan KL, Ronchese F. Antigen presentation by dendritic cells and their instruction of CD4+ T helper cell responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:587-599. [PMID: 32433540 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are powerful antigen-presenting cells that are essential for the priming of T cell responses. In addition to providing T-cell-receptor ligands and co-stimulatory molecules for naive T cell activation and expansion, dendritic cells are thought to also provide signals for the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into effector T cell populations. The mechanisms by which dendritic cells are able to adapt and respond to the great variety of infectious stimuli they are confronted with, and prime an appropriate CD4+ T cell response, are only partly understood. It is known that in the steady-state dendritic cells are highly heterogenous both in phenotype and transcriptional profile, and that this variability is dependent on developmental lineage, maturation stage, and the tissue environment in which dendritic cells are located. Exposure to infectious agents interfaces with this pre-existing heterogeneity by providing ligands for pattern-recognition and toll-like receptors that are variably expressed on different dendritic cell subsets, and elicit production of cytokines and chemokines to support innate cell activation and drive T cell differentiation. Here we review current information on dendritic cell biology, their heterogeneity, and the properties of different dendritic cell subsets. We then consider the signals required for the development of different types of Th immune responses, and the cellular and molecular evidence implicating different subsets of dendritic cells in providing such signals. We outline how dendritic cell subsets tailor their response according to the infectious agent, and how such transcriptional plasticity enables them to drive different types of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hilligan
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
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