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Pantazaka E, Alkahtani S, Alarifi S, Alkahtane AA, Stournaras C, Kallergi G. Role of KDM2B epigenetic factor in regulating calcium signaling in prostate cancer cells. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102109. [PMID: 38817821 PMCID: PMC11135025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
KDM2B, a histone lysine demethylase, is expressed in a plethora of cancers. Earlier studies from our group, have showcased that overexpression of KDM2B in the human prostate cancer cell line DU-145 is associated with cell adhesion, actin reorganization, and improved cancer cell migration. In addition, we have previously examined changes of cytosolic Ca2+, regulated by the pore-forming proteins ORAI and the Ca2+ sensing stromal interaction molecules (STIM), via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in wild-type DU-145. This study sought to evaluate the impact of KDM2B overexpression on the expression of key molecules (SGK1, Nhe1, Orai1, Stim1) and SOCE. Furthermore, this is the first study to evaluate KDM2B expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with prostate cancer. mRNA levels for SGK1, Nhe1, Orai1, and Stim1 were quantified by RT-PCR. Calcium signals were measured in KDM2B-overexpressing DU-145 cells, loaded with Fura-2. Blood samples from 22 prostate cancer cases were scrutinized for KDM2B expression using immunofluorescence staining and the VyCAP system. KDM2B overexpression in DU-145 cells increased Orai1, Stim1, and Nhe1 mRNA levels and significantly decreased Ca2+ release. KDM2B expression was examined in 22 prostate cancer patients. CTCs were identified in 45 % of these patients. 80 % of the cytokeratin (CK)-positive patients and 63 % of the total examined CTCs exhibited the (CK + KDM2B + CD45-) phenotype. To conclude, this study is the first to report increased expression of KDM2B in CTCs from patients with prostate cancer, bridging in vitro and preclinical assessments on the potentially crucial role of KDM2B on migration, invasiveness, and ultimately metastasis in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Pantazaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry/Metastatic Signaling, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alkahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Galatea Kallergi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry/Metastatic Signaling, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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2
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Pipiya VV, Gilazieva ZE, Issa SS, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Comparison of primary and passaged tumor cell cultures and their application in personalized medicine. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:581-599. [PMID: 38966179 PMCID: PMC11220317 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Passaged cell lines represent currently an integral component in various studies of malignant neoplasms. These cell lines are utilized for drug screening both in monolayer cultures or as part of three-dimensional (3D) tumor models. They can also be used to model the tumor microenvironment in vitro and in vivo through xenotransplantation into immunocompromised animals. However, immortalized cell lines have some limitations of their own. The homogeneity of cell line populations and the extensive passaging in monolayer systems make these models distant from the original disease. Recently, there has been a growing interest among scientists in the use of primary cell lines, as these are passaged directly from human tumor tissues. In this case, cells retain the morphological and functional characteristics of the tissue from which they were derived, an advantage often not observed in passaged cultures. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of passaged and primary cell cultures, their similarities and differences, as well as existing test systems that are based on primary and passaged cell cultures for drug screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava V. Pipiya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Zarema E. Gilazieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Shaza S. Issa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Fang Z, Huang T, Chai X, Zhan J, Zhu Q, Sun P, Zeng D, Liu C, Jiang B, He L, Zhou X, Liu M, Zhang X. Protein methylation characterization using NMR without isotopic labeling. Talanta 2024; 268:125289. [PMID: 37862753 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein methylation is crucial in epigenetics, and targeting the involved methyltransferases shows great potential for therapeutic intervention with several inhibitors in clinical trials for oncology indications. Therefore, characterization of protein methylation is essential for understanding the methyltransferase function and discovering chemical inhibitors and antagonists. While NMR has been used to measure methylation rates, isotopic labeling of protein or methyl donors can be costly and cannot characterize demethylation of proteins extracted from natural sources. Our method employs a four-quantum filter 1H-13C experiment that selectively detects methyl groups, providing a simple way to characterize methylation and demethylation features of methyltransferases and demethylases, respectively, without requiring isotopic labeling. In our experiments, we successfully observed the methylation of H3 under lysate from various cells and tissues of mice with cancerous growth. The results revealed that H3 undergoes both mono- and dimethylation in all the tested lysates, but at varying rates and degrees. Significantly lower H3 methylation rates and levels were observed in both cervical tumor and breast tumor lysates compared with the corresponding cancerous cells and healthy cells lysates. These findings highlight the variability of histone H3 methylation patterns among healthy cells, cancerous cells, tumor tissues, and different tumor types, and suggest that this method has great potential in facilitating the development of effective interventions against these diseases. By characterizing the methylation features of suspected tumors or areas of concern, it provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of cancer development and aids in identifying potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qinjun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Philips Healthcare, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Danyun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lichun He
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China; Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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4
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Mao Z, Wang B, Zhang T, Cui B. The roles of m6A methylation in cervical cancer: functions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical applications. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:734. [PMID: 37951987 PMCID: PMC10640579 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a gynecological neoplasm with the highest incidence rate, primarily attributed to the persistent infection of high-risk Human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of CC remains unclear. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, the most prevalent form of epigenetic modification in RNA, is intricately linked to cell proliferation, metastasis, metabolism, and therapeutic resistance within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of CC. The involvement of the writer, reader, and eraser in m6A modification impacts the advancement of tumors through the regulation of RNA stability, nuclear export, translation efficiency, and RNA degradation. Here, we discuss the biogenesis of m6A, the atypical expressions of m6A regulators, the mechanisms of molecular interactions, and their functions in CC. Furthermore, we elucidate m6A modification of non-coding RNA. In the context of precision medicine, and with the advancements of genomics, proteomics, and high-throughput sequencing technologies, we summarize the application of m6A in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CC. Additionally, new perspectives on detection methods, immune regulation, and nano-drug development are presented, which lay the foundation for further research of m6A and provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Mao
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Baoxia Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan City, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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5
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Motoi T, Hirata M, Kukita Y, Satomi K, Tamura H, Adachi S, Matsushita Y, Horiguchi SI, Hishima T, Ikegami M, Okuma T, Tao K, Arakawa A, Ogawa C, Matsuda K, Ichimura K, Nakamura H, Mori T, Yoshida A. KDM2B-Rearranged Soft Tissue Sarcomas Expand the Concept of BCOR-Associated Sarcoma. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100317. [PMID: 37634866 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas with BCOR genetic alterations (BCOR-associated sarcomas) represent a recently recognized family of soft tissue and bone tumors characterized by BCOR fusion, BCOR internal tandem duplication, or YWHAE::NUTM2B fusion. Histologically, the tumors demonstrate oval to spindle cell proliferation in a variably vascular stroma and overexpression of BCOR and SATB2. Herein, we describe 3 soft tissue sarcomas with KDM2B fusions that phenotypically and epigenetically match BCOR-associated sarcomas. The cases included 1 infant, 1 adolescent, and 1 older patient. All tumors showed histologic findings indistinguishable from those of BCOR-associated sarcomas and were originally diagnosed as such based on the phenotype. However, none of the tumors had BCOR or YWHAE genetic alterations. Instead, targeted RNA sequencing identified in-frame KDM2B::NUTM2B, KDM2B::CREBBP, and KDM2B::DUX4 fusions. KDM2B fusions were validated using reverse-transcription PCR, Sanger sequencing, and in situ hybridization assays. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis matched all 3 tumors with BCOR-associated sarcomas using the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) classifier and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis. One localized tumor showed a flat genome-wide copy number profile, and the patient remained disease-free after treatment. The other tumors showed multiple copy number alterations, including MDM2/CDK4 amplification and/or CDKN2A/B loss, and both tumors metastasized, leading to the patient's death in one of the cases. When tested using KDM2B immunohistochemistry, all 3 KDM2B-rearranged sarcomas showed diffuse strong staining, and all 13 sarcomas with BCOR genetic alterations also demonstrated diffuse, strong, or weak staining. By contrast, among 72 mimicking tumors, only a subset of synovial sarcomas showed focal or diffuse weak KDM2B expression. In conclusion, our study suggests that KDM2B-rearranged soft tissue sarcomas belong to the BCOR-associated sarcoma family and expand its molecular spectrum. This may be related to the known molecular relationship between KDM2B and BCOR in the polycomb repressive complex 1.1. Immunohistochemical analysis of KDM2B is a potentially valuable diagnostic tool for BCOR-associated sarcomas, including those with KDM2B rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Motoi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Kukita
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaishi Satomi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tamura
- Department of Pathology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Adachi
- Department of Pathology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsushita
- Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Horiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masachika Ikegami
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomotake Okuma
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Arakawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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6
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Dong S, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Role of extracellular vesicle in human papillomavirus-associated cervical cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16203-16212. [PMID: 37668793 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a gynecological malignant tumor and a serious threat to women's health. Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the occurrence of cervical cancer are known to be closely related, the underlying carcinogenic mechanism of HPV is not fully understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are found in a variety of body fluids and play an important role in both intercellular communication and cancer progression. Furthermore, the presence of EVs makes liquid biopsy of cervical cancer possible. The study of EVs in cervical cancer can provide clinical ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to summarizes the role of EV contents in HPV-associated cervical cancer and discusses the possible clinical application of EVs in cervical cancer treatment. METHODS The search terms included the following: HPV with cervical cancer and extracellular vesicles. The initial literature search ended on March 1, 2023. CONCLUSIONS In HPV-positive cervical cancer, EV contents are changed due to the presence of HPV. HPV-positive cervical cancer affects the cell microenvironment and other surrounding cells through the secretion of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China.
| | - Yankui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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7
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Rao A, Ni Z, Suresh D, Mohanty C, Wang AR, Lee DL, Nickel KP, Varambally SRJ, Lambert PF, Kendziorski C, Iyer G. Targeted inhibition of BET proteins in HPV-16 associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals heterogeneous transcription response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560587. [PMID: 37873389 PMCID: PMC10592929 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Integrated human papillomavirus (HPV-16) associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors have worse survival outcomes compared to episomal HPV-16 HNSCC tumors. Therefore, there is a need to differentiate treatment for HPV-16 integrated HNSCC from other viral forms. We analyzed TCGA data and found that HPV+ HNSCC expressed higher transcript levels of the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family of transcriptional coregulators. However, the mechanism of BET protein-mediated transcription of viral-cellular genes in the integrated viral-HNSCC genomes needs to be better understood. We show that BET inhibition downregulates E6 significantly independent of the viral transcription factor, E2, and there was overall heterogeneity in the downregulation of viral transcription in response to the effects of BET inhibition across HPV-associated cell lines. Chemical BET inhibition was phenocopied with the knockdown of BRD4 and mirrored downregulation of viral E6 and E7 expression. Strikingly, there was heterogeneity in the reactivation of p53 levels despite E6 downregulation, while E7 downregulation did not alter Rb levels significantly. We identified that BET inhibition directly downregulated c-Myc and E2F expression and induced CDKN1A expression. Overall, our studies show that BET inhibition provokes a G1-cell cycle arrest with apoptotic activity and suggests that BET inhibition regulates both viral and cellular gene expression in HPV-associated HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakarsha Rao
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zijian Ni
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Dhruthi Suresh
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Chitrasen Mohanty
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Albert R. Wang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Denis L Lee
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 53705, WI, USA
| | - Kwangok P. Nickel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sooryanarayana Randall J. Varambally
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 53705, WI, USA
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Gopal Iyer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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8
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Ling K, Dou Y, Yang N, Deng L, Wang Y, Li Y, Yang L, Chen C, Jiang L, Deng Q, Li C, Liang Z, Zhang J. Genome editing mRNA nanotherapies inhibit cervical cancer progression and regulate the immunosuppressive microenvironment for adoptive T-cell therapy. J Control Release 2023; 360:496-513. [PMID: 37423524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing is promising for therapy of cervical cancer by precisely targeting human papillomavirus (HPV). To develop CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing nanotherapies, a pH-responsive hybrid nonviral nanovector was constructed for co-delivering Cas9 mRNA and guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting E6 or E7 oncogenes. The pH-responsive nanovector was fabricated using an acetalated cyclic oligosaccharide (ACD), in combination with low molecular weight polyethyleneimine. Thus obtained hybrid ACD nanoparticles (defined as ACD NP) showed efficient loading for both Cas9 mRNA and E6 or E7 gRNA, giving rise to two pH-responsive genome editing nanotherapies E6/ACD NP and E7/ACD NP, respectively. Cellularly, ACD NP exhibited high transfection but low cytotoxicity in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. Also, efficient genome editing of target genes was achieved in HeLa cells, with minimal off-target effects. In mice bearing HeLa xenografts, treatment with E6/ACD NP or E7/ACD NP afforded effective editing of target oncogenes and considerable antitumor activities. More importantly, treatment with E6/ACD NP or E7/ACD NP notably promoted CD8+ T cell survival by reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby leading to synergistic antitumor effects by combination therapy using the gene editing nanotherapies and adoptive T-cell transfer. Consequently, our pH-responsive genome editing nanotherapies deserve further development for the treatment of HPV-associated cervical cancer, and they can also serve as promising nanotherapies to improve efficacies of other immune therapies against different advanced cancers by regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yin Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Neng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yudi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Leiyan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qingchun Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhiqing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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Yapindi L, Bowley T, Kurtaneck N, Bergeson RL, James K, Wilbourne J, Harrod CK, Hernandez BY, Emerling BM, Yates C, Harrod R. Activation of p53-regulated pro-survival signals and hypoxia-independent mitochondrial targeting of TIGAR by human papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins. Virology 2023; 585:1-20. [PMID: 37257253 PMCID: PMC10527176 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The high-risk subtype human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) infect and oncogenically transform basal epidermal stem cells associated with the development of squamous-cell epithelial cancers. The viral E6 oncoprotein destabilizes the p53 tumor suppressor, inhibits p53 K120-acetylation by the Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60, or Kat5), and prevents p53-dependent apoptosis. Intriguingly, the p53 gene is infrequently mutated in HPV + cervical cancer clinical isolates which suggests a possible paradoxical role for this gatekeeper in viral carcinogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that E6 activates the TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and protects cells against oncogene-induced oxidative genotoxicity. The E6 oncoprotein induces a Warburg-like stress response and activates PI3K/PI5P4K/AKT-signaling that phosphorylates the TIGAR on serine residues and induces its hypoxia-independent mitochondrial targeting in hrHPV-transformed cells. Primary HPV + cervical cancer tissues contain high levels of TIGAR, p53, and c-Myc and our xenograft studies have further shown that lentiviral-siRNA-knockdown of TIGAR expression inhibits hrHPV-induced tumorigenesis in vivo. These findings suggest the modulation of p53 pro-survival signals and the antioxidant functions of TIGAR could have key ancillary roles during HPV carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacin Yapindi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Tetiana Bowley
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Nick Kurtaneck
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Rachel L Bergeson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Kylie James
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Jillian Wilbourne
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Carolyn K Harrod
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States
| | - Brenda Y Hernandez
- Hawaii Tumor Registry, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States
| | | | - Courtney Yates
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, United States
| | - Robert Harrod
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0376, United States.
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10
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Nie G, Tang B, Lv M, Li D, Li T, Ou R, Xu Y, Wen J. HPV E6 promotes cell proliferation of cervical cancer cell by accelerating accumulation of RBM15 dependently of autophagy inhibition. Cell Biol Int 2023. [PMID: 37191290 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of m6A modification in HPV-related cervical cancer remains unclear. This study explored the role of methyltransferase components in HPV-related cervical cancer and the mechanism. The levels of methyltransferase components and autophagy, ubiquitylation of RBM15 protein and the co-localization of lysosomal markers LAMP2A and RBM15 were measured. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, clone formation experiment and immunofluorescence assay were conducted to measure cell proliferation. The mouse tumor model was developed to study the cell growth in vivo. The binding of RBM15 to c-myc mRNA and m6A modifcation of c-myc mRNA were analyzed. The expressions of METTL3, RBM15 and WTAP were higher in HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines than those in HPV-negative cells, especially RBM15. HPV-E6 knock-down inhibited the expression of RBM15 protein and promoted its degradation, but couldn't change its mRNA level. Autophagy inhibitor and proteasome inhibitor could reverse those effects. HPV-E6 siRNA could not enhance ubiquitylation modification of RBM15, but could enhance autophagy and the co-localization of RBM15 and LAMP2A. RBM15 overexpression could enhance cell proliferation, block the inhibitory effects of HPV-E6 siRNA on cell growth, and these effects could be reserved by cycloeucine. RBM15 could bind to c-myc mRNA, resulting in an increase to m6A level and protein expression of c-myc, which could be blocked by cycloeucine. HPV-E6 can downregulate autophagy, inhibit the degradation of RBM15 protein, induce the accumulation of intracellular RBM15, and increase the m6A modification on c-myc mRNA, resulting in an increase of c-myc protein and a growth promotion for cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Nie
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Mingfen Lv
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Li
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rongying Ou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wen
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
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11
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Guo D, Yang M, Li S, Zhu W, Chen M, Pan J, Long D, Liu Z, Zhang C. Expression and molecular regulation of non-coding RNAs in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1122982. [PMID: 37064141 PMCID: PMC10090466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent malignancy worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that persistent HPV infection is closely related to a subset of HNSCC types, and the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive HNSCC has been annually increasing in recent decades. Although the carcinogenesis of HPV-positive HNSCC has not been completely elucidated, it has been well confirmed that E6 and E7, the main viral oncoproteins are responsible for the maintenance of malignant transformation, promotion of cell proliferation, and increase in tumor invasion. Moreover, compared with HPV-negative HNSCC, HPV-positive HNSCC shows some special clinical-pathological features, which are possibly related to HPV infection and their specific regulatory mechanisms. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a class of RNA lacking the protein-coding function and playing a critical regulatory role via multiple complex molecular mechanisms. NcRNA is an important regulatory pattern of epigenetic modification, which can exert significant effects on HPV-induced tumorigenesis and progression by deregulating downstream genes. However, the knowledge of ncRNAs is still limited, hence, a better understanding of ncRNAs could provide some insights for exploring the carcinogenesis mechanism and identifying valuable biomarkers in HPV-positive HNSCC. Therefore, in this review, we mainly focused on the expression profile of ncRNAs (including lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA) and explored their regulatory role in HPV-positive HNSCC, aiming to clarify the regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs and identify valuable biomarkers for HPV-positive HNSCC.
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12
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Yu L, Liang X, Wang J, Ding G, Tang J, Xue J, He X, Ge J, Jin X, Yang Z, Li X, Yao H, Yin H, Liu W, Yin S, Sun B, Sheng J. Identification of Key Biomarkers and Candidate Molecules in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Genet Res (Camb) 2023; 2023:6782732. [PMID: 36688087 PMCID: PMC9831708 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6782732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor of the lung cancer, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we identified novel biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of NSCLC aiming to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for NSCLC by bioinformatics analysis. Methods From the Gene Expression Omnibus database, GSE118370 and GSE10072 microarray datasets were obtained. Identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma and normal samples was done. By using bioinformatics tools, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, modules were analyzed, and enrichment analyses were performed. The expression and prognostic values of 14 hub genes were validated by the GEPIA database, and the correlation between hub genes and survival in lung adenocarcinoma was assessed by UALCAN, cBioPortal, String and Cytoscape, and Timer tools. Results We found three genes (PIK3R1, SPP1, and PECAM1) that have a clear correlation with OS in the lung adenocarcinoma patient. It has been found that lung adenocarcinoma exhibits high expression of SPP1 and that this has been associated with poor prognosis, while low expression of PECAM1 and PIK3R1 is associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). We also found that the expression of SPP1 was associated with miR-146a-5p, while the high expression of miR-146a-5p was related to good prognosis (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the lower miR-21-5p on upstream of PIK3R1 is associated with a higher surviving rate in cancer patients (P < 0.05). Finally, we found that the immune checkpoint genes CD274(PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2(PD-1) were also related to SPP1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions The results indicated that SPP1 is a cancer promoter (oncogene), while PECAM1 and PIK3R1 are cancer suppressor genes. These genes take part in the regulation of biological activities in lung adenocarcinoma, which provides a basis for improving detection and immunotherapeutic targets for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuemei Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Guangxiang Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Juan Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingxuan Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xianzhang Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hehuan Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hongtao Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shengchen Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Junxiu Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Kumar A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Das SK. Targeting epigenetic regulation for cancer therapy using small molecule inhibitors. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:73-161. [PMID: 36990539 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display pervasive changes in DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of histone posttranslational modification, chromatin composition or organization and regulatory element activities that alter normal programs of gene expression. It is becoming increasingly clear that disturbances in the epigenome are hallmarks of cancer, which are targetable and represent attractive starting points for drug creation. Remarkable progress has been made in the past decades in discovering and developing epigenetic-based small molecule inhibitors. Recently, epigenetic-targeted agents in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have been identified and these agents are either in current clinical trials or approved for treatment. However, epigenetic drug applications face many challenges, including low selectivity, poor bioavailability, instability and acquired drug resistance. New multidisciplinary approaches are being designed to overcome these limitations, e.g., applications of machine learning, drug repurposing, high throughput virtual screening technologies, to identify selective compounds with improved stability and better bioavailability. We provide an overview of the key proteins that mediate epigenetic regulation that encompass histone and DNA modifications and discuss effector proteins that affect the organization of chromatin structure and function as well as presently available inhibitors as potential drugs. Current anticancer small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic modified enzymes that have been approved by therapeutic regulatory authorities across the world are highlighted. Many of these are in different stages of clinical evaluation. We also assess emerging strategies for combinatorial approaches of epigenetic drugs with immunotherapy, standard chemotherapy or other classes of agents and advances in the design of novel epigenetic therapies.
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Thakur A, Kumar M. AntiVIRmiR: A repository of host antiviral miRNAs and their expression along with experimentally validated viral miRNAs and their targets. Front Genet 2022; 13:971852. [PMID: 36159991 PMCID: PMC9493126 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.971852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs play an essential role in promoting viral infections as well as modulating the antiviral defense. Several miRNA repositories have been developed for different species, e.g., human, mouse, and plant. However, ‘VIRmiRNA’ is the only existing resource for experimentally validated viral miRNAs and their targets. We have developed a ‘AntiVIRmiR’ resource encompassing data on host/virus miRNA expression during viral infection. This resource with 22,741 entries is divided into four sub-databases viz., ‘DEmiRVIR’, ‘AntiVmiR’, ‘VIRmiRNA2’ and ‘VIRmiRTar2’. ‘DEmiRVIR’ has 10,033 differentially expressed host-viral miRNAs for 21 viruses. ‘AntiVmiR’ incorporates 1,642 entries for host miRNAs showing antiviral activity for 34 viruses. Additionally, ‘VIRmiRNA2’ includes 3,340 entries for experimentally validated viral miRNAs from 50 viruses along with 650 viral isomeric sequences for 14 viruses. Further, ‘VIRmiRTar2’ has 7,726 experimentally validated targets for viral miRNAs against 21 viruses. Furthermore, we have also performed network analysis for three sub-databases. Interactions between up/down-regulated human miRNAs and viruses are displayed for ‘AntiVmiR’ as well as ‘DEmiRVIR’. Moreover, ‘VIRmiRTar2’ interactions are shown among different viruses, miRNAs, and their targets. We have provided browse, search, external hyperlinks, data statistics, and useful analysis tools. The database available at https://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/manojk/antivirmir would be beneficial for understanding the host-virus interactions as well as viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Thakur
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- *Correspondence: Manoj Kumar,
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Hussen BM, Shaterabadi D, Abak A, Shoorei H, Taheri M, Rakhshan A. The Interaction Between Human Papilloma Viruses Related Cancers and Non-coding RNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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High Risk-Human Papillomavirus in HNSCC: Present and Future Challenges for Epigenetic Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073483. [PMID: 35408843 PMCID: PMC8998945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by an incidence of 650,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths per year worldwide and a male to female ratio of 3:1. The main risk factors are alcohol and tobacco consumption and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections. HNSCC cases are divided into two subgroups, the HPV-negative (HPV−) and the HPV-positive (HPV+) which have different clinicopathological and molecular profiles. However, patients are still treated with the same therapeutic regimens. It is thus of utmost importance to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences to find new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets towards personalized therapies. Epigenetic alterations are a hallmark of cancer and can be exploited as both promising biomarkers and potential new targets. E6 and E7 HPV oncoviral proteins besides targeting p53 and pRb, impair the expression and the activity of several epigenetic regulators. While alterations in DNA methylation patterns have been well described in HPV+ and HPV− HNSCC, accurate histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) characterization is still missing. Herein, we aim to provide an updated overview on the impact of HPV on the hPTMs landscape in HNSCC. Moreover, we will also discuss the sex and gender bias in HNSCC and how the epigenetic machinery could be involved in this process, and the importance of taking into account sex and/or gender also in this field.
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17
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The Emerging Significance of Histone Lysine Demethylases as Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Cancers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061023. [PMID: 35326475 PMCID: PMC8946939 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic aberrations, associated with altered DNA methylation profiles and global changes in the level of histone modifications, are commonly detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Recently, histone lysine demethylases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and emerged as potential molecular targets. Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) catalyze the removal of methyl groups from lysine residues in histones. By affecting the methylation of H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, or H3K36, these enzymes take part in transcriptional regulation, which may result in changes in the level of expression of tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes. KDMs are involved in many biological processes, including cell cycle control, senescence, DNA damage response, and heterochromatin formation. They are also important regulators of pluripotency. The overexpression of most KDMs has been observed in HNSCC, and their inhibition affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell motility, invasiveness, and stemness. Of all KDMs, KDM1, KDM4, KDM5, and KDM6 proteins are currently regarded as the most promising prognostic and therapeutic targets in head and neck cancers. The aim of this review is to present up-to-date knowledge on the significance of histone lysine demethylases in head and neck carcinogenesis and to discuss the possibility of using them as prognostic markers and pharmacological targets in patients’ treatment.
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18
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Zhong Y, Wei J, Song W, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Liu H, Chen X, Huang X, Zeng K. Identification of novel biomarkers and key pathways of condyloma acuminata. Genomics 2022; 114:110303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Epi-miRNAs: Regulators of the Histone Modification Machinery in Human Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4889807. [PMID: 35087589 PMCID: PMC8789461 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4889807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Epigenetic deregulation is one of the most critical mechanisms in carcinogenesis and can be classified into effects on DNA methylation and histone modification. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs involved in fine-tuning their target genes after transcription. Various microRNAs control the expression of histone modifiers and are involved in a variety of cancers. Therefore, overexpression or downregulation of microRNAs can alter cell fate and cause malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of microRNAs in regulating the histone modification machinery in various cancers, with a focus on the histone-modifying enzymes such as acetylases, deacetylases, methyltransferases, demethylases, kinases, phosphatases, desumoylases, ubiquitinases, and deubiquitinases. Understanding of microRNA-related aberrations underlying histone modifiers in pathogenesis of different cancers can help identify novel therapeutic targets or early detection approaches that allow better management of patients or monitoring of treatment response.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-risk HPV infections are related to several epithelial cancers. Despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines, HPV infections are still responsible for about 5% of all human malignancies worldwide. While therapeutic vaccines are ongoing clinical trials, genotoxic agents and surgical interventions represent current clinical treatments, with no specific anti-HPV drugs yet available in the clinics. AREAS COVERED We offer a comprehensive report of small molecules in preclinical studies proposed as potential anticancer agents against HPV-driven tumors. Given the importance of HPV oncoproteins for cancer maintenance, particularly E6 and E7, we present a classification of both non-targeted and targeted agents, with a further subdivision of the latter into two categories according to their either direct or indirect activity against viral protein functions. EXPERT OPINION Prophylactic vaccines can prevent the insurgence of HPV-related cancers, but have no effect against pre-existing infections. Moreover, their high cost, genotype-restricted effect and the growing worldwide distrust for vaccines make the availability of a specific drug an unmet medical need. Different viral early proteins emerge as ideal candidates for drug development. We highlight the most promising strategies and address future challenges in this field to herald the prospect of a specific therapeutic regimen against HPV-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Messa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy.,Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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Tomaszewska W, Kozłowska-Masłoń J, Baranowski D, Perkowska A, Szałkowska S, Kazimierczak U, Severino P, Lamperska K, Kolenda T. miR-154 Influences HNSCC Development and Progression through Regulation of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Process and Could Be Used as a Potential Biomarker. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121894. [PMID: 34944712 PMCID: PMC8698850 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs and their role in cancer have been extensively studied for the past decade. Here, we analyzed the biological role and diagnostic potential of miR-154-5p and miR-154-3p in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). miRNA expression analyses were performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data accessed from cBioPortal, UALCAN, Santa Cruz University, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The expression data were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. The functional enrichment was assessed with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The immunological profiles were assessed using the ESTIMATE tool and RNAseq data from TCGA. All statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism and Statistica. The study showed that both miR-154-5p and miR-154-3p were downregulated in the HNSCC samples and their expression levels correlated with tumor localization, overall survival, cancer stage, tumor grade, and HPV p16 status. GSEA indicated that individuals with the increased levels of miR-154 had upregulated AKT-MTOR, CYCLIN D1, KRAS, EIF4E, RB, ATM, and EMT gene sets. Finally, the elevated miR-154 expression correlated with better immune response. This study showed that miR-154 is highly involved in HNSCC pathogenesis, invasion, and immune response. The implementation of miR-154 as a biomarker may improve the effectiveness of HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Tomaszewska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (D.B.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (U.K.)
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Joanna Kozłowska-Masłoń
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.-M.); (K.L.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dawid Baranowski
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (D.B.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (U.K.)
| | - Anna Perkowska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (D.B.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (U.K.)
| | - Sandra Szałkowska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (D.B.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (U.K.)
| | - Urszula Kazimierczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (D.B.); (A.P.); (S.S.); (U.K.)
| | - Patricia Severino
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627-Jardim Leonor, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.-M.); (K.L.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.-M.); (K.L.)
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (T.K.)
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Crosstalk between Environmental Inflammatory Stimuli and Non-Coding RNA in Cancer Occurrence and Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174436. [PMID: 34503246 PMCID: PMC8430834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasing evidence has indicated that chronic inflammatory processes have an influence on tumor occurrence and all stages of tumor development. A dramatic increase of studies into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) biology has shown that ncRNAs act as oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors in various inflammation-induced cancers. Thus, this complex network of inflammation-associated cancers and ncRNAs offers targets for prevention from the malignant transformation from inflammation and treatment of malignant diseases. Abstract There is a clear relationship between inflammatory response and different stages of tumor development. Common inflammation-related carcinogens include viruses, bacteria, and environmental mutagens, such as air pollutants, toxic metals, and ultraviolet light. The expression pattern of ncRNA changes in a variety of disease conditions, including inflammation and cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have a causative role in enhancing inflammatory stimulation and evading immune responses, which are particularly important in persistent pathogen infection and inflammation-to-cancer transformation. In this review, we investigated the mechanism of ncRNA expression imbalance in inflammation-related cancers. A better understanding of the function of inflammation-associated ncRNAs may help to reveal the potential of ncRNAs as a new therapeutic strategy.
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Al Bitar S, Ballouz T, Doughan S, Gali-Muhtasib H, Rizk N. Potential role of micro ribonucleic acids in screening for anal cancer in human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus related malignancies. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2021; 12:59-83. [PMID: 34354849 PMCID: PMC8316837 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v12.i4.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in antiretroviral treatment (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major global public health issue owing to the increased mortality rates related to the prevalent oncogenic viruses among people living with HIV (PLWH). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral disease in both men and women worldwide. High-risk or oncogenic HPV types are associated with the development of HPV-related malignancies, including cervical, penile, and anal cancer, in addition to oral cancers. The incidence of anal squamous cell cancers is increasing among PLWH, necessitating the need for reliable screening methods in this population at risk. In fact, the currently used screening methods, including the Pap smear, are invasive and are neither sensitive nor specific. Investigators are interested in circulatory and tissue micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), as these small non-coding RNAs are ideal biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of cancer. Multiple miRNAs are deregulated during HIV and HPV infection and their deregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of disease. Here, we will review the molecular basis of HIV and HPV co-infections and focus on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of anal cancer in PLWH. The limitations of screening for anal cancer and the need for a reliable screening program that involves specific miRNAs with diagnostic and therapeutic values is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Samer Doughan
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nesrine Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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Qi J, Zhou L, Li D, Yang J, Wang H, Cao H, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Chang L, Zhu C, Zhan J, Yuan Y. Oncogenic role of ALX3 in cervical cancer cells through KDM2B-mediated histone demethylation of CDC25A. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:819. [PMID: 34266408 PMCID: PMC8284019 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) is a well-recognized regulator of cell cycle progression and is involved in cancer development. This work focused on the function of CDC25A in cervical cancer cell growth and the molecules involved. Methods A GEO dataset GSE63514 comprising data of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tissues was used to screen the aberrantly expressed genes in cervical cancer. The CDC25A expression in cancer and normal tissues was predicted in the GEPIA database and that in CSCC and normal cells was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. Downregulation of CDC25A was introduced in CSCC cells to explore its function in cell growth and the cell cycle progression. The potential regulators of CDC25A activity and the possible involved signaling were explored. Results CDC25A was predicted to be overexpressed in CSCC, and high expression of CDC25A was observed in CSCC cells. Downregulation of CDC25A in ME180 and C33A cells reduced cell proliferation and blocked cell cycle progression, and it increased cell apoptosis. ALX3 was a positive regulator of CDC25A through transcription promotion. It recruited a histone demethylase, lysine demethylase 2B (KDM2B), to the CDC25A promoter, which enhanced CDC25A expression through demethylation of H3k4me3. Overexpression of ALX3 in cells blocked the inhibitory effects of CDC25A silencing. CDC25A was found as a positive regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion This study suggested that the ALX3 increased CDC25A expression through KDM2B-mediated demethylation of H3K4me3, which induced proliferation and cell cycle progression of cervical cancer cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08552-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Qi
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Cao
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlan Huang
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Chang
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Zhu
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntong Zhan
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department Two of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1018, Huguang Road, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Li C, Liu Y, Hu W, Song H. miR-122 Inhibits the Cervical Cancer Development by Targeting the Oncogene RAD21. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:303-314. [PMID: 34191246 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors in female. miR-122 has been proved to be dominant in CC. The particular role of miR-122 in CC is unclear. Thus, we attempted to investigate the prognostic role of miR-122 in CC. We used the database of Kaplan-Meier curve plot. Growth and apoptosis of C33A cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assay, transwell assays and flow cytometry analysis. The target gene of miR-122 was identified using bioinformatics, q-PCR, western blot and luciferase assay. It showed that CC patients with overexpression of miR-122 have a better prognosis in the Kaplan-Meier plot database analysis. Overexpressed miR-122 inhibited the malignant growth and induced apoptosis of CC. miR-122 targeting of RAD21 cohesin complex component (RAD21) was identified using bioinformatics, Q-PCR, western blot and luciferase assay analyses. Moreover, we found miR-122 conduct its functions via RAD21 via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Importantly, overexpression of RAD21 restored the roles of miR-122 in CC. Our data suggested that miR-122 could block malignant growth and promoted apoptosis by targeting RAD21 in CC. Our finding indicates miR-122 could potentially participate in the pathogenesis and be a biomarker or the potential therapeutic target of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yang
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Wenyang Hu
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hongjuan Song
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
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László B, Antal L, Gyöngyösi E, Szalmás A, Póliska S, Veress G, Kónya J. Coordinated action of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins on competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network members in primary human keratinocytes. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:673. [PMID: 34098875 PMCID: PMC8185923 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miRNAs and lncRNAs can regulate cellular biological processes both under physiological and pathological conditions including tumour initiation and progression. Interactions between differentially expressed diverse RNA species, as a part of a complex intracellular regulatory network (ceRNA network), may contribute also to the pathogenesis of HPV-associated cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the global expression changes of miRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs driven by the E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HPV16, and construct a corresponding ceRNA regulatory network of coding and non-coding genes to suggest a regulatory network associated with high-risk HPV16 infections. Furthermore, additional GO and KEGG analyses were performed to understand the consequences of mRNA expression alterations on biological processes. Methods Small and large RNA deep sequencing were performed to detect expression changes of miRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs in primary human keratinocytes expressing HPV16 E6, E7 or both oncoproteins. The relationships between lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were predicted by using StarBase v2.0, DianaTools-LncBase v.2 and miRTarBase. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was visualized with Cytoscape v3.4.0. GO and KEEG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID v6.8. Results We revealed that 85 miRNAs in 21 genomic clusters and 41 lncRNAs were abnormally expressed in HPV E6/E7 expressing cells compared with controls. We constructed a ceRNA network with members of 15 lncRNAs – 43 miRNAs – 358 mRNAs with significantly altered expressions. GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses identified numerous cancer related genes, furthermore we recognized common miRNAs as key regulatory elements in biological pathways associated with tumorigenesis driven by HPV16. Conclusions The multiple molecular changes driven by E6 and E7 oncoproteins resulting in the malignant transformation of HPV16 host cells occur, at least in part, due to the abnormal alteration in expression and function of non-coding RNA molecules through their intracellular competing network. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08361-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta László
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
| | - László Antal
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Eszter Gyöngyösi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Anita Szalmás
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - György Veress
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - József Kónya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
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KDM2B Overexpression Facilitates Lytic De Novo KSHV Infection by Inducing AP-1 Activity Through Interaction with the SCF E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00331-21. [PMID: 33692209 PMCID: PMC8139688 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00331-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still largely unknown what host factors are involved in controlling the expression of the lytic viral gene RTA during primary infection, which determines if Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) establishes latent or lytic infection. We have recently identified the histone demethylase KDM2B as a repressor of RTA expression during both de novo KSHV infection and latency based on an epigenetic factor siRNA screen. Here, we report that surprisingly, KDM2B overexpression can promote lytic de novo infection by using a mechanism that differs from what is needed for its repressor function. Our study revealed that while the DNA-binding and demethylase activities of KDM2B linked to its transcription repressive function are dispensable, its C-terminal F-box and LRR domains are required for the lytic infection-inducing function of KDM2B. We found that overexpressed KDM2B increases the half-life of the AP-1 subunit c-Jun protein and induces the AP-1 signaling pathway. This effect is dependent upon the binding of KDM2B to the SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex via its F-box domain. Importantly, the inhibition of AP-1 reduces KDM2B-mediated lytic de novo KSHV infection. Overall, our findings indicate that KDM2B may induce the degradation of some host factors by using the SCF complex resulting in the enrichment of c-Jun. This leads to increased AP-1 transcriptional activity, which facilitates lytic gene expression following de novo infection interfering with the establishment of viral latency.SignificanceThe expression of epigenetic factors is often dysregulated in cancers or upon specific stress signals, which often results in a display of non-canonical functions of the epigenetic factors that are independent from their chromatin-modifying roles. We have previously demonstrated that KDM2B normally inhibits KSHV lytic cycle using its histone demethylase activity. Surprisingly, we found that KDM2B overexpression can promote lytic de novo infection, which does not require its histone demethylase or DNA-binding functions. Instead, KDM2B uses the SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to induce AP-1 transcriptional activity, which promotes lytic gene expression. This is the first report that demonstrates a functional link between SFCKDM2B and AP-1 in the regulation of KSHV lytic cycle.
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Prusinkiewicz MA, Mymryk JS. Metabolic Control by DNA Tumor Virus-Encoded Proteins. Pathogens 2021; 10:560. [PMID: 34066504 PMCID: PMC8148605 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses co-opt a multitude of host cell metabolic processes in order to meet the energy and substrate requirements for successful viral replication. However, due to their limited coding capacity, viruses must enact most, if not all, of these metabolic changes by influencing the function of available host cell regulatory proteins. Typically, certain viral proteins, some of which can function as viral oncoproteins, interact with these cellular regulatory proteins directly in order to effect changes in downstream metabolic pathways. This review highlights recent research into how four different DNA tumor viruses, namely human adenovirus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's associated-sarcoma herpesvirus, can influence host cell metabolism through their interactions with either MYC, p53 or the pRb/E2F complex. Interestingly, some of these host cell regulators can be activated or inhibited by the same virus, depending on which viral oncoprotein is interacting with the regulatory protein. This review highlights how MYC, p53 and pRb/E2F regulate host cell metabolism, followed by an outline of how each of these DNA tumor viruses control their activities. Understanding how DNA tumor viruses regulate metabolism through viral oncoproteins could assist in the discovery or repurposing of metabolic inhibitors for antiviral therapy or treatment of virus-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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Gulay KCM, Aoshima K, Shibata Y, Yasui H, Yan Q, Kobayashi A, Kimura T. KDM2B promotes cell viability by enhancing DNA damage response in canine hemangiosarcoma. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:618-630. [PMID: 34023294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators have been implicated in tumorigenesis of many types of cancer; however, their roles in endothelial cell cancers such as canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) have not been studied. In this study, we find that lysine-specific demethylase 2b (KDM2B) is highly expressed in HSA cell lines compared with normal canine endothelial cells. Silencing of KDM2B in HSA cells results in increased cell death in vitro compared with the scramble control by inducing apoptosis through the inactivation of the DNA repair pathways and accumulation of DNA damage. Similarly, doxycycline-induced KDM2B silencing in tumor xenografts results in decreased tumor sizes compared with the control. Furthermore, KDM2B is also highly expressed in clinical cases of HSA. We hypothesize that pharmacological KDM2B inhibition can also induce HSA cell death and can be used as an alternative treatment for HSA. We treat HSA cells with GSK-J4, a histone demethylase inhibitor, and find that GSK-J4 treatment also induces apoptosis and cell death. In addition, GSK-J4 treatment decreases tumor size. Therefore, we demonstrate that KDM2B acts as an oncogene in HSA by enhancing the DNA damage response. Moreover, we show that histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 can be used as a therapeutic alternative to doxorubicin for HSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Christian Montecillo Gulay
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aoshima
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Scarth JA, Patterson MR, Morgan EL, Macdonald A. The human papillomavirus oncoproteins: a review of the host pathways targeted on the road to transformation. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001540. [PMID: 33427604 PMCID: PMC8148304 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is the causal factor in over 99 % of cervical cancer cases, and a significant proportion of oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. The key drivers of HPV-mediated transformation are the oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7. Together, they act to prolong cell-cycle progression, delay differentiation and inhibit apoptosis in the host keratinocyte cell in order to generate an environment permissive for viral replication. The oncoproteins also have key roles in mediating evasion of the host immune response, enabling infection to persist. Moreover, prolonged infection within the cellular environment established by the HR-HPV oncoproteins can lead to the acquisition of host genetic mutations, eventually culminating in transformation to malignancy. In this review, we outline the many ways in which the HR-HPV oncoproteins manipulate the host cellular environment, focusing on how these activities can contribute to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Scarth
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Molly R. Patterson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ethan L. Morgan
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Present address: Tumour Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
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Glutaminase isoforms expression switches microRNA levels and oxidative status in glioblastoma cells. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:14. [PMID: 33610185 PMCID: PMC7897386 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glutaminase isoenzymes GLS and GLS2 play apparently opposing roles in cancer: GLS acts as an oncoprotein, while GLS2 (GAB isoform) has context specific tumour suppressive activity. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in progression of tumours, including gliomas. The aim was to investigate the effect of GLS and GAB expression on both miRNAs and oxidative status in glioblastoma cells. Methods
Microarray profiling of miRNA was performed in GLS-silenced LN229 and GAB-transfected T98G human glioblastoma cells and their wild-type counterparts. Results were validated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Oxidative status and antioxidant enzymes were determined by spectrophotometric or fluorescence assays in GLS-silenced LN229 and T98G, and GAB-transfected LN229 and T98G. Results MiRNA-146a-5p, miRNA-140-3p, miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-1260a, and miRNA-92a-3p were downregulated, and miRNA-1246 was upregulated when GLS was knocked down. MiRNA-140-3p, miRNA-1246, miRNA-1260a, miRNA-21-5p, and miRNA-146a-5p were upregulated when GAB was overexpressed. Oxidative status (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione levels), as well as antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) of silenced GLS glioblastoma cells and overexpressed GAB glioblastoma cells significantly changed versus their respective control glioblastoma cells. MiRNA-1246, miRNA-1260a, miRNA-146a-5p, and miRNA-21-5p have been characterized as strong biomarkers of glioblastoma proliferation linked to both GLS silencing and GAB overexpression. Total glutathione is a reliable biomarker of glioblastoma oxidative status steadily associated to both GLS silencing and GAB overexpression. Conclusions Glutaminase isoenzymes are related to the expression of some miRNAs and may contribute to either tumour progression or suppression through certain miRNA-mediated pathways, proving to be a key tool to switch cancer proliferation and redox status leading to a less malignant phenotype. Accordingly, GLS and GAB expression are especially involved in glutathione-dependent antioxidant defence.
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Zhang L, Lai Y, Sun Y, Xu B, Qiang X, Zhou X, Wang T. HPV16 E6 regulates the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by downregulating miR-504. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:7588-7595. [PMID: 35117358 PMCID: PMC8799100 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 infection is a necessary condition for the pathogenesis and development of cervical cancer. The E6 protein is expressed by the HPV16 E6 gene and promotes malignant phenotype transformation, which is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. MicroRNA-504 (miR-504) has been reported as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene; the expression of miR-504 in cervical cancer has been found to be negatively correlated with HPV infection. However, the relationship between HPV16 E6 and miR-504 and the role of miR-504 in cervical cancer are not clear. In the current study, we observed the effect of HPV16 E6 on the expression of miR-504 in cervical cancer cells, and analyzed whether HPV16 E6 affects proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells by regulating the expression of miR-504. METHODS Cervical cancer cells (SiHa) were divided into four groups: the empty vector group, E6 overexpression group, E6 overexpression + miR-NC group, and E6 overexpression+miR-504 group. The expressions levels of HPV16 E6 mRNA and miR-504 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the expression level of HPV16 E6 protein was detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Tastelessly, and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS The expression level of miR-504 was significantly decreased in E6 overexpression cells compared to the control cells (P<0.05); the overexpression of miR-504 with miR-504 mimic significantly reversed the downregulation of miR-504 in E6 overexpression SiHa cells (P<0.05). MTT and Transwell assays showed that the overexpression of E6 significantly increased proliferation and invasion of SiHa cells (P<0.05). The overexpression of miR-504 reversed the role of HPV16 E6 on the proliferation and invasion in E6 overexpression SiHa cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Further analysis showed that the overexpression of E6 significantly reduced apoptosis of SiHa cells (P<0.05). The overexpression of miR-504 reversed the role of HPV16 E6 on apoptosis in E6 overexpression SiHa cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HPV16 E6 may promote the proliferation and invasion, and inhibit the apoptosis, of cervical cancer SiHa cells by downregulating miR-504 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Lai
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Baozhen Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Lishui Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Qiang
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Feng D, Yan K, Liang H, Liang J, Wang W, Yu H, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Dong Z, Ling B. CBP-mediated Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling promotes cervical oncogenesis initiated by Piwil2. Neoplasia 2020; 23:1-11. [PMID: 33190089 PMCID: PMC7674161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated that Piwil2 reactivated by the human papillomavirus oncoproteins E6 and E7 may reprogram somatic cells into tumor-initiating cells (TICs), which contribute to cervical neoplasia lesions. Maintaining the stemness of TICs is critical for the progression of cervical lesions. Here, we determined that canonical Wnt signaling was aberrantly activated in HaCaT cells transfected with lentivirus expressing Piwil2 and in cervical lesion specimens of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and invasive carcinoma. Blocking the β-catenin and CREB binding protein interaction with ICG-001 significantly downregulated the reprogramming factors c-Myc, Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4, thus leading to cell differentiation and preventing tumorigenicity in Piwil2-overexpressing HaCaT cells. Similarly, Piwil2 also critically regulated the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in cervical cancer. We further demonstrated that ICG-001 increased cisplatin sensitivity and significantly suppressed tumor growth of cervical cancer alone or in combination with cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. The β-catenin/ CREB binding protein-mediated transcription activated by Piwil2 is essential for the maintenance of TICs, therefore contributing to the progression of cervical oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Keqin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Ou R, Lv M, Liu X, Lv J, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Li X, Li W, Zhao L, Li J, Ren Y, Xu Y. HPV16 E6 oncoprotein-induced upregulation of lncRNA GABPB1-AS1 facilitates cervical cancer progression by regulating miR-519e-5p/Notch2 axis. FASEB J 2020; 34:13211-13223. [PMID: 32844486 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000762r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses 16 (HPV16) is the primary causative agent of cervical cancer (CC). E6 oncoprotein plays a crucial role in cervical carcinogenesis and commonly cause the dysregulation of the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression. However, the biological function of lncRNAs in HPV16-related CC remains largely unexplored. In the present study HPV16 E6-induced differential expression of lncRNAs, miRNA, and mRNA were identified using microarray-based analysis and verified in tumor r cell lines and tumor tissues, and the function of lncRNA in CC was investigated in vitro and in vivo. We found that an lncRNA, named GABPB1-AS1, was significantly upregulated in HPV16-positive CC tissues and cell lines. GABPB1-AS1 expression in HPV16-positive CC tissues was positively associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and FIGO stage. High expression of GABPB1-AS1 was correlated with a poor prognosis for HPV16-positive CC patients. Functionally, E6-induced GABPB1-AS1 overexpression facilitated CC cells proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, GABPB1-AS1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-519e-5p, resulting in the de-repression of its target gene Notch2 which is well known as an oncogene. Therefore, GABPB1-AS1 functioned as a tumor activator in CC pathogenesis by binding to miR-519e-5p and destroying its tumor suppressive function. Collectively, current results demonstrate that GABPB1-AS1 is associated with CC progression, and may be a promising biomarker or target for the clinical management of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Ou
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingfen Lv
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiangmin Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinduo Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Cao MX, Zhang WL, Yu XH, Wu JS, Qiao XW, Huang MC, Wang K, Wu JB, Tang YJ, Jiang J, Liang XH, Tang YL. Interplay between cancer cells and M2 macrophages is necessary for miR-550a-3-5p down-regulation-mediated HPV-positive OSCC progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:102. [PMID: 32493454 PMCID: PMC7268480 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing worldwide with typically higher grade and stage, while better prognosis. microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to play a critical role in cancer, however, their role in HPV-positive OSCC progression remains unclear. METHODS miRNA microarray was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. qRT-PCR and FISH were performed to determine the relative expression of miR-550a-3-5p. CCK-8, Flow cytometry, Wound healing, Cell invasion assays and xenograft experiments were conducted to analyze the biological roles of miR-550a-3-5p. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) generation, co-culturing of cancer cells with TAMs, Western blot, Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, Immunohistochemistry and animal studies were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the functions of miR-550a-3-5p. RESULTS We identified 19 miRNAs differentially expressed in HPV-positive OSCC specimens and miR-550a-3-5p was down-regulated. The low expression of miR-550a-3-5p correlated with higher tumor size and nodal metastasis of HPV-positive OSCC patients. Then, we found that miR-550a-3-5p suppressed the migration, invasion and EMT of HPV-positive OSCC cells dependent on decreasing M2 macrophages polarization. Moreover, miR-550a-3-5p, down-regulated by E6 oncoprotein, inhibited M2 macrophages polarization by YAP/CCL2 signaling, which in turn abrogating EMT program in HPV-positive OSCC cells. In addition, in both xenografts and clinical HPV-positive OSCC samples, miR-550a-3-5p levels were inversely associated with YAP, CCL2 expressions and the number of M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS E6/miR-550a-3-5p/YAP/CCL2 signaling induces M2 macrophages polarization to enhance EMT and progression, revealing a novel crosstalk between cancer cells and immune cells in HPV-positive OSCC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Sec.3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Sec.3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Sec.3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Sec.3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Wei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Sec.3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei-Chang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Sec.3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Sec.3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Sec.3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Sec.3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Sec.3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Zacharopoulou N, Kallergi G, Alkahtani S, Tsapara A, Alarifi S, Schmid E, Sukkar B, Kampranis S, Lang F, Stournaras C. The histone demethylase KDM2B activates FAK and PI3K that control tumor cell motility. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:533-540. [PMID: 32175798 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1736481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that the histone demethylase KDM2B regulates the epithelial markers E-Cadherin and ZO-1, the RhoA/B/C-small-GTPases and actin cytoskeleton organization, in DU-145 prostate- and HCT-116 colon-tumor cells. Here we addressed the role of KDM2B in the activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK)-signaling and its involvement in regulating tumor cell motility. We used RT-PCR for gene transcriptional analysis, Western blotting for the assessment of protein expression and activity and wound-healing assay for the study of cell migration. KDM2B overexpression or silencing controls the activity of FAK in DU-145 prostate- and HCT-116 colon-tumor cells without affecting gene transcription and protein expression of this kinase. Upon KDM2B overexpression in DU-145 cells, significantly enhanced migration was observed, which was abolished in cells pretreated by the specific phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3 K) inhibitor LY294002, implying involvement of FAK/PI3 K signaling in the migration process. In line with this, the p85-PI3 K-subunit was downregulated upon knockdown of KDM2B in DU-145 cells, while the opposite effect became evident in KDM2B-overexpressing cells. These results revealed a novel functional role of KDM2B in regulating the activation of the FAK/PI3 K signaling in prostate cancer cells that participates in the control of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Zacharopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece.,Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Galatea Kallergi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece.,Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna Tsapara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece.,Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Basma Sukkar
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sotirios Kampranis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
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Lysine demethylase 2 (KDM2B) regulates hippo pathway via MOB1 to promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:13. [PMID: 31941533 PMCID: PMC6961382 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Mps1 binding protein (MOB1) is one of the core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway and plays important roles in cancer development. However, its expression, function and regulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have not been revealed yet. Methods The expression of MOB1 and lysine demethylase 2B (KDM2B) in PDAC and adjacent normal pancreas tissues were measured. Also, the underlying mechanisms of altered MOB1 expression and its impact on PDAC biology were investigated. Results We revealed for the first time that MOB1 was decreased expression in PDAC and was a statistically significant independent predictor of poor survival, and restored expression of MOB1 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of PDAC cells. Further studies demonstrated that KDM2B directly bound to the promoter region of MOB1, and suppressed the promoter activity of MOB1 and transcriptionally inhibited the MOB1 expression. Furthermore, KDM2B regulated Hippo pathway and promoted PDAC proliferation, migration and invasion via MOB1. Conclusion This study demonstrated the mechanism and roles of a novel KDM2B/MOB1/Hippo signaling in PDAC progression.
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Nahand JS, Karimzadeh MR, Nezamnia M, Fatemipour M, Khatami A, Jamshidi S, Moghoofei M, Taghizadieh M, Hajighadimi S, Shafiee A, Sadeghian M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Mirzaei H. The role of miR-146a in viral infection. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:343-360. [PMID: 31889417 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified as a key player in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular-genes regulatory pathways. They also emerged as a significant regulator of the immune response. In particular, miR-146a acts as an importance modulator of function and differentiation cells of the innate and adaptive immunity. It has been associated with disorder including cancer and viral infections. Given its significance in the regulation of key cellular processes, it is not surprising which virus infection have found ways to dysregulation of miRNAs. miR-146a has been identified in exosomes (exosomal miR-146a). After the exosomes release from donor cells, they are taken up by the recipient cell and probably the exosomal miR-146a is able to modulate the antiviral response in the recipient cell and result in making them more susceptible to virus infection. In this review, we discuss recent reports regarding miR-146a expression levels, target genes, function, and contributing role in the pathogenesis of the viral infection and provide a clue to develop the new therapeutic and preventive strategies for viral disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Maria Nezamnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Maryam Fatemipour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sogol Jamshidi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarah Hajighadimi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alimohammad Shafiee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammad Sadeghian
- Orthopedic Surgeon Fellowship of Spine Surgery, Sasan General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Liu Z, Mao L, Wang L, Zhang H, Hu X. miR‑218 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in cervical cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:209-219. [PMID: 31746391 PMCID: PMC6896272 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous microRNA (miR) microarray analysis revealed that miR‑218 is downregulated in cervical cancer tissues. The present study aimed to further evaluate the expression of miR‑218 in cervical cancer specimens, determine the association between its expression with disease progression, and investigate the roles of miR‑218 in cervical cancer cells. Tissue specimens were obtained from 80 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 30 patients with high‑grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [(CIN) II/III] and 15 patients with low‑grade CIN (CINI); in addition, 60 plasma samples were obtained from patients with cervical cancer, and 15 normal cervical tissue specimens and 30 plasma samples were obtained from healthy women. These samples were used for analysis of miR‑218 expression via reverse transcription‑-quantitative PCR. In addition, tumor cells were transfected with miR‑218 mimics, human papillomavirus (HPV)16 E6/E7 small interfering RNA, or their respective negative controls to determine the viability, colony formation, migration and invasion of cells using MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Target genes of miR‑218 were bioinformatically predicted and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) terms. The results revealed that miR‑218 was downregulated in the tumor tissues and plasma of patients with cervical cancer, with expression associated with the advanced clinicopathological characteristics of patients, including HPV positivity, tumor size, blood vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, miR‑218 overexpression reduced tumor cell viability and xenograft growth, and suppressed tumor cell migration and invasion. HPV was detected in 75% of the 80 patients with cervical cancer, and HPV positivity was inversely associated with miR‑218 expression. In addition, bioinformatics analysis predicted that roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) was a target gene of miR‑218; miR‑218 overexpression significantly reduced ROBO1 levels. Furthermore, GO analysis revealed that ROBO1 was involved in regulating cell proliferation, adhesion and migration, and the cell cycle. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that miR‑218 may possess antitumor activities in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Wang H, Li X, Li T, Wang L, Wu X, Liu J, Xu Y, Wei W. Multiple roles of microRNA-146a in immune responses and hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5033-5042. [PMID: 31612014 PMCID: PMC6781720 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs), consisting of ~22 nucleotides of single-stranded RNA, participate in post-transcriptional gene regulation by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs, repressing their translation and promoting their degradation. Studies have shown that certain miRNAs play a key role in the control of various cellular activities, such as inhibiting inflammation, modulating cell differentiation and suppressing cancer growth. The role of miR-146a in the immune response and in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has also been investigated. Although some studies have shown that increased miR-146a levels are associated with HCC, others have revealed that miR-146a suppresses cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has an important role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, TLR4 is functionally expressed in HCC cells and promotes HCC cell proliferation, which can be regulated by miR-146a. The present review focuses on the recent progress in analyzing the multiple roles of miR-146a in mediating the TLR4 pathway and adaptive immune response. Finally, the function of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of HCC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Lianzi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Protective potential of miR-146a-5p and its underlying molecular mechanism in diverse cancers: a comprehensive meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:167. [PMID: 31285693 PMCID: PMC6592002 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Studies have shown that miR-146a-5p was differentially expressed in diverse cancers, but the associations between miR-146a-5p expression and prognosis across multiple types of cancer as well its potential targets and downstream pathways have not been comprehensively analyzed. In this study, we performed the first meta-analysis of the prognostic value of miR-146a-5p expression in diverse malignancies and explored prospective targets of miR-146a-5p and related signaling pathways. Methods A thorough search for articles related to miR-146a-5p was performed, and RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and microarray data from gene expression omnibus profiles were used to collect information about the prognostic value of miR-146a-5p. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted. Twelve platforms in miRWalk 2.0 were applied to predict targets of miR-146a-5p. TCGA RNA-seq data were used to validate the inverse relationships between miR-146a-5p and its likely targets. Subsequently, gene ontology and pathway analyses were conducted using Funrich version 3.1.3. Potential protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed. Potential target genes of miR-146a-5p in lung cancer were validated by RT-qPCR. Results We included 10 articles in the meta-analysis. In a pooled analysis, the high miR-146a-5p expression group showed a better overall survival in solid cancers, particularly in reproductive system cancers and digestive system cancers. A total of 120 predicted target genes were included in a bioinformatics analysis. Five pathways involving phospholipase C (PLC) and aquaporins (AQPs) were the most significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Moreover, the PPI network displayed the related signaling pathways and interactions among proteins. AQP1 and FYN were validated by RT-qPCR to be potential targets of miR-146a-5p in lung cancer. Conclusion There is a close link between high miR-146a-5p expression and better overall survival in 21 types of solid cancer, especially in reproductive system and digestive system cancers. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p could inhibit diverse malignancies by modulating pathways linked to PLC or AQPs. In summary, miR-146a-5p is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for various cancers.
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Interplay between the Epigenetic Enzyme Lysine (K)-Specific Demethylase 2B and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00273-19. [PMID: 30996097 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00273-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone modifier lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2B (KDM2B) plays a role in the differentiation of hematopoietic cells, and its expression appears to be deregulated in certain cancers of hematological and lymphoid origins. We have previously found that the KDM2B gene is differentially methylated in cell lines derived from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) compared with that in EBV-negative sporadic Burkitt lymphoma-derived cells. However, whether KDM2B plays a role in eBL development has not been previously investigated. Oncogenic viruses have been shown to hijack the host cell epigenome to complete their life cycle and to promote the transformation process by perturbing cell chromatin organization. Here, we investigated whether EBV alters KDM2B levels to enable its life cycle and promote B-cell transformation. We show that infection of B cells with EBV leads to downregulation of KDM2B levels. We also show that LMP1, one of the main EBV transforming proteins, induces increased DNMT1 recruitment to the KDM2B gene and augments its methylation. By altering KDM2B levels and performing chromatin immunoprecipitation in EBV-infected B cells, we show that KDM2B is recruited to the EBV gene promoters and inhibits their expression. Furthermore, forced KDM2B expression in immortalized B cells led to altered mRNA levels of some differentiation-related genes. Our data show that EBV deregulates KDM2B levels through an epigenetic mechanism and provide evidence for a role of KDM2B in regulating virus and host cell gene expression, warranting further investigations to assess the role of KDM2B in the process of EBV-mediated lymphomagenesis.IMPORTANCE In Africa, Epstein-Barr virus infection is associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma, a pediatric cancer. The molecular events leading to its development are poorly understood compared with those leading to sporadic Burkitt lymphoma. In a previous study, by analyzing the DNA methylation changes in endemic compared with sporadic Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, we identified several differential methylated genomic positions in the proximity of genes with a potential role in cancer, and among them was the KDM2B gene. KDM2B encodes a histone H3 demethylase already shown to be involved in some hematological disorders. However, whether KDM2B plays a role in the development of Epstein-Barr virus-mediated lymphoma has not been investigated before. In this study, we show that Epstein-Barr virus deregulates KDM2B expression and describe the underlying mechanisms. We also reveal a role of the demethylase in controlling viral and B-cell gene expression, thus highlighting a novel interaction between the virus and the cellular epigenome.
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Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Immortalized Human Keratinocytes Expressing Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) Oncogenes Reveals Novel Key Factors and Networks in HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis. mSphere 2019; 4:4/2/e00129-19. [PMID: 30918060 PMCID: PMC6437273 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00129-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers still remain a big health problem, especially in developing countries, despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines. Although HPV oncogenes have been intensively investigated for decades, a study applying recent advances in RNA-Seq and quantitative proteomic approaches to a precancerous model system with well-defined HPV oncogene expression alongside HPV-negative parental cells has been missing until now. Here, combined omics analyses reveal global changes caused by the viral oncogenes in a less biased way and allow the identification of novel factors and key cellular networks potentially promoting malignant transformation. In addition, this system also provides a basis for mechanistic research on novel key factors regulated by HPV oncogenes, especially those that are confirmed in vivo in cervical cancer as well as in head and neck cancer patient samples from TCGA data sets. Although the role of high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) as etiological agents in cancer development has been intensively studied during the last decades, there is still the necessity of understanding the impact of the HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes on host cells, ultimately leading to malignant transformation. Here, we used newly established immortalized human keratinocytes with a well-defined HPV16 E6E7 expression cassette to get a more complete and less biased overview of global changes induced by HPV16 by employing transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). This is the first study combining transcriptome and proteome data to characterize the impact of HPV oncogenes in human keratinocytes in comparison with their virus-negative counterparts. To enhance the informative value and accuracy of the RNA-Seq data, four different bioinformatic workflows were used. We identified potential novel upstream regulators (e.g., CNOT7, SPDEF, MITF, and PAX5) controlling distinct clusters of genes within the HPV-host cell network as well as distinct factors (e.g., CPPED1, LCP1, and TAGLN) with essential functions in cancer. Validated results in this study were compared to data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), demonstrating that several identified factors were also differentially expressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) and HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCs). This highly integrative approach allows the identification of novel HPV-induced cellular changes that are also reflected in cancer patients, providing a promising omics data set for future studies in both basic and translational research. IMPORTANCE Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers still remain a big health problem, especially in developing countries, despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines. Although HPV oncogenes have been intensively investigated for decades, a study applying recent advances in RNA-Seq and quantitative proteomic approaches to a precancerous model system with well-defined HPV oncogene expression alongside HPV-negative parental cells has been missing until now. Here, combined omics analyses reveal global changes caused by the viral oncogenes in a less biased way and allow the identification of novel factors and key cellular networks potentially promoting malignant transformation. In addition, this system also provides a basis for mechanistic research on novel key factors regulated by HPV oncogenes, especially those that are confirmed in vivo in cervical cancer as well as in head and neck cancer patient samples from TCGA data sets.
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Zhong S, Zhang Y, Yin X, Di W. CDK7 inhibitor suppresses tumor progression through blocking the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and inhibiting transcriptional activity in cervical cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2137-2147. [PMID: 30962695 PMCID: PMC6434917 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s195655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The disordered cell cycle and dysregulated expression of numerous oncogenes involved in tumor-relevant processes are highly related to the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) constitutes the indispensable catalytic subunit of CDK-activating kinase (CAK), which is required for both cell cycle transition and transcriptional regulation. However, research regarding the antitumor effects of CDK7 inhibition in cervical cancer remains unclear. Purpose Our study aims to explore the antineoplastic effects of the CDK7 inhibitor THZ1 in cervical cancer cells and to find a potential agent for cervical cancer treatment. Methods The CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to knock down CDK7. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the cell viability after CDK7 depletion and THZ1 treatment. Western blot was employed to detect protein expression. The expression levels of mRNA were assayed through qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry analysis was used to assay the apoptotic cells and cell cycle distribution. Gene expression microarray analysis was used to identify the differential expression of the genes. Subcutaneous xenograft mouse model was performed to test the antineoplastic effects of THZ1 in vivo. Results We revealed that the genetic depletion of CDK7 using the CRISPR-Cas9 system exhibited great cell growth inhibition in cervical cancer cell lines, consistent with the effects of CDK7 blocking using THZ1. Cervical cancer cells were highly sensitive to THZ1 treatment, and a low concentration of THZ1 could induce substantial cell apoptosis. THZ1 specifically perturbed the phosphorylation of cell cycle regulator CDK1 and decreased the expression of cyclin B1, leading to a cell cycle blockage at the G2/M phase and inducing cell growth inhibition. The gene expression microarray analysis showed that massive oncogene transcripts, especially those associated with tumorigenesis, were preferential suppressed after THZ1 treatment. The qRT-PCR confirmed that several essential oncogenes in tumorigenesis (c-MYC, hTERT, RAD51, and BCL-2) and HPV viral oncogenes (E6 and E7) were preferentially repressed by THZ1. Moreover, THZ1 exhibited substantial antineoplastic effects against cervical cancer in vivo without inducing obvious side effects. Conclusion These findings indicated that the CDK7 inhibitor THZ1 is a potential option in cervical cancer treatment owing to its ability to inhibit cell cycle progression and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China, .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China, .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xia Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China, .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China, .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China, .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China,
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Zhang S, Yin Z, Dai F, Wang H, Zhou M, Yang M, Zhang S, Fu Z, Mei Y, Zang M, Xue L. miR‐29a attenuates cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of PPARδ expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13252-13262. [PMID: 30580435 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Zhongnan Yin
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Fei‐Fei Dai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Medical Research Center Peking University Third Hospital Beijing Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Meng‐Jiao Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Ming‐Hui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Shu‐Feng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The People's Hospital of Henan Province Zhengzhou Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Feng Fu
- Statistics and Actuarial Science Department, Faculty of Science The University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong SAR Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Ying‐Wu Mei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Ming‐Xi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing Peoples's Republic of China
- Medical Research Center Peking University Third Hospital Beijing Peoples's Republic of China
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Santos JMO, Peixoto da Silva S, Costa NR, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. The Role of MicroRNAs in the Metastatic Process of High-Risk HPV-Induced Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120493. [PMID: 30563114 PMCID: PMC6316057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven cancers represent a major health concern worldwide. Despite the constant effort to develop and promote vaccination against HPVs, there is still a high percentage of non-vaccinated population. Furthermore, secondary prevention programs are not ubiquitous worldwide and not widely followed. Metastatic disease is the cause of the great majority of cancer-associated deaths, making it essential to determine its underlying mechanisms and to identify actionable anti-metastatic targets. Within certain types of cancer (e.g., head and neck), HPV-positive tumors show different dissemination patterns when compared with their HPV-negative counterparts, implicating HPV-related factors in the metastatic process. Among the many groups of biomolecules dysregulated by HPV, microRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators of carcinogenesis, able to control complex processes like cancer metastization. In this review, we present recent data on the role of microRNAs in the metastization of HPV-related cancers and on their possible clinical relevance as biomarkers of metastatic disease and/or as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer⁻Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro⁻Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Peixoto da Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Natália R Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer⁻Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro⁻Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177 Porto, Portugal.
- Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Liu G, Ruan L. Loss of miR-143 and miR-145 in condyloma acuminatum promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by targeting NRAS. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172376. [PMID: 30225000 PMCID: PMC6124073 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression profile of miRNAs and their function in condyloma acuminatum (CA) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to detect the effects of miR-143 and miR-145, the most downregulated in CA samples using high-throughput sequencing, on cell proliferation and apoptosis, to determine a novel therapeutic target for CA recurrence. RT-qPCR was used to validate the lower expression of miR-143 and miR-145 in a larger size of CA samples, and the expression of NRAS in CA samples was significantly higher than self-controls as determined by western blotting assay. Luciferase assay was performed to confirm that miR-143 or miR-145 targeted NRAS directly. Transduction of LV-pre-miR-143 or LV-pre-miR-145 to human papilloma virus (HPV)-infected SiHa cells led to reduced proliferation, greater apoptosis and inhibition of expression of NRAS, PI3 K p110α and p-AKT. However, knockout of miR-143 or miR-145 in human epidermal keratinocytes by delivery of CRISPR/CAS9-gRNA for target miRNAs protected cells from apoptosis and upregulated expression of target genes as described above. MiR-143 and miR-145 sensitized cells to nutlin-3a, a p53 activator and MDM2 antagonist, while their loss protected cells from the stress of nutlin-3a. Furthermore, siRNA targeting NRAS showed similar effects on proliferation and apoptosis as miR-143 or miR-145. Taken together, our results suggest that loss of miR-143 or miR-145 in CA protects HPV-infected cells from apoptosis induced by environmental stress, in addition to promoting cellular proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis by targeting NRAS/PI3 K/ATK. Restoration of miR-143 or miR-145 might provide an applicable and novel approach to block the recurrence and progression of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liming Ruan
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
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Peta E, Masi G, Barzon L. KDM2B in papillomavirus-related cancer. Oncoscience 2018; 5:159-160. [PMID: 30035176 PMCID: PMC6049318 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elektra Peta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Masi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
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