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Ma CX, Ma XN, Liu JJ, Guan CH, Li YD, Zhao N, Mauricio D, Fu SB. The BRAF V600E mutation maintains the aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancers requiring downregulation of primary cilia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 581:112113. [PMID: 37989409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Although disorders of primary cilia (PCs) were first reported in human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tissues in 1987, their precise role in PTC remains unclear. PCs sense the thyroid follicle colloid environment and act as a cell signaling hub. The present study investigated whether PCs are needed for BRAFV600E-driven PTC. We assessed whether BRAFV600E protein expression correlates with papillary histological architecture and clinicopathological features of PTC. We found that expression of ciliary intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88) and PC formation were reduced in BRAFV600E-driven PTCs and that loss of cilia may be associated with lymph node metastasis. In PTC cells, the BRAFV600E mutation maintained the aggressiveness of PTC, which was partially related to loss of PCs. Our work confirms that BRAFV600E mutation-driven PC downregulation contributes to maintaining the aggressiveness of PTCs and that manipulating PC can potentially reduce the adverse incidence of PTC in a range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jin-Jin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Cong-Hui Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ying-Dong Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, CIBERDEM, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Song-Bo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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Tian Z, Li X, Yu X, Yan S, Sun J, Ma W, Zhu X, Tang Y. The role of primary cilia in thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1306550. [PMID: 38260150 PMCID: PMC10801159 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are non-motile and microtube-based organelles protruding from the surface of almost all thyroid follicle cells. They maintain homeostasis in thyrocytes and loss of PC can result in diverse thyroid diseases. The dysfunction of structure and function of PC are found in many patients with common thyroid diseases. The alterations are associated with the cause, development, and recovery of the diseases and are regulated by PC-mediated signals. Restoring normal PC structure and function in thyrocytes is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat thyroid diseases. This review explores the function of PC in normal thyroid glands. It summarizes the pathology caused by PC alterations in thyroid cancer (TC), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), hypothyroidism, and thyroid nodules (TN) to provide comprehensive references for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Laws MT, Walker EN, Cozzi FM, Ampie L, Jung MY, Burton EC, Brown DA. Glioblastoma may evade immune surveillance through primary cilia-dependent signaling in an IL-6 dependent manner. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1279923. [PMID: 38188300 PMCID: PMC10766829 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1279923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common, malignant primary brain tumor in adults and remains universally fatal. While immunotherapy has vastly improved the treatment of several solid cancers, efficacy in glioblastoma is limited. These challenges are due in part to the propensity of glioblastoma to recruit tumor-suppressive immune cells, which act in conjunction with tumor cells to create a pro-tumor immune microenvironment through secretion of several soluble factors. Glioblastoma-derived EVs induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and non-classical monocytes (NCMs) from myeloid precursors leading to systemic and local immunosuppression. This process is mediated by IL-6 which contributes to the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages of the M2 immunosuppressive subtype, which in turn, upregulates anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 and TGF-β. Primary cilia are highly conserved organelles involved in signal transduction and play critical roles in glioblastoma proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and chemoradiation resistance. In this perspectives article, we provide preliminary evidence that primary cilia regulate intracellular release of IL-6. This ties primary cilia mechanistically to tumor-mediated immunosuppression in glioblastomas and potentially, in additional neoplasms which have a shared mechanism for cancer-mediated immunosuppression. We propose potentially testable hypotheses of the cellular mechanisms behind this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell T. Laws
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erin N. Walker
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, United States
| | - Francesca M. Cozzi
- Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Lab, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbroke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leonel Ampie
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mi-Yeon Jung
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eric C. Burton
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Desmond A. Brown
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Yu JH, Kim JH, Soung NK, Moon EY, Koo JH. Identification of the primary ciliary proteins IFT38 and IFT144 to enhance serum-mediated YAP activation and cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:186-193. [PMID: 37783116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are essential cellular antennae that transmit external signals into intracellular responses. These sensory organelles perform crucial tasks in triggering intracellular signaling pathways, including those initiated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Given the involvement of GPCRs in serum-induced signaling, we investigated the contribution of ciliary proteins in mitogen perception and cell proliferation. We found that depletion of cilia via IFT88 silencing impaired cell growth and repressed YAP activation against serum and its mitogenic constituents, namely lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). To identify the key player of serum mitogen signaling, a mutant cell line library with 30 ablated individual ciliary proteins was established and screened based on YAP dephosphorylation and target gene induction. While 9 of them had altered signaling, ablation of IFT38 or IFT144 led to a particularly robust repression of YAP activation upon LPA and S1P. The deficiency of IFT38 and IFT144 attenuated cell proliferation, as corroborated in either 2-dimensional cultures or tumor spheroids. In subcutaneous skin melanoma patients, expression of IFT38 and IFT144 was associated with unfavorable outcomes in overall survival. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the involvement of ciliary proteins in mitogen signaling and identifies the regulatory roles of IFT38 and IFT144 in serum-mediated Hippo pathway signaling and cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Heon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Liu P, Huang L, Song CQ. Editorial: Genome editing applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in metabolic diseases, hormonal system and cancer research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1256966. [PMID: 37608792 PMCID: PMC10441539 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Liu
- Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology (MCCB), 1University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lei Huang
- Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology (MCCB), 1University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Chun-Qing Song
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Bae JE, Jang S, Kim JB, Hyung H, Park NY, Kim YH, Kim SH, Kim SH, Ha JM, Oh GS, Park K, Jeong K, Jang JS, Jo DS, Kim P, Lee HS, Ryoo ZY, Cho DH. Enhanced primary ciliogenesis via mitochondrial oxidative stress activates AKT to prevent neurotoxicity in HSPA9/mortalin-depleted SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Brain 2023; 16:41. [PMID: 37170364 PMCID: PMC10176837 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium, an antenna-like structure on the cell surface, acts as a mechanical and chemical sensory organelle. Primary cilia play critical roles in sensing the extracellular environment to coordinate various developmental and homeostatic signaling pathways. Here, we showed that the depletion of heat shock protein family A member 9 (HSPA9)/mortalin stimulates primary ciliogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. The downregulation of HSPA9 enhances mitochondrial stress by increasing mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation. Notably, the inhibition of either mtROS production or mitochondrial fission significantly suppressed the increase in primary ciliogenesis in HSPA9-depleted cells. In addition, enhanced primary ciliogenesis contributed to cell survival by activating AKT in SH-SY5Y cells. The abrogation of ciliogenesis through the depletion of IFT88 potentiated neurotoxicity in HSPA9-knockdown cells. Furthermore, both caspase-3 activation and cell death were increased by MK-2206, an AKT inhibitor, in HSPA9-depleted cells. Taken together, our results suggest that enhanced primary ciliogenesis plays an important role in preventing neurotoxicity caused by the loss of HSPA9 in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Bae
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Hyung
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Min Ha
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Seok Oh
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Bio-center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Bio-center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seon Jang
- Department of Bio-Medical Analysis, Bio Campus of Korea Polytechnic, Nonsan, Chungcheongnamdo, 32943, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Pansoo Kim
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea.
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Loss of thyroid gland circadian PER2 rhythmicity in aged mice and its potential association with thyroid cancer development. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:898. [PMID: 36284088 PMCID: PMC9596494 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular clocks operate in peripheral tissues, including endocrine glands, and play important regulatory roles in this context. However, potential age-related changes in the expression rhythmicity of clock genes and the effects of these changes on the thyroid gland remain unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the expression rhythmicity of peripheral thyroid clock genes in aged mice using RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis in young (3.5-month) versus aged (20-month) mice. In addition, we determined the cellular effects of silencing of PER2, a major clock gene regulator, in human thyroid cell lines. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the thyroid glands of aged mice were involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, chemokine signaling, circadian entrainment, PI3K/AKT signaling, and Apelin signaling. The expression of circadian clock genes Arntl/Bmal1 was significantly downregulated in thyroid glands of aged mice, whereas the expression of genes involved in regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis was upregulated. Peripheral thyroid clock genes, particularly Per mRNA and PER2 protein, were downregulated in the thyroid glands of aged mice, and circadian oscillation of these genes was declined. Knockdown of the circadian clock gene PER2 in human thyroid follicular cells induced AP-1 activity via JNK MAPK signaling activation, which increased cell proliferation. Furthermore, the aging-related loss of PER2 circadian oscillation activated the AP-1 transcription factor via the JNK MAPK pathway, which could contribute to thyroid hyperplasia, a common age-related condition.
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Depletion of Ift88 in thymic epithelial cells affects thymic synapse and T-cell differentiation in aged mice. Anat Sci Int 2022; 97:409-422. [PMID: 35435578 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-022-00663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are ubiquitous hair-like organelles, usually projecting from the cell surface. They are essential for the organogenesis and homeostasis of various physiological functions, and their dysfunction leads to a plethora of human diseases. However, there are few reports on the role of primary cilia in the immune system; therefore, we focused on their role in the thymus that nurtures immature lymphocytes to full-fledged T cells. We detected primary cilia on the thymic epithelial cell (TEC) expressing transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor in the basal body, and established a line of an intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88) knockout mice lacking primary cilia in TECs (Ift88-TEC null mutant) to clarify their precise role in thymic organogenesis and T-cell differentiation. The Ift88-TEC null mutant mice showed stunted cilia or lack of cilia in TECs. The intercellular contact between T cells and the "thymic synapse" of medullary TECs was slightly disorganized in Ift88-TEC null mutants. Notably, the CD4- and CD8-single positive thymocyte subsets increased significantly. The absence or disorganization of thymic cilia downregulated the TGF-β signaling cascade, increasing the number of single positive thymocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the physiological role of primary cilia and Ift88 in regulating the differentiation of the thymus and T cells.
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Zalewska E, Kaniuka-Jakubowska S, Wiśniewski P, Jankowska M, Sworczak K, Dębska-Ślizień A. Incidence of thyroid nodules in early stage autosomal polycystic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:85. [PMID: 35241008 PMCID: PMC8892779 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease. Defect in cilia-mediated signaling activity is a crucial factor leading to cyst formation. Hence, ADPKD is regarded as a systemic disorder with multiple extrarenal complications, including cysts in other organs, for instance, the liver, pancreas, spleen, or ovaries. Interestingly, loss-of-function of primary cilia has been recently found to contribute to a malignant transformation from degenerated thyroid follicles. However, the increased incidence of thyroid nodules in ADPKD patients has not yet been fully confirmed. Objectives To determine the incidence of thyroid lesions in patients with ADPKD in comparison to previous population studies. Moreover, we aimed to investigate if the pace of the disease progression is associated with a higher prevalence of thyroid lesions. Material and methods In 49 early-stage ADPKD patients recruited from our center, we performed ultrasonography of the thyroid glands, and laboratory evaluation of thyroids function. We compared the results with population studies. Results Twenty-three individuals had solid, cystic-solid, or cystic lesions revealed in the ultrasonography and 2 patients had a positive past medical history for thyroidectomy due to nodular goiter. In 10 patients out of the 23, only minor cysts with no clinical significance were found and 13 out of the 23 patients had solid or cystic-solid lesions, which occurred to be benign based on three years of follow-up or the biopsy of the nodule. Conclusions We found no increased incidence of thyroid gland lesions in early ADPKD patients in comparison to previous population studies. Plausibly, mechanisms other than defective cilia signaling are involved in the risk for focal thyroid lesions formation. Moreover, the rate of progression of kidney function decline seems to be not accompanied by the higher incidence of thyroid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Zalewska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Wiśniewski
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jankowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sworczak
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Li F, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Yin J, Qiu Y, Gao J, Zhu F. POSREG: proteomic signature discovered by simultaneously optimizing its reproducibility and generalizability. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6532538. [PMID: 35183059 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomic technique has become indispensable in current exploration of complex and dynamic biological processes. Instrument development has largely ensured the effective production of proteomic data, which necessitates commensurate advances in statistical framework to discover the optimal proteomic signature. Current framework mainly emphasizes the generalizability of the identified signature in predicting the independent data but neglects the reproducibility among signatures identified from independently repeated trials on different sub-dataset. These problems seriously restricted the wide application of the proteomic technique in molecular biology and other related directions. Thus, it is crucial to enable the generalizable and reproducible discovery of the proteomic signature with the subsequent indication of phenotype association. However, no such tool has been developed and available yet. Herein, an online tool, POSREG, was therefore constructed to identify the optimal signature for a set of proteomic data. It works by (i) identifying the proteomic signature of good reproducibility and aggregating them to ensemble feature ranking by ensemble learning, (ii) assessing the generalizability of ensemble feature ranking to acquire the optimal signature and (iii) indicating the phenotype association of discovered signature. POSREG is unique in its capacity of discovering the proteomic signature by simultaneously optimizing its reproducibility and generalizability. It is now accessible free of charge without any registration or login requirement at https://idrblab.org/posreg/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengcheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Fuziwara CS, de Mello DC, Kimura ET. Gene Editing with CRISPR/Cas Methodology and Thyroid Cancer: Where Are We? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030844. [PMID: 35159110 PMCID: PMC8834610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The advent of genomic editing with CRISPR/Cas9 has transformed the way we manipulate the genome, and has facilitated the investigation of tumor cell biology in vitro and in vivo. Not only we can modify genome sequence to blunt an overactivated gene or correct a mutation, but also we may modulate gene expression using CRISPR/Cas system. In this review, we present the basics of CRISPR/Cas methodology, its components and how to start a CRISPR/Cas experiment; Moreover, we present how CRISPR/Cas methodology has been applied to study the function of coding and noncoding genes in thyroid cancer and provided insights into cancer biology. Abstract Important advances on the role of genetic alterations in thyroid cancer have been achieved in the last two decades. One key reason is linked to the development of technical approaches that allowed for the mimicking of genetic alterations in vitro and in vivo and, more recently, the gene editing methodology. The CRISPR/Cas methodology has emerged as a tangible tool for editing virtually any DNA sequence in the genome. To induce a double-strand break and programmable gene editing, Cas9 endonuclease is guided by a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) that is complementary to the target sequence in DNA. The gene editing per se occurs as the cells repair the broken DNA and may erroneously change the original DNA sequence. In this review, we explore the principles of the CRISPR/Cas system to facilitate an understanding of the mainstream technique and its applications in gene editing. Furthermore, we explored new applications of CRISPR/Cas for gene modulation without changing the DNA sequence and provided a Dry Lab experience for those who are interested in starting “CRISPRing” any given gene. In the last section, we will discuss the progress in the knowledge of thyroid cancer biology fostered by the CRISPR/Cas gene editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diego Claro de Mello
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Fujii R, Hasegawa S, Maekawa H, Inoue T, Yoshioka K, Uni R, Ikeda Y, Nangaku M, Inagi R. Decreased IFT88 expression with primary cilia shortening causes mitochondrial dysfunction in cisplatin-induced tubular injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F278-F292. [PMID: 34338030 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00673.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of primary cilia shortening in kidney disease and its pathomechanism are largely unknown. Tubular damage in acute kidney injury (AKI) is strongly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, we investigated the interaction between primary cilia and mitochondria in cisplatin-induced AKI mouse models. We observed that the expression of intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88), a ciliary maintenance protein, was decreased in the renal cortex following tubular damage due to cisplatin-induced AKI. This result was consistent with the decreased IFT88 expression in cisplatin-treated RPTEC/TERT1 cells (human primary proximal tubular cells) parallel to the shortening of primary cilia, suggesting a causative link between tubular damage and IFT88-mediated cilia regulation. To address the effect of impaired primary cilia with decreased IFT88 expression on tubular function, RPTEC/TERT1 cells treated with cisplatin and knocked down for IFT88 using siRNA (IFT88-KD) were assessed for phenotypic changes and mitochondrial metabolic function. Both cisplatin and IFT88-KD caused primary cilia shortening, downregulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity, and had defective fatty acid oxidation and decreased ATP production. Furthermore, IFT88 overexpression enhanced mitochondrial respiration, which partially counteracted cisplatin-induced defective fatty acid oxidation. These results are indicative of the contribution of IFT88 to mitochondrial homeostasis. Our findings suggest that tubular mitochondrial dysfunction in cisplatin-induced AKI is mediated, at least in part, by a decrease in IFT88 expression with primary cilia shortening. That is, tubular mitochondrial damage followed by tubular injury in AKI may occur through alteration of IFT88 expression and subsequent ciliary shortening in tubular cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we demonstrated organelle cross-talk between primary cilia and mitochondria of proximal tubular cells in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. The primary cilia-mitochondria interaction may open new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Fujii
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Hasegawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maekawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshioka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Company, Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Uni
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Ikeda
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Xu W, Li C, Ma B, Lu Z, Wang Y, Jiang H, Luo Y, Yang Y, Wang X, Liao T, Ji Q, Wang Y, Wei W. Identification of Key Functional Gene Signatures Indicative of Dedifferentiation in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641851. [PMID: 33996555 PMCID: PMC8113627 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Many of them can relapse to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (DDTC) and exhibit different gene expression profiles. The underlying mechanism of dedifferentiation and the involved genes or pathways remained to be investigated. Methods: A discovery cohort obtained from patients who received surgical resection in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) and two validation cohorts derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to screen out differentially expressed genes in the dedifferentiation process. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was constructed to identify modules highly related to differentiation. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify pathways related to differentiation, and all differentially expressed genes were grouped by function based on the GSEA and literature reviewing data. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to control the number of variables in each group. Next, we used logistic regression to build a gene signature in each group to indicate differentiation status, and we computed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the indicative performance of each signature. Results: A total of 307 upregulated and 313 downregulated genes in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) compared with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and normal thyroid (NT) were screened out in FUSCC cohort and validated in two GEO cohorts. WGCNA of 620 differential genes yielded the seven core genes with the highest correlation with thyroid differentiation score (TDS). Furthermore, 395 genes significantly correlated with TDS in univariate logistic regression analysis were divided into 11 groups. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the gene signature of group transcription and epigenetic modification, signal and substance transport, extracellular matrix (ECM), and metabolism in the training set [The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort] and validation set (combined GEO cohort) were both >0.75. The gene signature based on group transcription and epigenetic modification, cilia formation and movement, and proliferation can reflect the patient's disease recurrence state. Conclusion: The dedifferentiation of DTC is affected by a variety of mechanisms including many genes. The gene signature of group transcription and epigenetic modification, signal and substance transport, ECM, and metabolism can be used as biomarkers for DDTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiwei Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwu Lu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyi Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Loss of primary cilia promotes mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in thyroid cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4181. [PMID: 33602982 PMCID: PMC7893175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is well-preserved in human differentiated thyroid cancers such as papillary and follicular carcinoma. Specific thyroid cancers such as Hürthle cell carcinoma, oncocytic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and PTC with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis show reduced biogenesis of primary cilia; these cancers are often associated the abnormalities in mitochondrial function. Here, we examined the association between primary cilia and the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Tg-Cre;Ift88flox/flox mice (in which thyroid follicles lacked primary cilia) showed irregularly dilated follicles and increased apoptosis of thyrocytes. Defective ciliogenesis caused by deleting the IFT88 and KIF3A genes from thyroid cancer cell lines increased VDAC1 oligomerization following VDAC1 overexpression, thereby facilitating upregulation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, VDAC1 localized with the basal bodies of primary cilia in thyroid cancer cells. These results demonstrate that loss-of-function of primary cilia results in apoptogenic stimuli, which are responsible for mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic cell death in differentiated thyroid cancers. Therefore, regulating primary ciliogenesis might be a therapeutic approach to targeting differentiated thyroid cancers.
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15
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Ma CX, Ma XN, Li YD, Fu SB. The Role of Primary Cilia in Thyroid Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:685228. [PMID: 34168619 PMCID: PMC8218906 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.685228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are microtubule-based organelles that are present on nearly all thyroid follicle cells and play an important role in physiological development and in maintaining the dynamic homeostasis of thyroid follicles. PC are generally lost in many thyroid cancers (TCs), and this loss has been linked to the malignant transformation of thyrocytes, which is regulated by PC-mediated signaling reciprocity between the stroma and cancer cells. Restoring PC on TC cells is a possible promising therapeutic strategy, and the therapeutic response and prognosis of TC are associated with the presence or absence of PC. This review mainly discusses the role of PC in the normal thyroid and TC as well as their potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Dong Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Song-Bo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Song-Bo Fu,
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16
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Lee J, Sul HJ, Kim KH, Chang JY, Shong M. Primary Cilia Mediate TSH-Regulated Thyroglobulin Endocytic Pathways. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:700083. [PMID: 34552555 PMCID: PMC8451241 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.700083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles with a variety of receptors and channels on their membranes. Recently, primary cilia were proposed to be crucial sites for exocytosis and endocytosis of vesicles associated with endocytic control of various ciliary signaling pathways. Thyroglobulin (Tg) synthesis and Tg exocytosis/endocytosis are critical for the functions of thyroid follicular cells, where primary cilia are relatively well preserved. LRP2/megalin has been detected on the apical surface of absorptive epithelial cells, including thyrocytes. LRP2/megalin on thyrocytes serves as a Tg receptor and can mediate Tg endocytosis. In this study, we investigated the role of primary cilia in LRP2/megalin expression in thyroid gland stimulated with endogenous TSH using MMI-treated and Tg-Cre;Ift88flox/flox mice. LRP2/megalin expression in thyroid follicles was higher in MMI-treated mice than in untreated control mice. MMI-treated mice exhibited a significant increase in ciliogenesis in thyroid follicular cells relative to untreated controls. Furthermore, MMI-induced ciliogenesis accompanied increases in LRP2/megalin expression in thyroid follicular cells, in which LRP2/megalin was localized to the primary cilium. By contrast, in Tg-Cre;Ift88flox/flox mice, thyroid with defective primary cilia expressed markedly lower levels of LRP2/megalin. Serum Tg levels were elevated in MMI-treated mice and reduced in Tg-Cre;Ift88flox/flox mice. Taken together, these results indicate that defective ciliogenesis in murine thyroid follicular cells is associated with impaired LRP2/megalin expression and reduced serum Tg levels. Our results strongly suggest that primary cilia harbors LRP2/megalin, and are involved in TSH-mediated endocytosis of Tg in murine thyroid follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Junguee Lee, ; Minho Shong,
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Junguee Lee, ; Minho Shong,
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17
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Cullen CL, O'Rourke M, Beasley SJ, Auderset L, Zhen Y, Pepper RE, Gasperini R, Young KM. Kif3a deletion prevents primary cilia assembly on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, reduces oligodendrogenesis and impairs fine motor function. Glia 2020; 69:1184-1203. [PMID: 33368703 PMCID: PMC7986221 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are small microtubule‐based organelles capable of transducing signals from growth factor receptors embedded in the cilia membrane. Developmentally, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) express genes associated with primary cilia assembly, disassembly, and signaling, however, the importance of primary cilia for adult myelination has not been explored. We show that OPCs are ciliated in vitro and in vivo, and that they disassemble their primary cilia as they progress through the cell cycle. OPC primary cilia are also disassembled as OPCs differentiate into oligodendrocytes. When kinesin family member 3a (Kif3a), a gene critical for primary cilium assembly, was conditionally deleted from adult OPCs in vivo (Pdgfrα‐CreER™:: Kif3afl/fl transgenic mice), OPCs failed to assemble primary cilia. Kif3a‐deletion was also associated with reduced OPC proliferation and oligodendrogenesis in the corpus callosum and motor cortex and a progressive impairment of fine motor coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie L Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Megan O'Rourke
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Shannon J Beasley
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Loic Auderset
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Renee E Pepper
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Robert Gasperini
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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18
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Evidences of a Direct Relationship between Cellular Fuel Supply and Ciliogenesis Regulated by Hypoxic VDAC1-ΔC. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113484. [PMID: 33238609 PMCID: PMC7700438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is the ability of a cell to adapt its metabolism to changes in its surrounding environment. Such adaptability, combined with apoptosis resistance provides cancer cells with a survival advantage. Mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) has been defined as a metabolic checkpoint at the crossroad of these two processes. Here, we show that the hypoxia-induced cleaved form of VDAC1 (VDAC1-ΔC) is implicated in both the up-regulation of glycolysis and the mitochondrial respiration. We demonstrate that VDAC1-ΔC, due to the loss of the putative phosphorylation site at serine 215, concomitantly with the loss of interaction with tubulin and microtubules, reprograms the cell to utilize more metabolites, favoring cell growth in hypoxic microenvironment. We further found that VDAC1-ΔC represses ciliogenesis and thus participates in ciliopathy, a group of genetic disorders involving dysfunctional primary cilium. Cancer, although not representing a ciliopathy, is tightly linked to cilia. Moreover, we highlight, for the first time, a direct relationship between the cilium and cancer cell metabolism. Our study provides the first new comprehensive molecular-level model centered on VDAC1-ΔC integrating metabolic flexibility, ciliogenesis, and enhanced survival in a hypoxic microenvironment.
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19
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Halder P, Khatun S, Majumder S. Freeing the brake: Proliferation needs primary cilium to disassemble. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Chen Q, Li J, Yang X, Ma J, Gong F, Liu Y. Prdx1 promotes the loss of primary cilia in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:372. [PMID: 32357862 PMCID: PMC7195802 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of primary cilia is frequently observed in tumor cells, suggesting that the absence of this organelle may promote tumorigenesis through aberrant signal transduction, the inability to exit the cell cycle, and promotion of tumor cell invasion. Primary cilia loss also occurs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, but the molecular mechanisms that explain how ESCC cells lose primary cilia remain poorly understood. Methods Inhibiting the expression of Prdx1 in the ESCC cells to detect the up-regulated genes related to cilium regeneration and down-regulated genes related to cilium disassembly by Gene chip. And, mice and cell experiments were carried to confirm the role of the HEF1-Aurora A-HDAC6 signaling axis in ESCC. Results In this study, we found that silencing Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1) restores primary cilia formation, and over-expressing Prdx1 induces primary cilia loss in ESCC cells. We also showed that the expression of Prdx1 regulates the action of the HEF1-Aurora A-HDAC6 signaling axis to promote the disassembly of primary cilia, and suppression of Prdx1 results in decreased tumor formation and tumor mass volume in vivo. Conclusions These results suggest that Prdx1 is a novel regulator of primary cilia formation in ESCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongzhen Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinmeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fanghua Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- The first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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21
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Yang H, Huang K. Dissecting the Vesicular Trafficking Function of IFT Subunits. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:352. [PMID: 32010685 PMCID: PMC6974671 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) was initially identified as a transport machine with multiple protein subunits, and it is essential for the assembly, disassembly, and maintenance of cilium/flagellum, which serves as the nexus of extracellular-to-intracellular signal integration. To date, in addition to its well-established and indispensable roles in ciliated cells, most IFT subunits have presented more general functions of vesicular trafficking in the non-ciliated cells. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent progress on the vesicular trafficking functions of the IFT subunits and to highlight the issues that may arise in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Hydrobiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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22
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Martínez-Hernández R, Serrano-Somavilla A, Ramos-Leví A, Sampedro-Nuñez M, Lens-Pardo A, Muñoz De Nova JL, Triviño JC, González MU, Torné L, Casares-Arias J, Martín-Cófreces NB, Sánchez-Madrid F, Marazuela M. Integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiling identifies novel targets and pathological mechanisms in autoimmune thyroid diseases. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:329-342. [PMID: 31735554 PMCID: PMC6921241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) remain elusive. Identification of such mechanisms would reveal novel and/or better therapeutic targets. Here, we use integrated analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs expression profiling to identify potential therapeutic targets involved in the mechanisms underlying AITD. Methods miRNA and mRNA from twenty fresh-frozen thyroid tissues (15 from AITD patients and 5 from healthy controls) were subjected to next-generation sequencing. An anti-correlated method revealed potential pathways and disease targets, including proteins involved in the formation of primary cilia. Thus, we examined the distribution and length of primary cilia in thyroid tissues from AITD and controls using immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, and parsed cilia formation in thyroid cell lines in response to inflammatory stimuli in the presence of miRNA mimics. Findings We found that the expression of miR-21-5p, miR-146b-3p, miR-5571-3p and miR-6503-3p was anti-correlated with Enolase 4 (ENO4), in-turned planar cell polarity protein (INTU), kinesin family member 27 (KIF27), parkin co-regulated (PACRG) and serine/threonine kinase 36 (STK36) genes. Functional classification of these miRNA/mRNAs revealed that their differential expression was associated with cilia organization. We demonstrated that the number and length of primary cilia in thyroid tissues was significantly lower in AITD than in control (frequency of follicular ciliated cells in controls = 67.54% vs a mean of 22.74% and 21.61% in HT and GD respectively p = 0.0001, by one-way ANOVA test). In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNFα) and specific miRNA mimics for the newly identified target genes affected cilia appearance in thyroid cell lines. Interpretation Integrated miRNA/gene expression analysis has identified abnormal ciliogenesis as a novel susceptibility pathway that is involved in the pathogenesis of AITD. These results reflect that ciliogenesis plays a relevant role in AITD, and opens research pathways to design therapeutic targets in AITD. Funding Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Comunidad de Madrid, Grupo Español de Tumores Neuroendocrinos y Endocrinos, Ministerio de Economía y Empresa and FEDER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramos-Leví
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sampedro-Nuñez
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lens-Pardo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Muñoz De Nova
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Ujue González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Lorena Torné
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Javier Casares-Arias
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científcas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa B Martín-Cófreces
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Fabbri L, Bost F, Mazure NM. Primary Cilium in Cancer Hallmarks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1336. [PMID: 30884815 PMCID: PMC6471594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a solitary, nonmotile and transitory appendage that is present in virtually all mammalian cells. Our knowledge of its ultrastructure and function is the result of more than fifty years of research that has dramatically changed our perspectives on the primary cilium. The mutual regulation between ciliogenesis and the cell cycle is now well-recognized, as well as the function of the primary cilium as a cellular "antenna" for perceiving external stimuli, such as light, odorants, and fluids. By displaying receptors and signaling molecules, the primary cilium is also a key coordinator of signaling pathways that converts extracellular cues into cellular responses. Given its critical tasks, any defects in primary cilium formation or function lead to a wide spectrum of diseases collectively called "ciliopathies". An emerging role of primary cilium is in the regulation of cancer development. In this review, we seek to describe the current knowledge about the influence of the primary cilium in cancer progression, with a focus on some of the events that cancers need to face to sustain survival and growth in hypoxic microenvironment: the cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Fabbri
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice, France.
| | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice, France.
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice, France.
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24
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Lee J, Yi S, Chang JY, Kim JT, Sul HJ, Park KC, Zhu X, Cheng SY, Kero J, Kim J, Shong M. Loss of Primary Cilia Results in the Development of Cancer in the Murine Thyroid Gland. Mol Cells 2019; 42:113-122. [PMID: 30622229 PMCID: PMC6399002 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Communications at the interface between the apical membrane of follicular cells and the follicular lumen are critical for the homeostasis of thyroid gland. Primary cilia at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells may sense follicular luminal environment and regulate follicular homeostasis, although their role in vivo remains to be determined. Here, mice devoid of primary cilia were generated by thyroid follicular epithelial cell-specific deletion of the gene encoding intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88 ). Thyroid follicular cell-specific Ift88-deficient mice showed normal folliculogenesis and hormonogenesis; however, those older than 7 weeks showed irregularly dilated and destroyed follicles in the thyroid gland. With increasing age, follicular cells with malignant properties showing the characteristic nuclear features of human thyroid carcinomas formed papillary and solid proliferative nodules from degenerated thyroid follicles. Furthermore, malignant tumor cells manifested as tumor emboli in thyroid vessels. These findings suggest that loss-of-function of Ift88/primary cilia results in malignant transformation from degenerated thyroid follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, MD 20892-4264,
USA
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, MD 20892-4264,
USA
| | - Jukka Kero
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku,
Finland
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34040,
Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
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25
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Kuonen F, Huskey NE, Shankar G, Jaju P, Whitson RJ, Rieger KE, Atwood SX, Sarin KY, Oro AE. Loss of Primary Cilia Drives Switching from Hedgehog to Ras/MAPK Pathway in Resistant Basal Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1439-1448. [PMID: 30707899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) rely on Hedgehog (HH) pathway growth signal amplification by the microtubule-based organelle, the primary cilium. Despite naive tumor responsiveness to Smoothened inhibitors (Smoi), resistance in advanced tumors remains common. Although the resistant BCCs usually maintain HH pathway activation, squamous cell carcinomas with Ras/MAPK pathway activation also arise, and the molecular basis of tumor type and pathway selection are still obscure. Here, we identify the primary cilium as a critical determinant controlling tumor pathway switching. Strikingly, Smoothened inhibitor-resistant BCCs have an increased mutational load in ciliome genes, resulting in reduced primary cilia and HH pathway activation compared with naive or Gorlin syndrome patient BCCs. Gene set enrichment analysis of resistant BCCs with a low HH pathway signature showed increased Ras/MAPK pathway activation. Tissue analysis confirmed an inverse relationship between primary cilia presence and Ras/MAPK activation, and primary cilia removal in BCCs potentiated Ras/MAPK pathway activation. Moreover, activating Ras in HH-responsive cell lines conferred resistance to both canonical (vismodegib) and noncanonical (atypical protein kinase C and MRTF inhibitors) HH pathway inhibitors and conferred sensitivity to MAPK inhibitors. Our results provide insights into BCC treatment and identify the primary cilium as an important lineage gatekeeper, preventing HH-to-Ras/MAPK pathway switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Kuonen
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Noelle E Huskey
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gautam Shankar
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Prajakta Jaju
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ramon J Whitson
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kerri E Rieger
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott X Atwood
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anthony E Oro
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
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