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Bae JE, Jang S, Kim JB, Hyung H, Park NY, Kim YH, Kim SH, Kim SH, Ha JM, Oh GS, Park K, Jeong K, Jang JS, Jo DS, Kim P, Lee HS, Ryoo ZY, Cho DH. Enhanced primary ciliogenesis via mitochondrial oxidative stress activates AKT to prevent neurotoxicity in HSPA9/mortalin-depleted SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Brain 2023; 16:41. [PMID: 37170364 PMCID: PMC10176837 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium, an antenna-like structure on the cell surface, acts as a mechanical and chemical sensory organelle. Primary cilia play critical roles in sensing the extracellular environment to coordinate various developmental and homeostatic signaling pathways. Here, we showed that the depletion of heat shock protein family A member 9 (HSPA9)/mortalin stimulates primary ciliogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. The downregulation of HSPA9 enhances mitochondrial stress by increasing mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation. Notably, the inhibition of either mtROS production or mitochondrial fission significantly suppressed the increase in primary ciliogenesis in HSPA9-depleted cells. In addition, enhanced primary ciliogenesis contributed to cell survival by activating AKT in SH-SY5Y cells. The abrogation of ciliogenesis through the depletion of IFT88 potentiated neurotoxicity in HSPA9-knockdown cells. Furthermore, both caspase-3 activation and cell death were increased by MK-2206, an AKT inhibitor, in HSPA9-depleted cells. Taken together, our results suggest that enhanced primary ciliogenesis plays an important role in preventing neurotoxicity caused by the loss of HSPA9 in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Bae
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Hyung
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Min Ha
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Seok Oh
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Bio-center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Bio-center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seon Jang
- Department of Bio-Medical Analysis, Bio Campus of Korea Polytechnic, Nonsan, Chungcheongnamdo, 32943, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Pansoo Kim
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon, Gyeonggido, 16229, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HJ, Kim SH, Kim YH, Kim SH, Oh GS, Bae JE, Kim JB, Park NY, Park K, Yeom E, Jeong K, Kim P, Jo DS, Cho DH. Nalfurafine Hydrochloride, a κ-Opioid Receptor Agonist, Induces Melanophagy via PKA Inhibition in B16F1 Cells. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010146. [PMID: 36611940 PMCID: PMC9818167 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy controls cellular homeostasis by degrading unnecessary or damaged cellular components. Melanosomes are specialized organelles that regulate the biogenesis, storage, and transport of melanin in melanocytes. However, the mechanisms underlying melanosomal autophagy, known as the melanophagy pathway, are poorly understood. To better understand the mechanism of melanophagy, we screened an endocrine-hormone chemical library and identified nalfurafine hydrochlorides, a κ-opioid receptor agonist, as a potent inducer of melanophagy. Treatment with nalfurafine hydrochloride increased autophagy and reduced melanin content in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-treated cells. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy blocked melanosomal degradation and reversed the nalfurafine hydrochloride-induced decrease in melanin content in α-MSH-treated cells. Consistently, treatment with other κ-opioid receptor agonists, such as MCOPPB or mianserin, inhibited excessive melanin production but induced autophagy in B16F1 cells. Furthermore, nalfurafine hydrochloride inhibited protein kinase A (PKA) activation, which was notably restored by forskolin, a PKA activator. Additionally, forskolin treatment further suppressed melanosomal degradation as well as the anti-pigmentation activity of nalfurafine hydrochloride in α-MSH-treated cells. Collectively, our data suggest that stimulation of κ-opioid receptors induces melanophagy by inhibiting PKA activation in α-MSH-treated B16F1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Jung Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Seok Oh
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Bae
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Park
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Bio-center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Gyeonggido, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Bio-center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Gyeonggido, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Pansoo Kim
- Bio-center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Gyeonggido, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (D.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-53-950-5382 (D.S.J. & D.-H.C.)
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- OGASIS Corp. 260, Changyong-daero, Yongtong-gu, Suwon 08826, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (D.-H.C.); Tel.: +82-53-950-5382 (D.S.J. & D.-H.C.)
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Park HJ, Jo DS, Choi H, Bae JE, Park NY, Kim JB, Choi JY, Kim YH, Oh GS, Chang JH, Kim HJ, Cho DH. Melasolv induces melanosome autophagy to inhibit pigmentation in B16F1 cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239019. [PMID: 32941497 PMCID: PMC7498095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanosome is a specialized membrane-bound organelle that is involved in melanin synthesis, storage, and transportation. In contrast to melanosome biogenesis, the processes underlying melanosome degradation remain largely unknown. Autophagy is a process that promotes degradation of intracellular components' cooperative process between autophagosomes and lysosomes, and its role for process of melanosome degradation remains unclear. Here, we assessed the regulation of autophagy and its contributions to depigmentation associated with Melasolv (3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate thymol ester). B16F1 cells-treated with Melasolv suppressed the α-MSH-stimulated increase of melanin content and resulted in the activation of autophagy. However, introduction of bafilomycin A1 strongly suppressed melanosome degradation in Melasolv-treated cells. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy by ATG5 resulted in significant suppression of Melasolv-mediated depigmentation in α-MSH-treated cells. Taken together, our results suggest that treatment with Melasolv inhibits skin pigmentation by promoting melanosome degradation via autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Park
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Bae
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Na Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Seok Oh
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Department of Biology Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJK); (DHC)
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJK); (DHC)
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Oh GS, Pae HO, Choi BM, Lee HS, Kim IK, Yun YG, Kim JD, Chung HT. Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose inhibits phorbol myristate acetate-induced interleukin-8 [correction of intereukin-8] gene expression in human monocytic U937 cells through its inactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 4:377-86. [PMID: 15037215 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2003.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2003] [Revised: 06/19/2003] [Accepted: 10/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the gallotannin penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose (PGG) on interleukin (IL)-8 gene expression and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. PGG inhibited IL-8 production and gene expression in human monocytic U937 cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. PGG also inhibited PMA-mediated NF-kappaB activation, as measured by electromobility shift assay. Furthermore, PGG prevented PMA-mediated degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitory protein I-kappaBalpha, as measured by Western blot analysis. PGG also inhibited both IL-8 production and NF-kappaB activation in the U937 cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These results suggest that PGG, a major constituent of the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa ANDREWS, can inhibit IL-8 gene expression by a mechanism involving its inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, which is dependent on I-kappaBalpha degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan-Shi, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Oh GS, Pae HO, Chung HT, Kwon JW, Lee JH, Kwon TO, Kwon SY, Chon BH, Yun YG. Dehydrocostus lactone enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004; 26:163-75. [PMID: 15209353 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120037712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones have raised considerable interest because of their ability to block the activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). NF-kappaB plays an important role in the resistance of cancer cells to the induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Pharmacological inhibition of NF-kappaB offers the promise of enhancing the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Here, we demonstrate that dehydrocostus lactone (DL), the major sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the roots of Saussurea lappa, inhibits NF-kappaB activation by preventing TNF-alpha-induced degradation and phosphorylation of its inhibitory protein I-kappaB alpha in human leukemia HL-60 cells and that DL renders HL-60 cells susceptible to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis by enhancing caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Yun YG, Oh H, Oh GS, Pae HO, Choi BM, Kwon JW, Kwon TO, Jang SI, Chung HT. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Mokko Lactone in Human Leukemia HL‐60 Cells: Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death by Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Collapse. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004; 26:343-53. [PMID: 15518169 DOI: 10.1081/iph-200026863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of mokko lactone (ML) isolated from the roots of Saussurea lappa (Compositae), a plant that is used for medicinal purposes in Korea, on the induction of apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. ML was cytotoxic to HL-60 cells, and this cytotoxic effect of ML appears to be attributable to its induction of apoptotic cell death, as ML induced nuclear morphologic changes and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and increased the proportion of Annexin V-positive cells and the activity of caspase-3. Further studies revealed that the induction of apoptosis by ML was associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Collectively, our results suggest that apoptosis induced by ML in HL-60 cells was executed by a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential followed by the activation of caspase-3. This is the first report on the mechanism of apoptosis-inducing effect of ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Yun
- Department of Prescription, Wonkwang University School of Oriental Medicine, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Oh GS, Pae HO, Choi BM, Seo EA, Kim DH, Shin MK, Kim JD, Kim JB, Chung HT. 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol, one of ginsenoside metabolites, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions through inactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Cancer Lett 2004; 205:23-9. [PMID: 15036657 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2003] [Accepted: 09/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng are metabolized by human intestinal bacteria after oral administration of ginseng extract. 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol (PPT) is one of the major metabolites of ginsenosides. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are important enzymes that mediate inflammatory processes. Improper up-regulation of iNOS and/or COX-2 has been associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and certain types of human cancers. Here, we investigated whether PPT could modulate iNOS and COX-2 expressions in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that PPT blocked the increase in LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions through inactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB by preventing I-kappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation. Thus, it may be possible to develop PPT as a useful agent for chemoprevention of cancer or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Oh
- Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Pae HO, Oh GS, Choi BM, Shin S, Chai KY, Oh H, Kim JM, Kim HJ, Jang SI, Chung HT. Inhibitory effects of the stem bark of Catalpa ovata G. Don. (Bignoniaceae) on the productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide by the lipopolisaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 88:287-291. [PMID: 12963157 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to validate the use of the stem bark of Catalpa ovata G. Don. (Bignoniaceae) as an anti-inflammatory drug in the traditional Korean medicine, we have investigated the effects of the methanol extract of this folk medicine on the productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) on RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. The extract inhibited the productions of TNF-alpha and NO with significant decreases in mRNA levels of TNF-alpha and inducible NO synthase, suggesting that the stem bark of Catalpa ovata may have therapeutic potential in the control of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Pae
- Medicinal Resources Research Center, Wonkwang University, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Pae HO, Oh GS, Choi BM, Seo EA, Oh H, Shin MK, Kim TH, Kwon TO, Chung HT. Induction of apoptosis by 4-acetyl-12,13-epoxyl-9-trichothecene-3,15-diol from Isaria japonica Yasuda through intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and caspase-3 activation in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2003; 17:49-57. [PMID: 12537962 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(02)00097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently we have reported that the trichothecene mycotoxin 4-acetyl-12,13-epoxyl-9-trichothecene-3,15-diol (AETD) from the fruiting bodies of Isaria japonica Yasuda is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells. The present study aims to characterize the molecular events leading to AETD-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells (annexin-V-positive cell population) increased dose- and time-dependently after AETD exposure. Apoptosis of HL-60 cells by AETD was associated with the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and the activation of caspase-3. Pretreating the cells with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC) and the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-fmk abrogated AETD-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. NAC blocked intracellular ROS formation and GSH depletion, but Z-DEVD-fmk did not. These results indicate that AETD induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells by causing intracellular ROS formation and GSH depletion followed by the downstream event of caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Pae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan-Shi, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Kwak HJ, Pae HO, Oh GS, Choi BM, Jang SI, Jung S, Chung HT. Molsidomine ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2003; 25:41-52. [PMID: 12675198 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120018282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune CD4+ T cell-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in preventing the development of EAE. Molsidomine (Mol) is a drug used for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Its therapeutic effects are the consequences of NO formation. In this study, we investigated the effects of Mol on EAE development in myelin basic protein (MBP)-immunized Lewis rats. All rats immunized with MBP developed typical clinical signs of acute EAE. In the EAE rats receiving Mol, the severity of clinical signs and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in CNS were clearly reduced. Furthermore, Mol administration significantly reduced the production of interferon-gamma, a Th1 inflammatory cytokine, but increased the production of interleukin-10, a Th2 anti-inflammatory cytokine. Our findings suggest that the administration of the exogenous NO donor Mol is of considerable benefit in limiting the development of EAE and other Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kwak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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Oh GS, Pae HO, Choi BM, Jeong S, Oh H, Oh CS, Rho YD, Kim DH, Shin MK, Chung HT. Inhibitory effects of the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa on interleukin-8 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 secretions in U937 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 84:85-89. [PMID: 12499080 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of mudanpi, the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (Ranunculaceae), we determined the effects of the methanolic extract of mudanpi (MEM) on the secretions of interleukin (IL)-8, a major mediator of acute neutrophil-mediated inflammation, and macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a major mediator of chronic macrophage-mediated inflammation, in human monocytic U937 cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). MEM significantly inhibited PMA-induced secretions of IL-8 and MCP-1 proteins in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of these chemokines by MEM was due to its suppression of IL-8 and MCP-1 genes. In addition, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose, one of major constituents isolated from MEM, inhibited PMA-induced secretions of IL-8 and MCP-1 proteins by its suppression of IL-8 and MCP-1 genes. Thus, one possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of mudanpi, an anti-inflammatory Chinese crude drug, may be to inhibit the secretions of inflammatory chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan-Shi, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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An SJ, Pae HO, Oh GS, Choi BM, Jeong S, Jang SI, Oh H, Kwon TO, Song CE, Chung HT. Inhibition of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 productions and NF-kappa B activation in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by catalposide, an iridoid glycoside isolated from Catalpa ovata G. Don (Bignoniaceae). Int Immunopharmacol 2002; 2:1173-81. [PMID: 12349954 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Catalposide, the major iridoid glycoside isolated from the stem bark of Catalpa ovata G. Don (Bignoniaceae), was found to inhibit the productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Catalposide also inhibited the expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 genes and the nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that catalposide suppressed the binding of FITC-conjugated LPS to CD14 on the surface of cells, probably resulting in the inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 productions and NF-kappaB activation. These findings suggest that catalposide could be an attractive candidate for adjunctive therapy in gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J An
- Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbug, South Korea
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Pae HO, Oh GS, Kim NY, Shin MK, Lee HS, Yun YG, Oh H, Kim YM, Chung HT. Roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in apoptosis of human monoblastic leukemia U937 cells by lectin-II isolated from Korean mistletoe. In Vitr Mol Toxicol 2002; 14:99-106. [PMID: 11690563 DOI: 10.1089/10979330152560496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members have been implicated in cell survival. We have previously demonstrated that cytotoxic lectin-II isolated from Korean mistletoe induces apoptotic cell death in the human monoblastic leukemia cell line, U937, via the activation of the stress-activated protein kinases/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK). In the present study, the roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK in lectin-II-induced apoptosis have been investigated. Treatment of U937 cells with lectin-II resulted in apoptotic DNA fragmentation, which was preceded by the activation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK. This lectin-II-induced DNA fragmentation was significantly enhanced when ERK1/2 activation was selectively inhibited by PD098059. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, which stimulates ERK activity in U937 cells, markedly reduced lectin-II-induced DNA fragmentation. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activity with p38-specific inhibitor, SB203580, partially inhibited lectin-II-induced DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK may have opposite effects on cell survival in response to cytotoxic mistletoe lectin-II, which may contribute to the modulation of lectin-II-mediated cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Pae
- Medicinal Resources Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbug 570-749, South Korea
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14
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Seo WG, Pae HO, Oh GS, Chai KY, Yun YG, Chung HT, Jang KK, Kwon TO. Ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of Cudrania tricuspidata induces apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Am J Chin Med 2002; 29:313-20. [PMID: 11527073 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x01000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is now widely accepted as playing a role in tumorigenesis. An effective compound which can kill tumors via apoptotic pathway appears to be a relevant strategy to suppress various human tumors. The ethyl acetate extract from the stem bark of Cudrania tricuspidata (EACT) showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects on human leukemia HL-60 cells. DNA fragmentation and morphological changes, accompanied by condensed and fragmented nuclei, were observed in the cells cultured for 6 hr with EACT. These results suggest that the cytotoxicity of the crude extract from Cudrania tricuspidata against HL-60 cells is due to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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15
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Park JH, Lee SW, Kim IT, Shin BS, Cheong SW, Cho UH, Huh MJ, Oh GS. TCDD-up-regulation of IGFBP-6 and IL-5R alpha subunit genes in vivo and in vitro. Mol Cells 2001; 12:372-9. [PMID: 11804338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the potent environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been well known for its immunosuppressive activity, the mechanisms of its action have been difficult to elucidate. This is partly due to its inability to exert its effects in vitro. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of TCDD effects, we screened for genes that are regulated by the in vivo TCDD treatment of mice that are challenged with allogeneic tumor cells. RNA, collected from lymphoid organs including the thymus, draining lymph nodes, and bone marrow, was reverse-transcribed to cDNA and hybridized to DNA arrays that consisted of 588 genes (ClonTech, USA). The expression of the NF-kappaB p65, c-jun, and p27(Kip1) genes was increased by the TCDD treatment, as previously reported. In addition, we found that the expression of several genes, which were not reported as regulated by TCDD, were modulated by TCDD. Some genes, including insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) and IL-5R alpha, were upregulated; while other genes, including CD14, were down-regulated. The expression of the IGFBP-6 and IL-5R alpha subunit genes by TCDD in the thymus was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Furthermore, TCDD effects on the expression of the IGFBP-6 gene was also observed with EL4 mouse thymoma cells. This suggests that IGFBP-6 may be involved in thymic atrophy, and EL4 cells may be used as an in vitro model for studying molecular mechanisms of thymic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Korea.
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16
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Oh GS, Pae HO, Oh H, Hong SG, Kim IK, Chai KY, Yun YG, Kwon TO, Chung HT. In vitro anti-proliferative effect of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, SK-HEP-1 cells. Cancer Lett 2001; 174:17-24. [PMID: 11675148 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The root of Paeonia suffruticosa ANDREWS is an important Chinese crude drug used in many traditional prescriptions. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG), a major component of this crude drug, was found to exhibit in vitro growth-inhibiting effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, SK-HEP-1 cells. The growth-inhibitory effect was related to the ability of PGG not only to cause a G(0)/G(1) phase arrest but also to suppress the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. Neither apoptosis nor necrosis was observed in the cells treated with PGG. These findings suggest that PGG could be a candidate for developing a low-toxic anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Oh
- Medicinal Resources Research Center (MRRC) of Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Chonbuk, South Korea
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17
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Pae HO, Oh GS, Seo WG, Shin MK, Hong SG, Lee HS, Chung HT. Mistletoe lectin synergizes with paclitaxel in human SK-hep1 hepatocarcinoma cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2001; 23:531-40. [PMID: 11792012 DOI: 10.1081/iph-100108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The effect of mistletoe lectin I (ML-I), an inhibitor of ribosomal protein synthesis, on the in vitro cytotoxicity of a clinically important anticancer drug, paclitaxel, was studied on cultured human hepatocarcinoma SK-Hep1 cells using the microculture tetrazolium test. The interaction between these two agents was analyzed for true synergism using the ED50 isobologram. Synergism was observed in the simultaneous treatment of the cells with ML-I in combination with paclitaxel. In addition, 24-h exposure of the cells to a non-toxic dose of ML-I and lower toxic doses of paclitaxel in combination resulted in apoptotic cell death, as observed by agarose-gel electrophoresis of low-molecular-weight DNA and DNA flow cytometry. Thus, the results presented here indicate the potential clinical usefulness of ML-I combination therapy with paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Pae
- Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea
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18
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Pae HO, Cho H, Oh GS, Kim NY, Song EK, Kim YC, Yun YG, Kang CL, Kim JD, Kim JM, Chung HT. Bakuchiol from Psoralea corylifolia inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene via the inactivation of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:1849-55. [PMID: 11562076 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H O Pae
- Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbug, South Korea
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19
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Oh GS, Pae HO, Seo WG, Shin MK, Kim IK, Chai KY, Yun YG, Kwon TO, Lim JS, Chung HT. Inhibitory effect of retinoic acid on expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in l929 cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2001; 23:335-42. [PMID: 11694025 DOI: 10.1081/iph-100107334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been known to be associated with excess synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Retinoids have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism by which they can elicit this activity is poorly understood. The effects of retinoids on NO synthesis and iNOS gene expression in murine fibroblast L929 cells were examined. Treatment of the cells with interferon-y resulted in excess NO synthesis and iNOS gene expression. All-trans-retinoic acid significantly inhibited NO synthesis and iNOS gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, 9-cis-retinoic acid also inhibited NO synthesis, but retinol did not show any inhibitory effect on NO synthesis. These findings suggest that the modulation of iNOS gene expression is another possible pathway by which retinoids may function as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Oh
- Medicinal Resources Research Center Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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20
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Oh H, Oh GS, Seo WG, Pae HO, Chai KY, Kwon TO, Lee YH, Chung HT, Lee HS. Prunioside A: a new terpene glycoside from Spiraea prunifolia. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:942-944. [PMID: 11473429 DOI: 10.1021/np0005513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Prunioside A (1) has been isolated from an EtOAc-soluble extract of Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora by a combination of chromatographic techniques. The structure was determined primarily by extensive NMR experiments. Compound 1 is a unique terpene glycoside. Its acetylated derivative (1a) inhibited nitric oxide production in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Oh
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, and Medicinal Resources Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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21
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Oh GS, Hong KH, Oh H, Pae HO, Kim IK, Kim NY, Kwon TO, Shin MK, Chung HT. 4-Acetyl-12,13-epoxyl-9-trichothecene-3,15-diol isolated from the fruiting bodies of Isariajaponica Yasuda induces apoptosis of human leukemia cells (HL-60). Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:785-9. [PMID: 11456118 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fruiting bodies of Isaria fungi have been traditionally used in Korea to treat cancer. An apoptosis-inducing compound, 4-acetyl-12,13-epoxyl-9-trichothecene-3,15-diol, was isolated from the methanol extract of fruiting bodies of Isaria japonica Yasuda by bioassay-guided fractionation. The apoptosis of the human leukemia cells (HL-60) by the compound was accessed by propidium iodide-staining flow cytometric analysis, and apoptosis-inducing activity at IC50 concentration (10 nmol/l) was further confirmed by a nuclear morphological change, a ladder pattern of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and an activation of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Oh
- Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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22
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Seo WG, Pae HO, Oh GS, Chai KY, Kwon TO, Yun YG, Kim NY, Chung HT. Inhibitory effects of methanol extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes on nitric oxide and superoxide productions by murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 76:59-64. [PMID: 11378282 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus (C. rotundus) have been used in oriental traditional medicines for the treatment of stomach and bowel disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2-) are important mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. This study was undertaken to address whether the metanol (MeOH) extract of rhizomes of C. rotundus could modulate NO and O2- productions by murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. The MeOH extract of rhizomes of C. rotundus showed the inhibition of NO production in a dose-dependent manner by RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with interferon-gamma plus lipopolysaccharide. The inhibition of NO production by the extract was due to the suppression of iNOS protein, as well as iNOS mRNA expression, determined by Western and Northern blotting analyses, respectively. In addition, the MeOH extract suppressed the production of O2- by phorbol ester-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Collectively, these results suggest that the MeOH extract of rhizomes of C. rotundus could be developed as anti-inflammatory candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases mediated by overproduction of NO and O2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 570-749, Chonbuk, South Korea
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23
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Seo WG, Pae HO, Oh GS, Kim NY, Kwon TO, Shin MK, Chai KY, Chung HT. The aqueous extract of Rhodiola sachalinensis root enhances the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in RAW264.7 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 76:119-123. [PMID: 11378293 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effects of the aqueous extract of Rhodiola sachalinensis root (RSE) on the expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) gene in RAW264.7 macrophages. RSE synergistically increased NO synthesis in interferon-gamma-primed macrophages. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting analysis revealed that RSE may provide a second triggering signal for the synergistic induction of iNOS mRNA expression. Thus, iNOS-mediated NO synthesis in response to RSE may be one mechanism whereby this herbal medicine elicits its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 570-749, Chonbuk, South Korea
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24
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Kim NY, Pae HO, Oh GS, Kang TH, Kim YC, Rhew HY, Chung HT. Butein, a plant polyphenol, induces apoptosis concomitant with increased caspase-3 activity, decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression in HL-60 cells. Pharmacol Toxicol 2001; 88:261-6. [PMID: 11393587 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2001.d01-114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we have investigated whether butein could induce apoptosis in human leukaemic HL-60 cells. The treatment of HL-60 cells with butein induced apoptotic cell death as determined by morphological and biochemical changes. Apoptotic DNA fragments in the butein-treated HL-60 cells were increased gradually as determined by flow cytometric analysis. The caspase-3 activity was increased during butein-induced apoptosis. However, caspase-3 inhibitor abrogated the butein-induced DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, the treatment of HL-60 cells with butein decreased the expression of Bcl-2 protein, but increased the expression of Bax protein. These results suggest that butein-induced apoptosis is mediated through the activation of caspase-3 and it is associated with changed expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University Medical School and Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Chonbuk, Korea
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25
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Oh GS, Pae HO, Seo WG, Kim NY, Pyun KH, Kim IK, Shin M, Chung HT. Capsazepine, a vanilloid receptor antagonist, inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages through the inactivation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:777-84. [PMID: 11357890 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High amounts of nitric oxide (NO) production following the induction of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Capsaicin, a vanilloid receptor agonist, is known to have an inhibitory effect on NO production in macrophages. In the present study, we have found that capsazepine (CAPZ), a vanilloid receptor antagonist, also inhibited NO and iNOS protein syntheses induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophages via the suppression of iNOS mRNA. The mechanistic studies showed that CAPZ inhibited the expression of iNOS mRNA through the inactivation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). Thus, capsazepine may be a useful candidate for the development of a drug to treat inflammatory diseases related to iNOS gene overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Oh
- Medicinal Resources Research Center (MRRC), Wonkwang University, Chonbuk, South Korea
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26
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Pae HO, Seo WG, Kim NY, Oh GS, Kim GE, Kim YH, Kwak HJ, Yun YG, Jun CD, Chung HT. Induction of granulocytic differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) by water-soluble chitosan oligomer. Leuk Res 2001; 25:339-46. [PMID: 11248331 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble chitosan oligomer (WSCO) has been reported to have anticancer activity, immuno-enhancing effect and antimicrobial activity. However, other biological activities are unknown. Herein, we have shown that WSCO is able to inhibit proliferation of human leukemia HL-60 cells and induce these cells to differentiate. Treatment with WSCO for 4 days resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction in HL-60 cell growth as measured by cell counting and MTT assay. This effect was accompanied by a marked increase in the proportion of G(0)/G(1) cells as measured by flow cytometry. WSCO also induced differentiation of the cells as measured by phorbol ester-dependent reduction of NBT, morphological changes as examined by Wright-Giemsa staining and expression of CD11b but not of CD14 as analysed by flow cytometry, indicating differentiation of HL-60 cells toward granulocyte-like cells. A combination of low dose of WSCO with all-trans retinoic acid, a differentiating agent toward granulocyte-like cells, exhibited a synergistic effect on the differentiation. In addition, treatment of HL-60 cells with WSCO for 6 or 8 days resulted in the induction of apoptosis as assayed qualitatively by agarose gel electrophoresis and quantitatively by Annexin V technique using flow cytometry. Collectively, there is a potential for WSCO in the treatment of myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Pae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 570-749, Chonbuk, South Korea
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27
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Pae HO, Seo WG, Oh GS, Kim NY, Kim YM, Kwon TO, Shin MK, Chai KY, Chung HT. Rhodiola sachalinesis induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene by murine fetal hepatocytes (BNL CL.2). Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2001; 23:25-33. [PMID: 11322646 DOI: 10.1081/iph-100102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the effect of the aqueous extract of Rhodiola sachalinensis root (RSE), a traditional herbal medicine, on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in murine fetal hepatocytes (BNL CL.2) by measuring the stable end-product nitrite and the mRNA of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by itself failed to induce NO synthesis in BNL CL.2 cells. RSE also did not elicit NO synthesis at concentrations up to 1,000 microg/ml, but dose- and time-dependently induced NO synthesis in the presence of IFN-gamma in BNL CL.2 cells. Whereas RSE or IFN-gamma failed to induce detectable levels of iNOS mRNA, a combination of RSE and IFN-gamma markedly induced iNOS mRNA in BNL CL.2 cells. Thus, we found that RSE triggered IFN-gamma-primed BNL CL.2 cells to synthesize NO by inducing iNOS gene expression. The capability of RSE to induce NO synthesis might be related to the therapeutic efficacy of RSE on the liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Pae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Medicinal Resources Research Center, Chonbuk, South Korea
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28
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Abstract
Neolitsea sericea (Bl.) Koidz. (Lauraceae) is a dioecious, insect-pollinated, and broad-leaved evergreen tree with bird-dispersed seeds. We used allozyme loci, F-statistics, and spatial autocorrelation statistics (Moran's I ) to examine the changes in genetic structure among five age classes within a study population (60 m x 100 m area) in southern Korea. No significant differences in expected heterozygosity were found among the age classes. The mean F-values averaged over loci were similar among age classes and showed overall conformance of heterozygosities with Hardy-Weinberg proportions. Differences in allelic frequencies among age classes were small (mean G(ST)=0.012), and statistically significant only for one locus (Pgd-2). The mean Moran's I-values for each of five age classes indicated essentially random spatial distribution. The homogeneity of genetic structure and genetic diversity among the five age classes may reflect the occurrence of similar reproductive events, year after year. The results may reflect the attractive red drupes of N. sericea in that they cause various frugivorous birds to disperse the seed long distances and independently, which in turn may help N. sericea maintain higher levels of genetic diversity within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Chung
- Department of Biology, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, The Republic of Korea.
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29
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Pae HO, Seo WG, Oh GS, Shin MK, Lee HS, Lee HS, Kim SB, Chung HT. Potentiation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis by mistletoe lectin. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2000; 22:697-709. [PMID: 11105782 DOI: 10.3109/08923970009016433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mistletoe lectins (MLs) constitute the active principle in extract preparations from mistletoe, commonly used as immunomodulator in adjuvant tumor therapy. MLs, classified as type II ribosome inactivating proteins, inhibit protein synthesis. Inhibitors of protein synthesis may modify cancer cell response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). In the present study, we have hypothesized that the anticancer efficacy of TNF may be potentiated by MLs. In deed, simultaneous treatment of human cervix carcinoma HeLa or breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells with MLs isolated from European or Korean mistletoe rendered them more sensitive to induction of apoptosis by TNF. The mechanism by which MLs amplify the effect of TNF may involve suppression of the survival protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Pae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
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30
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Seo WG, Pae HO, Kim NY, Oh GS, Park IS, Kim YH, Kim YM, Lee YH, Jun CD, Chung HT. Synergistic cooperation between water-soluble chitosan oligomers and interferon-gamma for induction of nitric oxide synthesis and tumoricidal activity in murine peritoneal macrophages. Cancer Lett 2000; 159:189-95. [PMID: 10996731 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of water-soluble chitosan oligomers (WSCO) on the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by murine peritoneal macrophages and on macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity towards murine fibrosarcoma Meth A cells were investigated. WSCO alone had no effect on NO synthesis and killing of tumor cells. However, treatment of macrophages with a combination of WSCO and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) synergically increased NO synthesis and enhanced killing of tumor cells. The synergism between IFN-gamma and WSCO in NO synthesis and tumoricidal activity was mainly dependent on increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by WSCO.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Chitin/analogs & derivatives
- Chitin/pharmacology
- Chitosan
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/drug effects
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
- Solubility
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Seo WG, Pae HO, Oh GS, Chai KY, Yun YG, Kwon TO, Chung HT. Inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction from Cudrania tricuspidata on the expression of nitric oxide synthase gene in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. Gen Pharmacol 2000; 35:21-8. [PMID: 11679202 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(01)00086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was found that the production of nitric oxide (NO) by RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be markedly inhibited by the ethyl-acetate-soluble fraction of 80% aqueous methanolic extract of stem barks of Cudrania tricuspidata (EACT). Inhibition of NO production was achieved by reducing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression at protein and mRNA levels and by inactivating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), but not by inhibiting iNOS activity. Thus, further phytochemical and pharmacological studies may lead to isolation and structural identification of an inhibitor of iNOS from C. tricuspidata, which has been used as a traditional medicine for curing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan-shi, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Pae HO, Kim HG, Paik YS, Paik SG, Kim YM, Oh GS, Chung HT. Nitric oxide protects murine embryonic liver cells (BNL CL.2) from cytotoxicity induced by glucose deprivation. Pharmacol Toxicol 2000; 86:140-4. [PMID: 10752673 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-26.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects of nitric oxide on cell death of murine embryonic liver cells (BNL CL.2) after glucose deprivation. Endogenous nitric oxide production by BNL CL.2 cells was induced by 6 hr pretreatment with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. We used sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-L-glutathione as exogenous nitric oxide-generating compounds. All agents were used at doses that did not show direct cytotoxicity as measured by crystal violet staining assay. In the BNL CL.2 cells, the viability dropped very steeply after 24 hr incubation with glucose-free media. Endogenous nitric oxide produced by treatment of the cells with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide protected the cells from glucose deprivation-induced cytotoxicity, but did not protect them in the presence of the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. Exogenous nitric oxide protected the cells from glucose deprivation-induced cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytoprotection by nitric oxide donors was abolished by the use of nitric oxide scavenger, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazole, but not by the soluble guanosine cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one. In addition, cytoprotective effects comparable to endogenous or exogenous nitric oxide were not observed when the cells were incubated with dibutyl guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. Based upon these results, we suggest that nitric oxide may enhance the cell survival of BNL CL.2 cells after glucose deprivation via a guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Pae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Medicinal Resources Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbug, Korea
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Choi BM, Park R, Pae HO, Yoo JC, Kim YC, Jun CD, Jung BH, Oh GS, So HS, Kim YM, Chung HT. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate inhibits ursolic acid-induced apoptosis via activation of protein kinase A in human leukaemic HL-60 cells. Pharmacol Toxicol 2000; 86:53-8. [PMID: 10728914 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-10.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of cAMP on ursolic acid-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Ursolic acid decreased the viability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was revealed as an apototic process characterized by ladder-pattern DNA fragmentation in agarose gel electrophoresis and segmented nuclei in DAPI-sulpharhodamin 101 staining. Ursolic acid-induced apoptosis of the cells was markedly inhibited by the addition of cAMP-elevating agents including DB-cAMP, CPT-cAMP, 8-Br-cAMP and forskolin. These results were further evidenced by the fact that inhibitors of cAMP-dependent protein kinase including H89 and KT5720 completely inhibited the cAMP-mediated rescue of HL-60 cells from ursolic acid-induced apoptosis. In addition, differentiating agents of the cells such as dimethyl sulfoxide and retinoic acid did not affect the ursolic acid-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. These results suggest that signaling pathway of cAMP-dependent activation of protein kinase A may affect the responsiveness of tumor cells upon ursolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chonbuk, Korea
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Sau CW, Oh GS, Koh H, Chee CS, Lim CC. Shear bond strength of repaired composite resins using a hybrid composite resin. Oper Dent 1999; 24:156-61. [PMID: 10530277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The shear bond strength of different types of composite resins repaired with a hybrid composite was evaluated. The hybrid composite resin was repaired with itself as a control. The results of this study showed that the shear bond strength of the repair with most types of composite resins was minimally adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Sau
- National University of Singapore, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Singapore
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Oh GS. [Obstetric nursing and pediatric nursing: developmental assessment of children]. Taehan Kanho 1978; 17:55-9. [PMID: 250569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Oh GS. [New trends in obstetrical and pediatric nursing]. Taehan Kanho 1977; 16:101-6. [PMID: 269984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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