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Nam S, Lee Y. HIF1A protein expression is correlated with clinical features in gastric cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13736. [PMID: 38877062 PMCID: PMC11178933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the correlation of HIF1A with clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with gastric cancer (GC), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for studies on GC and HIF1A, covering studies published until January 31st, 2022. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for clinical characteristics based on high and low HIF1A protein levels. We used random-effects and fixed-effects meta-analysis methods to determine mean effect sizes of ORs and evaluated publication heterogeneity with τ2, I2, and Q values. Additionally, we generated funnel plots to inspect publication bias. Our meta-analysis included 20 publications with 3416 GC patients to estimate the association between high or low HIF1A expression and clinical characteristics. Positive HIF1A expression was significantly associated with T stage progression (OR: 2.46; 95% CI 1.81-3.36; P < 0.01), TNM stage progression (OR: 2.50; 95% CI 1.61-3.87; P < 0.01), lymph node metastasis (OR: 2.06; 95% CI 1.44-2.94; P < 0.01), undifferentiated status (OR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.45-2.32; P < 0.01), M stage progression (OR: 2.34; 95% CI 1.46-3.77; P < 0.01), Borrmann stage progression (OR: 1.48; 95% CI 1.02-2.15; P = 0.04), larger tumor size (OR: 1.27; 95% CI 1.06-1.52; P < 0.01), vascular invasion (OR: 1.94; 95% CI 1.38-2.72; P < 0.01), and higher vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression (OR: 2.61; 95% CI 1.79-3.80; P < 0.01) in our meta-analysis. GC Patients highly expressing HIF1A protein might be prone to tumor progression, poorly differentiated GC cell types, and a high VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 38-13, 3Beon-gil Dokjeom-ro, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeeun Lee
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 38-13, 3Beon-gil Dokjeom-ro, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kuwata T. Molecular classification and intratumoral heterogeneity of gastric adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 2024. [PMID: 38651937 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancers frequently harbor striking histological complexity and diversity between lesions as well as within single lesions, known as inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, respectively. The latest World Health Organization Classification of Tumors designated more than 30 histological subtypes for gastric epithelial tumors, assigning 12 subtypes for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAD). Meanwhile, recent advances in genome-wide analyses have provided molecular aspects to the histological classification of GAD, and consequently revealed different molecular traits underlying these histological subtypes. Moreover, accumulating knowledge of comprehensive molecular profiles has led to establishing molecular classifications of GAD, which are often associated with clinical biomarkers for therapeutics and prognosis. However, most of our knowledge of GAD molecular profiles is based on inter-tumoral heterogeneity, and the molecular profiles underlying intratumoral heterogeneity are yet to be determined. In this review, recently established molecular classifications of GAD are introduced in the aspect of pathological diagnosis and are discussed in the context of intratumoral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kuwata
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Xu J, Yu B, Wang F, Yang J. Xenograft and organoid models in developing precision medicine for gastric cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:41. [PMID: 38390969 PMCID: PMC10919760 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), a highly heterogeneous disease, has diverse histological and molecular subtypes. For precision medicine, well‑characterized models encompassing the full spectrum of subtypes are necessary. Patient‑derived tumor xenografts and organoids serve as important preclinical models in GC research. The main advantage of these models is the retention of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity present in parental tumor tissues. Utilizing diverse sequencing techniques and preclinical models for GC research facilitates accuracy in predicting personalized clinical responses to anti‑cancer treatments. The present review summarizes the latest advances of these two preclinical models in GC treatment and drug response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bixin Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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4
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu W, Lei T, Qiao T, Feng W, Song W. CircGLIS3 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating the miR-1343-3p/PGK1 pathway and inhibiting vimentin phosphorylation. J Transl Med 2024; 22:251. [PMID: 38459513 PMCID: PMC10921581 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been proved to play crucial roles in the development of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of circGLIS3 involved in gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. METHODS The higher expression level of circGLIS3 was identified in GC through RNA sequencing and subsequent tissue verification using Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A series of functional experiments in vitro and in vivo were performed to evaluated the effects of circGLIS3 on tumor growth and metastasis in GC. The interaction and regulation of circGLIS3/miR-1343-3p/PGK1 axis was confirmed by RNA pulldown, western blot, and rescue experiments. RIP and western blot were performed to demonstrate the role of circGLIS3 in regulating phosphorylation of VIMENTIN. We then used qRT-PCR and co culture system to trace circGLIS3 transmission via exosomal communication and identify the effect of exosomal circGLIS3 on gastric cancer and macrophages. Finally, RIP experiments were used to determine that EIF4A3 regulates circGLIS3 expression. RESULTS CircGLIS3(hsa_circ_0002874) was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and high circGLIS3 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in GC patients. We discovered that overexpression of circGLIS3 promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and in vivo, while suppression of circGLIS3 exhibited the opposite effect. Mechanistically, circGLIS3 could sponge miR-1343-3p and up-regulate the expression of PGK1 to promote GC tumorigenesis. We also found that circGLIS3 reduced the phosphorylation of VIMENTIN at ser 83 site by binding with VIMENTIN. Moreover, it was proven that exosomal circGLIS3 could promote gastric cancer metastasis and the M2 type polarization of macrophages. In the final step, the mechanism of EIF4A3 regulating the generation of circGLIS3 was determined. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that circGLIS3 promotes GC progression through sponging miR-1343-3p and regulating VIMENTIN phosphorylation. CircGLIS3 is a potential therapeutic target for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiang Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tang Qiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Narlapati H, Martino BR, Manibusan P. A Rare Variant of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Presenting as a Symptomatic Early-Stage Submucosal Tumor in the Gastric Antral Primary. Cureus 2024; 16:e53114. [PMID: 38283778 PMCID: PMC10822694 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinomas are a well-known malignancy, with the vast majority presenting as primary mucosal invasions. However, a rare form of this cancer presents from the submucosal layer and mimics submucosal tumors (SMTs). This variant of gastric adenocarcinoma is not only rare, but it is also frequently misdiagnosed as other conditions such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lymphoma, or sarcoma. This case report describes a unique case of early gastric adenocarcinoma that presented as a submucosal tumor without invasion into the muscularis propria or primary involvement from the gastric mucosa. Additionally, this raises an important clinical question of whether this variant of gastric adenocarcinoma behaves differently from mucosal-origin cancers in terms of invasion and metastasis. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and the importance of early detection and accurate diagnosis of this rare presentation of gastric adenocarcinoma. This case also provides valuable insights into the clinical variability of submucosal gastric adenocarcinomas and the need for further research to optimize its management and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Narlapati
- Internal Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, USA
| | | | - Pedro Manibusan
- Gastroenterology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, USA
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6
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Tang C, Xu J, Zheng M, Qian D, Gao Z, Li X, Zhang W. Potential clinical significance of ALDH3B1 in auxiliary diagnosis of gastric cancer. Biomark Med 2024; 18:15-23. [PMID: 38334412 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This research aimed to explore a diagnostic method based on serum ALDH3B1 and to evaluate the clinical diagnostic efficacy in gastric cancer (GC) by comparing it with the traditional GC diagnostic method, the carcinoembryonic protein (CEA) assay. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 70 healthy volunteers and various patients (GC: 76, benign gastric lesions: 20, postoperative: 37, recurrence: 56). The diagnostic efficacy of serum ALDH3B1, CEA and the co-diagnosis were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve. ALDH3B1 protein levels were evaluated by western blot. Results: The co-diagnosis of ALDH3B1 and CEA had the highest diagnostic efficacy (area under the curve = 0.841). Conclusion: Serum ALDH3B1 may be used as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for GC, and its co-diagnosis with CEA can improve diagnostic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxue Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Dongchen Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhihua Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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7
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Kim CG, Koh JY, Shin SJ, Shin JH, Hong M, Chung HC, Rha SY, Kim HS, Lee CK, Lee JH, Han Y, Kim H, Che X, Yun UJ, Kim H, Kim JH, Lee SY, Park SK, Park S, Kim H, Ahn JY, Jeung HC, Lee JS, Nam YD, Jung M. Prior antibiotic administration disrupts anti-PD-1 responses in advanced gastric cancer by altering the gut microbiome and systemic immune response. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101251. [PMID: 37890486 PMCID: PMC10694627 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on whether prior antibiotic (pATB) administration modulates outcomes of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is scarce. In this study, we find that pATB administration is consistently associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in multiple cohorts consisting of patients with AGC treated with PD-1 inhibitors. In contrast, pATB does not affect outcomes among patients treated with irinotecan. Multivariable analysis of the overall patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors confirms that pATB administration independently predicts worse PFS and OS. Administration of pATBs is associated with diminished gut microbiome diversity, reduced abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri, and disproportional enrichment of circulating exhaustive CD8+ T cells, all of which are associated with worse outcomes. Considering the inferior treatment response and poor survival outcomes by pATB administration followed by PD-1 blockade, ATBs should be prescribed with caution in patients with AGC who are planning to receive PD-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gon Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Shin
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonki Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Song Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Kun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejeong Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyong Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiumei Che
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Jung Yun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hung Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Park
- Deparment of Medical Records, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejung Park
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwook Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Ahn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei-Cheul Jeung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minkyu Jung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Yuan Y, Wu D, Li J, Huang D, Zhao Y, Gao T, Zhuang Z, Cui Y, Zheng DY, Tang Y. Mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophages affecting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1217400. [PMID: 37663266 PMCID: PMC10470150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1217400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential components of the immune cell stroma of hepatocellular carcinoma. TAMs originate from monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, peripheral blood monocytes, and kupffer cells. The recruitment of monocytes to the HCC tumor microenvironment is facilitated by various factors, leading to their differentiation into TAMs with unique phenotypes. TAMs can directly activate or inhibit the nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6/signal transducer and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β1/bone morphogenetic protein, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways in tumor cells and interact with other immune cells via producing cytokines and extracellular vesicles, thus affecting carcinoma cell proliferation, invasive and migratory, angiogenesis, liver fibrosis progression, and other processes to participate in different stages of tumor progression. In recent years, TAMs have received much attention as a prospective treatment target for HCC. This review describes the origin and characteristics of TAMs and their mechanism of action in the occurrence and development of HCC to offer a theoretical foundation for further clinical research of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dailin Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Gao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Da-Yong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatology, TCM-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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9
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Zhou L, Liu L, Chang MA, Ma C, Chen W, Chen P. Spatiotemporal dissection of tumor microenvironment via in situ sensing and monitoring in tumor-on-a-chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115064. [PMID: 36680970 PMCID: PMC9918721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring in the tumor microenvironment provides critical insights of cancer progression and mechanistic understanding of responses to cancer treatments. However, clinical challenges and significant questions remain regarding assessment of limited clinical tissue samples, establishment of validated, controllable pre-clinical cancer models, monitoring of static versus dynamic markers, and the translation of insights gained from in vitro tumor microenvironments to systematic investigation and understanding in clinical practice. State-of-art tumor-on-a-chip strategies will be reviewed herein, and emerging real-time sensing and monitoring platforms for on-chip analysis of tumor microenvironment will also be examined. The integration of the sensors with tumor-on-a-chip platforms to provide spatiotemporal information of the tumor microenvironment and the associated challenges will be further evaluated. Though optimal integrated systems for in situ monitoring are still in evolution, great promises lie ahead that will open new paradigm for rapid, comprehensive analysis of cancer development and assist clinicians with powerful tools to guide the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment course in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zhou
- Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Lunan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Muammar Ali Chang
- Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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10
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Tumor acidic environment directs nanoparticle impacts on cancer cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:684-692. [PMID: 36563425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite impressive progress in nanotechnology-based cancer therapy being made by in vitro research, few nanoparticles (NPs) have been translated into clinical trials. The wide gap between in vitro results and nanomedicine's clinical translation might be partly due to acidic microenvironment of cancer cells being ignored in in vitro studies. To check this hypothesis, we studied the biological impacts of two different structures of NPs on cancer cells (MDA-MB 231) at acidic (pH: 6.5) low (pH: 7) and physiological pH (pH: 7.4). We uncovered that a slight change in the pH of the cancer cell microenvironment affects the cellular uptake efficacy and toxicity mechanism of nanographene sheets and SPION@silica nanospheres. Both nanostructures exerted more substantial toxic impacts (e. g. apoptosis, necrosis, membrane disruption, and oxidative stress induction) against cancer cells at physiological pH compared to acidic niche. They also differently slowed or arrested phases of the cell cycle at different pH (S and G2/M at normal pH while G0/G1 at acidic/low pH). More specifically, cancer cells expressed higher levels of interleukins involved in cancer cell resistance at acidic pH than those incubated at physiological pH. This study revealed that a slight change in extracellular pH of cancer cells could strongly affect the therapeutic/toxic impact of nanomaterials and therefore, it should be considered in the future cancer nanomedicine research.
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11
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An Update of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Its Deregulation in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030736. [PMID: 36765694 PMCID: PMC9913146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to a cell surface receptor superfamily responding to a wide range of external signals. The binding of extracellular ligands to GPCRs activates a heterotrimeric G protein and triggers the production of numerous secondary messengers, which transduce the extracellular signals into cellular responses. GPCR signaling is crucial and imperative for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed the occurrence of the genetic aberrations of GPCRs and G proteins in multiple malignancies. The altered GPCRs/G proteins serve as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and pharmacological targets. Furthermore, the dysregulation of GPCR signaling contributes to tumor initiation and development. In this review, we have summarized the research progress of GPCRs and highlighted their mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). The aberrant activation of GPCRs promotes GC cell proliferation and metastasis, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and boosts immune escape. Through deep investigation, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GPCR activation have been developed, and the final aim is to eliminate GPCR-driven gastric carcinogenesis.
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12
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Wang C, Wu N, Pei B, Ma X, Yang W. Claudin and pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1136227. [PMID: 36959784 PMCID: PMC10027734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of timely and accurate screening modalities and treatments, most pancreatic cancer (PCa) patients undergo fatal PCa progression within a short period since diagnosis. The claudin(CLDN) family is expressed specifically as tight junction structure in a variety of tumors, including PCa, and affects tumor progression by changing the cell junctions. Thus far, many of the 27 members of the claudin family, including claudin-18.2 and claudin-4, have significantly aberrantly expression in pancreatic tumors. In addition, some studies have confirmed the role of some claudin proteins in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tumors. By targeting different targets of claudin protein and combining chemotherapy, further enhance tumor cell necrosis and inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. Claudins can either promote or inhibit the development of pancreatic cancer, which indicates that the diagnosis and treatment of different kinds of claudins require to consider different biological characteristics. This literature summarizes the functional characteristics and clinical applications of various claudin proteins in Pca cells, with a focus on claudin-18.2 and claudin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Beibei Pei
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhui Yang,
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13
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Li F, Tan B, Chen Z, Zhao Q, Li S, Ding P, Liu C, Wang X, Li X, Li Y. Long non-coding RNA CNALPTC1 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating the miR-6788-5p/PAK1 pathway. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:2809-2822. [PMID: 36636079 PMCID: PMC9830357 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a globally prevalent gastrointestinal tumor. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new type of transcript which has become a hotspot of current research; however, the function of most lncRNAs in the advancement of GC is still not clear. The focus of this research was to elucidate the role and expression of lncRNA CNALPTC1 in GC. Methods In GC cells and tissues, the detection of CNALPTC1 expression was carried out using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the link between its expression and clinicopathological features was investigated. The impacts of inhibition and upregulation of CNALPTC1 on the physiological behavior of GC cells were observed. Furthermore, through bioinformatics analysis and prediction of microRNA (miRNA) targeted to CNALPTC1 and target genes interacting with miRNA, the effects on invasion, proliferation, and migration of GC cells were investigated. Results The elevated expression level of CNALPTC1 was observed in GC tissues and cell lines. The in vitro analysis indicated that gene silencing of CNALPTC1 resulted in inhibition, whereas upregulation of CNALPTC1 resulted in the promotion of invasion, proliferation, and migration of GC cells, respectively. In addition, we observed that CNALPTC1 functions as a molecular sponge for miR-6788-5p, and the level of expression of CNALPTC1 exhibited a negative correlation with miR-6788-5p. Moreover, it was revealed that the miR-6788-5p's direct target was PAK1, which could reverse the inhibitory function of miR-6788-5p. Conclusions Our research revealed that the CNALPTC1 promotes GC development by negatively regulating the miR-6788-5p/PAK1 pathway. GC therapy may be improved by conducting targeted studies of the CNALPTC1/miR-6788-5p/PAK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bibo Tan
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pingan Ding
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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14
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Ji JJ, Guan FJ, Yao Y, Sun LJ, Zhang GM. Testis and epididymis–unusual sites of metastatic gastric cancer: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11974-11979. [PMID: 36405257 PMCID: PMC9669852 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i32.11974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, cases of gastric cancer metastasis to the male reproductive system are rare. Here, we report a case involving testicular and epididymal gastric cancer metastases.
CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old Chinese man complained of experiencing a palpable painful mass in the right scrotum for 6 mo. He had undergone distal gastrectomy with chemotherapy for pT3N3aMx poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma 9 mo before. Physical examination revealed a moderate right hydrocele and a painful mass in the right testis and epididymis. Serum tumor biomarkers were all normal except for elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels. Computed tomography urography and B-ultrasound imaging revealed a moderate right hydrocele and a mixed solid-cystic mass in the right testicular and epididymal area. Thus, the patient underwent right radical orchiectomy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells were positive for pancytokeratins and caudal related homeodomain transcription 2. Metastatic, poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma of the testis and epididymis was confirmed by pathology. He continued to undergo chemotherapy at the department of oncology of our hospital. Mesenteric lymph node metastases were found at the postoperative 1-mo follow-up.
CONCLUSION Palpable, painful scrotal mass, history of gastric cancer, and imaging features may indicate testicular and epididymal metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Ji
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng-Ju Guan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Jiang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gui-Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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15
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Yang Y, Dai D, Jin W, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wang W, Lin W, Chen X, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhang H, Teng L. Microbiota and metabolites alterations in proximal and distal gastric cancer patients. J Transl Med 2022; 20:439. [PMID: 36180919 PMCID: PMC9524040 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, gastric cancer is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death. Proximal and distal gastric cancers have distinct clinical and biological behaviors. The microbial composition and metabolic differences in proximal and distal gastric cancers have not been fully studied and discussed. Methods In this study, the gastric microbiome of 13 proximal gastric cancer tissues, 16 distal gastric cancer tissues, and their matched non-tumor tissues were characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Additionally, 10 proximal gastric cancer tissues, 11 distal gastric cancer tissues, and their matched non-tumor tissues were assessed by untargeted metabolomics. Results There was no significant difference in microbial diversity and richness between the proximal and distal gastric cancer tissues. At the genus level, the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Porphyromonas, Catonella, Proteus, Oribacterium, and Moraxella were significantly increased in Proximal T, whereas that of Methylobacterium_Methylorubrum was significantly increased in Distal T. The untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed 30 discriminative metabolites between Distal T and Distal N. In contrast, there were only 4 discriminative metabolites between Proximal T and Proximal N. In distal gastric cancer, different metabolites were scattered through multiple pathway, including the sphingolipid signaling pathway, arginine biosynthesis, protein digestion and absorption, alanine, aspartate and, glutamate metabolism, etc.In proximal gastric cancer, differential microbial metabolites were mainly related to hormone metabolism. Conclusion Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum was significantly increased in Distal T, positively correlated with cancer-promoting metabolites, and negatively correlated with cancer-inhibiting metabolites. Rikenellaceae_RC_gut_group was significantly increased in Proximal T and positively correlated with cancer-promoting metabolites. Further studies regarding the functions of the above-mentioned microorganisms and metabolites were warranted as the results may reveal the different mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of proximal and distal gastric cancers and provide a basis for future treatments. Importance First, the differences in microbial composition and metabolites between the proximal and distal gastric cancers were described; then, the correlation between microbiota and metabolites was preliminarily discussed. These microbes and metabolites deserve further investigations as they may reveal the different mechanisms involved in the occurrence and development of proximal and distal gastric cancers and provide a basis for future treatments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03650-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Daofeng Dai
- Jiangxi Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wankun Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wu Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiangliu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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16
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Aoki T, Kinoshita J, Munesue S, Hamabe-Horiike T, Yamaguchi T, Nakamura Y, Okamoto K, Moriyama H, Nakamura K, Harada S, Yamamoto Y, Inaki N, Fushida S. Hypoxia-Induced CD36 Expression in Gastric Cancer Cells Promotes Peritoneal Metastasis via Fatty Acid Uptake. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 30:3125-3136. [PMID: 36042102 PMCID: PMC10085939 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The lipid scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) has been shown to have a pro-metastatic function in several cancers. Adipose tissue, a favorable site for peritoneal metastasis (PM) from gastric cancer (GC), promotes this process by providing free fatty acids (FFAs); however, the role of CD36 in PM progression from GC remains to be elucidated.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated CD36 expression in the GC cells under various conditions. CD36 overexpressing (CD36OE) MKN45 cells were prepared and their migration and invasive properties were assessed. A PM mouse model was used to investigate the biological effects of palmitic acid (PA) and CD36. Furthermore, we examined the clinical role of CD36 expression in 82 human PM samples by immunohistochemical staining.
Results
Hypoxia markedly increased CD36 expression in GC cells. In normoxia, only CD36OE MKN45 cells treated with PA showed an increase in migration and invasion abilities. An increased expression of active Rac1 and Cdc42 was observed, which decreased following etomoxir treatment. Conversely, hypoxia increased those capacities of both vector and CD36OE MKN45 cells. In a mouse model transplanted with CD36OE MKN45 cells, more peritoneal tumors were observed in the high-fat diet group than those in the normal diet group. In clinical samples, 80% of PM lesions expressed CD36, consistent with hypoxic regions, indicating a significant association with prognosis.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that a hypoxia in the peritoneal cavity induces CD36 expression in GC cells, which contributes to PM through the uptake of FFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Aoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Seiichi Munesue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshihide Hamabe-Horiike
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keishi Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Harada
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Inaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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17
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Hinneh JA, Gillis JL, Moore NL, Butler LM, Centenera MM. The role of RHAMM in cancer: Exposing novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. Front Oncol 2022; 12:982231. [PMID: 36033439 PMCID: PMC9400171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.982231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM) is a cell surface receptor for hyaluronic acid that is critical for cell migration and a cell cycle protein involved in microtubule assembly and stability. These functions of RHAMM are required for cellular stress responses and cell cycle progression but are also exploited by tumor cells for malignant progression and metastasis. RHAMM is often overexpressed in tumors and is an independent adverse prognostic factor for a number of cancers such as breast and prostate. Interestingly, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of RHAMM in vitro and in vivo ablates tumor invasiveness and metastatic spread, implicating RHAMM as a potential therapeutic target to restrict tumor growth and improve patient survival. However, RHAMM’s pro-tumor activity is dependent on its subcellular distribution, which complicates the design of RHAMM-directed therapies. An alternative approach is to identify downstream signaling pathways that mediate RHAMM-promoted tumor aggressiveness. Herein, we discuss the pro-tumoral roles of RHAMM and elucidate the corresponding regulators and signaling pathways mediating RHAMM downstream events, with a specific focus on strategies to target the RHAMM signaling network in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine A. Hinneh
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Joanna L. Gillis
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Moore
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lisa M. Butler, ; Margaret M. Centenera,
| | - Margaret M. Centenera
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lisa M. Butler, ; Margaret M. Centenera,
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18
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Hervás-Salcedo R, Martín-Antonio B. A Journey through the Inter-Cellular Interactions in the Bone Marrow in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for the Next Generation of Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3796. [PMID: 35954459 PMCID: PMC9367481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of a plethora of extracellular matrix, tumor and non-tumor cells that form a tumor microenvironment (TME) that nurtures the tumor cells and creates a favorable environment where tumor cells grow and proliferate. In multiple myeloma (MM), the TME is the bone marrow (BM). Non-tumor cells can belong either to the non-hematological compartment that secretes soluble mediators to create a favorable environment for MM cells to grow, or to the immune cell compartment that perform an anti-MM activity in healthy conditions. Indeed, marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) are associated with a good prognosis in MM patients and have served as the basis for developing different immunotherapy strategies. However, MM cells and other cells in the BM can polarize their phenotype and activity, creating an immunosuppressive environment where immune cells do not perform their cytotoxic activity properly, promoting tumor progression. Understanding cell-cell interactions in the BM and their impact on MM proliferation and the performance of tumor surveillance will help in designing efficient anti-MM therapies. Here, we take a journey through the BM, describing the interactions of MM cells with cells of the non-hematological and hematological compartment to highlight their impact on MM progression and the development of novel MM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Sangwan V, Al-Marzouki L, Pal S, Stavrakos V, Alzahrani M, Antonatos D, Nevo Y, Camilleri-Broët S, Rayes R, Bourdeau F, Giannias B, Bertos N, Bailey S, Rousseau S, Cools-Lartigue J, Spicer JD, Ferri L. Inhibition of LPS-mediated TLR4 activation abrogates gastric adenocarcinoma-associated peritoneal metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:323-333. [PMID: 34767138 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection, the cornerstone of curative intent treatment for gastric adenocarcinoma, is associated with a high rate of infection-related post-operative complications, leading to an increased incidence of metastasis to the peritoneum. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an antigen from Gram-negative bacteria, represents a potential mechanism via induction of local and systemic inflammation through activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR). Here, we use both a novel ex vivo model of peritoneal metastasis and in vivo animal models to assess gastric cancer cell adhesion to peritoneum both before and after inhibition of the TLR4 pathway. We demonstrate that activation of TLR4 by either LPS or Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) significantly increases the adherence of gastric cancer cells to human peritoneal mesothelial cells, and that this increased adherence is abrogated by inhibition of the TLR4 signal cascade and downstream TAK1 and MEK1/2 pathways. We also demonstrate that the influence of LPS on adherence extends to peritoneal tissue and metastatic spread. Furthermore, we show that loss of TLR4 at the site of metastasis reduces tumor cell adhesion, implicating the TLR4 signaling cascade in potentiating metastatic adhesion and peritoneal spread. These results identify potential therapeutic targets for the clinical management of patients undergoing resection for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Sangwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luai Al-Marzouki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sanjima Pal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vivian Stavrakos
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Malak Alzahrani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pathology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorothy Antonatos
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yehonatan Nevo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sophie Camilleri-Broët
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roni Rayes
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Betty Giannias
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bertos
- Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Swneke Bailey
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jonathan Cools-Lartigue
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. .,Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room L8-505, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada.
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20
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Su S, Shi YT, Chu Y, Jiang MZ, Wu N, Xu B, Zhou H, Lin JC, Jin YR, Li XF, Liang J. Sec62 promotes gastric cancer metastasis through mediating UPR-induced autophagy activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:133. [PMID: 35165763 PMCID: PMC11073224 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sec62 is a membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that facilitates protein transport. Its role in cancer is increasingly recognised, but remains largely unknown. We investigated the functional role of Sec62 in gastric cancer (GC) and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Bioinformatics, tissue microarray, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting (WB), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression of target genes. Transwell, scratch healing assays, and xenograft models were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Transmission electron microscopy and mRFP-GFP-LC3 double-labeled adenoviruses were used to monitor autophagy. Co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) was performed to evaluate the binding activity between the proteins. RESULTS Sec62 expression was upregulated in GC, and Sec62 upregulation was an independent predictor of poor prognosis. Sec62 overexpression promoted GC cell migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Sec62 promoted migration and invasion by affecting TIMP-1 and MMP2/9 balance. Moreover, Sec62 could activate autophagy by upregulating PERK/ATF4 expression and binding to LC3II with concomitant FIP200/Beclin-1/Atg5 activation. Furthermore, autophagy blockage impaired the promotive effects of Sec62 on GC cell migration and invasion, whereas autophagy activation rescued the inhibitory effect of Sec62 knockdown on GC metastasis. Notably, Sec62 inhibition combined with autophagy blockage exerted a synergetic anti-metastatic effect in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Sec62 promotes GC metastasis by activating autophagy and subsequently regulating TIMP-1 and MMP2/9 balance. The activation of autophagy by Sec62 may involve the unfolded protein response (UPR)-related PERK/ATF4 pathway and binding of LC3II during UPR recovery involving FIP200/Beclin-1/Atg5 upregulation. Specifically, the dual inhibition of Sec62 and autophagy may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yan-Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ming-Zuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - He Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jun-Chao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yi-Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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21
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Bin YL, Hu HS, Tian F, Wen ZH, Yang MF, Wu BH, Wang LS, Yao J, Li DF. Metabolic Reprogramming in Gastric Cancer: Trojan Horse Effect. Front Oncol 2022; 11:745209. [PMID: 35096565 PMCID: PMC8790521 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) represents the fifth most common cancer for incidence and the third leading cause of death in developed countries. Despite the development of combination chemotherapies, the survival rates of GC patients remain unsatisfactory. The reprogramming of energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, especially increased dependence on aerobic glycolysis. In the present review, we summarized current evidence on how metabolic reprogramming in GC targets the tumor microenvironment, modulates metabolic networks and overcomes drug resistance. Preclinical and clinical studies on the combination of metabolic reprogramming targeted agents and conventional chemotherapeutics or molecularly targeted treatments [including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and HER2] and the value of biomarkers are examined. This deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying successful pharmacological combinations is crucial in finding the best-personalized treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Bin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Sai Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ben-Hua Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
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22
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Claudins and Gastric Cancer: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020290. [PMID: 35053454 PMCID: PMC8773541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis, and a poor prognosis. This review presents novel biological and clinical significance of claudin (CLDN) expression in GC, especially CLDN18, and clinical trials centered around CLDN18.2. It also presents new findings for other CLDNs. Abstract Despite recent improvements in diagnostic ability and treatment strategies, advanced gastric cancer (GC) has a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis, with poor prognosis. To improve the treatment results of GC, the search for new treatment targets from proteins related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell–cell adhesion is currently being conducted. EMT plays an important role in cancer metastasis and is initiated by the loss of cell–cell adhesion, such as tight junctions (TJs), adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. Among these, claudins (CLDNs) are highly expressed in some cancers, including GC. Abnormal expression of CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN6, CLDN7, CLDN10, CLDN11, CLDN14, CLDN17, CLDN18, and CLDN23 have been reported. Among these, CLDN18 is of particular interest. In The Cancer Genome Atlas, GC was classified into four new molecular subtypes, and CLDN18–ARHGAP fusion was observed in the genomically stable type. An anti-CLDN18.2 antibody drug was recently developed as a therapeutic drug for GC, and the results of clinical trials are highly predictable. Thus, CLDNs are highly expressed in GC as TJs and are expected targets for new antibody drugs. Herein, we review the literature on CLDNs, focusing on CLDN18 in GC.
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23
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Qin L, Cao X, Kaneko T, Voss C, Liu X, Wang G, Li SSC. Dynamic interplay of two molecular switches enabled by the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 and IL-6-STAT3 signaling axes controls epithelial cell migration in response to growth factors. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101161. [PMID: 34480897 PMCID: PMC8477194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential physiological process, and aberrant migration of epithelial cells underlies many pathological conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms governing cell migration are not fully understood. We report here that growth factor–induced epithelial cell migration is critically dependent on the crosstalk of two molecular switches, namely phosphorylation switch (P-switch) and transcriptional switch (T-switch). P-switch refers to dynamic interactions of deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) and PI3K with tensin-3 (TNS3), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), C-terminal tension, and vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (VAV2) that are dictated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2–extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase 1/2–dependent phosphorylation of TNS3, PTEN, and VAV2. Phosphorylation of TNS3 and PTEN on specific Thr residues led to the switch of DLC1–TNS3 and PI3K–PTEN complexes to DLC1–PTEN and PI3K–TNS3 complexes, whereas Ser phosphorylation of VAV2 promotes the transition of the PI3K–TNS3/PTEN complexes to PI3K–VAV2 complex. T-switch denotes an increase in C-terminal tension transcription/expression regulated by both extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase 1/2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via interleukin-6–Janus kinase–STAT3 signaling pathway. We have found that, the P-switch is indispensable for both the initiation and continuation of cell migration induced by growth factors, whereas the T-switch is only required to sustain cell migration. The interplay of the two switches facilitated by the interleukin-6–Janus kinase–STAT3 pathway governs a sequence of dynamic protein–protein interactions for sustained cell migration. That a similar mechanism is employed by both normal and tumorigenic epithelial cells to drive their respective migration suggests that the P-switch and T-switch are general regulators of epithelial cell migration and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyugao Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuan Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tomonori Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Voss
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guoping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shawn S-C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Wang S, Jiang H, Wang J, Wu H, Wu T, Ni M, Zhao Q, Ji Y, Zhang Z, Tang C, Xu H. Superior in vitro anticancer effect of biomimetic paclitaxel and triptolide co-delivery system in gastric cancer. J Biomed Res 2021; 35:327-338. [PMID: 34421008 PMCID: PMC8383169 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.35.20210102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a well-known anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX), a first-line chemotherapeutic agent, remains unsatisfactory for gastric cancer therapy. It is reported that triptolide (TPL) could enhance the anti-gastric cancer effect of PTX. Considering the poor solubility of both drugs, we developed a red blood cell membrane-biomimetic nanosystem, an emerging tool in drug delivery, to co-load paclitaxel and triptolide (red blood cell membrane coated PTX and TPL co-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) [PLGA] nanoparticles, RP(P/T)). The successful preparation was confirmed in terms of particle size, morphology, and surface markers assays. This biomimetic system could prolong circulation and escape immune surveillance. And these properties were verified by stability, in vitro drug release, and cellular uptake assays. Moreover, the MTT and colony formation assays demonstrated the superior anti-proliferation effect of the RP(P/T) to free drugs. The enhanced antitumor effects of RP(P/T) on migration and invasion were also evaluated by wound-healing and transwell assays. Overall, the bionic co-delivery nanoplatform with improved efficacy in vitro is a promising therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Haisi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Mengnan Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - You Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ziting Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chunming Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Huae Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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25
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de Mello RA, Amaral GA, Neves NM, Lippo EG, Parini F, Xu S, Tolia M, Charalampakis N, Tadokoro H, Castelo-Branco P, Zhu J. Current and potential biomarkers in gastric cancer: a critical review of the literature. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3383-3396. [PMID: 34291647 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer worldwide and the second most lethal. Gastric cancer biomarkers can be used for diagnosis, prediction of sensitivity to treatment, and prognosis. The following search terms were applied to PubMed as of December 2020: 'gastric cancer classification', 'gastric cancer epidemiology', 'cancer metastasis' and 'gastric cancer biomarker'. Only experimental studies were reported in the 'biomarkers' section. Some biomarkers can serve as therapeutic targets for antitumoral drugs. The genes analyzed include E-cadherin, RPRM, XAF1, MINT25, TFF1, p16 and p53. The miRNAs analyzed include miR-18a, miR185-5p, miR-125b and miR-21. Some molecules were associated with metastasis of gastric cancer, specifically those involved with EMT process and tissue degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Andrade de Mello
- Algarve Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve (FMCB UALG), Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil.,Precision Oncology & Health Economics Group (ONCOPRECH), Post-Graduation Program in Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Araujo Amaral
- Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil
| | - Nathália Moisés Neves
- Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil
| | - Estela Gudin Lippo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Parini
- Precision Oncology & Health Economics Group (ONCOPRECH), Post-Graduation Program in Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Song Xu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 715 00, Greece
| | | | - Hakaru Tadokoro
- Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve (FMCB UALG), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- Department of General Surgery & Laparoscopic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
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26
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Azevedo A, Farinha D, Geraldes C, Faneca H. Combining gene therapy with other therapeutic strategies and imaging agents for cancer theranostics. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120905. [PMID: 34293466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadly diseases in the world, to which conventional treatment options, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have been applied to overcome the disease or used in a palliative manner to enhance the quality of life of the patient. However, there is an urgent need to develop new preventive and treatment strategies to overcome the limitations of the commonly used approaches. The field of cancer nanomedicine, and more recently the field of nanotheranostics, where imaging and therapeutic agents are combined in a single platform, provide new opportunities for the treatment and the diagnosis of cancer. This combination could bring us closer to a more personalized and cared-for therapy, in opposition to the conventional and standardized approaches. Gene therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer that requires a transport system to efficiently deliver the genetic material into the target cells. Hence, the main purpose of this work was to review recent findings and developments regarding theranostic nanosystems that incorporate both gene therapy and imaging agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Azevedo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dina Farinha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Geraldes
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga Largo D. Dinis, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Faneca
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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27
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Mesquita FP, Lucena da Silva E, Souza PFN, Lima LB, Amaral JL, Zuercher W, Albuquerque LM, Rabenhorst SHB, Moreira-Nunes CA, Amaral de Moraes ME, Montenegro RC. Kinase inhibitor screening reveals aurora-a kinase is a potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarker of gastric cancer. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1376-1388. [PMID: 34160883 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadly types of cancer in the world, and poor prognosis with treatment failure is widely reported in the literature. In this context, kinases have been considered a relevant choice for targeted therapy in gastric cancer. Here, we explore the antiproliferative and antimigratory effects of the AURKA inhibitor and the prognostic and therapeutic value as a biomarker of gastric cancer. A total of 145 kinase inhibitors were screened to evaluate the cytotoxic or cytostatic effects in the gastric cancer cell line. Using the Alamar Blue assay, flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and observation of caspase 3/7 activity and cell migration, we investigated the antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antimigratory effects of the AURKA inhibitor. Moreover, AURKA overexpression was evaluated in the gastric cell lines and the gastric tumor tissue. Out of the 145 inhibitors, two presented the highest antiproliferative effect. Both molecules can induce apoptosis by the caspases 3/7 pathway in addition to inhibiting cancer cell migration, mainly the AURKA inhibitor. Moreover, molecular docking analysis revealed that GW779439X interacts in the active site of the AURKA enzyme with similar energy as a well-described inhibitor. Our study identified AURKA overexpression in the gastric cancer cell line and gastric tumor tissue, revealing that its overexpression in patients with cancer is correlated with low survival. Therefore, it is feasible to suggest AURKA as a potential marker of gastric cancer, besides providing robust information for diagnosis and estimated survival of patients. AURKA can be considered a new molecular target used in the prognosis and therapy of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P Mesquita
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Luina B Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jackson L Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - William Zuercher
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Louise M Albuquerque
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Silvia H B Rabenhorst
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Moreira-Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria E Amaral de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Montenegro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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28
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EphA2-YES1-ANXA2 pathway promotes gastric cancer progression and metastasis. Oncogene 2021; 40:3610-3623. [PMID: 33941853 PMCID: PMC8134040 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2) is a key member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, while YES Proto-Oncogene 1 (YES1) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTK) and annexin A2 (ANXA2) belongs to the calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family annexins. Here, we show that EphA2, YES1, and ANXA2 form a signal axis, in which YES1 activated by EphA2 phosphorylates ANXA2 at Tyr24 site, leading to ANXA2 activation and increased ANXA2 nuclear distribution in gastric cancer (GC) cells. Overexpression (OE) of YES1 increases, while knockdown (KD) of YES1 or ANXA2 decreases GC cell invasion and migration in vitro and tumor growth in mouse models. Reexpression of wildtype (WT) rather than mutant ANXA2 (Tyr24F) in ANXA2 knockdown (ANXA2-KD) GC cells restores YES1-induced cell invasion and migration, while neither WT nor mutant ANXA2 (Tyr24F) can restore cell invasion and migration in YES1-KD GC cells. In addition, the activation of EphA2-YES1-ANXA2 pathway is correlated with poor prognosis. Thus, our results establish EphA2-YES1-ANXA2 axis as a novel pathway that drives GC invasion and metastasis, targeting this pathway would be an efficient way for the treatment of GC.
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29
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Lau DK, Athauda A, Chau I. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant multimodality therapies in resectable esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1429-1441. [PMID: 33688789 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1900823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Surgery is the cornerstone modality for cure where feasible. Clinical studies over the past two decades have provided evidence for the use of perioperative chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy to improve patient outcomes. However, there remains no global consensus in the optimal use of these therapies.Areas covered: In this review, the authors summarize the latest evidence for perioperative multimodality therapy in resectable esophagogastric adenocarcinoma including the use of combination chemotherapy and targeted therapy containing regimens. In addition, the authors discuss some of the clinical and molecular biomarkers, such as PET imaging and microsatellite instability which can inform future practice and further clinical investigation.Expert opinion: A multimodal approach has been proven to improve survival outcomes over surgery alone. Whilst there is no global standard of care for multi-modality therapies in resectable OG cancer, clinical trials are refining the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Further investigation is on-going to further optimize therapy and the integration of molecular targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Lau
- GI and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton and London, UK
| | - Avani Athauda
- GI and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton and London, UK
| | - Ian Chau
- GI and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton and London, UK
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The Extracellular Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan Biglycan Is a Key Player in Gastric Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061330. [PMID: 33809543 PMCID: PMC8001774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Approximately 80% of gastric cancer patients are diagnosed at advanced stages with an average five-year survival rate of less than 30%. Alterations of the extracellular matrix proteins have been largely demonstrated in all steps of the disease. Thus, studies for the identification of novel prognostic biomarkers and efficient therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this study, we report the oncogenic role of biglycan, an extracellular proteoglycan, in gastric carcinogenesis. Biglycan was able to modulate gastric cancer aggressive features as cell survival, migration, and angiogenesis. Additionally, high levels of biglycan expression correlates with tumorigenic gene signatures and they are associated with poor patient prognosis in advanced stages of the disease. These results point biglycan as a key player in gastric cancer aggressiveness and further studies should be done to investigate the therapeutic potential of biglycan to tackle gastric cancer progression. Abstract Biglycan (BGN gene), an extracellular proteoglycan, has been described to be associated with cancer aggressiveness. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical value of biglycan as a biomarker in multiple independent GC cohorts and determine the in vitro and in vivo role of biglycan in GC malignant features. We found that BGN is commonly over-expressed in all analyzed cohorts, being associated with disease relapse and poor prognosis in patients with advanced stages of disease. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that biglycan knock-out GC cells display major phenotypic changes with a lower cell survival, migration, and angiogenic potential when compared with biglycan expressing cells. Biglycan KO GC cells present increased levels of PARP1 and caspase-3 cleavage and a decreased expression of mesenchymal markers. Importantly, biglycan deficient GC cells that were supplemented with exogenous biglycan were able to restore biological features, such as survival, clonogenic and migratory capacities. Our in vitro and in vivo findings were validated in human GC samples, where BGN expression was associated with several oncogenic gene signatures that were associated with apoptosis, cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. This study provided new insights on biglycan role in GC that should be taken in consideration as a key cellular regulator with major impact in tumor progression and patients’ clinical outcome.
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Tumor microenvironment characterization in stage IV gastric cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227294. [PMID: 33416081 PMCID: PMC7796192 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is remarkably affected by the immune environment of the principal tumor. Nonetheless, the immune environment's clinical relevance in stage IV gastric cancer (GC) is largely unknown. The gene expression profiles of 403 stage IV GC patients in the three cohorts: GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE84437 (n=292) and GSE62254 (n=77), and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas, n=34) were used in the present study. Using four publicly available stage IV GC expression datasets, 29 immune signatures were expression profiled, and on this basis, we classified stage IV GC. The classification was conducted using the hierarchical clustering method. Three stage IV GC subtypes L, M, and H were identified representing low, medium, and high immunity, respectively. Immune correlation analysis of these three types revealed that Immune H exhibited a better prognostic outcome as well as a higher immune score compared with other subtypes. There was a noticeable difference in the three subgroups of HLA genes. Further, on comparing with other subtypes, CD86, CD80, CD274, CTLA4, PDCD1, and PDCD1LG2 had higher expression in the Immunity H subtype. In stage IV GC, potentially positive associations between immune and pathway activities were displayed, due to the enrichment of pathways including TNF signaling, Th-17 cell differentiation, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in Immunity H vs Immunity L subtypes. External cohorts from TCGA cohort ratified these results. The identification of stage IV GC subtypes has potential clinical implications in stage IV GC treatment.
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Tsao SH, Chuang CK. Krukenberg tumor with concomitant ipsilateral hydronephrosis and spermatic cord metastasis in a man: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:278-283. [PMID: 33511197 PMCID: PMC7809680 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i1.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors of the spermatic cord are rare, and approximately 25% are malignant neoplasms. Metastatic spermatic cord tumors are even rarer. Several studies have revealed that the most frequent primary tumors metastasizing to the spermatic cord and peritesticular tissues are neoplasms of the stomach and prostate. Furthermore, metastasis to the spermatic cord or epididymis may occur via retrograde lymphatic and hematic routes. We present the case of a man with gastric cancer that metastasized to the spermatic cord and epididymis, with concomitant ipsilateral hydronephrosis after surgical resection and chemotherapy for his primary tumor.
CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old man underwent total gastrectomy for pT4aN2 poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma in December 2016. Two months after surgery, he received adjuvant chemotherapy with TS-1 from February 2017 to February 2018. Surveillance computed tomography (CT) was performed in June 2018, which did not reveal any sign of tumor recurrence. In November 2019, he presented with left lower quadrant abdominal pain and a palpable left inguinal-scrotal mass. CT revealed left mild hydronephrosis and a left scrotal mass measuring 4.0 cm × 1.7 cm. Tumor biomarkers, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were all normal. Renal and testicular echography showed left hydronephrosis and a left peritesticular soft tissue lesion with blood flow. Diagnostic ureteroscopy showed left lower ureter narrowing without an intraluminal lesion. A biopsy was obtained for the indurated spermatic cord and epididymis, which showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the tumor was diffusely and strongly positive for homeobox protein CDX2. The features were consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma of a primary gastric tumor.
CONCLUSION In patients with a history of primary cancer, an inguinal mass of unknown cause with accompanying ipsilateral hydronephrosis may be a sign of distant metastasis from a primary tumor, especially of gastrointestinal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Tsao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Keng Chuang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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Kang W, Maher L, Michaud M, Bae SW, Kim S, Lee HS, Im SA, Yang HK, Lee C. Development of a Novel Orthotopic Gastric Cancer Mouse Model. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:1. [PMID: 33390162 PMCID: PMC7780388 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer metastasis is a highly fatal disease with a five-year survival rate of less than 5%. One major obstacle in studying gastric cancer metastasis is the lack of faithful models available. The cancer xenograft mouse models are widely used to elucidate the mechanisms of cancer development and progression. Current procedures for creating cancer xenografts include both heterotopic (i.e., subcutaneous) and orthotopic transplantation methods. Compared to the heterotopic model, the orthotopic model has been shown to be the more clinically relevant design as it enables the development of cancer metastasis. Although there are several methods in use to develop the orthotopic gastric cancer model, there is not a model which uses various types of tumor materials, such as soft tissues, semi-liquid tissues, or culture derivatives, due to the technical challenges. Thus, developing the applicable orthotopic model which can utilize various tumor materials is essential. RESULTS To overcome the known limitations of the current orthotopic gastric cancer models, such as exposure of tumor fragments to the neighboring organs or only using firm tissues for the orthotopic implantation, we have developed a new method allowing for the complete insertion of soft tissue fragments or homogeneously minced tissues into the stomach submucosa layer of the immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mouse. With this completely-closed transplantation method, tumors with various types of tissue may be used to establish orthotopic gastric cancer models without the risks of exposure to nearby organs or cell leakage. This surgical procedure was highly reproducible in generating forty-eight mouse models with a surgery success rate of 96% and tumor formation of 93%. Among four orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models that we generated in this study, we verified that the occurrence of organotropic metastasis in either the liver or peritoneal cavity was the same as that of the donor patients. CONCLUSION Here we describe a new protocol, step by step, for the establishment of orthotopic xenograft of gastric cancer. This novel technique will be able to increase the use of orthotopic models in broader applications for not only gastric cancer research but also any research related to the stomach microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Kang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Leigh Maher
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Michael Michaud
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Seong-Woo Bae
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeong Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
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Lee Y, Finch-Edmondson M, Cognart H, Zhu B, Song H, Low BC, Sudol M. Common and Unique Transcription Signatures of YAP and TAZ in Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123667. [PMID: 33297432 PMCID: PMC7762230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YAP and TAZ are cancer-causing genes that encode proteins with similar, but not identical functions. YAP and TAZ function in diverse biological processes including cell proliferation and organ size control. Because of the high similarity in functions between YAP and TAZ, they have often been described as one entity: YAP/TAZ. However, new lines of evidence started to suggest that YAP and TAZ have unique functions as well. To understand the YAP- and TAZ-specific functions, we identified genes that are regulated solely by YAP or by TAZ. Our study revealed that YAP plays a distinct role in cell-substrate junctions, which are critical for tumour cell growth, migration, and metastasis, and both YAP and TAZ are involved in regulating blood platelets and lipid metabolism in gastric cancer cells. Abstract YAP and its paralog TAZ are the nuclear effectors of the Hippo tumour-suppressor pathway, and function as transcriptional co-activators to control gene expression in response to mechanical cues. To identify both common and unique transcriptional targets of YAP and TAZ in gastric cancer cells, we carried out RNA-sequencing analysis of overexpressed YAP or TAZ in the corresponding paralogous gene-knockouts (KOs), TAZ KO or YAP KO, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the YAP/TAZ-transcriptional targets revealed activation of genes involved in platelet biology and lipoprotein particle formation as targets that are common for both YAP and TAZ. However, the GO terms for cell-substrate junction were a unique function of YAP. Further, we found that YAP was indispensable for the gastric cancer cells to re-establish cell-substrate junctions on a rigid surface following prolonged culture on a soft substrate. Collectively, our study not only identifies common and unique transcriptional signatures of YAP and TAZ in gastric cancer cells but also reveals a dominant role for YAP over TAZ in the control of cell-substrate adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaelim Lee
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (H.C.); (B.C.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Megan Finch-Edmondson
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (H.C.); (B.C.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Hamizah Cognart
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (H.C.); (B.C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Haiwei Song
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore;
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (H.C.); (B.C.L.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Marius Sudol
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (H.C.); (B.C.L.); (M.S.)
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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Gottlieb B, Trifiro M, Batist G. Why Tumor Genetic Heterogeneity May Require Rethinking Cancer Genesis and Treatment. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:400-409. [PMID: 33243702 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor genetic heterogeneity, in which individual tumors contain both multiple variant cancer-associated and normal genes, has been widely reported, although its significance has yet to be fully understood. We propose a genetic heterogeneity-based selection-centric hypothesis in which genetic heterogeneity, caused by the temporary reduction of DNA repair efficiency, occurs very early in human development, resulting in a small minority of cells in normal tissues acquiring cancer-associated genes that remain dormant. Cancer develops when precancer cells are selected for by altered tissue microenvironments; similar scenarios occur with development of metastases and therapeutic resistance in established cancer. This suggests that a normal cell selection treatment approach based on preferentially selecting normal cells within tumors may be effective in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Gottlieb
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Mark Trifiro
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerald Batist
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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36
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Wang J, Wen T, Li Z, Che X, Gong L, Jiao Z, Qu X, Liu Y. CD36 upregulates DEK transcription and promotes cell migration and invasion via GSK-3β/β-catenin-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1883-1897. [PMID: 33232276 PMCID: PMC7880392 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that the lipid scavenger receptor CD36 has pro-metastatic functions in several cancers. Although CD36 expression correlates with an unfavorable prognosis in gastric cancer (GC), its specific contribution to disease onset, progression, and/or metastasis remains unclear. Using bioinformatics analyses, we ascertained that CD36 expression was increased in metastatic GC specimens in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases and correlated with poor prognosis. In addition, higher CD36 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05) and poor prognosis (p = 0.030) in 79 Chinese GC patients. Basal CD36 expression levels correlated positively with migration, invasion, and expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in GC cell lines, a relationship confirmed by knockdown and overexpression experiments. Importantly, analysis of gene expression changes in CD36-knockdown GC cells led us to identify the chromatin-associated protein DEK as a c-Myc target that mediates activation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway to trigger EMT. These findings further our understanding of the mechanisms governing metastatic dissemination of GC cells and suggest the therapeutic potential of strategies targeting CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ti Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Libao Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zihan Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Yang KK, Xu HM, Huang JY, Guo YX, Wang ZN. Low SOX12 Expression Is Correlated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Gastric Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033819901126. [PMID: 32019439 PMCID: PMC7003157 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819901126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SRY-related HMG box-12, which is associated with the prognosis of cancer, has been frequently described. However, both SRY-related HMG box-12 expression and its relationship with clinicopathological variables and patient survival have not been defined in gastric cancer. The aim of our study was to examine the prognostic value of SRY-related HMG box-12 expression in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: In this study, we determined SRY-related HMG box-12 expression in 79 primary gastric cancer tissues and 79 matched adjacent nontumor tissues by immunohistochemistry and then calculated the survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze predictors of gastric cancer. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the difference in SRY-related HMG box-12 expression between normal gastric epithelial cells and gastric cancer cells at the protein level and RNA level, respectively. Results: SRY-related HMG box-12 was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues. Low SRY-related HMG box-12 expression was significantly associated not only with lymph node metastasis (P = .027) and TNM stage (P = .021) but also with disease-specific survival in patients with gastric cancer. Multivariate analysis demonstrated TNM stage was an independent factor predicting poor survival (P = .034). Conclusions: Low SRY-related HMG box-12 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan-Kan Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Mian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin-Yu Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Guo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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38
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Wei Q, Qian Y, Yu J, Wong CC. Metabolic rewiring in the promotion of cancer metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Oncogene 2020; 39:6139-6156. [PMID: 32839493 PMCID: PMC7515827 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the major cause of mortality from cancer. Metabolic rewiring and the metastatic cascade are highly intertwined, co-operating to promote multiple steps of cancer metastasis. Metabolites generated by cancer cells influence the metastatic cascade, encompassing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), survival of cancer cells in circulation, and metastatic colonization at distant sites. A variety of molecular mechanisms underlie the prometastatic effect of tumor-derived metabolites, such as epigenetic deregulation, induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), promotion of cancer stemness, and alleviation of oxidative stress. Conversely, metastatic signaling regulates expression and activity of rate-limiting metabolic enzymes to generate prometastatic metabolites thereby reinforcing the metastasis cascade. Understanding the complex interplay between metabolism and metastasis could unravel novel molecular targets, whose intervention could lead to improvements in the treatment of cancer. In this review, we summarized the recent discoveries involving metabolism and tumor metastasis, and emphasized the promising molecular targets, with an update on the development of small molecule or biologic inhibitors against these aberrant situations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyao Wei
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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39
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Verma HK, Ratre YK, Mazzone P, Laurino S, Bhaskar LVKS. Micro RNA facilitated chemoresistance in gastric cancer: a novel biomarkers and potential therapeutics. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2020.1779992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Henu Kumar Verma
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology CNR, Naples, Italy
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche “Gaetano Salvatore” Biogem, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | | | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche “Gaetano Salvatore” Biogem, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Simona Laurino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
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40
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Baghban R, Roshangar L, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Jaymand M, Kolahian S, Javaheri T, Zare P. Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:59. [PMID: 32264958 PMCID: PMC7140346 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment consisting of stromal cells (cellular part) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components (non-cellular) is essential to stimulate the heterogeneity of cancer cell, clonal evolution and to increase the multidrug resistance ending in cancer cell progression and metastasis. The reciprocal cell-cell/ECM interaction and tumor cell hijacking of non-malignant cells force stromal cells to lose their function and acquire new phenotypes that promote development and invasion of tumor cells. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms governing these interactions can be used as a novel strategy to indirectly disrupt cancer cell interplay and contribute to the development of efficient and safe therapeutic strategies to fight cancer. Furthermore, the tumor-derived circulating materials can also be used as cancer diagnostic tools to precisely predict and monitor the outcome of therapy. This review evaluates such potentials in various advanced cancer models, with a focus on 3D systems as well as lab-on-chip devices. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayyeh Baghban
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committees, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognitive, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Health Informatics Lab, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Peyman Zare
- Dioscuri Center of Chromatin Biology and Epigenomics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Zhang J, Xing L, Xu H, Wang K, She J, Shi F, Wu H, Sun Y, Gao J, He S. miR-204-5p Suppress Lymph Node Metastasis via Regulating CXCL12 and CXCR4 in Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:3199-3206. [PMID: 32231725 PMCID: PMC7097947 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) exhibits a poor prognosis due to extensive invasion and lymphatic metastasis in the advanced stage. In this study, we firstly found that the expression of miR-204-5p markedly decreased in GC patients' tissue and serum, especially in GC with lymphatic metastasis. And ROC analysis showed miR-204-5p also served as a predicted factor for the lymphatic metastasis of GC. CXCL12 and CXCR4 were predicted and confirmed as the functional targets of miR-204-5p by Targetscan analysis, dual luciferase assay and western blotting analysis. In addition, we further determined that miR-204-5p suppresses migration and invasion in GC. This finding elucidates new functions and mechanisms for miR-204-5p in GC development and provides a new potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun She
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feiyu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Sun
- Institute of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical College, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical College, China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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42
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Narasimhan V, Ooi G, Michael M, Ramsay R, Lynch C, Heriot A. Colorectal peritoneal metastases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment options - an evidence-based update. ANZ J Surg 2020; 90:1592-1597. [PMID: 32129577 DOI: 10.1111/ans.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastases confer the worst survival among all sites in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. They develop largely through transcoelomic spread, with a sequence of events that allow cells to first detach from primary tumours, survive in the peritoneal environment, attach to the peritoneal surface of organs and migrate into the submesothelial space to create a microenvironment conducive to metastatic growth. Diagnostic challenges have previously hindered early identification of peritoneal metastases. While advances in diagnostic modalities have improved our ability to identify peritoneal metastases, lesions under 0.5 cm remain challenging to detect. The advent of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can offer selected patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases a favourable long-term survival. Recent trials, however, have cast doubts on the efficacy of HIPEC, with the recent PRODIGE 7 trial showing no benefit from oxaliplatin based HIPEC in addition to good quality cytoreductive surgery in resectable disease. While peritoneal recurrence can be reliably predicted from high-risk features in primary tumours such as a perforated cancer, ovarian metastases or T4a cancers, the use of prophylactic second look surgery with HIPEC or adjuvant HIPEC failed to demonstrate any survival benefit in high-risk cases in recent clinical trials, raising further questions about the efficacy of HIPEC. With high failure rates from systemic chemotherapy in unresectable disease, novel surgical techniques such as pressurized intraperitoneal aerolized chemotherapy are being investigated in clinical trials worldwide. Further collaborative research is needed to explore newer avenues of treatment for this poor prognostic cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Narasimhan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraldine Ooi
- Department of General Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Michael
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Ramsay
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig Lynch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Heriot
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Kumar AR, Shanmugasundaram KB, Li J, Zhang Z, Ibn Sina AA, Wuethrich A, Trau M. Ultrasensitive melanoma biomarker detection using a microchip SERS immunoassay with anisotropic Au–Ag alloy nanoboxes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28778-28785. [PMID: 35520058 PMCID: PMC9055796 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of circulating biomarkers in liquid biopsies has the potential to provide a non-invasive route for earlier cancer diagnosis and treatment management. Melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) is a membrane protein characteristic for melanoma cell migration and tissue invasion with its soluble form (sMCSP) serving as a potential promising diagnostic surrogate. However, at the initial disease stage, the detection of sMCSP is challenging because of its low abundance and the required high specificity to analyze sMCSP in complex bodily fluids. Herein, we report a highly sensitive and high-throughput microchip that enables Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) immunoassay for parallel detection of up to 28 samples. Key to assay speed and sensitivity is the stimulation of an alternating current-induced nanofluidic mixing that improves target-sensor collision and displacement of non-specific molecules. Anisotropic Au–Ag alloy nanoboxes (NB's) with strong plasmonic hot spots provide single SERS particle sensitivity that enables ultrasensitive sMCSP detection of as low as 0.79 pM (200 pg ml−1). As a proof of concept study, we investigate the assay performance in simulated melanoma patient samples. The detection of circulating biomarkers in liquid biopsies has the potential to provide a non-invasive route for earlier cancer diagnosis and treatment management.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Raj Kumar
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Karthik Balaji Shanmugasundaram
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Junrong Li
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
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44
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Ding X, Huang R, Zhong Y, Cui N, Wang Y, Weng J, Chen L, Zang M. CTHRC1 promotes gastric cancer metastasis via HIF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109742. [PMID: 31855733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of gastric cancer (GC) related death and the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) protein is known to be involved in tissue remodeling processes and closely associated with carcinogenesis and metastasis in solid tumors, but the functional role of CTHRC1 and its underlying mechanism with tumor metastasis in GC have not been fully illuminated. In the present study, CTHRC1 was highly expressed in tumor tissues and associated with poor prognosis of GC according to TCGA and GEO database. Functional studies revealed that CTHRC1 overexpression in GC significantly increased cell migration and invasion capacity. However, the promoting effects were abolished subsequent to silencing of CXCR4. In addition, CTHRC1 increased CXCR4 expression through upregulating HIF-1α expression, which eventually contributed to the promotion of cell migration and invasion. Inhibiting HIF-1α expression decreased CXCR4 expression and suppressed cell migration and invasion in GC. These results substantiated our hypothesis that HIF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway mediated the promoting effect of CTHRC1 on cell migration and invasion in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Ding
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of General Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Renhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of General Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Na Cui
- Department of Pathology of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Junyong Weng
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingde Zang
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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45
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Cui Y, Zhang F, Jia Y, Sun L, Chen M, Wu S, Verhoeft K, Li Y, Qin Y, Guan X, Lam KO. The BMP antagonist, SOSTDC1, restrains gastric cancer progression via inactivation of c-Jun signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2331-2348. [PMID: 31815038 PMCID: PMC6895453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage when metastasis is almost inevitable. Despite numerous novel regulators have been identified in driving gastric cancer progression, much remains unclear due to the complex nature of cancer. Comparison of the transcriptome profiles of gastric primary tumor tissue, with its matched non-tumor and lymph node metastasis revealed frequent stepwise down-regulation of sclerostin domain containing 1 (SOSTDC1) related with tumor progression. Clinically, deficiency of this gene is associated with shortened survival of patients. Our results suggest that SOSTDC1 confers tumor-suppressive features in gastric cancer and silencing of it accelerates tumor growth and promotes the formation of lung metastasis. Although SOSTDC1 displayed limited inhibition of canonical SMAD-dependent bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) pathway, it remarkably restrained the c-Jun activation and transcription of c-Jun downstream targets in the noncanonical BMP signaling pathway. Furthermore, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) blockage attenuated cell proliferative and migrative advantages of SOSTDC1 knockdown cell lines. Our study comprehensively elucidated the role of SOSTDC1 in gastric cancer progression and the results translate into potential therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Cui
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Yongxu Jia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liangzhan Sun
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Shayi Wu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Krista Verhoeft
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Ka-On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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46
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Guner A, Yildirim R. Surgical management of metastatic gastric cancer: moving beyond the guidelines. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:58. [PMID: 31559339 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.08.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decreasing incidence, gastric cancer remains a major health problem worldwide and is associated with poor survival. The poor survival is mainly attributed to delayed presentation which may cause local or systemic metastases. The standard of care for patients with metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) is palliative chemotherapy with best supportive care. Although the survival has improved owing to advances in chemotherapeutic agents, it is still unsatisfactory, and some perspective changes are needed in the management of MGC to improve the outcomes. Therefore, various alternative treatment strategies for MGC have formed the most important research topics. Liver-directed treatment (LDT) options such as liver resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) have been studied in the management of liver metastasis from gastric cancer (LMGC). Intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) in addition to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) aiming to remove all macroscopic tumor focus resulting from peritoneal dissemination is the treatment option for peritoneal metastasis, while para-aortic lymph node dissection is the treatment option for para-aortic lymph node metastasis which is considered to be M1 disease. Conversion surgery is a novel concept aiming at R0 resection for originally unresectable or marginally resectable tumors after a remarkably good response to the chemotherapy. Large amounts of data in the literature have demonstrated the benefits of individualized approaches such as the combination of systemic and local treatment options in selected patient groups. In this review, we aimed to explore the current and future treatment options by reviewing the literature on this controversial topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Guner
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Institute of Medical Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Reyyan Yildirim
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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47
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Sex determining region Y-box 12 (SOX12) promotes gastric cancer metastasis by upregulating MMP7 and IGF1. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:103-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Rocha S, Teles SP, Azevedo M, Oliveira P, Carvalho J, Oliveira C. Gastric Cancer Extracellular Vesicles Tune the Migration and Invasion of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cells in a Histotype-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112608. [PMID: 31141946 PMCID: PMC6600627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by tumor cells modulate recipient cells' behavior, but their effects in normal cells from the tumor microenvironment remain poorly known. In this study, we dissected the functional impact of gastric cancer cell-derived EVs (GC-EVs), representative of distinct GC histotypes, on the behavior of normal isogenic epithelial and mesenchymal cells. GC-EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and imaging flow-cytometry. Epithelial and mesenchymal cells were challenged with GC-EVs and submitted to proliferation, migration, and invasion assays. Expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers was followed by immunofluorescence and flow-cytometry. Our results indicated that GC-EVs secreted by diffuse-type cancer cells decrease the migration of recipient cells. This effect was more prominent and persistent for mesenchymal recipient cells, which also increased Fibronectin expression in response to EVs. GC-EVs secreted by cancer cells derived from tumors with an intestinal component increased invasion of recipient epithelial cells, without changes in EMT markers. In summary, this study demonstrated that GC-EVs modulate the migration and invasion of epithelial and mesenchymal cells from the tumor microenvironment, in a histotype-dependent manner, highlighting new features of intestinal and diffuse-type GC cells, which may help explaining differential metastasis patterns and aggressiveness of GC histotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rocha
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Pinto Teles
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mafalda Azevedo
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Patrícia Oliveira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Oliveira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Department Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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49
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Yan J, Huang W, Huang X, Xiang W, Ye C, Liu J. A negative feedback loop between long noncoding RNA NBAT1 and Sox9 inhibits the malignant progression of gastric cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180882. [PMID: 30287498 PMCID: PMC6240717 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in carcinogenesis and progression, and act as important gene expression modulators. Recent evidence indicates that lncRNA neuroblastoma associated transcript 1 (NBAT1) functions as a tumor suppressor in some types of human cancers. However, its functional role in the development of gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. The aim of this research was to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of NBAT1 in GC. NBAT1 was found to be significantly down-regulated in GC tissue. Decreased NBAT1 expression was correlated with poor differentiation, higher tumor stage and lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Functional assays showed that NBAT1 inhibited GC proliferation, migration, and invasion. NBAT1 also suppressed proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Mechanistically, NBAT1 interacted with Sox9, and reduced its protein stability by promoting it from polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. Moreover, we revealed that Sox9 could occupy the NBAT1 promoter to inactivate its transcription. The negative feedback loop of NBAT1 and Sox9 continuously enhanced the suppressive effects. In conclusion, these findings suggest that feedback regulation of NBAT1 and Sox9 served as a critical effector in GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Hanchuan People's Hospital, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenwei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Hanchuan People's Hospital, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Hanchuan People's Hospital, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wencai Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Hanchuan People's Hospital, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Hanchuan People's Hospital, Hubei Province, China
| | - Juntao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hanchuan People's Hospital, Hubei Province, China
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50
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Zhang G, Isaji T, Zhiwei X, Xu L, Fukuda T, Gu J. N
‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐I as a novel regulator of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. FASEB J 2018; 33:2823-2835. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801478r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zhang
- Division of Regulatory GlycobiologyInstitute of Molecular Biomembrane and GlycobiologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- Division of Regulatory GlycobiologyInstitute of Molecular Biomembrane and GlycobiologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Xu Zhiwei
- Division of Regulatory GlycobiologyInstitute of Molecular Biomembrane and GlycobiologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Lu Xu
- Division of Regulatory GlycobiologyInstitute of Molecular Biomembrane and GlycobiologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Division of Regulatory GlycobiologyInstitute of Molecular Biomembrane and GlycobiologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory GlycobiologyInstitute of Molecular Biomembrane and GlycobiologyTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
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