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Park JB, Kang P, Ji SH, Jang YE, Lee JH, Kim JT, Kim HS, Kim EH. Atmospheric particulate matter and hypoxaemia in Korean children receiving general anaesthesia: A retrospective analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2024:00003643-990000000-00195. [PMID: 38884417 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter on the day of surgery and the occurrence of intra-operative hypoxaemia in children receiving general anaesthesia is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the exposure to of particulate matter on the day of surgery and the occurrence of intra-operative hypoxaemia, defined as a pulse oximetry oxygen saturation of less than 90% for more than 1 min, in children. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Single-centre. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 18 years or younger who received general anaesthesia between January 2019 and October 2020. INTERVENTION Information on daily levels of particulate matter with a diameter 10 μm or less and 2.5 μm or less measured within a neighbourhood corresponding to the area defined by the hospital's zip code was obtained from publicly available air-quality data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was intra-operative hypoxaemia, defined as a pulse oximetry oxygen saturation of less than 90% lasting for more than 1 min, manually verified by anaesthesiologists using vital sign registry data extracted at 2 s intervals. RESULTS Of the patients finally analysed, 3.85% (489/13 175) experienced intra-operative hypoxaemia. Higher levels of particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (≥81 μg m-3, 472/12 900, 3.7%) were associated with an increased occurrence of intra-operative hypoxaemia compared with lower particulate matter concentrations [<81 μg m-3, 17/275, 6.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 2.83; P = 0.035]. CONCLUSION The level of particulate matter on the day of surgery pose a risk of intra-operative hypoxaemia in children receiving general anaesthesia. If the concentrations of particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter on the day of surgery are high, children receiving general anaesthesia should be managed with increased caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Bin Park
- From the Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-BP, PK, S-HJ, Y-EJ, J-HL, J-TK, H-SK, E-HK)
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Cogen JD, Perkins A, Mockler B, Barton KS, Schwartz A, Boos M, Radhakrishnan A, Rai P, Tandon P, Philipsborn R, Grow HM. Pediatric Resident and Program Director Views on Climate Change and Health Curricula: A Multi-Institution Study. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:654-662. [PMID: 38232072 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The American Academy of Pediatrics emphasized in a 2007 policy statement the importance of educating trainees on the impacts of climate change on children's health, yet few studies have evaluated trainee knowledge and attitudes about climate change-related health effects in children. This multi-institution study assessed pediatric resident and program director (1) knowledge/attitudes on climate change and health, (2) perspectives on the importance of incorporating climate and health content into pediatric graduate medical education, and (3) preferred topics/activities to include in climate and health curricula. METHOD This mixed-methods study employed an anonymous cross-sectional survey of pediatric residents and residency program directors from Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD) Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network (LEARN)-affiliated programs. Multivariable regression models and factor analyses were used to examine associations among resident demographics and resident knowledge, attitudes, and interest in a climate change curriculum. A conventional content analysis was conducted for the open-ended responses. RESULTS Eighteen programs participated in the study with all program directors (100% response rate) and 663 residents (average response rate per program, 53%; overall response rate, 42%) completing respective surveys. Of the program directors, only 3 (17%) felt very or moderately knowledgeable about the association between climate change and health impacts. The majority of residents (n=423, 64%) agreed/strongly agreed that physicians should discuss global warming/climate change and its health effects with patients/families, while only 138 residents (21%) agreed/strongly agreed that they were comfortable talking with patients and families about these issues. Most residents (n=498, 76%) and program directors (n=15, 83%) agreed/strongly agreed that a climate change curriculum should be incorporated into their pediatrics training program. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric residents and program directors support curricula that prepare future pediatricians to address the impact of climate change on children's health; however, few programs currently offer specific training, despite identified needs.
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Oerther S, Oerther DB. The Role of the School Nurse in Addressing Climate-Associated Illnesses: Water. NASN Sch Nurse 2024; 39:125-129. [PMID: 37968840 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x231208711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is having an unprecedented influence on human health. For example, increased frequency of storms with excessive precipitation may contribute to flooding, which contributes to increased water-related dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory illnesses. Some of these water-related illnesses, which can be transmitted via recreational waterborne pathways, may be seen in school-age children. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of the impact some recreational water-related illnesses have on school-age children's health and to provide school nurses with information on the signs and symptoms of these illnesses as well as prevention tips nurses may wish to share with parents. This is the third article in a series meant to inform school nurses about illnesses linked to local changes in weather that may be arising from global changes in climate and provide them with the tools they need to safeguard children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Oerther
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel B Oerther
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
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Oerther S, Manspeaker S. The Role of the School Nurse in Addressing Climate-Associated Illnesses: Air Quality. NASN Sch Nurse 2024; 39:71-74. [PMID: 38087818 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x231200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is having an unprecedented influence on human health. Children's allergies and respiratory problems are increasing because of rising pollen levels and air pollution. School nurses are well positioned to prevent and treat allergies, asthma, and other respiratory conditions. Due to their consistent presence with the school setting, nurses can promote health, wellness, and academic productivity by addressing poor indoor and outdoor air quality. The purpose of this article is to increase understanding of how air quality affects the health of school-age children and to provide school nurses with primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies for ensuring clean and healthy learning environments. This is the second in a series of articles aimed at raising awareness among school nurses about climate-associated illnesses and equipping them with the resources they need to protect students' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Oerther
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sarah Manspeaker
- Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
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Feng R, Li Z, Qi Z. China's anthropogenic N 2O emissions with analysis of economic costs and social benefits from reductions in 2022. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120234. [PMID: 38308993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
We assess China's overall anthropogenic N2O emissions via the official guidebook published by Chinese government. Results show that China's overall anthropogenic N2O emissions in 2022 were around 1593.1 (1508.7-1680.7) GgN, about 47.0 %, 27.0 %, 13.4 %, 4.9 %, and 7.7 % of which were caused by agriculture, industry, energy utilization, wastewater, and indirect sources, respectively. Maximum reduction rate for N2O emissions from agriculture, industry, energy utilization, wastewater, and indirect sources can achieve 69 %, 99 %, 79 %, 86 %, and 48 %, respectively, in 2022. However, given current global scenarios with a rapidly changing population and geopolitical and energy tension, the emission reduction may not be fully fulfilled. Without compromising yields, China's theoretical minimum anthropogenic N2O emissions would be 600.6 (568.8-633.6) GgN. In terms of the economic costs for reducing one kg of N2O-N emissions, the price ranged from €12.9 to €81.1 for agriculture, from €0.08 to €0.16 for industry, and from €104.8 to €1571.5 for energy utilization. We acknowledge the emission reduction rates may not be completely realistic for large-scale application in China. The social benefits gained from reducing one kg of N2O-N emissions in China was about €5.2, indicating anthropogenic N2O emissions caused a loss 0.03 % of China's GDP, but only justifying reduction in industrial N2O emissions from the economic perspective. We perceive that the present monetized values will be trustworthy for at least three to five years, but later the numerical monetized values need to be considered in inflation and other currency-dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Xiacheng District Study-Aid Science & Technology Studio, Hangzhou, 310004, China
| | - Zhuangzhou Qi
- School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Bultas MW, Oerther S. The Role of the School Nurse in Addressing Climate-Associated Illnesses: Heat. NASN Sch Nurse 2024:1942602X231223158. [PMID: 38193318 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x231223158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Extremely hot or humid days are anticipated to continue, occur more often, and intensify over time. School-age children are especially vulnerable to extreme heat. The primary acute health effects of heat on children can range from heat exhaustion to heatstroke. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of the impact some acute heat-related illnesses have on school-age children's health and to provide school nurses with information on the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses as well as prevention tips to share with parents and school administrators. This is the fifth article in a series meant to inform school nurses about illnesses linked to the climate and provide them with the tools they need to safeguard children' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret W Bultas
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sarah Oerther
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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Lykins AD, Bonich M, Sundaraja C, Cosh S. Climate change anxiety positively predicts antenatal distress in expectant female parents. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 101:102801. [PMID: 38086278 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Clinical and subclinical levels of anxiety and depression are common experiences during pregnancy for expectant women; however, despite rising awareness of significant climate change anxiety around the world, the extent to which this particular type of anxiety may be contributing to overall antenatal psychological distress is currently unknown. Furthermore, the content of concerns that expectant women may have for their existing or future children remains unexplored. To address this gap in knowledge, 103 expectant Australian women completed standardised assessments of antenatal worry and depression, climate change anxiety, and perceived distance to climate change, and responded to several open-ended questions on concerns they had for their children. Results indicated that climate change anxiety accounted for significant percentages of variance in both antenatal worry and depression scores and, unexpectedly, neither child number nor perceived distance to climate change moderated these relationships. Content analysis of qualitative data highlighted the significant health-related anxieties for participants' children related to climate change (e.g., disease, exposure to extreme weather events, food/water insecurity). Given the escalating nature of climate change, further investigation of this relatively new stressor contributing to the experience of anxiety and distress, particularly in uniquely vulnerable groups such as expectant women, is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Lykins
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Mary Bonich
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cassandra Sundaraja
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne Cosh
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Oerther S, Berkley A, Reangsing C. The Role of the School Nurse in Addressing Climate-Associated Illnesses: Mental Well-being. NASN Sch Nurse 2023:1942602X231214264. [PMID: 38058178 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x231214264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Human health is being impacted by anthropogenic (human-made) climate change. This article describes four ways that climate change may affect mental well-being in school-age children. First, natural disasters-such as more frequent and intense tornadoes and flash floods-may have a direct influence on mental well-being by contributing to acute anxiety and distress. Second, indirect effects of severe weather-including changes in social support systems-may affect mental well-being by increasing isolation. Third, children may suffer feelings of anxiety or depression if they perceive a sense of powerlessness to solve the challenges of a changing climate. Finally, school nurses need to be aware of the emergence of correlations-such as data that suggest increases in temperature may influence the use of inpatient mental health services and suicidal ideations-that require further scientific exploration. This article aims to increase school nurses' understanding of how climate changes may impact the mental well-being of school-age children and to provide strategies for creating a safe, healthy learning environment. This article is the fourth in a series aimed at raising awareness among school nurses about climate-associated illnesses and equipping them with the resources they need to protect school-age children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Oerther
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Amy Berkley
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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Chaney D, Séraphin H. A systematic literature review and lexicometric analysis on overtourism: Towards an ambidextrous perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119123. [PMID: 37778061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
While overtourism is a relatively recent term, it has nevertheless triggered a large number of publications because of its human, environmental and social challenges. This systematic review therefore aims to take stock of the literature on overtourism. A lexicometric analysis based on 236 articles reveals that research on overtourism is highly concentrated and articulated around three main themes: the management, the experience, and the context of overtourism. The findings also suggest that academic research has so far focused on the negative impacts of overtourism. Subsequently, this study is calling for an ambidextrous approach, taking into account both the negative effects of overtourism, while also considering it as an opportunity in addressing the problem.
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Aguilera J, Konvinse K, Lee A, Maecker H, Prunicki M, Mahalingaiah S, Sampath V, Utz PJ, Yang E, Nadeau KC. Air pollution and pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151838. [PMID: 37858459 PMCID: PMC10843016 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Increased fossil fuel usage and extreme climate change events have led to global increases in greenhouse gases and particulate matter with 99% of the world's population now breathing polluted air that exceeds the World Health Organization's recommended limits. Pregnant women and neonates with exposure to high levels of air pollutants are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes such as maternal hypertensive disorders, postpartum depression, placental abruption, low birth weight, preterm birth, infant mortality, and adverse lung and respiratory effects. While the exact mechanism by which air pollution exerts adverse health effects is unknown, oxidative stress as well as epigenetic and immune mechanisms are thought to play roles. Comprehensive, global efforts are urgently required to tackle the health challenges posed by air pollution through policies and action for reducing air pollution as well as finding ways to protect the health of vulnerable populations in the face of increasing air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aguilera
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, El Paso, Texas
| | | | - Alexandra Lee
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Mary Prunicki
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Shruthi Mahalingaiah
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of OB/GYN, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Paul J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Emily Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA.
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Wallerich L, Fillol A, Rivadeneyra A, Vandentorren S, Wittwer J, Cambon L. Environment and child well-being: A scoping review of reviews to guide policies. Health Promot Perspect 2023; 13:168-182. [PMID: 37808945 PMCID: PMC10558968 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2023.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acting on social determinants is the most effective, efficient, and fairest strategy to improve population health and health equity. Because of their vulnerability and dependence, children are particularly exposed to the deleterious effects of their living environment. Taking these issues into account in the development of public policies and identifying levers for action are crucial. The objective of this scoping review of reviews is to identify the main environmental determinants on children's health and development, and their mechanisms of effect, to be addressed by public policies. Methods We conducted a scoping review of reviews in accordance with the method developed by Arksey and O'Malley, and Levac and colleagues' methodology advancement and the PRISMA guideline. Inclusion criteria were identified with the PICos (population-phenomena of interest-context-study design) framework. We used the PubMed database and conducted a thematic analyze. Results Forty-seven articles were selected. Their analysis allowed us to identify five categories of interdependent environmental determinants of child health: i) urban design ii) contaminants, iii) parenting environment, iv) social conditions, v) climate change. Together and in a systemic way, they act on the health of the child. Conclusion The review carried out allows us to propose a pragmatic framework for clarifying the effects of the physical, social, and economic environment on children's health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Wallerich
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Mérisp/PHARES, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Fillol
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Mérisp/PHARES, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ana Rivadeneyra
- Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology and Development, Bordeaux, France
- Equipe PHARes, Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- French Public Health Agency, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France
- University of Bordeaux, Centre INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Wittwer
- University of Bordeaux, Centre INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Linda Cambon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Mérisp/PHARES, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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12
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Mosadeghrad AM, Isfahani P, Eslambolchi L, Zahmatkesh M, Afshari M. Strategies to strengthen a climate-resilient health system: a scoping review. Global Health 2023; 19:62. [PMID: 37641052 PMCID: PMC10463427 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is a major global threat to human health and puts tremendous pressure on health systems. Therefore, a resilient health system is crucial to enhance, maintain, and restore the population's health. This study aimed to identify interventions and actions to strengthen a climate-resilient health system to deal with the adverse health effects of climate change. METHOD This study was a scoping review. Five databases and Google Scholar search engine were searched using relevant keywords. Initially, 4945 documents were identified, and 105 were included in the review. Content thematic analysis method was applied using MAXQDA 10 software. RESULTS Overall, 87 actions were identified for building a climate-resilient health system and were classified into six themes (i.e., governance and leadership; financing; health workforce; essential medical products and technologies; health information systems; and service delivery). The most commonly reported actions were formulating a national health and climate change adaptation plan, developing plans for essential services (electricity, heating, cooling, ventilation, and water supply), assessing the vulnerabilities and capacities of the health system, and enhancing surveillance systems targeting climate-sensitive diseases and their risk sources. CONCLUSIONS A holistic and systemic approach is needed to build a climate-resilient health system owing to its complex adaptive nature. Strong governance and leadership, raising public awareness, strategic resource allocation, climate change mitigation, emergency preparedness, robust health services delivery, and supporting research, are essential to building a climate-resilient health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad
- Professor of Health policy and management, Health Economics and Management Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parvaneh Isfahani
- School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Leila Eslambolchi
- PhD in Health management, Health Economics and Management Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Zahmatkesh
- School of Business and Management, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, England
| | - Mahnaz Afshari
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
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Chalupka SM, Latter A, Trombley J. Climate and Environmental Change: A Generation at Risk. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2023; 48:181-187. [PMID: 36943828 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Climate and environmental changes have been described as the biggest global health threat of the 21st century, with the potential to cause immediate harm in early life with important lifelong effects, and important consequences for future generations. Pregnant women and children are increasingly being recognized as vulnerable populations in the context of climate change. The effects can be direct or indirect through heat stress, extreme weather events, and air pollution, potentially affecting both the immediate and long-term health of pregnant women and newborns through a broad range of mechanisms. Climate and environmental changes have wide-ranging effects on a woman's reproductive life including sexual maturation and fertility, pregnancy outcomes, lactation, breastfeeding, and menopause. A comprehensive overview of these impacts is presented as well as opportunities for interventions for nurses practicing in perinatal, neonatal, midwifery, and pediatric specialties.
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Raiten DJ, Bremer AA. Exploring the intersection of climate/environmental change, food systems, nutrition, and health: global challenge, opportunity, or both? Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:224-226. [PMID: 36811569 PMCID: PMC10196608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Barrere-Cain R. Intersectional community-centered climate change curriculum is needed in health professional education. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 160:388-390. [PMID: 36310501 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rio Barrere-Cain
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Effects of heat exposure on the thermoregulatory responses of young children. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103507. [PMID: 37055125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether young children's thermoregulation during heat exposure varies with age and body size. A total of 34 young children (aged 6 months-8 years)-18 boys and 16 girls-participated in the study. They were divided into five groups according to age (<1 year, 1 year, 2-3 years, 4-5 years, and 8 years). The participants sat for 30 min in a 27°C, 50% rh room, then moved to a 35°C, 70% rh room and remained seated for at least 30 min. They then returned to the first 27°C room and remained stationary for 30 min. Rectal temperature (Tre) and skin temperature (Tsk) were continuously recorded, and the amount of whole-body sweat rate (SR) was measured. Local SR of the back and upper arm were collected with filter paper to calculate local sweating volume, and Na + concentration was measured later. The smaller the age, the significantly greater the increase in Tre. There was no significant difference in the amount of whole-body SR and the increase in Tsk during the heating among the five groups. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in whole-body SR per increase in Tre during heating between the five groups, but a significant difference was found in back local SR per increase in Tre with age. Difference in local SR between upper arm and back was observed at age 2 years and above, and difference in Na+ concentrations in sweat was observed at age 8 years. The development of thermoregulatory responses with growth was observed. The results indicate that the thermoregulatory response is disadvantaged by immature mechanisms and small body size in younger children.
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Han A, Deng S, Yu J, Zhang Y, Jalaludin B, Huang C. Asthma triggered by extreme temperatures: From epidemiological evidence to biological plausibility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114489. [PMID: 36208788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is rapidly growing evidence indicating that extreme temperature is a crucial trigger and potential activator of asthma; however, the effects of extreme temperature on asthma are inconsistently reported and the its potential mechanisms remain undefined. OBJECTIVES This review aims to estimate the impacts of extreme heat, extreme cold, and temperature variations on asthma by systematically summarizing the existing studies from epidemiological evidence to biological plausibility. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to June 30, 2022, and we retrieved articles of epidemiology and biological studies which assessed associations between extreme temperatures and asthma. This protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021273613). RESULTS From 12,435 identified records, 111 eligible studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 37 articles were included in the meta-analysis (20 for extreme heat, 16 for extreme cold, and 15 for temperature variations). For epidemiological evidence, we found that the synergistic effects of extreme temperatures, indoor/outdoor environments, and individual vulnerabilities are important triggers for asthma attacks, especially when there is extreme heat or cold. Meta-analysis further confirmed the associations, and the pooled relative risks for asthma attacks in extreme heat and extreme cold were 1.07 (95%CI: 1.03-1.12) and 1.20 (95%CI: 1.12-1.29), respectively. Additionally, this review discussed the potential inflammatory mechanisms behind the associations between extreme temperatures and asthma exacerbation, and highlighted the regulatory role of immunological pathways and transient receptor potential ion channels in asthma triggered by extreme temperatures. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that both extreme heat and cold could significantly increase the risk of asthma. Additionally, we proposed a potential mechanistic framework, which is important for understanding the disease pathogenesis that uncovers the complex mechanisms of asthma triggered by extreme temperatures and protects the sensitive individuals from impacts of extreme weather events and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhu Han
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shizhou Deng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiarui Yu
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen 518028, China, School of Arts and Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yali Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Li-Martín A, Reyes-Carreto R, Vargas-De-León C. Dynamics of a dengue disease transmission model with two-stage structure in the human population. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:955-974. [PMID: 36650797 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Age as a risk factor is common in vector-borne infectious diseases. This is partly because children depend on adults to take preventative measures, and adults are less susceptible to mosquito bites because they generally spend less time outdoors than children. We propose a dengue disease model that considers the human population as divided into two subpopulations: children and adults. This is in order to take into consideration that children are more likely than adults to be bitten by mosquitoes. We calculated the basic reproductive number of dengue, using the next-generation operator method. We determined the local and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium. We obtained sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium using the Lyapunov functional method. When the infected periods in children and adults are the same, we that the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable in the interior of the feasible region when the threshold quantity $ R_0 > 1 $. Additionally, we performed a numerical simulation using parameter values obtained from the literature. Finally, a local sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the parameters that have the greatest influence on changes in $ (R_0) $, and thereby obtain a better biological interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alian Li-Martín
- Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ciudad Universitaria s/n Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Ramón Reyes-Carreto
- Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ciudad Universitaria s/n Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Cruz Vargas-De-León
- Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ciudad Universitaria s/n Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Liu Y, Sun B, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zheng L, Zhang L, Yao X, Cheng Y. Knowledge, Attitude, Risk Perception, and Health-Related Adaptive Behavior of Primary School Children towards Climate Change: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15648. [PMID: 36497723 PMCID: PMC9740326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are disproportionately affected by climate change while evidence regarding their adaptive behavior and relevant influencing factors is limited. OBJECTIVES We attempted to investigate health-related adaptive behavior towards climate change for primary school children in China and explore potential influencing factors. METHODS We conducted a survey of 8322 primary school children in 12 cities across China. Knowledge, attitude, risk perception, and adaptive behavior scores for children were collected using a designed questionnaire. Weather exposures of cities were collected from 2014 to 2018. We applied a multiple linear regression and mixed-effect regression to assess the influencing factors of adaptive behavior. We also used the structural equation model (SEM) to validate the theoretical framework of adaptive behavior. RESULTS Most children (76.1%) were aware of climate change. They mainly get information from television, smartphones, and the Internet. A 1 score increase in knowledge, attitude, and risk perception was associated with 0.210, 0.386, and 0.160 increase in adaptive behavior scores, respectively. Females and children having air conditioners or heating systems at home were positively associated with adaptive behavior. Exposure to cold and rainstorms increased the adaptive behavior scores, while heat exposure had the opposite effects. The SEM showed that knowledge was positively associated with attitude and risk perception. Knowledge, attitude, and risk perception corresponded to 31.6%, 22.8%, and 26.1% changes of adaptive behavior, respectively. CONCLUSION Most primary school children in China were aware of climate change. Knowledge, attitude, risk perception, cold, and rainstorm exposure were positively associated with health-related adaptive behavior towards climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xinhang Zhang
- Tongzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101199, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yanxiang Liu
- Public Meteorological Service Center of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Sun
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhirong Zhou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Linxin Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yibin Cheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
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Matsumoto Y, Nakai H, Koga Y, Hasegawa T, Miyagi Y. Disaster Evacuation for Home-Based Patients with Special Healthcare Needs: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15356. [PMID: 36430076 PMCID: PMC9690564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent super-typhoons and torrential rains triggered by global warming have had disproportionately large effects on medically vulnerable people in Japan. This study aimed to identify factors associated with intention to evacuate to the nearest public shelter among family caregivers of pediatric patients receiving home medical care. The study included family caregivers of these patients from the Department of Pediatrics, Fukuoka University Hospital, Japan, including family caregivers of young adults with special healthcare needs. An original questionnaire was prepared drawing on previous studies and used for an interview survey. Overall, 57 individuals provided valid data and were included in the analysis. Factors associated with evacuation intention were non-use of a home ventilator (odds ratio [OR] 3.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-14.03) and not having made arrangements to use a non-public shelter (OR 7.29 95% CI: 1.62-32.88). This means that those who use mechanical ventilation or have secured alternative places to go if they need to evacuate their homes may not use the nearest public shelter in a disaster. We recommend that policy makers consider the use of mechanical ventilation and the availability of non-public shelters as predictors of evacuation behavior when considering disaster preparedness for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Matsumoto
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan
| | - Hisao Nakai
- School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku 920-0265, Japan
| | - Yumi Koga
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan
| | - Tamayo Hasegawa
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan
| | - Yumiko Miyagi
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan
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Sahani M, Othman H, Kwan SC, Juneng L, Ibrahim MF, Hod R, Zaini ZI, Mustafa M, Nnafie I, Ching LC, Dambul R, Varkkey H, Phung VLH, Mamood SNH, Karim N, Abu Bakar NF, Wahab MIA, Zulfakar SS, Rosli Y. Impacts of climate change and environmental degradation on children in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:909779. [PMID: 36311578 PMCID: PMC9614245 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.909779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The impacts of climate change and degradation are increasingly felt in Malaysia. While everyone is vulnerable to these impacts, the health and wellbeing of children are disproportionately affected. We carried out a study composed of two major components. The first component is an environmental epidemiology study comprised of three sub-studies: (i) a global climate model (GCM) simulating specific health-sector climate indices; (ii) a time-series study to estimate the risk of childhood respiratory disease attributable to ambient air pollution; and (iii) a case-crossover study to identify the association between haze and under-five mortality in Malaysia. The GCM found that Malaysia has been experiencing increasing rainfall intensity over the years, leading to increased incidences of other weather-related events. The time-series study revealed that air quality has worsened, while air pollution and haze have been linked to an increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases among children. Although no clear association between haze and under-five mortality was found in the case-crossover study, the lag patterns suggested that health effects could be more acute if haze occurred over a longer duration and at a higher intensity. The second component consists of three community surveys on marginalized children conducted (i) among the island community of Pulau Gaya, Sabah; (ii) among the indigenous Temiar tribe in Pos Kuala Mu, Perak; and (iii) among an urban poor community (B40) in PPR Sg. Bonus, Kuala Lumpur. The community surveys are cross-sectional studies employing a socio-ecological approach using a standardized questionnaire. The community surveys revealed how children adapt to climate change and environmental degradation. An integrated model was established that consolidates our overall research processes and demonstrates the crucial interconnections between environmental challenges exacerbated by climate change. It is recommended that Malaysian schools adopt a climate-smart approach to education to instill awareness of the impending climate change and its cascading impact on children's health from early school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazrura Sahani
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hidayatulfathi Othman
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo Chen Kwan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liew Juneng
- Centre for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faiz Ibrahim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zul'Izzat Ikhwan Zaini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Penang Branch, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Maizatun Mustafa
- Legal Practice Department, Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Issmail Nnafie
- Climate and Environment, UNICEF Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Lai Che Ching
- Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Heritage, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Ramzah Dambul
- Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Heritage, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Helena Varkkey
- Department of International and Strategic Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vera Ling Hui Phung
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Siti Nur Hanis Mamood
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Karim
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Faizah Abu Bakar
- Center for Diagnostic Therapeautic and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ikram A. Wahab
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Shahara Zulfakar
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yanti Rosli
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Yanti Rosli
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Tiwari I, Tilstra M, Campbell SM, Nielsen CC, Hodgins S, Osornio Vargas AR, Whitfield K, Sapkota BP, Yamamoto SS. Climate change impacts on the health of South Asian children and women subpopulations - A scoping review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10811. [PMID: 36203903 PMCID: PMC9529585 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Climate change impacts are felt unequally worldwide; populations that experience geographical vulnerability, those living in small island states and densely populated coastal areas, and children and women are affected disproportionately. This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence from relevant studies centred on South Asia, identify research gaps specifically focused on children and women's health, and contribute to knowledge about South Asia's existing mitigation and adaptation strategies. Methods A research librarian executed the search on six databases using controlled vocabulary (e.g., MeSH, Emtree, etc.) and keywords representing the concepts “vulnerable populations” and “climate change” and “health impacts” and “South Asia.” Databases were searched from January 2010 to May 2020. Papers were screened independently by two researchers. Results Forty-two studies were included, of which 23 were based in India, 14 in Bangladesh, and five in other South Asian countries. Nineteen studies focused on meteorological factors as the primary exposure. In contrast, thirteen focused on extreme weather events, nine on air pollution, and one on salinity in coastal areas. Thirty-four studies focused on the health impacts on children related to extreme weather events, meteorological factors, and air pollution, while only eight studies looked at health impacts on women. Undernutrition, ARI (acute respiratory infection), diarrheal diseases, low birth weight, and premature mortality were the major health impacts attributed to extreme weather events, meteorological factors, and air pollution exposure in children and women in the region. Conclusion Extreme weather events, meteorological factors and air pollution have affected the health of children and women in South Asia. However, the gap in the literature across the South Asian countries concerning relationships between exposure to extreme weather events, meteorological factors, air pollution and health effects, including mental health problems in children and women, are opportunities for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Tiwari
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - McKenzie Tilstra
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Sandra M. Campbell
- John W. Scott Health Science Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Charlene C. Nielsen
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Stephen Hodgins
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Alvaro R. Osornio Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Kyle Whitfield
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, 116 & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB
| | - Bhim Prasad Sapkota
- Center for International Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Ram Shah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shelby S. Yamamoto
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
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Morrison SA. Moving in a hotter world: Maintaining adequate childhood fitness as a climate change countermeasure. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 10:179-197. [PMID: 37332309 PMCID: PMC10274554 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children cope with high temperatures differently than adults do, largely because of slight alterations in their body proportions and heat loss mechanisms compared to fully mature humans. Paradoxically, all current tools of assessing thermal strain have been developed on adults. As the Earth's warming continues to accelerate, children are set to bear the health risk brunt of rising global temperatures. Physical fitness has a direct impact on heat tolerance, yet children are less fit and more obese than ever before. Longitudinal research reveals that children have 30% lower aerobic fitness than their parents did at the same age; this deficit is greater than can be recovered by training alone. So, as the planet's climate and weather patterns become more extreme, children may become less capable of tolerating it. This comprehensive review provides an outline of child thermoregulation and assessment of thermal strain, before moving to summarize how aerobic fitness can modulate hyperthermia, heat tolerance, and behavioral thermoregulation in this under-researched population. The nature of child physical activity, physical fitness, and one's physical literacy journey as an interconnected paradigm for promoting climate change resilience is explored. Finally, future research foci are suggested to encourage continued exploration of this dynamic field, notable since more extreme, multifactorial environmental stressors are expected to continue challenging the physiological strain of the human population for the foreseeable future.
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Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127534. [PMID: 35742785 PMCID: PMC9224398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Worsening air quality and pollution lead to numerous environmental health and sustainability issues in the South Asia region. This study analyzes India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal for air quality data trends and sustainability indicators. Methodology: By using a population-based study design, six South Asian countries were analyzed using a step-wise approach. Data were obtained from government websites and publicly available repositories for region dynamics and key variables. Results: Between 1990 and 2020, air quality data indicated the highest rise in CO2 emissions in India (578.5 to 2441.8 million tons) (MT), Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. Greenhouse gas emissions, from 1990 to 2018, nearly tripled in India (1990.4 to 3346.6 MT of CO2-equivalents), Nepal (20.6 to 54.6 MT of CO2-equivalents), and Pakistan, and doubled in Bangladesh. Methane emissions rose the highest in Pakistan (70.4 to 151 MT of CO2-equivalents), followed by Nepal (17 to 31 MT of CO2-equivalents) and India (524.8 to 669.3 MT of CO2-equivalents). Nitrous oxide nearly doubled in Bangladesh (16.5 to 29.3 MT of CO2-equivalents), India (141.6 to 256.9 MT of CO2-equivalents), Nepal (17 to 31 MT of CO2-equivalents), and more than doubled in Pakistan (27 to 61 MT of CO2-equivalents). On noting particulate matter 2,5 annual exposure, India saw the highest rise from 81.3 µg/m3 (in 1990) to 90.9 µg/m3 (2017), whereas trends were steady in Pakistan (60.34 to 58.3 µg/m3). The highest rise was noted in Nepal (87.6 to 99.7 µg/m3) until 2017. During the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic, the pre-and post-pandemic changes between 2018 and 2021 indicated the highest PM2.5 concentration in Bangladesh (76.9 µg/m3), followed by Pakistan (66.8 µg/m3), India (58.1 µg/m3), Nepal (46 µg/m3) and Sri Lanka (17.4 µg/m3). Overall, South Asian countries contribute to the worst air quality and sustainability trends regions worldwide. Conclusions: Air pollution is prevalent across a majority of South Asia countries. Owing to unsustainable industrial practices, pollution trends have risen to hazardous levels. Economic, environmental, and human health impacts have manifested and require urgent, concerted efforts by governing bodies in the region.
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Liu B, Fan Y, Xue B, Wang T, Chao Q. Feature extraction and classification of climate change risks: a bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:495. [PMID: 35691976 PMCID: PMC9188839 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Risks brought by climate change are inevitable obstacles to global development. Clarifying the features of climate change risks helps us to further understand and cope with climate change. There lacks a systematic review of climate change risks in terms of feature extraction and classification. The bibliometric analysis can be used to analyze and extract climate change risk features. The literature in the field of climate change was searched in the Web of Science database. Coauthors, citations, bibliographic coupling, co-citations, and keyword co-occurrence were analyzed. From five dimensions including nature, politics, economy, society, and culture, the risk features of climate change were extracted and summarized. Through text mining and cluster analysis, the climate change risk feature system was established, which is embodied in five different aspects: ecosystem and sustainability; uncertainty, vulnerability, and efficiency; behavior and decision-making; governance and management; and adaptation and mitigation. The feature system reflects that the current climate change risk presents strong variability and that the risk boundary is gradually blurred. The areas affected by risk are expanding and deepening. The strategies and governance for addressing risks are gradually diversified. This research contributes to the domain of climate change risk identification and assessment. The features of climate change indicate that we need to adjust policymaking and managerial practices for climate change in the future. Interdisciplinary cooperation, human cognition and preferences, public participation in global governance, and other unnatural factors related to climate change should be strengthened with a more positive attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Yufeng Fan
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Bin Xue
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, No. 174, Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Qingchen Chao
- National Climate Center, Haidian District, No. 46, Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing, 100081 China
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Mank I, Sorgho R, Zerbo F, Kagoné M, Coulibaly B, Oguso J, Mbata M, Khagayi S, Muok EMO, Sié A, Danquah I. ALIMUS-We are feeding! Study protocol of a multi-center, cluster-randomized controlled trial on the effects of a home garden and nutrition counseling intervention to reduce child undernutrition in rural Burkina Faso and Kenya. Trials 2022; 23:449. [PMID: 35650583 PMCID: PMC9157031 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change heavily affects child nutritional status in sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural and dietary diversification are promising tools to balance agricultural yield losses and nutrient deficits in crops. However, rigorous impact evaluation of such adaptation strategies is lacking. This project will determine the potential of an integrated home gardening and nutrition counseling program as one possible climate change adaptation strategy to improve child health in rural Burkina Faso and Kenya. METHODS Based on careful co-design with stakeholders and beneficiaries, we conduct a multi-center, cluster-randomized controlled trial with 2 × 600 households in North-Western Burkina Faso and in South-Eastern Kenya. We recruit households with children at the age of complementary feed introduction (6-24 months) and with access to water sources. The intervention comprises the bio-diversification of horticultural home gardens and nutritional health counseling, using the 7 Essential Nutrition Action messages by the World Health Organization. After 12-months of follow-up, we will determine the intervention effect on the primary health outcome height-for-age z-score, using multi-level mixed models in an intention-to-treat approach. Secondary outcomes comprise other anthropometric indices, iron and zinc status, dietary behavior, malaria indicators, and household socioeconomic status. DISCUSSION This project will establish the potential of a home gardening and nutrition counseling program to counteract climate change-related quantitative and qualitative agricultural losses, thereby improving the nutritional status among young children in rural sub-Saharan Africa. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00019076 . Registered on 27 July 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mank
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Institute for Development Evaluation (DEval), Bonn, Germany
| | - Raissa Sorgho
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fanta Zerbo
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - John Oguso
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Michael Mbata
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Sammy Khagayi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Erick M O Muok
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ali Sié
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Ina Danquah
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Berberian AG, Gonzalez DJX, Cushing LJ. Racial Disparities in Climate Change-Related Health Effects in the United States. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:451-464. [PMID: 35633370 PMCID: PMC9363288 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Climate change is causing warming over most parts of the USA and more extreme weather events. The health impacts of these changes are not experienced equally. We synthesize the recent evidence that climatic changes linked to global warming are having a disparate impact on the health of people of color, including children. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple studies of heat, extreme cold, hurricanes, flooding, and wildfires find evidence that people of color, including Black, Latinx, Native American, Pacific Islander, and Asian communities are at higher risk of climate-related health impacts than Whites, although this is not always the case. Studies of adults have found evidence of racial disparities related to climatic changes with respect to mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular disease, mental health, and heat-related illness. Children are particularly vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change, and infants and children of color have experienced adverse perinatal outcomes, occupational heat stress, and increases in emergency department visits associated with extreme weather. The evidence strongly suggests climate change is an environmental injustice that is likely to exacerbate existing racial disparities across a broad range of health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alique G Berberian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, 71-259 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David J X Gonzalez
- School of Public Health and Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lara J Cushing
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, 71-259 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Cooling the City? A Scientometric Study on Urban Green and Blue Infrastructure and Climate Change-Induced Public Health Effects. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14094929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Climate change causes global effects on multiple levels. The anthropogenic input of greenhouse gases increases the atmospheric mean temperature. It furthermore leads to a higher probability of extreme weather events (e.g., heat waves, floods) and thus strongly impacts the habitats of humans, animals, and plants. Against this background, research and innovation activities are increasingly focusing on potential health-related aspects and feasible adaptation and mitigation strategies. Progressing urbanization and demographic change paired with the climate change-induced heat island effect exposes humans living in urban habitats to increasing health risks. By employing scientometric methods, this scoping study provides a systematic bird’s eye view on the epistemic landscapes of climate change, its health-related effects, and possible technological and nature-based interventions and strategies in order to make urban areas climate proof. Based on a literature corpus consisting of 2614 research articles collected in SCOPUS, we applied network-based analysis and visualization techniques to map the different scientific communities, discourses and their interrelations. From a public health perspective, the results demonstrate the range of either direct or indirect health effects of climate change. Furthermore, the results indicate that a public health-related scientific discourse is converging with an urban planning and building science driven discourse oriented towards urban blue and green infrastructure. We conclude that this development might mirror the socio-political demand to tackle emerging climate change-induced challenges by transgressing disciplinary boundaries.
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29
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Anderko L, Pennea E. Climate Changes Children’s Health: Improving Clinical Practice to Address Changing Health Needs. J Nurse Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Charlson F, Ali S, Augustinavicius J, Benmarhnia T, Birch S, Clayton S, Fielding K, Jones L, Juma D, Snider L, Ugo V, Zeitz L, Jayawardana D, La Nauze A, Massazza A. Global priorities for climate change and mental health research. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106984. [PMID: 34991246 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with other health areas, the mental health impacts of climate change have received less research attention. The literature on climate change and mental health is growing rapidly but is characterised by several limitations and research gaps. In a field where the need for designing evidence-based adaptation strategies is urgent, and research gaps are vast, implementing a broad, all-encompassing research agenda will require some strategic focus. METHODS We followed a structured approach to prioritise future climate change and mental health research. We consulted with experts working across mental health and climate change, both within and outside of research and working in high, middle, and low-income countries, to garner consensus about the future research priorities for mental health and climate change. Experts were identified based on whether they had published work on climate change and mental health, worked in governmental and non-governmental organisations on climate change and mental health, and from the professional networks of the authors who have been active in the mental health and climate change space. RESULTS Twenty-two experts participated from across low- and middle-income countries (n = 4) and high-income countries (n = 18). Our process identified ten key priorities for progressing research on mental health and climate change. CONCLUSION While climate change is considered the biggest threat to global mental health in the coming century, tackling this threat could be the most significant opportunity to shape our mental health for centuries to come because of health co-benefits of transitioning to more sustainable ways of living. Research on the impacts of climate change on mental health and mental health-related systems will assist decision-makers to develop robust evidence-based mitigation and adaptation policies and plans with the potential for broad benefits to society and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Charlson
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Queensland Health, Wacol, Qld, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Suhailah Ali
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Queensland Health, Wacol, Qld, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Jura Augustinavicius
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; MHPSS Collaborative hosted by Save the Children Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, USA
| | - Stephen Birch
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Kelly Fielding
- School of Communication and Arts, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Lynne Jones
- FXB Centre for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damian Juma
- International Mental Health Association, USA
| | - Leslie Snider
- MHPSS Collaborative hosted by Save the Children Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victor Ugo
- MHPSS Collaborative hosted by Save the Children Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Danusha Jayawardana
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Andrea La Nauze
- School of Economics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Alessandro Massazza
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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López-Pacheco IY, Rodas-Zuluaga LI, Fuentes-Tristan S, Castillo-Zacarías C, Sosa-Hernández JE, Barceló D, Iqbal HM, Parra-Saldívar R. Phycocapture of CO2 as an option to reduce greenhouse gases in cities: Carbon sinks in urban spaces. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Upper and Lower Airways of Infant, Child and Adult Human Lungs. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding transportation and deposition (TD) of aerosol particles in the human respiratory system can help clinical treatment of lung diseases using medicines. The lung airway diameters and the breathing capacity of human lungs normally increase with age until the age of 30. Many studies have analyzed the particle TD in the human lung airways. However, the knowledge of the nanoparticle TD in airways of infants and children with varying inhalation flow rates is still limited in the literature. This study investigates nanoparticle (5 nm ≤ dp ≤ 500 nm) TD in the lungs of infants, children, and adults. The inhalation air flow rates corresponding to three ages are considered as Qin=3.22 L/min (infant), 8.09 L/min (Child), and Qin=14 L/min (adult). It is found that less particles are deposited in upper lung airways (G0–G3) than in lower airways (G12–G15) in the lungs of all the three age groups. The results suggest that the particle deposition efficiency in lung airways increases with the decrease of particle size due to the Brownian diffusion mechanism. About 3% of 500 nm particles are deposited in airways G12–G15 for the three age groups. As the particle size is decreased to 5 nm, the deposition rate in G12–G15 is increased to over 95%. The present findings can help medical therapy by individually simulating the distribution of drug-aerosol for the patient-specific lung.
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Climate Change and Child Health Inequality: A Review of Reviews. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010896. [PMID: 34682662 PMCID: PMC8535343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence on the observed and expected consequences of climate change on population health worldwide. There is limited understanding of its consequences for child health inequalities, between and within countries. To examine these consequences and categorize the state of knowledge in this area, we conducted a review of reviews indexed in five databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts). Reviews that reported the effect of climate change on child health inequalities between low- and high-income children, within or between countries (high- vs low-middle-income countries; HICs and LMICs), were included. Twenty-three reviews, published between 2007 and January 2021, were included for full-text analyses. Using thematic synthesis, we identified strong descriptive, but limited quantitative, evidence that climate change exacerbates child health inequalities. Explanatory mechanisms relating climate change to child health inequalities were proposed in some reviews; for example, children in LMICs are more susceptible to the consequences of climate change than children in HICs due to limited structural and economic resources. Geographic and intergenerational inequalities emerged as additional themes from the review. Further research with an equity focus should address the effects of climate change on adolescents/youth, mental health and inequalities within countries.
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Health Risks to the Russian Population from Temperature Extremes at the Beginning of the XXI Century. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and climate-sensitive disasters caused by climatic hazards have a significant and increasing direct and indirect impact on human health. Due to its vast area, complex geographical environment and various climatic conditions, Russia is one of the countries that suffers significantly from frequent climate hazards. This paper provides information about temperature extremes in Russia in the beginning of the 21st century, and their impact on human health. A literature search was conducted using the electronic databases Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and e-Library, focusing on peer-reviewed journal articles published in English and in Russian from 2000 to 2021. The results are summarized in 16 studies, which are divided into location-based groups, including Moscow, Saint Petersburg and other large cities located in various climatic zones: in the Arctic, in Siberia and in the southern regions, in ultra-continental and monsoon climate. Heat waves in cities with a temperate continental climate lead to a significant increase in all-cause mortality than cold waves, compared with cities in other climatic zones. At the same time, in northern cities, in contrast to the southern regions and central Siberia, the influence of cold waves is more pronounced on mortality than heat waves. To adequately protect the population from the effects of temperature waves and to carry out preventive measures, it is necessary to know specific threshold values of air temperature in each city.
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Mank I, Belesova K, Bliefernicht J, Traoré I, Wilkinson P, Danquah I, Sauerborn R. The Impact of Rainfall Variability on Diets and Undernutrition of Young Children in Rural Burkina Faso. Front Public Health 2021; 9:693281. [PMID: 34616704 PMCID: PMC8489680 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.693281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Climate change and consequent increases in rainfall variability may have negative consequences for the food production of subsistence farmers in West Africa with adverse impacts on nutrition and health. We explored the pathway from rainfall through diet up to child undernutrition for rural Burkina Faso. Methods: The study used data of a dynamic cohort with 1,439 children aged 7-60 months from the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) for 2017 to 2019. We assessed data on diets, height, weight, household characteristics, and daily precipitation (from 1981 to 2019). Principal component analysis was used to identify distinct child dietary patterns (Dietary Pattern Scores, DPS). These were related to 15 rainfall indicators by area to obtain a precipitation variability score (PVS) through reduced rank regression (RRR). Associations between the PVS and anthropometric measures, height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ), were examined using multi-level regression analysis. Results: Stunting (HAZ < -2) and wasting (WHZ < -2) were seen in 24 and 6% of the children. Three main dietary patterns were identified (market-based, vegetable-based, and legume-based diets) and showed mixed evidence for associations with child undernutrition. The RRR-derived PVS explained 14% of the total variance in these DPS. The PVS was characterized by more consecutive dry days during the rainy season, higher cumulative rainfall in July and more extremely wet days. A 1-point increase in the PVS was associated with a reduction of 0.029 (95% CI: -0.06, 0.00, p < 0.05) in HAZ in the unadjusted, and an increase by 0.032 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.06, p < 0.05) in WHZ in the fully adjusted model. Conclusion: Rainfall variability was associated with dietary patterns in young children of a rural population of Burkina Faso. Increased rainfall variability was associated with an increase in chronic undernutrition, but not in acute undernutrition among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mank
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society and Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Bliefernicht
- Institute of Geography, Faculty of Applied Computer Science, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Issouf Traoré
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), Institut National de Santé Publique, Nouna, Burkina Faso.,Institut Universitaire de Formations Initiale et Continue (IUFIC), Université Thomas Sankara (UTS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society and Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Ina Danquah
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Sauerborn
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Nguyen HT, Le HT, Connelly LB. Weather and children's time allocation. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 30:1559-1579. [PMID: 33864321 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the first causal estimates of the effect of weather on children's time allocation. It exploits exogenous variations in local weather observed during the random diary dates of two nationally representative cohorts of Australian children whose time-use diaries were surveyed biennially over 10 years. Unfavorable weather conditions, as represented by cold or hot temperature or rain, cause children to switch activities from outdoors to indoors, mainly by reducing the time allocated to active pursuits and travel and increasing the time allocated to media. Furthermore, the effects of bad weather are more pronounced on weekends and for children with asthma. Our results also provide some evidence of adaptation, as temperature tends to have greater impact not only in winter months but also in colder regions. Our findings are robust to a wide range of sensitivity checks, including controlling for individual fixed effects and using alternative model specifications. Overall, the results suggest that extreme weather conditions may diminish children's health, development and long-term achievements through their effects on children's time allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Trong Nguyen
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Huong Thu Le
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Luke B Connelly
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Sociology and Business Law, the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Aguilera R, Corringham T, Gershunov A, Leibel S, Benmarhnia T. Fine Particles in Wildfire Smoke and Pediatric Respiratory Health in California. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-027128. [PMID: 33757996 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-027128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Exposure to airborne fine particles with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) pollution is a well-established cause of respiratory diseases in children; whether wildfire-specific PM2.5 causes more damage, however, remains uncertain. We examine the associations between wildfire-specific PM2.5 and pediatric respiratory health during the period 2011-2017 in San Diego County, California, and compare these results with other sources of PM2.5. METHODS Visits to emergency and urgent care facilities of Rady's Children Hospital network in San Diego County, California, by individuals (aged ≤19 years) with ≥1 of the following respiratory conditions: difficulty breathing, respiratory distress, wheezing, asthma, or cough were regressed on daily, community-level exposure to wildfire-specific PM2.5 and PM2.5 from ambient sources (eg, traffic emissions). RESULTS A 10-unit increase in PM2.5 (from nonsmoke sources) was estimated to increase the number of admissions by 3.7% (95% confidence interval: 1.2% to 6.1%). In contrast, the effect of PM2.5 attributable to wildfire was estimated to be a 30.0% (95% confidence interval: 26.6% to 33.4%) increase in visits. CONCLUSIONS Wildfire-specific PM2.5 was found to be ∼10 times more harmful on children's respiratory health than PM2.5 from other sources, particularly for children aged 0 to 5 years. Even relatively modest wildfires and associated PM2.5 resolved on our record produced major health impacts, particularly for younger children, in comparison with ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sydney Leibel
- Departments of Allergy and Immunology and.,Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, and
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography and.,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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38
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Schachtel A, Dyer JA, Boos MD. Climate change and pediatric skin health. Int J Womens Dermatol 2020; 7:85-90. [PMID: 33537397 PMCID: PMC7838241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are known to disproportionately bear the health impacts of climate change, particularly children living in impoverished areas. Owing to their developing physiology and immature metabolism, distinct exposure behaviors, and reliance on adults for care and protection, children are uniquely susceptible to the adverse effects of our warming planet. Herein, we summarize the known impacts of climate change on pediatric skin health, including its effects on atopic dermatitis, vector-borne and other infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and psychodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Schachtel
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jonathan A Dyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Markus D Boos
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
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