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Ren S, Li J, Dorado J, Sierra A, González-Díaz H, Duardo A, Shen B. From molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer to translational applications: based on multi-omics fusion analysis and intelligent medicine. Health Inf Sci Syst 2024; 12:6. [PMID: 38125666 PMCID: PMC10728428 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-023-00264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men worldwide and has a high mortality rate. The complex and heterogeneous development of prostate cancer has become a core obstacle in the treatment of prostate cancer. Simultaneously, the issues of overtreatment in early-stage diagnosis, oligometastasis and dormant tumor recognition, as well as personalized drug utilization, are also specific concerns that require attention in the clinical management of prostate cancer. Some typical genetic mutations have been proved to be associated with prostate cancer's initiation and progression. However, single-omic studies usually are not able to explain the causal relationship between molecular alterations and clinical phenotypes. Exploration from a systems genetics perspective is also lacking in this field, that is, the impact of gene network, the environmental factors, and even lifestyle behaviors on disease progression. At the meantime, current trend emphasizes the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning techniques to process extensive multidimensional data, including multi-omics. These technologies unveil the potential patterns, correlations, and insights related to diseases, thereby aiding the interpretable clinical decision making and applications, namely intelligent medicine. Therefore, there is a pressing need to integrate multidimensional data for identification of molecular subtypes, prediction of cancer progression and aggressiveness, along with perosonalized treatment performing. In this review, we systematically elaborated the landscape from molecular mechanism discovery of prostate cancer to clinical translational applications. We discussed the molecular profiles and clinical manifestations of prostate cancer heterogeneity, the identification of different states of prostate cancer, as well as corresponding precision medicine practices. Taking multi-omics fusion, systems genetics, and intelligence medicine as the main perspectives, the current research results and knowledge-driven research path of prostate cancer were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ren
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Julián Dorado
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sierra
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- IKERDATA S.L., ZITEK, University of Basque Country UPVEHU, Rectorate Building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Humbert González-Díaz
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- IKERDATA S.L., ZITEK, University of Basque Country UPVEHU, Rectorate Building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Aliuska Duardo
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- IKERDATA S.L., ZITEK, University of Basque Country UPVEHU, Rectorate Building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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2
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Zhou Z, Zhou Y, Yan W, Feng T, Liang Z. Comparison of the efficacy and safety profiles of generic and branded leuprorelin acetate microspheres in patients with prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:319. [PMID: 38807677 PMCID: PMC11130615 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Leuprorelin acetate microspheres, a common gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, have certain clinical benefits for prostate cancer (PCa). The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of generic and branded leuprorelin acetate microspheres in patients with PCa. The present retrospective, observational study included 116 patients with PCa who received generic (Boennuokang®; Beijing Biote Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) or branded (Enantone®; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd.) leuprorelin acetate microspheres via injection (commonly 3.75 mg once every 4 weeks), defined as the test (n=64) and reference (n=52) groups, respectively. The present study showed that testosterone levels at month (M) 3 (P<0.001), M6 (P=0.012) and M12 (P<0.001) were decreased in the test group compared with the reference group. However, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at baseline, M1, M3, M6 and M12 were not significantly different between the test and reference groups (all P>0.05). The median (interquartile range) testosterone and PSA levels at M12 were 15.50 ng/dl (10.00-31.25 ng/dl) and 0.01 ng/ml (0.01-0.10 ng/ml), respectively, in the test group and 28.00 ng/dl (22.00-37.00 ng/dl) and 0.02 ng/ml (0.01-0.16 ng/ml), respectively, in the reference group. No significant differences were observed in the M1-baseline, M3-baseline, M6-baseline and M12-baseline changes of testosterone or PSA levels between the two groups (all P>0.050). Additionally, the incidence of all adverse events was not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.050). Overall, Boennuokang® leuprorelin acetate microspheres exhibited a similar efficacy for suppression of testosterone and PSA levels with a comparable safety profile compared with Enantone® leuprorelin acetate microspheres in patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhien Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Weigang Yan
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Tianrui Feng
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Lee J, Bao X. Comparative Review on Cancer Pathology from Aberrant Histone Chaperone Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6403. [PMID: 38928110 PMCID: PMC11203986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone chaperones are integral to chromatin dynamics, facilitating the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes, thereby playing a crucial role in regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. Moreover, they prevent aberrant histone interactions prior to chromatin assembly. Disruption in histone chaperone function may result in genomic instability, which is implicated in pathogenesis. This review aims to elucidate the role of histone chaperones in cancer pathologies and explore their potential as therapeutic targets. Histone chaperones have been found to be dysregulated in various cancers, with alterations in expression levels, mutations, or aberrant interactions leading to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In addition, this review intends to highlight the molecular mechanisms of interactions between histone chaperones and oncogenic factors, underscoring their roles in cancer cell survival and proliferation. The dysregulation of histone chaperones is significantly correlated with cancer development, establishing them as active contributors to cancer pathology and viable targets for therapeutic intervention. This review advocates for continued research into histone chaperone-targeted therapies, which hold potential for precision medicine in oncology. Future advancements in understanding chaperone functions and interactions are anticipated to lead to novel cancer treatments, enhancing patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiucong Bao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Yu L, Fan A, Li Y, Li X, Chen W. Integrative bioinformatics approach yields a novel gene expression risk model for prognosis and progression prediction in prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18405. [PMID: 38842134 PMCID: PMC11154836 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), a prevalent malignancy among elderly males, exhibits a notable rate of advancement, even when subjected to conventional androgen deprivation therapy or chemotherapy. An effective progression prediction model would prove invaluable in identifying patients with a higher progression risk. Using bioinformatics strategies, we integrated diverse data sets of PCa to construct a novel risk model predicated on gene expression and progression-free survival (PFS). The accuracy of the model was assessed through validation using an independent data set. Eight genes were discerned as independent prognostic factors and included in the prediction model. Patients assigned to the high-risk cohort demonstrated a diminished PFS, and the areas under the curve of our model in the validation set for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year PFS were 0.9325, 0.9041 and 0.9070, respectively. Additionally, through the application of single-cell RNA sequencing to two castration-related prostate cancer (CRPC) samples and two hormone-related prostate cancer (HSPC) samples, we discovered that luminal cells within CRPC exhibited an elevated risk score. Subsequent molecular biology experiments corroborated our findings, illustrating heightened SYK expression levels within tumour tissues and its contribution to cancer cell migration. We found that the knockdown of SYK could inhibit migration in PCa cells. Our progression-related risk model demonstrated the potential prognostic value of SYK and indicated its potential as a target for future diagnosis and treatment strategies in PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhang
- Department of UrologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuolin Liu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liu Yu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Aoyu Fan
- Department of UrologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of UrologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of UrologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Gan X, Luo X, Chen J, Fang W, Nie M, Lu H, Liu Y, Wang X. Ilicicolin C suppresses the progression of prostate cancer by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05026-9. [PMID: 38801644 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is a driving factor in the development of prostate cancer. Therefore, inhibiting the function of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is a strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Ilicicolin C is an ascochlorin derivative isolated from the coral-derived fungus Acremonium sclerotigenum GXIMD 02501. Which has anti-inflammatory activity, but its activity against prostate cancer has not yet been elucidated. MTT assay, plate clone-formation assay, flow cytometry and real-time cell analysis technology were used to detect the effects of ilicicolin C on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and migration of prostate cancer cells. Molecular docking software and surface plasmon resonance technology were used to analyze the interaction between ilicicolin C and PI3K/AKT proteins. Western blot assay was performed to examine the changes in protein expression. Finally, QikProp software was used to simulate the process of ilicicolin C in vivo, and a zebrafish xenograft model was used to further verify the anti-prostate cancer activity of ilicicolin C in vivo. Ilicicolin C showed cytotoxic effects on prostate cancer cells, with the most significant effect on PC-3 cells. Ilicicolin C inhibited proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells. It could also block the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In addition, ilicicolin C could bind to PI3K/AKT proteins. Furthermore, ilicicolin C inhibited the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins and could also regulate the expression of downstream proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the calculations speculated that ilicicolin C was well absorbed orally, and the zebrafish xenograft model confirmed the in vivo anti-prostate cancer effect of ilicicolin C. Ilicicolin C emerges as a promising marine compound capable of inducing apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by counteracting the aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, suggesting that ilicicolin C may be a viable candidate for anti-prostate cancer drug development. These findings highlight the potential of ilicicolin C against prostate cancer and shed light on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gan
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jingqin Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Wenxuan Fang
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Mingyi Nie
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Humu Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Xueni Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
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Li X, Xiong H, Mou X, Huang C, Thomas ER, Yu W, Jiang Y, Chen Y. Androgen receptor cofactors: A potential role in understanding prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116338. [PMID: 38417290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is witnessing a concerning rise in incidence annually, with the androgen receptor (AR) emerging as a pivotal contributor to its growth and progression. Mounting evidence underscores the AR's ability to recruit cofactors, influencing downstream gene transcription and thereby fueling the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells. Although, clinical strategies involving AR antagonists provide some relief, managing castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a formidable challenge. Thus, the need of the hour lies in unearthing new drugs or therapeutic targets to effectively combat PCa. This review encapsulates the pivotal roles played by coactivators and corepressors of AR, notably androgen receptor-associated protein (ARA) and steroid receptor Coactivators (SRC) in PCa. Our data unveils how these cofactors intricately modulate histone modifications, cell cycling, SUMOylation, and apoptosis through their interactions with AR. Among the array of cofactors scrutinised, such as ARA70β, ARA24, ARA160, ARA55, ARA54, PIAS1, PIAS3, SRC1, SRC2, SRC3, PCAF, p300/CBP, MED1, and CARM1, several exhibit upregulation in PCa. Conversely, other cofactors like ARA70α, PIASy, and NCoR/SMRT demonstrate downregulation. This duality underscores the complexity of AR cofactor dynamics in PCa. Based on our findings, we propose that manipulating cofactor regulation to modulate AR function holds promise as a novel therapeutic avenue against advanced PCa. This paradigm shift offers renewed hope in the quest for effective treatments in the face of CRPC's formidable challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haojun Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingzhu Mou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Karelia D, Corey Z, Wang H, Raup-Konsavage WM, Vrana KE, Lü J, Jiang C. Library Screening and Preliminary Characterization of Synthetic Cannabinoids Against Prostate and Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:523-536. [PMID: 36880938 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our previous screening efforts with colorectal cancer cell lines suggested potential cannabinoid therapeutic leads for other solid cancers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify cannabinoid lead compounds that have cytostatic and cytocidal activities against prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines and profile cellular responses and molecular pathways of select leads. Materials and Methods: A library of 369 synthetic cannabinoids was screened against 4 prostate and 2 pancreatic cancer cell lines with 48 h of exposure at 10 μM in medium with 10% fetal bovine serum using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay. Concentration titration of the top 6 hits was carried out to identify their concentration-response patterns and calculate IC50 values. Three select leads were examined for cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy responses. The role of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and noncanonical receptors in apoptosis signaling was examined with selective antagonists. Results: Two independent screening experiments in each cell line detected growth inhibitory activities against all six or a majority of cancer cell lines for HU-331 (a known cannabinoid topoisomerase II inhibitor), (±)5-epi-CP55,940, and PTI-2, each previously identified in our colorectal cancer study. 5-Fluoro NPB-22, FUB-NPB-22, and LY2183240 were novel hits. Morphologically and biochemically, (±)5-epi-CP55,940 elicited caspase-mediated apoptosis of PC-3-luc2 (a PC-3 subline with luciferase) prostate cancer and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines, each the most aggressive of the respective organ site. The apoptosis induced by (±)5-epi-CP55,940 was abolished by the CB2 antagonist, SR144528, but not modulated by the CB1 antagonist, rimonabant, and GPR55 antagonist, ML-193, nor TRPV1 antagonist, SB-705498. In contrast, 5-fluoro NPB-22 and FUB-NPB-22 did not cause substantial apoptosis in either cell line, but resulted in cytosolic vacuoles and increased LC3-II formation (suggestive of autophagy) and S and G2/M cell cycle arrests. Combining each fluoro compound with an autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine, enhanced the apoptosis. Conclusions: 5-Fluoro NPB-22, FUB-NPB-22, and LY2183240 represent new leads against prostate and pancreatic cancer cells in addition to the previously reported compounds, HU-331, (±)5-epi-CP55,940, and PTI-2. Mechanistically, the two fluoro compounds and (±)5-epi-CP55,940 differed regarding their structures, CB receptor involvement, and death/fate responses and signaling. Safety and antitumor efficacy studies in animal models are warranted to guide further R&D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepkamal Karelia
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pennsylvania-Designated Medical Marijuana Academic Clinical Research Center at Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary Corey
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wesley M Raup-Konsavage
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pennsylvania-Designated Medical Marijuana Academic Clinical Research Center at Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kent E Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pennsylvania-Designated Medical Marijuana Academic Clinical Research Center at Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Junxuan Lü
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pennsylvania-Designated Medical Marijuana Academic Clinical Research Center at Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pennsylvania-Designated Medical Marijuana Academic Clinical Research Center at Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang R, Min Q, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Wang D, Gao Y, Wei L. GL-V9 inhibits the activation of AR-AKT-HK2 signaling networks and induces prostate cancer cell apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:109246. [PMID: 38439974 PMCID: PMC10909900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a serious health concern for men due to its high incidence and mortality rate. The first therapy typically adopted is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, patient response to ADT varies, and 20-30% of PCa cases develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This article investigates the anti-PCa effect of a drug candidate named GL-V9 and highlights the significant mechanism involving the AKT-hexokinase II (HKII) pathway. In both androgen receptor (AR)-expressing 22RV1 cells and AR-negative PC3 cells, GL-V9 suppressed phosphorylated AKT and mitochondrial location of HKII. This led to glycolytic inhibition and mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, GL-V9 inhibited AR activity in 22RV1 cells and disrupted the feedback activation of AKT signaling in condition of AR inhibition. This disruption greatly increased the anti-PCa efficacy of the AR antagonist bicalutamide. In conclusion, we present a novel anti-PCa candidate and combination drug strategies to combat CRPC by intervening in the AR-AKT-HKII signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Min
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, the People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Dechao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Pharmaceutical Animal Experiment Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, the People's Republic of China
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9
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zhang W, Tian Y, Sethi G, Zhang X, Qiu A. Molecular panorama of therapy resistance in prostate cancer: a pre-clinical and bioinformatics analysis for clinical translation. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:229-260. [PMID: 38374496 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant disorder of prostate gland being asymptomatic in early stages and high metastatic potential in advanced stages. The chemotherapy and surgical resection have provided favourable prognosis of PCa patients, but advanced and aggressive forms of PCa including CRPC and AVPC lack response to therapy properly, and therefore, prognosis of patients is deteriorated. At the advanced stages, PCa cells do not respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a satisfactory level, and therefore, therapy resistance is emerged. Molecular profile analysis of PCa cells reveals the apoptosis suppression, pro-survival autophagy induction, and EMT induction as factors in escalating malignant of cancer cells and development of therapy resistance. The dysregulation in molecular profile of PCa including upregulation of STAT3 and PI3K/Akt, downregulation of STAT3, and aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs are determining factor for response of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Because of prevalence of drug resistance in PCa, combination therapy including co-utilization of anti-cancer drugs and nanotherapeutic approaches has been suggested in PCa therapy. As a result of increase in DNA damage repair, PCa cells induce radioresistance and RelB overexpression prevents irradiation-mediated cell death. Similar to chemotherapy, nanomaterials are promising for promoting radiosensitivity through delivery of cargo, improving accumulation in PCa cells, and targeting survival-related pathways. In respect to emergence of immunotherapy as a new tool in PCa suppression, tumour cells are able to increase PD-L1 expression and inactivate NK cells in mediating immune evasion. The bioinformatics analysis for evaluation of drug resistance-related genes has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Aiming Qiu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Fifth People's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, China.
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10
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Houben LHP, Beelen M, van Loon LJC, Beijer S. Resistance Exercise Training, a Simple Intervention to Preserve Muscle Mass and Strength in Prostate Cancer Patients on Androgen Deprivation Therapy. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:122-134. [PMID: 38048764 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) forms the cornerstone in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. However, by suppressing testosterone ADT results in a decrease of skeletal muscle mass. In this narrative review, we explore the magnitude and mechanisms of ADT-induced muscle mass loss and the consequences for muscle strength and physical performance. Subsequently, we elucidate the effectiveness of supervised resistance exercise training as a means to mitigate these adverse effects. Literature shows that resistance exercise training can effectively counteract ADT-induced loss of appendicular lean body mass and decline in muscle strength, while the effect on physical performances is inconclusive. As resistance exercise training is feasible and can be safely implemented during ADT (with special attention for patients with bone metastases), it should be incorporated in standard clinical care for prostate cancer patients (starting) with ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne H P Houben
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Milou Beelen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Beijer
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Dietetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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11
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Tavares I, Morais M, Dias F, Medeiros R, Teixeira AL. Deregulated miRNAs in enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer: A comprehensive review of key molecular alterations and clinical outcomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189067. [PMID: 38160898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in male population worldwide. Since the growth and progression of PC highly depend on the androgen pathway, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of systemic treatment. Enzalutamide is a second-generation antiandrogen, which is widely used for the treatment of advanced and metastatic PC. However, treatment failure and disease progression, caused by the emergence of enzalutamide resistant phenotypes, remains an important clinical challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and have recently emerged as potential biomarkers for being stable and easily analysed in several biological fluids. Several miRNAs that exhibit dysregulated expression patterns in enzalutamide-resistant PC have recently been identified, including miRNAs that modulate critical signalling pathways and genes involved in PC growth, survival and in the acquisition of enzalutamide phenotype. The understanding of molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs promote the development of enzalutamide resistance can provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between miRNAs, gene regulation, and treatment response in PC. Moreover, these miRNAs could serve as valuable tools for monitoring treatment response and disease progression during enzalutamide administration. This review summarises the miRNAs associated with enzalutamide resistance in PC already described in the literature, focusing on their biological roles and on their potential as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Morais
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Reasearch Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Porto, Portugal; Research Department, LPCC- Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Park Y, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park JE, Ahn CH, Park SY, Lee YC, Shim BS, Kim B, Kim SH. Inhibition of glycolysis and SIRT1/GLUT1 signaling ameliorates the apoptotic effect of Leptosidin in prostate cancer cells. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1235-1244. [PMID: 38176954 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Since the silent information regulation 2 homolog-1 (sirtuin, SIRT1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) are known to modulate cancer cell metabolism and proliferation, the role of SIRT1/GLUT1 signaling was investigated in the apoptotic effect of Leptosidin from Coreopsis grandiflora in DU145 and PC3 human prostate cancer (PCa) cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell cycle analysis, Western blotting, cBioportal correlation analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation were used in this work. Leptosidin showed cytotoxicity, augmented sub-G1 population, and abrogated the expression of pro-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (pro-PARP) and pro-cysteine aspartyl-specific protease (pro-caspase3) in DU145 and PC3 cells. Also, Leptosidin inhibited the expression of SIRT1, GLUT1, pyruvate kinase isozymes M2 (PKM2), Hexokinase 2 (HK2), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in DU145 and PC3 cells along with disrupted binding of SIRT1 and GLUT1. Consistently, Leptosidin curtailed lactate, glucose, and ATP in DU145 and PC3 cells. Furthermore, SIRT1 depletion enhanced the decrease of GLUT1, LDHA, and pro-Cas3 by Leptosidin in treated DU145 cells, while pyruvate suppressed the ability of Leptosidin in DU145 cells. These findings suggest that Leptosidin induces apoptosis via inhibition of glycolysis and SIRT1/GLUT1 signaling axis in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsang Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum-Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Vasilatis DM, Ghosh PM. Clinicopathologic Characterization of Prostatic Cancer in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:588. [PMID: 38396556 PMCID: PMC10886256 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinicopathologic data in dogs with prostate cancer (PCa) may aid in the differentiation between tumor types and subsequent treatment decisions; however, these data are often unreported. Demographic, clinicopathologic, cytologic, histologic and survival data from dogs with primary prostatic adenocarcinoma (PRAD) (n = 56) and primary prostatic transitional cell carcinoma (P-TCC) (n = 74) were acquired from a tertiary veterinary teaching hospital from 1992 to 2022. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) to albumin ratio (RAR) was evaluated for diagnostic utility in differentiating between PRAD and P-TCC. Sections from PRAD tumors (n = 50) were stained for androgen receptor (AR) expression, and laboratory data were compared between AR positive (AR+) and AR negative (AR-) groups. RDW was increased in PRAD, while albumin was decreased (p < 0.05). P-TCC was associated with Melamed-Wolinska bodies (MWB) and necrosis on cytology (p < 0.05). RAR had acceptable diagnostic utility in the differentiation of PCa tumors (AUC = 0.7; p < 0.05). Survival rates and metastases were equivocal. AR+ and AR- PRAD tumors did not differ in clinicopathologic data or survival (p > 0.05). In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia was significantly associated with PRAD and decreased survival, while MWB and necrosis were significantly associated with P-TCC on cytology. These clinicopathologic data may help clinicians differentiate between these tumors ante mortem to guide appropriate treatment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demitria M. Vasilatis
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA;
- Veterans Affairs (VA)—Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA;
- Veterans Affairs (VA)—Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
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14
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Chou CC, Tseng CE, Lin YS, Wang M, Chen PL, Chang D, Shen CH, Fang CY. Inhibition of orthotopic castration-resistant prostate cancer growth and metastasis in mice by JC VLPs carrying a suicide gene driven by the PSA promoter. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:250-258. [PMID: 38072969 PMCID: PMC10874888 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is challenging to treat. Virus-like particles (VLPs), originating from JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) and carrying a suicide gene driven by the PSA promoter (PSAtk-VLPs), can inhibit tumor growth in animal models of human prostate cancer. However, the efficacy of suppression of orthotopic PCa growth and metastasis by PSAtk-VLPs remains undetermined. Here, we established an iRFP stable expression CRPC cell line suitable for deep-tissue observation using fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). These cells were implanted into murine prostate tissue, and PSAtk-VLPs were systemically administered via the tail vein along with the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV), allowing for the real-time observation of orthotopic prostate tumor growth and CRPC tumor metastasis. Our findings demonstrated that systemic PSAtk-VLPs administration with GCV and subsequent FMT scanning facilitated real-time observation of the suppressed growth in mouse iRFP CRPC orthotopic tumors, which further revealed a notable metastasis rate reduction. Systemic PSAtk-VLPs and GCV administration effectively inhibited orthotopic prostate cancer growth and metastasis. These findings suggest the potential of JCPyV VLPs as a promising vector for mCRPC gene therapy. Conclusively, systemically administered JCPyV VLPs carrying a tissue-specific promoter, JCPyV VLPs can protect genes within the bloodstream to be specifically expressed in specific organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Chou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-En Tseng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial hospital, Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan. Medical University and Clinical Laboratory, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lain Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Deching Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Yao Fang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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15
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Kaur K, Nagi S, Satapathy S, Aggarwal P, Sood A, Mittal BR. Estimation of absorbed dose to salivary glands in mCRPC patients undergoing 177 Lu- PSMA-617 radioligand therapy using quantitative SPECT-CT at single time point: a single-center feasibility study. Nucl Med Commun 2024; 45:115-120. [PMID: 37982573 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 177 Lu-PSMA-617-radioligand therapy (RLT) has shown promising therapeutic role in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, off-target action in salivary glands often presents with xerostomia. Personalized dosimetry can help in optimizing the treatment, however, has so far been tedious due to multiple time-point imaging. In this prospective study, we intended to estimate the absorbed dose delivered to the salivary glands in patients undergoing 177 Lu-PSMA-617-RLT using quantitative SPECT/CT at a single time point. METHODS Patients undergoing 177 Lu-PSMA-617 RLT were included in this prospective study. Post-therapy whole-body images and regional quantitative single time-point SPECT/CT were acquired at 24 h with high-energy collimator. The data was processed and analyzed using Q.Metrix software. A scaling factor, that is, the time-integrated activity conversion factor was applied for the image acquired at 24 h. Absorbed doses were computed using MIRD scheme and OLINDA software. RESULTS A total of 21 patients (mean age: 66 ± 9 years) were included. The value of mean absorbed dose for the parotid glands was 1.90 ± 1.31Gy (range: 0.26-6.23) and that for the submandibular glands was 1.37 ± 0.94Gy (range: 0.16-3.65). The mean absorbed doses per administered activity for the parotid and submandibular glands were 0.26 ± 0.18 Gy/GBq and 0.19 ± 0.12 Gy/GBq, respectively. The absorbed doses were estimated for one cycle of therapy and were well within acceptable limits. None of the patients experienced dryness of mouth. CONCLUSION Single time-point dosimetry with quantitative SPECT/CT is feasible and can be standardized to estimate the absorbed dose to salivary glands instead of multiple time-point acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komalpreet Kaur
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
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16
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Wang Z, Chao Z, Wang Q, Zou F, Song T, Xu L, Ning J, Cheng F. EXO1/P53/SREBP1 axis-regulated lipid metabolism promotes prostate cancer progression. J Transl Med 2024; 22:104. [PMID: 38279172 PMCID: PMC10811948 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors affecting the male genitourinary system. However, there is currently a lack of effective treatments for patients with advanced prostate cancer, which significantly impacts men's overall health. Exonuclease 1 (EXO1), a protein with mismatch repair and recombination functions, has been found to play a vital role in various diseases. In our study, we discovered that EXO1 acts as a novel biomarker of PCa, which promotes prostate cancer progression by regulating lipid metabolism reprogramming in prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, EXO1 promotes the expression of SREBP1 by inhibiting the P53 signaling pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that EXO1 regulated intracellular lipid reprogramming through the P53/SREBP1 axis, thus promoting PCa progression. The result could potentially lead to new insights and therapeutic targets for diagnosing and treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zheng Chao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Zou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tianbao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lizhe Xu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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17
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Lu Y, Chu Q, Li Z, Wang M, Gatenby R, Zhang Q. Deep reinforcement learning identifies personalized intermittent androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae071. [PMID: 38493345 PMCID: PMC11174533 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution of drug resistance leads to treatment failure and tumor progression. Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IADT) helps responsive cancer cells compete with resistant cancer cells in intratumoral competition. However, conventional IADT is population-based, ignoring the heterogeneity of patients and cancer. Additionally, existing IADT relies on pre-determined thresholds of prostate-specific antigen to pause and resume treatment, which is not optimized for individual patients. To address these challenges, we framed a data-driven method in two steps. First, we developed a time-varied, mixed-effect and generative Lotka-Volterra (tM-GLV) model to account for the heterogeneity of the evolution mechanism and the pharmacokinetics of two ADT drugs Cyproterone acetate and Leuprolide acetate for individual patients. Then, we proposed a reinforcement-learning-enabled individualized IADT framework, namely, I$^{2}$ADT, to learn the patient-specific tumor dynamics and derive the optimal drug administration policy. Experiments with clinical trial data demonstrated that the proposed I$^{2}$ADT can significantly prolong the time to progression of prostate cancer patients with reduced cumulative drug dosage. We further validated the efficacy of the proposed methods with a recent pilot clinical trial data. Moreover, the adaptability of I$^{2}$ADT makes it a promising tool for other cancers with the availability of clinical data, where treatment regimens might need to be individualized based on patient characteristics and disease dynamics. Our research elucidates the application of deep reinforcement learning to identify personalized adaptive cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Lu
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, 08544, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Robert Gatenby
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology and the Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Qingpeng Zhang
- Musketeers Foundation Institute of Data Science and the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Murata MM, Igari F, Urbanowicz R, Mouakkad L, Kim S, Chen Z, DiVizio D, Posadas EM, Giuliano AE, Tanaka H. A Practical Approach for Targeting Structural Variants Genome-wide in Plasma Cell-free DNA. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.25.564058. [PMID: 37961589 PMCID: PMC10634834 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.564058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising source of gene mutations for cancer detection by liquid biopsy. However, no current tests interrogate chromosomal structural variants (SVs) genome-wide. Here, we report a simple molecular and sequencing workflow called Genome-wide Analysis of Palindrome Formation (GAPF-seq) to probe DNA palindromes, a type of SV that often demarcates gene amplification. With low-throughput next-generation sequencing and automated machine learning, tumor DNA showed skewed chromosomal distributions of high-coverage 1-kb bins (HCBs), which differentiated 39 breast tumors from matched normal DNA with an average Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.9819. A proof-of-concept liquid biopsy study using cfDNA from prostate cancer patients and healthy individuals yielded an average AUC of 0.965. HCBs on the X chromosome emerged as a determinant feature and were associated with androgen receptor gene amplification. As a novel agnostic liquid biopsy approach, GAPF-seq could fill the technological gap offering unique cancer-specific SV profiles.
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Tanaka H, Murata M, Igari F, Urbanowicz R, Mouakkad L, Kim S, Chen Z, Di Vizio D, Posadas E, Giuliano A. A Practical Approach for Targeting Structural Variants Genome-wide in Plasma Cell-free DNA. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3492157. [PMID: 38260372 PMCID: PMC10802711 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3492157/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Interrogating plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to detect cancer offers promise; however, no current tests scan structural variants (SVs) throughout the genome. Here, we report a simple molecular workflow to enrich a tumorigenic SV (DNA palindromes/fold-back inversions) that often demarcates genomic amplification and its feasibility for cancer detection by combining low-throughput next-generation sequencing with automated machine learning (Genome-wide Analysis of Palindrome Formation, GAPF-seq). Tumor DNA signal manifested as skewed chromosomal distributions of high-coverage 1-kb bins (HCBs), differentiating 39 matched breast tumor DNA from normal DNA with an average AUC of 0.9819. In a proof-of-concept liquid biopsy study, cfDNA from 0.5 mL plasma from prostate cancer patients was sufficient for binary classification against matched buffy coat DNA with an average AUC of 0.965. HCBs on the X chromosome emerged as a determinant feature and were associated with AR amplification. GAPF-seq could generate unique cancer-specific SV profiles in an agnostic liquid biopsy setting.
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20
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Yuan K, Xia F, Li Q, Zheng M, Shen H, Chen W, Yang H, Zhuang X, Zhang XY, Xiao Y, Yang P. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable DYRK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16235-16256. [PMID: 38033250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) seriously threatens male health, and targeting dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) has been verified to reduce PCa burden, while the research progress on the DYRK2 inhibitors was relatively slow. In this work, we discovered DYRK2 inhibitor 12 (IC50 = 9681 nM) through virtual screening. Subsequently, we performed systematic structural optimization to obtain 54 (IC50 = 14 nM). Compound 54 exhibited high selectivity among 215 kinases and significantly suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells in vitro. Moreover, compound 54 displayed high safety, favorable bioavailability, and potent tumor growth inhibitory activity in vivo, which could be used as a potential candidate in the discovery of novel anti-PCa drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Huanaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xujie Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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21
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Li M, Bai G, Cen Y, Xie Q, Chen J, Chen J, Chen Q, Zhong W, Zhou X. Silencing HOXC13 exerts anti-prostate cancer effects by inducing DNA damage and activating cGAS/STING/IRF3 pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:884. [PMID: 38057852 PMCID: PMC10701956 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) will develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and lead to poor prognosis. As the primary subtype of CRPC, CRPC-AR accounts for the major induction of PCa heterogeneity. CRPC-AR is mainly driven by 25 transcription factors (TFs), which we speculate may be the key factors driving PCa toward CRPC. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the key regulator and its molecular mechanism mediating PCa progression. METHODS Firstly, we downloaded transcriptomic data and clinical information from TCGA-PRAD. The characteristic gene cluster was identified by PPI clustering, GO enrichment, co-expression correlation and clinical feature analyses for 25 TFs. Then, the effects of 25 TFs expression on prognosis of PCa patients was analyzed using univariate Cox regression, and the target gene was identified. The expression properties of the target gene in PCa tissues were verified using tissue microarray. Meanwhile, the related mechanistic pathway of the target gene was mined based on its function. Next, the target gene was silenced by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for cellular function and mechanistic pathway validation. Finally, CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the infiltration levels of 22 immune cells in PCa patients with low and high expression of target gene, and validated by assaying the expression of related immunomodulatory factor. RESULTS We found that HOX family existed independently in 25 TFs, among which HOXC10, HOXC12 and HOXC13 had unique clinical features and the PCa patients with high HOXC13 expression had the worst prognosis. In addition, HOXC13 was highly expressed in tumor tissues and correlated with Gleason score and pathological grade. In vitro experiments demonstrated that silencing HOXC13 inhibited 22RV1 and DU145 cell function by inducing cellular DNA damage and activating cGAS/STING/IRF3 pathway. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that high HOXC13 expression suppressed infiltration of γδ T cells and plasma cells and recruited M2 macrophages. Consistent with these results, silencing HOXC13 up-regulated the transcriptional expression of IFN-β, CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10. CONCLUSION HOXC13 regulates PCa progression by mediating the DNA damage-induced cGAS/STING/IRF3 pathway and remodels TIME through regulation of the transcription of the immune factors IFN-β, CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhang Li
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Guangwei Bai
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Yi Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitong Xie
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Qingbiao Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China.
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22
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Chen M, Cai L, Xiang Y, Zhong L, Shi J. Advances in non-radioactive PSMA-targeted small molecule-drug conjugates in the treatment of prostate cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106889. [PMID: 37813074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) will develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy, at this time the tumor enters the end stage, and the clinical treatment is very complicated, which requires rationalization of drugs to prolong the life of patients while improving their quality of life. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising biological target for drug delivery in mCRPC due to its high level of specific expression in PCa cell membranes and low expression in normal tissues. Non-radioactive PSMA-targeted small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) are gradually becoming a heat of discovery due to their good affinity and specificity; simple synthesis steps and transport management methods. Non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs under investigation can be divided into two categories: SMDCs and dual-ligand coupled drugs, among which SMDCs are the most widespread form of this type of conjugate. SMDCs have three key components: cytotoxic load, linker, and small molecule targeting ligands. SMDCs are internalized into the cell after binding to PSMA on the cell membrane and stored in endosomes and lysosomes, where they are usually enzymatically cleaved to allow precise release of cytotoxic molecules and uniform diffusion into the tumor tissue. More than a dozen non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs have been developed, many of which have shown favorable properties in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations, demonstrating more favorable results than unmodified cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs have great therapeutic potential for mCRPC as a form of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Linxuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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23
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Smith BK, Ward M. The Role of Testosterone Therapy in Men's Health. Nurs Clin North Am 2023; 58:525-539. [PMID: 37832997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 3 decades, there has been an increased interest in testosterone replacement therapy. This trend is a result of an aging population, endocrine disruptors in our foods and environment and rising obesity rates. In addition, there has been a surge in Men's Health clinics and online direct-to-consumer Web sites, making testosterone replacement therapy much more readily accessible. As more men seek to increase their testosterone levels, more long-term random control studies are needed to gain better insight into testosterone optimization to support the anecdotal observation commonly experienced in the practice setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake K Smith
- American Association for Men in Nursing, Wisconsin Rapids, WI, USA; Clinical Documentation Sr. Analyst, Enterprise Applications, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA; Accelerated Program Student Success Coach, School of Nursing, Nebraska Methodist College, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael Ward
- Critical Care Nurse Practitioner, Cardiovascular ICU, Medical ICU, Texas Health Huguley Hospital, 11801 South Freeway, Burleson, TX 76028, USA.
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24
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Zhu J, Zhang J, Hu P, Fan M, Song D, Yin H, Yan P, Xian S, Li Z, Guo J, Long C, Xu R, Huang R, Meng T, Zhang J, Huang Z. Identification of Bone Metastatic and Prognostic Alternative Splicing Signatures in Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2242-2259. [PMID: 37010714 PMCID: PMC10665256 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
As the most common nonepithelial malignancy, prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the fifth chief cause of cancer mortality in men. Distant metastasis often occurs in advanced PRAD and most patients are dying from it. However, the mechanism of PRAD progression and metastasis is still unclear. It's widely reported that more than 94% of genes are selectively splicing in humans and many isoforms are particularly related with cancer progression and metastasis. Spliceosome mutations occur in a mutually exclusive manner in breast cancer, and different components of spliceosomes are targets of somatic mutations in different types of breast cancer. Existing evidence strongly supports the key role of alternative splicing in breast cancer biology, and innovative tools are being developed to use splicing events for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In order to identify if the PRAD metastasis is associated with alternative splicing events (ASEs), the RNA sequencing data and ASEs data of 500 PRAD patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and TCGASpliceSeq databases. By Lasso regression, five genes were screened to construct the prediction model, with a good reliability by ROC curve. Additionally, results in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the well prognosis efficacy of the prediction model (both P < 0.001). Moreover, a potential splicing regulatory network was established and after multiple-database validation, we supposed that the signaling axis of HSPB1 up-regulating the PIP5K1C - 46,721 - AT (P < 0.001) might mediate the tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis of PRAD via the key members of Alzheimer's disease pathway (SRC, EGFR, MAPT, APP and PRKCA) (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiayao Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingxiang Fan
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juanru Guo
- School of Mathematical Sciences of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chunling Long
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Runping Xu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Tong Meng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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25
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Chen S, Zheng Y, Liang B, Yin Y, Yao J, Wang Q, Liu Y, Neamati N. The application of PROTAC in HDAC. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115746. [PMID: 37607440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Inducing protein degradation by proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) has provided great opportunities for scientific research and industrial applications. Histone deacetylase (HDAC)-PROTAC has been widely developed since the first report of its ability to induce the degradation of SIRT2 in 2017. To date, ten of the eighteen HDACs (HDACs 1-8, HDAC10, and SIRT2) have been successfully targeted and degraded by HDAC-PROTACs. HDAC-PROTACs surpass traditional HDAC inhibitors in many aspects, such as higher selectivity, more potent antiproliferative activity, and the ability to disrupt the enzyme-independent functions of a multifunctional protein and overcome drug resistance. Rationally designing HDAC-PROTACs is a main challenge in development because slight variations in chemical structure can lead to drastic effects on the efficiency and selectivity of the degradation. In the future, HDAC-PROTACs can potentially be involved in clinical research with the support of the increased amount of in vivo data, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Benji Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yudong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jian Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Quande Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Yanghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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26
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Ritawidya R, Wongso H, Effendi N, Pujiyanto A, Lestari W, Setiawan H, Humani TS. Lutetium-177-Labeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-617 for Molecular Imaging and Targeted Radioligand Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:701-711. [PMID: 38022814 PMCID: PMC10676551 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represents a promising target for PSMA-overexpressing diseases, especially prostate cancer-a common type of cancer among men worldwide. In response to the challenges in tackling prostate cancers, several promising PSMA inhibitors from a variety of molecular scaffolds (e.g., phosphorous-, thiol-, and urea-based molecules) have been developed. In addition, PSMA inhibitors bearing macrocyclic chelators have attracted interest due to their favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Recently, conjugating a small PSMA molecule inhibitor-bearing 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelator, as exemplified by [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 could serve as a molecular imaging probe and targeted radioligand therapy (TRT) of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Hence, studies related to mCRPC have drawn global attention. In this review, the recent development of PSMA ligand-617-labeled with 177Lu for the management of mCRPC is presented. Its molecular mechanism of action, safety, efficacy, and future direction are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rien Ritawidya
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Hendris Wongso
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nurmaya Effendi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Muslim Indonesia, Kampus II UMI, Jl. Urip Sumoharjo No.225, Panaikang, Panakkukang, Kota, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan 90231
| | - Anung Pujiyanto
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
| | - Wening Lestari
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
| | - Herlan Setiawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
| | - Titis Sekar Humani
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, 15314 Indonesia
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27
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Mytilekas VK, Papaefstathiou E, Koukourikis P, Ouzounidis X, Kazantzidis S, Hatzimouratidis K. Testosterone castration levels in patients with prostate cancer: Is there a difference between GnRH agonist and GnRH antagonist? Primary results of an open-label randomized control study. Investig Clin Urol 2023; 64:572-578. [PMID: 37932568 PMCID: PMC10630685 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare testosterone castration levels between patients treated with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, degarelix, and GnRH agonist. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with prostate cancer (PCa) of a single outpatient clinic were randomized (2:1) to receive degarelix (group A) or GnRH agonist (group B). The study evaluated testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, patients' age, Gleason score and the presence of metastases (nodal or bone). Testosterone and PSA levels were measured at 1st, 6th, 12th, and 18th months. Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation were used to investigate independent variable while standard multiple regression was performed to explore statistically significant correlations. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare testosterone levels at follow-up. RESULTS The study included 168 patients, 107 in group A and 61 in group B. Testosterone levels at 1st month were significantly lower in patients under GnRH antagonist than those receiving GnRH agonist (group A: 22 ng/dL vs. group B: 29 ng/dL, p=0.011). However, PSA values did not differ significantly between groups (group A: 0.130 ng/mL vs. group B: 0.067 ng/mL, p=0.261). In multivariate analysis, treatment with degarelix was an independent factor of lower testosterone levels at 1st month (p=0.013). Comparison of testosterone levels at 6, 12, and 18 months did not reveal any significant difference within each group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with PCa who are candidates for androgen deprivation therapy, the administration of GnRH antagonist seems to achieve significantly lower testosterone levels compared to treatment with GnRH agonist at 1st month of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efstathios Papaefstathiou
- Second Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Periklis Koukourikis
- Second Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Xenofon Ouzounidis
- Second Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Kazantzidis
- Second Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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Dymanus K, Friedrich NA, Howard LE, Oyekunle T, De Hoedt AM, Labadzhyan A, Polascik T, Klaassen Z, Freedland SJ. Are higher follicle-stimulating hormone levels before androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer associated with oncological and cardiac outcomes and overall survival?-a population-level analysis. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:1540-1549. [PMID: 37969776 PMCID: PMC10643384 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), commonly delivered via a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PC). While quite effective, it has been associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The exact mechanisms are not clear. However, it has been theorized that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a pituitary hormone that is involved in controlling normal testosterone levels, which is decreased with LHRH-agonist therapy, may be the culprit. We performed a retrospective population-level study to test the link of FSH levels on the development of MACE, castrate-resistant PC (CRPC), and death among men starting ADT. Methods All men (n=1,539) who had an FSH level between 1999 and 2018 within 2 years prior to starting ADT and complete data were identified within the Veterans Affairs (VA) Health System. FSH was dichotomized as low/normal (≤8 IU/mL) and high (>8 IU/mL), using established cut-points. The associations between FSH and time to MACE, death, and CRPC were tested using log-rank tests and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results Patients with high FSH were older (median 76 vs. 73 years, P<0.001), started ADT earlier (median 2007 vs. 2009, P=0.027), and had lower body mass index (BMI) (median 29.1 vs. 30.1 kg/m2, P=0.004) compared to those with low/normal FSH. On multivariable analysis, there was no association between FSH and time from ADT to MACE, CRPC, or death. Conclusions In this population-level study of men receiving an FSH test prior to starting ADT, there was no association between FSH levels and time from ADT to MACE, CRPC, or death. Although further studies are needed, these results do not support a link between pre-ADT FSH and long-term oncological or cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Dymanus
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadine A. Friedrich
- Department of Urology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lauren E. Howard
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Taofik Oyekunle
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda M. De Hoedt
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Artak Labadzhyan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Polascik
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Freedland
- Department of Urology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Integrated Research in Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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29
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Saad F, George DJ, Cookson MS, Saltzstein DR, Tutrone R, Bossi A, Brown B, Selby B, Lu S, Tombal B, Shore ND. Relugolix vs. Leuprolide Effects on Castration Resistance-Free Survival from the Phase 3 HERO Study in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4854. [PMID: 37835548 PMCID: PMC10571668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Relugolix is an oral GnRH receptor antagonist approved for men with advanced prostate cancer. Relugolix treatment has demonstrated an ability to lower testosterone to sustained castration levels in the phase 4 HERO study. Herein, we describe the results of a secondary endpoint of castration resistance-free survival (CRFS) during 48 weeks of treatment and profile patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods: Subjects were 2:1 randomized to either relugolix 120 mg orally once daily (after a single 360 mg loading dose) or 3-monthly injections of leuprolide for 48 weeks. CRFS, defined as the time from the date of first dose to the date of confirmed prostate-specific antigen progression while castrated or death due to any reason was conducted in the metastatic disease population and the overall modified intention-to-treat (mITT) populations. Results: The CRFS analysis (mITT population) included 1074 men (relugolix: n = 717; leuprolide: n = 357) with advanced prostate cancer as well as 434 men (relugolix: n = 290; leuprolide: n = 144) with metastatic prostate cancer. In the metastatic disease populations, CRFS rates were 74.3% (95% CI: 68.6%, 79.2%) and 75.3% (95% CI: 66.7%, 81.9%) in the relugolix and leuprolide groups, respectively (hazard ratio: 1.03 [0.68, 1.57]; p = 0.84) at week 48. Results in the overall mITT population were similar to the metastatic population. No new safety findings were identified. Conclusions: In men with metastatic disease or in the overall population of the HERO study, CRFS assessed during the 48-week treatment with relugolix was not significantly different than standard-of-care leuprolide. Relugolix had similar efficacy for men with/without CRFS progression events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Saad
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Daniel J. George
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Michael S. Cookson
- Department of Urology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | | | | | - Alberto Bossi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Bruce Brown
- Myovant Sciences, Inc., Brisbane, CA 94005, USA; (B.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Bryan Selby
- Myovant Sciences, Inc., Brisbane, CA 94005, USA; (B.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Sophia Lu
- Myovant Sciences, Inc., Brisbane, CA 94005, USA; (B.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Bertrand Tombal
- Institut de Recherche Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Neal D. Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC 29572, USA;
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30
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Abstract
The human genome is organized into multiple structural layers, ranging from chromosome territories to progressively smaller substructures, such as topologically associating domains (TADs) and chromatin loops. These substructures, collectively referred to as long-range chromatin interactions (LRIs), have a significant role in regulating gene expression. TADs are regions of the genome that harbour groups of genes and regulatory elements that frequently interact with each other and are insulated from other regions, thereby preventing widespread uncontrolled DNA contacts. Chromatin loops formed within TADs through enhancer and promoter interactions are elastic, allowing transcriptional heterogeneity and stochasticity. Over the past decade, it has become evident that the 3D genome structure, also referred to as the chromatin architecture, is central to many transcriptional cellular decisions. In this Review, we delve into the intricate relationship between steroid receptors and LRIs, discussing how steroid receptors interact with and modulate these chromatin interactions. Genetic alterations in the many processes involved in organizing the nuclear architecture are often associated with the development of hormone-dependent cancers. A better understanding of the interplay between architectural proteins and hormone regulatory networks can ultimately be exploited to develop improved approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus T Tettey
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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31
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Choi HY, Chang JE. Targeted Therapy for Cancers: From Ongoing Clinical Trials to FDA-Approved Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13618. [PMID: 37686423 PMCID: PMC10487969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted therapies has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering improved efficacy with reduced side effects compared with traditional chemotherapy. This review highlights the current landscape of targeted therapy in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer, focusing on key molecular targets. Moreover, it aligns with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and drug candidates. In lung cancer, mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements have emerged as significant targets. FDA-approved drugs like osimertinib and crizotinib specifically inhibit these aberrant pathways, providing remarkable benefits in patients with EGFR-mutated or ALK-positive lung cancer. Colorectal cancer treatment has been shaped by targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and EGFR. Bevacizumab and cetuximab are prominent FDA-approved agents that hinder VEGF and EGFR signaling, significantly enhancing outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. In prostate cancer, androgen receptor (AR) targeting is pivotal. Drugs like enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide effectively inhibit AR signaling, demonstrating efficacy in castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review further highlights promising targets like mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), ROS1, BRAF, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymeras (PARP) in specific cancer subsets, along with ongoing clinical trials that continue to shape the future of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Eun Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
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32
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Silvestri R, Nicolì V, Gangadharannambiar P, Crea F, Bootman MD. Calcium signalling pathways in prostate cancer initiation and progression. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:524-543. [PMID: 36964408 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells proliferate, differentiate and migrate by repurposing physiological signalling mechanisms. In particular, altered calcium signalling is emerging as one of the most widespread adaptations in cancer cells. Remodelling of calcium signalling promotes the development of several malignancies, including prostate cancer. Gene expression data from in vitro, in vivo and bioinformatics studies using patient samples and xenografts have shown considerable changes in the expression of various components of the calcium signalling toolkit during the development of prostate cancer. Moreover, preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that altered calcium signalling is a crucial component of the molecular re-programming that drives prostate cancer progression. Evidence points to calcium signalling re-modelling, commonly involving crosstalk between calcium and other cellular signalling pathways, underpinning the onset and temporal progression of this disease. Discrete alterations in calcium signalling have been implicated in hormone-sensitive, castration-resistant and aggressive variant forms of prostate cancer. Hence, modulation of calcium signals and downstream effector molecules is a plausible therapeutic strategy for both early and late stages of prostate cancer. Based on this premise, clinical trials have been undertaken to establish the feasibility of targeting calcium signalling specifically for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Nicolì
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Martin D Bootman
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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33
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Sanchez-Hernandez ES, Ochoa PT, Suzuki T, Ortiz-Hernandez GL, Unternaehrer JJ, Alkashgari HR, Diaz Osterman CJ, Martinez SR, Chen Z, Kremsky I, Wang C, Casiano CA. Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulates and Interacts with LEDGF/p75 to Promote Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2046. [PMID: 37626856 PMCID: PMC10453226 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) invariably develop resistance to anti-androgen therapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been implicated in PCa therapy resistance; however, the mechanisms underlying GR-mediated chemoresistance remain unclear. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75, also known as PSIP1 and DFS70) is a glucocorticoid-induced transcription co-activator implicated in cancer chemoresistance. We investigated the contribution of the GR-LEDGF/p75 axis to docetaxel (DTX)-resistance in PCa cells. GR silencing in DTX-sensitive and -resistant PCa cells decreased LEDGF/p75 expression, and GR upregulation in enzalutamide-resistant cells correlated with increased LEDGF/p75 expression. ChIP-sequencing revealed GR binding sites in the LEDGF/p75 promoter. STRING protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that GR and LEDGF/p75 belong to the same transcriptional network, and immunochemical studies demonstrated their co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization in DTX-resistant cells. The GR modulators exicorilant and relacorilant increased the sensitivity of chemoresistant PCa cells to DTX-induced cell death, and this effect was more pronounced upon LEDGF/p75 silencing. RNA-sequencing of DTX-resistant cells with GR or LEDGF/p75 knockdown revealed a transcriptomic overlap targeting signaling pathways associated with cell survival and proliferation, cancer, and therapy resistance. These studies implicate the GR-LEDGF/p75 axis in PCa therapy resistance and provide a pre-clinical rationale for developing novel therapeutic strategies for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn S. Sanchez-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Pedro T. Ochoa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Tise Suzuki
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Greisha L. Ortiz-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
| | - Juli J. Unternaehrer
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Hossam R. Alkashgari
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos J. Diaz Osterman
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (C.J.D.O.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Shannalee R. Martinez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (C.J.D.O.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Isaac Kremsky
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (E.S.S.-H.); (T.S.); (G.L.O.-H.); (J.J.U.); (H.R.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Z.C.); (I.K.); (C.W.)
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Filippi L, Urso L, Schillaci O, Evangelista L. [ 18F]-FDHT PET for the Imaging of Androgen Receptor in Prostate and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2613. [PMID: 37568977 PMCID: PMC10417772 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone ([18F]-FDHT) for the in vivo imaging of androgen receptors (AR) through positron emission tomography (PET) in metastatic breast (mBC) and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Relevant studies published from 2013 up to May 2023 were selected by searching Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. The selected imaging studies were analyzed using a modified version of the critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Eleven studies encompassing 321 patients were selected. Seven of the eleven selected papers included 266 subjects (82.2%) affected by mCRPC, while four encompassed 55 (17.2%) patients affected by mBC. [18F]-FDHT PET showed a satisfying test/retest reproducibility, and when compared to a histochemical analysis, it provided encouraging results for in vivo AR quantification both in mCRPC and mBC. [18F]-FDHT PET had a prognostic relevance in mCRPC patients submitted to AR-targeted therapy, while a clear association between [18F]-FDHT uptake and the bicalutamide response was not observed in women affected by AR-positive mBC. Further studies are needed to better define the role of [18F]-FDHT PET, alone or in combination with other tracers (i.e., [18F]-FDG/[18F]-FES), for patients' selection and monitoring during AR-targeted therapy, especially in the case of mBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, “Santa Maria Goretti” Hospital, Via Antonio Canova, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luca Urso
- Department of Nuclear Medicine—PET/CT Center, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 45100 Rovigo, Italy;
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Evangelista
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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35
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Han X, Zhao L, Xiang W, Wang M, Miao B, Qin C, McEachern D, Lu J, Wang Y, Metwally H, Kirchhoff P, Wang L, Matvekas A, Takyi-Williams J, Wen B, Sun D, Ator M, Mckean R, Wang S. Discovery of ARD-2051 as a Potent and Orally Efficacious Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) Degrader of Androgen Receptor for the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:8822-8843. [PMID: 37382562 PMCID: PMC10568492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of ARD-2051 as a potent and orally efficacious androgen receptor (AR) proteolysis-targeting chimera degrader. ARD-2051 achieves DC50 values of 0.6 nM and Dmax >90% in inducing AR protein degradation in both the LNCaP and VCaP prostate cancer cell lines, potently and effectively suppresses AR-regulated genes, and inhibits cancer cell growth. ARD-2051 achieves a good oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile in mouse, rat, and dog. A single oral dose of ARD-2051 strongly reduces AR protein and suppresses AR-regulated gene expression in the VCaP xenograft tumor tissue in mice. Oral administration of ARD-2051 effectively inhibits VCaP tumor growth and causes no signs of toxicity in mice. ARD-2051 is a promising AR degrader for advanced preclinical development for the treatment of AR+ human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lijie Zhao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Weiguo Xiang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bukeyan Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chong Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donna McEachern
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hoda Metwally
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul Kirchhoff
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Aleksas Matvekas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John Takyi-Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark Ator
- Oncopia Therapeutics Inc, 2 West Liberty Blvd. Malvern, PA 19355 USA
| | - Robert Mckean
- Oncopia Therapeutics Inc, 2 West Liberty Blvd. Malvern, PA 19355 USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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36
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Crabb S, Morgan A, Hunter MS, Stefanopoulou E, Griffiths G, Richardson A, Fenlon D, Fleure L, Raftery J, Boxall C, Wilding S, Nuttall J, Eminton Z, Tilt E, O'Neill A, Bacon R, Martin J. A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy to MANage the impact of hot flushes and night sweats in patients with prostate CANcer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (MANCAN2). Trials 2023; 24:450. [PMID: 37430353 PMCID: PMC10332063 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is prescribed to almost half of all men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Although ADT is effective treatment, with virtually all men with advanced disease showing initial clinical response, it is associated with troublesome side effects including hot flushes and night sweats (HFNS). HFNS can be both frequent and severe and can have a significant impact on quality of life (QoL). They can occasionally be so debilitating that patients stop ADT altogether, despite the increased risk of disease relapse or death. Previous research has found that guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be effective in reducing HFNS due to ADT when delivered by a clinical psychologist. MANCAN2 aims test whether we can train the existing NHS Prostate Cancer Nurse Specialist (CNS) team to deliver guided self-help CBT and whether it is effective in reducing the impact of HFNS in men undergoing ADT. METHODS MANCAN2 is a phase III multicentre randomised controlled trial and process evaluation. Between 144 and 196 men with prostate cancer who are currently receiving ADT and are experiencing problematic HFNS will be individually randomised in a 1:1 ratio in groups of 6-8 participants to either treatment as usual (TAU) or participation in the guided self-help CBT intervention plus TAU. A process evaluation using the normalisation process theory (NPT) framework will be conducted, to understand the CNS team's experiences of delivering the intervention and to establish the key influencers to its implementation as a routine practice service. Fidelity of implementation of the intervention will be conducted by expert assessment. The cost-effectiveness of the intervention and participant adherence to the trial intervention will also be assessed. DISCUSSION MANCAN2 will advance the program of work already conducted in development of management strategies for HFNS. This research will determine whether the severity of ADT-induced HFNS in men with prostate cancer can be reduced by a guided self-help CBT intervention, delivered by the existing NHS prostate cancer CNS team, within a multicentre study. The emphasis on this existing team, if successful, should facilitate translation through to implementation in routine practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN reference 58720120 . Registered 13 December 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Crabb
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Alannah Morgan
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Myra S Hunter
- Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College, London, UK
| | | | - Gareth Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Alison Richardson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Deborah Fenlon
- Swansea University, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales
| | - Louisa Fleure
- Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas Hospital Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | | | - Cherish Boxall
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sam Wilding
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jacqueline Nuttall
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Zina Eminton
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emma Tilt
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alice O'Neill
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Roger Bacon
- Prostate Cancer Support Organisation (PCaSO), Emsworth, UK
| | - Jonathan Martin
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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37
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Lim EA, Schweizer MT, Chi KN, Aggarwal R, Agarwal N, Gulley J, Attiyeh E, Greger J, Wu S, Jaiprasart P, Loffredo J, Bandyopadhyay N, Xie H, Hansen AR. Phase 1 Study of Safety and Preliminary Clinical Activity of JNJ-63898081, a PSMA and CD3 Bispecific Antibody, for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2023; 21:366-375. [PMID: 36948922 PMCID: PMC10219845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer immunotherapies have limited efficacy in prostate cancer due to the immunosuppressive prostate microenvironment. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression is prevalent in prostate cancer, preserved during malignant transformation, and increases in response to anti-androgen therapies, making it a commonly targeted tumor associated antigen for prostate cancer. JNJ-63898081 (JNJ-081) is a bispecific antibody targeting PSMA-expressing tumor cells and CD3-expressing T cells, aiming to overcome immunosuppression and promoting antitumor activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a phase 1 dose escalation study of JNJ-081 in patients with metastatic castration-resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC). Eligible patients included those receiving ≥1 prior line treatment with either novel androgen receptor targeted therapy or taxane for mCRPC. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of JNJ-081, and preliminary antitumor response to treatment were evaluated. JNJ-081 was administered initially by intravenous (IV) then by subcutaneous (SC) route. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients in 10 dosing cohorts received JNJ-081 ranging from 0.3 µg/kg to 3.0 µg/kg IV and 3.0 µg/kg to 60 µg/kg SC (with step-up priming used at higher SC doses). All 39 patients experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent AE, and no treatment-related deaths were reported. Dose-limiting toxicities were observed in 4 patients. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed at higher doses with JNJ-081 IV or SC; however, CRS and infusion-related reaction (IRR) were reduced with SC dosing and step-up priming at higher doses. Treatment doses >30 µg/kg SC led to transient PSA decreases. No radiographic responses were observed. Anti-drug antibody responses were observed in 19 patients receiving JNJ-081 IV or SC. CONCLUSION JNJ-081 dosing led to transient declines in PSA in patients with mCRPC. CRS and IRR could be partially mitigated by SC dosing, step-up priming, and a combination of both strategies. T cell redirection for prostate cancer is feasible and PSMA is a potential therapeutic target for T cell redirection in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kim N Chi
- BC Cancer- Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - James Gulley
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - James Greger
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA
| | - Shujian Wu
- Janssen Research & Development, Horsham, PA
| | | | | | | | - Hong Xie
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Princess Alexandria Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Yang PJ, Lin CW, Lee CY, Huang JY, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. The Use of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Lead to Similar Rate of Following Open Angle Glaucoma: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112915. [PMID: 37296878 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to survey the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on the development of open angle glaucoma (OAG) in prostate cancer using the data from national health insurance research database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. A retrospective cohort study was conducted and patients were regarded as prostate cancer with ADT according to related diagnostic, procedure and medication codes. Each prostate subject with ADT was matched to one patient with prostate cancer, but without ADT, and two participants without both prostate cancer and ADT; 1791, 1791 and 3582 patients were recruited in each group. The primary outcome was set as the OAG development according to related diagnostic codes. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ADT for the incidence of OAG. There were 145, 65 and 42 newly developed OAG cases in the control group, prostate cancer without ADT group and prostate cancer with ADT group. The prostate cancer with ADT group showed a significantly lower risk of OAG development compared to the control group (aHR: 0.689, 95% CI: 0.489-0.972, p = 0.0341), and the risk of OAG development in the prostate cancer without ADT group was similar compared to that in the control group (aHR: 0.825, 95% CI: 0.613-1.111, p = 0.2052). In addition, ages older than 50 years old would lead to higher incidence of OAG development, respectively. In conclusion, the use of ADT will lead to a similar or lower rate of OAG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Yang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jen-Ai Hospital Dali Branch, Taichung 412, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Wang X, Kho PF, Ramachandran D, Bafligil C, Amant F, Goode EL, Scott RJ, Tomlinson I, Evans DG, Crosbie EJ, Dörk T, Spurdle AB, Glubb DM, O'Mara TA. Multi-trait genome-wide association study identifies a novel endometrial cancer risk locus that associates with testosterone levels. iScience 2023; 26:106590. [PMID: 37168552 PMCID: PMC10165198 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To detect novel endometrial cancer risk variants, we leveraged information from endometrial cancer risk factors in a multi-trait GWAS analysis. We first assessed causal relationships between established and suspected endometrial cancer risk factors, and endometrial cancer using Mendelian randomization. Following multivariable analysis, five independent risk factors (waist circumference, testosterone levels, sex hormone binding globulin levels, age at menarche, and age at natural menopause) were included in a multi-trait Bayesian GWAS analysis. We identified three potentially novel loci that associate with endometrial cancer risk, one of which (7q22.1) replicated in an independent endometrial cancer GWAS dataset and was genome-wide significant in a meta-analysis. This locus may affect endometrial cancer risk through altered testosterone levels. Consistent with this, we observed colocalization between the signals for endometrial cancer risk and expression of CYP3A7, a gene involved in testosterone metabolism. Thus, our findings suggest opportunities for hormone therapy to prevent or treat endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Wang
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Pik Fang Kho
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | - Cemsel Bafligil
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Emma J. Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Population Health Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Dylan M. Glubb
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Tracy A. O'Mara
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Corresponding author
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40
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Kairemo K, Hodolic M. Androgen Receptor Imaging in the Management of Hormone-Dependent Cancers with Emphasis on Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098235. [PMID: 37175938 PMCID: PMC10179508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is dependent on the action of steroid hormones on the receptors. Endocrine therapy inhibits hormone production or blocks the receptors, thus providing clinical benefit to many, but not all, oncological patients. It is difficult to predict which patient will benefit from endocrine therapy and which will not. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of androgen receptors (AR) may provide functional information on the likelihood of endocrine therapy response in individual patients. In this article, we review the utility of [18F]FDHT-PET imaging in prostate, breast, and other hormone-dependent cancers expressing AR. The methodologies, development, and new possibilities are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalevi Kairemo
- Department of Molecular Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine, Docrates Cancer Center, 00180 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marina Hodolic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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41
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Tao J, Ge Q, Meng J, Liang C, Hao Z, Zhou J. Overexpression of DDX49 in prostate cancer is associated with poor prognosis. BMC Urol 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 37106339 PMCID: PMC10134639 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that DEAD-box helicases (DDX) can act either as promoters or suppressors in various cancer types. Nevertheless, the function of DDX49 in prostate cancer (PCa) is unknown. This study reveals the prognostic and predictive value of DDX49 in PCa. METHODS First, we evaluated the expression of DDX49 between PCa and normal tissues based on TCGA and GEO databases. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to reveal the risk factors for PCa recurrence. A K-M curve was employed to assess the relationship between DDX49 and recurrence-free survival. In vitro, DDX49 expression was evaluated in PCa and normal prostate cell lines. Furthermore, we constructed a shDDX49 lentivirus to knock down the expression of DDX49. Celigo® Image Cytometer and MTT assay were performed to analyse cell proliferation in PC-3 cells. Cell cycle distribution was detected with flow cytometry analysis. Apoptosis affected by the lack of DDX49 was metred with the PathScan® Stress and Apoptosis Signalling Antibody Array Kit. RESULTS This study shows a high increase in DDX49 in PCa tissues in comparison with normal tissues and that increased DDX49 indicates a poor prognosis among PCa patients. Meanwhile, DDX49 knockdown suppressed the proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells, causing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Stress and apoptosis pathway analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of HSP27, p53, and SAPK/JNK was reduced in the DDX49 knockdown group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these results suggest that high expression of DDX49 predicts a poor prognosis among PCa patients. Downregulation of DDX49 can suppress cell proliferation, block the cell cycle, and facilitate cell apoptosis. Therefore, knockdown of DDX49 is a promising novel therapy for treating patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyue Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qintao Ge
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialing Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou Y, Li T, Jia M, Dai R, Wang R. The Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: From the Past to the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087482. [PMID: 37108647 PMCID: PMC10140972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to rank as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in western countries, despite the golden treatment using androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or anti-androgen therapy. With decades of research, scientists have gradually realized that the existence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) successfully explains tumor recurrence, metastasis and therapeutic failure of PCa. Theoretically, eradication of this small population may improve the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches and prolong PCa survival. However, several characteristics of PCSCs make their diminishment extremely challenging: inherent resistance to anti-androgen and chemotherapy treatment, over-activation of the survival pathway, adaptation to tumor micro-environments, escape from immune attack and being easier to metastasize. For this end, a better understanding of PCSC biology at the molecular level will definitely inspire us to develop PCSC targeted approaches. In this review, we comprehensively summarize signaling pathways responsible for homeostatic regulation of PCSCs and discuss how to eliminate these fractional cells in clinical practice. Overall, this study deeply pinpoints PCSC biology at the molecular level and provides us some research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Man Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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43
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Zhou B, Jia BX, Zhang MJ, Tan YJ, Liang WY, Gan X, Li HT, Yang X, Shen XC. Zn 2+-interference and H 2S-mediated gas therapy based on ZnS-tannic acid nanoparticles synergistic enhancement of cell apoptosis for specific treatment of prostate cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113313. [PMID: 37075522 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Zn2+ and H2S are essential to maintain normal prostate function, and sometimes can evolve into weapons to attack and destroy prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Nevertheless, how to achieve the targeted and effective release of Zn2+ and H2S, and reverse the concentration distribution within PCa tumor cells still highly challenging. Herein, combined with these pathological characteristics of prostate, we proposed a tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive Zn2+-interference and H2S-mediated gas synergistic therapy strategy based on a nanoplatform of tannic acid (TA) modified zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS@TA) for the specific treatment of PCa. Once the constructed pH-responsive ZnS@TA internalized by cancer cells, it would instantaneously decomposed in acidic TME, and explosively release excess Zn2+ and H2S exceeding the cell self-regulation threshold. Meanwhile, the in situ produced Zn2+ and H2S synergistic enhancement of cell apoptosis, which is evidenced to increase levels of Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of Cytochrome c in cancer cells, contributing to inhibit the growth of tumor. Moreover, the TA in cooperation with Zn2+ specifically limits the migration and invasion of PCa cells. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the Zn2+-interference in combination with H2S-mediated gas therapy achieves an excellent anti-tumor performance. Overall, this nanotheranostic synergistic therapy provides a promising direction for exploring new strategies for cancer treatment based on specific tumor pathological characteristics, and provides a new vision for promoting practical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ben-Xu Jia
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jin Zhang
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Tan
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yuan Liang
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gan
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China.
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Vasilatis DM, Lucchesi CA, Ghosh PM. Molecular Similarities and Differences between Canine Prostate Cancer and Human Prostate Cancer Variants. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041100. [PMID: 37189720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs are one of few species that naturally develop prostate cancer (PCa), which clinically resembles aggressive, advanced PCa in humans. Moreover, PCa-tumor samples from dogs are often androgen receptor (AR)-negative and may enrich our understanding of AR-indifferent PCa in humans, a highly lethal subset of PCa for which few treatment modalities are available This narrative review discusses the molecular similarities between dog PCa and specific human-PCa variants, underscoring the possibilities of using the dog as a novel pre-clinical animal model for human PCa, resulting in new therapies and diagnostics that may benefit both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demitria M Vasilatis
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA)-Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | | | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA)-Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
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45
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Gao P, Li T, Zhang K, Luo G. Recent advances in the molecular targeted drugs for prostate cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:777-789. [PMID: 36719528 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second largest male tumor in the world and one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. In recent years, the incidence rate of PCa in China has been increasing year by year. Meanwhile, refractory hormone resistance and adverse drug reactions of advanced PCa cause serious harm to patients. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to systematically review the recent advances in molecularly targeted drugs for prostate cancer and to use the retrieval and analysis of the literature library to summarize the adverse effects of different drugs so as to maximize the treatment benefits of targeted therapies. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a systematic literature search of the Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases up to March 2022 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords such as (prostate cancer) AND (molecular target drugs) AND (side effect) were used. No language restrictions were set on the search process, and all these results were processed independently by two authors. Consensus was reached through discussion once met with any disagreements. The primary endpoint was differential features between different molecular targeted drugs. Secondary endpoints were side effects of different drugs on the body and corresponding prognostic values. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess the study quality in terms of sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, the completeness of outcome data, selective reporting and other biases. We retrieved 332 articles, of which 49 met the criteria for inclusion. Included studies show that prostatic tumor cells, tumor neovascularization and immune checkpoints are the main means for targeted therapy. Common drugs include 177 Lu-PSMA, Olaparib, Rucaparib, Bevacizumab, Pazopanib, Sorafenib, Cabozantinib, Aflibercept, Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab. A series of publicly available data suitable for further analysis of side effects. An over-representation analysis of these datasets revealed reasonable dosage and usage is the key to controlling the side effects of targeted drugs. Important information such as the publication year, the first author, location and outcome observation of adverse effects was extracted from the original article. If the study data has some insufficient data, contacting the corresponding authors is necessary. All the studies included prospective nonrandomized and randomized research. Retrospective reviews were also screened according to the relevant to the purpose of this study. Meeting abstracts as well as letters to the editor and editorials were excluded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data analysis was based on Cochrane's risk of bias tools to obtain the quality assessment. The included randomized studies used RoB2 and non-randomized ones corresponded to ROBINS-I. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were used to determine relative risk (RR) and side effects between groups. The eggers' test was used to check the publication bias from variable information in the included studies. All p < 0.05 were considered to be significant, and 95% was set as the confidence interval. CONCLUSIONS With the approval of a variety of targeted drugs, targeted therapy will be widely used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. Despite the existence of adverse reactions related to targeted drug treatment, it is still meaningful to adjust the drug dosage or treatment cycle to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, improving the treatment benefits of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pudong Gao
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Kuiyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Guangheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
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Kelm JM, Pandey DS, Malin E, Kansou H, Arora S, Kumar R, Gavande NS. PROTAC'ing oncoproteins: targeted protein degradation for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:62. [PMID: 36991452 PMCID: PMC10061819 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted cancer therapies substantially improve patient outcomes, although the durability of their effectiveness can be limited. Resistance to these therapies is often related to adaptive changes in the target oncoprotein which reduce binding affinity. The arsenal of targeted cancer therapies, moreover, lacks coverage of several notorious oncoproteins with challenging features for inhibitor development. Degraders are a relatively new therapeutic modality which deplete the target protein by hijacking the cellular protein destruction machinery. Degraders offer several advantages for cancer therapy including resiliency to acquired mutations in the target protein, enhanced selectivity, lower dosing requirements, and the potential to abrogate oncogenic transcription factors and scaffolding proteins. Herein, we review the development of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for selected cancer therapy targets and their reported biological activities. The medicinal chemistry of PROTAC design has been a challenging area of active research, but the recent advances in the field will usher in an era of rational degrader design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Kelm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Deepti S Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Evan Malin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hussein Kansou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sahil Arora
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Navnath S Gavande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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47
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Let’s Go 3D! New Generation of Models for Evaluating Drug Response and Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065293. [PMID: 36982368 PMCID: PMC10049142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and the second most frequent in men. Several risk factors can contribute to the development of PC, and those include age, family history, and specific genetic mutations. So far, drug testing in PC, as well as in cancer research in general, has been performed on 2D cell cultures. This is mainly because of the vast benefits these models provide, including simplicity and cost effectiveness. However, it is now known that these models are exposed to much higher stiffness; lose physiological extracellular matrix on artificial plastic surfaces; and show changes in differentiation, polarization, and cell–cell communication. This leads to the loss of crucial cellular signaling pathways and changes in cell responses to stimuli when compared to in vivo conditions. Here, we emphasize the importance of a diverse collection of 3D PC models and their benefits over 2D models in drug discovery and screening from the studies done so far, outlining their benefits and limitations. We highlight the differences between the diverse types of 3D models, with the focus on tumor–stroma interactions, cell populations, and extracellular matrix composition, and we summarize various standard and novel therapies tested on 3D models of PC for the purpose of raising awareness of the possibilities for a personalized approach in PC therapy.
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48
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Wang L, Gong S, Zhang X, Azhar Z, Chen J. Investigation of the regulatory effects of synthesized antisense oligonucleotides on androgen receptor (AR) exon 3 splicing in prostate cancer cells. Gene 2023; 866:147330. [PMID: 36871670 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The Androgen Receptor (AR) gene plays a key role in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Controlling the progression of CRPC by inhibiting AR gene expression is one of the core directions for prostate cancer (Pca) drug development. A 23-amino acids retention, named exon 3a, into the DNA binding domain of the splice variant AR23 has been shown to prevent AR from entering the nucleus and restore the sensitivity of cancer cells to related therapies. In this study, we conducted a preliminary investigation of the splicing modulation of the AR gene in order to develop a splice-switching therapy for Pca by promoting exon 3a inclusion. Using mutagenesis-coupled RT-PCR with AR minigene and over-expression of certain splicing factors, we found that serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are key factors facilitating the recognition of the 3' splice site of exon 3a (L-3' SS), while the deletion or blocking of the polypyrimidine tract (PPT) region of the original 3' splice site of exon 3 (S-3' SS) could strongly enhance exon 3a splicing without affecting the function of any SR protein. Furthermore, we designed a series of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to screen drug candidates, and ASOs targeting S-3' SS and its PPT region or the exonic region of exon 3 turned out to be most effective in rescuing exon 3a splicing. A dose-response test indicated ASO12 as the lead candidate drug significantly promoting the inclusion of exon 3a to more than 85%. MTT assay confirmed that the cell proliferation was significantly inhibited after ASO treatment. Our results provide the first glance to AR splicing regulation. With several promising therapeutic ASO candidates obtained here, further development of ASO drugs to treat CRPC is strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeb Azhar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Ashraf MU, Farwa U, Siddiqa M, Sarfraz A, Azeem N, Sarfraz Z. Has the Landscape of Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer Changed? A Systematic Review and Post Hoc Analysis. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231165140. [PMID: 37002863 PMCID: PMC10069001 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231165140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-causing death in the United States. As the most common malignancy in men, it is pertinent to explore whether novel immunotherapies may improve the quality of life and overall survival (OS) of patient populations. This systematic review and post hoc analysis curates a patient-by-patient pool of evidence adhering to PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines. In total, 24 patients were analyzed for treatment history and associated variables including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis and post-treatment, Gleason score, secondary tumor locations, success/failure of therapy, and post-immunotherapy outcomes including OS. In total, 10 types of immunotherapies were identified with Pembrolizumab (among 8 patients) followed by IMM-101 (among 6 patients) being the most commonly administered. The mean OS for all patients was 27.8 months (24 patients) with the relatively highest mean OS reported with IMM-101 (56 months) followed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (30 months). This research article provides critical insights into the evolving landscape of immunotherapies being tested for PCa and addresses gaps in oncological research to advance the understanding of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ume Farwa
- University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Siddiqa
- University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nishwa Azeem
- Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Ian Janes WC, Ogunyemi B, Andrews M. Case - Leuprolide acetate-induced necrotic skin ulceration. Can Urol Assoc J 2023; 17:E92-E94. [PMID: 36473470 PMCID: PMC10027351 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has become a well-established modality in the management of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer.1 Leuprolide acetate, a synthetically derived gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) agonist, is commonly used for ADT in men.2 Despite proven effectiveness, the administration of GnRHR agonists is associated with common adverse reactions, such as impotence, hot flashes, and fatigue. Injection site reactions have also been documented, however, are infrequent, with the most common being localized pain.3,4 Here, we report a case of necrotic skin ulceration following multiple administrations of intramuscular leuprolide acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Ian Janes
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Matthew Andrews
- Department of Urology, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
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