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Zhang H, Yan J, Xie D, Zhu X, Nie G, Zhang H, Li X. Selenium restored mitophagic flux to alleviate cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting excessive GPER1-mediated mitophagy activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134855. [PMID: 38880044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant, while selenium (Se) can ameliorate heavy metal toxicity. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Se against Cd-induced hepatocyte injury and its underlying mechanisms. To achieve this, we utilized the Dongdagou-Xinglong cohort, BRL3A cell models, and a rat model exposed to Cd and/or Se. The results showed that Se counteracted liver function injury and the decrease in GPER1 levels caused by environmental Cd exposure, and various methods confirmed that Se could protect against Cd-induced hepatotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, Cd caused excessive mitophagy activation, evidenced by the colocalization of LC3B, PINK1, Parkin, P62, and TOMM20. Transfection of BRL3A cells with mt-keima adenovirus indicated that Cd inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion, thereby impeding mitophagic flux. Importantly, G1, a specific agonist of GPER1, mitigated Cd-induced mitophagy overactivation and hepatocyte toxicity, whereas G15 exacerbates these effects. Notably, Se supplementation attenuated Cd-induced GPER1 protein reduction and excessive mitophagy activation while facilitating autophagosome-lysosome fusion, thereby restoring mitophagic flux. In conclusion, this study proposed a novel mechanism whereby Se alleviated GPER1-mediated mitophagy and promoted autophagosome-lysosome fusion, thus restoring Cd-induced mitophagic flux damage, and preventing hepatocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Medical School Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Danna Xie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guole Nie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Theater, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Medical School Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; General Surgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Guo X, Zhang Z, Gu J, Ke P, Liu J, Meng Y, Zheng W, Que W, Fan R, Luo J, Xiao F. FUDNC1-dependent mitophagy ameliorate motor neuron death in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 197:106534. [PMID: 38759931 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, yet effective treatment is lacking. Moreover, the underlying pathomechanisms of ALS remain unclear, with impaired mitophagy function being increasingly recognized as a contributing factor. FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1) is an autophagy receptor localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and a mitochondrial membrane protein that mediates mitophagy and therefore considered as important factor in neurodegenerative diseases. However, its specific role in ALS is not yet clear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of FUNDC1 in ALS and determine its regulatory mechanisms. ALS transgenic mice were obtained and maintained under standard conditions. Cell lines were generated by stable transfection with hSOD1G93A or control vectors. Mice received intrathecal injections of AAV9 vectors expressing FUNDC1 or EGFP. Motor function was assessed through behavioral tests, and histological and immunostaining analyses were performed. Colocalization analysis was conducted in transfected cells, and protein expression was evaluated via western blotting. We first observed that FUNDC1 was significantly downregulated in the spinal cord tissues of SOD1G93A mice. FUNDC1 overexpression considerably improved locomotor activity and prolonged survival time in SOD1G93A mice. Mechanistically, reduced expression of FUNDC1 resulted in decreased mitophagy, as indicated by decreased recruitment through LC3 in SOD1G93A mice and cellular models. Consequently, this led to increased mitochondrial accumulation and cell apoptosis, exacerbating the ALS phenotype. Furthermore, we identified transcription factor FOXD3 as an essential upstream factor of FUNDC1, resulting in reduced transcription of FUNDC1 in ALS lesions. This study suggests a novel strategy of targeting FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy for developing therapeutic interventions to mitigate disease progression and improve outcomes for ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - PingYang Ke
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - WenJun Que
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China.
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3
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Wang L, Song Y, Zhang P, Chen W, Xiao F, Zhou P, Yang X, Dai H. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor alleviates heatstroke-induced acute kidney injury by activating BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23723. [PMID: 38865198 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400047r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced inflammation and apoptosis are important pathophysiological features of heat stroke-induced acute kidney injury (HS-AKI). Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key protein that regulates cell adaptation to hypoxia. HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) stabilizes HIF to increase cell adaptation to hypoxia. Herein, we reported that HIF-PHI pretreatment significantly improved renal function, enhanced thermotolerance, and increased the survival rate of mice in the context of HS. Moreover, HIF-PHI could alleviate HS-induced mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) by enhancing mitophagy in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, mitophagy inhibitors Mdivi-1, 3-MA, and Baf-A1 reversed the renoprotective effects of HIF-PHI. Mechanistically, HIF-PHI protects RTECs from inflammation and apoptosis by enhancing Bcl-2 adenovirus E18 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)-mediated mitophagy, while genetic ablation of BNIP3 attenuated HIF-PHI-induced mitophagy and abolished HIF-PHI-mediated renal protection. Thus, our results indicated that HIF-PHI protects renal function by upregulating BNIP3-mediated mitophagy to improve HS-induced inflammation and apoptosis of RTECs, suggesting HIF-PHI as a promising therapeutic agent to treat HS-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongwei Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuesen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanzi Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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4
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Im S, Jeong DJ, Kim E, Choi JH, Jang HJ, Kim YY, Um JH, Lee J, Lee YJ, Lee KM, Choi D, Yoo E, Lee HS, Yun J. A novel marine-derived mitophagy inducer ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and thermal hypersensitivity in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38925168 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and maintenance of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a significant limitation of cancer chemotherapy. Recently, the stimulation of mitophagy, a pivotal process for mitochondrial homeostasis, has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, but its therapeutic effect on CIPN has not been explored. Here, we assessed the mitophagy-inducing activity of 3,5-dibromo-2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-phenol (PDE701), a diphenyl ether derivative isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea sp., and investigated its therapeutic effect on a CIPN model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mitophagy activity was determined by a previously established mitophagy assay using mitochondrial Keima (mt-Keima). Mitophagy induction was further verified by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Mitochondrial dysfunction was analysed by measuring mitochondrial superoxide levels in SH-SY5Y cells and Drosophila larvae. A thermal nociception assay was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PDE701 on the paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia phenotype in Drosophila larvae. KEY RESULTS PDE701 specifically induced mitophagy but was not toxic to mitochondria. PDE701 ameliorated paclitaxel-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in both SH-SY5Y cells and Drosophila larvae. Importantly, PDE701 also significantly ameliorated paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia in Drosophila larvae. Knockdown of ATG5 or ATG7 abolished the effect of PDE701 on thermal hyperalgesia, suggesting that PDE701 exerts its therapeutic effect through mitophagy induction. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study identified PDE701 as a novel mitophagy inducer and a potential therapeutic compound for CIPN. Our results suggest that mitophagy stimulation is a promising strategy for the treatment of CIPN and that marine organisms are a potential source of mitophagy-inducing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Im
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jin Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Choi
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Choi
- Altmedical Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Yoo
- Altmedical Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyi-Seung Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wang Y, Hu Z, Jiang M, Zhang Y, Yuan L, Wang Z, Song T, Zhang Z. Yeast Bxi1/Ybh3 mediates conserved mitophagy and apoptosis in yeast and mammalian cells: convergence in Bcl-2 family. Biol Chem 2024; 405:417-426. [PMID: 38465853 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The process of degrading unwanted or damaged mitochondria by autophagy, called mitophagy, is essential for mitochondrial quality control together with mitochondrial apoptosis. In mammalian cells, pan-Bcl-2 family members including conical Bcl-2 members and non-conical ones are involved in and govern the two processes. We have illustrated recently the BH3 receptor Hsp70 interacts with Bim to mediate both apoptosis and mitophagy. However, whether similar pathways exist in lower eukaryotes where conical Bcl-2 members are absent remained unclear. Here, a specific inhibitor of the Hsp70-Bim PPI, S1g-10 and its analogs were used as chemical tools to explore the role of yeast Bxi1/Ybh3 in regulating mitophagy and apoptosis. Using Om45-GFP processing assay, we illustrated that yeast Ybh3 mediates a ubiquitin-related mitophagy pathway in both yeast and mammalian cells through association with Hsp70, which is in the same manner with Bim. Moreover, by using Bax/Bak double knockout MEF cells, Ybh3 was identified to induce apoptosis through forming oligomerization to trigger mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) like Bax. We not only illustrated a conserved ubiquitin-related mitophagy pathway in yeast but also revealed the multi-function of Ybh3 which combines the function of BH3-only protein and multi-domain Bax protein as one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Maojun Jiang
- School of Chemistry, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Linjie Yuan
- School of Chemistry, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- School of Chemistry, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Song
- School of Chemistry, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry, 12399 Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
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6
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Lu YS, Hung WC, Hsieh YT, Tsai PY, Tsai TH, Fan HH, Chang YG, Cheng HK, Huang SY, Lin HC, Lee YH, Shen TH, Hung BY, Tsai JW, Dzhagalov I, Cheng IHJ, Lin CJ, Chern Y, Hsu CL. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 supports microglial functions and protects against the progression of Huntington's disease in the mouse model. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:413-429. [PMID: 38925413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. Currently, there is no cure, and only limited treatments are available to manage the symptoms and to slow down the disease's progression. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of HD's pathogenesis are complex, involving immune cell activation, altered protein turnover, and disturbance in brain energy homeostasis. Microglia have been known to play a dual role in HD, contributing to neurodegeneration through inflammation but also enacting neuroprotective effects by clearing mHTT aggregates. However, little is known about the contribution of microglial metabolism to HD progression. This study explores the impact of a microglial metabolite transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3), in HD. Known as a lysosomal membrane transporter protein, ENT3 is highly enriched in microglia, with its expression correlated with HD severity. Using the R6/2 ENT3-/- mouse model, we found that the deletion of ENT3 increases microglia numbers yet worsens HD progression, leading to mHTT accumulation, cell death, and disturbed energy metabolism. These results suggest that the delicate balance between microglial metabolism and function is crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis and that ENT3 has a protective role in ameliorating neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Sui Lu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Hung
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hsien Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Han Fan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Gin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kuei Cheng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Yan Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chuan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hua Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiang Shen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Hung
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ivan Dzhagalov
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Irene Han-Juo Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Liu D, Qin H, Gao Y, Sun M, Wang M. Cardiovascular disease: Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy crosstalk mechanisms with novel programmed cell death and macrophage polarisation. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107258. [PMID: 38909638 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Several cardiovascular illnesses are associated with aberrant activation of cellular pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, and macrophage polarisation as hallmarks contributing to vascular damage and abnormal cardiac function. Meanwhile, these three novel forms of cellular dysfunction are closely related to mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondria are the main organelles that supply energy and maintain cellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial stability is maintained through a series of regulatory pathways, such as mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy. Studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., impaired mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy) promotes ROS production, leading to oxidative stress, which induces cellular pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis and macrophage M1 phenotypic polarisation. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge of the dynamic regulation of mitochondria during cellular pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis and macrophage polarisation is necessary to understand cardiovascular disease development. This paper systematically summarises the impact of changes in mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy on regulating novel cellular dysfunctions and macrophage polarisation to promote an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and provide corresponding theoretical references for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hewei Qin
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengyan Sun
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengnan Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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8
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Gao DL, Lin MR, Ge N, Guo JT, Yang F, Sun SY. From macroautophagy to mitophagy: Unveiling the hidden role of mitophagy in gastrointestinal disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2934-2946. [PMID: 38946875 PMCID: PMC11212700 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i23.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we comment on an article titled "Morphological and biochemical characteristics associated with autophagy in gastrointestinal diseases", which was published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology. We focused on the statement that "autophagy is closely related to the digestion, secretion, and regeneration of gastrointestinal cells". With advancing research, autophagy, and particularly the pivotal role of the macroautophagy in maintaining cellular equilibrium and stress response in the gastrointestinal system, has garnered extensive study. However, the significance of mitophagy, a unique selective autophagy pathway with ubiquitin-dependent and independent variants, should not be overlooked. In recent decades, mitophagy has been shown to be closely related to the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. The interplay between mitophagy and mitochondrial quality control is crucial for elucidating disease mechanisms, as well as for the development of novel treatment strategies. Exploring the pathogenesis behind gastrointestinal diseases and providing individualized and efficient treatment for patients are subjects we have been exploring. This article reviews the potential mechanism of mitophagy in gastrointestinal diseases with the hope of providing new ideas for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo-Lun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meng-Ran Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin-Tao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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9
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Yusri K, Kumar S, Fong S, Gruber J, Sorrentino V. Towards Healthy Longevity: Comprehensive Insights from Molecular Targets and Biomarkers to Biological Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6793. [PMID: 38928497 PMCID: PMC11203944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex and time-dependent decline in physiological function that affects most organisms, leading to increased risk of age-related diseases. Investigating the molecular underpinnings of aging is crucial to identify geroprotectors, precisely quantify biological age, and propose healthy longevity approaches. This review explores pathways that are currently being investigated as intervention targets and aging biomarkers spanning molecular, cellular, and systemic dimensions. Interventions that target these hallmarks may ameliorate the aging process, with some progressing to clinical trials. Biomarkers of these hallmarks are used to estimate biological aging and risk of aging-associated disease. Utilizing aging biomarkers, biological aging clocks can be constructed that predict a state of abnormal aging, age-related diseases, and increased mortality. Biological age estimation can therefore provide the basis for a fine-grained risk stratification by predicting all-cause mortality well ahead of the onset of specific diseases, thus offering a window for intervention. Yet, despite technological advancements, challenges persist due to individual variability and the dynamic nature of these biomarkers. Addressing this requires longitudinal studies for robust biomarker identification. Overall, utilizing the hallmarks of aging to discover new drug targets and develop new biomarkers opens new frontiers in medicine. Prospects involve multi-omics integration, machine learning, and personalized approaches for targeted interventions, promising a healthier aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalishah Yusri
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Sheng Fong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Clinical and Translational Sciences PhD Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism and Amsterdam Neuroscience Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Chen F. Inhibiting Pink1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy enhances the anticancer effects of quercetin in hepatocellular carcinomaf. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 712-713:149899. [PMID: 38653003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been investigated for its potential anti-cancer effects in various types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its suppressing effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production might limited its anti-cancer effects. In this study, we aimed to explore the interplay among quercetin, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy and whether mitophagy-inhibition synergistically enhances the anti-tumor effects of quercetin. Huh7 and Hep3B cells were utilized for in vitro and in vivo studies. Results showed that quercetin treatment significantly increased the expression of mitochondrial fusion genes (MFN1 and MFN2) and decreased the expression of fission genes (DRP1 and FIS1) in Huh7 and Hep3B cells, leading to a more fused and elongated mitochondrial network. Quercetin upregulated the expression of key mitophagy regulators, PINK1 and PARK2, and enhanced the colocalization of mitochondria with lysosomes, indicating increased mitophagy. Knockdown of PINK1, PARK2, or SIRT1 attenuated quercetin-induced mitophagy and reduction of intracellular ROS levels. Quercetin treatment upregulates SIRT1 expression, which subsequently enhances PINK1 and PARK2 expression in Huh7 and Hep3B cells. In vivo experiments using Hep3B xenograft models revealed that the combination of quercetin with the mitophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine or SIRT1 knockdown significantly enhanced the anticancer effects of quercetin, as evidenced by reduced tumor size and weight, increased necrosis and apoptosis, and decreased proliferation in tumor tissues. These findings suggest that quercetin-induced mitochondrial fusion and Pink1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy may negatively influence its anti-cancer effects in HCC. Targeting mitophagy may enhance the therapeutic potential of quercetin in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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11
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Yang J, Wang K, Liu X, Qu W, Zhang L, Gu X. Salidroside Inhibits α-Amanitin-Induced AML-12 Cell Apoptosis via the Regulation of PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Function. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1053-1061. [PMID: 38847154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Poisoning caused by the mushroom Amanita phalloides, due to the toxin α-amanitin, accounts for approximately 90% of food poisoning deaths in China with no specific antidotes. To investigate the role of salidroside (Sal) in α-amanitin (α-AMA)-induced mitophagy, mouse liver cells AML-12 were exposed to α-AMA in the presence of Sal or not. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using a ROS detection kit, mitochondrial activity was evaluated using a mitochondrial red fluorescent probe kit or JC-1 dye, and protein expression levels of PINK1, Parkin, LC3 II, P62, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase 3, Cleaved-Caspase 3, PARP I, and Cleaved-PARP I were detected through Western blot. Results demonstrated that α-AMA led to increased intracellular ROS levels, cell apoptosis, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Notably, expression levels of mitophagy-related proteins PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 increased significantly while the P62 protein expression decreased remarkably. Furthermore, Sal reversed the α-AMA-induced decrease in cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in intracellular ROS level. In addition, Sal promoted expression levels of PINK1, Parkin, and LC3 II while suppressing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Cleaved-Caspase 3, and Cleaved-PARP I as well as P62. The results above proved that salidroside alleviates α-AMA-induced mouse liver cells damage via promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and reducing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No. 95, Panlong District, Kunming 650051, P. R. China
| | - Juyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No. 95, Panlong District, Kunming 650051, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No. 95, Panlong District, Kunming 650051, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No. 95, Panlong District, Kunming 650051, P. R. China
| | - Jieyan Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No. 95, Panlong District, Kunming 650051, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No. 95, Panlong District, Kunming 650051, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No. 95, Panlong District, Kunming 650051, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Qu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No. 95, Panlong District, Kunming 650051, P. R. China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No. 95, Panlong District, Kunming 650051, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Gu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No. 95, Panlong District, Kunming 650051, P. R. China
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12
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Chen J, Jian L, Guo Y, Tang C, Huang Z, Gao J. Liver Cell Mitophagy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:729. [PMID: 38929168 PMCID: PMC11200567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects approximately one-third of the global population. MASLD and its advanced-stage liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are the leading causes of liver failure and liver-related death worldwide. Mitochondria are crucial organelles in liver cells for energy generation and the oxidative metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction in liver cells has been shown to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of MASLD and liver fibrosis. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, removes and recycles impaired mitochondria. Although significant advances have been made in understanding mitophagy in liver diseases, adequate summaries concerning the contribution of liver cell mitophagy to MASLD and liver fibrosis are lacking. This review will clarify the mechanism of liver cell mitophagy in the development of MASLD and liver fibrosis, including in hepatocytes, macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. In addition, therapeutic strategies or compounds related to hepatic mitophagy are also summarized. In conclusion, mitophagy-related therapeutic strategies or compounds might be translational for the clinical treatment of MASLD and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linge Jian
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yangkun Guo
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyin Huang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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13
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Zou X, Wen S, Xu L, Gao L, Wang X, Hu X, Han J, Han S. Signal-sustained imaging of mitophagy with an Enzyme-Activatable Metabolic Lipid-Labeling Probe. Autophagy 2024. [PMID: 38873937 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2367192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Imaging of mitophagy is of significance as aberrant mitophagy is engaged in multiple diseases. Mitophagy has been imaged with synthetic or biotic pH sensors by reporting pH acidification en route delivery into lysosomes. To circumvent uncertainty of acidity-dependent signals, we herein report an enzyme-activatable probe covalently attached on mitochondrial inner membrane (ECAM) for signal-persist mitophagy imaging. ECAM is operated via ΔΨm-driven accumulation of Mito-proGreen in mitochondria and covalent linking of the trapped probe with azidophospholipids metabolically incorporated into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Upon mitophagy, ECAM is delivered into lysosomes and hydrolyzed by LNPEP/leucyl aminopeptidase, yielding turn-on green fluorescence that is immune to lysosomal acidity changes and stably retained in fixed cells. With ECAM, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) was identified as a highly potent inducer of mitophagy. Overcoming signal susceptibility of pH probes and liability of ΔΨm probes to dissipation from stressed mitochondria, ECAM offers an attractive tool to study mitophagy and mitophagy-inducing therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zou
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shixiong Wen
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lichun Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xunxiang Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Academician Workstation of Immune Cell Signal Transduction, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Yu C, Li X. Kidney Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6585. [PMID: 38928291 PMCID: PMC11204319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of aging inevitably leads to an increase in age-related comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). In many aspects, CKD can be considered a state of accelerated and premature aging. Aging kidney and CKD have numerous common characteristic features, ranging from pathological presentation and clinical manifestation to underlying mechanisms. The shared mechanisms underlying the process of kidney aging and the development of CKD include the increase in cellular senescence, the decrease in autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the alterations of epigenetic regulation, suggesting the existence of potential therapeutic targets that are applicable to both conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the common characteristics between aging kidney and CKD, encompassing morphological changes, functional alterations, and recent advancements in understanding the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting senescent cells in both the aging process and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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15
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Moreira-Pais A, Vitorino R, Sousa-Mendes C, Neuparth MJ, Nuccio A, Luparello C, Attanzio A, Novák P, Loginov D, Nogueira-Ferreira R, Leite-Moreira A, Oliveira PA, Ferreira R, Duarte JA. Mitochondrial remodeling underlying age-induced skeletal muscle wasting: let's talk about sex. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:68-81. [PMID: 38574975 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with reduced quality of life and premature mortality. The sex disparities in the processes underlying sarcopenia pathogenesis, which include mitochondrial dysfunction, are ill-understood and can be decisive for the optimization of sarcopenia-related interventions. To improve the knowledge regarding the sex differences in skeletal muscle aging, the gastrocnemius muscle of young and old female and male rats was analyzed with a focus on mitochondrial remodeling through the proteome profiling of mitochondria-enriched fractions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing sex differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteome remodeling. Data demonstrated that age induced skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis in both sexes. In females, however, this adverse skeletal muscle remodeling was more accentuated than in males and might be attributed to an age-related reduction of 17beta-estradiol signaling through its estrogen receptor alpha located in mitochondria. The females-specific mitochondrial remodeling encompassed increased abundance of proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation, decreased abundance of the complexes subunits, and enhanced proneness to oxidative posttranslational modifications. This conceivable accretion of damaged mitochondria in old females might be ascribed to low levels of Parkin, a key mediator of mitophagy. Despite skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis, males maintained their testosterone levels throughout aging, as well as their androgen receptor content, and the age-induced mitochondrial remodeling was limited to increased abundance of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta and electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta. Herein, for the first time, it was demonstrated that age affects more severely the skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteome of females, reinforcing the necessity of sex-personalized approaches towards sarcopenia management, and the inevitability of the assessment of mitochondrion-related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moreira-Pais
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP) and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Sousa-Mendes
- Cardiovascular R&D Center - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Neuparth
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP) and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Alessandro Nuccio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Petr Novák
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Dmitry Loginov
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - José A Duarte
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal.
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16
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Nag S, Mitra O, Maturi B, Kaur SP, Saini A, Nama M, Roy S, Samanta S, Chacko L, Dutta R, Sayana SB, Subramaniyan V, Bhatti JS, Kandimalla R. Autophagy and mitophagy as potential therapeutic targets in diabetic heart condition: Harnessing the power of nanotheranostics. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100927. [PMID: 38948399 PMCID: PMC11214300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and mitophagy pose unresolved challenges in understanding the pathology of diabetic heart condition (DHC), which encompasses a complex range of cardiovascular issues linked to diabetes and associated cardiomyopathies. Despite significant progress in reducing mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), heart failure remains a major cause of increased morbidity among diabetic patients. These cellular processes are essential for maintaining cellular balance and removing damaged or dysfunctional components, and their involvement in the development of diabetic heart disease makes them attractive targets for diagnosis and treatment. While a variety of conventional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are available, DHC continues to present a significant challenge. Point-of-care diagnostics, supported by nanobiosensing techniques, offer a promising alternative for these complex scenarios. Although conventional medications have been widely used in DHC patients, they raise several concerns regarding various physiological aspects. Modern medicine places great emphasis on the application of nanotechnology to target autophagy and mitophagy in DHC, offering a promising approach to deliver drugs beyond the limitations of traditional therapies. This article aims to explore the potential connections between autophagy, mitophagy and DHC, while also discussing the promise of nanotechnology-based theranostic interventions that specifically target these molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Nag
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Oishi Mitra
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Road, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhanu Maturi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Simran Preet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi (South Campus), Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Ankita Saini
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi (South Campus), Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Muskan Nama
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Road, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumik Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H), Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Souvik Samanta
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Road, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, 1601 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rohan Dutta
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Road, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Babu Sayana
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Suryapet, Telangana, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, India
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17
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Zhou Z, Wu Z, Zhang L, Dai Y, Shao G, Ren C, Huang P. Mitophagy in mammalian follicle development and health. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100889. [PMID: 38733657 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy, the cellular process that removes damaged mitochondria, plays a crucial role in maintaining normal cell functions. It is deeply involved in the entire process of follicle development and is associated with various ovarian diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of mitophagy regulation, emphasizing its role at different stages of follicular development. Additionally, the study illuminates the relationship between mitophagy and ovarian diseases, including ovary aging (OA), primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A detailed understanding of mitophagy could reveal valuable insights and novel strategies for managing female ovarian reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Liufang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yue Dai
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Genbao Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Caifang Ren
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Pan Huang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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Wang J, Zou J, Shi Y, Zeng N, Guo D, Wang H, Zhao C, Luan F, Zhang X, Sun J. Traditional Chinese medicine and mitophagy: A novel approach for cardiovascular disease management. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155472. [PMID: 38461630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing an enormous economic burden on individuals and human society. Laboratory studies have identified several drugs that target mitophagy for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Only a few of these drugs have been successful in clinical trials, and most studies have been limited to animal and cellular models. Furthermore, conventional drugs used to treat CVD, such as antiplatelet agents, statins, and diuretics, often result in adverse effects on patients' cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory systems. In contrast, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained significant attention for its unique theoretical basis and clinical efficacy in treating CVD. PURPOSE This paper systematically summarizes all the herbal compounds, extracts, and active monomers used to target mitophagy for the treatment of CVD in the last five years. It provides valuable information for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, pharmacologists, and clinicians developing herbal medicines with fewer side effects, as well as a useful reference for future mitophagy research. METHODS The search terms "cardiovascular disease," "mitophagy," "herbal preparations," "active monomers," and "cardiac disease pathogenesis" in combination with "natural products" and "diseases" were used to search for studies published in the past five years until January 2024. RESULTS Studies have shown that mitophagy plays a significant role in the progression and development of CVD, such as atherosclerosis (AS), heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia. Herbal compound preparations, crude extracts, and active monomers have shown potential as effective treatments for these conditions. These substances protect cardiomyocytes by inducing mitophagy, scavenging damaged mitochondria, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. They display notable efficacy in combating CVD. CONCLUSION TCM (including herbal compound preparations, extracts, and active monomers) can treat CVD through various pharmacological mechanisms and signaling pathways by inducing mitophagy. They represent a hotspot for future cardiovascular basic research and a promising candidate for the development of future cardiovascular drugs with fewer side effects and better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - He Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Ding R, Huang L, Yan K, Sun Z, Duan J. New insight into air pollution-related cardiovascular disease: an adverse outcome pathway framework of PM2.5-associated vascular calcification. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:699-707. [PMID: 38636937 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the air quality has been generally improved in recent years, ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a major contributor to air pollution, remains one of the major threats to public health. Vascular calcification is a systematic pathology associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Although the epidemiological evidence has uncovered the association between PM2.5 exposure and vascular calcification, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept offers a comprehensive interpretation of all of the findings obtained by toxicological and epidemiological studies. In this review, reactive oxygen species generation was identified as the molecular initiating event (MIE), which targeted subsequent key events (KEs) such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy, from the cellular to the tissue/organ level. These KEs eventually led to the adverse outcome, namely increased incidence of vascular calcification and atherosclerosis morbidity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first AOP framework devoted to PM2.5-associated vascular calcification, which benefits future investigations by identifying current limitations and latent biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Linyuan Huang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Kanglin Yan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, PR China
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Liu J, Huang Y, Qian T, Chen J, Ding Y, Lai Z, Zhong X, Lai M, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang H, Peng Y. Exploring the neuroprotective role of artesunate in mouse models of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: insights from molecular mechanisms and transmission electron microscopy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:269. [PMID: 38745240 PMCID: PMC11094908 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathway involving PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and PARKIN plays a crucial role in mitophagy, a process activated by artesunate (ART). We propose that patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis exhibit insufficient mitophagy, and ART enhances mitophagy via the PINK1/PARKIN pathway, thereby providing neuroprotection. METHODS Adult female mice aged 8-10 weeks were selected to create a passive transfer model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We conducted behavioral tests on these mice within a set timeframe. Techniques such as immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were employed to assess markers including PINK1, PARKIN, LC3B, p62, caspase3, and cleaved caspase3. The TUNEL assay was utilized to detect neuronal apoptosis, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine mitochondrial autophagosomes. Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured, treated, and then analyzed through immunofluorescence for mtDNA, mtROS, TMRM. RESULTS In comparison to the control group, mitophagy levels in the experimental group were not significantly altered, yet there was a notable increase in apoptotic neurons. Furthermore, markers indicative of mitochondrial leakage and damage were found to be elevated in the experimental group compared to the control group, but these markers showed improvement following ART treatment. ART was effective in activating the PINK1/PARKIN pathway, enhancing mitophagy, and diminishing neuronal apoptosis. Behavioral assessments revealed that ART ameliorated symptoms in mice with anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the passive transfer model (PTM). The knockdown of PINK1 led to a reduction in mitophagy levels, and subsequent ART intervention did not alleviate symptoms in the anti-NMDAR encephalitis PTM mice, indicating that ART's therapeutic efficacy is mediated through the activation of the PINK1/PARKIN pathway. CONCLUSIONS At the onset of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, mitochondrial damage is observed; however, this damage is mitigated by the activation of mitophagy via the PINK1/PARKIN pathway. This regulatory feedback mechanism facilitates the removal of damaged mitochondria, prevents neuronal apoptosis, and consequently safeguards neural tissue. ART activates the PINK1/PARKIN pathway to enhance mitophagy, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects and may achieve therapeutic goals in treating anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Tinglin Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuewen Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhaohui Lai
- Department of Neurology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xinghua Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingjun Lai
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Meng X, Song Q, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu J. Neurotoxic β-amyloid oligomers cause mitochondrial dysfunction-the trigger for PANoptosis in neurons. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1400544. [PMID: 38808033 PMCID: PMC11130508 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1400544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the incidence of elderly patients with dementia, represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD), will continue to increase. Previous studies have suggested that β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition is a key factor leading to AD. However, the clinical efficacy of treating AD with anti-Aβ protein antibodies is not satisfactory, suggesting that Aβ amyloidosis may be a pathological change rather than a key factor leading to AD. Identification of the causes of AD and development of corresponding prevention and treatment strategies is an important goal of current research. Following the discovery of soluble oligomeric forms of Aβ (AβO) in 1998, scientists began to focus on the neurotoxicity of AβOs. As an endogenous neurotoxin, the active growth of AβOs can lead to neuronal death, which is believed to occur before plaque formation, suggesting that AβOs are the key factors leading to AD. PANoptosis, a newly proposed concept of cell death that includes known modes of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is a form of cell death regulated by the PANoptosome complex. Neuronal survival depends on proper mitochondrial function. Under conditions of AβO interference, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs, releasing lethal contents as potential upstream effectors of the PANoptosome. Considering the critical role of neurons in cognitive function and the development of AD as well as the regulatory role of mitochondrial function in neuronal survival, investigation of the potential mechanisms leading to neuronal PANoptosis is crucial. This review describes the disruption of neuronal mitochondrial function by AβOs and elucidates how AβOs may activate neuronal PANoptosis by causing mitochondrial dysfunction during the development of AD, providing guidance for the development of targeted neuronal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Hu M, Ladowski JM, Xu H. The Role of Autophagy in Vascular Endothelial Cell Health and Physiology. Cells 2024; 13:825. [PMID: 38786047 PMCID: PMC11120581 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular recycling process which enables eukaryotes to maintain both cellular and overall homeostasis through the catabolic breakdown of intracellular components or the selective degradation of damaged organelles. In recent years, the importance of autophagy in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) has been increasingly recognized, and numerous studies have linked the dysregulation of autophagy to the development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy in ECs and our current understanding of the roles of autophagy in vascular biology and review the implications of dysregulated autophagy for vascular disease. Finally, we summarize the current state of the research on compounds to modulate autophagy in ECs and identify challenges for their translation into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M. Ladowski
- Transplant and Immunobiology Research, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - He Xu
- Transplant and Immunobiology Research, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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23
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Yang K, Li T, Geng Y, Zou X, Peng F, Gao W. The role of mitophagy in the development of chronic kidney disease. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17260. [PMID: 38680884 PMCID: PMC11056108 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant global health concern, with renal fibrosis emerging as a prevalent and ultimate manifestation of this condition. The absence of targeted therapies presents an ongoing and substantial challenge. Accumulating evidence suggests that the integrity and functionality of mitochondria within renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) often become compromised during CKD development, playing a pivotal role in the progression of renal fibrosis. Mitophagy, a specific form of autophagy, assumes responsibility for eliminating damaged mitochondria to uphold mitochondrial equilibrium. Dysregulated mitophagy not only correlates with disrupted mitochondrial dynamics but also contributes to the advancement of renal fibrosis in CKD. While numerous studies have examined mitochondrial metabolism, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, inflammation, and apoptosis in kidney diseases, the precise pathogenic mechanisms underlying mitophagy in CKD remain elusive. The exact mechanisms through which modulating mitophagy mitigates renal fibrosis, as well as its influence on CKD progression and prognosis, have not undergone systematic investigation. The role of mitophagy in AKI has been relatively clear, but the role of mitophagy in CKD is still rare. This article presents a comprehensive review of the current state of research on regulating mitophagy as a potential treatment for CKD. The objective is to provide fresh perspectives, viable strategies, and practical insights into CKD therapy, thereby contributing to the enhancement of human living conditions and patient well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yingpu Geng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyu Zou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fujun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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24
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Ichegiri A, Kodolikar K, Bagade V, Selukar M, Dey T. Mitochondria: A source of potential biomarkers for non-communicable diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:334-365. [PMID: 38797544 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, as an endosymbiont of eukaryotic cells, controls multiple cellular activities, including respiration, reactive oxygen species production, fatty acid synthesis, and death. Though the majority of functional mitochondrial proteins are translated through a nucleus-controlled process, very few of them (∼10%) are translated within mitochondria through their own machinery. Germline and somatic mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA significantly impact mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Such modifications disturbing mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, or mitophagy eventually resulted in cellular pathophysiology. In this chapter, we discussed the impact of mitochondria and its dysfunction on several non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular problems. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its outcome could be screened by currently available omics-based techniques, flow cytometry, and high-resolution imaging. Such characterization could be evaluated as potential biomarkers to assess the disease burden and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Ichegiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Kshitij Kodolikar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Vaibhavi Bagade
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Mrunal Selukar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Tuli Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
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25
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Nikouee A, Yap JQ, Rademacher DJ, Kim M, Zang QS. An Optimized Langendorff-free Method for Isolation and Characterization of Primary Adult Cardiomyocytes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4131724. [PMID: 38585995 PMCID: PMC10996804 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4131724/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Isolation of adult mouse cardiomyocytes is an essential technique for advancing our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathology, and for developing therapeutic strategies to improve cardiac health. Traditionally, cardiomyocytes are isolated from adult mouse hearts using the Langendorff perfusion method in which the heart is excised, cannulated, and retrogradely perfused through the aorta. While this method is highly effective for isolating cardiomyocytes, it requires specialized equipment and technical expertise. To address the challenges of the Langendorff perfusion method, researchers have developed a Langendorff-free technique for isolating cardiomyocytes. This Langendorff-free technique involves anterograde perfusion through the coronary vasculature by clamping the aorta and intraventricular injection. This method simplifies the experimental setup by eliminating the need for specialized equipment and cannulation of the heart. Here, we introduce an updated Langendorff-free method for isolating adult mice cardiomyocytes that builds on the Langendorff-free protocols developed previously. In this method, the aorta is clamped in situ, and the heart is perfused using a peristaltic pump, water bath, and an injection needle. This simplicity makes cardiomyocyte isolation more accessible for researchers who are new to cardiomyocyte isolation or are working with limited resources. In this report, we provide a step-by-step description of our optimized protocol. In addition, we present example studies of analyzing mitochondrial structural and functional characteristics in isolated cardiomyocytes treated with and without the acute inflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
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Zhu Q, Combs ME, Bowles DE, Gross RT, Mendiola Pla M, Mack CP, Taylor JM. GRAF1 Acts as a Downstream Mediator of Parkin to Regulate Mitophagy in Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2024; 13:448. [PMID: 38474413 PMCID: PMC10930636 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes rely on proper mitochondrial homeostasis to maintain contractility and achieve optimal cardiac performance. Mitochondrial homeostasis is controlled by mitochondrial fission, fusion, and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitophagy plays a particularly important role in promoting the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria in terminally differentiated cells. However, the precise mechanisms by which this is achieved in cardiomyocytes remain opaque. Our study identifies GRAF1 as an important mediator in PINK1-Parkin pathway-dependent mitophagy. Depletion of GRAF1 (Arhgap26) in cardiomyocytes results in actin remodeling defects, suboptimal mitochondria clustering, and clearance. Mechanistically, GRAF1 promotes Parkin-LC3 complex formation and directs autophagosomes to damaged mitochondria. Herein, we found that these functions are regulated, at least in part, by the direct binding of GRAF1 to phosphoinositides (PI(3)P, PI(4)P, and PI(5)P) on autophagosomes. In addition, PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of Parkin promotes Parkin-GRAF1-LC3 complex formation, and PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of GRAF1 (on S668 and S671) facilitates the clustering and clearance of mitochondria. Herein, we developed new phosphor-specific antibodies to these sites and showed that these post-translational modifications are differentially modified in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, our metabolic studies using serum collected from isoproterenol-treated WT and GRAF1CKO mice revealed defects in mitophagy-dependent cardiomyocyte fuel flexibility that have widespread impacts on systemic metabolism. In summary, our study reveals that GRAF1 co-regulates actin and membrane dynamics to promote cardiomyocyte mitophagy and that dysregulation of GRAF1 post-translational modifications may underlie cardiac disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Matthew E. Combs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (D.E.B.); (R.T.G.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Ryan T. Gross
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (D.E.B.); (R.T.G.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Michelle Mendiola Pla
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (D.E.B.); (R.T.G.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Christopher P. Mack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joan M. Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.Z.); (M.E.C.); (C.P.M.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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27
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Gao Y, Zhang L, Zhang F, Liu R, Liu L, Li X, Zhu X, Liang Y. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active substances reduce vascular injury in diabetes via regulating autophagic activity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355246. [PMID: 38505420 PMCID: PMC10949535 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its high prevalence, poor prognosis, and heavy burden on healthcare costs, diabetic vascular complications have become a significant public health issue. Currently, the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetes-induced vascular complications remain incompletely understood. Autophagy, a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, maintains intracellular homeostasis and energy balance via removing protein aggregates, damaged organelles, and exogenous pathogens. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated autophagy may contribute to vascular abnormalities in various types of blood vessels, including both microvessels and large vessels, under diabetic conditions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possesses the characteristics of "multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways," and its safety has been demonstrated, particularly with minimal toxicity in liver and kidney. Thus, TCM has gained increasing attention from researchers. Moreover, recent studies have indicated that Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds can improve vascular damage in diabetes by regulating autophagy. Based on this background, this review summarizes the classification, occurrence process, and related molecular mechanisms of autophagy, with a focus on discussing the role of autophagy in diabetic vascular damage and the protective effects of TCM and its active compounds through the regulation of autophagy in diabetes. Moreover, we systematically elucidate the autophagic mechanisms by which TCM formulations, individual herbal extracts, and active compounds regulate diabetic vascular damage, thereby providing new candidate drugs for clinical treatment of vascular complications in diabetes. Therefore, further exploration of TCM and its active compounds with autophagy-regulating effects holds significant research value for achieving targeted therapeutic approaches for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankui Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yonglin Liang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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28
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Jeong DJ, Um JH, Kim YY, Shin DJ, Im S, Lee KM, Lee YH, Lim DS, Kim D, Yun J. The Mst1/2-BNIP3 axis is required for mitophagy induction and neuronal viability under mitochondrial stress. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:674-685. [PMID: 38443598 PMCID: PMC10984967 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy induction upon mitochondrial stress is critical for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular function. Here, we found that Mst1/2 (Stk3/4), key regulators of the Hippo pathway, are required for the induction of mitophagy under various mitochondrial stress conditions. Knockdown of Mst1/2 or pharmacological inhibition by XMU-MP-1 treatment led to impaired mitophagy induction upon CCCP and DFP treatment. Mechanistically, Mst1/2 induces mitophagy independently of the PINK1-Parkin pathway and the canonical Hippo pathway. Moreover, our results suggest the essential involvement of BNIP3 in Mst1/2-mediated mitophagy induction upon mitochondrial stress. Notably, Mst1/2 knockdown diminishes mitophagy induction, exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduces cellular survival upon neurotoxic stress in both SH-SY5Y cells and Drosophila models. Conversely, Mst1 and Mst2 expression enhances mitophagy induction and cell survival. In addition, AAV-mediated Mst1 expression reduced the loss of TH-positive neurons, ameliorated behavioral deficits, and improved mitochondrial function in an MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. Our findings reveal the Mst1/2-BNIP3 regulatory axis as a novel mediator of mitophagy induction under conditions of mitochondrial stress and suggest that Mst1/2 play a pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial function and neuronal viability in response to neurotoxic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Jin Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Im
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Cell Plasticity, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Y, Ma Z. Leukemia and mitophagy: a novel perspective for understanding oncogenesis and resistance. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05635-w. [PMID: 38282059 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy, the selective autophagic process that specifically degrades mitochondria, serves as a vital regulatory mechanism for eliminating damaged mitochondria and maintaining cellular balance. Emerging research underscores the central role of mitophagy in the initiation, advancement, and treatment of cancer. Mitophagy is widely acknowledged to govern mitochondrial homeostasis in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), influencing their metabolic dynamics. In this article, we integrate recent data to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing mitophagy and its intricate significance in the context of leukemia. An in-depth molecular elucidation of the processes governing mitophagy may serve as a basis for the development of pioneering approaches in targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhigui Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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30
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Qu S, Lin H, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Mitochondria-Associated Autoantibodies: A Review of the Specific Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1624. [PMID: 38338904 PMCID: PMC10855900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a severe retinal disease that causes irreversible visual loss and blindness in elderly populations worldwide. The pathological mechanism of AMD is complex, involving the interactions of multiple environmental and genetic factors. A poor understanding of the disease leads to limited treatment options and few effective prevention methods. The discovery of autoantibodies in AMD patients provides an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis and treatment direction of the disease. This review focuses on the mitochondria-associated autoantibodies and summarizes the functional roles of mitochondria under physiological conditions and their alterations during the pathological states. Additionally, it discusses the crosstalk between mitochondria and other organelles, as well as the mitochondria-related therapeutic strategies in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.Q.); (H.L.)
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31
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Chen L, Yang J, Cai Z, Huang Y, Xiao P, Chen H, Luo X, Huang W, Cui W, Hu N. Mitochondrial-Oriented Injectable Hydrogel Microspheres Maintain Homeostasis of Chondrocyte Metabolism to Promote Subcellular Therapy in Osteoarthritis. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0306. [PMID: 38274127 PMCID: PMC10809599 DOI: 10.34133/research.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Subcellular mitochondria serve as sensors for energy metabolism and redox balance, and the dynamic regulation of functional and dysfunctional mitochondria plays a crucial role in determining cells' fate. Selective removal of dysfunctional mitochondria at the subcellular level can provide chondrocytes with energy to prevent degeneration, thereby treating osteoarthritis. Herein, to achieve an ideal subcellular therapy, cartilage affinity peptide (WYRGRL)-decorated liposomes loaded with mitophagy activator (urolithin A) were integrated into hyaluronic acid methacrylate hydrogel microspheres through microfluidic technology, named HM@WY-Lip/UA, that could efficiently target chondrocytes and selectively remove subcellular dysfunctional mitochondria. As a result, this system demonstrated an advantage in mitochondria function restoration, reactive oxygen species scavenging, cell survival rescue, and chondrocyte homeostasis maintenance through increasing mitophagy. In a rat post-traumatic osteoarthritis model, the intra-articular injection of HM@WY-Lip/UA ameliorated cartilage matrix degradation, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone sclerosis at 8 weeks. Overall, this study indicated that HM@WY-Lip/UA provided a protective effect on cartilage degeneration in an efficacious and clinically relevant manner, and a mitochondrial-oriented strategy has great potential in the subcellular therapy of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,
Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,
Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases,
Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases,
Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yanran Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,
Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases,
Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Pengcheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,
Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases,
Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,
Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,
Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,
Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases,
Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,
Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Mirra S, Marfany G. From Beach to the Bedside: Harnessing Mitochondrial Function in Human Diseases Using New Marine-Derived Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:834. [PMID: 38255908 PMCID: PMC10815353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles within eukaryotic cells that act as cellular power houses owing to their ability to efficiently generate the ATP required to sustain normal cell function. Also, they represent a "hub" for the regulation of a plethora of processes, including cellular homeostasis, metabolism, the defense against oxidative stress, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are associated with a wide range of human diseases with complex pathologies, including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Therefore, regulating dysfunctional mitochondria represents a pivotal therapeutic opportunity in biomedicine. Marine ecosystems are biologically very diversified and harbor a broad range of organisms, providing both novel bioactive substances and molecules with meaningful biomedical and pharmacological applications. Recently, many mitochondria-targeting marine-derived molecules have been described to regulate mitochondrial biology, thus exerting therapeutic effects by inhibiting mitochondrial abnormalities, both in vitro and in vivo, through different mechanisms of action. Here, we review different strategies that are derived from marine organisms which modulate specific mitochondrial processes or mitochondrial molecular pathways and ultimately aim to find key molecules to treat a wide range of human diseases characterized by impaired mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mirra
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Departament of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB, IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Chen M, Wang W, Fu X, Yi Y, Wang K, Wang M. Role of Pink1-mediated mitophagy in adenomyosis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16497. [PMID: 38050606 PMCID: PMC10693823 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background Recent studies indicate that endometrial hypoxia plays a critical role in adenomyosis (AM) development. Mitochondria are extremely sensitive to hypoxic damage, which can result in both morphological and functional impairment. Mitophagy is a crucial mechanism for preserving mitochondrial quality by selectively removing damaged mitochondria, thus ensuring the proper functioning of the entire mitochondrial network. In response to hypoxia, PINK1 is activated as a regulator of mitophagy, but its role in AM requires further study. Objective To explore the potential mechanism of mitophagy mediated by PINK1 in the pathogenesis of AM. Method The study compared PINK1, Parkin, OPTIN, P62, and NDP52 protein expression levels in patients with or without AM using clinical specimens and an AM mouse model. Pathological changes were compared using HE staining. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect protein expression levels. Endometrial stromal cells (ESC) were isolated and examined for mitophagy, protein expression level, and cell invasion ability. Results Both the endometrial tissue from patients with AM and AM ESC displayed an upregulation of protein levels for PINK1, Parkin, OPTIN, P62, and NDP52 when compared with the control group. Then, HE staining confirmed the successful establishment of the AM mouse model. Moreover, the ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy revealed that AM mice's endometrial glandular epithelial and stromal cells had exhibited swollen, deformed, and reduced mitochondria along with an increase in the number of lysosomes and mitochondrial autophagosomes. The protein levels of PINK1, Parkin, OPTIN, P62, and NDP52 in uterine tissue from AM mice were noticeably increased, accompanied by a considerable upregulation of ROS levels compared to the control group. In addition, cells in the AM group showed remarkably elevated mitophagy and invasion potentials compared to the control group. In contrast, the cell invasion ability decreased following PINK1 knockdown using the RNA interference technique. Conclusion The high levels of PINK1-mediated mitophagy have been found in AM. The upregulation in mitophagy contributes to mitochondrial damage, which may result in the abnormal invasion characteristic of AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China
| | - Xianyun Fu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yongli Yi
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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34
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Lee DY, Lee KM, Um JH, Kim YY, Kim DH, Yun J. The Natural Alkaloid Palmatine Selectively Induces Mitophagy and Restores Mitochondrial Function in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16542. [PMID: 38003731 PMCID: PMC10671668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmatine, a natural alkaloid found in various plants, has been reported to have diverse pharmacological and biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular effects. However, the role of palmatine in mitophagy, a fundamental process crucial for maintaining mitochondrial function, remains elusive. In this study, we found that palmatine efficiently induces mitophagy in various human cell lines. Palmatine specifically induces mitophagy and subsequently stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis. Palmatine did not interfere with mitochondrial function, similar to CCCP, suggesting that palmatine is not toxic to mitochondria. Importantly, palmatine treatment alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in PINK1-knockout MEFs. Moreover, the administration of palmatine resulted in significant improvements in cognitive function and restored mitochondrial function in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. This study identifies palmatine as a novel inducer of selective mitophagy. Our results suggest that palmatine-mediated mitophagy induction could be a potential strategy for Alzheimer's disease treatment and that natural alkaloids are potential sources of mitophagy inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea (K.-M.L.); (J.-H.U.); (Y.-Y.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea (K.-M.L.); (J.-H.U.); (Y.-Y.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea (K.-M.L.); (J.-H.U.); (Y.-Y.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea (K.-M.L.); (J.-H.U.); (Y.-Y.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea (K.-M.L.); (J.-H.U.); (Y.-Y.K.)
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
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35
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Zhang XW, Zhu XX, Tang DS, Lu JH. Targeting autophagy in Alzheimer's disease: Animal models and mechanisms. Zool Res 2023; 44:1132-1145. [PMID: 37963840 PMCID: PMC10802106 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive impairment and memory loss. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD through the regulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau metabolism, and that autophagy dysfunction exacerbates amyloidosis and tau pathology. Therefore, targeting autophagy may be an effective approach for the treatment of AD. Animal models are considered useful tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of diseases. This review aims to summarize the pathological alterations in autophagy in representative AD animal models and to present recent studies on newly discovered autophagy-stimulating interventions in animal AD models. Finally, the opportunities, difficulties, and future directions of autophagy targeting in AD therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 99078, China
| | - Xiang-Xing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Gene Editing Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Gene Editing Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China. E-mail:
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao 99078, China. E-mail:
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Miyoshi K, Hishinuma E, Matsukawa N, Shirasago Y, Watanabe M, Sato T, Sato Y, Kumondai M, Kikuchi M, Koshiba S, Fukasawa M, Maekawa M, Mano N. Global Proteomics for Identifying the Alteration Pathway of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Using Hepatic Cell Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15642. [PMID: 37958627 PMCID: PMC10648601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder with progressive neurodegeneration. Although the causative genes were previously identified, NPC has unclear pathophysiological aspects, and patients with NPC present various symptoms and onset ages. However, various novel biomarkers and metabolic alterations have been investigated; at present, few comprehensive proteomic alterations have been reported in relation to NPC. In this study, we aimed to elucidate proteomic alterations in NPC and perform a global proteomics analysis for NPC model cells. First, we developed two NPC cell models by knocking out NPC1 using CRISPR/Cas9 (KO1 and KO2). Second, we performed a label-free (LF) global proteomics analysis. Using the LF approach, more than 300 proteins, defined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), changed in the KO1 and/or KO2 cells, while the two models shared 35 DEPs. As a bioinformatics analysis, the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and an enrichment analysis showed that common characteristic pathways such as ferroptosis and mitophagy were identified in the two model cells. There are few reports of the involvement of NPC in ferroptosis, and this study presents ferroptosis as an altered pathway in NPC. On the other hand, many other pathways and DEPs were previously suggested to be associated with NPC, supporting the link between the proteome analyzed here and NPC. Therapeutic research based on these results is expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Miyoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan; (E.H.)
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsukawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasago
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masaki Kumondai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan; (E.H.)
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fukasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan; (E.H.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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