1
|
Su C, Xie T, Jiang L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Nie R, Zhao Y, He B, Ma J, Yang Q, Hao J. Host genetics and larval host plant modulate microbiome structure and evolution underlying the intimate insect-microbe-plant interactions in Parnassius species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11218. [PMID: 38606343 PMCID: PMC11007261 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects harbor a remarkable diversity of gut microbiomes critical for host survival, health, and fitness, but the mechanism of this structured symbiotic community remains poorly known, especially for the insect group consisting of many closely related species that inhabit the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Here, we firstly analyzed population-level 16S rRNA microbial dataset, comprising 11 Parnassius species covering 5 subgenera, from 14 populations mostly sampled in mountainous regions across northwestern-to-southeastern China, and meanwhile clarified the relative importance of multiple factors on gut microbial community structure and evolution. Our findings indicated that both host genetics and larval host plant modulated gut microbial diversity and community structure. Moreover, the effect analysis of host genetics and larval diet on gut microbiomes showed that host genetics played a critical role in governing the gut microbial beta diversity and the symbiotic community structure, while larval host plant remarkably influenced the functional evolution of gut microbiomes. These findings of the intimate insect-microbe-plant interactions jointly provide some new insights into the correlation among the host genetic background, larval host plant, the structure and evolution of gut microbiome, as well as the mechanisms of high-altitude adaptation in closely related species of this alpine butterfly group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Su
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Lijun Jiang
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Yunliang Wang
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
- College of Physical EducationAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
- College of Physical EducationAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Ruie Nie
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Youjie Zhao
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Bo He
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Junye Ma
- Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Petroleum Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and PaleontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Qun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Petroleum Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and PaleontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
- Nanjing CollegeUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Jiasheng Hao
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu X, Li J, He A, Gurr GM, You M, You S. Developmental Shifts in the Microbiome of a Cosmopolitan Pest: Unraveling the Role of Wolbachia and Dominant Bacteria. INSECTS 2024; 15:132. [PMID: 38392551 PMCID: PMC10888865 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Wolbachia bacteria (phylum Proteobacteria) are ubiquitous intracellular parasites of diverse invertebrates. In insects, coevolution has forged mutualistic associations with Wolbachia species, influencing reproduction, immunity, development, pathogen resistance, and overall fitness. However, the impact of Wolbachia on other microbial associates within the insect microbiome, which are crucial for host fitness, remains less explored. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide, harbors the dominant Wolbachia strain plutWB1, known to distort its sex ratio. This study investigated the bacterial community diversity and dynamics across different developmental life stages and Wolbachia infection states in P. xylostella using high-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated the P. xylostella microbiome regardless of life stage or Wolbachia infection. However, the relative abundance of dominant genera, including an unclassified genus of Enterobacteriaceae, Wolbachia, Carnobacterium, and Delftia tsuruhatensis, displayed significant stage-specific variations. While significant differences in bacterial diversity and composition were observed across life stages, Wolbachia infection had no substantial impact on overall diversity. Nonetheless, relative abundances of specific genera differed between infection states. Notably, Wolbachia exhibited a stable, high relative abundance across all stages and negatively correlated with an unclassified genus of Enterobacteriaceae, Delftia tsuruhatensis, and Carnobacterium. Our findings provide a foundational understanding of the complex interplay between the host, Wolbachia, and the associated microbiome in P. xylostella, paving the way for a deeper understanding of their complex interactions and potential implications for pest control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ao He
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shijun You
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao Y, Mason CJ, Felton GW. Toward an Integrated Understanding of the Lepidoptera Microbiome. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:117-137. [PMID: 37585608 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020723-102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Research over the past 30 years has led to a widespread acceptance that insects establish widespread and diverse associations with microorganisms. More recently, microbiome research has been accelerating in lepidopteran systems, leading to a greater understanding of both endosymbiont and gut microorganisms and how they contribute to integral aspects of the host. Lepidoptera are associated with a robust assemblage of microorganisms, some of which may be stable and routinely detected in larval and adult hosts, while others are ephemeral and transient. Certain microorganisms that populate Lepidoptera can contribute significantly to the hosts' performance and fitness, while others are inconsequential. We emphasize the context-dependent nature of the interactions between players. While our review discusses the contemporary literature, there are major avenues yet to be explored to determine both the fundamental aspects of host-microbe interactions and potential applications for the lepidopteran microbiome; we describe these avenues after our synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Shao
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Charles J Mason
- Tropical Pest Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Hilo, Hawaii, USA;
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
ElKraly OA, Awad M, El-Saadany HM, Hassanein SE, Elrahman TA, Elnagdy SM. Impact of gut microbiota composition on black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel) metabolic indices and pesticide degradation. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:44. [PMID: 37715236 PMCID: PMC10504801 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosymbionts are known to have significant effects on their insect hosts, including nutrition, reproduction, and immunity. Insects gut microbiota is a critical component that affects their physiological and behavioral characteristics. The black cutworm (BCW), Agrotis ipsilon, is an economically important lepidopteran pest that has a diverse gut microbiome composed of nine species belonging to three phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of gut bacteria isolated from BCW larvae and moths and their effects on metabolism and pesticide degradation. The bacterial isolates were identified using the 16 S rRNA gene. The study showed that the gut microbiome composition significantly affected the metabolism of BCW larvae. Based on the screening results of synthesis of digestive enzymes and pesticide degradation, Brachybacterium conglomeratum and Glutamicibacter sp were selected to perform the remaining experiments as single isolates and consortium. The consortium-fed larvae showed high metabolic indices compared to antibiotic-fed larvae and the control. The gut bacteria were also shown to degrade three pesticide groups. Concerns regarding the health risk of chlorpyrifos have been raised due to its extensive use in agriculture. The isolated B. conglomeratum was more effective in chlorpyrifos degradation than the consortium. Furthermore, the study also examined the presence of sex related endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, and Rickettsia) in the reproductive tissues of adults. The outcomes demonstrated that none of the examined endosymbionts existed. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of the gut microbiome in insect physiology and behavior and its potential applications in biotechnology. It provides insights into developing eco-friendly pest control and bioremediation strategies using gut bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Abdullah ElKraly
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Giza, Egypt
- Bio-insecticides Production Unit, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Awad
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Saadany
- Bio-insecticides Production Unit, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sameh E Hassanein
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
| | - Tahany Abd Elrahman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Elnagdy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gohl P, LeMoine C, Cassone B. Diet and ontogeny drastically alter the larval microbiome of the invertebrate model Galleria mellonella. Can J Microbiol 2022; 68:594-604. [PMID: 35863073 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) are an emerging animal model to study the innate immune response and biodegradation of plastic polymers. Both of these complex biological processes are likely impacted by the plasticity of host-microbe interactions, which remains understudied in lepidopterans. Consequently we carried out 16S rRNA sequencing to explore the effect diet (natural, artificial) has on the bacterial assemblages of G. mellonella in different tissues (gut, fat bodies, silk glands) throughout development (eggs, six instar stages, adults). The microbiome was rich in diversity, with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes being the most represented phyla. Contrary to other lepidopterans, G. mellonella appears to possess a resident microbiome dominated by Ralstonia. As larvae progress through development, the bacterial assemblages become increasingly shaped by the caterpillar's diet. In particular, a number of bacteria genera widely associated with the G. mellonella microbiome (e.g., Enterococcus and Enterbacter) were significantly enriched on an artificial diet. Overall these results indicate that the G. mellonella microbiome is not as simplistic and homogenous as previously described. Rather, its bacterial communities are drastically affected by both diet and ontogeny, which should be taken into consideration in future studies planning to use G. mellonella as model species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gohl
- Brandon University Faculty of Science, 414985, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Christophe LeMoine
- Brandon University Faculty of Science, 414985, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Bryan Cassone
- Brandon University, 1916, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu D, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Ding J, Gillings MR, Zhu YG. Trophic level drives the host microbiome of soil invertebrates at a continental scale. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:189. [PMID: 34544484 PMCID: PMC8454154 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing our knowledge of soil biodiversity is fundamental to forecast changes in ecosystem functions under global change scenarios. All multicellular organisms are now known to be holobionts, containing large assemblages of microbial species. Soil fauna is now known to have thousands of species living within them. However, we know very little about the identity and function of host microbiome in contrasting soil faunal groups, across different terrestrial biomes, or at a large spatial scale. Here, we examined the microbiomes of multiple functionally important soil fauna in contrasting terrestrial ecosystems across China. RESULTS Different soil fauna had diverse and unique microbiomes, which were also distinct from those in surrounding soils. These unique microbiomes were maintained within taxa across diverse sampling sites and in contrasting terrestrial ecosystems. The microbiomes of nematodes, potworms, and earthworms were more difficult to predict using environmental data, compared to those of collembolans, oribatid mites, and predatory mites. Although stochastic processes were important, deterministic processes, such as host selection, also contributed to the assembly of unique microbiota in each taxon of soil fauna. Microbial biodiversity, unique microbial taxa, and microbial dark matter (defined as unidentified microbial taxa) all increased with trophic levels within the soil food web. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that soil animals are important as repositories of microbial biodiversity, and those at the top of the food web harbor more diverse and unique microbiomes. This hidden source of biodiversity is rarely considered in biodiversity and conservation debates and stresses the importance of preserving key soil invertebrates. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Michael R Gillings
- Department of Biological Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang N, He J, Shen X, Sun C, Muhammad A, Shao Y. Contribution of sample processing to gut microbiome analysis in the model Lepidoptera, silkworm Bombyx mori. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4658-4668. [PMID: 34504661 PMCID: PMC8390955 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes that live inside insects play various roles in host biology, ranging from nutrient supplementation to host defense. Although Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are one of the most diverse insect taxa and important in natural ecosystems, their microbiotas are little-studied, and to understand their structure and function, it is necessary to identify potential factors that affect microbiome analysis. Using a model organism, the silkworm Bombyx mori, we investigated the effects of different sample types (whole gut, gut content, gut tissue, starvation, or frass) and metagenomic DNA extraction methodologies (small-scale versus large-scale) on the composition and diversity of the caterpillar gut microbial communities. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and computational analysis of the resulting data unraveled that DNA extraction has a large effect on the outcome of metagenomic analysis: significant biases were observed in estimates of community diversity and in the ratio between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, bacterial communities differed significantly among sample types. The gut content and whole gut samples differed least, both had a higher percentage of Enterococcus and Acinetobacter species; whereas the frass and starvation samples differed substantially from the whole gut and were poor representatives of the gut microbiome. Thus, we recommend a small-scale DNA extraction methodology for sampling the whole gut under normal insect rearing conditions whenever possible, as this approach provides the most accurate assessment of the gut microbiome. Our study highlights that evaluation of the optimal sample-processing approach should be the first step taken to confidently assess the contributions of microbiota to Lepidoptera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintao He
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Shen
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abrar Muhammad
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nesvorna M, Pekar S, Shcherbachenko E, Molva V, Erban T, Green SJ, Klimov PB, Hubert J. Microbiome variation during culture growth of the European house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6155062. [PMID: 33674831 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In culture, the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, shows different growth patterns, but the composition and changes in the associated microbial community during mite culture growth are poorly known. In this study, we analyzed temporal changes in microbial communities including 'internal' communities (inside mites, ingested) and 'environmental' communities (from culture environment). Microbial community structure was correlated with guanine content (a nitrogenous waste product of mites) and mite population density. Both internal and environmental microbial communities were remarkably consistent between biological replicates from the same culture age group and were composed of relatively few dominant taxa-11 bacterial and 3 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Significant changes over time in microbial community structure in the bulk culture environment and in internal mite samples were observed. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a main component of the mite diet, gradually disappeared during mite culture growth and was replaced by fungi from the genera Aspergillus and Candida in both 'internal' and 'environmental' samples. In environmental samples, bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus and S. cerevisiae were negatively correlated, and Aspergillus and Candida positively correlated, with guanine content. The relative abundance of bacteria from the genus Kocuria increased with mite density but declined with increasing guanine content. The relative abundance of bacteria from the genus Virgibacillus was negatively correlated with mite density in 'internal' samples. Gram-positive bacteria dominated bacterial microbiomes at all time points in our experiments, indicating a more limited possibility for vaccine contamination by bacterial endotoxins (heat-stable lipopolysaccharides produced mostly by Gram-negative bacteria) in our experimental cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nesvorna
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-16106 Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia
| | - Stano Pekar
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Vit Molva
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-16106 Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia
| | - Tomas Erban
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-16106 Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia
| | - Stefan J Green
- Rush University, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush Medical College, 600 S. Paulina St. Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Pavel B Klimov
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Institute of Biology, University of Tyumen, Pirogova 3, 625043 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Jan Hubert
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-16106 Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia.,Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martínez-Solís M, Collado MC, Herrero S. Influence of Diet, Sex, and Viral Infections on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Spodoptera exigua Caterpillars. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:753. [PMID: 32435237 PMCID: PMC7218101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays essential roles in processes related with metabolism, physiology, and immunity in all organisms, including insects. In the present work, we performed a broad analysis of the Spodoptera exigua gut microbiota, a major agricultural pest. We analyzed the influence of multiple parameters such as diet, geographic location, sex, or viral infections on S. exigua caterpillar gut microbiota composition. Our study revealed a high variability in bacterial composition among individuals, and a major influence of environmental bacteria (including those acquired through diet) on the gut microbiota composition, supporting previous studies that claim resident microbiota are lacking in caterpillars. Previous studies with laboratory-reared insects showed that changes in caterpillar gut bacterial composition affect the insecticidal properties of entomopathogenic viruses and bacteria. Our study revealed different microbiota composition in field insects carrying a natural viral infection with Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) and/or Spodoptera exigua iflavirus 1 (SeIV1). Few taxa can be specifically associated with the infection, suggesting microbiota influence the infective process of these natural pathogens, and providing new strategies for insect pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez-Solís
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Departamento de Genética, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Departamento de Genética, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen B, Xie S, Zhang X, Zhang N, Feng H, Sun C, Lu X, Shao Y. Gut microbiota metabolic potential correlates with body size between mulberry-feeding lepidopteran pest species. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1313-1323. [PMID: 31603616 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many insect pests rely on microbial symbionts to obtain nutrients or for defence, thereby allowing them to exploit novel food sources and degrade environmental xenobiotics, including pesticides. Although Lepidoptera is one of the most diverse insect taxa and includes important agricultural pests, lepidopteran microbiotas, particularly functional traits, have not been studied widely. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterization of the gut microbiota across multiple mulberry-feeding lepidopteran species, resolving both community structure and metabolic potential. RESULTS Our results indicate abundant bacteria inside the gut of larval Lepidoptera. However, even though they were fed the same diet, the structures of the bacterial communities differed in four major mulberry pest species, suggesting host-specific effects on microbial associations. Community-level metabolic reconstructions further showed that although taxonomic composition varied greatly, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and membrane transporter were key functional capabilities of the gut bacteria in all samples, which may play basic roles in the larval gut. In addition, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of gut bacterial-predicted gene ontologies revealed specialized features of the microbiota associated with these mulberry pests, which were divided into two distinct clusters (macrolepidopterans and microlepidopterans). This pattern became even more prominent when further Lepidoptera species were involved. CONCLUSIONS A suite of gut microbiota metabolic functions significantly correlated with larval size; the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were specifically enriched in large species, while small larvae had enhanced nucleotide metabolism. Our report paves the way for uncovering the correlation between host phenotype and microbial symbiosis in this notorious insect pest group. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bosheng Chen
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sen Xie
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiancui Zhang
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Feng
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Minard G, Tikhonov G, Ovaskainen O, Saastamoinen M. The microbiome of the Melitaea cinxia butterfly shows marked variation but is only little explained by the traits of the butterfly or its host plant. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4253-4269. [PMID: 31436012 PMCID: PMC6900084 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the ecological factors that shape intraspecific variation of insect microbiota in natural populations is relatively poor. In Lepidopteran caterpillars, microbiota is assumed to be mainly composed of transient bacterial symbionts acquired from the host plant. We sampled Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) caterpillars from natural populations to describe their gut microbiome and to identify potential ecological factors that determine its structure. Our results demonstrate high variability of microbiota composition even among caterpillars that shared the same host plant individual and most likely the same genetic background. We observed that the caterpillars harboured microbial classes that varied among individuals and alternated between two distinct communities (one composed of mainly Enterobacteriaceae and another with more variable microbiota community). Even though the general structure of the microbiota was not attributed to the measured ecological factors, we found that phylogenetically similar microbiota showed corresponding responses to the sex and the parasitoid infection of the caterpillar and to those of the host plant's microbial and chemical composition. Our results indicate high among-individual variability in the microbiota of the M. cinxia caterpillar and contradict previous findings that the host plant is the major driver of the microbiota communities of insect herbivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Minard
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Université de LyonLyonFrance
- Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRA 1418, VetAgro Sup, Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Gleb Tikhonov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyN‐7491TrondheimNorway
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Burkepile DE, Thurber RV. The Long Arm of Species Loss: How Will Defaunation Disrupt Ecosystems Down to the Microbial Scale? Bioscience 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deron E Burkepile
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, and with the Marine Science Institute, both at the University of California, in Santa Barbara
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Szenteczki MA, Pitteloud C, Casacci LP, Kešnerová L, Whitaker MR, Engel P, Vila R, Alvarez N. Bacterial communities within Phengaris (Maculinea) alcon caterpillars are shifted following transition from solitary living to social parasitism of Myrmica ant colonies. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4452-4464. [PMID: 31031919 PMCID: PMC6476763 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts are known to facilitate a wide range of physiological processes and ecological interactions for their hosts. In spite of this, caterpillars with highly diverse life histories appear to lack resident microbiota. Gut physiology, endogenous digestive enzymes, and limited social interactions may contribute to this pattern, but the consequences of shifts in social activity and diet on caterpillar microbiota are largely unknown. Phengaris alcon caterpillars undergo particularly dramatic social and dietary shifts when they parasitize Myrmica ant colonies, rapidly transitioning from solitary herbivory to ant tending (i.e., receiving protein-rich regurgitations through trophallaxis). This unique life history provides a model for studying interactions between social living, diet, and caterpillar microbiota. Here, we characterized and compared bacterial communities within P. alcon caterpillars before and after their association with ants, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR. After being adopted by ants, bacterial communities within P. alcon caterpillars shifted substantially, with a significant increase in alpha diversity and greater consistency in bacterial community composition in terms of beta dissimilarity. We also characterized the bacterial communities within their host ants (Myrmica schencki), food plant (Gentiana cruciata), and soil from ant nest chambers. These data indicated that the aforementioned patterns were influenced by bacteria derived from caterpillars' surrounding environments, rather than through transfers from ants. Thus, while bacterial communities are substantially reorganized over the life cycle of P. alcon caterpillars, it appears that they do not rely on transfers of bacteria from host ants to complete their development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Szenteczki
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Present address:
Department of Environmental Systems SciencesInstitute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETHZZürichSwitzerland
| | - Luca P. Casacci
- Museum and Institute of ZoologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Lucie Kešnerová
- Department of Fundamental MicrobiologyUniversity of LausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Philipp Engel
- Department of Fundamental MicrobiologyUniversity of LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC‐UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Unit of Research and CollectionsMuseum of Natural HistoryGenevaSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|