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von Mücke-Heim IA, Urbina-Treviño L, Bordes J, Ries C, Schmidt MV, Deussing JM. Introducing a depression-like syndrome for translational neuropsychiatry: a plea for taxonomical validity and improved comparability between humans and mice. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:329-340. [PMID: 36104436 PMCID: PMC9812782 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Depressive disorders are the most burdensome psychiatric disorders worldwide. Although huge efforts have been made to advance treatment, outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Many factors contribute to this gridlock including suboptimal animal models. Especially limited study comparability and replicability due to imprecise terminology concerning depressive-like states are major problems. To overcome these issues, new approaches are needed. Here, we introduce a taxonomical concept for modelling depression in laboratory mice, which we call depression-like syndrome (DLS). It hinges on growing evidence suggesting that mice possess advanced socioemotional abilities and can display non-random symptom patterns indicative of an evolutionary conserved disorder-like phenotype. The DLS approach uses a combined heuristic method based on clinical depression criteria and the Research Domain Criteria to provide a biobehavioural reference syndrome for preclinical rodent models of depression. The DLS criteria are based on available, species-specific evidence and are as follows: (I) minimum duration of phenotype, (II) significant sociofunctional impairment, (III) core biological features, (IV) necessary depressive-like symptoms. To assess DLS presence and severity, we have designed an algorithm to ensure statistical and biological relevance of findings. The algorithm uses a minimum combined threshold for statistical significance and effect size (p value ≤ 0.05 plus moderate effect size) for each DLS criterion. Taken together, the DLS is a novel, biologically founded, and species-specific minimum threshold approach. Its long-term objective is to gradually develop into an inter-model validation standard and microframework to improve phenotyping methodology in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iven-Alex von Mücke-Heim
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany ,grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany ,grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Lidia Urbina-Treviño
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Joeri Bordes
- grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany ,grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Ries
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany ,grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V. Schmidt
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
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Chen GT, Geschwind DH. Challenges and opportunities for precision medicine in neurodevelopmental disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114564. [PMID: 36183905 PMCID: PMC10409256 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) encompass a broad spectrum of disorders, linked because of their origins in brain developmental processes, including diverse conditions across the age span, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Clinical treatment of these disorders has traditionally focused on symptom management, as the severity of developmental disruption varies widely and the precise molecular mechanisms, timing, and progression of these disorders is usually not known. Several hundred genes have been identified as major risk factors for ASD and SCZ, which creates new potential therapeutic avenues, and there is strong evidence that these genes converge upon key molecular pathways, pointing to opportunities for precision medicine. In this review, we focus on forms of ASD and SCZ with known genetic etiologies and discuss advances in research technologies that enable a more systemic understanding of disease progression. We highlight recent advances in targeted clinical treatment and discuss ongoing preclinical efforts as well as new initiatives aimed at developing scalable platforms for NDD precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Chen
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, United States; Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, United States
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, United States; Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, United States; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, United States; Institute of Precision Health, UCLA, United States.
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Impact of Deprivation on Obesity in Children with PWS. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082255. [PMID: 35456348 PMCID: PMC9031951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the social deprivation score in families with a child with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and analyze its impact on the occurrence of obesity in the affected child. We included 147 children with PWS followed in our reference center with Evaluation of the Deprivation and Inequalities of Health in Healthcare Centres by the EPICES score. Deprivation (EPICES ≥ 30) was found in 25.9% of the population. Compared with the non-obese children, children with obesity had more deprived families, 50.0 vs. 18.0% (p = 0.0001); were older, with a median of 10.1 vs. 6.0 years (p = 0.0006); were less frequently treated with growth hormone (GH), 80.6 vs. 91.9% (p = 0.07). The mothers of obese children were more frequently obese, 46.9 vs. 13.3% (p < 0.0001), and achieved high study levels less frequently (≥Bac+2), 40.9 vs. 70.1% (p = 0.012). The multivariate logistic regression indicated that age, living in a deprived family, and having a mother with overweight/obesity were significantly associated with an increased risk of obesity (respectively, OR = 3.31 (1.26−8.73) and OR = 6.76 (2.36−19.37)). The same risk factors of obesity observed in the general population were found in children with PWS. Families at risk, including social deprivation, will require early identification and a reinforced approach to prevent obesity.
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O'Hora KP, Zhang Z, Vajdi A, Kushan-Wells L, Huang ZS, Pacheco-Hansen L, Roof E, Holland A, Gur RC, Bearden CE. Neurobehavioral Dimensions of Prader Willi Syndrome: Relationships Between Sleep and Psychosis-Risk Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:868536. [PMID: 35492689 PMCID: PMC9043455 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.868536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of expression of the paternal copies of maternally imprinted gene(s) located at 15q11-q13. While the physical and medical characteristics of PWS, including short stature, hyperphagia and endocrine dysfunction are well-characterized, systematic investigation of the long-recognized psychiatric manifestations has been recent. Methods Here, we report on the first remote (web-based) assessment of neurobehavioral traits, including psychosis-risk symptoms (Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Version; PQ-B) and sleep behaviors (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), in a cohort of 128 participants with PWS, of whom 48% had a paternal deletion, 36% uniparental disomy, 2.4% an imprinting mutation and 13% unknown mutation (mean age 19.3 years ± 8.4; 53.9% female). We aimed to identify the most informative variables that contribute to psychosis-risk symptoms. Multiple domains of cognition (accuracy and speed) were also assessed in a subset of PWS participants (n = 39) using the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (Penn-CNB). Results Individuals with PWS reported a range of psychosis-risk symptoms, with over half reporting cognitive disorganization (63.1%) and about one third reporting unusual beliefs (38.6%) and/or suspiciousness (33.3%). Subjectively-reported sleep quality, nap frequency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction were significant predictors of psychosis-risk symptom frequency and severity (all p's < 0.029). Sleep disturbance ratings were the strongest predictors of psychosis-risk symptoms. Regarding cognition, individuals with PWS showed the most prominent deficits in accuracy on measures of social cognition involving faces, namely Face Memory, Age Differentiation and Emotion Recognition, and greatest slowing on measures of Attention and Emotion Recognition. However, there were no significant differences in psychosis-risk symptoms or cognitive performance as a function of PWS genetic subtype. Conclusions PWS is associated with a high prevalence of distressing psychosis-risk symptoms, which are associated with sleep disturbance. Findings indicate that self/parent-reported neurobehavioral symptoms and cognition can be assessed remotely in individuals with PWS, which has implications for future large-scale investigations of rare neurogenetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P. O'Hora
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zizhao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ariana Vajdi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Leila Kushan-Wells
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhengyi Sissi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura Pacheco-Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Roof
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anthony Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania and the Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Lifespan and Brain Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Yamada K, Watanabe M, Suzuki K. Differential volume reductions in the subcortical, limbic, and brainstem structures associated with behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4978. [PMID: 35322075 PMCID: PMC8943009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) exhibit complex behavioral characteristics, including hyperphagia, autistic features, and subsequent age-related maladaptive behaviors. While this suggests functional involvements of subcortical, limbic, and brainstem areas, developmental abnormalities in such structures remain to be investigated systematically. Twenty-one Japanese individuals with PWS and 32 healthy controls with typical development were included. T1-weighted three-dimensional structural magnetic resonance images were analyzed for subcortical, limbic, and brainstem structural volumes, with age as a covariate, using a model-based automatic segmentation tool. Correlations were determined between each volume measurement and behavioral characteristics as indexed by questionnaires and block test scores for hyperphagia (HQ), autistic and obsessional traits, non-verbal intelligence (IQ), and maladaptive behavior (VABS_mal). Compared with the control group, the PWS group showed significantly reduced relative volume ratios per total intracranial volume (TIV) in thalamus, amygdala, and brainstem structures, along with TIV and native volumes in all substructures. While the brainstem volume ratio was significantly lower in all age ranges, amygdala volume ratios were significantly lower during early adulthood and negatively correlated to HQ and VABS_mal but positively correlated to Kohs IQ. Thus, limbic and brainstem volume alterations and differential volume trajectories may contribute to the developmental and behavioral pathophysiology of PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Yamada
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, 1 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 9518585, Japan. .,Hayakawa Children's Clinic, 2-1-5, Nishikobaridai, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 9502015, Japan.
| | - Masaki Watanabe
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, 1 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 9518585, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Suzuki
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, 1 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 9518585, Japan
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Dichter GS, Rodriguez-Romaguera J. Anhedonia and Hyperhedonia in Autism and Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 58:237-254. [PMID: 35397066 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by impaired social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests, ASD is also characterized by impaired motivational processes. The "social motivation theory of autism" describes how social motivation disruptions in ASD in early childhood may impede the drive to engage in reciprocal social behaviors and ultimately interfere with the development of neural networks critical for social communication (Chevallier et al., Trends Cogn Sci 16:231-239, 2012b). Importantly, clinical studies and preclinical research using model organisms for ASD indicate that motivational impairments in ASD are not constrained to social rewards but are evident in response to a range of nonsocial rewards as well. Additionally, translational studies on certain genetically defined neurodevelopmental disorders associated with ASD indicate that these syndromic forms of ASD are also characterized by motivational deficits and mesolimbic dopamine impairments. In this chapter we summarize clinical and preclinical research relevant to reward processing impairments in ASD and related neurodevelopmental disorders. We also propose a nosology to describe reward processing impairments in these disorders that uses a three-axes model. In this triaxial nosology, the first axis defines the direction of the reward response (i.e., anhedonic, hyperhedonic); the second axis defines the construct of the reward process (e.g., reward liking, reward wanting); and the third axis defines the context of the reward response (e.g., social, nonsocial). A more precise nosology for describing reward processing impairments in ASD and related neurodevelopmental disorders will aid in the translation of preclinical research to clinical investigations which will ultimately help to speed up the development of interventions that target motivational systems for ASD and related neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Dichter
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Romaguera
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Abstract
The search for biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (henceforth autism) has received a lot of attention due to their potential clinical relevance. The clinical and aetiological heterogeneity of autism suggests the presence of subgroups. The lack of identification of a valid diagnostic biomarker for autism, and the inconsistencies seen in studies assessing differences between autism and typically developing control groups, may be partially explained by the vast heterogeneity observed in autism. The focus now is to better understand the clinical and biological heterogeneity and identify stratification biomarkers, which are measures that describe subgroups of individuals with shared biology. Using stratification approaches to assess treatment within pre-defined subgroups could clarify who may benefit from different treatments and therapies, and ultimately lead to more effective individualised treatment plans.
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Clerc A, Coupaye M, Mosbah H, Pinto G, Laurier V, Mourre F, Merrien C, Diene G, Poitou C, Tauber M. Diabetes Mellitus in Prader-Willi Syndrome: Natural History during the Transition from Childhood to Adulthood in a Cohort of 39 Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225310. [PMID: 34830599 PMCID: PMC8625265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 20% of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), with many cases diagnosed during the transition period. Our aim was to describe the natural history of T2DM in patients with PWS before the age of 25 years and to develop screening and preventive strategies. Thirty-nine patients followed in the French PWS Reference Center were included (median age 25.6 years [23.7; 31.7]). Twenty-one had been treated with growth hormone (GH), fifteen had not, and three had an unknown status. The median age at T2DM diagnosis was 16.8 years (11–24) and the median BMI was 39 kg/m2 [34.6; 45], with 34/35 patients living with obesity. The patients displayed frequent psychiatric (48.3% hospitalization,) and metabolic (56.4% hypertriglyceridemia,) comorbidities and a parental history of T2DM (35.7%) or overweight (53.6%) compared to the PWS general population. There was no difference in BMI and metabolic complications between the GH-treated and non-GH-treated groups at T2DM diagnosis. Patients with PWS who develop early T2DM have severe obesity, a high frequency of psychiatric and metabolic disorders, and a family history of T2DM and overweight. These results underline the need for early identification of patients at risk, prevention of obesity, and repeated blood glucose monitoring during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Clerc
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Formes Rares d’Obésité avec Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire), Service d’Endocrinologie, Obésités, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale, Hôpital des Enfants, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Muriel Coupaye
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Formes Rares d’Obésité avec Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (M.C.); (H.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Héléna Mosbah
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Formes Rares d’Obésité avec Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (M.C.); (H.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Graziella Pinto
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d’Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75743 Paris, France;
| | - Virginie Laurier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Formes Rares d’Obésité avec Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire), Hôpital Marin d’Hendaye, 64701 Hendaye, France; (V.L.); (F.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabien Mourre
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Formes Rares d’Obésité avec Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire), Hôpital Marin d’Hendaye, 64701 Hendaye, France; (V.L.); (F.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Christine Merrien
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Formes Rares d’Obésité avec Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire), Hôpital Marin d’Hendaye, 64701 Hendaye, France; (V.L.); (F.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Gwenaëlle Diene
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Formes Rares d’Obésité avec Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire), Service d’Endocrinologie, Obésités, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale, Hôpital des Enfants, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.C.); (G.D.)
- Inserm UMR 1295—CERPOP (Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des POPulations), Équipe SPHERE (Santé Périnatale, Pédiatrique et des Adolescents: Approche Épidémiologique et Évaluative), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Formes Rares d’Obésité avec Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; (M.C.); (H.M.); (C.P.)
- UMRS 1269, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition et Obésité: Approches Systémiques «NutriOmics», 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maithé Tauber
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Formes Rares d’Obésité avec Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire), Service d’Endocrinologie, Obésités, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale, Hôpital des Enfants, 31059 Toulouse, France; (A.C.); (G.D.)
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291—CNRS UMR5051—Université Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence:
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Borie AM, Dromard Y, Guillon G, Olma A, Manning M, Muscatelli F, Desarménien MG, Jeanneteau F. Correction of vasopressin deficit in the lateral septum ameliorates social deficits of mouse autism model. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144450. [PMID: 33232306 DOI: 10.1172/jci144450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual and social disabilities are common comorbidities in adolescents and adults with MAGE family member L2 (MAGEL2) gene deficiency characterizing the Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang neurodevelopmental syndromes. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the risk for autism in these syndromes are not understood. We asked whether vasopressin functions are altered by MAGEL2 deficiency and whether a treatment with vasopressin could alleviate the disabilities of social behavior. We used Magel2-knockout mice (adult males) combined with optogenetic or pharmacological tools to characterize disease modifications in the vasopressinergic brain system and monitor its impact on neurophysiological and behavioral functions. We found that the activation of vasopressin neurons and projections in the lateral septum were inappropriate for performing a social habituation/discrimination task. Mechanistically, the lack of vasopressin impeded the deactivation of somatostatin neurons in the lateral septum, which predicted social discrimination deficits. Correction of vasopressin septal content by administration or optogenetic stimulation of projecting axons suppressed the activity of somatostatin neurons and ameliorated social behavior. This preclinical study identified vasopressin in the lateral septum as a key factor in the pathophysiology of Magel2-related neurodevelopmental syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie M Borie
- Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Dromard
- Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Guillon
- Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Aleksandra Olma
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Maurice Manning
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Françoise Muscatelli
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Méditerranée, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Michel G Desarménien
- Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Freddy Jeanneteau
- Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
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Patients with PWS and related syndromes display differentially methylated regions involved in neurodevelopmental and nutritional trajectory. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:159. [PMID: 34389046 PMCID: PMC8361855 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prader–Willi syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a paternal deficiency of maternally imprinted gene expression located in the chromosome 15q11–q13 region. Previous studies have demonstrated that several classes of neurodevelopmental disorders can be attributed to either over- or under-expression of specific genes that may lead to impairments in neuronal generation, differentiation, maturation and growth. Epigenetic changes that modify gene expression have been highlighted in these disorders. One recent study focused on epigenetic analysis and compared patients with PWS with patients with other imprinting disorders. No study, however, has yet focused on epigenetics in patients with PWS specifically by comparing the mutations associated with this syndrome. Objective This study investigated the epigenetic modifications in patients with PWS and patients with PWS-related disorders caused by inactivation of two genes of the PWS chromosomal region, SNORD116 and MAGEL2. Our approach also aimed to compare the epigenetic modifications in PWS and PWS-related disorders. Methods We compared genome-wide methylation analysis (GWAS) in seven blood samples from patients with PWS phenotype (five with deletions of the PWS locus, one with a microdeletion of SNORD116 and one with a frameshift mutation of MAGEL2 presenting with Schaaf–Yang syndrome), as well as two control patients. Controls were infants that had been studied for suspicion of genetic diseases that was not confirmed by the genetic analysis and the clinical follow-up. Results The analysis identified 29,234 differentially methylated cytosines, corresponding to 5,308 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), which matched with 2,280 genes. The DMRs in patients with PWS were associated with neurodevelopmental pathways, endocrine dysfunction and social and addictive processes consistent with the key features of the PWS phenotype. In addition, the separate analysis for the SNORD116 and MAGEL2 deletions revealed that the DMRs associated with the SNORD116 microdeletion were found in genes implicated in metabolic pathways and nervous system development, whereas MAGEL2 mutations mostly concerned genes involved in macromolecule biosynthesis. Conclusion The PWS is associated with epigenetic modifications with differences in SNORD116 and MAGEL2 mutations, which seem to be relevant to the different associated phenotypes.
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Salles J, Lacassagne E, Eddiry S, Franchitto N, Salles JP, Tauber M. What can we learn from PWS and SNORD116 genes about the pathophysiology of addictive disorders? Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:51-59. [PMID: 33082508 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Addictive disorders have been much investigated and many studies have underlined the role of environmental factors such as social interaction in the vulnerability to and maintenance of addictive behaviors. Research on addiction pathophysiology now suggests that certain behavioral disorders are addictive, one example being food addiction. Yet, despite the growing body of knowledge on addiction, it is still unknown why only some of the individuals exposed to a drug become addicted to it. This observation has prompted the consideration of genetic heritage, neurodevelopmental trajectories, and gene-environment interactions in addiction vulnerability. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder in which children become addicted to food and show early social impairment. PWS is caused by the deficiency of imprinted genes located on the 15q11-q13 chromosome. Among them, the SNORD116 gene was identified as the minimal gene responsible for the PWS phenotype. Several studies have also indicated the role of the Snord116 gene in animal and cellular models to explain PWS pathophysiology and phenotype (including social impairment and food addiction). We thus present here the evidence suggesting the potential involvement of the SNORD116 gene in addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Salles
- Université de Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France.,CHU de Toulouse, Service de psychiatrie et psychologie, psychiatrie Toulouse, F-31000, Toulouse, France.,Inserm Unité 1043, CNRS 5828, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France.,CHU de Toulouse, Institut des Handicaps Neurologiques, Psychiatriques et Sensoriels, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lacassagne
- Inserm Unité 1043, CNRS 5828, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Sanaa Eddiry
- Inserm Unité 1043, CNRS 5828, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Franchitto
- Université de Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France.,CHU de Toulouse, Service d'addictologie clinique, urgences réanimation médecine, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Inserm Unité 1043, CNRS 5828, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Maithé Tauber
- Université de Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France. .,Inserm Unité 1043, CNRS 5828, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, F-31000, Toulouse, France. .,CHU de Toulouse, Institut des Handicaps Neurologiques, Psychiatriques et Sensoriels, F-31000, Toulouse, France. .,CHU de Toulouse, Centre de référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres syndromes avec troubles du comportement alimentaire, Unité d'endocrinologie, obésités, maladies osseuses, génétique et gynécologie médicale, F-31000, Toulouse, France.
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