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Desorcy-Scherer K, Zuniga-Chaves I, Reisner MA, Suen G, Hernandez LL. Investigating the influence of perinatal fluoxetine exposure on murine gut microbial communities during pregnancy and lactation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13762. [PMID: 38877103 PMCID: PMC11178873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) therapy is common among perinatal populations for the treatment of mood disorders. Medications can affect diversity and composition of the gut microbiome, which plays a key role in modulating health. While previous studies have examined the effects of antidepressant exposure on the maternal gut microbiome, whether SSRI exposure affects the offspring gut microbiome is unknown. We investigated the effects of maternal fluoxetine exposure on the gut microbiome of maternal and offspring mice during pregnancy and lactation (embryonic day 10-lactation day 21; E10-L21). Stool samples collected on E17, L11, L15, and L21 were examined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results suggest that maternal fluoxetine exposure may result in decreased alpha diversity of the offspring gut microbiome in early life. Furthermore, we observed several genera-specific differences in the gut microbiome based on treatment, specifically of Turicibacter, Parasutterella, and Romboutsia. These findings support our understanding of gut health, as dysbiotic development of the gut microbiome has been associated with local and systemic health problems including gastrointestinal morbidities and interrupted growth patterns in infants. Future research should pursue study in human populations and those at high risk for gut microbial dysbiosis and intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Desorcy-Scherer
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 701 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 54705, USA.
| | - Ibrahim Zuniga-Chaves
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maggie A Reisner
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Sancho-Balsells A, Borràs-Pernas S, Flotta F, Chen W, Del Toro D, Rodríguez MJ, Alberch J, Blivet G, Touchon J, Xifró X, Giralt A. Brain-gut photobiomodulation restores cognitive alterations in chronically stressed mice through the regulation of Sirt1 and neuroinflammation. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:574-588. [PMID: 38490587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is an important risk factor for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent studies have shown microbiome dysbiosis as one of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with MDD. Thus, it is important to find novel non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies that can modulate gut microbiota and brain activity. One such strategy is photobiomodulation (PBM), which involves the non-invasive use of light. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS Brain-gut PBM could have a synergistic beneficial effect on the alterations induced by chronic stress. METHODS We employed the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol to induce a depressive-like state in mice. Subsequently, we administered brain-gut PBM for 6 min per day over a period of 3 weeks. Following PBM treatment, we examined behavioral, structural, molecular, and cellular alterations induced by CUMS. RESULTS We observed that the CUMS protocol induces profound behavioral alterations and an increase of sirtuin1 (Sirt1) levels in the hippocampus. We then combined the stress protocol with PBM and found that tissue-combined PBM was able to rescue cognitive alterations induced by CUMS. This rescue was accompanied by a restoration of hippocampal Sirt1 levels, prevention of spine density loss in the CA1 of the hippocampus, and the modulation of the gut microbiome. PBM was also effective in reducing neuroinflammation and modulating the morphology of Iba1-positive microglia. LIMITATIONS The molecular mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of tissue-combined PBM are not fully understood. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that non-invasive photobiomodulation of both the brain and the gut microbiome could be beneficial in the context of stress-induced MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sancho-Balsells
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Borràs-Pernas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Flotta
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Toro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; Production and Validation Centre of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Xavier Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
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Tan X, Wu J, Zhang H, Li Y, Huang Y, Zheng P, Xie P. Biogeography of intestinal mucus-associated microbiome: Depletion of genus Pseudomonas is associated with depressive-like behaviors in female cynomolgus macaques. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00204-2. [PMID: 38735389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a debilitating and poorly understood mental disorder. There is an urgency to explore new potential biological mechanisms of depression and the gut microbiota is a promising research area. OBJECTIVES Our study was aim to understand regional heterogeneity and potential molecular mechanisms underlying depression induced by dysbiosis of mucus-associated microbiota. METHODS Here, we only selected female macaques because they are more likely to form a natural social hierarchy in a harem-like environment. Because high-ranking macaques rarely displayed depressive-like behaviors, we selected seven monkeys from high-ranking individuals as control group (HC) and the same number of low-ranking ones as depressive-like group (DL), which displayed significant depressive-like behaviors. Then, we collected mucus from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon of DL and HC monkeys for shotgun metagenomic sequencing, to profile the biogeography of mucus-associated microbiota along duodenum to colon. RESULTS Compared with HC, DL macaques displayed noticeable depressive-like behaviors such as longer duration of huddle and sit alone behaviors (negative emotion behaviors), and fewer duration of locomotion, amicable and ingestion activities (positive emotion behaviors). Moreover, the alpha diversity index (Chao) could predict aforementioned depressive-like behaviors along duodenum to colon. Further, we identified that genus Pseudomonas was consistently decreased in DL group throughout the entire intestinal tract except for the jejunum. Specifically, there were 10, 18 and 28 decreased Pseudomonas spp. identified in ileum, cecum and colon, respectively. Moreover, a bacterial module mainly composed of Pseudomonas spp. was positively associated with three positive emotion behaviors. Functionally, Pseudomonaswas mainly involved in microbiota derived lipid metabolisms such as PPAR signaling pathway, cholesterol metabolism, and fat digestion and absorption. CONCLUSION Different regions of intestinal mucus-associated microbiota revealed that depletion of genus Pseudomonas is associated with depressive-like behaviors in female macaques, which might induce depressive phenotypes through regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunmin Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
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Liu X, Li M, Jian C, Qin X. Characterization of "microbiome-metabolome-immunity" in depressed rats with divergent responses to Paroxetine. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:201-213. [PMID: 38346646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line anti-depressants. Unfortunately, about 30 % depressed patients do not effectively respond to SSRIs. It is still unclear that the gastrointestinal characteristics of responders and non-responders, and the differences. METHODS Herein, we characterized gut microbiome and metabolome of depressed rats with differential responses to Paroxetine (PX) by 16S rRNA sequencing and 1H NMR-based metabolomics, respectively. On top of this, we constructed both inter- and inner-layer networks, intuitively showing the correlations among behavioral indicators, immune factors, intestinal bacteria, and differential metabolites. RESULTS Consequently, we found that depressed rats differently responded to PX, which could be divided into PX responsive (PX-R) and non-responsive (PX-N) groups. Firstly, the depressive behaviors of PX-R rats and PX-N rats significantly differed. Meanwhile, inflammatory balance was also characterized for depressed rats with different responses to PX. Overall, PX-R rats and PX-N rats exhibited differential gut microbiome and metabolome, including intestinal structures, intestinal functions, metabolic profiles, metabolites, and metabolic pathways. LIMITATIONS Metabolites that identified by metabolomics based on 1H NMR are not comprehensive enough. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study demonstrated that gut microbiome and metabolome, as well as related functions, are of significance in differential responses of depressed rats to PX, which might be novel insights in uncovering the mechanisms of differences in efficacies of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Mengyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Zahran SA, Mansour SM, Ali AE, Kamal SM, Römling U, El-Abhar HS, Ali-Tammam M. Sunset Yellow dye effects on gut microbiota, intestinal integrity, and the induction of inflammasomopathy with pyroptotic signaling in male Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 187:114585. [PMID: 38490351 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Although concern persists regarding possible adverse effects of consumption of synthetic azo food dyes, the mechanisms of any such effects remain unclear. We have tested the hypothesis that chronic consumption of the food dye Sunset Yellow (SY) perturbs the composition of the gut microbiota and alters gut integrity. Male rats were administered SY orally for 12 weeks. Analysis of fecal samples before and after dye administration demonstrated SY-induced microbiome dysbiosis. SY treatment reduced the abundance of beneficial taxa such as Treponema 2, Anaerobiospirillum, Helicobacter, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Prevotellaceae UCG-003, while increasing the abundance of the potentially pathogenic microorganisms Prevotella 2 and Oribacterium. Dysbiosis disrupted gut integrity, altering the jejunal adherens junction complex E-cadherin/β-catenin and decreasing Trefoil Factor (TFF)-3. SY administration elevated LPS serum levels, activated the inflammatory inflammasome cascade TLR4/NLRP3/ASC/cleaved-activated caspase-1 to mature IL-1β and IL-18, and activated caspase-11 and gasdermin-N, indicating pyroptosis and increased intestinal permeability. The possibility that consumption of SY by humans could have effects similar to those that we have observed in rats should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmed Zahran
- Department of Microbiology& Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, 12311, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Suzan Mohamed Mansour
- Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, 12311, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amal Emad Ali
- Department of Microbiology& Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, 12311, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shady Mansour Kamal
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ute Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hanan Salah El-Abhar
- Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, 12311, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Ali-Tammam
- Department of Microbiology& Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, 12311, Cairo, Egypt.
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Chen M, Wang L, Lou Y, Huang Z. Effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress on gut microbiota and fecal amino acid and short-chain fatty acid pathways in mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 464:114930. [PMID: 38432300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a serious disease that has a significant impact on social functioning. However, the exact causes of depression are still not fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new pathways leading to depression. In this study, we used 16 S rDNA to examine changes in gut microbiota and predict related pathways in depression-like mice. Additionally, we employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify changes in amino acids and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in fecal samples. We conducted Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis to investigate the associations between changes in amino acids/SCFAs and behavioral outcomes. The 16 S rDNA sequencing revealed significant alterations in gut microbiota at the phylum and genus levels in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Alloprevotella were increased, while Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Lachnospirillum, and Enterobacter were decreased in the CUMS mice. We used PICRUSt software to annotate the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway function related to depression-like behavior in mice. Our analysis identified sixty functional pathways associated with the gut microbiota of mice exhibiting depression-like behavior. In the amino acid concentration analysis, we observed decreased levels of hydroxyproline and tryptophan, and increased levels of alanine in CUMS mice. In the SCFAs concentration assay, we found decreased levels of butyric acid and valeric acid, and increased levels of acetic acid in CUMS mice. Some of these changes were significantly correlated with depressive-like behaviors. Our study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of the gut-brain axis in the occurrence and development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhen Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhang Z, Du L, Ji Q, Liu H, Ren Z, Ji G, Bian ZX, Zhao L. The Landscape of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites: A Key to Understanding the Pathophysiology of Pattern in Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:89-122. [PMID: 38351704 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Liver Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency (LSSD) is a Chinese Medicine (CM) pattern commonly observed in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, yet its biological nature remains unknown. This limits the global use of CM medications for treating GI diseases. Recent studies emphasize the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the pathogenesis and treatment of LSSD-associated GI diseases. There is increasing evidence supporting that an altered gut microbiome in LSSD patients or animals contributes to GI and extra-intestinal symptoms and affects the effectiveness of CM therapies. The gut microbiota is considered to be an essential component of the biological basis of LSSD. This study aims to provide an overview of existing research findings and gaps for the pathophysiological study of LSSD from the gut microbiota perspective in order to understand the relationship between the CM pattern and disease progression and to optimize CM-based diagnosis, prevention, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhou Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liqing Du
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiuchen Ji
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Ren
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Reed F, Foldi CJ. Do the therapeutic effects of psilocybin involve actions in the gut? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:107-117. [PMID: 38216431 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The psychedelic compound psilocybin has recently emerged as a therapeutic intervention for various mental health conditions. Psilocybin is a potent agonist of serotonin (5-HT) receptors (5-HTRs), which are expressed in the brain and throughout peripheral tissues, with particularly high expression in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, no studies have investigated the possibility that peripheral actions of psilocybin may contribute to improvements in mental health outcomes. This is despite strong evidence for disturbed gut-brain signalling in conditions in which psilocybin is being tested clinically. In this Opinion, we highlight the likely actions of psychedelics in the gut and provide initial support for the premise that peripheral actions may be involved in rapid and long-term therapeutic effects. A greater understanding of all sites and modes of action will guide more targeted approaches to drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Reed
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Eating Disorders Research & Translation Centre (AEDRTC), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Claire J Foldi
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Halvorson CS, Sánchez-Lafuente CL, Johnston JN, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Molecular Mechanisms of Reelin in the Enteric Nervous System and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Depression and Antidepressant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:814. [PMID: 38255890 PMCID: PMC10815176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Current pharmacological treatments for depression fail to produce adequate remission in a significant proportion of patients. Increasingly, other systems, such as the microbiome-gut-brain axis, are being looked at as putative novel avenues for depression treatment. Dysbiosis and dysregulation along this axis are highly comorbid with the severity of depression symptoms. The endogenous extracellular matrix protein reelin is present in all intestinal layers as well as in myenteric and submucosal ganglia, and its receptors are also present in the gut. Reelin secretion from subepithelial myofibroblasts regulates cellular migration along the crypt-villus axis in the small intestine and colon. Reelin brain expression is downregulated in mood and psychotic disorders, and reelin injections have fast antidepressant-like effects in animal models of depression. This review seeks to discuss the roles of reelin in the gastrointestinal system and propose a putative role for reelin actions in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression, primarily reflecting on alterations in gut epithelial cell renewal and in the clustering of serotonin transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara S. Halvorson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (C.S.H.); (C.L.S.-L.); (L.E.K.)
| | - Carla Liria Sánchez-Lafuente
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (C.S.H.); (C.L.S.-L.); (L.E.K.)
| | - Jenessa N. Johnston
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Lisa E. Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (C.S.H.); (C.L.S.-L.); (L.E.K.)
| | - Hector J. Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (C.S.H.); (C.L.S.-L.); (L.E.K.)
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Lin SKK, Chen HC, Chen CH, Chen IM, Lu ML, Hsu CD, Chiu YH, Wang TY, Chen HM, Chung YCE, Kuo PH. Exploring the human gut microbiota targets in relation to the use of contemporary antidepressants. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:473-484. [PMID: 37820962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressants, specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), are commonly prescribed for depression treatment. Animal studies have shown that antidepressants can influence gut microbiota composition and specific bacterial taxa. We aimed to investigate the association between antidepressant use and human gut microbiota composition and functional pathway. METHODS We collected information on antidepressant use, demographic, food patterns, and clinical characteristics through questionnaires and medical records. The gut microbiota profiles of 271 depressive patients were carried out through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Patients were categorized based on different types of antidepressant use groups for gut microbiota comparisons. MaAsLin2 was performed to evaluate microbiota composition across groups. PICRUSt2 was used to predict microbiota functional pathways. RESULTS Patients taking SSRIs or SNRIs had a lower microbiota diversity. We found seven taxa abundances (Turicibacter, Barnesiella, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, Romboutia, Akkermansia, Dialister, Romboutia and Fusicatenibacter) differed in patients with various types of antidepressants compared with those without antidepressant treatments (p < 0.05). Turicibacter inversely correlated with depression severity in SSRIs or SNRI users (r = -0.43, p < 0.05). Top identified pathways were related to compound fermentation and biosynthesis in microbiota function. CONCLUSION Antidepressant usage, especially SSRIs and SNRIs, associates with changes in gut microbiota composition and specific taxa. Given our study's preliminary cross-sectional nature, further research is warranted to comprehend the relationship between antidepressant use, treatment response, and gut microbiota, aiming to enhance therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Kevin Lin
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Dien Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hang Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Chen
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chu Ella Chung
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Zhou JR, Thiagalingam S. Microbiota-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Depressive Disorders Are Targets for Nutritional and Probiotic Therapies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2217. [PMID: 38137038 PMCID: PMC10742434 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of disability in 280 million people worldwide. Many environmental factors, such as microbes, drugs, and diet, are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex and include the interaction of genetics with epigenetics and the host immune system. Modifications of the gut microbiome and its metabolites influence stress-related responses and social behavior in patients with depressive disorders by modulating the maturation of immune cells and neurogenesis in the brain mediated by epigenetic modifications. Here, we discuss the potential roles of a leaky gut in the development of depressive disorders via changes in gut microbiota-derived metabolites with epigenetic effects. Next, we will deliberate how altering the gut microbiome composition contributes to the development of depressive disorders via epigenetic alterations. In particular, we focus on how microbiota-derived metabolites such as butyrate as an epigenetic modifier, probiotics, maternal diet, polyphenols, drugs (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antibiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation could positively alleviate depressive-like behaviors by modulating the epigenetic landscape. Finally, we will discuss challenges associated with recent therapeutic approaches for depressive disorders via microbiome-related epigenetic shifts, as well as opportunities to tackle such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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12
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Zhou YM, Yuan JJ, Xu YQ, Gou YH, Zhu YYX, Chen C, Huang XX, Ma XM, Pi M, Yang ZX. Fecal microbiota as a predictor of acupuncture responses in patients with postpartum depressive disorder. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1228940. [PMID: 38053532 PMCID: PMC10694210 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1228940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are several clinical and molecular predictors of responses to antidepressant therapy. However, these markers are either too subjective or complex for clinical use. The gut microbiota could provide an easily accessible set of biomarkers to predict therapeutic efficacy, but its value in predicting therapy responses to acupuncture in patients with depression is unknown. Here we analyzed the predictive value of the gut microbiota in patients with postpartum depressive disorder (PPD) treated with acupuncture. Methods Seventy-nine PPD patients were enrolled: 55 were treated with acupuncture and 24 did not received any treatment. The 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17) was used to assess patients at baseline and after eight weeks. Patients receiving acupuncture treatment were divided into an acupuncture-responsive group or non-responsive group according to HAMD-17 scores changes. Baseline fecal samples were obtained from the patients receiving acupuncture and were analyzed by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to characterize the gut microbiome. Results 47.27% patients responded to acupuncture treatment and 12.5% patients with no treatment recovered after 8-week follow-up. There was no significant difference in α-diversity between responders and non-responders. The β-diversity of non-responders was significantly higher than responders. Paraprevotella and Desulfovibrio spp. were significantly enriched in acupuncture responders, and these organisms had an area under the curve of 0.76 and 0.66 for predicting responder patients, respectively. Conclusions Paraprevotella and Desulfovibrioare may be useful predictive biomarkers to predict PPD patients likely to respond to acupuncture. Larger studies and validation in independent cohorts are now needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Jun Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Qin Xu
- Department of Acupuncture, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Hua Gou
- Department of Acupuncture, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yannas Y. X. Zhu
- Department of Acupuncture, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing-Xian Huang
- Department of Acupuncture, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ma
- Department of Acupuncture, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min- Pi
- Department of Acupuncture, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuo-Xin Yang
- Department of Acupuncture, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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13
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Han W, Zheng Y, Wang L, An C. Disordered gut microbiota and changes in short-chain fatty acids and inflammatory processes in stress-vulnerable mice. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 383:578172. [PMID: 37659269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to chronic stress increases the incidence of depression. However, chronic stress is an associated risk factor in only a subset of individuals. Inflammation has been identified as a putative mechanism promoting stress vulnerability. Because of the gut microbiota's potential role as a source of inflammatory substances, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may exert their influence on inflammation, emotional states, and cognition via the gut-brain axis. In this study, Classic behavioral tests were used to categorize C57BL/6 J mice into a CUMS-vulnerable and a CUMS-resilient group after they were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). We compared the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences retrieved from fecal samples between control, CUMS-vulnerable, and CUMS-resilient mice. SCFAs in fecal samples were detected by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hippocampal cytokine production and TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway activation were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and western blotting. Then, we supplemented SCFAs in CUMS mice. we observed depression-like behavior and the expression of TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway in hippocampus of SCFAs supplementation mice. Susceptible mice to CUMS showed more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety, α diversity was significantly different, as well as higher expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway components in the hippocampus. SCFA levels in the feces were significantly higher in CUMS-resilient mice than in control mice. Depressive behavior was reversed in CUMS-SCFAs group, and the protein level of TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB in hippocampus was decreased. Overall, these results provide new light on the possible involvement of the microbiome in the gut-brain axis development in depressive disorder and provide a theoretical basis for identifying novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Mental Health Center of Hebei Medical University, The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050005, Hebei, China
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Mental Health Center of Hebei Medical University, The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Mental Health Center of Hebei Medical University, The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Cuixia An
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Mental Health Center of Hebei Medical University, The Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China.
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14
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Jeong S, Chokkalla AK, Davis CK, Vemuganti R. Post-stroke depression: epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modifications and their interplay with gut microbiota. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4044-4055. [PMID: 37188778 PMCID: PMC10646155 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modifications that regulate physiological processes of an organism at the DNA and RNA levels, respectively, are novel therapeutic candidates for various neurological diseases. Gut microbiota and its metabolites are known to modulate DNA methylation and histone modifications (epigenetics), as well as RNA methylation especially N6-methyladenosine (epitranscriptomics). As gut microbiota as well as these modifications are highly dynamic across the lifespan of an organism, they are implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke and depression. The lack of specific therapeutic interventions for managing post-stroke depression emphasizes the need to identify novel molecular targets. This review highlights the interaction between the gut microbiota and epigenetic/epitranscriptomic pathways and their interplay in modulating candidate genes that are involved in post-stroke depression. This review further focuses on the three candidates, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ten-eleven translocation family proteins, and fat mass and obesity-associated protein based on their prevalence and pathoetiologic role in post-stroke depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Jeong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles K Davis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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15
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Leigh SJ, Uhlig F, Wilmes L, Sanchez-Diaz P, Gheorghe CE, Goodson MS, Kelley-Loughnane N, Hyland NP, Cryan JF, Clarke G. The impact of acute and chronic stress on gastrointestinal physiology and function: a microbiota-gut-brain axis perspective. J Physiol 2023; 601:4491-4538. [PMID: 37756251 DOI: 10.1113/jp281951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological consequences of stress often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract. Traumatic or chronic stress is associated with widespread maladaptive changes throughout the gut, although comparatively little is known about the effects of acute stress. Furthermore, these stress-induced changes in the gut may increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders and infection, and impact critical features of the neural and behavioural consequences of the stress response by impairing gut-brain axis communication. Understanding the mechanisms behind changes in enteric nervous system circuitry, visceral sensitivity, gut barrier function, permeability, and the gut microbiota following stress is an important research objective with pathophysiological implications in both neurogastroenterology and psychiatry. Moreover, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key aspect of physiology sensitive to the effects of stress. In this review, we focus on different aspects of the gastrointestinal tract including gut barrier function as well as the immune, humoral and neuronal elements involved in gut-brain communication. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence for a role of stress in gastrointestinal disorders. Existing gaps in the current literature are highlighted, and possible avenues for future research with an integrated physiological perspective have been suggested. A more complete understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the integrated host and microbial response to different kinds of stressors in the gastrointestinal tract will enable full exploitation of the diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the fast-evolving field of host-microbiome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Leigh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Friederike Uhlig
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lars Wilmes
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula Sanchez-Diaz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cassandra E Gheorghe
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael S Goodson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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16
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Widjaja F, Rietjens IMCM. From-Toilet-to-Freezer: A Review on Requirements for an Automatic Protocol to Collect and Store Human Fecal Samples for Research Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2658. [PMID: 37893032 PMCID: PMC10603957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition, viability and metabolic functionality of intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease. Studies on intestinal microbiota are often based on fecal samples, because these can be sampled in a non-invasive way, although procedures for sampling, processing and storage vary. This review presents factors to consider when developing an automated protocol for sampling, processing and storing fecal samples: donor inclusion criteria, urine-feces separation in smart toilets, homogenization, aliquoting, usage or type of buffer to dissolve and store fecal material, temperature and time for processing and storage and quality control. The lack of standardization and low-throughput of state-of-the-art fecal collection procedures promote a more automated protocol. Based on this review, an automated protocol is proposed. Fecal samples should be collected and immediately processed under anaerobic conditions at either room temperature (RT) for a maximum of 4 h or at 4 °C for no more than 24 h. Upon homogenization, preferably in the absence of added solvent to allow addition of a buffer of choice at a later stage, aliquots obtained should be stored at either -20 °C for up to a few months or -80 °C for a longer period-up to 2 years. Protocols for quality control should characterize microbial composition and viability as well as metabolic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Widjaja
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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17
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Ye J, Sun Z, He Y, Zhao Y, Ren S, Zhang G, Liu M, Zheng P, Wang G, Yang J. Multi-omics reveal microbial determinants impacting the treatment outcome of antidepressants in major depressive disorder. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:195. [PMID: 37641148 PMCID: PMC10464022 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that disturbance of the gut-brain axis may be one of the potential causes of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the effects of antidepressants on the gut microbiota, and the role of gut microbiota in influencing antidepressant efficacy are still not fully understood. RESULTS To address this knowledge gap, a multi-omics study was undertaken involving 110 MDD patients treated with escitalopram (ESC) for a period of 12 weeks. This study was conducted within a cohort and compared to a reference group of 166 healthy individuals. It was found that ESC ameliorated abnormal blood metabolism by upregulating MDD-depleted amino acids and downregulating MDD-enriched fatty acids. On the other hand, the use of ESC showed a relatively weak inhibitory effect on the gut microbiota, leading to a reduction in microbial richness and functions. Machine learning-based multi-omics integrative analysis revealed that gut microbiota contributed to the changes in plasma metabolites and was associated with several amino acids such as tryptophan and its gut microbiota-derived metabolite, indole-3-propionic acid (I3PA). Notably, a significant correlation was observed between the baseline microbial richness and clinical remission at week 12. Compared to non-remitters, individuals who achieved remission had a higher baseline microbial richness, a lower dysbiosis score, and a more complex and well-organized community structure and bacterial networks within their microbiota. These findings indicate a more resilient microbiota community in remitters. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that it was not the composition of the gut microbiota itself, but rather the presence of sporulation genes at baseline that could predict the likelihood of clinical remission following ESC treatment. The predictive model based on these genes revealed an area under the curve (AUC) performance metric of 0.71. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into the role of the gut microbiota in the mechanism of ESC treatment efficacy for patients with MDD. The findings represent a significant advancement in understanding the intricate relationship among antidepressants, gut microbiota, and the blood metabolome. Additionally, this study offers a microbiota-centered perspective that can potentially improve antidepressant efficacy in clinical practice. By shedding light on the interplay between these factors, this research contributes to our broader understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the treatment of MDD and opens new avenues for optimizing therapeutic approaches. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junbin Ye
- Beijing WeGenome Paradigm Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Siyu Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Min Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment On Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Brown LC, Bobo WV, Gall CA, Müller DJ, Bousman CA. Pharmacomicrobiomics of Antidepressants in Depression: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1086. [PMID: 37511699 PMCID: PMC10381387 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the animal and human evidence for pharmacomicrobiomics (PMx) interactions of antidepressant medications. Studies of gut microbiota effects on functional and behavioral effects of antidepressants in human and animal models were identified from PubMed up to December 2022. Risk of bias was assessed, and results are presented as a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 28 (21 animal, 7 human) studies were included in the review. The reviewed papers converged on three themes: (1) Antidepressants can alter the composition and metabolites of gut microbiota, (2) gut microbiota can alter the bioavailability of certain antidepressants, and (3) gut microbiota may modulate the clinical or modeled mood modifying effects of antidepressants. The majority (n = 22) of studies had at least moderate levels of bias present. While strong evidence is still lacking to understand the clinical role of antidepressant PMx in human health, there is evidence for interactions among antidepressants, microbiota changes, microbiota metabolite changes, and behavior. Well-controlled studies of the mediating and moderating effects of baseline and treatment-emergent changes in microbiota on therapeutic and adverse responses to antidepressants are needed to better establish a potential role of PMx in personalizing antidepressant treatment selection and response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Brown
- Great Scott! Consulting LLC, New York, NY 11222, USA
| | - William V Bobo
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Cory A Gall
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0028, South Africa
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chad A Bousman
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Yao C, Zhang Y, Sun X, Pei H, Wei S, Wang M, Chang Q, Liu X, Jiang N. Areca catechu L. ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression behavior in rats by the promotion of the BDNF signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114459. [PMID: 37245336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we have investigated the anti-depressant effects of the fruit Areca catechu L. (ACL) and elucidated its potential underlying mechanism using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). METHODS CUMS was induced in rats to establish a depression animal model for 28 days. According to the baseline sucrose preference, the male rats were divided into 6 different groups. They were treated with paroxetine hydrochloride, ACL, and water once a day until the behavioral tests were performed. The levels of corticosterone (CORT), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in serum were detected using a commercial kit, and the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain tissues were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. doublecortin (DCX) expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) was determined by immunofluorescence, and the relative abundance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, PSD-95, and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β of brain tissues were assayed by western blot. RESULTS ACL markedly increased sucrose preference, decreased the immobility time, and shortened the feeding latency of CUMS-induced rats. CUMS induction resulted in marked changes in the contents of the monoamine neurotransmitters (5-HT and DA) in the hippocampus and cortex of brain tissues and the levels of CORT, MDA, CAT, and T-SOD in serum, whereas ACL administration alleviated these considerable changes. ACL promoted DCX expression in DG and increased the protein levels of BDNF, TrkB, PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, PSD-95, and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β in the brains of CUMS-induced rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that ACL may improve depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced rats by decreasing the hyperfunction and oxidative stress of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis, and activating the BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Yao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Sun
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Pei
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Chirumbolo S, Candiano B, Carrara A, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Pascale A. The Brain-Gut-Microbiota Interplay in Depression: a key to design innovative therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106799. [PMID: 37211239 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in the world associated with huge socio-economic consequences. While depressive-related symptoms are well known, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology and progression remain largely unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) is emerging as a key regulator of the central nervous system homeostasis by exerting fundamental immune and metabolic functions. In turn, the brain influences the intestinal microbial composition through neuroendocrine signals, within the so-called gut microbiota-brain axis. The balance of this bidirectional crosstalk is important to ensure neurogenesis, preserve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and avoid neuroinflammation. Conversely, dysbiosis and gut permeability negatively affect brain development, behavior, and cognition. Furthermore, although not fully defined yet, changes in the GM composition in depressed patients are reported to influence the pharmacokinetics of common antidepressants by affecting their absorption, metabolism, and activity. Similarly, neuropsychiatric drugs may shape in turn the GM with an impact on the efficacy and toxicity of the pharmacological intervention itself. Consequently, strategies aimed at re-establishing the correct homeostatic gut balance (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions) represent an innovative approach to improve the pharmacotherapy of depression. Among these, probiotics and the Mediterranean diet, alone or in combination with the standard of care, hold promise for clinical application. Therefore, the disclosure of the intricate network between GM and depression will give precious insights for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches towards depression, with profound implications for drug development and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Candiano
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelaide Carrara
- Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy; Nephrology and dialysis unit, ICS S. Maugeri SPA SB Hospital, Pavia, Italy; High School in Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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21
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Yuan F, Zhou Z, Wu S, Jiao F, Chen L, Fang L, Yin H, Hu X, Jiang X, Liu K, Xiao F, Jiang H, Chen S, Liu Z, Shu Y, Guo F. Intestinal activating transcription factor 4 regulates stress-related behavioral alterations via paraventricular thalamus in male mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215590120. [PMID: 37126693 PMCID: PMC10175747 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215590120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces depression- and anxiety-related behaviors, which are common mental disorders accompanied not only by dysfunction of the brain but also of the intestine. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a stress-induced gene, and we previously show that it is important for gut functions; however, the contribution of the intestinal ATF4 to stress-related behaviors is not known. Here, we show that chronic stress inhibits the expression of ATF4 in gut epithelial cells. ATF4 overexpression in the colon relieves stress-related behavioral alterations in male mice, as measured by open-field test, elevated plus-maze test, and tail suspension test, whereas intestine-specific ATF4 knockout induces stress-related behavioral alterations in male mice. Furthermore, glutamatergic neurons are inhibited in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) of two strains of intestinal ATF4-deficient mice, and selective activation of these neurons alleviates stress-related behavioral alterations in intestinal ATF4-deficient mice. The highly expressed gut-secreted peptide trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is chosen from RNA-Seq data from ATF4 deletion mice and demonstrated decreased in gut epithelial cells, which is directly regulated by ATF4. Injection of TFF3 reverses stress-related behaviors in ATF4 knockout mice, and the beneficial effects of TFF3 are blocked by inhibiting PVT glutamatergic neurons using DREADDs. In summary, this study demonstrates the function of ATF4 in the gut-brain regulation of stress-related behavioral alterations, via TFF3 modulating PVT neural activity. This research provides evidence of gut signals regulating stress-related behavioral alterations and identifies possible drug targets for the treatment of stress-related behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Yuan
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Shangming Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Fuxin Jiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Hanrui Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Haizhou Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Yousheng Shu
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
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22
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Medina-Rodriguez EM, Cruz AA, De Abreu JC, Beurel E. Stress, inflammation, microbiome and depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023:173561. [PMID: 37148918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are mental illnesses involving changes in mood, cognition and behavior. Their prevalence has rapidly increased in the last decades. One of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders is major depressive disorder (MDD), a debilitating disease lacking efficient treatments. Increasing evidence shows that microbial and immunological changes contribute to the pathophysiology of depression and both are modulated by stress. This bidirectional relationship constitutes the brain-gut axis involving various neuroendocrine, immunological, neuroenterocrine and autonomic pathways. The present review covers the most recent findings on the relationships between stress, the gut microbiome and the inflammatory response and their contribution to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Medina-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, United States of America.
| | - Alyssa A Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America
| | | | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
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23
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Song W, Sheng Q, Bai Y, Li L, Ning X, Liu Y, Song C, Wang T, Dong X, Luo Y, Hu J, Zhu L, Cui X, Chen B, Li L, Cai C, Cui H, Yue T. Obesity, but not high-fat diet, is associated with bone loss that is reversed via CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 + Tregs-mediated gut microbiome of non-obese mice. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:14. [PMID: 37055440 PMCID: PMC10102288 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration, and increased bone fragility. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity also results in bone loss, which is associated with an imbalanced gut microbiome. However, whether HFD-induced obesity or HFD itself promotes osteoclastogenesis and consequent bone loss remains unclear. In this study, we developed HFD-induced obesity (HIO) and non-obesity (NO) mouse models to evaluate the effect of HFD on bone loss. NO mice were defined as body weight within 5% of higher or lower than that of chow diet fed mice after 10 weeks HFD feeding. NO was protected from HIO-induced bone loss by the RANKL /OPG system, with associated increases in the tibia tenacity, cortical bone mean density, bone volume of cancellous bone, and trabecular number. This led to increased bone strength and improved bone microstructure via the microbiome-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) regulation. Additionally, endogenous gut-SCFAs produced by the NO mice activated free fatty acid receptor 2 and inhibited histone deacetylases, resulting in the promotion of Treg cell proliferation in the HFD-fed NO mice; thereby, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, which can be transplanted by fecal microbiome. Furthermore, T cells from NO mice retain differentiation of osteoclast precursors of RAW 264.7 macrophages ex vivo. Our data reveal that HFD is not a deleterious diet; however, the induction of obesity serves as a key trigger of bone loss that can be blocked by a NO mouse-specific gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qinglin Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuying Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 226-8501, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Li Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Ning
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Yangeng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150000, Harbin, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Nutritional Molecule Synthesis Transformation and Separation, 150000, Harbin, China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinhong Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaole Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Congli Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Haobo Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, 710069, Xi'an, China.
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, 710069, Xi'an, China.
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24
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Kelly JR, Clarke G, Harkin A, Corr SC, Galvin S, Pradeep V, Cryan JF, O'Keane V, Dinan TG. Seeking the Psilocybiome: Psychedelics meet the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100349. [PMID: 36605409 PMCID: PMC9791138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving towards a systems psychiatry paradigm embraces the inherent complex interactions across all levels from micro to macro and necessitates an integrated approach to treatment. Cortical 5-HT2A receptors are key primary targets for the effects of serotonergic psychedelics. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying psychedelic therapy are complex and traverse molecular, cellular, and network levels, under the influence of biofeedback signals from the periphery and the environment. At the interface between the individual and the environment, the gut microbiome, via the gut-brain axis, plays an important role in the unconscious parallel processing systems regulating host neurophysiology. While psychedelic and microbial signalling systems operate over different timescales, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, as a convergence hub between multiple biofeedback systems may play a role in the preparatory phase, the acute administration phase, and the integration phase of psychedelic therapy. In keeping with an interconnected systems-based approach, this review will discuss the gut microbiome and mycobiome and pathways of the MGB axis, and then explore the potential interaction between psychedelic therapy and the MGB axis and how this might influence mechanism of action and treatment response. Finally, we will discuss the possible implications for a precision medicine-based psychedelic therapy paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Sinead C. Corr
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Galvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vishnu Pradeep
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica O'Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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25
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Liu L, Wang H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xie P. Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: from pathogenesis to treatment. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104527. [PMID: 36963238 PMCID: PMC10051028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most disabling mental disorders worldwide. Increasing preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted that compositional and functional (e.g., metabolite) changes in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, are associated with the onset and progression of depression via regulating the gut-brain axis. However, the gut microbiota and their metabolites present a double-edged sword in depression. Dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of depression while, at the same time, offering a novel therapeutic target. In this review, we describe the association between dysbiosis and depression, drug-microbiota interactions in antidepressant treatment, and the potential health benefits of microbial-targeted therapeutics in depression, including dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. With the emergence of microbial research, we describe a new direction for future research and clinical treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, China.
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26
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Pesantes N, Barberá A, Pérez-Rocher B, Artacho A, Vargas SL, Moya A, Ruiz-Ruiz S. Influence of mental health medication on microbiota in the elderly population in the Valencian region. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1094071. [PMID: 37007475 PMCID: PMC10062206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1094071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spain has an aging population; 19.93% of the Spanish population is over 65. Aging is accompanied by several health issues, including mental health disorders and changes in the gut microbiota. The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional network linking the central nervous system with gastrointestinal tract functions, and therefore, the gut microbiota can influence an individual’s mental health. Furthermore, aging-related physiological changes affect the gut microbiota, with differences in taxa and their associated metabolic functions between younger and older people. Here, we took a case–control approach to study the interplay between gut microbiota and mental health of elderly people. Fecal and saliva samples from 101 healthy volunteers over 65 were collected, of which 28 (EE|MH group) reported using antidepressants or medication for anxiety or insomnia at the time of sampling. The rest of the volunteers (EE|NOMH group) were the control group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing were applied to determine the differences between intestinal and oral microbiota. Significant differences in genera were found, specifically eight in the gut microbiota, and five in the oral microbiota. Functional analysis of fecal samples showed differences in five orthologous genes related to tryptophan metabolism, the precursor of serotonin and melatonin, and in six categories related to serine metabolism, a precursor of tryptophan. Moreover, we found 29 metabolic pathways with significant inter-group differences, including pathways regulating longevity, the dopaminergic synapse, the serotoninergic synapse, and two amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pesantes
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Barberá
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain
| | - Benjamí Pérez-Rocher
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2Sysbio), CSIC-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain
| | - Sergio Luís Vargas
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Moya
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2Sysbio), CSIC-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Susana Ruiz-Ruiz
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Susana Ruiz-Ruiz,
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Liu X, Wu X, Wang S, Qin X. Gut microbiome and tissue metabolomics reveal the compatibility effects of Xiaoyaosan on depression based on "gut-liver-kidney" axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154628. [PMID: 36731299 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression affects not only the central nervous system, but also the peripheral system. Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, exhibits definite anti-depression effects demonstrated both clinically and experimentally. However, its compatibility has not been entirely revealed due partly to the complex compositions of herbs contained. AIM Based on the strategy of "Efficacy Group", this study aimed to reveal the compatibility of XYS from the perspective of "gut-liver-kidney" axis. METHODS Firstly, XYS was divided into two efficacy groups, i.e. Shugan (SG) and Jianpi (JP) groups. Classic behaviors of rats were measured to confirm the anti-depression effects of XYS and its two efficacy groups. On top of this, gut microbiota analysis and kidney metabolomics were performed by 16S rRNA sequencing and 1H NMR, respectively. RESULTS We found that XYS and its efficacy groups significantly regulated the abnormalities of behaviors and kidney metabolism of depressed rats, as well as intestinal disorders, but to different degrees. The regulatory effects of XYS and its efficacy groups on behaviors and kidney metabolomics of depressed rats had the same order, i.e. XYS > SG > JP, while the order of regulating gut microbiota was XYS > JP > SG. Both XYS and its efficacy groups significantly ameliorated gut microbiota disturbed, especially significant modulation of Peptostreptococcaceae. XYS significantly regulated nine kidney metabolites, while SG and JP regulated four and five differential metabolites, respectively, indicating that the two efficacy groups synergistically exhibited anti-depression effects, consequently contributing to the overall anti-depression effects of XYS. CONCLUSION The current findings not only innovatively demonstrate the anti-depression effects and compatibility of XYS from the perspective of "gut-liver-kidney" axis, comprehensively using "Efficacy Group" strategy, macro behavioristics, metabolome and microbiome, and also provide a new perspective, strategy, and methodology for studying complex diseases and the compatibility of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Senyan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
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Xu F, Xie Q, Kuang W, Dong Z. Interactions Between Antidepressants and Intestinal Microbiota. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:359-371. [PMID: 36881351 PMCID: PMC10121977 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been shown to influence human health and diseases, including depression. The interactions between drugs and intestinal microbiota are complex and highly relevant to treat diseases. Studies have shown an interaction between antidepressants and intestinal microbiota. Antidepressants may alter the abundance and composition of intestinal microbiota, which are closely related to the treatment outcomes of depression. Intestinal microbiota can influence the metabolism of antidepressants to change their availability (e.g., tryptophan can be metabolized to kynurenine by intestinal microbiota) and regulate their absorption by affecting intestinal permeability. In addition, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier can be altered by intestinal microbiota, influencing antidepressants to reach the central nervous system. Bioaccumulation is also a type of drug-microbiota interaction, which means bacteria accumulate drugs without biotransformation. These findings imply that it is important to consider intestinal microbiota when evaluating antidepressant therapy regimens and that intestinal microbiota can be a potential target for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Xu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinglian Xie
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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29
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Xiong Gao A, Chen-Xi Xia T, Peng ZT, Wu QY, Zhu Y, Ting-Xia Dong T, Wah-Keung Tsim K. The ethanolic extract of peanut shell attenuates the depressive-like behaviors of mice through modulation of inflammation and gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112765. [PMID: 37120215 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Peanut shell is an agricultural byproduct being wasted on a large scale, which is in urgent need to be recycled. To fully utilize its pharmacological ingredients, e.g. luteolin, eriodyctiol, and 5,7-dihydroxychromone, we evaluated the curative effect of ethanol extract deriving from peanut shell (PSE) in treating chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice. The chronic stress lasted for 10 weeks, and PSE at 100-900 mg/kg/day was gavaged to mice in the last 2 weeks of modeling. The depressive behaviors were assessed by analyses of sucrose preference, tail suspension, and forced swimming. The brain injury was demonstrated by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Nissl body, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) stainings in the mouse hippocampus. Biochemical indicators were analyzed, including levels of neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, stress hormones, and inflammatory mediators. The feces were collected for the 16S rDNA sequencing of gut microbiome. Administration of PSE improved the sucrose water consumption of depressive mice, while it decreased the immobile time in tail suspension and forced swimming tests. Meanwhile, the anti-depressive effect of PSE was supported by ameliorated histochemical staining, increased levels of neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters, as well as down-regulated stress hormones. Furthermore, the treatment of PSE was able to mitigate the levels of inflammatory cytokines in brain, serum, and small intestine. Besides, the tight junction proteins, e.g., occludin and ZO-1, of gut showed elevated expressions, which coincided with the elevated abundance and diversity of gut microbiota upon PSE treatment. This study validated the therapeutic efficacy of PSE in fighting against depression, as well as its modulatory action on inflammation and gut microbiota, which promoted the recycling of this agricultural waste to be health supplements of added value.
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30
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Liang X, Li X, Jin Y, Wang Y, Wei C, Zhu Z. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Intestinal Microbiota with Amino Acids and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Methamphetamine-Induced Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030361. [PMID: 36984800 PMCID: PMC10055719 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes in intestinal homeostasis and metabolism in mice after methamphetamine (MA) administration and exercise intervention. In this study, male C57BL/B6J mice were selected to establish a model of methamphetamine-induced addiction, and the gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and amino acid levels were assessed by 16S rRNA, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that 23 dominant microbiota, 12 amino acids, and 1 SCFA were remarkably higher and 9 amino acids and 6 SCFAs were remarkably lower in the exercise model group than in the control group. Among the top 10 markers with opposite trends between the exercise intervention group and model group, the differential microbiomes included Oscillibacter, Alloprevotella, Colidextribacter, Faecalibaculum, Uncultured, Muribaculaceae, and Negativibacillus; amino acids included proline; and SCFAs included isovaleric acid and pentanoic acid. Proline was negatively correlated with Negativibacillus and positively correlated with pentanoic acid. The results suggested that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may modulate changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and the levels of amino acids and SCFAs induced by MA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-5014-6822
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changling Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
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31
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Lan Q, Lian Y, Peng P, Yang L, Zhao H, Huang P, Ma H, Wei H, Yin Y, Liu M. Association of gut microbiota and SCFAs with finishing weight of Diannan small ear pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117965. [PMID: 36778880 PMCID: PMC9911695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Finishing weight is a key economic trait in the domestic pig industry. Evidence has linked the gut microbiota and SCFAs to health and production performance in pigs. Nevertheless, for Diannan small ear (DSE) pigs, a specific pig breed in China, the potential effect of gut microbiota and SCFAs on their finishing weight remains unclear. Herein, based on the data of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and metagenomic sequencing analysis, we found that 13 OTUs could be potential biomarkers and 19 microbial species were associated with finishing weight. Among these, carbohydrate-decomposing bacteria of the families Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Prevotellaceae were positively related to finishing weight, whereas the microbial taxa associated with intestinal inflammation and damage exhibited opposite effects. In addition, interactions of these microbial species were found to be linked with finishing weight for the first time. Gut microbial functional annotation analysis indicated that CAZymes, such as glucosidase and glucanase could significantly affect finishing weight, given their roles in increasing nutrient absorption efficiency. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthologies (KOs) and KEGG pathways analysis indicated that glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, phosphotransferase system (PTS), secondary bile acid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, sulfur metabolism, and one carbon pool by folate could act as key factors in regulating finishing weight. Additionally, SCFA levels, especially acetate and butyrate, had pivotal impacts on finishing weight. Finishing weight-associated species Prevotella sp. RS2, Ruminococcus sp. AF31-14BH and Lactobacillus pontis showed positive associations with butyrate concentration, and Paraprevotella xylaniphila and Bacteroides sp. OF04-15BH were positively related to acetate level. Taken together, our study provides essential knowledge for manipulating gut microbiomes to improve finishing weight. The underlying mechanisms of how gut microbiome and SCFAs modulate pigs' finishing weight required further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuju Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Peiya Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Yulong Yin, ✉
| | - Mei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan, China,Mei Liu, ✉
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32
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Li Y, Chen Y, Fan Y, Chen Y, Chen Y. Dynamic network modeling of gut microbiota during Alzheimer's disease progression in mice. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2172672. [PMID: 36724123 PMCID: PMC9897752 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2172672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intimate association between the gut microbiota (GM) and the central nervous system points to potential intervention strategies for neurological diseases. Nevertheless, there is currently no theoretical framework for selecting the window period and target bacteria for GM interventions owing to the complexity of the gut microecosystem. In this study, we constructed a complex network-based modeling approach to evaluate the topological features of the GM and infer the window period and bacterial candidates for GM interventions. We used Alzheimer's disease (AD) as an example and traced the GM dynamic changes in AD and wild-type mice at one, two, three, six, and nine months of age. The results revealed alterations of the topological features of the GM from a scale-free network into a random network during AD progression, indicating severe GM disequilibrium at the late stage of AD. Through stability and vulnerability assessments of the GM networks, we identified the third month after birth as the optimal window period for GM interventions in AD mice. Further computational simulations and robustness evaluations determined that the hub bacteria were potential candidates for GM interventions. Moreover, our GM functional analysis suggested that Lachnospiraceae UCG-001 - the hub and enriched bacterium in AD mice - was the keystone bacterium for GM interventions owing to its contributions to quinolinic acid synthesis. In conclusion, this study established a complex network-based modeling approach as a practical strategy for disease interventions from the perspective of the gut microecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhu Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China,CONTACT Yu Chen Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Li J, Qu W, Hu C, Liu Z, Yan H. Antidepressants amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoyaosan caused alterations in gut DNA virome composition and function in rats exposed chronic unpredictable mild stress. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1132403. [PMID: 37125190 PMCID: PMC10140408 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1132403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In clinical practice, antidepressant drugs are widely used to treat depression. Previous studies have attention to the impact of antidepressants on the bacterial microbiome, while the role of these drugs in the gut virome is still unclear. Methods In this study, we estimated the effects of antidepressant amitriptyline (Ami), fluoxetine (Flu), and traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoyaosan (XYS) administration on gut viral composition and function in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression rat model based on shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Results The results showed that treatment with Ami, Flu, and XYS significantly changed the gut viral composition compared with the CUMS-induced rats. At the family level, the abundance of f_unclassified_Caudovirales in CUMS rats was remarkably lower than in the HC rats, nevertheless, XYS significantly recovered the abundance of Caudovirales. Meanwhile, the abundance of Podoviridae was expanded in CUMS rats compared with the HC rats, and the profile was then significantly reduced after XYS treatment. Furthermore, both antidepressants and XYS increased the abundance of Siphoviridae compared with the CUMS rats, but only Ami treatments had significant differences. Subsequent function annotation further implied that Ami, Flu, and XYS showed to involve an alteration of the diverse viral functions, such as carbohydrate metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, community-prokaryotes, translation, and neurodegenerative disease. Additionally, the co-occurrence network displayed that there are complex interactions between viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) represented by temperate phages and the majority of bacterial genera in the intestine ecosystem. Conclusion Our study proved for the first time that depression is characterized by massive alterations and functional distortion of the gut viruses, and after oral administration of Ami, Flu, and XYS could affect disordered gut virome, which could be a novel target in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan Qu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zongbao Liu
- Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zongbao Liu,
| | - He Yan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
- He Yan,
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34
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Hue JJ, Graor HJ, Zarei M, Katayama ES, Ji K, Hajihassani O, Loftus AW, Vaziri-Gohar A, Winter JM. IDO1 Is a Therapeutic Target for Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Depression. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1810-1822. [PMID: 36190971 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites of tryptophan degradation are known to alter mood. Their effects have only been superficially examined in the context of pancreatic cancer. Herein, we study the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an enzyme important in the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine, in a murine model of pancreatic cancer-associated depression. Behavioral tests (open field, forced swim, tail suspension, and elevated plus maze) and biochemical assays (LC-MS metabolomics) were used to characterize a depressive-phenotype in tumor-bearing mice (relative to non-tumor-bearing mice). In addition, we determine whether pharmacologic blockade of IDO1 affects mood in tumor-bearing mice. Immunocompetent mice bearing orthotopic pancreatic tumors exhibit depressive-like behavior relative to non-tumor-bearing mice. Pancreatic tumors strongly express IDO1. Consequently, serum kynurenine levels in tumor-bearing mice are elevated relative to non-tumor-bearing mice. Tumor-bearing mice treated with epacadostat, an IDO1 inhibitor, exhibited improved mood relative to mice receiving vehicle. There was a 95% reduction in serum kynurenine levels in mice receiving epacadostat relative to mice treated with vehicle. As confirmatory evidence of on-target activity, tumors of mice treated with epacadostat exhibited a compensatory increase in IDO1 protein levels. Escitalopram, an approved antidepressant, was ineffective at improving mood in tumor-bearing mice as measured by behavioral assays and did not affect kynurenine levels. Neither epacadostat, nor escitalopram, affected overall survival relative to vehicle. Mice with pancreatic cancer exhibit depressive-like behavior. Epacadostat was effective as an antidepressant for pancreatic cancer-associated depression in mice. These data offer a rationale to consider IDO1 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate depressive symptoms in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Hue
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hallie J Graor
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mehrdad Zarei
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Karen Ji
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Omid Hajihassani
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alexander W Loftus
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ali Vaziri-Gohar
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jordan M Winter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Oral Administration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting the Inflammatory Response and Regulating the Gut Microbiota in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235065. [PMID: 36501095 PMCID: PMC9739883 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that serves as a common pathogenic underpinning for various cardiovascular diseases. Although high circulating branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels may represent a risk factor for AS, it is unclear whether dietary BCAA supplementation causes elevated levels of circulating BCAAs and hence influences AS, and the related mechanisms are not well understood. Here, ApoE-deficient mice (ApoE-/-) were fed a diet supplemented with or without BCAAs to investigate the effects of BCAAs on AS and determine potential related mechanisms. In this study, compared with the high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet supplemented with BCAAs (HFB) reduced the atherosclerotic lesion area and caused a significant decrease in serum cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. BCAA supplementation suppressed the systemic inflammatory response by reducing macrophage infiltration; lowering serum levels of inflammatory factors, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); and suppressing inflammatory related signaling pathways. Furthermore, BCAA supplementation altered the gut bacterial beta diversity and composition, especially reducing harmful bacteria and increasing probiotic bacteria, along with increasing bile acid (BA) excretion. In addition, the levels of total BAs, primary BAs, 12α-hydroxylated bile acids (12α-OH BAs) and non-12α-hydroxylated bile acids (non-12α-OH BAs) in cecal and colonic contents were increased in the HFB group of mice compared with the HFD group. Overall, these data indicate that dietary BCAA supplementation can attenuate atherosclerosis induced by HFD in ApoE-/- mice through improved dyslipidemia and inflammation, mechanisms involving the intestinal microbiota, and promotion of BA excretion.
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Detection of the role of intestinal flora and tryptophan metabolism involved in antidepressant-like actions of crocetin based on a multi-omics approach. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3657-3677. [PMID: 36169685 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Depression is a serious mood disorder, and crocetin has a variety of pharmacological activities, including antidepressant effect. The alterations of intestinal flora have a significant correlation with depression, and crocetin can alter the composition of intestinal flora in mice with depression-like behaviors. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the underlying antidepressant mechanisms of crocetin through multi-omics coupled with biochemical technique validation. METHODS Chronic unpredictable stress (CUMS) was used to induce mice model of depression to evaluate the antidepressant effect of crocetin through behavioral tests, and the metagenomic and metabolomic were used to explore the potential mechanisms involved. In order to verify its underlying mechanism, western blot (WB), Elisa, immune histological and HPLC techniques were used to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines and the level of metabolites/proteins related to tryptophan metabolism in crocetin-treated mice. RESULTS Crocetin ameliorated depression-like behaviors and increased mobility in depressive mice induced by CUMS. Metagenomic results showed that crocetin regulated the structure of intestinal flora, as well as significantly regulated the function gene related to derangements in energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism in mice with depression-like behaviors. Metabolomic results showed that the tryptophan metabolism, arginine metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism played an essential role in exerting antidepressant-like effect of crocetin. According to multi-omics approaches and validation results, tryptophan metabolism and inflammation were identified and validated as valuable biological processes involved in the antidepressant effects of crocetin. Crocetin regulated the tryptophan metabolism in mice with depression-like behaviors, including increased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression, reduced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and serotonin transporter (SERT) expression in the hippocampus, elevated the content of 5-HT, kynurenic acid in serum and 5-HT, tryptophan in hippocampus. In addition, crocetin also attenuated inflammation in mice with depression-like behaviors, which presented with reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines in serum and colon. Meanwhile, crocetin up-regulated the expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin in ileum and colon to repair the intestinal barrier for preventing inflammation transfer. CONCLUSION Our findings clarify that crocetin exerted antidepressant effects through its anti-inflammation, repairment of intestinal barrier, modulatory on the intestinal flora and metabolic disorders, which further regulated tryptophan metabolism and impacted mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway to enhance neural plasticity, thereby protect neural.
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Dong Z, Xie Q, Xu F, Shen X, Hao Y, Li J, Xu H, Peng Q, Kuang W. Neferine alleviates chronic stress-induced depression by regulating monoamine neurotransmitter secretion and gut microbiota structure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:974949. [PMID: 36120376 PMCID: PMC9479079 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neferine (Nef) might possess anti-depressive properties; however, its therapeutic effects are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the anti-depressant property of Nef using a mouse model of chronic stress-induced depression. Fifteen depression-prone mice were randomly selected and divided into three groups, namely, the model, Nef, and fluoxetine (Flu) groups. We observed that in tail suspension and forced swimming tests, the Nef and Flu treatments significantly decreased the immobility time of the depressed mice, and increased their sucrose preference indices. Moreover, both Nef and Flu treatments induced significant increases in the levels of anti-depressant neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE), and also reduced pathological damage to the hippocampus of the depressed mice. Incidentally, Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis demonstrated that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestinal microbiota of depressed mice was restored after Nef/Flu treatment. Moreover, colonic Lactobacillus abundance was positively correlated with the levels of DA, 5-HT, and NE in the hippocampus of the mice. In conclusion, Nef improved monoamine neurotransmitter secretion and modulated the intestinal flora structure, particularly the abundance of Lactobacillus. Hence, it showed considerable anti-depressant potential, and might be a prospective anti-depressant therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinglian Xie
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiyu Xu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Shen
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanni Hao
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haizhen Xu
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Peng, ; Weihong Kuang,
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Peng, ; Weihong Kuang,
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Oliveira MET, Paulino GVB, Dos Santos Júnior ED, da Silva Oliveira FA, Melo VMM, Ursulino JS, de Aquino TM, Shetty AK, Landell MF, Gitaí DLG. Multi-omic Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Rats with Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6429-6446. [PMID: 35962889 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports that the gut microbiota and bacteria-dependent metabolites influence the maintenance of epileptic brain activity. However, the alterations in the gut microbiota between epileptic versus healthy individuals are poorly understood. We used a multi-omic approach to evaluate the changes in the composition of gut metagenome as well in the fecal metabolomic profile in rats before and after being submitted to status epilepticus (SE)-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing of fecal samples coupled to bioinformatic analysis revealed taxonomic, compositional, and functional shifts in epileptic rats. The species richness (Chao1 index) was significantly lower in the post-TLE group, and the β-diversity analysis revealed clustering separated from the pre-TLE group. The taxonomic abundance analysis showed a significant increase of phylum Desulfobacterota and a decrease of Patescibacteria in the post-TLE group. The DESEq2 and LEfSe analysis resulted in 18 genera significantly enriched between post-TLE and pre-TLE groups at the genus level. We observed that epileptic rats present a peculiar metabolic phenotype, including a lower concentration of D-glucose and L-lactic acid and a higher concentration of L-glutamic acid and glycine. The microbiota-host metabolic correlation analysis showed that the genera differentially abundant in post-TLE rats are associated with the altered metabolites, especially the proinflammatory Desulfovibrio and Marvinbryantia, which were enriched in epileptic animals and positively correlated with these excitatory neurotransmitters and carbohydrate metabolites. Therefore, our data revealed a correlation between dysbacteriosis in epileptic animals and fecal metabolites that are known to be relevant for maintaining epileptic brain activity by enhancing chronic inflammation, an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance, and/or a metabolic disturbance. These data are promising and suggest that targeting the gut microbiota could provide a novel avenue for preventing and treating acquired epilepsy. However, the causal relationship between these microbial/metabolite components and the SRS occurrence still needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda T Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo V B Paulino
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity (LDM), Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Erivaldo D Dos Santos Júnior
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Francisca A da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology (Lembiotech), Department of Biology, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Vânia M M Melo
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology (Lembiotech), Department of Biology, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S Ursulino
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NAPRMN, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago M de Aquino
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NAPRMN, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Fontes Landell
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity (LDM), Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Leite Góes Gitaí
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
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Dong Z, Shen X, Hao Y, Li J, Xu H, Yin L, Kuang W. Gut microbiome: A potential indicator for predicting treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:813075. [PMID: 35937875 PMCID: PMC9354493 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.813075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic outcomes in major depressive disorder (MDD), one of the most common and heterogeneous mental illnesses, are affected by factors that remain unclear and often yield unsatisfactory results. Herein, we characterized the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota of patients with MDD during antidepressant treatment, based on 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics. The microbial signatures at baseline differed significantly between responder and non-responder groups. The gut microbiota of the non-responder group was mainly characterized by increased relative abundances of the phylum Actinobacteria, families Christensenellaceae and Eggerthellaceae, and genera Adlercreutzia and Christensenellaceae R7 group compared to that of the responder group. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition of the responder and non-responder groups differed significantly before and after treatment, especially at the genus level. Moreover, 20 differential metabolites between the responder and non-responder groups were identified that were mainly involved in lipid metabolism (cholestane steroids and steroid esters). Eggerthellaceae and Adlercreutzia displayed strong co-occurrence relationships with certain metabolites, suggesting alternations in the gut microbiome, and associated metabolites may be potential mediators of successful antidepressant treatment. Overall, our study demonstrates that alterations in gut microbiota composition and metabolic function might be relevant to the response to antidepressants, thereby providing insight into mechanisms responsible for their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Shen
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanni Hao
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haizhen Xu
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yin
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Weihong Kuang,
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Lu X, Qi C, Zheng J, Sun M, Jin L, Sun J. The Antidepressant Effect of Deoiled Sunflower Seeds on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Mice Through Regulation of Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:908297. [PMID: 35859751 PMCID: PMC9289741 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.908297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sunflower seeds provide tryptophan-rich proteins with the potential to protect against depression. Tryptophan is a precursor of serotonin and a substrate for the production of indole derivatives by gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the association between the depression-alleviating effects of deoiled and dechlorogenic sunflower seeds (DSFS) and regulation of gut microbiota. Materials and Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet comprising a source of soy protein (normal and model control), DSFS or whey protein concentrate (positive control) for 7 weeks, and chronic stress-induced depression was induced. Results Feeding the DSFS diet prevented depression-like behaviors, intestinal barrier damage, elevated plasma corticosterone, and reduced hippocampal serotonin levels in mice. Meanwhile, Feeding the DSFS diet significantly altered the gut microbiota structure, characterized by elevated relative abundances of Ileibacterium valens, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Clostridium scindens, and Olsenella massiliensis, which were inversely associated with depressive behaviors and markers of mucosal barrier damage. DSFS also altered the gut metabolite profile, prevented depression-induced gut L-tryptophan depletion, and upregulated its metabolite indoleacetaldehyde. Conclusion Feeding the DSFS diet prevented depression in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota and bacterial tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Lu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- National R&D Center for Nuts Processing Technology, Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Ce Qi
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- National R&D Center for Nuts Processing Technology, Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Mei Sun
- National R&D Center for Nuts Processing Technology, Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Long Jin
- National R&D Center for Nuts Processing Technology, Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd., Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Long Jin,
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Jin Sun,
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Miao S, Tang W, Li H, Li B, Yang C, Xie W, Wang T, Bai W, Gong Z, Dong Z, Yu S. Repeated inflammatory dural stimulation-induced cephalic allodynia causes alteration of gut microbial composition in rats. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:71. [PMID: 35752773 PMCID: PMC9233368 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbial dysbiosis and gut-brain axis dysfunction have been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. However, it is unclear whether migraine-related cephalic allodynia could induce the alteration of gut microbial composition. METHODS A classic migraine rat model was established by repeated dural infusions of inflammatory soup (IS). Periorbital mechanical threshold and nociception-related behaviors were used to evaluate IS-induced cephalic allodynia and the preventive effect of topiramate. The alterations in gut microbial composition and potential metabolic pathways were investigated based on the results of 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiota-related short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites were detected and quantified by mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Repeated dural IS infusions induced cephalic allodynia (decreased mechanical threshold), migraine-like behaviors (increased immobility time and reduced moving distance), and microbial composition alteration, which were ameliorated by the treatment of topiramate. Decreased Lactobacillus was the most prominent biomarker genus in the IS-induced alteration of microbial composition. Additionally, IS infusions also enhanced metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota in butanoate, propanoate, and tryptophan, while the increased tryptophan-related metabolites indole-3-acetamide and tryptophol in feces could be the indicators. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory dural stimulation-induced cephalic allodynia causes the alterations of gut microbiota profile and microbial metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Miao
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bozhi Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Bai
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihua Gong
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Eltokhi A, Sommer IE. A Reciprocal Link Between Gut Microbiota, Inflammation and Depression: A Place for Probiotics? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:852506. [PMID: 35546876 PMCID: PMC9081810 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.852506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a severe mental disorder that places a significant economic burden on public health. The reciprocal link between the trillions of bacteria in the gut, the microbiota, and depression is a controversial topic in neuroscience research and has drawn the attention of public interest and press coverage in recent years. Mounting pieces of evidence shed light on the role of the gut microbiota in depression, which is suggested to involve immune, endocrine, and neural pathways that are the main components of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota play major roles in brain development and physiology and ultimately behavior. The bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and brain function has been extensively explored in animal models of depression and clinical research in humans. Certain gut microbiota strains have been associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, oral intake of probiotics, the beneficial living bacteria and yeast, may represent a therapeutic approach for depression treatment. In this review, we summarize the findings describing the possible links between the gut microbiota and depression, focusing mainly on the inflammatory markers and sex hormones. By discussing preclinical and clinical studies on probiotics as a supplementary therapy for depression, we suggest that probiotics may be beneficial in alleviating depressive symptoms, possibly through immune modulation. Still, further comprehensive studies are required to draw a more solid conclusion regarding the efficacy of probiotics and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eltokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Shoubridge AP, Choo JM, Martin AM, Keating DJ, Wong ML, Licinio J, Rogers GB. The gut microbiome and mental health: advances in research and emerging priorities. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1908-1919. [PMID: 35236957 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts a considerable influence on human neurophysiology and mental health. Interactions between intestinal microbiology and host regulatory systems have now been implicated both in the development of psychiatric conditions and in the efficacy of many common therapies. With the growing acceptance of the role played by the gut microbiome in mental health outcomes, the focus of research is now beginning to shift from identifying relationships between intestinal microbiology and pathophysiology, and towards using this newfound insight to improve clinical outcomes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of gut microbiome-brain interactions, the mechanistic underpinnings of these relationships, and the ongoing challenge of distinguishing association and causation. We set out an overarching model of the evolution of microbiome-CNS interaction and examine how a growing knowledge of these complex systems can be used to determine disease susceptibility and reduce risk in a targeted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Shoubridge
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Alyce M Martin
- Neuroscience, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Neuroscience, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Julio Licinio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia. .,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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Bai S, Bai H, Li D, Zhong Q, Xie J, Chen JJ. Gut Microbiota-Related Inflammation Factors as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:831186. [PMID: 35372107 PMCID: PMC8965553 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.831186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although many works have been done, the objectively measured diagnostic biomarkers are not available. Thus, we conducted this study to identify potential biomarkers for objectively diagnosing depression and explore the role of gut microbiota in the onset of depression. Methods Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (n=56) and demographic data-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n=56) were included in this study. The gut microbiota in fecal samples and inflammation-related factors in serum were measured. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the differential gut microbiota and inflammation-related factors. Results Finally, 46 differential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (60.9% OTUs belonging to Firmicutes) and ten differential inflammation-related factors were identified. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between 14 differential OTUs (9 OTUs belonging to Firmicutes and 5 OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae under Firmicutes) and seven differential inflammation-related factors. Meanwhile, 14 differential OTUs (9 OTUs belonging to Firmicutes and 5 OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae under Firmicutes) and five differential inflammation-related factors (adiponectin, apolipoprotein A1, alpha 1-antitrypsin, neutrophilicgranulocyte count/white blood cell count and basophil count) were significantly correlated to depression severity. A panel consisting of these five differential inflammation-related factors could effectively diagnose MDD patients from HCs. Conclusions Our results suggested that Firmicutes, especially family Lachnospiraceae, might play a role in the onset of depression via affecting the inflammation levels of host, and these five differential inflammation-related factors could be potential biomarkers for objectively diagnosing MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huili Bai
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Detao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-jun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-jun Chen,
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Herselman MF, Bailey S, Bobrovskaya L. The Effects of Stress and Diet on the "Brain-Gut" and "Gut-Brain" Pathways in Animal Models of Stress and Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042013. [PMID: 35216133 PMCID: PMC8875876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence is building for the involvement of the complex, bidirectional communication axis between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. With depression projected to be the number one health concern by 2030 and its pathophysiology yet to be fully elucidated, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between environmental factors, such as stress and diet, with the neurobiology of depression is needed. In this review, the latest research on the effects of stress on the bidirectional connections between the brain and the gut across the most widely used animal models of stress and depression is summarised, followed by comparisons of the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota across animal models of stress and depression with possible implications for the gut–brain axis and the impact of dietary changes on these. The composition of the gut microbiota was consistently altered across the animal models investigated, although differences between each of the studies and models existed. Chronic stressors appeared to have negative effects on both brain and gut health, while supplementation with prebiotics and/or probiotics show promise in alleviating depression pathophysiology.
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Chang L, Wei Y, Hashimoto K. Brain Research Bulletin: Special Issue: Brain–body communication in health and diseases, Brain–gut–microbiota axis in depression: A historical overview and future directions. Brain Res Bull 2022; 182:44-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Luo X, Huang X, Luo Z, Wang Z, He G, Tan Y, Zhang B, Zhou H, Li P, Shen T, Yu X, Yang X. Electromagnetic field exposure-induced depression features could be alleviated by heat acclimation based on remodeling the gut microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112980. [PMID: 34794024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic pollution cannot be ignored. Long-term low-dose electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure can cause central nervous system dysfunction without effective prevention. MATERIALS/METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice (6-8 weeks, 17-20 g) were used in this study. Depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors detected by behavioral experiments were compared among different treatments. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics were used to explore the relationship between EMF exposure and heat acclimation (HA) effects on gut microbes and serum metabolites. RESULTS Both EMF and HA regulated the proportions of p_Firmicutes and p_Bacteroidota. EMF exposure caused the proportions of 6 kinds of bacteria, such as g_Butyricicoccus and g_Anaerotruncus, to change significantly (p < 0.05). HA restored the balance of gut microbes that was affected by EMF exposure and the proportion of probiotics (g_Lactobacillus) increased significantly (p < 0.01). Serum metabolite analysis suggested that HA alleviated the disturbance of serum metabolites (such as cholesterol and D-mannose) induced by EMF exposure. Both the metabolic KEGG pathways and PICRUSt functional analysis demonstrated that tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis were involved. CONCLUSIONS EMF exposure not only led to depression-like neurobehavioral disorders, but also to gut microbiota imbalance. HA alleviated the depression features caused by EMF exposure. Based on the analysis of gut microbiota associated with serum metabolites, we speculated that gut microbiota might play a vital role in the cross-tolerance provided by HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zeze Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Genlin He
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yulong Tan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xueting Yu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuesen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Takahashi E, Ono E. Differential effects of different diets on depressive-like phenotypes in C57BL/JJmsSLc mice. Physiol Behav 2021; 243:113623. [PMID: 34653499 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Identical mouse models tested using the same protocols in different laboratories can produce inconsistent results. Indeed, little information is available regarding suitable diets for mouse models of disease in the field of neuroscience. Thus, neuroscientists often select experimental diets based on personal judgment. Recent studies have reported a strong interaction between depression and gut microbiota. Furthermore, diets can impact the composition of the microbiota. To confirm whether diet influences the phenotype and gut microbiota of depressive mice, we examined the effects of two widely used commercial diets, non-purified (CRF-1) and semi-purified (AIN-93 G) commercial diets on behavior, plasma levels of corticosterone, and cecum microbiota at 1 and 5 weeks after restraint in repeatedly restrained mice. Exposure to repeated stress induced similar depression-like phenotypes 1 week after stress in CRF-1 and AIN-93 G fed mice. However, mice fed the AIN-93 G diet showed greater vulnerability than the others 5 weeks after restraint. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and α-diversity were lower in the cecum at 5 weeks after stress in mice fed the AIN-93 G diet compared to 1 week after stress in mice fed the AIN-93 G diet. These data suggest that diet type affects stress sensitivity via different gut microbiota and that diet selection is important in neuroscience research and data reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Takahashi
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Etsuro Ono
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Liu X, Teng T, Li X, Fan L, Xiang Y, Jiang Y, Du K, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Xie P. Impact of Inosine on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive and Anxiety-Like Behaviors With the Alteration of Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:697640. [PMID: 34595128 PMCID: PMC8476956 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.697640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antidepressants do not confer a clear advantage in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence highlights the potential antidepressant-like effects of inosine on adult MDD, and gut microbiomes are significantly associated with MDD via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, few studies have investigated possible associations between inosine and gut microbiota in adolescents with MDD. The current study investigated the potential antidepressant effects of inosine in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice. After 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation, the mice were assessed by body weight, the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test, and the elevated plus maze (EPM). The microbiota compositions of feces were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Inosine significantly improved CUMS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice including SPT and EPM results. Fecal microbial composition differed in the CON+saline, CUMS+saline, and CUMS+inosine groups, which were characterized by 126 discriminative amplicon sequence variants belonging to Bacteroidetes and Firmicute at the phylum level and Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae at the family level. Muribaculaceae was positively associated with depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. KEGG functional analysis suggested that inosine might affect gut microbiota through carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. The results of the study indicated that inosine improved depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice, in conjunction with the alteration of fecal microbial composition. Our findings may provide a novel perspective on the antidepressant effects of inosine in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Du
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
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