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Liu X, Li M, Jian C, Qin X. Characterization of "microbiome-metabolome-immunity" in depressed rats with divergent responses to Paroxetine. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:201-213. [PMID: 38346646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line anti-depressants. Unfortunately, about 30 % depressed patients do not effectively respond to SSRIs. It is still unclear that the gastrointestinal characteristics of responders and non-responders, and the differences. METHODS Herein, we characterized gut microbiome and metabolome of depressed rats with differential responses to Paroxetine (PX) by 16S rRNA sequencing and 1H NMR-based metabolomics, respectively. On top of this, we constructed both inter- and inner-layer networks, intuitively showing the correlations among behavioral indicators, immune factors, intestinal bacteria, and differential metabolites. RESULTS Consequently, we found that depressed rats differently responded to PX, which could be divided into PX responsive (PX-R) and non-responsive (PX-N) groups. Firstly, the depressive behaviors of PX-R rats and PX-N rats significantly differed. Meanwhile, inflammatory balance was also characterized for depressed rats with different responses to PX. Overall, PX-R rats and PX-N rats exhibited differential gut microbiome and metabolome, including intestinal structures, intestinal functions, metabolic profiles, metabolites, and metabolic pathways. LIMITATIONS Metabolites that identified by metabolomics based on 1H NMR are not comprehensive enough. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study demonstrated that gut microbiome and metabolome, as well as related functions, are of significance in differential responses of depressed rats to PX, which might be novel insights in uncovering the mechanisms of differences in efficacies of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Mengyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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2
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Ji G, Zhang J, Feng X, Sheng H, Hu H, Li F, Ma Y, Hu Y, Na R, Yang W, Ma Y. Analysis of blood biochemistry and non-targeted metabolomics of endometritis in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 264:107460. [PMID: 38564886 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of bovine endometritis, which has a negative impact on the reproduction of dairy cows, has been recently increasing. In this study, the differential markers and metabolites of healthy cows and cows with endometritis were analyzed by measuring blood biochemical indicators and immune factors using biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits combined with nontargeted metabolomics. The LC-QTOF platform was used to evaluate the serum metabolomics of healthy cows and cows with endometritis after 21-27 days of calving. The results showed that glucose, free fatty acid, calcium, sodium, albumin, and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in the serum of cows with endometritis than in healthy cows (P < 0.05). However, the serum potassium, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor levels were significantly higher in cows with endometritis (P < 0.05). In addition, the serum metabolome data analysis of the two groups showed that the expression of 468 metabolites was significantly different (P < 0.05), of which 291 were upregulated and 177 were downregulated. These metabolites were involved in 78 metabolic pathways, including amino acid, nucleotide, carbohydrate, lipid, and vitamin metabolism pathways; signal transduction pathways, and other biological pathways. Taken together, negative energy balance and immune activation, which are related to local abnormalities in amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism, were the important causes of endometritis in dairy cows. Metabolites such as glucose, carnosine, dehydroascorbic acid, L-malic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid, and UDP-glucose may be used as key indicators in the hematological diagnosis and treatment of endometritis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Junxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Fen Li
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yamei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Rina Na
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Wenfei Yang
- Ningxia Xin' ao Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Lingwu 750406, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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3
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Wang C, Zhu Y, Pan D. Identifying the causal relationship between immune factors and osteonecrosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9371. [PMID: 38654114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A wealth of evidence intimates a profound connection between the immune system and osteonecrosis, albeit the specific immune factors underlying this connection remain largely veiled. A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted based on genome-wide association study summary data to identify causal links between 731 immune factors and osteonecrosis including drug-induced osteonecrosis. Preliminary MR analysis was accomplished utilizing the inverse-variance weighted method under a multiplicative random effects model, and heterogeneity and potential horizontal pleiotropy were evaluated through Cochrane's Q-test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out analysis. Upon false discovery rate correction, the gene-predicted level of one immune factor (CD62L - monocyte %monocyte) exhibited a significant positive correlation with osteonecrosis, while eight immune traits associated with monocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells demonstrated significant causal effects with drug-induced osteonecrosis. Reverse MR revealed no significant correlations. This MR research provides genetic evidence for the causal associations between a broad spectrum of immune factors and osteonecrosis. Such a study aids in unraveling the intricate interaction patterns between the immune and skeletal systems, elucidating the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis, and identifying potential novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ding Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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4
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Kimmel MC, Verosky B, Chen HJ, Davis O, Gur TL. The Maternal Microbiome as a Map to Understanding the Impact of Prenatal Stress on Offspring Psychiatric Health. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:300-309. [PMID: 38042328 PMCID: PMC10884954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Stress and psychiatric disorders have been independently associated with disruption of the maternal and offspring microbiome and with increased risk of the offspring developing psychiatric disorders, both in clinical studies and in preclinical studies. However, the role of the microbiome in mediating the effect of prenatal stress on offspring behavior is unclear. While preclinical studies have identified several key mechanisms, clinical studies focusing on mechanisms are limited. In this review, we discuss 3 specific mechanisms by which the microbiome could mediate the effects of prenatal stress: 1) altered production of short-chain fatty acids; 2) disruptions in TH17 (T helper 17) cell differentiation, leading to maternal and fetal immune activation; and 3) perturbation of intestinal and microbial tryptophan metabolism and serotonergic signaling. Finally, we review the existing clinical literature focusing on these mechanisms and highlight the need for additional mechanistic clinical research to better understand the role of the microbiome in the context of prenatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Kimmel
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Branden Verosky
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Helen J Chen
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Olivia Davis
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Tamar L Gur
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Zhou B, Yang Y, Kang Y, Hou J, Yang Y. Targeting the macrophage immunocheckpoint: a novel insight into solid tumor immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:66. [PMID: 38273373 PMCID: PMC10809660 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy, which targets immune checkpoints, presents a promising strategy for the treatment of various cancer types. However, current clinical data indicate challenges in its application to solid tumors. Recent studies have revealed a significant correlation between the degree of immune response in immunotherapy and the tumor microenvironment, particularly with regard to tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Among these immune cells, macrophages, a critical component, are playing an increasingly vital role in tumor immunotherapy. This review focuses on elucidating the role of macrophages within solid tumors and provides an overview of the progress in immunotherapy approaches centered around modulating macrophage responses through various immune factors. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China.
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China.
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
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Liu S, Li J, Zhang M. Determination of immune factor levels in serum and local hematoma samples of osteoporotic fracture patients and clinical study of the effect of active vitamin D3 treatment on immune factor levels. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:291. [PMID: 37038178 PMCID: PMC10088267 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate changes in systemic and local immune factors, namely, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in patients with and without osteoporotic fractures and to explore the effects of active vitamin D3 treatment on immune function and fracture prognosis in patients with osteoporotic fractures. METHOD The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured before the operation. After the operation, the patients in the control group were treated with conventional fracture treatment and calcium supplementation, and the patients in the treatment group were treated with calcium plus active vitamin D3 in addition to conventional fracture treatment. The serum of each patient was collected on the seventh day after the operation. RESULTS The expression levels of the three immune factors (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the fracture end hematoma samples were significantly positively correlated with those in the serum samples (P < 0.05). The mean values of the serums of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the osteoporosis group were significantly higher than those in the non-osteoporosis group (P < 0.05). The average number of hematomas in the osteoporosis group was significantly higher than that in the non-osteoporosis group (P < 0.05). The results for the active vitamin D3 treatment group were significantly lower than those for the control group (P < 0.05). The mean wrist function score of the active vitamin D3 treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The average fracture healing time of the treatment group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The relative expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the fracture end hematoma samples was positively correlated with the corresponding levels of these immune factors in the serum samples. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum and fracture end hematoma samples of the osteoporotic fracture patients were higher than those of the non-osteoporotic fracture patients. Active vitamin D3 treatment promoted fracture healing by affecting the levels of these immune factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shengjing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shengjing, China.
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shengjing, China
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Yang ZJ, Wang TT, Wang BY, Gao H, He CW, Shang HW, Lu X, Wang Y, Xu JD. Deeper insight into the role of IL-17 in the relationship beween hypertension and intestinal physiology. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:14. [PMID: 36195874 PMCID: PMC9530412 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the incidence of hypertension increasing worldwide, more and more the mechanisms of hypertension from the perspective of immunity have found. Intestinal microbiota as well as its metabolites relationship with hypertension has attracted great attention from both clinicians and investigators. However, the associations of hypertension with lesions of a large number of immune factors including IL-17, MCP-1, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-10 and others have not been fully characterized. In this review, after introducing the immune factors as the most potent anti/pro-hypertension agents known, we provide detailed descriptions of the IL-17 involved in the pathology of hypertension, pointing out the underlying mechanisms and suggesting the clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Yang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XClinical Medicine of “5+3”program, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Ya Wang
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Shang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XMorphological Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XMorphological Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.414373.60000 0004 1758 1243Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Gherlan GS. Occult hepatitis B — the result of the host immune response interaction with different genomic expressions of the virus. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:5518-5530. [PMID: 35979101 PMCID: PMC9258381 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i17.5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With over 40 years of history, occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) continues to remain an important and challenging public health problem. Defined as the presence of replication-competent hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (i.e., episomal HBV covalently closed circular DNA) in the liver and/or HBV DNA in the blood of people who test negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in currently available assays, OBI is currently diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR assays. However, all efforts should be made to exclude a false negative HBsAg in order to completely follow the definition of OBI. In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding the HBV lifecycle and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the persistence of the virus in the occult form. These factors are mainly related to the host immune system and, to a smaller proportion, to the virus. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are important in HBV infection management, and epigenetic changes driven by host mechanisms (acetylation, methylation, and microRNA implication) are added to such actions. Although greater genetic variability in the S gene of HBV isolated from OBIs was found compared with overt infection, the mechanisms of OBI are not mainly viral mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sebastian Gherlan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 030303, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Dr. Victor Babes” Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest 030303, Romania
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Shetty SS, Padam KSR, Hunter KD, Kudva A, Radhakrishnan R. Biological implications of the immune factors in the tumour microenvironment of oral cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105294. [PMID: 34735925 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to decipher the biological implications of the immune factors in the tumour microenvironment in oral cancer. The restoration of balance between tumour tolerance and tumour eradication by the host immune cells is critical to provide effective therapeutic strategies. DESIGN The specific role of the stromal and the immune components in oral cancer was reviewed with a tailored search strategy using relevant keywords. The articles were retrieved from bibliometric databases indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. An in silico analysis was performed to identify potential drug candidates for immunotherapy, by accessing the Drug-Gene Interactions Database (DGIdb) using the rDGIdb package. RESULTS There is compelling evidence for the role of the cellular and extracellular components of the tumour microenvironment in inducing immunosuppression and progression of oral cancer. The druggable candidates specifically targeting the immune system are a viable option in the treatment of oral cancer as they can regulate the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSION A complex interaction between the tumour and the immunological microenvironment influences the disease outcome in oral cancer. Targeting specific components of the immune system might be relevant, as immunotherapy may become the new standard of care for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Sammith Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kanaka Sai Ram Padam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adarsh Kudva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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Abstract
Mother's own milk provides personalized nutrition and immune protection to the developing infant. The presence of healthy microbes plays an important role in the infant's gut by programming the microbiota and excluding potential pathogens. This review describes the important components in mother's own milk that contribute to its superiority for infant nutrition and suggest potential strategies to replicate these factors in alternative feedings when sufficient milk is unavailable. Current strategies to supplement, substitute and replicate mother's own milk including microbial restoration, use of unpasteurized donor human milk, probiotics and fortification are discussed. Critical work remains to be done in understanding the human milk microbiome and metabolome and in improving lactation support for mothers of preterm infants. Increasing delivery of mother's own milk and milk components to infants would likely positively impact infant mortality and health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evon DeBose-Scarlett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road Rm 307, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
| | - Marion M Bendixen
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, PO Box 100197, Gainesville, FL 32610-0197 USA.
| | - Graciela L Lorca
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road Rm 307, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
| | - Leslie Ann Parker
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, PO Box 100197, Gainesville, FL 32610-0197 USA.
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Mori M, Ito T, Washio R, Shibasaki Y, Namba A, Yabu T, Iwazaki D, Wada N, Anzai H, Shiba H, Nakanishi T, Mano N. Enhancement of immune proteins expression in skin mucus of Japanese flounder Paralicthys olivaceus upon feeding a diet supplemented with high concentration of ascorbic acid. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 114:20-27. [PMID: 33857621 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To search immune defense proteins in skin mucus of Japanese flounder fed with a diet containing high concentration of ascorbic acid, we carried out 2D-PAGE and compared the resolved pattern of proteins between control group that fed commercial diet and ascorbic acid supplemented group (AsA group) fed a diet supplemented with high concentration of ascorbic acid (2,000 mg/kg) for 7 days. The results revealed that there were many proteins exhibited distinct increase in AsA group. Among them, 6 regions that showed a dramatic elevation were chosen for protein identification using LC-MS/MS analysis and Mascot database search. Six proteins were identified, i.e. serotransferrin (Sero), transferrin (Trans), warm temperature acclimation-related 65 kDa protein (Wap65), complement component c3 (C3), hemoglobin beta-A chain (Hbß) and apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA level of Hbß in epidermis of AsA group gave much higher increase (11.6 folds) than control group; the levels of Sero/Trans, Wap65, C3 and Apo showed no apparent difference between the two groups. The mRNA levels of wap65 and c3 in the liver and Apo in the kidney of AsA group exhibited significant increase in comparison to control group. In the case of secreted immunoglobulin M (IgM) and lysozyme (lyz), no difference of the mRNA levels of IgM in epidermis, gill, kidney, spleen and intestine, and lyz in epidermis, gill, spleen and intestine, was observed. The results of in situ hybridization confirmed the elevation of Hbß mRNA level in the epidermis tissue of AsA group. Our present study provided additional evidence showing the effectiveness of AsA in activating innate immune defense system in skin mucosal tissue of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Mori
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ito
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Ryota Washio
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shibasaki
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Aki Namba
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yabu
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Dai Iwazaki
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Noriko Wada
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hirosi Anzai
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hajime Shiba
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nakanishi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mano
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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Morosinotto C, Thomson RL, Korpimäki E, Mateo R, Ruuskanen S. Maternal food supplementation and perceived predation risk modify egg composition and eggshell traits but not offspring condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.201954. [PMID: 31548290 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.201954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mothers may vary resource allocation to eggs and embryos, which may affect offspring fitness and prepare them for future environmental conditions. The effects of food availability and predation risk on reproduction have been extensively studied, yet their simultaneous impacts on reproductive investment and offspring early life conditions are still unclear. We experimentally manipulated these key environmental elements using a 2×2 full factorial design in wild, free-living pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca), and measured egg composition, eggshell traits and offspring condition. Eggs laid in food-supplemented nests had larger yolks and thicker shells independently of predation risk, while eggs laid in nests exposed to predator cues had lower levels of immunoglobulins, independent of food supplementation. In nests without predator cues, shell biliverdin content was higher in eggs laid in food-supplemented nests. Incubation was 1 day shorter in food-supplemented nests and shorter incubation periods were associated with higher hatching success, but there were no direct effects of maternal treatment on hatching success. To investigate the impact of maternal treatment (via egg composition) on the offspring, we performed full brood cross-fostering after hatching to unmanipulated nests. Maternal treatment did not significantly affect body mass and immunoglobulin levels of offspring. Our results suggest that although prenatal maternal cues affected egg composition, these egg-mediated effects may not have detectable consequences for offspring growth or immune capacity. Unpredictable environmental stressors may thus affect parental investment in the eggs, but parental care may level off costs and benefits of differential maternal egg allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Morosinotto
- Novia University of Applied Sciences, Bioeconomy Research Team, Raseborgsvägen 9, Ekenäs, 10600, Finland .,Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Robert L Thomson
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.,FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Erkki Korpimäki
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Suvi Ruuskanen
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
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13
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Kalicki B, Wawrzyniak A, Lipińska-Opałka A, Lewicki S, Zdanowski R. Influence of Vitamin D and Cotinine on T-Regulatory Cells and Asthma Severity in Children. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1021:27-36. [PMID: 28730377 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory diseases in children. Understanding the immune mechanisms of epigenetic factors may contribute to a better control of asthma. This study seeks to determine the effects of serum vitamin D and urine cotinine on asthma severity and on T regulatory cells (Tregs) and other immune-related factors such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16/56, and anti-CD3 HLA-DR3. The study involved 34 children with asthma. Disease severity was assessed with the Asthma Control Test, spirometry, and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). The control group consisted of 18 healthy children. We found a significantly lower proportion of Tregs in the serum of asthmatic children compared with the control group (p < 0.002). There were no significant differences in the other immunological factors investigated. Nor was there any appreciable association between vitamin D or cotinine and the course of asthma, FeNO, Tregs, and the other immune factors. However, the percentage of Tregs was positively associated with the level of FeNO (p < 0.02). In conclusion, the study shows a role of T regulatory cells in the pathogenesis of asthma in children, but fails to show any influence of serum vitamin D or urine cotinine on disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolesław Kalicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserow Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserow Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Lipińska-Opałka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserow Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Yin N, Wang Y, Lu X, Liu R, Zhang L, Zhao W, Yuan W, Luo Q, Wu H, Luan X, Zhang H. hPMSC transplantation restoring ovarian function in premature ovarian failure mice is associated with change of Th17/Tc17 and Th17/Treg cell ratios through the PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:37. [PMID: 29444704 PMCID: PMC5813427 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hPMSC) transplantation has been demonstrated to be an effective way of recovering ovarian function in mice with autoimmune induced premature ovarian failure (POF). But the exact mechanism remains unclear. The goal of the present study is to investigate the role of immune factors (T-helper 17 (Th17), cytotoxic T (Tc17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells) in the recovery of ovarian function and whether the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal pathway is involved in the regulation. METHODS The inhibitor of PI3K/Akt was administered to observe its effect on ovarian function recovery and immune regulation. Serum levels of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulation hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)) and anti-Zona pellucida antibody (AZPAb) were measured by ELISA to evaluate ovarian function. The morphological changes of ovaries were observed by HE staining. Apoptosis of granular cells (GCs) was determined by detecting the expression of capase-3. Expression of p-Akt protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay in ovarian tissues. The MTT assay was performed to assess GC proliferation. GC apoptosis was performed using flow cytometry analysis. Percentages of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry. Expression of interleukin (IL)-17 in serum was measured by ELISA. RESULTS LY294002 administration decreased serum levels of E2 and AMH, while the levels of FSH, LH and AZPAb in serum were increased compared with mice in the hPMSC transplantation group. The ovarian morphology presented as atrophy and fibrosis, with functional follicles exhausted. The expression of p-Akt in ovarian tissue was significantly decreased. Also, LY294002 administration significantly decreased proliferation and increased cell apoptosis in GCs, and for immune factors the ratios of Th17/Tc17 and Th17/Treg cells were significantly increased, as well as the serum levels of IL-17. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the PI3K/Akt signal pathway is involved in the recovery of ovarian function by changing the ratios of Th17/ Tc17 and Th17/Treg cells in POF mice following hPMSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Rd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Rd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Lianshuang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Rd, Yantai, Shandong, China.,Research Institution of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Rd, Yantai, Shandong, China.,Research Institution of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wendan Yuan
- Basic Medicine College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Department of Morphology Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Clinical Medical School, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiying Luan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Rd, Yantai, Shandong, China. .,Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Rd, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Hongqin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Rd, Yantai, Shandong, China. .,Research Institution of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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15
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Lin T, Liu X, Xiao D, Zhang D. Plasma levels of immune factors and sex steroids in the male seahorse Hippocampus erectus during a breeding cycle. Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:889-899. [PMID: 28197868 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the endocrine- and immune-response pattern during reproduction in a fish species having parental care behaviors and also to accumulate the endocrine- and immune-related data for future explanations of the low reproductive efficiency in seahorse species, the variations of immune factors and sex steroids in the plasma of the male lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus at different breeding stages, i.e., pre-pregnancy, pregnancy (early, middle, and late periods), and post-pregnancy, were investigated in the present study. The immune factors included monocytes/leucocytes (M/L), leucocyte phagocytic rate (LPR), immunoglobulin M (Ig M), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-α (IFN-α), and lysozyme (LZM). The sex steroids included testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11β-OHT), 17α-methyltestosterone (17α-MT), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone (17α-20β-P). Moreover, the immune metabolic activity of epithelium cells in the brood pouch at different breeding stages was also analyzed through ultrastructural observations of the abundance of cytoplasmic granules, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and exocytosis. The results show that a higher immune level was observed during pregnancy, particularly in the early and middle periods, and a lower immune level was noted during pre-pregnancy. Correspondingly, the epithelium cells in the brood pouch also showed a stronger immune metabolic activity during pregnancy and weaker activity during pre-pregnancy. Four sex steroids of T, 11β-OHT, 17α-MT, and E2 were higher during pre-pregnancy and lower during post-pregnancy, whereas 11-KT and 17α-20β-P, which were positively correlated with part immune factors, were higher during pregnancy. No negative correlations between sex steroids and immune factors were observed. In conclusion, the higher immune competence during pregnancy may indicate that parental care could improve immunity, which may be the major factor for no immunosuppressive effect of sex steroids during reproduction in the seahorse H. erectus, unlike noncaregiving fishes in which inhibitions of sex steroids on immunity are frequently observed. Moreover, higher 11-KT and 17α-20β-P during pregnancy than during pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy may suggest that these two steroids are also involved in parental care regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Zhao M, Li Y, Wei X, Zhang Q, Jia H, Quan S, Cao D, Wang L, Yang T, Zhao J, Pei M, Tian S, Yu Y, Guo Y, Yang X. Negative immune factors might predominate local tumor immune status and promote carcinogenesis in cervical carcinoma. Virol J 2017; 14:5. [PMID: 28086903 PMCID: PMC5237320 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The disequilibrium of local immune microenvironment is an essential element during tumorigenesis. Method By conducting real-time polymerase chain reaction, we identified the mRNA level of immune factors, FoxP3 (forkhead box protein P3), CCL22/CCR4 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22/CC chemokine receptor 4), OX40L/OX40 (tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 4/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4) and Smad3 (SMAD family member 3) in neoplastic foci and its periphery tissues from 30 cases of squamous cervical carcinoma and 20 cases of normal cervix. Result The FoxP3, CCL22 and CCR4 mRNA level in local immune microenvironment of normal cervix was lower than that in cervical cancer. While OX40L, OX40 and Smad3 mRNA level profile in normal cervix was higher than that in cervical cancer. Beyond individual effect, the pairwise positive correlations were demonstrated among the mRNA level of FoxP3, CCL22 and CCR4. The mRNA level of OX40 negatively correlated with CCL22, but positively correlated with Smad3. Moreover, the mRNA level of FoxP3 and CCL22 was increased while Smad3 was decreased in cervical tissue with HPV (human papilloma virus) infection. Conclusion Our data yields insight into the roles of these immune factors in cervical carcinogenesis. It may therefore be that, in microenvironment of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, along with the context of HPV infection, negative immune regulators FoxP3, CCL22 and CCR4 might overwhelm positive immune factors OX40L, OX40 and Smad3, giving rise to an immunosuppressive status and promote the progression of cervical carcinogenesis. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongran Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shimin Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meili Pei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijuan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanping Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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17
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Badiou S, Tuaillon E, Viljoen J, Escudié JB, Cristol JP, Newell ML, Van de Perre P, Neveu D. Association between breast milk fatty acids and HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 105:35-42. [PMID: 26869089 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A residual mother-to-child transmission of HIV through breastfeeding persists despite prophylaxis. We identified breast milk fatty acids (FA) associated with postnatal HIV transmission through breastfeeding in a case-control study. Cases (n=23) were HIV-infected women with an infant who acquired HIV after 6 weeks of age. Controls (n=23) were matched on infant׳s age at sample collection. Adjusting for maternal antenatal plasma CD4 T cell count, cis-vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-3) were associated with HIV transmission in opposite dose-response manner: OR (tertile 3 versus tertile 1): 10.8 and 0.16, p for trend=0.02 and 0.03, respectively. These fatty acids correlated with HIV RNA load, T helper-1 related cytokines, IL15, IP10, and β2 microglobulin, positively for cis-vaccenic acid, negatively for eicosatrienoic acid. These results suggested a change in FA synthesis by mammary gland cells leading to increased cis-vaccenic acid in milk of mothers who transmitted HIV to their infant during breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Badiou
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - E Tuaillon
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by Agents with Mucocutaneous Tropism: From Pathogenesis to Prevention, University of Montpellier, France
| | - J Viljoen
- Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - J B Escudié
- INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by Agents with Mucocutaneous Tropism: From Pathogenesis to Prevention, University of Montpellier, France
| | - J P Cristol
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M L Newell
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - P Van de Perre
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by Agents with Mucocutaneous Tropism: From Pathogenesis to Prevention, University of Montpellier, France
| | - D Neveu
- INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by Agents with Mucocutaneous Tropism: From Pathogenesis to Prevention, University of Montpellier, France
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18
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Valero Y, Sánchez-Hernández M, García-Alcázar A, García-Ayala A, Cuesta A, Chaves-Pozo E. Characterization of the annual regulation of reproductive and immune parameters on the testis of European sea bass. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:215-29. [PMID: 25896883 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., is a seasonal gonochoristic species, the males of which are generally mature during their second year of life. It has been demonstrated that cytokines and immune cells play a key role in the testicular development. This reproductive-immune interaction might be very important in the sea bass since several pathogens are able to colonise the gonad and persist in this tissue, altering further reproductive functions and spreading disease. This study aims to investigate the reproductive cycle of 1-year European sea bass males by analysing cell proliferation and apoptosis and the expression profile of some reproductive and immune-related genes in the testis, as well as the serum sex steroid levels. Our data demonstrate that, in 1-year-old European sea bass males, the testis undergoes the spermatogenesis process and that the reproductive and immune parameters analysed varied during the reproductive cycle. In the testis, the highest proliferative rates were recorded at the spermatogenesis stage, while the highest apoptotic rates were recorded at the spawning stage. We have also analysed, for the first time in European sea bass males, the serum levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone and the gene expression profile of the enzymes implied in their production, determining that at least E2 might be involved in the regulation of the reproductive cycle. Some immune relevant genes, including cytokines, lymphocyte receptors, and anti-viral and anti-bacterial molecules were detected in the testis of naïve European sea bass specimens, and their expression profile was related to the stages of the reproductive cycle, suggesting an important role for the defence of the reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n., Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Sánchez-Hernández
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n., Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Alcázar
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n., Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonsa García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n., Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain.
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19
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Wang L, Yue F, Song X, Song L. Maternal immune transfer in mollusc. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 48:354-359. [PMID: 24858027 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immunity refers to the immunity transferred from mother to offspring via egg, playing an important role in protecting the offspring at early life stages and contributing a trans-generational effect on offspring's phenotype. Because fertilization is external in most of the molluscs, oocytes and early embryos are directly exposed to pathogens in the seawater, and thus maternal immunity could provide a better protection before full maturation of their immunological systems. Several innate immune factors including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like lectins, and immune effectors like lysozyme, lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bacterial permeability-increasing proteins (LBP/BPI) and antioxidant enzymes have been identified as maternally derived immune factors in mollusc eggs. Among these immune factors, some maternally derived lectins and antibacterial factors have been proved to endue mollusc eggs with effective defense ability against pathogen infection, while the roles of other factors still remain untested. The physiological condition of mollusc broodstock has a profound effect on their offspring fitness. Many other factors such as nutrients, pathogens, environment conditions and pollutants could exert considerable influence on the maternal transfer of immunity. The parent molluscs which have encountered an immune stimulation endow their offspring with a trans-generational immune capability to protect them against infections effectively. The knowledge on maternal transfer of immunity and the trans-generational immune effect could provide us with an ideal management strategy of mollusc broodstock to improve the immunity of offspring and to establish a disease-resistant family for a long-term improvement of cultured stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China.
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20
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Mingming H, FuHong D, Zhen M, Jilin L. The effect of vaccinating turbot broodstocks on the maternal immunity transfer to offspring immunity. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 39:118-124. [PMID: 24657725 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to explore the effect of vaccinating turbot broodstocks on the immunity of offsprings. The expression of IgM, C3, TGF-β1, IL-1β, transferrin, lysozyme and their concentrations were detected respectively with quantitative real-time PCR and Elisa kits in offsprings at different stages from both naive and vaccinated brood stocks. The survival rate of offsprings in pathogen challenge experiment and their pathogen inhibition rate were also detected. The results shown that the maternal transfer of genes and proteins both existed in turbot. In the expression level, from eggs to 5 dpf (days past fertilization), the immune related genes expressed far more in vaccinated broodstocks offsprings, after hatching, the phenomenon disappeared. In protein level, transferrrin, C3 and IL-1β kept a stable level in concentration from eggs to 25 dph (days past hatching), and increased sharply at 45 and 55 dph. While, IgM and lyzozyme had a much higher concentration at 5 dpf in the embryos from vaccinated broodstocks, and we concluded that vaccinating broodstocks enhanced the production or maternal transfer of IgM and lyzozyme. Vibrio anguillarum challenge experiment showed that the vaccinated offsprings of 4 dpf and 14 dph had a better anti-pathogen ability than the ones from naive brood stocks. Throughout the study, it was concluded that vaccinating broodstocks could strength the maternal transfer of immune factors in gene and protein level, and the gene expression level during hatching was also enhanced at the early stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Mingming
- Ocean University of China, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China
| | - Ding FuHong
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China
| | - Meng Zhen
- Ocean University of China, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China
| | - Lei Jilin
- Ocean University of China, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Qing Dao 266071, China.
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Shi HX, Ren JL, Dong WG. Advances in studies on relation between inflammatory bowel disease and immunity. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:399-405. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i4.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Its main clinical manifestations are abdominal pain and diarrhea. Its etiology is complicated. Immune system is very important. Following factors, such as intestinal environment, immune cells, human leukocyte antigens, antibodies, anti- laminaribioside antibody, anti-chitobioside antibody IgA, cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, NO and NF-κB, play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease is related to all these factors. This paper reviews the possible role of these immune factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
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