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Hoy N, Lynch SJ, Waszczuk MA, Reppermund S, Mewton L. Transdiagnostic biomarkers of mental illness across the lifespan: A systematic review examining the genetic and neural correlates of latent transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology in the general population. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105431. [PMID: 37898444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review synthesizes evidence from research investigating the biological correlates of latent transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology (e.g., the p-factor, internalizing, externalizing) across the lifespan. Eligibility criteria captured genomic and neuroimaging studies investigating general and/or specific dimensions in general population samples across all age groups. MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched for relevant studies published up to March 2023 and 46 studies were selected for inclusion. The results revealed several biological correlates consistently associated with transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology, including polygenic scores for ADHD and neuroticism, global surface area and global gray matter volume. Shared and unique associations between symptom dimensions are highlighted, as are potential age-specific differences in biological associations. Findings are interpreted with reference to key methodological differences across studies. The included studies provide compelling evidence that the general dimension of psychopathology reflects common underlying genetic and neurobiological vulnerabilities that are shared across diverse manifestations of mental illness. Substantive interpretations of general psychopathology in the context of genetic and neurobiological evidence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hoy
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Samantha J Lynch
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise Mewton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Zhao G, Zhang H, Ma L, Wang Y, Chen R, Liu N, Men W, Tan S, Gao JH, Qin S, He Y, Dong Q, Tao S. Reduced volume of the left cerebellar lobule VIIb and its increased connectivity within the cerebellum predict more general psychopathology one year later via worse cognitive flexibility in children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101296. [PMID: 37690374 PMCID: PMC10507200 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the risk for general psychopathology (the p factor) requires the examination of multiple factors ranging from brain to cognitive skills. While an increasing number of findings have reported the roles of the cerebral cortex and executive functions, it is much less clear whether and how the cerebellum and cognitive flexibility (a core component of executive function) may be associated with the risk for general psychopathology. Based on the data from more than 400 children aged 6-12 in the Children School Functions and Brain Development (CBD) Project, this study examined whether the left cerebellar lobule VIIb and its connectivity within the cerebellum may prospectively predict the risk for general psychopathology one year later and whether cognitive flexibility may mediate such predictions in school-age children. The reduced gray matter volume in the left cerebellar lobule VIIb and the increased connectivity of this region to the left cerebellar lobule VI prospectively predicted the risk for general psychopathology and was partially mediated by worse cognitive flexibility. Deficits in cognitive flexibility may play an important role in linking cerebellar structure and function to the risk for general psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ningyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weiwei Men
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sha Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Romer AL, Ren B, Pizzagalli DA. Brain Structure Relations With Psychopathology Trajectories in the ABCD Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:895-907. [PMID: 36773698 PMCID: PMC10403371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A general psychopathology (p) factor captures shared variation across mental disorders. Structural neural alterations have been associated with the p factor concurrently, but less is known about whether these alterations relate to within-person change in the p factor over time, especially during preadolescence, a period of neurodevelopmental changes. METHOD This study examined whether baseline brain structure was prospectively related to the trajectory of the p factor and specific forms of psychopathology over 2 years in 9,220 preadolescents (aged 9-10 at baseline) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD). Longitudinal multilevel models were conducted to determine whether baseline brain structure (volume, surface area, thickness) was associated with between-person differences and within-person change in the p factor (from a higher-order confirmatory factor model) and internalizing, externalizing, neurodevelopmental, somatization, and detachment factor scores (from a correlated factors model) over 3 study waves. RESULTS Smaller global volume and surface area, but not thickness, were associated with higher between-person levels of the p factor scores, which persisted over time. None of the brain structure measures were related to within-person change in the p factor scores. Lower baseline cortical thickness was associated with steeper decreases in internalizing psychopathology, which was driven by lower thickness within sensorimotor and temporal regions. CONCLUSION These novel results identify specific brain structure features that might contribute to transdiagnostic psychopathology development in preadolescence. Children with smaller total brain volume and surface area may be vulnerable to persistent general psychopathology during preadolescence. Cortical thinning reflective of pruning and myelination in sensorimotor and temporal brain regions specifically may protect against increases in internalizing, but not general psychopathology, during preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne L Romer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.
| | - Boyu Ren
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Laboratory for Psychiatric Biostatistics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
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Hong J, Hwang J, Lee JH. General psychopathology factor (p-factor) prediction using resting-state functional connectivity and a scanner-generalization neural network. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:114-125. [PMID: 36580867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The general psychopathology factor (p-factor) represents shared variance across mental disorders based on psychopathologic symptoms. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study offers an unprecedented opportunity to investigate functional networks (FNs) from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) associated with the psychopathology of an adolescent cohort (n > 10,000). However, the heterogeneities associated with the use of multiple sites and multiple scanners in the ABCD Study need to be overcome to improve the prediction of the p-factor using fMRI. We proposed a scanner-generalization neural network (SGNN) to predict the individual p-factor by systematically reducing the scanner effect for resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). We included 6905 adolescents from 18 sites whose fMRI data were collected using either Siemens or GE scanners. The p-factor was estimated based on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores available in the ABCD study using exploratory factor analysis. We evaluated the Pearson's correlation coefficients (CCs) for p-factor prediction via leave-one/two-site-out cross-validation (LOSOCV/LTSOCV) and identified important FNs from the weight features (WFs) of the SGNN. The CCs were higher for the SGNN than for alternative models when using both LOSOCV (0.1631 ± 0.0673 for the SGNN vs. 0.1497 ± 0.0710 for kernel ridge regression [KRR]; p < 0.05 from a two-tailed paired t-test) and LTSOCV (0.1469 ± 0.0381 for the SGNN vs. 0.1394 ± 0.0359 for KRR; p = 0.01). It was found that (a) the default-mode and dorsal attention FNs were important for p-factor prediction, and (b) the intra-visual FN was important for scanner generalization. We demonstrated the efficacy of our novel SGNN model for p-factor prediction while simultaneously eliminating scanner-related confounding effects for RSFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Hong
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jundong Hwang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sripada C, Gard AM, Angstadt M, Taxali A, Greathouse T, McCurry K, Hyde LW, Weigard A, Walczyk P, Heitzeg M. Socioeconomic resources are associated with distributed alterations of the brain's intrinsic functional architecture in youth. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101164. [PMID: 36274574 PMCID: PMC9589163 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how exposure to limited socioeconomic resources (SER) in childhood gets "under the skin" to shape brain development, especially using rigorous whole-brain multivariate methods in large, adequately powered samples. The present study examined resting state functional connectivity patterns from 5821 youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, employing multivariate methods across three levels: whole-brain, network-wise, and connection-wise. Across all three levels, SER was associated with widespread alterations across the connectome. However, critically, we found that parental education was the primary driver of neural associations with SER. These parental education associations with the developing connectome exhibited notable concentrations in somatosensory and subcortical regions, and they were partially accounted for by home enrichment activities, child's cognitive abilities, and child's grades, indicating interwoven links between parental education, child stimulation, and child cognitive performance. These results add a new data-driven, multivariate perspective on links between household SER and the child's developing functional connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sripada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Arianna M Gard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Mike Angstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Aman Taxali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | | | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology and Survey Research Center at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Peter Walczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Mary Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Wainberg M, Jacobs GR, Voineskos AN, Tripathy SJ. Neurobiological, familial and genetic risk factors for dimensional psychopathology in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2731-2741. [PMID: 35361904 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a key period for brain development and the emergence of psychopathology. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study was created to study the biopsychosocial factors underlying healthy and pathological brain development during this period, and comprises the world's largest youth cohort with neuroimaging, family history and genetic data. METHODS We examined 9856 unrelated 9-to-10-year-old participants in the ABCD study drawn from 21 sites across the United States, of which 7662 had multimodal magnetic resonance imaging scans passing quality control, and 4447 were non-Hispanic white and used for polygenic risk score analyses. Using data available at baseline, we associated eight 'syndrome scale scores' from the Child Behavior Checklist-summarizing anxious/depressed symptoms, withdrawn/depressed symptoms, somatic complaints, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, and aggressive behavior-with resting-state functional and structural brain magnetic resonance imaging measures; eight indicators of family history of psychopathology; and polygenic risk scores for major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anorexia nervosa. As a sensitivity analysis, we excluded participants with clinically significant (>97th percentile) or borderline (93rd-97th percentile) scores for each dimension. RESULTS Most Child Behavior Checklist dimensions were associated with reduced functional connectivity within one or more of four large-scale brain networks-default mode, cingulo-parietal, dorsal attention, and retrosplenial-temporal. Several dimensions were also associated with increased functional connectivity between the default mode, dorsal attention, ventral attention and cingulo-opercular networks. Conversely, almost no global or regional brain structural measures were associated with any of the dimensions. Every family history indicator was associated with every dimension. Major depression polygenic risk was associated with six of the eight dimensions, whereas ADHD polygenic risk was exclusively associated with attention problems and externalizing behavior (rule-breaking and aggressive behavior). Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa polygenic risk were not associated with any of the dimensions. Many associations remained statistically significant even after excluding participants with clinically significant or borderline psychopathology, suggesting that the same risk factors that contribute to clinically significant psychopathology also contribute to continuous variation within the clinically normal range. CONCLUSIONS This study codifies neurobiological, familial and genetic risk factors for dimensional psychopathology across a population-scale cohort of community-dwelling preadolescents. Future efforts are needed to understand how these multiple modalities of risk intersect to influence trajectories of psychopathology into late adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wainberg
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace R Jacobs
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shreejoy J Tripathy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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