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Bin Y, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhang T, Liu P, Xin Z, Yang H, Feng Z, Chen Z, Zhang H. Against all odds: The road to success in the development of human immune reconstitution mice. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38591343 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse genome has a high degree of homology with the human genome, and its physiological, biochemical, and developmental regulation mechanisms are similar to those of humans; therefore, mice are widely used as experimental animals. However, it is undeniable that interspecies differences between humans and mice can lead to experimental errors. The differences in the immune system have become an important factor limiting current immunological research. The application of immunodeficient mice provides a possible solution to these problems. By transplanting human immune cells or tissues, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells or hematopoietic stem cells, into immunodeficient mice, a human immune system can be reconstituted in the mouse body, and the engrafted immune cells can elicit human-specific immune responses. Researchers have been actively exploring the development and differentiation conditions of host recipient animals and grafts in order to achieve better immune reconstitution. Through genetic engineering methods, immunodeficient mice can be further modified to provide a favorable developmental and differentiation microenvironment for the grafts. From initially only being able to reconstruct single T lymphocyte lineages, it is now possible to reconstruct lymphoid and myeloid cells, providing important research tools for immunology-related studies. In this review, we compare the differences in immune systems of humans and mice, describe the development history of human immune reconstitution from the perspectives of immunodeficient mice and grafts, and discuss the latest advances in enhancing the efficiency of human immune cell reconstitution, aiming to provide important references for immunological related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Bin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peijuan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiqian Xin
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haijiao Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuan Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhinan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Wang X, Yang C, Ma X, Li X, Qi Y, Bai Z, Xu Y, Ma K, Luo Y, Song J, Jia W, He Z, Liu Z. A division-of-labor mode contributes to the cardioprotective potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in heart failure post myocardial infarction. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363517. [PMID: 38562923 PMCID: PMC10982400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of heart failure post myocardial infarction (post-MI HF) with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) holds great promise. Nevertheless, 2-dimensional (2D) GMP-grade MSCs from different labs and donor sources have different therapeutic efficacy and still in a low yield. Therefore, it is crucial to increase the production and find novel ways to assess the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. Materials and methods hUC-MSCs were cultured in 3-dimensional (3D) expansion system for obtaining enough cells for clinical use, named as 3D MSCs. A post-MI HF mouse model was employed to conduct in vivo and in vitro experiments. Single-cell and bulk RNA-seq analyses were performed on 3D MSCs. A total of 125 combination algorithms were leveraged to screen for core ligand genes. Shinyapp and shinycell workflows were used for deploying web-server. Result 3D GMP-grade MSCs can significantly and stably reduce the extent of post-MI HF. To understand the stable potential cardioprotective mechanism, scRNA-seq revealed the heterogeneity and division-of-labor mode of 3D MSCs at the cellular level. Specifically, scissor phenotypic analysis identified a reported wound-healing CD142+ MSCs subpopulation that is also associated with cardiac protection ability and CD142- MSCs that is in proliferative state, contributing to the cardioprotective function and self-renewal, respectively. Differential expression analysis was conducted on CD142+ MSCs and CD142- MSCs and the differentially expressed ligand-related model was achieved by employing 125 combination algorithms. The present study developed a machine learning predictive model based on 13 ligands. Further analysis using CellChat demonstrated that CD142+ MSCs have a stronger secretion capacity compared to CD142- MSCs and Flow cytometry sorting of the CD142+ MSCs and qRT-PCR validation confirmed the significant upregulation of these 13 ligand factors in CD142+ MSCs. Conclusion Clinical GMP-grade 3D MSCs could serve as a stable cardioprotective cell product. Using scissor analysis on scRNA-seq data, we have clarified the potential functional and proliferative subpopulation, which cooperatively contributed to self-renewal and functional maintenance for 3D MSCs, named as "division of labor" mode of MSCs. Moreover, a ligand model was robustly developed for predicting the secretory efficacy of MSCs. A user-friendly web-server and a predictive model were constructed and available (https://wangxc.shinyapps.io/3D_MSCs/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicheng Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyao Qi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Keming Ma
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyang Song
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
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Singh AK, Prasad P, Cancelas JA. Mesenchymal stromal cells, metabolism, and mitochondrial transfer in bone marrow normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1325291. [PMID: 38169927 PMCID: PMC10759248 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1325291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation-based treatments are in different phases of clinical development, ranging from current therapies to a promise in the repair and regeneration of diseased tissues and organs. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), which are fibroblast-like heterogeneous progenitors with multilineage differentiation (osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic) and self-renewal potential, and exist in the bone marrow (BM), adipose, and synovium, among other tissues, represent one of the most widely used sources of stem cells in regenerative medicine. MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) exhibit a variety of traits, including the potential to drive HSC fate and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive capabilities via paracrine activities and interactions with the innate and adaptive immune systems. The role of BM-MSC-derived adipocytes is more controversial and may act as positive or negative regulators of benign or malignant hematopoiesis based on their anatomical location and functional crosstalk with surrounding cells in the BM microenvironment. This review highlights the most recent clinical and pre-clinical findings on how BM-MSCs interact with the surrounding HSCs, progenitors, and immune cells, and address some recent insights on the mechanisms that mediate MSCs and adipocyte metabolic control through a metabolic crosstalk between BM microenvironment cells and intercellular mitochondrial transfer in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K. Singh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Parash Prasad
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Lang Y, Lyu Y, Tan Y, Hu Z. Progress in construction of mouse models to investigate the pathogenesis and immune therapy of human hematological malignancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195194. [PMID: 37646021 PMCID: PMC10461088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancy is a disease arisen by complicate reasons that seriously endangers human health. The research on its pathogenesis and therapies depends on the usage of animal models. Conventional animal model cannot faithfully mirror some characteristics of human features due to the evolutionary divergence, whereas the mouse models hosting human hematological malignancy are more and more applied in basic as well as translational investigations in recent years. According to the construction methods, they can be divided into different types (e.g. cell-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft model (PDX) model) that have diverse characteristics and application values. In addition, a variety of strategies have been developed to improve human hematological malignant cell engraftment and differentiation in vivo. Moreover, the humanized mouse model with both functional human immune system and autologous human hematological malignancy provides a unique tool for the evaluation of the efficacy of novel immunotherapeutic drugs/approaches. Herein, we first review the evolution of the mouse model of human hematological malignancy; Then, we analyze the characteristics of different types of models and summarize the ways to improve the models; Finally, the way and value of humanized mouse model of human immune system in the immunotherapy of human hematological malignancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Tian C, Li Y, Wang L, Si J, Zheng Y, Kang J, Wang Y, You MJ, Zheng G. Blockade of FGF2/FGFR2 partially overcomes bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells mediated progression of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:922. [PMID: 36333298 PMCID: PMC9636388 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of acute lymphoblastic leuakemia (ALL) is partly attributed to the effects of bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, especially mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which interact bilaterally with leukaemia cells, leading to ALL progression. In order to find MSCs-based microenvironment targeted therapeutic strategies, Notch1-induced T-cell ALL (T-ALL) mice models were used and dynamic alterations of BM-MSCs with increased cell viability during T-ALL development was observed. In T-ALL mice derived stroma-based condition, leukaemia cells showed significantly elevated growth capacity indicating that MSCs participated in leukaemic niche formation. RNA sequence results revealed that T-ALL derived MSCs secreted fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which combined with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) on leukaemia cells, resulting in activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in leukaemia cells. In vitro blocking the interaction between FGF2 and FGFR2 with BGJ398 (infigratinib), a FGFR1-3 kinase inhibitor, or knockdown FGF2 in MSCs by interference caused deactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and dysregulations of genes associated with cell cycle and apoptosis in ALL cells, leading to decrease of leukaemia cells. In mouse model received BGJ398, overall survival was extended and dissemination of leukaemia cells in BM, spleen, liver and peripheral blood was decreased. After subcutaneous injection of primary human T-ALL cells with MSCs, tumour growth was suppressed when FGF2/FGFR2 was interrupted. Thus, inhibition of FGF2/FGFR2 interaction appears to be a valid strategy to overcome BM-MSCs mediated progression of T-ALL, and BGJ398 could indeed improve outcomes in T-ALL, which provide theoretical basis of BGJ398 as a BM microenvironment based therapeutic strategy to control disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tian
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Yueyang Li
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Lina Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Junqi Si
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Junnan Kang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Yafei Wang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - M. James You
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77479 USA
| | - Guoguang Zheng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
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Petaroudi M, Rodrigo-Navarro A, Dobre O, Dalby MJ, Salmeron-Sanchez M. Living Biomaterials to Engineer Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200964. [PMID: 35933595 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Living biointerfaces are a new class of biomaterials combining living cells and polymeric matrices that can act as biologically active and instructive materials that host and provide signals to surrounding cells. Here, living biomaterials based on Lactococcus lactis to control hematopoietic stem cells in 2D surfaces and 3D hydrogels are introduced. L. lactis is modified to express C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), thrombopoietin (TPO), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM1), and the 7th-10th type III domains of human plasma fibronectin (FN III7-10 ), in an attempt to mimic ex vivo the conditions of the human bone marrow. These results suggest that living biomaterials that incorporate bacteria expressing recombinant CXCL12, TPO, VCAM1, and FN in both 2D systems direct hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs)-bacteria interaction, and in 3D using hydrogels functionalized with full-length human plasma fibronectin allow for a notable expansion of the CD34+ /CD38- /CD90+ HSPC population compared to the initial population. These results provide a strong evidence based on data that suggest the possibility of using living materials based on genetically engineered bacteria for the ex-vivo expansion of HSPC with eventual practical clinical applications in HSPCs transplantation for hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Petaroudi
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | | | - Oana Dobre
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
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Garrigós MM, de Oliveira FA, Nucci MP, Nucci LP, Alves ADH, Dias OFM, Gamarra LF. How mesenchymal stem cell cotransplantation with hematopoietic stem cells can improve engraftment in animal models. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:658-679. [PMID: 36157912 PMCID: PMC9453272 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i8.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can be applied to both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic diseases; nonetheless, it still comes with a number of challenges and limitations that contribute to treatment failure. Bearing this in mind, a possible way to increase the success rate of BMT would be cotransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to improve the bone marrow niche and secrete molecules that enhance the hematopoietic engraftment.
AIM To analyze HSC and MSC characteristics and their interactions through cotransplantation in murine models.
METHODS We searched for original articles indexed in PubMed and Scopus during the last decade that used HSC and MSC cotransplantation and in vivo BMT in animal models while evaluating cell engraftment. We excluded in vitro studies or studies that involved graft versus host disease or other hematological diseases and publications in languages other than English. In PubMed, we initially identified 555 articles and after selection, only 12 were chosen. In Scopus, 2010 were identified, and six were left after the screening and eligibility process.
RESULTS Of the 2565 articles found in the databases, only 18 original studies met the eligibility criteria. HSC distribution by source showed similar ratios, with human umbilical cord blood or animal bone marrow being administered mainly with a dose of 1 × 107 cells by intravenous or intrabone routes. However, MSCs had a high prevalence of human donors with a variety of sources (umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, tonsil, adipose tissue or fetal lung), using a lower dose, mainly 106 cells and ranging 104 to 1.5 × 107 cells, utilizing the same routes. MSCs were characterized prior to administration in almost every experiment. The recipient used was mostly immunodeficient mice submitted to low-dose irradiation or chemotherapy. The main technique of engraftment for HSC and MSC cotransplantation evaluation was chimerism, followed by hematopoietic reconstitution and survival analysis. Besides the engraftment, homing and cellularity were also evaluated in some studies.
CONCLUSION The preclinical findings validate the potential of MSCs to enable HSC engraftment in vivo in both xenogeneic and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation animal models, in the absence of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Montenegro Garrigós
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Penteado Nucci
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- LIM44-Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo Penteado Nucci
- Centro Universitário do Planalto Central, Área Especial para Industria nº 02 Setor Leste - Gama-DF, Brasília 72445-020, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Xuan J, Liu Y, Liu J, Zeng X, Wang H. New Insights into Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion to Stimulate Repopulation of the Adult Blood System for Transplantation. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050716. [PMID: 35629383 PMCID: PMC9146250 DOI: 10.3390/life12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HSPCs) may be considered as a basis for the repopulation of the blood cells after transplantation in adults. Therefore, in vivo and ex vivo expansion of HSCs holds great promise for clinical applications. In this review, the mechanisms of HSC expansion will be discussed, considering the previous studies and works of literature. This is aimed to identify the signaling pathways that regulate HSC expansion and improve the application of engraftment in disease management. The following aspects will be included: (i) Stimulation of HSCs growth in vivo through gene regulation and cytokines activation; (ii) direct or indirect induction of HSC expansion by regulating signaling pathways; (iii) addition to assisting cells to help in the proliferation of HSCs; (iv) changing of living environment in the HSCs cultures via adjusting components and forms of cultures; (v) enhancement of HSC expansion by incorporating substances, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), UM171, among others. In this review, recent new findings that provide us with new insights into HSC expansion methods have been summarized. Furthermore, these findings will also provide more possibilities for the development of some novel strategies for expanding and engrafting HSCs applied for treatments of some hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangying Xuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jinhui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongmei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.X.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-6700-4966
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Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are important adult stem cells for regenerative medicine, largely due to their regenerative characteristics such as self-renewal, secretion of trophic factors, and the capability of inducing mesenchymal cell lineages. MSCs also possess homing and trophic properties modulating immune system, influencing microenvironment around damaged tissues and enhancing tissue repair, thus offering a broad perspective in cell-based therapies. Therefore, it is not surprising that MSCs have been the broadly used adult stem cells in clinical trials. To gain better insights into the current applications of MSCs in clinical applications, we perform a comprehensive review of reported data of MSCs clinical trials conducted globally. We summarize the biological effects and mechanisms of action of MSCs, elucidating recent clinical trials phases and findings, highlighting therapeutic effects of MSCs in several representative diseases, including neurological, musculoskeletal diseases and most recent Coronavirus infectious disease. Finally, we also highlight the challenges faced by many clinical trials and propose potential solutions to streamline the use of MSCs in routine clinical applications and regenerative medicine.
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The Hematology of Tomorrow Is Here-Preclinical Models Are Not: Cell Therapy for Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030580. [PMID: 35158848 PMCID: PMC8833715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell therapy is revolutionizing the prospect of deadly hematological malignancies such as high-risk acute myeloid leukemia. Stem cell therapy of allogeneic source from compatible human leukocyte antigen donor has exceptional success promoting durable remissions, but the rate of relapse is currently still high and there is transplant-related mortality. This review presents the current knowledge on the clinical use of mesenchymal stromal cells to improve outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplants. As an alternative or adjuvant approach to prevent relapse, we summarize the status of the promising forms of cellular immunotherapy aimed at targeting not only the bulk but also the cells of origin of leukemia. Finally, we discuss the available in vivo models for disease modelling and treatment efficacy prediction in these contexts. Abstract The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge on the clinical use of several forms of cell therapy in hematological malignancies and the preclinical models available for their study. In the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants, mesenchymal stromal cells are pursued to help stem cell engraftment and expansion, and control graft versus host disease. We further summarize the status of promising forms of cellular immunotherapy including CAR T cell and CAR NK cell therapy aimed at eradicating the cells of origin of leukemia, i.e., leukemia stem cells. Updates on other forms of cellular immunotherapy, such as NK cells, CIK cells and CAR CIK cells, show encouraging results in AML. The considerations in available in vivo models for disease modelling and treatment efficacy prediction are discussed, with a particular focus on their strengths and weaknesses for the study of healthy and diseased hematopoietic stem cell reconstitution, graft versus host disease and immunotherapy. Despite current limitations, cell therapy is a rapidly evolving field that holds the promise of improved cure rates, soon. As a result, we may be witnessing the birth of the hematology of tomorrow. To further support its development, improved preclinical models including humanized microenvironments in mice are urgently needed.
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11
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Inflammation Regulates Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031125. [PMID: 35163048 PMCID: PMC8835214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow and are supported by the specialised microenvironment, a niche to maintain HSC quiescence. To deal with haematopoietic equilibrium disrupted during inflammation, HSCs are activated from quiescence directly and indirectly to generate more mature immune cells, especially the myeloid lineage cells. In the process of proliferation and differentiation, HSCs gradually lose their self-renewal potential. The extensive inflammation might cause HSC exhaustion/senescence and malignant transformation. Here, we summarise the current understanding of how HSC functions are maintained, damaged, or exhausted during acute, prolonged, and pathological inflammatory conditions. We also highlight the inflammation-altered HSC niche and its impact on escalating the insults on HSCs.
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12
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Shen J, Xu Y, Zhang S, Lyu S, Huo Y, Zhu Y, Tang K, Mou J, Li X, Hoyle DL, Wang M, Wang J, Li X, Wang ZZ, Cheng T. Single-cell transcriptome of early hematopoiesis guides arterial endothelial-enhanced functional T cell generation from human PSCs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9787. [PMID: 34516916 PMCID: PMC8442917 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires orchestration of dynamic cell and gene regulatory networks but often generates blood cells that lack natural function. Here, we performed extensive single-cell transcriptomic analyses to map fate choices and gene expression patterns during hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs and showed that oxidative metabolism was dysregulated during in vitro directed differentiation. Applying hypoxic conditions at the stage of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition in vitro effectively promoted the development of arterial specification programs that governed the generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) with functional T cell potential. Following engineered expression of the anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor, the T cells generated from arterial endothelium-primed HPCs inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study provides benchmark datasets as a resource to further understand the origins of human hematopoiesis and represents an advance in guiding in vitro generation of functional T cells for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Disease Cell Therapy, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shuzhen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yingying Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Disease Cell Therapy, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Junli Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Disease Cell Therapy, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xinjie Li
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dixie L. Hoyle
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Blood Disease Cell Therapy, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zack Z. Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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13
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Fröbel J, Landspersky T, Percin G, Schreck C, Rahmig S, Ori A, Nowak D, Essers M, Waskow C, Oostendorp RAJ. The Hematopoietic Bone Marrow Niche Ecosystem. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705410. [PMID: 34368155 PMCID: PMC8339972 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, also called the BM niche, is essential for the maintenance of fully functional blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) throughout life. Under physiologic conditions the niche protects hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from sustained or overstimulation. Acute or chronic stress deregulates hematopoiesis and some of these alterations occur indirectly via the niche. Effects on niche cells include skewing of its cellular composition, specific localization and molecular signals that differentially regulate the function of HSCs and their progeny. Importantly, while acute insults display only transient effects, repeated or chronic insults lead to sustained alterations of the niche, resulting in HSC deregulation. We here describe how changes in BM niche composition (ecosystem) and structure (remodeling) modulate activation of HSCs in situ. Current knowledge has revealed that upon chronic stimulation, BM remodeling is more extensive and otherwise quiescent HSCs may be lost due to diminished cellular maintenance processes, such as autophagy, ER stress response, and DNA repair. Features of aging in the BM ecology may be the consequence of intermittent stress responses, ultimately resulting in the degeneration of the supportive stem cell microenvironment. Both chronic stress and aging impair the functionality of HSCs and increase the overall susceptibility to development of diseases, including malignant transformation. To understand functional degeneration, an important prerequisite is to define distinguishing features of unperturbed niche homeostasis in different settings. A unique setting in this respect is xenotransplantation, in which human cells depend on niche factors produced by other species, some of which we will review. These insights should help to assess deviations from the steady state to actively protect and improve recovery of the niche ecosystem in situ to optimally sustain healthy hematopoiesis in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fröbel
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Theresa Landspersky
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gülce Percin
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Schreck
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susann Rahmig
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Proteomics of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marieke Essers
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert A J Oostendorp
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Mesenchymal stromal cells in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5877-5887. [PMID: 33232479 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely recognized to possess potent immunomodulatory activity, as well as to stimulate repair and regeneration of diseased or damaged tissue. These fundamental properties suggest important applications in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Although the mechanisms of therapeutic activity in vivo are yet to be fully elucidated, MSCs seem to suppress lymphocytes by paracrine mechanisms, including secreted mediators and metabolic modulators. Most recently, host macrophage engulfment of apoptotic MSCs has emerged as an important contributor to the immune suppressive microenvironment. Although bone marrow-derived MSCs are the most commonly studied, the tissue source of MSCs may be a critical determinant of immunomodulatory function. The key application of MSC therapy in hematopoietic cell transplantation is to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The pathogenesis of GVHD reveals multiple potential targets. Moreover, the recently proposed concept of tissue tolerance suggests a new possible mechanism of MSC therapy for GVHD. Beyond GVHD, MSCs may facilitate hematopoietic stem cell engraftment, which could gain greater importance with increasing use of haploidentical transplantation. Despite many challenges and much doubt, commercial MSC products for pediatric steroid-refractory GVHD have been licensed in Japan, conditionally licensed in Canada and New Zealand, and have been recommended for approval by an FDA Advisory Committee in the United States. Here, we review key historical data in the context of the most salient recent findings to present the current state of MSCs as adjunct cell therapy in hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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15
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Crippa S, Santi L, Berti M, De Ponti G, Bernardo ME. Role of ex vivo Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Determining Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663316. [PMID: 34017834 PMCID: PMC8129582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall, the human organism requires the production of ∼1 trillion new blood cells per day. Such goal is achieved via hematopoiesis occurring within the bone marrow (BM) under the tight regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis made by the BM microenvironment. The BM niche is defined by the close interactions of HSPCs and non-hematopoietic cells of different origin, which control the maintenance of HSPCs and orchestrate hematopoiesis in response to the body’s requirements. The activity of the BM niche is regulated by specific signaling pathways in physiological conditions and in case of stress, including the one induced by the HSPC transplantation (HSCT) procedures. HSCT is the curative option for several hematological and non-hematological diseases, despite being associated with early and late complications, mainly due to a low level of HSPC engraftment, impaired hematopoietic recovery, immune-mediated graft rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in case of allogenic transplant. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the BM niche, regulating HSPC homeostasis by direct contact and secreting several paracrine factors. In this review, we will explore the several mechanisms through which MSCs impact on the supportive activity of the BM niche and regulate HSPC homeostasis. We will further discuss how the growing understanding of such mechanisms have impacted, under a clinical point of view, on the transplantation field. In more recent years, these results have instructed the design of clinical trials to ameliorate the outcome of HSCT, especially in the allogenic setting, and when low doses of HSPCs were available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Berti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada De Ponti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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16
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Exposure of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to an Alzheimer's Disease Environment Enhances Therapeutic Effects. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6660186. [PMID: 33815510 PMCID: PMC7988745 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6660186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising tool for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies suggested that the coculture of human MSCs with AD in an in vitro model reduced the expression of amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) in the medium as well as the overexpression of amyloid-beta- (Aβ-) degrading enzymes such as neprilysin (NEP). We focused on the role of primed MSCs (human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) exposed to an AD cell line via a coculture system) in reducing the levels of Aβ and inhibiting cell death. We demonstrated that mouse groups treated with naïve MSCs and primed MSCs showed significant reductions in cell death, ubiquitin conjugate levels, and Aβ levels, but the effects were greater in primed MSCs. Also, mRNA sequencing data analysis indicated that high levels of TGF-β induced primed-MSCs. Furthermore, treatment with TGF-β reduced Aβ expression in an AD transgenic mouse model. These results highlighted AD environmental preconditioning is a promising strategy to reduce cell death and ubiquitin conjugate levels and maintain the stemness of MSCs. Further, these data suggest that human WJ-MSCs exposed to an AD environment may represent a promising and novel therapy for AD.
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17
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The well-established crosstalk between hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for the homeostasis and hematopoietic regeneration in response to blood formation emergencies. Past decade has witnessed that the intercellular communication mediated by the transfer of cytoplasmic material and organelles between cells can regenerate and/or repair the damaged cells. Mitochondria have recently emerged as a potential regulator of HSC fate. This review intends to discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mitochondrial dynamics, specifically focused on the role of mitochondrial transfer, in the maintenance of HSC activity with clear implications in stem cell transplantation and regenerative medicine. Recent Findings HSC are highly heterogeneous in their mitochondrial metabolism, and the quiescence and potency of HSC depend on the status of mitochondrial dynamics and the clearance of damaged mitochondria. Recent evidence has shown that in stress response, BM stromal cells transfer healthy mitochondria to HSC, facilitate HSC bioenergetics shift towards oxidative phosphorylation, and subsequently stimulate leukocyte expansion. Furthermore, metabolic rewiring following mitochondria transfer from HSPC to BM stromal cells likely to repair the damaged BM niche and accelerate limiting HSC transplantation post myeloablative conditioning.
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18
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Martinov T, McKenna KM, Tan WH, Collins EJ, Kehret AR, Linton JD, Olsen TM, Shobaki N, Rongvaux A. Building the Next Generation of Humanized Hemato-Lymphoid System Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643852. [PMID: 33692812 PMCID: PMC7938325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late 1980s, mice have been repopulated with human hematopoietic cells to study the fundamental biology of human hematopoiesis and immunity, as well as a broad range of human diseases in vivo. Multiple mouse recipient strains have been developed and protocols optimized to efficiently generate these “humanized” mice. Here, we review three guiding principles that have been applied to the development of the currently available models: (1) establishing tolerance of the mouse host for the human graft; (2) opening hematopoietic niches so that they can be occupied by human cells; and (3) providing necessary support for human hematopoiesis. We then discuss four remaining challenges: (1) human hematopoietic lineages that poorly develop in mice; (2) limited antigen-specific adaptive immunity; (3) absent tolerance of the human immune system for its mouse host; and (4) sub-functional interactions between human immune effectors and target mouse tissues. While major advances are still needed, the current models can already be used to answer specific, clinically-relevant questions and hopefully inform the development of new, life-saving therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Martinov
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kelly M McKenna
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wei Hong Tan
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Emily J Collins
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Allie R Kehret
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jonathan D Linton
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tayla M Olsen
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nour Shobaki
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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19
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Challenges and advances in clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cells. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 33579329 PMCID: PMC7880217 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have been intensely investigated for clinical applications within the last decades. However, the majority of registered clinical trials applying MSC therapy for diverse human diseases have fallen short of expectations, despite the encouraging pre-clinical outcomes in varied animal disease models. This can be attributable to inconsistent criteria for MSCs identity across studies and their inherited heterogeneity. Nowadays, with the emergence of advanced biological techniques and substantial improvements in bio-engineered materials, strategies have been developed to overcome clinical challenges in MSC application. Here in this review, we will discuss the major challenges of MSC therapies in clinical application, the factors impacting the diversity of MSCs, the potential approaches that modify MSC products with the highest therapeutic potential, and finally the usage of MSCs for COVID-19 pandemic disease.
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20
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Sezaki M, Hayashi Y, Wang Y, Johansson A, Umemoto T, Takizawa H. Immuno-Modulation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585367. [PMID: 33329562 PMCID: PMC7732516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifelong blood production is maintained by bone marrow (BM)-residing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are defined by two special properties: multipotency and self-renewal. Since dysregulation of either may lead to a differentiation block or extensive proliferation causing dysplasia or neoplasia, the genomic integrity and cellular function of HSCs must be tightly controlled and preserved by cell-intrinsic programs and cell-extrinsic environmental factors of the BM. The BM had been long regarded an immune-privileged organ shielded from immune insults and inflammation, and was thereby assumed to provide HSCs and immune cells with a protective environment to ensure blood and immune homeostasis. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that hemato-immune challenges such as autoimmunity, inflammation or infection elicit a broad spectrum of immunological reactions in the BM, and in turn, influence the function of HSCs and BM environmental cells. Moreover, in analogy with the emerging concept of “trained immunity”, certain infection-associated stimuli are able to train HSCs and progenitors to produce mature immune cells with enhanced responsiveness to subsequent challenges, and in some cases, form an inflammatory or infectious memory in HSCs themselves. In this review, we will introduce recent findings on HSC and hematopoietic regulation upon exposure to various hemato-immune stimuli and discuss how these challenges can elicit either beneficial or detrimental outcomes on HSCs and the hemato-immune system, as well as their relevance to aging and hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Sezaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alban Johansson
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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21
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RASSF1A inhibits PDGFB-driven malignant phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in a YAP1-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:855. [PMID: 33057010 PMCID: PMC7560678 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly aggressive tumor characterized by distant metastasis. Deletion or down-regulation of the tumor suppressor protein ras-association domain family protein1 isoform A (RASSF1A) has been confirmed to be a key event in NPC progression; however, little is known about the effects or underlying mechanism of RASSF1A on the malignant phenotype. In the present study, we observed that RASSF1A expression inhibited the malignant phenotypes of NPC cells. Stable silencing of RASSF1A in NPC cell lines induced self-renewal properties and tumorigenicity in vivo/in vitro and the acquisition of an invasive phenotype in vitro. Mechanistically, RASSF1A inactivated Yes-associated Protein 1 (YAP1), a transcriptional coactivator, through actin remodeling, which further contributed to Platelet Derived Growth Factor Subunit B (PDGFB) transcription inhibition. Treatment with ectopic PDGFB partially increased the malignancy of NPC cells with transient knockdown of YAP1. Collectively, these findings suggest that RASSF1A inhibits malignant phenotypes by repressing PDGFB expression in a YAP1-dependent manner. PDGFB may serve as a potential interest of therapeutic regulators in patients with metastatic NPC.
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22
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Zhao N, Coyne J, Abune L, Shi P, Lian XL, Zhang G, Wang Y. Exogenous Signaling Molecules Released from Aptamer-Functionalized Hydrogels Promote the Survival of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24599-24610. [PMID: 32384232 PMCID: PMC7883300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a very low survival rate after in vivo delivery, which limits their great promise for treating human diseases. Various strategies have been studied to overcome this challenge. However, an overlooked but important potential is to apply exogenous signaling molecules as biochemical cues to promote MSC survival, presumably because it is well-known that MSCs themselves can release a variety of potent signaling molecules. Thus, the purpose of this work was to examine and understand whether the release of exogenous signaling molecules from hydrogels can promote the survival of MSC spheroids. Our data show that more vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but not platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) were released from MSC spheroids in comparison with 2D cultured MSCs. Aptamer-functionalized fibrin hydrogel (aFn) could release exogenous VEGF and PDGF-BB in a sustained manner. PDGF-BB-loaded aFn promoted MSC survival by ∼70% more than VEGF-loaded aFn under the hypoxic condition in vitro. Importantly, PDGF-BB-loaded aFn could double the survival rate of MSC spheroids in comparison with VEGF-loaded aFn during the one-week test in vivo. Therefore, this work demonstrated that defined exogenous signaling molecules (e.g., PDGF-BB) can function as biochemical cues for promoting the survival of MSC spheroids in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - James Coyne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lidya Abune
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xiaojun Lance Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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