1
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Li J, Huang Z, Wang P, Li R, Gao L, Lai KP. Therapeutic targets of formononetin for treating prostate cancer at the single-cell level. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10380-10401. [PMID: 38874510 PMCID: PMC11236323 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the serious health problems of older male, about 13% of male was affected by prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is highly heterogeneity disease with complex molecular and genetic alterations. So, targeting the gene candidates in prostate cancer in single-cell level can be a promising approach for treating prostate cancer. In the present study, we analyzed the single cell sequencing data obtained from 2 previous reports to determine the differential gene expression of prostate cancer in single-cell level. By using the network pharmacology analysis, we identified the therapeutic targets of formononetin in immune cells and tissue cells of prostate cancer. We then applied molecular docking to determine the possible direct binding of formononetin to its target proteins. Our result identified a cluster of differential gene expression in prostate cancer which can serve as novel biomarkers such as immunoglobulin kappa C for prostate cancer prognosis. The result of network pharmacology delineated the roles of formononetin's targets such CD74 and THBS1 in immune cells' function of prostate cancer. Also, formononetin targeted insulin receptor and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein which play important roles in metabolisms of tissue cells of prostate cancer. The result of molecular docking suggested the direct binding of formononetin to its target proteins including INSR, TNF, and CXCR4. Finally, we validated our findings by using formononetin-treated human prostate cancer cell DU145. For the first time, our result suggested the use of formononetin for treating prostate cancer through targeting different cell types in a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | | | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
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2
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Li J, Huang G. Insulin receptor alternative splicing in breast and prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:62. [PMID: 38331804 PMCID: PMC10851471 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer etiology represents an intricate, multifactorial orchestration where metabolically associated insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin foster cellular proliferation and growth throughout tumorigenesis. The insulin receptor (IR) exhibits two splice variants arising from alternative mRNA processing, namely IR-A, and IR-B, with remarkable distribution and biological effects disparities. This insightful review elucidates the structural intricacies, widespread distribution, and functional significance of IR-A and IR-B. Additionally, it explores the regulatory mechanisms governing alternative splicing processes, intricate signal transduction pathways, and the intricate association linking IR-A and IR-B splicing variants to breast and prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Breast cancer and prostate cancer are the most common malignant tumors with the highest incidence rates among women and men, respectively. These findings provide a promising theoretical framework for advancing preventive strategies, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic interventions targeting breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Gena Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
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3
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van Loon K, van Breest Smallenburg ME, Huijbers EJM, Griffioen AW, van Beijnum JR. Extracellular vimentin as a versatile immune suppressive protein in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188985. [PMID: 37717859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The interest in finding new targets in the tumor microenvironment for anti-cancer therapy has increased rapidly over the years. More specifically, the tumor-associated blood vessels are a promising target. We recently found that the intermediate filament protein vimentin is externalized by endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature. Extracellular vimentin was shown to sustain angiogenesis by mimicking VEGF and supporting cell migration, as well as endothelial cell anergy, the unresponsiveness of the endothelium to proinflammatory cytokines. The latter hampers immune cell infiltration and subsequently provides escape from tumor immunity. Other studies showed that extracellular vimentin plays a role in sustained systemic and local inflammation. Here we will review the reported roles of extracellular vimentin with a particular emphasis on its involvement in the interactions between immune cells and the endothelium in the tumor microenvironment. To this end, we discuss the different ways by which extracellular vimentin modulates the immune system. Moreover, we review how this protein can alter immune cell-vessel wall adhesion by altering the expression of adhesion proteins, attenuating immune cell infiltration into the tumor parenchyma. Finally, we discuss how vimentin-targeting therapy can reverse endothelial cell anergy and promote immune infiltration, supporting anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn van Loon
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilda E van Breest Smallenburg
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J M Huijbers
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CimCure BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CimCure BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CimCure BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Galal MA, Alouch SS, Alsultan BS, Dahman H, Alyabis NA, Alammar SA, Aljada A. Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Insulin Growth Factor-like Receptors: Implications in Cell Signaling, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15006. [PMID: 37834454 PMCID: PMC10573852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in the context of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway. This elaborate system encompasses ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, giving rise to a wide array of functions, including aspects such as carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Detailed genetic analysis of IR and IGFR structures highlights their distinct isoforms, which arise from alternative splicing and exhibit diverse affinities for ligands. Notably, the overexpression of the IR-A isoform is linked to cancer stemness, tumor development, and resistance to targeted therapies. Similarly, elevated IGFR expression accelerates tumor progression and fosters chemoresistance. The review underscores the intricate interplay between IRs and IGFRs, contributing to resistance against anti-IGFR drugs. Consequently, the dual targeting of both receptors could present a more effective strategy for surmounting chemoresistance. To conclude, this review brings to light the pivotal roles played by IRs and IGFRs in cellular signaling, carcinogenesis, and therapy resistance. By precisely modulating these receptors and their complex signaling pathways, the potential emerges for developing enhanced anti-cancer interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Samhar Samer Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthainah Saad Alsultan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdullah Alyabis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ammar Alammar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Luo H, Xia X, Huang LB, An H, Cao M, Kim GD, Chen HN, Zhang WH, Shu Y, Kong X, Ren Z, Li PH, Liu Y, Tang H, Sun R, Li C, Bai B, Jia W, Liu Y, Zhang W, Yang L, Peng Y, Dai L, Hu H, Jiang Y, Hu Y, Zhu J, Jiang H, Li Z, Caulin C, Park J, Xu H. Pan-cancer single-cell analysis reveals the heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6619. [PMID: 36333338 PMCID: PMC9636408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and influence cancer hallmarks, but without systematic investigation on their ubiquitous characteristics across different cancer types. Here, we perform pan-cancer analysis on 226 samples across 10 solid cancer types to profile the TME at single-cell resolution, illustrating the commonalities/plasticity of heterogenous CAFs. Activation trajectory of the major CAF types is divided into three states, exhibiting distinct interactions with other cell components, and relating to prognosis of immunotherapy. Moreover, minor CAF components represent the alternative origin from other TME components (e.g., endothelia and macrophages). Particularly, the ubiquitous presentation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition CAF, which may interact with proximal SPP1+ tumor-associated macrophages, is implicated in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and survival stratifications. Our study comprehensively profiles the shared characteristics and dynamics of CAFs, and highlight their heterogeneity and plasticity across different cancer types. Browser of integrated pan-cancer single-cell information is available at https://gist-fgl.github.io/sc-caf-atlas/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Luo
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of thyroid and parathyroid disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xuyang Xia
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Li-Bin Huang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Hyunsu An
- grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyuan Cao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Gyeong Dae Kim
- grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Wei-Han Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yang Shu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of thyroid and parathyroid disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Zhixiang Ren
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Pei-Heng Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of thyroid and parathyroid disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of thyroid and parathyroid disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Huairong Tang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Health Promotion Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ronghao Sun
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of thyroid and parathyroid disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Chao Li
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Bing Bai
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XState Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Weiguo Jia
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Center for Geriatrics medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yi Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Division of Rheumatism & Immunology, Rare Diseases Center, West Chia Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Li Yang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yong Peng
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yong Jiang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yiguo Hu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of thyroid and parathyroid disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Hong Jiang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Zhihui Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of thyroid and parathyroid disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Carlos Caulin
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Jihwan Park
- grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heng Xu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Division of Laboratory Medicine/Research Centre of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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6
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Extracellular vimentin mimics VEGF and is a target for anti-angiogenic immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2842. [PMID: 35606362 PMCID: PMC9126915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic cancer therapies possess immune-stimulatory properties by counteracting pro-angiogenic molecular mechanisms. We report that tumor endothelial cells ubiquitously overexpress and secrete the intermediate filament protein vimentin through type III unconventional secretion mechanisms. Extracellular vimentin is pro-angiogenic and functionally mimics VEGF action, while concomitantly acting as inhibitor of leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Antibody targeting of extracellular vimentin shows inhibition of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Effective and safe inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth in several preclinical and clinical studies is demonstrated using a vaccination strategy against extracellular vimentin. Targeting vimentin induces a pro-inflammatory condition in the tumor, exemplified by induction of the endothelial adhesion molecule ICAM1, suppression of PD-L1, and altered immune cell profiles. Our findings show that extracellular vimentin contributes to immune suppression and functions as a vascular immune checkpoint molecule. Targeting of extracellular vimentin presents therefore an anti-angiogenic immunotherapy strategy against cancer. The pro-tumorigenic effects of vimentin have been attributed to intracellular functions in tumour cells so far. Here, the authors show that tumour endothelial cells can secrete vimentin as a pro-angiogenic factor and that targeting of vimentin can be used as an immunotherapeutic strategy.
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7
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Li Y, Li X, Chen H, Sun K, Li H, Zhou Y, Wang J, Bai F, Yang F. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the multi-cellular ecosystem in different radiological components of pulmonary part-solid nodules. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e723. [PMID: 35184398 PMCID: PMC8858630 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-stage lung adenocarcinoma that radiologically manifests as part-solid nodules, consisting of both ground-glass and solid components, has distinctive growth patterns and prognosis. The characteristics of the tumour microenvironment and transcriptional features of the malignant cells of different radiological phenotypes remain poorly understood. METHODS Twelve treatment-naive patients with radiological part-solid nodules were enrolled. After frozen pathology was confirmed as lung adenocarcinoma, two regions (ground-glass and solid) from each of the 12 part-solid nodules and 5 normal lung tissues from 5 of the12 patients were subjected to single-cell sequencing by 10x Genomics. We used Seurat v3.1.5 for data integration and analysis. RESULTS We comprehensively dissected the multicellular ecosystem of the ground-glass and solid components of part-solid nodules at the single-cell resolution. In tumours, these components had comparable proportions of malignant cells. However, the angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, KRAS, p53, and cell-cycle signalling pathways were significantly up-regulated in malignant cells within solid components compared to those within ground-glass components. For the tumour microenvironment, the relative abundance of myeloid and NK cells tended to be higher in solid components than in ground-glass components. Slight subtype composition differences existed between the ground-glass and solid components. The T/NK cell subsets' cytotoxic function and the macrophages' pro-inflammation function were suppressed in solid components. Moreover, pericytes in solid components had a stronger communication related to angiogenesis promotion with endothelial cells and tumour cells. CONCLUSION The cellular landscape of ground-glass components is significantly different from that of normal tissue and similar to that of solid components. However, transcriptional differences exist in the vital signalling pathways of malignant and immune cells within these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life Sciences & Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeople's Hospital, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life Sciences & Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeople's Hospital, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haiming Chen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life Sciences & Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeople's Hospital, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kunkun Sun
- Department of PathologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hao Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life Sciences & Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeople's Hospital, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of PathologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life Sciences & Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeople's Hospital, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life Sciences & Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeople's Hospital, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG)Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fan Yang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life Sciences & Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeople's Hospital, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
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8
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Insulin is expressed by enteroendocrine cells during human fetal development. Nat Med 2021; 27:2104-2107. [PMID: 34887578 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Generation of beta cells via transdifferentiation of other cell types is a promising avenue for the treatment of diabetes. Here we reconstruct a single-cell atlas of the human fetal and neonatal small intestine. We identify a subset of fetal enteroendocrine K/L cells that express high levels of insulin and other beta cell genes. Our findings highlight a potential extra-pancreatic source of beta cells and expose its molecular blueprint.
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9
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Li MT, Ke J, Guo SF, Wu Y, Bian YF, Shan LL, Liu QY, Huo YJ, Guo C, Liu MY, Liu YJ, Han Y. The Protective Effect of Quercetin on Endothelial Cells Injured by Hypoxia and Reoxygenation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732874. [PMID: 34744717 PMCID: PMC8564287 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a group of clinical syndromes covering all pathological processes of small vessels in the brain, which can cause stroke and serious dementia. However, as the pathogenesis of CSVD is not clear, so the treatment is limited. Endothelial cell dysfunction is earlier than clinical symptoms, such as hypertension and leukosis. Therefore, the treatment of endothelial cells is expected to be a new breakthrough. Quercetin, a flavonoid present in a variety of plants, has the function of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin on endothelial cell injury and provide a basic theory for subsequent application in the clinic. Methods: Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were cultured in vitro, and the injury model of endothelial cells was established by hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R). The protective effects of quercetin on HBMECs were studied from the perspectives of cell viability, cell migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis. In order to further study the mechanism of quercetin, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress were analyzed. What's more, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was also studied. Results: Quercetin can promote the viability, migration and angiogenesis of HBMECs, and inhibit the apoptosis. In addition, quercetin can also activate Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduce ATF6/GRP78 protein expression. Further study showed that quercetin could increase the expression of Claudin-5 and Zonula occludens-1. Conclusions: Our experiments show that quercetin can protect HBMECs from H/R, which contains promoting cell proliferation, cell migration and angiogenesis, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential damage and inhibiting cell apoptosis. This may be related to its antioxidation and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. At the same time, quercetin can increase the level of BBB connexin, suggesting that quercetin can maintain BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Fen Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Feng Bian
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Shan
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jing Huo
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Di Matteo A, Belloni E, Pradella D, Cappelletto A, Volf N, Zacchigna S, Ghigna C. Alternative splicing in endothelial cells: novel therapeutic opportunities in cancer angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:275. [PMID: 33287867 PMCID: PMC7720527 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a pervasive molecular process generating multiple protein isoforms, from a single gene. It plays fundamental roles during development, differentiation and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, while aberrant AS is considered a hallmark of multiple diseases, including cancer. Cancer-restricted AS isoforms represent either predictive biomarkers for diagnosis/prognosis or targets for anti-cancer therapies. Here, we discuss the contribution of AS regulation in cancer angiogenesis, a complex process supporting disease development and progression. We consider AS programs acting in a specific and non-redundant manner to influence morphological and functional changes involved in cancer angiogenesis. In particular, we describe relevant AS variants or splicing regulators controlling either secreted or membrane-bound angiogenic factors, which may represent attractive targets for therapeutic interventions in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Matteo
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Belloni
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Pradella
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ambra Cappelletto
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nina Volf
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Claudia Ghigna
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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11
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Massalha H, Bahar Halpern K, Abu‐Gazala S, Jana T, Massasa EE, Moor AE, Buchauer L, Rozenberg M, Pikarsky E, Amit I, Zamir G, Itzkovitz S. A single cell atlas of the human liver tumor microenvironment. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9682. [PMID: 33332768 PMCID: PMC7746227 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cell growth is fueled by interactions between tumor cells and the stromal cells composing the tumor microenvironment. The human liver is a major site of tumors and metastases, but molecular identities and intercellular interactions of different cell types have not been resolved in these pathologies. Here, we apply single cell RNA-sequencing and spatial analysis of malignant and adjacent non-malignant liver tissues from five patients with cholangiocarcinoma or liver metastases. We find that stromal cells exhibit recurring, patient-independent expression programs, and reconstruct a ligand-receptor map that highlights recurring tumor-stroma interactions. By combining transcriptomics of laser-capture microdissected regions, we reconstruct a zonation atlas of hepatocytes in the non-malignant sites and characterize the spatial distribution of each cell type across the tumor microenvironment. Our analysis provides a resource for understanding human liver malignancies and may expose potential points of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Massalha
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Samir Abu‐Gazala
- Department of General SurgeryHadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Transplant DivisionDepartment of SurgeryHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Tamar Jana
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Efi E Massasa
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZürichBaselSwitzerland
| | - Lisa Buchauer
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Milena Rozenberg
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- The Lautenberg Center for ImmunologyInstitute for Medical Research Israel‐CanadaHebrew University Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Gideon Zamir
- Department of General SurgeryHadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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12
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Scalia P, Giordano A, Martini C, Williams SJ. Isoform- and Paralog-Switching in IR-Signaling: When Diabetes Opens the Gates to Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121617. [PMID: 33266015 PMCID: PMC7761347 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) and IR-related signaling defects have been shown to trigger insulin-resistance in insulin-dependent cells and ultimately to give rise to type 2 diabetes in mammalian organisms. IR expression is ubiquitous in mammalian tissues, and its over-expression is also a common finding in cancerous cells. This latter finding has been shown to associate with both a relative and absolute increase in IR isoform-A (IR-A) expression, missing 12 aa in its EC subunit corresponding to exon 11. Since IR-A is a high-affinity transducer of Insulin-like Growth Factor-II (IGF-II) signals, a growth factor is often secreted by cancer cells; such event offers a direct molecular link between IR-A/IR-B increased ratio in insulin resistance states (obesity and type 2 diabetes) and the malignant advantage provided by IGF-II to solid tumors. Nonetheless, recent findings on the biological role of isoforms for cellular signaling components suggest that the preferential expression of IR isoform-A may be part of a wider contextual isoform-expression switch in downstream regulatory factors, potentially enhancing IR-dependent oncogenic effects. The present review focuses on the role of isoform- and paralog-dependent variability in the IR and downstream cellular components playing a potential role in the modulation of the IR-A signaling related to the changes induced by insulin-resistance-linked conditions as well as to their relationship with the benign versus malignant transition in underlying solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Scalia
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Network, Functional Research Unit, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 52100 Siena, Italy
| | - Caroline Martini
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Stephen J. Williams
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Network, Functional Research Unit, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
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13
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Chen YS, Liu CW, Lin YC, Tsai CY, Yang CH, Lin JC. The SRSF3-MBNL1-Acin1 circuit constitutes an emerging axis to lessen DNA fragmentation in colorectal cancer via an alternative splicing mechanism. Neoplasia 2020; 22:702-713. [PMID: 33142236 PMCID: PMC7586066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered alternative splicing (AS) events are considered pervasive causes that result in the development of carcinogenesis. Herein, we identified reprogrammed expression and splicing profiles of Muscle blind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) transcripts in tumorous tissues compared to those of adjacent normal tissues dissected from individual colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using whole-transcriptome analyses. MBNL1 transcript 8 (MBNL18) containing exons 5 and 7 was majorly generated by cancerous tissues and CRC-derived cell lines compared with those of the normal counterparts. Interplay between the exonic CA-rich element and upregulated SRSF3 facilitated the inclusion of MBNL1 exons 5 and 7, which encode a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) and conformational NLS. Moreover, abundant SRSF3 interfered with the autoregulatory mechanism involved in utilization of MBNL1 exons 5 and 7, resulting in enrichment of the MBNL18 isoform in cultured CRC cell lines. Subsequently, an increase in the MBNL18 isoform drove a shift in the apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer in nucleus 1-S (Acin1-S) isoform to the Acin1-L isoform, leading to diminished DNA fragmentation in cultured CRC cells under oxidative stress. Taken together, SRSF3-MBNL1-Acin1 was demonstrated to constitute an emerging axis which is relevant to proapoptotic signatures and post-transcriptional events of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Su Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Liu
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Science, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Tsai
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Abstract
Oxygen is essential to most organisms as it is a necessity for aerobic metabolism and energy production. Too much or too little oxygen can be deadly, such that mechanisms for fast and titrated response to changing oxygen levels are crucial. These mechanisms have evolved from the studies of Gregg L. Semenza, William G. Kaelin and Peter J. Ratcliffe. It is through the work of their three laboratories, performed in the 1990s, that the cellular oxygen sensing mechanisms have been decoded. Their discoveries have had major impact for innovation in medicine, especially in the field of angiogenesis research, where oxygen sensing and its consequences have led to enhanced insight in vascular development and strategies for combating angiogenic diseases. On October 7, the Nobel Assembly in Stockholm announced at the Karolinska Institute that the Nobel Prize for Medicine 2019 is jointly awarded to these three scientists for their seminal discoveries on how cells sense and respond to oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Karp Family Research Labs, Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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15
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Manipulation of Metabolic Pathways and Its Consequences for Anti-Tumor Immunity: A Clinical Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114030. [PMID: 32512898 PMCID: PMC7312891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the relatively short history of anti-tumor treatment, numerous medications have been developed against a variety of targets. Intriguingly, although many anti-tumor strategies have failed in their clinical trials, metformin, an anti-diabetic medication, demonstrated anti-tumor effects in observational studies and even showed its synergistic potential with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in subsequent clinical studies. Looking back from bedside-to-bench, it may not be surprising that the anti-tumor effect of metformin derives largely from its ability to rewire aberrant metabolic pathways within the tumor microenvironment. As one of the most promising breakthroughs in oncology, ICIs were also found to exert their immune-stimulatory effects at least partly via rewiring metabolic pathways. These findings underscore the importance of correcting metabolic pathways to achieve sufficient anti-tumor immunity. Herein, we start by introducing the tumor microenvironment, and then we review the implications of metabolic syndrome and treatments for targeting metabolic pathways in anti-tumor therapies. We further summarize the close associations of certain aberrant metabolic pathways with impaired anti-tumor immunity and introduce the therapeutic effects of targeting these routes. Lastly, we go through the metabolic effects of ICIs and conclude an overall direction to manipulate metabolic pathways in favor of anti-tumor responses.
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16
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Kim N, Kim HK, Lee K, Hong Y, Cho JH, Choi JW, Lee JI, Suh YL, Ku BM, Eum HH, Choi S, Choi YL, Joung JG, Park WY, Jung HA, Sun JM, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Park K, Ahn MJ, Lee HO. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrates the molecular and cellular reprogramming of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2285. [PMID: 32385277 PMCID: PMC7210975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced metastatic cancer poses utmost clinical challenges and may present molecular and cellular features distinct from an early-stage cancer. Herein, we present single-cell transcriptome profiling of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, the most prevalent histological lung cancer type diagnosed at stage IV in over 40% of all cases. From 208,506 cells populating the normal tissues or early to metastatic stage cancer in 44 patients, we identify a cancer cell subtype deviating from the normal differentiation trajectory and dominating the metastatic stage. In all stages, the stromal and immune cell dynamics reveal ontological and functional changes that create a pro-tumoral and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Normal resident myeloid cell populations are gradually replaced with monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, along with T-cell exhaustion. This extensive single-cell analysis enhances our understanding of molecular and cellular dynamics in metastatic lung cancer and reveals potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer-microenvironment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Hong Kwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Kyungjong Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 06351, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yourae Hong
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jung Won Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Yeon-Lim Suh
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Bo Mi Ku
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Eum
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Soyean Choi
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Jung
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea.
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17
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IGF-binding proteins 3 and 4 are regulators of sprouting angiogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2561-2572. [PMID: 32133604 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously identified insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) as essential proteins for tip cell maintenance and sprouting angiogenesis. In this study, we aim to identify other IGF family members involved in endothelial sprouting angiogenesis. METHODS Effects on sprouting were analyzed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using the spheroid-based sprouting model, and were quantified as mean number of sprouts per spheroid and average sprout length. RNA silencing technology was used to knockdown gene expression. Recombinant forms of the ligands (IGF1 and IGF2, insulin) and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) 3 and 4 were used to induce excess effects. Effects on the tip cell phenotype were analyzed by measuring the fraction of CD34+ tip cells using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in a 3D angiogenesis model. Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of serum. RESULTS Knockdown of IGF2 inhibited sprouting in HUVECs, in particular when cultured in the absence of serum, suggesting that components in serum influence the signaling of IGF2 in angiogenesis in vitro. We then determined the effects of IGFBP3 and IGFBP4, which are both present in serum, on IGF2-IGF1R signaling in sprouting angiogenesis in the absence of serum: knockdown of IGFBP3 significantly reduced sprouting angiogenesis, whereas knockdown of IGFBP4 resulted in increased sprouting angiogenesis in both flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of the 3D angiogenesis model. Other IGF family members except INSR did not affect IGF2-IGF1R signaling. CONCLUSIONS Serum components and IGF binding proteins regulate IGF2 effects on sprouting angiogenesis. Whereas IGFBP3 acts as co-factor for IGF2-IGF1R binding, IGFBP4 inhibits IGF2 signaling.
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18
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Belloni E, Di Matteo A, Pradella D, Vacca M, Wyatt CDR, Alfieri R, Maffia A, Sabbioneda S, Ghigna C. Gene Expression Profiles Controlled by the Alternative Splicing Factor Nova2 in Endothelial Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121498. [PMID: 31771184 PMCID: PMC6953062 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) plays an important role in expanding the complexity of the human genome through the production of specialized proteins regulating organ development and physiological functions, as well as contributing to several pathological conditions. How AS programs impact on the signaling pathways controlling endothelial cell (EC) functions and vascular development is largely unknown. Here we identified, through RNA-seq, changes in mRNA steady-state levels in ECs caused by the neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2 (Nova2), a key AS regulator of the vascular morphogenesis. Bioinformatics analyses identified significant enrichment for genes regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (Ppar-γ) and E2F1 transcription factors. We also showed that Nova2 in ECs controlled the AS profiles of Ppar-γ and E2F dimerization partner 2 (Tfdp2), thus generating different protein isoforms with distinct function (Ppar-γ) or subcellular localization (Tfdp2). Collectively, our results supported a mechanism whereby Nova2 integrated splicing decisions in order to regulate Ppar-γ and E2F1 activities. Our data added a layer to the sequential series of events controlled by Nova2 in ECs to orchestrate vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Belloni
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Di Matteo
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Davide Pradella
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Margherita Vacca
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Christopher D. R. Wyatt
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Claudia Ghigna
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.B.); (A.D.M.); (D.P.); (M.V.); (R.A.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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PinX1 represses renal cancer angiogenesis via the mir-125a-3p/VEGF signaling pathway. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:507-519. [PMID: 31254127 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PIN2/TRF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PinX1) is a tumor suppressor in various tumors. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PinX1's role in cancer development and progression remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to uncover the new molecular mechanism and role of PinX1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression. METHODS We used miRNA microarray to detect the different expressed miRNAs upon PinX1 knockdown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and Luciferase reporter assays were taken to identify the molecular mechanism of PinX1 in regulating mir-125-3p. In situ hybridization was performed to analyze the expression of mir-125a-3p in RCC using tissue microarray. The correlations between the mir-125a-3p expression level and clinicopathological features were evaluated using the χ2 test. The role and molecular mechanism of PinX1 in RCC angiogenesis were investigated through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS In this study, we discovered a new molecular mechanism of PinX1, in which PinX1 transcriptionally activated mir-125a-3p expression, thereby inhibiting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is the target gene of mir-125a-3p. PinX1 also repressed tumor angiogenesis by increasing the mir-125a-3p expression in renal cancer. Moreover, the loss of mir-125a-3p expression was manifested in patients with RCC, and low miR-125a-3p levels correlated with poor survival of these patients. CONCLUSIONS PinX1 represses renal cancer angiogenesis through mir-125a-3p/VEGF signal pathway. The miR-125a-3p may be a candidate clinical prognostic marker and a novel therapeutic target in RCC.
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