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Brewer MK, Torres P, Ayala V, Portero-Otin M, Pamplona R, Andrés-Benito P, Ferrer I, Guinovart JJ, Duran J. Glycogen accumulation modulates life span in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 2024; 168:744-759. [PMID: 37401737 PMCID: PMC10764643 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, have been shown to contribute to neurodegeneration in ALS, and metabolic dysfunction plays an important role in the progression of the disease. Glycogen is a soluble polymer of glucose found at low levels in the central nervous system that plays an important role in memory formation, synaptic plasticity, and the prevention of seizures. However, its accumulation in astrocytes and/or neurons is associated with pathological conditions and aging. Importantly, glycogen accumulation has been reported in the spinal cord of human ALS patients and mouse models. In the present work, using the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, we show that glycogen accumulates in the spinal cord and brainstem during symptomatic and end stages of the disease and that the accumulated glycogen is associated with reactive astrocytes. To study the contribution of glycogen to ALS progression, we generated SOD1G93A mice with reduced glycogen synthesis (SOD1G93A GShet mice). SOD1G93A GShet mice had a significantly longer life span than SOD1G93A mice and showed lower levels of the astrocytic pro-inflammatory cytokine Cxcl10, suggesting that the accumulation of glycogen is associated with an inflammatory response. Supporting this, inducing an increase in glycogen synthesis reduced life span in SOD1G93A mice. Altogether, these results suggest that glycogen in reactive astrocytes contributes to neurotoxicity and disease progression in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kathryn Brewer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Barcelona (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pascual Torres
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Victòria Ayala
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Joan J. Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Barcelona (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Barcelona (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Aragón-González A, Shaw AC, Kok JR, Roussel FS, Santos Souza CD, Granger SM, Vetter T, de Diego Y, Meyer KC, Beal SN, Shaw PJ, Ferraiuolo L. C9ORF72 patient-derived endothelial cells drive blood-brain barrier disruption and contribute to neurotoxicity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38605366 PMCID: PMC11007886 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a highly intricate and dynamic interface connecting the brain and the bloodstream, playing a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis. BBB dysfunction has been associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, the role of the BBB in neurodegeneration is understudied. We developed an ALS patient-derived model of the BBB by using cells derived from 5 patient donors carrying C9ORF72 mutations. Brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMEC-like cells) derived from C9ORF72-ALS patients showed altered gene expression, compromised barrier integrity, and increased P-glycoprotein transporter activity. In addition, mitochondrial metabolic tests demonstrated that C9ORF72-ALS BMECs display a significant decrease in basal glycolysis accompanied by increased basal and ATP-linked respiration. Moreover, our study reveals that C9-ALS derived astrocytes can further affect BMECs function and affect the expression of the glucose transporter Glut-1. Finally, C9ORF72 patient-derived BMECs form leaky barriers through a cell-autonomous mechanism and have neurotoxic properties towards motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aragón-González
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain.
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA.
| | - Allan C Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jannigje R Kok
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Florence S Roussel
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah M Granger
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tatyana Vetter
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yolanda de Diego
- Research Group PAIDI CTS-546, Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Kathrin C Meyer
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH 43205, Columbus, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Selina N Beal
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385 Glossop Road, S10 2HQ, Sheffield, UK.
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3
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Pelaez MC, Desmeules A, Gelon PA, Glasson B, Marcadet L, Rodgers A, Phaneuf D, Pozzi S, Dutchak PA, Julien JP, Sephton CF. Neuronal dysfunction caused by FUSR521G promotes ALS-associated phenotypes that are attenuated by NF-κB inhibition. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:182. [PMID: 37974279 PMCID: PMC10652582 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are related neurodegenerative diseases that belong to a common disease spectrum based on overlapping clinical, pathological and genetic evidence. Early pathological changes to the morphology and synapses of affected neuron populations in ALS/FTD suggest a common underlying mechanism of disease that requires further investigation. Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a DNA/RNA-binding protein with known genetic and pathological links to ALS/FTD. Expression of ALS-linked FUS mutants in mice causes cognitive and motor defects, which correlate with loss of motor neuron dendritic branching and synapses, in addition to other pathological features of ALS/FTD. The role of ALS-linked FUS mutants in causing ALS/FTD-associated disease phenotypes is well established, but there are significant gaps in our understanding of the cell-autonomous role of FUS in promoting structural changes to motor neurons, and how these changes relate to disease progression. Here we generated a neuron-specific FUS-transgenic mouse model expressing the ALS-linked human FUSR521G variant, hFUSR521G/Syn1, to investigate the cell-autonomous role of FUSR521G in causing loss of dendritic branching and synapses of motor neurons, and to understand how these changes relate to ALS-associated phenotypes. Longitudinal analysis of mice revealed that cognitive impairments in juvenile hFUSR521G/Syn1 mice coincide with reduced dendritic branching of cortical motor neurons in the absence of motor impairments or changes in the neuromorphology of spinal motor neurons. Motor impairments and dendritic attrition of spinal motor neurons developed later in aged hFUSR521G/Syn1 mice, along with FUS cytoplasmic mislocalisation, mitochondrial abnormalities and glial activation. Neuroinflammation promotes neuronal dysfunction and drives disease progression in ALS/FTD. The therapeutic effects of inhibiting the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway with an analog of Withaferin A, IMS-088, were assessed in symptomatic hFUSR521G/Syn1 mice and were found to improve cognitive and motor function, increase dendritic branches and synapses of motor neurons, and attenuate other ALS/FTD-associated pathological features. Treatment of primary cortical neurons expressing FUSR521G with IMS-088 promoted the restoration of dendritic mitochondrial numbers and mitochondrial activity to wild-type levels, suggesting that inhibition of NF-κB permits the restoration of mitochondrial stasis in our models. Collectively, this work demonstrates that FUSR521G has a cell-autonomous role in causing early pathological changes to dendritic and synaptic structures of motor neurons, and that these changes precede motor defects and other well-known pathological features of ALS/FTD. Finally, these findings provide further support that modulation of the NF-κB pathway in ALS/FTD is an important therapeutic approach to attenuate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Carmen Pelaez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Desmeules
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline A Gelon
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Bastien Glasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Laetitia Marcadet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Alicia Rodgers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Phaneuf
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia Pozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Paul A Dutchak
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Chantelle F Sephton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Provenzano F, Torazza C, Bonifacino T, Bonanno G, Milanese M. The Key Role of Astrocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Their Commitment to Glutamate Excitotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15430. [PMID: 37895110 PMCID: PMC10607805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been increasing evidence supporting non-neuronal cells as active contributors to neurodegenerative disorders. Among glial cells, astrocytes play a pivotal role in driving amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression, leading the scientific community to focus on the "astrocytic signature" in ALS. Here, we summarized the main pathological mechanisms characterizing astrocyte contribution to MN damage and ALS progression, such as neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, energy metabolism impairment, miRNAs and extracellular vesicles contribution, autophagy dysfunction, protein misfolding, and altered neurotrophic factor release. Since glutamate excitotoxicity is one of the most relevant ALS features, we focused on the specific contribution of ALS astrocytes in this aspect, highlighting the known or potential molecular mechanisms by which astrocytes participate in increasing the extracellular glutamate level in ALS and, conversely, undergo the toxic effect of the excessive glutamate. In this scenario, astrocytes can behave as "producers" and "targets" of the high extracellular glutamate levels, going through changes that can affect themselves and, in turn, the neuronal and non-neuronal surrounding cells, thus actively impacting the ALS course. Moreover, this review aims to point out knowledge gaps that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.P.); (C.T.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.P.); (C.T.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.P.); (C.T.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.P.); (C.T.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16148 Genova, Italy; (F.P.); (C.T.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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5
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Vahsen BF, Nalluru S, Morgan GR, Farrimond L, Carroll E, Xu Y, Cramb KML, Amein B, Scaber J, Katsikoudi A, Candalija A, Carcolé M, Dafinca R, Isaacs AM, Wade-Martins R, Gray E, Turner MR, Cowley SA, Talbot K. C9orf72-ALS human iPSC microglia are pro-inflammatory and toxic to co-cultured motor neurons via MMP9. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5898. [PMID: 37736756 PMCID: PMC10517114 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron loss, with additional pathophysiological involvement of non-neuronal cells such as microglia. The commonest ALS-associated genetic variant is a hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) mutation in C9orf72. Here, we study its consequences for microglial function using human iPSC-derived microglia. By RNA-sequencing, we identify enrichment of pathways associated with immune cell activation and cyto-/chemokines in C9orf72 HRE mutant microglia versus healthy controls, most prominently after LPS priming. Specifically, LPS-primed C9orf72 HRE mutant microglia show consistently increased expression and release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). LPS-primed C9orf72 HRE mutant microglia are toxic to co-cultured healthy motor neurons, which is ameliorated by concomitant application of an MMP9 inhibitor. Finally, we identify release of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as a marker for MMP9-dependent microglial dysregulation in co-culture. These results demonstrate cellular dysfunction of C9orf72 HRE mutant microglia, and a non-cell-autonomous role in driving C9orf72-ALS pathophysiology in motor neurons through MMP9 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn F Vahsen
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Sumedha Nalluru
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Georgia R Morgan
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lucy Farrimond
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Emily Carroll
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Yinyan Xu
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Kaitlyn M L Cramb
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Benazir Amein
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jakub Scaber
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Antigoni Katsikoudi
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ana Candalija
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mireia Carcolé
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WCIN 3BG, UK
| | - Ruxandra Dafinca
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Adrian M Isaacs
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WCIN 3BG, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Martin R Turner
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- James and Lillian Martin Centre for Stem Cell Research, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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Xu Y, Geng Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Qi J, Li F, Hu X, Chen Y, Si H, Li Y, Wang X, Xu H, Kong J, Cai Y, Wu A, Ni W, Xiao J, Zhou K. Cyclic helix B peptide alleviates proinflammatory cell death and improves functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102767. [PMID: 37290302 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necroptosis and pyroptosis, two types of proinflammatory programmed cell death, were recently found to play important roles in spinal cord injury (SCI). Moreover, cyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) was designed to maintain erythropoietin (EPO) activity and protect tissue against the adverse effects of EPO. However, the protective mechanism of CHBP following SCI is still unknown. This research explored the necroptosis- and pyroptosis-related mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of CHBP after SCI. METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and RNA sequencing were used to identify the molecular mechanisms of CHBP for SCI. A mouse model of contusion SCI was constructed, and HE staining, Nissl staining, Masson staining, footprint analysis and the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) were applied for histological and behavioural analyses. qPCR, Western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were utilized to analyse the levels of necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and molecules associated with the AMPK signalling pathway. RESULTS The results revealed that CHBP significantly improved functional restoration, elevated autophagy, suppressed pyroptosis, and mitigated necroptosis after SCI. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, attenuated these beneficial effects of CHBP. Furthermore, CHBP-triggered elevation of autophagy was mediated by the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of TFEB, and this effect was due to stimulation of the AMPK-FOXO3a-SPK2-CARM1 and AMPK-mTOR signalling pathways. CONCLUSION CHBP acts as a powerful regulator of autophagy that improves functional recovery by alleviating proinflammatory cell death after SCI and thus might be a prospective therapeutic agent for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yibo Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jianjun Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yi jishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Feida Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yituo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Haipeng Si
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jianzhong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yuepiao Cai
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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7
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Li C, Wu Y, Huang MY, Song XJ. Characterization of Inflammatory Signals in BV-2 Microglia in Response to Wnt3a. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041121. [PMID: 37189739 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglia is one of the pathological bases of neuroinflammation, which involves various diseases of the central nervous system. Inhibiting the inflammatory activation of microglia is a therapeutic approach to neuroinflammation. In this study, we report that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a model of neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/IFN-γ-stimulated BV-2 cells can result in inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway also results in inhibition of the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated BV-2 cells. These findings indicate that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can inhibit neuroinflammation through downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines including iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6, and suppress NF-κB/ERK-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study indicates that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation may play an important role in neuroprotection in certain neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming-Yue Huang
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue-Jun Song
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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8
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Soares P, Silva C, Chavarria D, Silva FSG, Oliveira PJ, Borges F. Drug discovery and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Emerging challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101790. [PMID: 36402404 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) leading to paralysis and, ultimately, death by respiratory failure 3-5 years after diagnosis. Edaravone and Riluzole, the only drugs currently approved for ALS treatment, only provide mild symptomatic relief to patients. Extraordinary progress in understanding the biology of ALS provided new grounds for drug discovery. Over the last two decades, mitochondria and oxidative stress (OS), iron metabolism and ferroptosis, and the major regulators of hypoxia and inflammation - HIF and NF-κB - emerged as promising targets for ALS therapeutic intervention. In this review, we focused our attention on these targets to outline and discuss current advances in ALS drug development. Based on the challenges and the roadblocks, we believe that the rational design of multi-target ligands able to modulate the complex network of events behind the disease can provide effective therapies in a foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Soares
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Catia Silva
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filomena S G Silva
- CNC - CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; IIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Amorós MA, Choi ES, Cofré AR, Dokholyan NV, Duzzioni M. Motor neuron-derived induced pluripotent stem cells as a drug screening platform for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:962881. [PMID: 36105357 PMCID: PMC9467621 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.962881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cell culture models that recapitulate the etiology and features of nervous system diseases is central to the discovery of new drugs and their translation onto therapies. Neuronal tissues are inaccessible due to skeletal constraints and the invasiveness of the procedure to obtain them. Thus, the emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers the opportunity to model different neuronal pathologies. Our focus centers on iPSCs derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, whose pathology remains in urgent need of new drugs and treatment. In this sense, we aim to revise the process to obtain motor neurons derived iPSCs (iPSC-MNs) from patients with ALS as a drug screening model, review current 3D-models and offer a perspective on bioinformatics as a powerful tool that can aid in the progress of finding new pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Amorós
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Esther S. Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Axel R. Cofré
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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10
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4-Phenylbutyric Acid (4-PBA) Derivatives Prevent SOD1 Amyloid Aggregation In Vitro with No Effect on Disease Progression in SOD1-ALS Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169403. [PMID: 36012668 PMCID: PMC9409193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. Mutations in the superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene, causing protein misfolding and aggregation, were suggested as the pathogenic mechanisms involved in familial ALS cases. In the present study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of C4 and C5, two derivatives of the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA). By combining in vivo and in vitro techniques, we show that, although C4 and C5 successfully inhibited amyloid aggregation of recombinant mutant SOD1 in a dose-dependent manner, they failed to suppress the accumulation of misfolded SOD1. Moreover, C4 or C5 daily injections to SOD1G93A mice following onset had no effect on either the accumulation of misfolded SOD1 or the neuroinflammatory response in the spinal cord and, consequently, failed to extend the survival of SOD1G93A mice or to improve their motor symptoms. Finally, pharmacokinetic (PK) studies demonstrated that high concentrations of C4 and C5 reached the brain and spinal cord but only for a short period of time. Thus, our findings suggest that use of such chemical chaperones for ALS drug development may need to be optimized for more effective results.
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11
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Vahsen BF, Gray E, Candalija A, Cramb KML, Scaber J, Dafinca R, Katsikoudi A, Xu Y, Farrimond L, Wade-Martins R, James WS, Turner MR, Cowley SA, Talbot K. Human iPSC co-culture model to investigate the interaction between microglia and motor neurons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12606. [PMID: 35871163 PMCID: PMC9308778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are primarily characterized by motor neuron degeneration with additional involvement of non-neuronal cells, in particular, microglia. In previous work, we have established protocols for the differentiation of iPSC-derived spinal motor neurons and microglia. Here, we combine both cell lineages and establish a novel co-culture of iPSC-derived spinal motor neurons and microglia, which is compatible with motor neuron identity and function. Co-cultured microglia express key identity markers and transcriptomically resemble primary human microglia, have highly dynamic ramifications, are phagocytically competent, release relevant cytokines and respond to stimulation. Further, they express key amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated genes and release disease-relevant biomarkers. This novel and authentic human model system facilitates the study of physiological motor neuron-microglia crosstalk and will allow the investigation of non-cell-autonomous phenotypes in motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn F Vahsen
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ana Candalija
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kaitlyn M L Cramb
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Jakub Scaber
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ruxandra Dafinca
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Antigoni Katsikoudi
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Yinyan Xu
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), CAMS Oxford Institute (COI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Lucy Farrimond
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - William S James
- James and Lillian Martin Centre for Stem Cell Research, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Martin R Turner
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- James and Lillian Martin Centre for Stem Cell Research, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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12
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Bassani D, Pavan M, Federico S, Spalluto G, Sturlese M, Moro S. The Multifaceted Role of GPCRs in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A New Therapeutic Perspective? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4504. [PMID: 35562894 PMCID: PMC9106011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerating disease involving the motor neurons, which causes a progressive loss of movement ability, usually leading to death within 2 to 5 years from the diagnosis. Much effort has been put into research for an effective therapy for its eradication, but still, no cure is available. The only two drugs approved for this pathology, Riluzole and Edaravone, are onlyable to slow down the inevitable disease progression. As assessed in the literature, drug targets such as protein kinases have already been extensively examined as potential drug targets for ALS, with some molecules already in clinical trials. Here, we focus on the involvement of another very important and studied class of biological entities, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), in the onset and progression of ALS. This workaimsto give an overview of what has been already discovered on the topic, providing useful information and insights that can be used by scientists all around the world who are putting efforts into the fight against this very important neurodegenerating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bassani
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Matteo Pavan
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.B.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
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13
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Swash M. Modulation of spinal inhibition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13801. [PMID: 35170853 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Swash
- Department of Neurology Barts and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK
- Institute of Neuroscience (Physiology) University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
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14
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Yoshikawa M, Aizawa S, Oppenheim RW, Milligan C. Neurovascular unit pathology is observed very early in disease progression in the mutant SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Chitu V, Biundo F, Stanley ER. Colony stimulating factors in the nervous system. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101511. [PMID: 34743926 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although traditionally seen as regulators of hematopoiesis, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have emerged as important players in the nervous system, both in health and disease. This review summarizes the cellular sources, patterns of expression and physiological roles of the macrophage (CSF-1, IL-34), granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CSF) and granulocyte (G-CSF) colony stimulating factors within the nervous system, with a particular focus on their actions on microglia. CSF-1 and IL-34, via the CSF-1R, are required for the development, proliferation and maintenance of essentially all CNS microglia in a temporal and regional specific manner. In contrast, in steady state, GM-CSF and G-CSF are mainly involved in regulation of microglial function. The alterations in expression of these growth factors and their receptors, that have been reported in several neurological diseases, are described and the outcomes of their therapeutic targeting in mouse models and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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16
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Rossi S, Cozzolino M. Dysfunction of RNA/RNA-Binding Proteins in ALS Astrocytes and Microglia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113005. [PMID: 34831228 PMCID: PMC8616248 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurological disease that primarily affects motor neurons in the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. The process that leads to motor neuron degeneration is strongly influenced by non-motor neuronal events that occur in a variety of cell types. Among these, neuroinflammatory processes mediated by activated astrocytes and microglia play a relevant role. In recent years, it has become clear that dysregulation of essential steps of RNA metabolism, as a consequence of alterations in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), is a central event in the degeneration of motor neurons. Yet, a causal link between dysfunctional RNA metabolism and the neuroinflammatory processes mediated by astrocytes and microglia in ALS has been poorly defined. In this review, we will discuss the available evidence showing that RBPs and associated RNA processing are affected in ALS astrocytes and microglia, and the possible mechanisms involved in these events.
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17
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All Roads Lead to Rome: Different Molecular Players Converge to Common Toxic Pathways in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092438. [PMID: 34572087 PMCID: PMC8468417 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington’s disease (HD) are being suggested to have common cellular and molecular pathological mechanisms, characterized mainly by protein misfolding and aggregation. These large inclusions, most likely, represent an end stage of a molecular cascade; however, the soluble misfolded proteins, which take part in earlier steps of this cascade, are the more toxic players. These pathological proteins, which characterize each specific disease, lead to the selective vulnerability of different neurons, likely resulting from a combination of different intracellular mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, proteasome inhibition, excitotoxicity, oxidative damage, defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport, defective axonal transport and neuroinflammation. Damage within these neurons is enhanced by damage from the nonneuronal cells, via inflammatory processes that accelerate the progression of these diseases. In this review, while acknowledging the hallmark proteins which characterize the most common NDDs; we place specific focus on the common overlapping mechanisms leading to disease pathology despite these different molecular players and discuss how this convergence may occur, with the ultimate hope that therapies effective in one disease may successfully translate to another.
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18
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Sahana TG, Zhang K. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080969. [PMID: 34440173 PMCID: PMC8394856 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease. Multiple genetic and non-genetic risk factors are associated with disease pathogenesis, and several cellular processes, including protein homeostasis, RNA metabolism, vesicle transport, etc., are severely impaired in ALS conditions. Despite the heterogeneity of the disease manifestation and progression, ALS patients show protein aggregates in the motor cortex and spinal cord tissue, which is believed to be at least partially caused by aberrant phase separation and the formation of persistent stress granules. Consistent with this notion, many studies have implicated cellular stress, such as ER stress, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and growth factor depletion, in ALS conditions. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a fundamental mitogen/stress-activated signal transduction pathway that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. Here we summarize the fundamental role of MAPK in physiology and ALS pathogenesis. We also discuss pharmacological inhibitors targeting this pathway tested in pre-clinical models, suggesting their role as potential drug candidates.
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19
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Genomic Mosaicism Formed by Somatic Variation in the Aging and Diseased Brain. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071071. [PMID: 34356087 PMCID: PMC8305509 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, analyses of single brain cell genomes have revealed that the brain is composed of cells with myriad distinct genomes: the brain is a genomic mosaic, generated by a host of DNA sequence-altering processes that occur somatically and do not affect the germline. As such, these sequence changes are not heritable. Some processes appear to occur during neurogenesis, when cells are mitotic, whereas others may also function in post-mitotic cells. Here, we review multiple forms of DNA sequence alterations that have now been documented: aneuploidies and aneusomies, smaller copy number variations (CNVs), somatic repeat expansions, retrotransposons, genomic cDNAs (gencDNAs) associated with somatic gene recombination (SGR), and single nucleotide variations (SNVs). A catch-all term of DNA content variation (DCV) has also been used to describe the overall phenomenon, which can include multiple forms within a single cell’s genome. A requisite step in the analyses of genomic mosaicism is ongoing technology development, which is also discussed. Genomic mosaicism alters one of the most stable biological molecules, DNA, which may have many repercussions, ranging from normal functions including effects of aging, to creating dysfunction that occurs in neurodegenerative and other brain diseases, most of which show sporadic presentation, unlinked to causal, heritable genes.
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20
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MacLean M, Juranek J, Cuddapah S, López-Díez R, Ruiz HH, Hu J, Frye L, Li H, Gugger PF, Schmidt AM. Microglia RAGE exacerbates the progression of neurodegeneration within the SOD1 G93A murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a sex-dependent manner. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:139. [PMID: 34130712 PMCID: PMC8207569 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burgeoning evidence highlights seminal roles for microglia in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) binds ligands relevant to ALS that accumulate in the diseased spinal cord and RAGE has been previously implicated in the progression of ALS pathology. Methods We generated a novel mouse model to temporally delete Ager from microglia in the murine SOD1G93A model of ALS. Microglia Ager deficient SOD1G93A mice and controls were examined for changes in survival, motor function, gliosis, motor neuron numbers, and transcriptomic analyses of lumbar spinal cord. Furthermore, we examined bulk-RNA-sequencing transcriptomic analyses of human ALS cervical spinal cord. Results Transcriptomic analysis of human cervical spinal cord reveals a range of AGER expression in ALS patients, which was negatively correlated with age at disease onset and death or tracheostomy. The degree of AGER expression related to differential expression of pathways involved in extracellular matrix, lipid metabolism, and intercellular communication. Microglia display increased RAGE immunoreactivity in the spinal cords of high AGER expressing patients and in the SOD1G93A murine model of ALS vs. respective controls. We demonstrate that microglia Ager deletion at the age of symptomatic onset, day 90, in SOD1G93A mice extends survival in male but not female mice. Critically, many of the pathways identified in human ALS patients that accompanied increased AGER expression were significantly ameliorated by microglia Ager deletion in male SOD1G93A mice. Conclusions Our results indicate that microglia RAGE disrupts communications with cell types including astrocytes and neurons, intercellular communication pathways that divert microglia from a homeostatic to an inflammatory and tissue-injurious program. In totality, microglia RAGE contributes to the progression of SOD1G93A murine pathology in male mice and may be relevant in human disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02191-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael MacLean
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Judyta Juranek
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Swetha Cuddapah
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Raquel López-Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Henry H Ruiz
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jiyuan Hu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health and the Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Laura Frye
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health and the Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Paul F Gugger
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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21
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Chua JP, De Calbiac H, Kabashi E, Barmada SJ. Autophagy and ALS: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. Autophagy 2021; 18:254-282. [PMID: 34057020 PMCID: PMC8942428 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1926656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of protein homeostasis are crucial for overseeing the clearance of misfolded and toxic proteins over the lifetime of an organism, thereby ensuring the health of neurons and other cells of the central nervous system. The highly conserved pathway of autophagy is particularly necessary for preventing and counteracting pathogenic insults that may lead to neurodegeneration. In line with this, mutations in genes that encode essential autophagy factors result in impaired autophagy and lead to neurodegenerative conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the mechanistic details underlying the neuroprotective role of autophagy, neuronal resistance to autophagy induction, and the neuron-specific effects of autophagy-impairing mutations remain incompletely defined. Further, the manner and extent to which non-cell autonomous effects of autophagy dysfunction contribute to ALS pathogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we review the current understanding of the interplay between autophagy and ALS pathogenesis by providing an overview of critical steps in the autophagy pathway, with special focus on pivotal factors impaired by ALS-causing mutations, their physiologic effects on autophagy in disease models, and the cell type-specific mechanisms regulating autophagy in non-neuronal cells which, when impaired, can contribute to neurodegeneration. This review thereby provides a framework not only to guide further investigations of neuronal autophagy but also to refine therapeutic strategies for ALS and related neurodegenerative diseases.Abbreviations: ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Atg: autophagy-related; CHMP2B: charged multivesicular body protein 2B; DPR: dipeptide repeat; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; iPSC: induced pluripotent stem cell; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; RNP: ribonuclear protein; sALS: sporadic ALS; SPHK1: sphingosine kinase 1; TARDBP/TDP-43: TAR DNA binding protein; TBK1: TANK-binding kinase 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; ULK: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; UPR: unfolded protein response; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system; VCP: valosin containing protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Chua
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hortense De Calbiac
- Recherche translationnelle sur les maladies neurologiques, Institut Imagine, UMR-1163 INSERM et Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Recherche translationnelle sur les maladies neurologiques, Institut Imagine, UMR-1163 INSERM et Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Sami J Barmada
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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22
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Il-10 signaling reduces survival in mouse models of synucleinopathy. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:30. [PMID: 33741985 PMCID: PMC7979923 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies are characterized by chronic neuroinflammation leading to the premise that anti-inflammatory therapies could ameliorate synucleinopathy and associated sequelae. To test this idea, we used recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) to express the anti-inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin (Il)-10, in Line M83 transgenic mice that expresses the PD-associated A53T mutant human α-synuclein (αSyn). Contrary to our expectations, we observed that intraspinal Il-10 expression initiated at birth upregulated microgliosis and led to early death in homozygous M83+/+ mice. We further observed that Il-10 preconditioning led to reduced lifespan in the hemizygous M83+/- mice injected with preformed αSyn aggregates in hindlimb muscles. To determine the mechanistic basis for these adverse effects, we took advantage of the I87A variant Il-10 (vIl-10) that has predominantly immunosuppressive properties. Sustained intraspinal expression of vIl-10 in preformed αSyn-aggregate seeded M83+/- mice resulted in earlier death, accelerated αSyn pathology, pronounced microgliosis, and increased apoptosis compared to control mice. AAV-vIl-10 expression robustly induced p62 and neuronal LC3B accumulation in these mice, indicating that Il-10 signaling mediated preconditioning of the neuraxis can potentially exacerbate αSyn accumulation through autophagy dysfunction in the neurons. Together, our data demonstrate unexpected adverse effects of both Il-10 and its immunosuppressive variant, vIl-10, in a mouse model of PD, highlighting the pleiotropic functions of immune mediators and their complex role in non-cell autonomous signaling in neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
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23
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Cihankaya H, Theiss C, Matschke V. Little Helpers or Mean Rogue-Role of Microglia in Animal Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22030993. [PMID: 33498186 PMCID: PMC7863915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, causing degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). ALS patients suffer from hyperreflexia, spasticity, paralysis and muscle atrophy and typically die due to respiratory failure 1–5 years after disease onset. In addition to the degeneration of motor neurons on the cellular level, ALS has been associated with neuroinflammation, such as microgliosis. Microglial activation in ALS can either be protective or degenerative to the neurons. Among others, mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9Orf72), transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP) 43 and vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 54 (VPS54) genes have been associated with ALS. Here, we describe the dual role and functionality of microglia in four different in vivo ALS models and search for the lowest common denominator with respect to the role of microglia in the highly heterogeneous disease of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Cihankaya
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (H.C.); (C.T.)
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (H.C.); (C.T.)
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (H.C.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-32-25018
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24
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Calió ML, Henriques E, Siena A, Bertoncini CRA, Gil-Mohapel J, Rosenstock TR. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neurogenesis, and Epigenetics: Putative Implications for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Neurodegeneration and Treatment. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:679. [PMID: 32760239 PMCID: PMC7373761 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and devastating multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Although the pathogenesis of ALS is still not completely understood, numerous studies suggest that mitochondrial deregulation may be implicated in its onset and progression. Interestingly, mitochondrial deregulation has also been associated with changes in neural stem cells (NSC) proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In this review, we highlight the importance of mitochondrial function for neurogenesis, and how both processes are correlated and may contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS; we have focused primarily on preclinical data from animal models of ALS, since to date no studies have evaluated this link using human samples. As there is currently no cure and no effective therapy to counteract ALS, we have also discussed how improving neurogenic function by epigenetic modulation could benefit ALS. In support of this hypothesis, changes in histone deacetylation can alter mitochondrial function, which in turn might ameliorate cellular proliferation as well as neuronal differentiation and migration. We propose that modulation of epigenetics, mitochondrial function, and neurogenesis might provide new hope for ALS patients, and studies exploring these new territories are warranted in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisandra Henriques
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Siena
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clélia Rejane Antonio Bertoncini
- CEDEME, Center of Development of Experimental Models for Medicine and Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Victoria and Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Zheng N, Li H, Wang X, Zhao Z, Shan D. Oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is associated with dysregulated Akt/p53 signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:599-604. [PMID: 32460597 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1772297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play a crucial role in cardiac and vascular abnormalities in different types of cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we explored the mechanism underlying oxidative stress-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis with a focus on the Akt-p53 signaling pathway. In vitro, cardiomyocyte was cultured with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Then, cardiomyocyte viability, apoptosis rate and signaling pathway were analyzed through ELISA, immunofluorescence, qPCR and western blots. The results indicated that oxidative stress caused cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, oxidative stress inhibited cardiomyocyte glucose metabolism and promoted lactic acid accumulation. Besides, oxidative stress triggered calcium overload in cardiomyocyte. Finally, we found that oxidative stress inhibited the activity of Akt pathway while activated p53 signaling pathway. Genetic knockdown of p53 abolished oxidative stress-mediated cardiomyocyte injury and death through regulating the expressions and activities of caspase-3 and Bax. Altogether, our results illustrate that oxidative stress is associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis through a mechanism involving dysregulated Akt/p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zaixian Zhao
- First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongkai Shan
- Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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26
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Modifiers in Drosophila Reveal the Phospholipase D Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Genetics 2020; 215:747-766. [PMID: 32345615 PMCID: PMC7337071 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder lacking effective treatments. ALS pathology is linked to mutations in several different genes indicating... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder lacking effective treatments. ALS pathology is linked to mutations in >20 different genes indicating a complex underlying genetic architecture that is effectively unknown. Here, in an attempt to identify genes and pathways for potential therapeutic intervention and explore the genetic circuitry underlying Drosophila models of ALS, we carry out two independent genome-wide screens for modifiers of degenerative phenotypes associated with the expression of transgenic constructs carrying familial ALS-causing alleles of FUS (hFUSR521C) and TDP-43 (hTDP-43M337V). We uncover a complex array of genes affecting either or both of the two strains, and investigate their activities in additional ALS models. Our studies indicate the pathway that governs phospholipase D activity as a major modifier of ALS-related phenotypes, a notion supported by data we generated in mice and others collected in humans.
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27
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Wang J, Toan S, Zhou H. Mitochondrial quality control in cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury: New insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104771. [PMID: 32234339 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thrombolytic therapy and revascularization strategies create a complete recanalization of the occluded epicardial coronary artery in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, about 35 % of patients still experience an impaired myocardial reperfusion, which is termed a no-reflow phenomenon mainly caused by cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are essential for microvascular endothelial cells' survival, both because of their roles as metabolic energy producers and as regulators of programmed cell death. Mitochondrial structure and function are regulated by a mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, a series of processes including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics/mitophagy, mitochondrial proteostasis, and mitochondria-mediated cell death. Our review discusses the MQC mechanisms and how they are linked to cardiac microvascular I/R injury. Additionally, we will summarize the molecular basis that results in defective MQC mechanisms and present potential therapeutic interventions for improving MQC in cardiac microvascular I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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28
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Xin T, Lu C. Irisin activates Opa1-induced mitophagy to protect cardiomyocytes against apoptosis following myocardial infarction. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4474-4488. [PMID: 32155590 PMCID: PMC7093202 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is characterized by sudden ischemia and cardiomyocyte death. Mitochondria have critical roles in regulating cardiomyocyte viability and can sustain damage under ischemic conditions. Mitophagy is a mechanism by which damaged mitochondria are removed by autophagy to maintain mitochondrial structure and function. We investigated the role of the dynamin-like GTPase optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) in mitophagy following myocardial infarction. Opa1 expression was downregulated in infarcted hearts in vivo and in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes in vitro. We found that Opa1 overexpression protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced damage and enhanced cell viability by inducing mitophagy. Opa1-induced mitophagy was activated by treatment with irisin, which protected cardiomyocytes from further damage following myocardial infarction. Opa1 knockdown abolished the cardioprotective effects of irisin resulting in an enhanced inflammatory response, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Our data indicate that Opa1 plays an important role in maintaining cardiomyocyte viability and mitochondrial function following myocardial infarction by inducing mitophagy. Irisin can activate Opa1-induced mitophagy and protect against cardiomyocyte injury following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xin
- The First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
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29
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Xing J, Wang Z, Xu H, Liu C, Wei Z, Zhao L, Ren L. Pak2 inhibition promotes resveratrol-mediated glioblastoma A172 cell apoptosis via modulating the AMPK-YAP signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6563-6573. [PMID: 32017068 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As a polyphenolic compound, resveratrol (Res) is widely present in a variety of plants. Previous studies have shown that Res can inhibit various tumors. However, its role in c remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we first demonstrated that Res inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of glioblastoma A172 cell. Further experiments showed that Res induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated the activity of caspase-9. Functional studies have found that Res treatment is associated with an increase in the expression of Pak2. Interestingly, inhibition of Pak2 could further augment the proapoptotic effect of Res. Mechanistically, Pak2 inhibition induced reactive oxygen species overproduction, mitochondria-JNK pathway activation, and AMPK-YAP axis suppression. However, overexpression of YAP could abolish the anticancer effects of Res and Pak2 inhibition, suggesting a necessary role played by the AMPK-YAP pathway in regulating cancer-suppressive actions of Res and Pak2 inhibition. Altogether, our results indicated that Res in combination with Pak2 inhibition could further enhance the anticancer property of Res and this effect is mediated via the AMPK-YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaobo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Zhou D, Zhang M, Min L, Jiang K, Jiang Y. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is modulated by macrophage-stimulating 1 through the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7067-7080. [PMID: 32017081 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with mitochondrial damage. Macrophage-stimulating 1 (MST1) reportedly stimulates mitochondrial apoptosis by suppressing BCL-2. We investigated whether MST1 promotes the progression of cerebral IR injury by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Western blot analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and mitochondrial function assays were conducted in cells from wild-type and Mst1-knockout mice subjected to cerebral IR injury. MST1 expression in wild-type glial cells increased following cerebral IR injury. Cerebral IR injury reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial metabolism in glial cells, while it enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial calcium levels in these cells. The deletion of Mst1 attenuated cerebral IR injury by improving mitochondrial function and reducing mitochondrial damage. The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway was suppressed in wild-type glial cell upon cerebral IR injury but was reactivated in Mst1-knockout glial cell. Accordingly, blocking the MAPK/ERK pathway abolished the beneficial effects of Mst1 deletion during cerebral IR injury by inducing mitochondrial damage in glial cells. Our results suggest that cerebral IR injury is associated with MST1 upregulation in the brain, while the genetic ablation of Mst1 can attenuate mitochondrial damage and sustain brain function following cerebral IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhou Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Min
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kaiyuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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31
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Ouyang H, Li Q, Zhong J, Xia F, Zheng S, Lu J, Deng Y, Hu Y. Combination of melatonin and irisin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction through suppressing the Mst1-JNK pathways. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6647-6659. [PMID: 31976559 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in therapies in past decades, the mortality rate of septic cardiomyopathy remains high. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic effects of combined treatment using melatonin and irisin in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated septic cardiomyopathy. Our data found that melatonin and irisin could further attenuate LPS-induced myocardial depression. Molecular investigation illustrated that melatonin and irisin cotreatment sustained cardiomyocyte viability and improved mitochondrial function under LPS stress. Pathway analysis demonstrated that macrophage-stimulating 1 (Mst1), which was significantly activated by LPS, was drastically inhibited by melatonin/irisin cotreatment. Mechanically, Mst1 activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and the latter induced oxidative stress, adenosine triphosphate metabolism disorder, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and cardiomyocyte death activation. Melatonin and irisin cotreatment effectively inhibited the Mst1-JNK pathway and, thus, promoted cardiomyocyte survival and mitochondrial homeostasis. Interestingly, Mst1 overexpression abolished the beneficial effects of melatonin and irisin in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our results confirmed that melatonin and irisin combination treatment could protect heart against sepsis-induced myocardial depression via modulating the Mst1-JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichun Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiankai Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengfan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Sulin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyan Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shi W, Wang W. Mief1 augments thyroid cell dysfunction and apoptosis through inhibiting AMPK-PTEN signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:15-23. [PMID: 31960779 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1716799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Inflammation-mediated thyroid cell dysfunction and apoptosis increases the like-hood of hypothyroidism.Aim: Our aim in the present study is to explore the role of mitochondrial elongation factor 1 (Mief1) in thyroid cell dysfunction induced by TNFα.Materials and methods: Different doses of TNFα were used to incubate with thyroid cells in vitro. The survival rate, apoptotic index and proliferation capacity of thyroid cells were measured. Cellular energy metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum function related to protein synthesis were detected.Results: In response to TNFα treatment, the levels of Mief1 were increased, coinciding with a drop in the viability of thyroid cells in vitro. Loss of Mief1 attenuates TNFα-induced cell death through reducing the ratio of cell apoptosis. Further, we found that Mief1 deletion reversed cell energy metabolism and this effect was attributable to mitochondrial protection. Mief1 knockdown sustained mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced mitochondrial ROS overproduction. In addition, Mief1 knockdown also reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress, as evidenced by decreased levels of Chop and Caspase-12. Finally, our data verified that TNFα treatment inhibited the activity of AMPK-PTEN pathway whereas Mief1 deletion reversed the activity of AMPK and thus promoted the upregulation of PTEN. However, inhibition of AMPK-PTEN pathways could abolish the beneficial effects exerted by Mief1 deletion on thyroid cells damage and dysfunction.Conclusions: Altogether, our data indicate that immune abnormality-mediated thyroid cell dysfunction and death are alleviated by Mief1 deletion possible driven through reversing the activity of AMPK-PTEN pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech Balance Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech Balance Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech Balance Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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33
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Shang X, Zhang Y, Xu J, Li M, Wang X, Yu R. SRV2 promotes mitochondrial fission and Mst1-Drp1 signaling in LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1417-1432. [PMID: 31951593 PMCID: PMC7053598 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission is associated with cardiomyocyte death and myocardial depression, and suppressor of ras val-2 (SRV2) is a newly discovered pro-fission protein. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of SRV2-mediated mitochondrial fission in septic cardiomyopathy. Western blotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate mitochondrial function, oxidative balance, energy metabolism and caspase-related death, and siRNA and adenoviruses were used to perform loss- and gain-of-function assays. Our results demonstrated that increased SRV2 expression promotes, while SRV2 knockdown attenuates, cardiomyocyte death in LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy. Mechanistically, SRV2 activation promoted mitochondrial fission and physiological abnormalities by upregulating oxidative injury, ATP depletion, and caspase-9-related apoptosis. Our results also demonstrated that SRV2 promotes mitochondrial fission via a Mst1-Drp1 axis. SRV2 knockdown decreased Mst1 and Drp1 levels, while Mst1 overexpression abolished the mitochondrial protection and cardiomyocyte survival-promoting effects of SRV2 knockdown. SRV2 is thus a key novel promotor of mitochondrial fission and Mst1-Drp1 axis activity in septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Jingqing Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Rongguo Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
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Gao J, Wang H, Li Y, Li W. Resveratrol attenuates cerebral ischaemia reperfusion injury via modulating mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis and activating AMPK-Mfn1 pathway. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:337-349. [PMID: 31867811 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of cerebral ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) has not been fully described. Accordingly, there is little effective drug available for the treatment of cerebral IRI. The aim of our study was to explore the exact role played by Mfn1-mediated mitochondrial protection in cerebral IRI and evaluate the beneficial action of resveratrol on reperfused brain. Our study demonstrated that hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury caused N2a cell apoptosis and this process was highly affected by mitochondrial dysfunction. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and an activated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were noted in HR-treated N2a cells. Interestingly, resveratrol treatment could attenuate N2a cell apoptosis via sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Further, we found that resveratrol modulated mitochondrial performance via activating the Mfn1-related mitochondrial protective system. Knockdown of Mfn1 could abolish the beneficial effects of resveratrol on HR-treated N2a cells. Besides, we also report that resveratrol regulated Mfn1 expression via the AMPK pathway; inhibition of AMPK pathway also neutralized the anti-apoptotic effect of resveratrol on N2a cells in the setting of cerebral IRI. Taken together our results show that mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the progression of cerebral IRI. In addition we also demonstrate the protective action played by resveratrol on reperfused brain and show that this effect is achieved via activating the AMPK-Mfn1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yang Y, Gong Z, Wang Z. Yes-associated protein reduces neuroinflammation through upregulation of Sirt3 and inhibition of JNK signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:479-487. [PMID: 31858862 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1705339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Neuroinflammation is linked to a series of neurodegenerative diseases through the unknown mechanisms.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Yes-associated protein (Yap) in the regulation of neuroinflammation.Methods: BV-2 neuroglia cells were treated with TNFα in vitro. Then, western blots, qPCR, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were used to verify the influence of Yap in BV-2 cells neuroinflammation response.Results: After exposure to TNFα, viability of BV-2 cells decreased whereas apoptosis index was increased. Of note, Yap expression in BV-2 cells was significantly reduced, when compared to the normal cells. Interestingly, adenovirus-induced Yap overexpression was capable to reverse cell viability and thus reduce apoptotic index in TNFα-treated BV-2 cells. Molecular investigation demonstrated that Yap overexpression was linked to Sirt3 upregulation. Increased Sirt3 reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, attenuated mitochondrial damage, and blocked JNK pro-apoptotic pathway. Interestingly, loss of Sirt3 abolished the protective effects induced by Yap overexpression in TNFα-treated BV-2 cells.Conclusions: Altogether, our results demonstrated that neuroinflammation could be caused by Yap downregulation, possible driven through Sirt3 inhibition and JNK activation. However, overexpression of Yap could protect BV-2 cells against TNFα-mediated apoptosis through modulating Sirt3-JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | | | - Zhiyun Wang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Yuan J, Amin P, Ofengeim D. Necroptosis and RIPK1-mediated neuroinflammation in CNS diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:19-33. [PMID: 30467385 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is crucial for the normal development of the nervous system, whereas neurons in the adult CNS are relatively resistant to this form of cell death. However, under pathological conditions, upregulation of death receptor family ligands, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF), can sensitize cells in the CNS to apoptosis and a form of regulated necrotic cell death known as necroptosis that is mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Necroptosis promotes further cell death and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. In this Review, we outline the evidence implicating necroptosis in these neurological diseases and suggest that targeting RIPK1 might help to inhibit multiple cell death pathways and ameliorate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Palak Amin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Tian Y, Lv W, Lu C, Zhao X, Zhang C, Song H. LATS2 promotes cardiomyocyte H9C2 cells apoptosis via the Prx3-Mfn2-mitophagy pathways. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:470-478. [PMID: 31829064 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1701031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Context: The pathogenesis of cardiomyocyte death is closely associated with mitochondrial homeostasis via poorly understood mechanisms.Objective: The aim of our study is to explore the contribution of large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) to the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte H9C2 cells.Materials and Methods: Adenovirus-mediated LATS2 overexpression was carried out in H9C2 cells. The cell viability and apoptosis rate were measured via an MTT assay, TUNEL staining, western blotting, an ELISA, and an LDH release assay. Mitophagy was quantified using immunofluorescence and western blotting.Results: The overexpression of LATS2 in H9C2 cells drastically promoted cell death. Molecular investigations showed that LATS2 overexpression was associated with mitochondrial injury, as evidenced by increased mitochondrial ROS production, reduced antioxidant factor levels, increased cyt-c liberation into the nucleus and activated mitochondrial caspase-9-dependent apoptotic pathway activity. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that LATS2-mediated mitochondrial malfunction by repressing mitophagy and that the reactivation of mitophagy could sustain mitochondrial integrity and homeostasis in response to LATS2 overexpression. Furthermore, we found that LATS2 inhibited mitophagy by inactivating the Prx3-Mfn2 axis. The reactivation of Prx3-Mfn2 pathways abrogated the LATS2-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis in H9C2 cells.Conclusions: The overexpression of LATS2 induces mitochondrial stress by repressing protective mitophagy in a manner dependent on Prx3-Mfn2 pathways, thus reducing the survival of H9C2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Lv
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Chunguang Zhang
- North District Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Dong Q, Jie Y, Ma J, Li C, Xin T, Yang D. Renal tubular cell death and inflammation response are regulated by the MAPK-ERK-CREB signaling pathway under hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:383-391. [PMID: 31782334 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1698050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Context: Cell death and inflammation response have been found to the primary features of acute kidney injury.Objective: The aim of our study is to figure out the molecular mechanism by which hypoxia-reoxygenation injury affects the viability of tubular cell death.Materials and methods: HK2 cells were treated with hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in vitro. Pathway agonist was added into the medium of HK2 cell to activate MAPK-EEK-CREB axis.Results: Hypoxia-reoxygenation injury reduced HK2 cell viability and increased cell apoptosis rate in vitro. Besides, inflammation response has been found to be induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in HK2 cells in vitro. In addition, MAPK-ERK-CREB pathway was deactivated during hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Interestingly, activation of MAPK-ERK-CREB pathway could attenuate hypoxia-reoxygenation injury-mediated HK2 cell apoptosis and inflammation. Mechanistically, MAPK-ERK-CREB pathway activation upregulated the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes and reduced the levels of pro-apoptotic factors under hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.Conclusions: Our results report a novel signaling pathway responsible for acute kidney injury-related tubular cell death. Activation of MAPK-ERK-CREB signaling could protect tubular cell against hypoxia-reoxygenation-related cell apoptosis and inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Jie
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Dingwei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P.R.China
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Ma G, Liu Y. NURR1 inhibition reduces hypoxia-mediated cardiomyocyte necrosis via blocking Mst1-JNK-mPTP pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:350-358. [PMID: 31755334 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1690514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingwu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang P, Shen Y, Yuan K, Li M, Liang W, Que H. Sirt3 overexpression alleviates hyperglycemia-induced vascular inflammation through regulating redox balance, cell survival, and AMPK-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:341-349. [PMID: 31680596 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1684521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Context: Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3), a NAD-dependent deacetylase, has been reported to be involved in many biological processes.Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Sirt3 on diabetic mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under high glucose (HG) condition.Materials and methods: HUVECs were cultured under HG and inflammation pathway was determined via qPCR, western blots, and immunofluorescence.Results: Sirt3 expression was reduced in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Overexpression of Sirt3 sustains renal function and retard the development of diabetic nephropathy. Mechanistically, Sirt3 overexpression attenuated hyperglycemia-mediated endothelial cells apoptosis in kidney. Besides, Sirt3 overexpression repressed oxidative injury and blocked caspase-9-related apoptosis pathway. Moreover, we found that Sirt3 overexpression was associated with AMPK activation and the latter elevates PGC1α-related mitochondrial protective system, especially mitochondrial autophagy. Loss of opa1 and/or inhibition of AMPK could depress mitochondrial autophagy and exacerbates mitochondrial function, finally contributing to the death of human renal mesangial cells.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the beneficial effects of Sirt3 in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Increased Sirt3-activated AMPK pathway, augments PGC1α-related mitochondrial protective system, sustained redox balance and closed caspase-9-involved apoptosis pathway in the setting of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoran Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huafa Que
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhou D, Jiang Y. Sirtuin 3 attenuates neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis in BV-2 microglia. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9075-9089. [PMID: 31631063 PMCID: PMC6834423 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the upstream regulatory mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in microglial BV-2 cells. Our results demonstrate that Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) expression was downregulated in response to LPS-induced neuroinflammation. In addition, overexpression of Sirt3 attenuated LPS-induced BV-2 cell death. Functional studies illustrated that Sirt3 overexpression promoted normal mitochondrial function and inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. At the molecular level, suppressor of ras val-2 (SRV2) promoted LPS-mediated mitochondrial damage by inducing mitochondrial fission. Sirt3 overexpression, which suppressed the transcription of SRV2 and thus suppressed mitochondrial fission, played an anti-apoptotic role in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, Sirt3 inhibited SRV2 expression via the Mst1-JNK pathway, and re-activation of this pathway abolished the protective effects of Sirt3 on mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that Sirt3-induced, Mst1-JNK-SRV2 signaling pathway-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial fission protected against neuroinflammation-mediated cell damage in BV-2 microglia. Sirt3 might therefore be an effective treatment for neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhou Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ma C, Wang J, Fan L. Therapeutic effects of bone mesenchymal stem cells on oral and maxillofacial defects: a novel signaling pathway involving miR-31/CXCR4/Akt axis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:321-330. [PMID: 31573375 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1669054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Context: Although bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used for the treatment of oral and maxillofacial defects, the survival rate and limited proliferation reduces the therapeutic efficiency of BMSC.Objective: The aim of our study is to explore the role of miR-31 in regulating survival, proliferation, and migration of BMSC in vitro.Materials and methods: LPS was used in vitro to induce BMSC damage and then miR-31 was used to incubate with BMSC. Subsequently, BMSC proliferation, survival, and migration were determined via ELISA, qPCR, western blots, and immunofluorescence.Results: The expression of miR-31 was downregulated in response to LPS stress. Interestingly, supplementation of miR-31 could reverse the survival, proliferation and migration of BMSC under LPS. Mechanically, miR-31 treatment inhibited the activation of caspase, and thus promoted BMSC survival. Besides, miR-31 upregulated the genes related to cell proliferation, an effect that was followed by an increase in the levels of migratory factors. Further, we found that miR-31 treatment activated the CXCR4/Akt pathway and blockade of CXCR4/Akt could abolish the beneficial effects of miR-31 on BMSC proliferation, survival, and migration.Conclusions: miR-31 could increase the therapeutic efficiency of BMSC via the CXCR4/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
| | - Longkun Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
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Clarke BE, Gil RS, Yip J, Kalmar B, Greensmith L. Regional differences in the inflammatory and heat shock response in glia: implications for ALS. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:857-870. [PMID: 31168740 PMCID: PMC6717175 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preferential neuronal vulnerability is characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases including the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is well established that glia play a critical role in ALS, but it is unknown whether regional differences in the ability of glia to support motor neurons contribute to the specific pattern of neuronal degeneration. In this study, using primary mixed glial cultures from different mouse CNS regions (spinal cord and cortex), we examined whether regional differences exist in key glial pathways that contribute to, or protect against, motor neuron degeneration. Specifically, we examined the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway and the cytoprotective heat shock response (HSR). Glial cultures were treated with pro-inflammatory stimuli, tumour necrosis factor-ɑ/lipopolysaccharide or heat stressed to stimulate the inflammatory and HSR respectively. We found that spinal cord glia expressed more iNOS and produced more NO compared to cortical glia in response to inflammatory stimuli. Intriguingly, we found that expression of ALS-causing SOD1G93A did not elevate the levels of NO in spinal cord glia. However, activation of the stress-responsive HSR was attenuated in SOD1G93A cultures, with a reduced Hsp70 induction in response to stressful stimuli. Exposure of spinal cord glia to heat shock in combination with inflammatory stimuli reduced the activation of the inflammatory response. The results of this study suggest that impaired heat shock response in SOD1G93A glia may contribute to the exacerbated inflammatory reactions observed in ALS mice. Graphical abstract Mixed primary glial cultures were established from cortical and spinal cord regions of wild-type mice and mice expressing ALS-causing mutant human SOD1 and the inflammatory and heat shock responses were investigated in these cultures. In the absence of stress, all cultures appeared to have similar cellular composition, levels of inflammatory mediators and similar expression level of heat shock proteins. When stimulated, spinal cord glia were more reactive and activated the inflammatory pathway more readily than cortical glia; this response was similar in wild-type and SOD1G93A glial cultures. Although the heat shock response was similar in spinal cord and cortical glial, in SOD1G93A expressing glia from both the spinal cord and cortex, the induction of heat shock response was diminished. This impaired heat shock response in SOD1G93A glia may therefore contribute to the exacerbated inflammatory reactions observed in ALS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rebecca San Gil
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, 2522, Australia
| | - Jing Yip
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Fan L, Wang J, Ma C. Pretreatment of bone mesenchymal stem cells with miR181-c facilitates craniofacial defect reconstruction via activating AMPK-Mfn1 signaling pathways. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:199-207. [PMID: 31466503 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1652649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Context: Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC)-based regenerative therapy is critical for the craniofacial defect reconstruction. However, oxidative stress micro-environment after transplantation limits the therapeutic efficiency of BMSC. The miR-181c has been found to be associated with cell survival and proliferation. Objective: Herein, we investigated whether prior miR-181c treatment promoted BMSC proliferation and survival under oxidative stress injury. Materials and methods: Cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and then cell viability was determined via MTT assay, TUNEL staining and ELISA. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect those alterations of mitochondrial function. Results: H2O2 treatment reduced BMSC viability and this effect could be reversed via additional supplementation of miR181-c. Mechanistically, oxidative stress increased cell apoptosis, augmented caspase-3 activity, promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis, impaired mitochondrial potential, and induced mitochondrial dynamics imbalance. However, miR-181c pretreatment reversed these effects of oxidative stress on BMSC. Moreover, miR-181c treatment improved BMSC proliferation, migration and paracrine, which are very important for craniofacial reconstruction. In addition, we identified that AMPK-Mfn1 axis was the direct targets of miR-181c in BMSC. Mfn1 silencing impaired the protective effects miR-181c on BMSC viability and proliferation under oxidative stress environment. Conclusions: Collectively, our results indicate that miR-181c participates in oxidative stress-mediated BMSC damage by modulating the AMPK-Mfn1 signaling pathway, suggesting miR-181c-AMPK-Mfn1 axis may serves as novel therapeutic targets to facilitate craniofacial defect reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longkun Fan
- Department of Medical Plastic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital , Cangzhou , China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- Department of Medical Plastic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital , Cangzhou , China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Medical Plastic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital , Cangzhou , China
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Bao L, Li X, Lin Z. PTEN overexpression promotes glioblastoma death through triggering mitochondrial division and inactivating the Akt pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:215-225. [PMID: 31464538 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1655051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: PTEN has been acknowledged as an anticancer factor in the progression of glioblastoma. Mitochondrial division has been found to be associated with cancer cell death. Objective: The aim of our study is to explore whether PTEN attenuates the development of glioblastoma by modulating mitochondrial division. Materials and methods: PTEN adenovirus was used to overexpress PTEN in U87 cells. Mitochondrial function was detected via western blot and immunofluorescence. Pathway blocker was used to inhibit the Akt activation. Results: The results of our study demonstrated that PTEN overexpression reduced cell viability by increasing cell apoptosis. At the molecular level, PTEN overexpression activated mitochondrial apoptosis by mediating mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that Drp1-related mitochondrial division was required for PTEN-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Finally, we found that PTEN modulated Drp1-related mitochondrial division via the Akt pathway; inactivation of Akt induced cell death, and mitochondrial damage, similar to the results obtained via PTEN overexpression. Conclusions: Taken together, our results clarify that the anticancer mechanism of PTEN in glioblastoma is dependent on the activation of Drp1-related mitochondrial division via Akt pathway modulation. This finding might provide new insight into the tumor-suppressive role played by PTEN in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University , Jinzhou , Liaoning , China
| | - Zhixiong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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Halpern M, Brennand KJ, Gregory J. Examining the relationship between astrocyte dysfunction and neurodegeneration in ALS using hiPSCs. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104562. [PMID: 31381978 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex and fatal neurodegenerative disease for which the causes of disease onset and progression remain unclear. Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models permit the study of the genetic factors associated with ALS in patient-derived neural cell types, including motor neurons and glia. While astrocyte dysfunction has traditionally been thought to exacerbate disease progression, astrocytic dysfunction may play a more direct role in disease initiation and progression. Such non-cell autonomous mechanisms expand the potential targets of therapeutic intervention, but only a handful of ALS risk-associated genes have been examined for their impact on astrocyte dysfunction and neurodegeneration. This review summarizes what is currently known about astrocyte function in ALS and suggests ways in which hiPSC-based models can be used to more effectively study the role of astrocytes in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Halpern
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - James Gregory
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, United States of America.
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Song X, Li T. Ripk3 mediates cardiomyocyte necrosis through targeting mitochondria and the JNK-Bnip3 pathway under hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:331-340. [PMID: 31658855 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1676259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Context: Cardiomyocyte necrosis following myocardial infarction drastically the progression of heart failure.Objective: In the current study, we explored the upstream mediator for cardiomyocytes necrosis induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury with a focus on mitochondrial function and JNK-Bnip3 pathway.Materials and methods: Cell necrosis was determined via MTT assay, TUNEL staining and PI staining. siRNA transfection was performed to inhibit Ripk3 activation in response to HR injury. Pathway blocker was applied to prevent JNK activation.Results: Ripk3 was rapidly increased in HR-treated cardiomyocytes and correlated with the necrosis of cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, silencing of Ripk3 attenuated HR-mediated cardiomyocytes necrosis. At the molecular levels, Ripk3 deletion sustained mitochondrial bioenergetics and stabilized mitochondrial glucose metabolism. Besides, Ripk3 deletion also reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress and inhibited mPTP opening. To the end, we found Ripk3 activation was along with JNK pathway activation and Bnip3 upregulation. Interestingly, blockade of JNK pathway abolished the harmful effects of HR injury on mitochondrial function, energy metabolism and redox balance. Moreover, overexpression of Bnip3 abrogated the protection action played by Ripk3 deletion on cardiomyocytes survival.Conclusions: Taken together, these data may identify Ripk3 upregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and JNK-Bnip3 axis activation as the novel mechanisms underlying cardiomyocytes necrosis achieved by HR injury. Thereby, approaches targeted to the Ripk3-JNK-Bnip3-mitochondria cascade have the potential to ameliorate the progression of HR-related cardiomyocytes necrosis in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianchang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhong J, Tan Y, Lu J, Liu J, Xiao X, Zhu P, Chen S, Zheng S, Chen Y, Hu Y, Guo Z. Therapeutic contribution of melatonin to the treatment of septic cardiomyopathy: A novel mechanism linking Ripk3-modified mitochondrial performance and endoplasmic reticulum function. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101287. [PMID: 31386965 PMCID: PMC6692063 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic pathophysiological mechanisms underlying septic cardiomyopathy have not yet been completely clarified. Disease-specific treatments are lacking, and care is still based on supportive modalities. The aim of our study was to assess the protective effects of melatonin on septic cardiomyopathy, with a focus on the interactions between receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (Ripk3), the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytoskeletal degradation in cardiomyocytes. Ripk3 expression was increased in heart samples challenged with LPS, followed by myocardial inflammation, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial breakdown and cardiomyocyte death. The melatonin treatment attenuated septic myocardial injury in a comparable manner to the genetic depletion of Ripk3. Molecular investigations revealed that Ripk3 intimately regulated mitochondrial function, ER stress, cytoskeletal homeostasis and cardioprotective signaling pathways. Melatonin-mediated inhibition of Ripk3 improved mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduced mitochondria-initiated oxidative damage, sustained mitochondrial dynamics, ameliorated ER stress, normalized calcium recycling, and activated cardioprotective signaling pathways (including AKT, ERK and AMPK) in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, Ripk3 overexpression mediated resistance to melatonin therapy following the infection of LPS-treated hearts with an adenovirus expressing Ripk3. Altogether, our findings identify Ripk3 upregulation as a novel risk factor for the development of sepsis-related myocardial injury, and melatonin restores the physiological functions of the mitochondria, ER, contractile cytoskeleton and cardioprotective signaling pathways. Additionally, our data also reveal a new, potentially therapeutic mechanism by which melatonin protects the heart from sepsis-mediated dysfunction, possibly by targeting Ripk3. LPS-activated Ripk3 disturbs mitochondrial bioenergetics and promotes mitochondrial dynamics disorder. The inhibitory effect of melatonin on Ripk3 sustains heart function in LPS-mediated septic cardiomyopathy. LPS-mediated degradation of the cardiomyocyte contractile cytoskeleton could be reversed by melatonin. Melatonin modulates mitochondrial dynamics, ER stress, and cardioprotective signals by repressing Ripk3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Jichen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaochan Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Pinji Zhu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sulin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Tam OH, Ostrow LW, Gale Hammell M. Diseases of the nERVous system: retrotransposon activity in neurodegenerative disease. Mob DNA 2019; 10:32. [PMID: 31372185 PMCID: PMC6659213 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-019-0176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable Elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements whose sequences constitute nearly half of the human genome. Each TE copy can be present in hundreds to thousands of locations within the genome, complicating the genetic and genomic studies of these highly repetitive sequences. The recent development of better tools for evaluating TE derived sequences in genomic studies has enabled an increasing appreciation for the contribution of TEs to human development and disease. While some TEs have contributed novel and beneficial host functions, this review will summarize the evidence for detrimental TE activity in neurodegenerative disorders. Much of the evidence for pathogenicity implicates endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), a subset of TEs that entered the genome by retroviral infections of germline cells in our evolutionary ancestors and have since been passed down as a substantial fraction of the human genome. Human specific ERVs (HERVs) represent some of the youngest ERVs in the genome, and thus are presumed to retain greater function and resultant pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H Tam
- 1Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA
| | - Lyle W Ostrow
- 2Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Molly Gale Hammell
- 1Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA
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Yamamoto I, Azuma Y, Kushimura Y, Yoshida H, Mizuta I, Mizuno T, Ueyama M, Nagai Y, Tokuda T, Yamaguchi M. NPM-hMLF1 fusion protein suppresses defects of a Drosophila FTLD model expressing the human FUS gene. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11291. [PMID: 30050143 PMCID: PMC6062494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) was identified as a component of typical inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In FTLD, both nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions with wild-type FUS exist, while cytoplasmic inclusions with a mutant-form of FUS occur in many ALS cases. These observations imply that FUS plays a role across these two diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of several proteins including molecular chaperons on the aberrant eye morphology phenotype induced by overexpression of wild-type human FUS (hFUS) in Drosophila eye imaginal discs. By screening, we found that the co-expression of nucleophosmin–human myeloid leukemia factor 1 (NPM-hMLF1) fusion protein could suppress the aberrant eye morphology phenotype induced by hFUS. The driving of hFUS expression at 28 °C down-regulated levels of hFUS and endogenous cabeza, a Drosophila homolog of hFUS. The down-regulation was mediated by proteasome dependent degradation. Co-expression of NPM-hMLF1 suppressed this down-regulation. In addition, co-expression of NPM-hMLF1 partially rescued pharate adult lethal phenotype induced by hFUS in motor neurons. These findings with a Drosophila model that mimics FTLD provide clues for the development of novel FTLD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yumiko Azuma
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yukie Kushimura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mizuta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Morio Ueyama
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology of Brain Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan. .,The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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