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Chen C, Wang J, Guo Y, Li M, Yang K, Liu Y, Ge D, Liu Y, Xue C, Xia T, Sun B. Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Pyroptotic Cell Death in Neutrophil and Macrophage Facilitates the Pathological Progress of Gout. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308749. [PMID: 38161265 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in joints can lead to the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and their activation plays a critical role in the pathological progress of gout. However, the role of MSU crystal physicochemical properties in inducing cell death in neutrophil and macrophage is still unclear. In this study, MSU crystals of different sizes are synthesized to explore the role of pyroptosis in gout. It is demonstrated that MSU crystals induce size-dependent pyroptotic cell death in bone marrow-derived neutrophils (BMNs) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) by triggering NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 activation and subsequent formation of N-GSDMD. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the size of MSU crystal also determines the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps (aggNETs), which are promoted by the addition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Based on these mechanistic understandings, it is shown that N-GSDMD oligomerization inhibitor, dimethyl fumarate (DMF), inhibits MSU crystal-induced pyroptosis in BMNs and J774A.1 cells, and it further alleviates the acute inflammatory response in MSU crystals-induced gout mice model. This study elucidates that MSU crystal-induced pyroptosis in neutrophil and macrophage is critical for the pathological progress of gout, and provides a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Kaijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Dan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Yuan Y, Li J, Lu X, Chen M, Liang H, Chen XP, Long X, Zhang B, Gong S, Huang X, Zhao J, Chen Q. Autophagy in hepatic progenitor cells modulates exosomal miRNAs to inhibit liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis. Front Med 2024; 18:538-557. [PMID: 38769281 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-024-1079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Schistosoma infection is one of the major causes of liver fibrosis. Emerging roles of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis have been identified. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism underlying the role of HPCs in liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis remains unclear. This study examined how autophagy in HPCs affects schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis by modulating exosomal miRNAs. The activation of HPCs was verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining in fibrotic liver from patients and mice with Schistosoma japonicum infection. By coculturing HPCs with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and assessing the autophagy level in HPCs by proteomic analysis and in vitro phenotypic assays, we found that impaired autophagy degradation in these activated HPCs was mediated by lysosomal dysfunction. Blocking autophagy by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) significantly diminished liver fibrosis and granuloma formation in S. japonicum-infected mice. HPC-secreted extracellular vehicles (EVs) were further isolated and studied by miRNA sequencing. miR-1306-3p, miR-493-3p, and miR-34a-5p were identified, and their distribution into EVs was inhibited due to impaired autophagy in HPCs, which contributed to suppressing HSC activation. In conclusion, we showed that the altered autophagy process upon HPC activation may prevent liver fibrosis by modulating exosomal miRNA release and inhibiting HSC activation in schistosomiasis. Targeting the autophagy degradation process may be a therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis during Schistosoma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Long
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Song Gong
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Trauma Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Outskouni Z, Christodoulou C, Goutas A, Kyriazis ID, Paraskevopoulou A, Laliotis GP, Matsakidou A, Gogas A, Trachana V. Cryptomphalus aspersa Egg Extract Protects against Human Stem Cell Stress-Induced Premature Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3715. [PMID: 38612526 PMCID: PMC11011511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a tightly regulated pathophysiologic process and is caused by replicative exhaustion or external stressors. Since naturally derived bioactive compounds with anti-ageing properties have recently captured scientific interest, we analysed the anti-ageing and antioxidant efficacy of Cryptomphalus aspersa egg extract (CAEE). Its effects on stemness, wound-healing properties, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and DNA damage repair ability of Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were analysed. Our results revealed that CAEE fortifies WJ-MSCs stemness, which possibly ameliorates their wound-healing ability. Additionally, we show that CAEE possesses a strong antioxidant capacity as demonstrated by the elevation of the levels of the basic antioxidant molecule, GSH, and the induction of the NRF2, a major antioxidant regulator. In addition, CAEE alleviated cells' oxidative stress and therefore prevented stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the prevention of SIPS could be mediated via the extract's ability to induce autophagy, as indicated by the elevation of the protein levels of all basic autophagic molecules and the increase in formation of autophagolysosomes in CAEE-treated WJ-MSCs. Moreover, CAEE-treated cells exhibited decreased Caveolin-1 levels. We propose that Cryptomphalus aspersa egg extract comprises bioactive compounds that can demonstrate strong antioxidant/anti-ageing effects by regulating the Caveolin-1-autophagy-senescence molecular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zozo Outskouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (Z.O.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Christina Christodoulou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (Z.O.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Andreas Goutas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (Z.O.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (I.D.K.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D. Kyriazis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (Z.O.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Adamantini Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - George P. Laliotis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anthia Matsakidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Varvara Trachana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (Z.O.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (I.D.K.)
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Ren Q, Sun Q, Fu J. Dysfunction of autophagy in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Autophagy 2024; 20:221-241. [PMID: 37700498 PMCID: PMC10813589 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2254191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS ACOX1: acyl-CoA oxidase 1; ADH5: alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide; ADIPOQ: adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; CRTC2: CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; F2RL1: F2R like trypsin receptor 1; FA: fatty acid; FOXO1: forkhead box O1; GLP1R: glucagon like peptide 1 receptor; GRK2: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2; GTPase: guanosine triphosphatase; HFD: high-fat diet; HSCs: hepatic stellate cells; HTRA2: HtrA serine peptidase 2; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; KD: knockdown; KDM6B: lysine demethylase 6B; KO: knockout; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LDs: lipid droplets; Li KO: liver-specific knockout; LSECs: liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K5: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; MED1: mediator complex subunit 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NFE2L2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; NOS3: nitric oxide synthase 3; NR1H3: nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3; OA: oleic acid; OE: overexpression; OSBPL8: oxysterol binding protein like 8; PA: palmitic acid; RUBCNL: rubicon like autophagy enhancer; PLIN2: perilipin 2; PLIN3: perilipin 3; PPARA: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PRKAA2/AMPK: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2; RAB: member RAS oncogene family; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; SCD: stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SIRT3: sirtuin 3; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SREBF1: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1;SREBF2: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TAGs: triacylglycerols; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VMP1: vacuole membrane protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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Chen T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ning Z, Xu Q, Lin Y, Gong J, Li J, Chen Z, Meng Y, Li Y, Li X. Autophagic degradation of MVBs in LSECs promotes Aldosterone induced-HSCs activation. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:273-288. [PMID: 37330971 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The important role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in liver fibrosis has been confirmed. However, EVs derived from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver fibrosis is still unclear. Our previous work demonstrated that Aldosterone (Aldo) may have the potential to regulate EVs from LSECs via autophagy pathway. Thus, we aim to investigate the role of Aldo in the regulation of EVs derived from LSECs. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using an Aldo-continuous pumping rat model, we observed that Aldo-induced liver fibrosis and capillarization of LSECs. In vitro, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that stimulation of Aldo led to the upregulation of autophagy and degradation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in LSECs. Mechanistically, Aldo upregulated ATP6V0A2, which promoted lysosomal acidification and subsequent autophagy in LSECs. Inhibiting autophagy with si-ATG5 adeno-associated virus (AAV) in LSECs effectively mitigated Aldo-induced liver fibrosis in rats. RNA sequencing and nanoparticle tracking (NTA) analyses of EVs derived from LSECs indicated that Aldo result in a decrease in both the quantity and quality of EVs. We also observed a reduction in the protective miRNA-342-5P in EVs derived from Aldo-treated LSECs, which may play a critical role in HSCs activation. Target knockdown of EV secretion with si-RAB27a AAV in LSECs led to the development of liver fibrosis and HSC activation in rats. CONCLUSION Aldo-induced Autophagic degradation of MVBs in LSECs promotes a decrease in the quantity and quality of EVs derived from LSECs, resulting in the activation of HSCs and liver fibrosis under hyperaldosteronism. Modulating the autophagy level of LSECs and their EV secretion may represent a promising therapeutic approach for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zuowei Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qihan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiacheng Gong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jierui Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuoer Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Finch NC, Neal CR, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Satchell SC. The unique structural and functional characteristics of glomerular endothelial cell fenestrations and their potential as a therapeutic target in kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F465-F478. [PMID: 37471420 PMCID: PMC10639027 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00036.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) fenestrations are a critical component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Their unique nondiaphragmed structure is key to their function in glomerular hydraulic permeability, and their aberration in disease can contribute to loss of glomerular filtration function. This review provides a comprehensive update of current understanding of the regulation and biogenesis of fenestrae. We consider diseases in which GEnC fenestration loss is recognized or may play a role and discuss methods with potential to facilitate the study of these critical structures. Literature is drawn from GEnCs as well as other fenestrated cell types such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells that most closely parallel GEnCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Finch
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- Langford Vets, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R Neal
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Cortisol Rapidly Facilitates Glucocorticoid Receptor Translocation to the Plasma Membrane in Primary Trout Hepatocytes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020311. [PMID: 36829586 PMCID: PMC9953755 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) stimulate rapid cell signalling by activating the membrane-anchored intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, the recruitment of the GR to the plasma membrane to facilitate nongenomic signalling is far from clear. As cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) is involved in intracellular protein dynamics, we tested the hypothesis that acute elevation in cortisol levels rapidly stimulates GR translocation to the plasma membrane via a calcium-dependent process in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. To test this, we monitored temporal changes in intracellular GR distribution in response to cortisol exposure. Immunofluorescence labelling showed that the GR was present in cytosolic and nuclear compartments in trout hepatocytes. However, upon cortisol exposure, the GR rapidly (within 5 min) formed punctate and colocalized with caveolin-1, suggesting plasma membrane localization of the receptor. This redistribution of the GR to the plasma membrane was transient and lasted for 30 min and was evident even upon exposure to cortisol-BSA, a membrane-impermeable analogue of the steroid. The rapid cortisol-mediated GR translocation to the plasma membrane involved F-actin polymerization and was completely abolished in the presence of either EGTA or Cpd5J-4, a calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel blocker. Additionally, the modulation of the biophysical properties of the plasma membrane by cholesterol or methyl β-cyclodextrin, which led to changes in ([Ca2+]i) levels, modified GR translocation to the plasma membrane. Altogether, acute cortisol-mediated rise in ([Ca2+]i) levels rapidly stimulated the translocation of intracellular GR to the plasma membrane, and we propose this as a mechanism promoting the nongenomic action of the GR for hepatocyte stress resistance.
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8
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Nucleophagic Degradation of Progerin Ameliorates Defenestration in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelium Due to SIRT1-Mediated Deacetylation of Nuclear LC3. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233918. [PMID: 36497176 PMCID: PMC9738635 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progerin, a permanently farnesylated prelamin A protein in cell nuclei, is potentially implicated in the defenestration of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and liver fibrogenesis. Autophagy regulates the degradation of nuclear components, called nucleophagy, in response to damage. However, little is known about the role of nucleophagy in LSEC defenestration. Herein, we aim to dissect the underlying mechanism of progerin and nucleophagy in LSEC phenotype. We found an abnormal accumulation of progerin and a loss of SIRT1 in the nucleus of intrahepatic cells in human fibrotic liver tissue. In vivo, nuclear progerin abnormally accumulated in defenestrated LSECs, along with a depletion of SIRT1 and Cav-1 during liver fibrogenesis, whereas these effects were reversed by the overexpression of SIRT1 with the adenovirus vector. In vitro, H2O2 induced the excessive accumulation of progeirn, with the depletion of Lamin B1 and Cav-1 to aggravate LSEC defenestration. NAC and mito-TEMPO, classical antioxidants, inhibited NOX2- and NOX4-dependent oxidative stress to improve the depletion of Lamin B1 and Cav-1 and promoted progerin-related nucleophagy, leading to a reverse in H2O2-induced LSEC defenestration. However, rapamycin aggravated the H2O2-induced depletion of Lamin B1 and Cav-1 due to excessive autophagy, despite promoting progerin nucleophagic degradation. In addition, overexpressing SIRT1 with the adenovirus vector inhibited oxidative stress to rescue the production of Lamin B1 and Cav-1. Moreover, the SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of nuclear LC3 promoted progerin nucleophagic degradation and subsequently inhibited the degradation of Lamin B1 and Cav-1, as well as improved F-actin remodeling, contributing to maintaining LSEC fenestrae. Hence, our findings indicate a new strategy for reversing LSEC defenestration by promoting progerin clearance via the SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of nuclear LC3.
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Ilha M, Meira Martins LA, da Silveira Moraes K, Dias CK, Thomé MP, Petry F, Rohden F, Borojevic R, Trindade VMT, Klamt F, Barbé‐Tuana F, Lenz G, Guma FCR. Caveolin-1 influences mitochondrial plasticity and function in hepatic stellate cell activation. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1787-1800. [PMID: 35971753 PMCID: PMC9804617 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an integral membrane protein present in all organelles, responsible for regulating and integrating multiple signals as a platform. Mitochondria are extremely adaptable to external cues in chronic liver diseases, and expression of Cav-1 may affect mitochondrial flexibility in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. We previously demonstrated that exogenous expression of Cav-1 was sufficient to increase some classical markers of activation in HSCs. Here, we aimed to evaluate the influence of exogenous expression and knockdown of Cav-1 on regulating the mitochondrial plasticity, metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria distance, and lysosomal activity in HSCs. To characterize the mitochondrial, lysosomal morphology, and ER-mitochondria distance, we perform transmission electron microscope analysis. We accessed mitochondria and lysosomal networks and functions through a confocal microscope and flow cytometry. The expression of mitochondrial machinery fusion/fission genes was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Total and mitochondrial cholesterol content was measured using Amplex Red. To define energy metabolism, we used the Oroboros system in the cells. We report that GRX cells with exogenous expression or knockdown of Cav-1 changed mitochondrial morphometric parameters, OXPHOS metabolism, ER-mitochondria distance, lysosomal activity, and may change the activation state of HSC. This study highlights that Cav-1 may modulate mitochondrial function and structural reorganization in HSC activation, being a potential candidate marker for chronic liver diseases and a molecular target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ilha
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Leo A. Meira Martins
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil,Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
| | - Ketlen da Silveira Moraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
| | - Camila K. Dias
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
| | - Marcos P. Thomé
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
| | - Fernanda Petry
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
| | - Francieli Rohden
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
| | - Radovan Borojevic
- Centro de Medicina RegenerativaFaculdade Arthur Sa Earp Neto ‐ Faculdade de Medicina de PetrópolisRio de JaneiroBrasil
| | - Vera M. T. Trindade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
| | - Fábio Klamt
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
| | - Florência Barbé‐Tuana
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Celular e MolecularEscola de Ciências da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul‐ PUCRSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
| | - Fátima C. R. Guma
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil,Centro de Microscopia e MicroanáliseUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ UFRGSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasil
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10
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Hou LS, Zhang YW, Li H, Wang W, Huan ML, Zhou SY, Zhang BL. The regulatory role and mechanism of autophagy in energy metabolism-related hepatic fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108117. [PMID: 35077761 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a key pathological process of chronic liver diseases, caused by alcohol, toxic and aberrant energy metabolism. It progresses to cirrhosis or even hepatic carcinoma without effective treatment. Studies have shown that autophagy has important regulatory effects on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) energy metabolism, and then affect the activation state of HSCs. Autophagy maintains hepatic energy homeostasis, and the dysregulation of autophagy can lead to the activation of HSCs and the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. It is necessary to explore the mechanism of autophagy in energy metabolism-related hepatic fibrosis. Herein, the current study summarizes the regulating mechanisms of autophagy through different targets and signal pathways in energy metabolism-related hepatic fibrosis, and discusses the regulatory effect of autophagy by natural plant-derived, endogenous and synthetic compounds for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. A better comprehension of autophagy in hepatic stellate cells energy metabolism-related hepatic fibrosis may provide effective intervention of hepatic fibrosis, explore the potential clinical strategies and promote the drug treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shuang Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Meng-Lei Huan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bang-Le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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11
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The Hepatic Sinusoid in Chronic Liver Disease: The Optimal Milieu for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225719. [PMID: 34830874 PMCID: PMC8616349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the development of chronic liver disease, the hepatic sinusoid undergoes major changes that further compromise the hepatic function, inducing persistent inflammation and the formation of scar tissue, together with alterations in liver hemodynamics. This diseased background may induce the formation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most common form of primary liver cancer and a major cause of mortality. In this review, we describe the ways in which the dysregulation of hepatic sinusoidal cells—including liver sinusoidal cells, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells—may have an important role in the development of HCC. Our review summarizes all of the known sinusoidal processes in both health and disease, and possible treatments focusing on the dysregulation of the sinusoid; finally, we discuss how some of these alterations occurring during chronic injury are shared with the pathology of HCC and may contribute to its development. Abstract The liver sinusoids are a unique type of microvascular beds. The specialized phenotype of sinusoidal cells is essential for their communication, and for the function of all hepatic cell types, including hepatocytes. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) conform the inner layer of the sinusoids, which is permeable due to the fenestrae across the cytoplasm; hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) surround LSECs, regulate the vascular tone, and synthetize the extracellular matrix, and Kupffer cells (KCs) are the liver-resident macrophages. Upon injury, the harmonic equilibrium in sinusoidal communication is disrupted, leading to phenotypic alterations that may affect the function of the whole liver if the damage persists. Understanding how the specialized sinusoidal cells work in coordination with each other in healthy livers and chronic liver disease is of the utmost importance for the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the design of novel pharmacological strategies. In this manuscript, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of sinusoidal cells and their communication both in health and chronic liver diseases, and their potential pharmacologic modulation. Finally, we discuss how alterations occurring during chronic injury may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is usually developed in the background of chronic liver disease.
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12
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Jiang W, Wang J, Xue W, Xin J, Shi C, Wen J, Feng X, Huang Y, Hu C. Caveolin-1 attenuates acetaminophen aggravated lipid accumulation in alcoholic fatty liver by activating mitophagy via the Pink-1/Parkin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174324. [PMID: 34246650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) is a disease characterized by the abnormal structure and dysfunction of hepatocytes caused by long-term, excessive drinking. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used painkiller, but it can aggravate lipid deposition in the liver and cause liver injury when used in fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated the effect of caveolin-1 (CAV-1), an intracellular stent protein, on the pathogenesis of APAP aggravated lipid deposition in AFL mice. This study shows that lipid accumulation was more severe in APAP groups than in alcohol-treated mice. The CAV-1 stent-like domain (CSD, 82-101 amino acids of caveolin-1), used to upregulate CAV-1 expression, could reduce lipid accumulation and activate autophagy in AFL mice treated with APAP. The levels of CAV-1 and autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II/I and Beclin-1) had decreased, whereas SREBP-1c had increased in A/O (alcohol and oleic acid) and APAP-co-treated L02 cells. CAV-1 small interfering RNA and CAV1-overexpressing plasmid were separately transfected into A/O and APAP co-treated L02 cells. When CAV-1 was downregulated, the levels of Pink-1, Parkin, and autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II/I and Beclin-1) were decreased, whereas SREBP-1c was increased. The opposite trend was observed when CAV-1 was overexpressed. The results show that CAV-1 reduced lipid accumulation in L02 cells and activated Pink-1/Parkin-related mitophagy. This study highlights the positive role of CAV-1 in APAP-increased lipid accumulation under the AFL status and provides a new understanding of the function of CAV-1 in the liver through mitophagy associated with the Pink-1/Parkin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weiju Xue
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiao Xin
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Congjian Shi
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiagen Wen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chengmu Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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13
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Huang D, Yang B, Yao Y, Liao M, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Zhang F, Wang N, Tong G. Autophagic Inhibition of Caveolin-1 by Compound Phyllanthus urinaria L. Activates Ubiquitination and Proteasome Degradation of β-catenin to Suppress Metastasis of Hepatitis B-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:659325. [PMID: 34168559 PMCID: PMC8217966 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound Phyllanthus urinaria L. (CP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for cancer treatment in the clinic, particularly during progression of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-associated HCC). Nevertheless, its anti-metastatic action and mechanisms are not well elucidated. In this study, CP was found to exert remarkable inhibitory effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HBV-associated HCC cells. The following network and biological analyses predicted that CP mainly targeted Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) to induce anti-metastatic effects, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway was one of the core mechanisms of CP action against HBV-associated HCC. Further experimental validation implied that Cav-1 overexpression promoted metastasis of HBV-associated HCC by stabilizing β-catenin, while CP administration induced autophagic degradation of Cav-1, activated the Akt/GSK3β-mediated proteasome degradation of β-catenin via ubiquitination activation, and subsequently attenuated the metastasis-promoting effect of Cav-1. In addition, the anti-cancer and anti-metastatic action of CP was further confirmed by in vivo and ex vivo experiments. It was found that CP inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis of HBV-associated HCC in both mice liver cancer xenograft and zebrafish xenotransplantation models. Taken together, our study not only highlights the novel function of CP formula in suppressing metastasis of HBV-associated HCC, but it also addresses the critical role of Cav-1 in mediating Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin axis to control the late-phase of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Huang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Yao
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mianmian Liao
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Zeng
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Wu S, Lu H, Wang W, Song L, Liu M, Cao Y, Qi X, Sun J, Gong L. Prevention of D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI by 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid through PXR-mediated inhibition of autophagy degradation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:480. [PMID: 33986260 PMCID: PMC8119493 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) has multiple causes and results in liver dysfunction. Severe or persistent liver injury eventually leads to liver failure and even death. Pregnane X receptor (PXR)-null mice present more severe liver damage and lower rates of autophagy. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has been proposed as a promising hepatoprotective agent. We hypothesized that GA significantly alleivates D-GalN/LPS-induced ALI, which involved in PXR-mediated autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. We found that GA can significantly decrease hepatocyte apoptosis and increase the hepatic autophagy marker LC3-B. Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3 tandem fluorescence, RNA-seq and real-time PCR indicated that GA may stabilize autophagosomes and lysosomes and inhibit autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Simultaneously, GA markedly activates PXR, even reversing the D-GalN/LPS-induced reduction of PXR and its downstream genes. In contrast, GA has a weak protective effect in pharmacological inhibition of PXR and PXR-null mice, which significantly affected apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes. PXR knockout interferes with the stability of autophagosomes and lysosomes, preventing GA reducing the expression of lysosomal genes such as Cst B and TPP1, and suppressing autophagy flow. Therefore, we believe that GA increases autophagy by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion and blocked autophagy flux via activation of PXR. In conclusion, our results show that GA activates PXR to regulate autophagy and lysosome biogenesis, represented by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion and stabilization of lysosome. These results identify a new mechanism by which GA-dependent PXR activation reduces D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Henglei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Luyao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Zhongshan Branch, the Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China.
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15
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Shi X, Wen Z, Wang Y, Liu YJ, Shi K, Jiu Y. Feedback-Driven Mechanisms Between Phosphorylated Caveolin-1 and Contractile Actin Assemblies Instruct Persistent Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665919. [PMID: 33928090 PMCID: PMC8076160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton and membrane-associated caveolae contribute to active processes, such as cell morphogenesis and motility. How these two systems interact and control directional cell migration is an outstanding question but remains understudied. Here we identified a negative feedback between contractile actin assemblies and phosphorylated caveolin-1 (CAV-1) in migrating cells. Cytoplasmic CAV-1 vesicles display actin-associated motilities by sliding along actin filaments or/and coupling to do retrograde flow with actomyosin bundles. Inhibition of contractile stress fibers, but not Arp2/3-dependent branched actin filaments, diminished the phosphorylation of CAV-1 on site Tyr14, and resulted in substantially increased size and decreased motility of cytoplasmic CAV-1 vesicles. Reciprocally, both the CAV-1 phospho-deficient mutation on site Tyr14 and CAV-1 knockout resulted in dramatic AMPK phosphorylation, further causing reduced active level of RhoA-myosin II and increased active level of Rac1-PAK1-Cofilin, consequently led to disordered contractile stress fibers and prominent lamellipodia. As a result, cells displayed depolarized morphology and compromised directional migration. Collectively, we propose a model in which feedback-driven regulation between actin and CAV-1 instructs persistent cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Shi
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Shi
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Luo X, Bai Y, He S, Sun S, Jiang X, Yang Z, Lu D, Wei P, Liang Y, Peng C, Wang Y, Sheng R, Han S, Li X, Zhang B. Sirtuin 1 ameliorates defenestration in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells during liver fibrosis via inhibiting stress-induced premature senescence. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12991. [PMID: 33522656 PMCID: PMC7941223 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Premature senescence is related to progerin and involves in endothelial dysfunction and liver diseases. Activating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) ameliorates liver fibrosis. However, the mechanisms of premature senescence in defenestration of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs) and how SIRT1 affects HSECs fenestrae remain elusive. METHODS We employed the CCl4 -induced liver fibrogenesis rat models and cultured primary HSECs in vitro, administered with the SIRT1-adenovirus vector, the activator of SIRT1 and knockdown NOX2. We measured the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) in HSECs. Meanwhile, the protein expression of SIRT1, NOX2, progerin, Lamin A/C, Ac p53 K381 and total p53 was detected by Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. RESULTS In vivo, premature senescence was triggered by oxidative stress during CCl4 -induced HSECs defenestration and liver fibrogenesis, whereas overexpressing SIRT1 with adenovirus vector lessened premature senescence to relieve CCl4 -induced HSECs defenestration and liver fibrosis. In vitro, HSECs fenestrae disappeared, with emerging progerin-associated premature senescence; these effects were aggravated by H2 O2 . Nevertheless, knockdown of NOX2, activation of SIRT1 with resveratrol and SIRT1-adenovirus vector inhibited progerin-associated premature senescence to maintain fenestrae through deacetylating p53. Furthermore, more Ac p53 K381 and progerin co-localized with the abnormal accumulation of actin filament (F-actin) in the nuclear envelope of H2 O2 -treated HSECs; in contrast, these effects were rescued by overexpressing SIRT1. CONCLUSION SIRT1-mediated deacetylation maintains HSECs fenestrae and attenuates liver fibrogenesis through inhibiting oxidative stress-induced premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Luo
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Microbiome LaboratoryHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yangqiu Bai
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shuli He
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Suofeng Sun
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Microbiome LaboratoryHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiaoke Jiang
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Microbiome LaboratoryHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Di Lu
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Microbiome LaboratoryHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Peiru Wei
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ruli Sheng
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shuangyin Han
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Bingyong Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Clinical MedicineHenan UniversityZhengzhouChina
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17
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Kouroumalis E, Voumvouraki A, Augoustaki A, Samonakis DN. Autophagy in liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:6-65. [PMID: 33584986 PMCID: PMC7856864 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the liver cell energy recycling system regulating a variety of homeostatic mechanisms. Damaged organelles, lipids and proteins are degraded in the lysosomes and their elements are re-used by the cell. Investigations on autophagy have led to the award of two Nobel Prizes and a health of important reports. In this review we describe the fundamental functions of autophagy in the liver including new data on the regulation of autophagy. Moreover we emphasize the fact that autophagy acts like a two edge sword in many occasions with the most prominent paradigm being its involvement in the initiation and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma. We also focused to the implication of autophagy and its specialized forms of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. We analyzed autophagy not only in well studied diseases, like alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis but also in viral hepatitis, biliary diseases, autoimmune hepatitis and rare diseases including inherited metabolic diseases and also acetaminophene hepatotoxicity. We also stressed the different consequences that activation or impairment of autophagy may have in hepatocytes as opposed to Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells or hepatic stellate cells. Finally, we analyzed the limited clinical data compared to the extensive experimental evidence and the possible future therapeutic interventions based on autophagy manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Liver Research Laboratory, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Argryro Voumvouraki
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Augoustaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
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18
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Das C, Faught E, Vijayan MM. Cortisol rapidly stimulates calcium waves in the developing trunk muscle of zebrafish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111067. [PMID: 33129866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) play a role in stress coping by activating the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ligand-bound transcription factor. GCs also exert rapid effects that are nongenomic by modulating second messenger signaling, including Ca2+. However, the mechanism of action of GCs in modulating cytoplasmic free calcium level ([Ca2+]i) is unclear. We hypothesized that cortisol increases ([Ca2+]i) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) muscle, and this is independent of GR activation. Indeed, cortisol rapidly stimulated ([Ca2+]i) rise in the developing trunk muscle (DTM), and this response was not abolished in the GR knockout zebrafish. The rapid cortisol-induced ([Ca2+]i) rise was reduced with EGTA, and completely abolished by the pharmacological inhibition of the calcium release-activated calcium channel (CRACC). Also, cortisol stimulation rapidly increased the expression of Orai1, the pore forming protein subunit of CRACC, in the DTM. Altogether, rapid nongenomic action of cortisol on muscle function may involve Ca2+ signaling by CRACC gating in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Erin Faught
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada.
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19
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Yamamuro T, Kawabata T, Fukuhara A, Saita S, Nakamura S, Takeshita H, Fujiwara M, Enokidani Y, Yoshida G, Tabata K, Hamasaki M, Kuma A, Yamamoto K, Shimomura I, Yoshimori T. Age-dependent loss of adipose Rubicon promotes metabolic disorders via excess autophagy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4150. [PMID: 32811819 PMCID: PMC7434891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic decline in autophagic activity with age impairs homeostasis in several tissues, leading to age-related diseases. A mechanistic understanding of adipocyte dysfunction with age could help to prevent age-related metabolic disorders, but the role of autophagy in aged adipocytes remains unclear. Here we show that, in contrast to other tissues, aged adipocytes upregulate autophagy due to a decline in the levels of Rubicon, a negative regulator of autophagy. Rubicon knockout in adipocytes causes fat atrophy and hepatic lipid accumulation due to reductions in the expression of adipogenic genes, which can be recovered by activation of PPARγ. SRC-1 and TIF2, coactivators of PPARγ, are degraded by autophagy in a manner that depends on their binding to GABARAP family proteins, and are significantly downregulated in Rubicon-ablated or aged adipocytes. Hence, we propose that age-dependent decline in adipose Rubicon exacerbates metabolic disorders by promoting excess autophagic degradation of SRC-1 and TIF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamamuro
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Saita
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hikari Takeshita
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Fujiwara
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Enokidani
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gota Yoshida
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tabata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maho Hamasaki
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuma
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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20
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Li Y, Liu R, Wu J, Li X. Self-eating: friend or foe? The emerging role of autophagy in fibrotic diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7993-8017. [PMID: 32724454 PMCID: PMC7381749 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis occurs in most human organs including the liver, lung, heart and kidney, and is crucial for the progression of most chronic diseases. As an indispensable catabolic process for intracellular quality control and homeostasis, autophagy occurs in most mammalian cells and is implicated in many biological processes including fibrogenesis. Although advances have been made in understanding autophagy process, the potential role of autophagy in fibrotic diseases remains controversial and has recently attracted a great deal of attention. In the current review, we summarize the commonalities of autophagy affecting different types of fibrosis in different organs, including the liver, lung, heart, and kidney as well as in cystic fibrosis, systematically outline the contradictory results and highlight the distinct role of autophagy during the various stages of fibrosis. In summary, the exact role autophagy plays in fibrogenesis depends on specific cell types and different stimuli, and identifying and evaluating the pathogenic contribution of autophagy in fibrogenesis will promote the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of these fibrotic diseases.
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21
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Wang J, Deng M, Wu H, Wang M, Gong J, Bai H, Wu Y, Pan J, Chen Y, Li S. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid alleviates orthotopic liver transplantation‑induced hepatic ischemia‑reperfusion injury by regulating the AKT/GSK3β/NF‑κB and AKT/mTOR pathways in rat Kupffer cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1875-1887. [PMID: 32236599 PMCID: PMC7169828 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms are involved in regulating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), in which Kupffer cells (KCs), which are liver-resident macrophages, play critical roles by regulating inflammation and the immune response. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory effects and induces autophagy. To investigate whether SAHA ameliorates IRI and the mechanisms by which SAHA exerts its effects, an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) rat model was established after treatment with SAHA. The results showed that SAHA effectively ameliorated OLT-induced IRI by reducing M1 polarization of KCs through inhibition of the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, the present study found that SAHA upregulates autophagy 5 protein (ATG5)/LC3B in KCs through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of ATG5 in KCs partly impaired the protective effect of SAHA on IR-injured liver. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that SAHA reduces M1 polarization of KCs by inhibiting the AKT/GSK3β/NF-κB pathway and upregulates autophagy in KCs through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which both alleviate OLT-induced IRI. The present study revealed that SAHA may be a novel treatment for the amelioration of OLT-induced IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Menghao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - He Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yakun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, P.R. China
| | - Junjiang Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Yibin City, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Shengwei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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22
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Complex Cell Type-Specific Roles of Autophagy in Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030225. [PMID: 32197543 PMCID: PMC7157207 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal degradation pathway, or autophagy, plays a fundamental role in cellular, tissue, and organismal homeostasis. A correlation between dysregulated autophagy and liver fibrosis (including end-stage disease, cirrhosis) is well-established. However, both the up and downregulation of autophagy have been implicated in fibrogenesis. For example, the inhibition of autophagy in hepatocytes and macrophages can enhance liver fibrosis, whereas autophagic activity in hepatic stellate cells and reactive ductular cells is permissive towards fibrogenesis. In this review, the contributions of specific cell types to liver fibrosis as well as the mechanisms underlying the effects of autophagy are summarized. In view of the functional effects of multiple cell types on the complex process of hepatic fibrogenesis, integrated approaches that consider the role of autophagy in each liver cell type should be a focus of future research.
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23
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Zhang R, Huang XQ, Jiang YY, Li N, Wang J, Chen SY. LncRNA TUG1 regulates autophagy-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells by sponging miR-142-3p. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:758-772. [PMID: 32269710 PMCID: PMC7137070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that competing endogenous RNA networks play a critical role in cirrhosis progression. However, their biological role and regulatory mechanisms in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) have not been explored. Here, we exposed LSECs to starvation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and assessed changes in TUG1 and miR-142-3p expression, autophagy, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). We confirmed the effects of targeted binding between miR-142-3p and TUG1 or ATG5 by luciferase activity and radio-immunoprecipitation assay. Using an in vivo rat model of cirrhosis, we evaluated autophagy and EndMT in LSECs by immunofluorescence co-localization and immunohistochemical staining. The diagnostic efficiency of miR-142-3p and LPS were determined by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. We found that LSECs survived starvation by activating autophagy. LPS treatment enhanced autophagy and promoted EndMT of LSECs by upregulating TUG1. Our rat model of cirrhosis confirmed that serum LPS level, autophagy, and EndMT were increased in LSECs. TUG1 was highly expressed in LSECs, and TUG1 knockdown suppressed ATG5-mediated autophagy and EndMT of LSECs. TUG1 regulated ATG5 via shared miR-142-3p response elements. miR-142-3p was expressed at low levels in LSECs and negatively regulated autophagy and EndMT by reducing ATG5 expression. Our results suggest that TUG1 promotes LPS-induced autophagy and EndMT of LSECs by functioning as an endogenous sponge for miR-142-3p and promoting the expression of ATG5. LPS and miR-142-3p are potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Quan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Yi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver DiseaseShanghai, P. R. China
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24
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Bai X, Yang X, Jia X, Rong Y, Chen L, Zeng T, Deng X, Li W, Wu G, Wang L, Li Y, Zhang J, Xiong Z, Xiong L, Wang Y, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Jin S. CAV1-CAVIN1-LC3B-mediated autophagy regulates high glucose-stimulated LDL transcytosis. Autophagy 2019; 16:1111-1129. [PMID: 31448673 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1659613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a recognized high-risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, in which macroautophagy/autophagy is emerging to play essential roles. The retention of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in subendothelial space following transcytosis across the endothelium is the initial step of atherosclerosis. Here, we identified that high glucose could promote atherosclerosis by stimulating transcytosis of LDL. By inhibiting AMPK-MTOR-PIK3C3 pathway, high glucose suppresses the CAV-CAVIN-LC3B-mediated autophagic degradation of CAV1; therefore, more CAV1 is accumulated in the cytosol and utilized to form more caveolae in the cell membrane and facilitates the LDL transcytosis across endothelial cells. For a proof of concept, higher levels of lipids were accumulated in the subendothelial space of umbilical venous walls from pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), compared to those of pregnant women without GDM. Our results reveal that high glucose stimulates LDL transcytosis by a novel CAV1-CAVIN1-LC3B signaling-mediated autophagic degradation pathway. ABBREVIATIONS 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; Bafi: bafilomycin A1; CAV1: caveolin-1; CAVIN1: caveolae associated protein 1; CSD: the CAV1 scaffolding domain; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; IMD: intramembrane domain; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule- associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Bai
- Department of endocrinology, Institute of geriatric medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of laboratory medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiong Jia
- Department of endocrinology, Institute of geriatric medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yueguang Rong
- Department of Pathogenic biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuling Deng
- Department of endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangjie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of laboratory medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhifan Xiong
- Department of endocrinology, Institute of geriatric medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of laboratory medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of endocrinology, Institute of geriatric medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of endocrinology, Institute of geriatric medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of endocrinology, Institute of geriatric medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China
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25
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Ilha M, Moraes KDS, Rohden F, Martins LAM, Borojevic R, Lenz G, Barbé‐Tuana F, Guma FCR. Exogenous expression of caveolin‐1 is sufficient for hepatic stellate cell activation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19031-19043. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ilha
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐ Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Ketlen da Silveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐ Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Francieli Rohden
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐ Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Leo Anderson Meira Martins
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐ Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Radovan Borojevic
- Centro de Medicina RegenerativaFaculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis – FMPPetrópolis RJ Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ UFRGSPorto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Florencia Barbé‐Tuana
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐ Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto Alegre RS Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Celular e MolecularEscola de Ciências da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul‐ PUCRSPorto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Fátima Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas‐ Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSPorto Alegre RS Brazil
- Centro de Microscopia e MicroanáliseUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul ‐ UFRGSPorto Alegre RS Brazil
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26
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Tomaipitinca L, Mandatori S, Mancinelli R, Giulitti F, Petrungaro S, Moresi V, Facchiano A, Ziparo E, Gaudio E, Giampietri C. The Role of Autophagy in Liver Epithelial Cells and Its Impact on Systemic Homeostasis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040827. [PMID: 30979078 PMCID: PMC6521167 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes as it controls the turnover rate of cellular components and influences cellular homeostasis. The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms’ metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synthesis and the removal of toxic substances. Liver functions are particularly sensitive to autophagy modulation. In this review we summarize studies investigating how autophagy influences the hepatic metabolism, focusing on fat accumulation and lipids turnover. We also describe how autophagy affects bile production and the scavenger function within the complex homeostasis of the liver. We underline the role of hepatic autophagy in counteracting the metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk. Finally, we highlight recent reports demonstrating how the autophagy occurring within the liver may affect skeletal muscle homeostasis as well as different extrahepatic solid tumors, such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Mandatori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Giulitti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Petrungaro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elio Ziparo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Ruart M, Chavarria L, Campreciós G, Suárez-Herrera N, Montironi C, Guixé-Muntet S, Bosch J, Friedman SL, Garcia-Pagán JC, Hernández-Gea V. Impaired endothelial autophagy promotes liver fibrosis by aggravating the oxidative stress response during acute liver injury. J Hepatol 2019; 70:458-469. [PMID: 30367898 PMCID: PMC6704477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Endothelial dysfunction plays an essential role in liver injury, yet the phenotypic regulation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) remains unknown. Autophagy is an endogenous protective system whose loss could undermine LSEC integrity and phenotype. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of autophagy in the regulation of endothelial dysfunction and the impact of its manipulation during liver injury. METHODS We analyzed primary isolated LSECs from Atg7control and Atg7endo mice as well as rats after CCl4 induced liver injury. Liver tissue and primary isolated stellate cells were used to analyze liver fibrosis. Autophagy flux, microvascular function, nitric oxide bioavailability, cellular superoxide content and the antioxidant response were evaluated in endothelial cells. RESULTS Autophagy maintains LSEC homeostasis and is rapidly upregulated during capillarization in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological and genetic downregulation of endothelial autophagy increases oxidative stress in vitro. During liver injury in vivo, the selective loss of endothelial autophagy leads to cellular dysfunction and reduced intrahepatic nitric oxide. The loss of autophagy also impairs LSECs ability to handle oxidative stress and aggravates fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy contributes to maintaining endothelial phenotype and protecting LSECs from oxidative stress during early phases of liver disease. Selectively potentiating autophagy in LSECs during early stages of liver disease may be an attractive approach to modify the disease course and prevent fibrosis progression. LAY SUMMARY Liver endothelial cells are the first liver cell type affected after any kind of liver injury. The loss of their unique phenotype during injury amplifies liver damage by orchestrating the response of the liver microenvironment. Autophagy is a mechanism involved in the regulation of this initial response and its manipulation can modify the progression of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ruart
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Chavarria
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genís Campreciós
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas, Spain
| | - Nuria Suárez-Herrera
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Montironi
- Pathology Department, Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, BCLC Group, IDIBAPS, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Bosch
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas, Spain; Swiss Liver Centre, Inselspital, Bern University, CH, Switzerland
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Garcia-Pagán
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas, Spain
| | - Virginia Hernández-Gea
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas, Spain.
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Liu Y, Bi Y, Mo C, Zeng T, Huang S, Gao L, Sun X, Lv Z. Betulinic acid attenuates liver fibrosis by inducing autophagy via the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. J Nat Med 2018; 73:179-189. [PMID: 30377904 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of betulinic acid on human hepatic stellate cells in vitro and C57BL/6 mice in vivo, as well as the signaling pathways involved. In this study, we explored the effects of betulinic acid on expression of alpha smooth muscle actin and autophagy-related proteins. Betulinic acid reduced pathological damage associated with liver fibrosis, as well as serum platelet-derived growth factor and serum hydroxyproline levels. Furthermore, betulinic acid downregulated the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin and type I collagen in mouse liver and upregulated the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B and autophagy-related gene 7 at the gene and protein levels. LC3II expression was increased and alpha smooth muscle actin expression was decreased in betulinic acid-treated hepatic stellate cells. Interventions with bafilomycin A1 and mCherry-GFP-LC3 adenoviruses promoted the formation of autophagosomes in hepatic stellate cells and the development of autophagic flow. Our study found that mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase may be involved in the effects of betulinic acid on liver fibrosis. The present study suggests that betulinic acid has anti-hepatic fibrosis activity by inducing autophagy and could serve as a promising new agent for treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmeng Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Falero-Perez J, Song YS, Zhao Y, Teixeira L, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Cyp1b1 expression impacts the angiogenic and inflammatory properties of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206756. [PMID: 30372497 PMCID: PMC6205649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is a member of the cytochrome p450 family of enzymes that catalyze mono-oxygenase reactions. Although constitutive Cyp1b1 expression is limited in hepatocytes, its expression and function in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) remains unknown. Here we determined the impact of Cyp1b1 expression on LSEC properties prepared from Cyp1b1+/+ and Cyp1b1-/- mice. LSEC expressed PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, and B4 lectin similar to EC from other mouse tissues. Cyp1b1 +/+ LSEC constitutively expressed significant levels of Cyp1b1, while Cyp1b1-/- LSEC lacked Cyp1b1 expression. LSEC also expressed VEGFR3, PROX-1, and LYVE-1, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, as well as other cell adhesion molecules including ICAM-1, ICAM-2, VCAM-1, and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) receptors, CD36 and CD47. However, the expression of PV-1 and stabilin (fenestration markers), and endoglin were limited in these cells. The Cyp1b1-/- LSEC showed limited fenestration, and decreased levels of VEGF and BMP6. Cyp1b1-/- LSEC also showed a decrease in the levels of VE-cadherin and ZO-1 impacting adherens and gap junction formation. Cyp1b1-/- LSEC were significantly more apoptotic, proliferated at a faster rate, and were less adherent and more migratory. These changes were attributed, in part, to decreased amounts of TSP1 and increased AKT and ERK activation. The expressions of integrins were also altered by the lack of Cyp1b1, but the ability of these cells to undergo capillary morphogenesis was minimally affected. Furthermore, Cyp1b1-/- LSEC expressed lower levels of inflammatory mediators MCP-1 and TNF-α. Thus, Cyp1b1 expression has a significant impact on LSEC angiogenic and inflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Falero-Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI, United States of America
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI, United States of America
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI, United States of America
| | - Leandro Teixeira
- Deaprtment of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison WI, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
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