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Xu P, Swain S, Novorolsky RJ, Garcia E, Huang Z, Snutch TP, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS, Renden RB. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor Ru265 increases neuronal excitability and reduces neurotransmission via off-target effects. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3503-3526. [PMID: 38779706 PMCID: PMC11309911 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excitotoxicity due to mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) overloading can trigger neuronal cell death in a variety of pathologies. Inhibiting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) has been proposed as a therapeutic avenue to prevent calcium overloading. Ru265 (ClRu(NH3)4(μ-N)Ru(NH3)4Cl]Cl3) is a cell-permeable inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) with nanomolar affinity. Ru265 reduces sensorimotor deficits and neuronal death in models of ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic use of Ru265 is limited by the induction of seizure-like behaviours. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of Ru265 on synaptic and neuronal function in acute brain slices and hippocampal neuron cultures derived from mice, in control and where MCU expression was genetically abrogated. KEY RESULTS Ru265 decreased evoked responses from calyx terminals and induced spontaneous action potential firing of both the terminal and postsynaptic principal cell. Recordings of presynaptic Ca2+ currents suggested that Ru265 blocks the P/Q type channel, confirmed by the inhibition of currents in cells exogenously expressing the P/Q type channel. Measurements of presynaptic K+ currents further revealed that Ru265 blocked a KCNQ current, leading to increased membrane excitability, underlying spontaneous spiking. Ca2+ imaging of hippocampal neurons showed that Ru265 increased synchronized, high-amplitude events, recapitulating seizure-like activity seen in vivo. Importantly, MCU ablation did not suppress Ru265-induced increases in neuronal activity and seizures. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the pro-convulsant effects of Ru265 and suggest counter screening assays based on the measurement of P/Q and KCNQ channel currents to identify safe MCU inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Sarpras Swain
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Robyn J Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Esperanza Garcia
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhouyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert B Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Vecellio Reane D, Serna JDC, Raffaello A. Unravelling the complexity of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter: regulation, tissue specificity, and physiological implications. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102907. [PMID: 38788256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling acts a pleiotropic message within the cell that is decoded by the mitochondria through a sophisticated ion channel known as the Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) complex. Under physiological conditions, mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling is crucial for coordinating cell activation with energy production. Conversely, in pathological scenarios, it can determine the fine balance between cell survival and death. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular bases of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling. This began with the elucidation of the MCU channel components and extended to the elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate its activity. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests molecular mechanisms allowing tissue-specific modulation of the MCU complex, tailoring channel activity to the specific needs of different tissues or cell types. This review aims to explore the latest evidence elucidating the regulation of the MCU complex, the molecular factors controlling the tissue-specific properties of the channel, and the physiological and pathological implications of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vecellio Reane
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Germany.
| | - Julian D C Serna
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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Bierhansl L, Gola L, Narayanan V, Dik A, Meuth SG, Wiendl H, Kovac S. Neuronal Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) Deficiency Is Neuroprotective in Hyperexcitability by Modulation of Metabolic Pathways and ROS Balance. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04148-x. [PMID: 38652352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. Common epileptic drugs generally affect ion channels or neurotransmitters and prevent the emergence of seizures. However, up to a third of the patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies that go beyond acute antiepileptic (antiseizure) therapies towards therapeutics that also might have effects on chronic epilepsy comorbidities such as cognitive decline and depression. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) mediates rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ transport through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Ca2+ influx is essential for mitochondrial functions, but longer elevations of intracellular Ca2+ levels are closely associated with seizure-induced neuronal damage, which are underlying mechanisms of cognitive decline and depression. Using neuronal-specific MCU knockout mice (MCU-/-ΔN), we demonstrate that neuronal MCU deficiency reduced hippocampal excitability in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro analyses of hippocampal glioneuronal cells reveal no change in total Ca2+ levels but differences in intracellular Ca2+ handling. MCU-/-ΔN reduces ROS production, declines metabolic fluxes, and consequently prevents glioneuronal cell death. This effect was also observed under pathological conditions, such as the low magnesium culture model of seizure-like activity or excitotoxic glutamate stimulation, whereby MCU-/-ΔN reduces ROS levels and suppresses Ca2+ overload seen in WT cells. This study highlights the importance of MCU at the interface of Ca2+ handling and metabolism as a mediator of stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction, which indicates the modulation of MCU as a potential target for future antiepileptogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bierhansl
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Gola
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Venu Narayanan
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andre Dik
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Wang M, Li H, Qian Y, Zhao S, Wang H, Wang Y, Yu T. The lncRNA lnc_AABR07044470.1 promotes the mitochondrial-damaged inflammatory response to neuronal injury via miR-214-3p/PERM1 axis in acute ischemic stroke. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:412. [PMID: 38466466 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the role of lnc_AABR07044470.1 on the occurrence and development of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and neuronal injury by targeting the miR-214-3p/PERM1 axis to find a novel clinical drug target and prediction and treatment of AIS. METHODS The mouse AIS animal model was used in vivo experiments and hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model in vitro was established. Firstly, infarction volume and pathological changes of mouse hippocampal neurons were detected using HE staining. Secondly, rat primary neuron apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry assay. The numbers of neuron, microglia and astrocytes were detected using immunofluorescence (IF). Furthermore, binding detection was performed by bioinformatics database and double luciferase reporter assay. Lnc_AABR07044470.1 localization was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).Lnc_AABR07044470.1, miR-214-3pand PERM1mRNA expression was performed using RT-qPCR. NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and PERM1 protein expression was performed using Western blotting. IL-1β was detected by ELISA assay. RESULTS Mouse four-vessel occlusion could easily establish the animal model, and AIS animal model had an obvious time-dependence. HE staining showed that, compared with the sham group, infarction volume and pathological changes of mouse hippocampal neurons were deteriorated in the model group. Furthermore, compared with the sham group, neurons were significantly reduced, while microglia and astrocytes were significantly activated. Moreover, the bioinformatics prediction and detection of double luciferase reporter confirmed the binding site of lnc_AABR07044470.1 to miR-214-3p and miR-214-3p to Perm1. lnc_AABR07044470.1 and PERM1 expression was significantly down-regulated and miR-214-3pexpression was significantly up-regulated in AIS animal model in vivo. At the same time, the expression of inflammasome NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β was significantly up-regulated in vivo and in vitro. The over-expression of lnc_AABR07044470.1 and miR-214-3p inhibitor could inhibit the neuron apoptosis and the expression of inflammasome NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and up-regulate the expression of PERM1 in vitro. Finally, over-expression of lnc_AABR07044470.1 and miR-214-3p inhibitor transfected cell model was significant in relieving the AIS and neuronal injury. CONCLUSION Lnc_AABR07044470.1 promotes inflammatory response to neuronal injury via miR-214-3p/PERM1 axis in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Qian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China.
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Yi H, Chen T, Gan J, Dong Z, Liu D, Zheng Y, Ning H, Wei Q. Effects of percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with zoledronic acid injection on osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and bone metabolism indices. J Neurosurg Sci 2024; 68:80-88. [PMID: 33297608 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.20.05117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is usually treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) which has limitations. We aimed to evaluate the effects of PKP combined with zoledronic acid (ZOL) injection on OVCF and bone metabolism indices. METHODS A total of 600 OVCF patients admitted from June 2015 to June 2020 were randomly divided into group A (PKP alone), group B (PKP combined with ZOL 1 month later) and group C (PKP concurrently combined with ZOL) (N.=200). Before as well as 1 month (before ZOL treatment in group B) and 1 year after PKP, the pain degree, physical function and self-care ability in daily life were assessed, the height and kyphosis Cobb angle of vertebral body with compression fracture and bone mineral densities (BMDs) at different parts were measured, the clinical efficacy, adverse reactions and recurrence of vertebral fractures during 3 years of follow-up were observed, and the serum levels of BAP, BGP, β-CTx and TP1NP were detected. RESULTS Compared with groups A and B, group C had significantly reduced visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores and raised activity of daily living (ADL) score 1 month after PKP (P<0.05). Groups A-C had successively lowered VAS and ODI scores and elevated ADL Score 1 year after PKP (P<0.05). Compared with before PKP, the height of vertebral body with compression fracture significantly increased, and the kyphosis Cobb angle decreased in the three groups 1 month and 1 year after PKP (P<0.05). In group A, the height was lower whereas the angle was larger 1 year after PKP than those 1 month after PKP (P<0.05). One month after PKP, the height was significantly higher and the angle was smaller in group C than those of groups A and B (P<0.05). One year after PKP, the height significantly increased and the angle decreased successively in groups A-C (P<0.05). BMDs at different parts were significantly higher in group C than those of groups A and B 1 month after PKP (P<0.05). One year after PKP, BMDs were highest in group C and lowest in group A (P<0.05). The overall response rate was significantly higher in group C than that in group A (P<0.05). The recurrence rate of fractures was significantly higher in group A than those of groups B and C (P<0.05). The BAP, BGP, β-CTx and TP1NP levels were significantly lower in group C than those of groups A and B 1 month after PKP (P<0.05), and declined successively in groups A-C 1 year after PKP (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS PKP concurrently combined with ZOL exert the most significant therapeutic effects on OVCF, with the lowest recurrence rate of fractures. It relieves pain and improves the physical function and self-care ability in daily life probably by reducing bone metabolism indices, increasing BMD, and maintaining the height and kyphosis Cobb angle of recovered vertebral body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchi Yi
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jiming Gan
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuoqian Dong
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dun Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanzhi Zheng
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Huijun Ning
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qingzhong Wei
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China -
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Chukai Y, Ito G, Miki Y, Wakabayashi K, Itoh K, Sugano E, Tomita H, Fukuda T, Ozaki T. Role of calpain-5 in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130506. [PMID: 37949151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury exacerbate the prognosis of ischemic diseases. The cause of this exacerbation is partly a mitochondrial cell death pathway. Mitochondrial calpain-5 is proteolyzed/autolyzed under endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting in inflammatory caspase-4 activation. However, the role of calpain-5 in I/R injury remains unclear. We hypothesized that calpain-5 is involved in ischemic brain disease. METHODS Mitochondria from C57BL/6J mice were extracted via centrifugation with/without proteinase K treatment. The expression and proteolysis/autolysis of calpain-5 were determined using western blotting. The mouse and human brains with I/R injury were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. HT22 cells were treated with tunicamycin and CAPN5 siRNA. RESULTS Calpain-5 was expressed in the mitochondria of mouse tissues. Mitochondrial calpain-5 in mouse brains was responsive to calcium earlier than cytosolic calpain-5 in vitro calcium assays and in vivo bilateral common carotid artery occlusion model mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that neurons were positive for calpain-5 in the normal brains of mice and humans. The expression of calpain-5 was increased in reactive astrocytes at human infarction sites. The knockdown of calpain-5 suppressed of cleaved caspase-11. CONCLUSIONS The neurons of human and mouse brains express calpain-5, which is proteolyzed/autolyzed in the mitochondria in the early stage of I/R injury and upregulated in reactive astrocytes in the end-stage. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying I/R injury. Targeting the expression or activity of mitochondrial calpain-5 may suppress the inflammation during I/R injuries such as cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Chukai
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ginga Ito
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Eriko Sugano
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan.
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López-Doménech G, Kittler JT. Mitochondrial regulation of local supply of energy in neurons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102747. [PMID: 37392672 PMCID: PMC11139648 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Brain computation is metabolically expensive and requires the supply of significant amounts of energy. Mitochondria are highly specialized organelles whose main function is to generate cellular energy. Due to their complex morphologies, neurons are especially dependent on a set of tools necessary to regulate mitochondrial function locally in order to match energy provision with local demands. By regulating mitochondrial transport, neurons control the local availability of mitochondrial mass in response to changes in synaptic activity. Neurons also modulate mitochondrial dynamics locally to adjust metabolic efficiency with energetic demand. Additionally, neurons remove inefficient mitochondria through mitophagy. Neurons coordinate these processes through signalling pathways that couple energetic expenditure with energy availability. When these mechanisms fail, neurons can no longer support brain function giving rise to neuropathological states like metabolic syndromes or neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Doménech
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Novorolsky RJ, Kasheke GDS, Hakim A, Foldvari M, Dorighello GG, Sekler I, Vuligonda V, Sanders ME, Renden RB, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS. Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226630. [PMID: 37484823 PMCID: PMC10360135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glia, and neurons that form the basic component of the blood brain barrier. This intricate structure rapidly adjusts cerebral blood flow to match the metabolic needs of brain activity. However, the NVU is exquisitely sensitive to damage and displays limited repair after a stroke. To effectively treat stroke, it is therefore considered crucial to both protect and repair the NVU. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake supports NVU function by buffering Ca2+ and stimulating energy production. However, excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake causes toxic mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading that triggers numerous cell death pathways which destroy the NVU. Mitochondrial damage is one of the earliest pathological events in stroke. Drugs that preserve mitochondrial integrity and function should therefore confer profound NVU protection by blocking the initiation of numerous injury events. We have shown that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux in the brain are mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUcx) and sodium/Ca2+/lithium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Moreover, our recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation suppress ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal cell death by blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading. These findings suggest that combining MCUcx inhibition with NCLX activation should markedly protect the NVU. In terms of promoting NVU repair, nuclear hormone receptor activation is a promising approach. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists activate complementary transcriptional programs that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, suppress inflammation, and enhance the production of new vascular cells, glia, and neurons. RXR and TR agonism should thus further improve the clinical benefits of MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation by increasing NVU repair. However, drugs that either inhibit the MCUcx, or stimulate the NCLX, or activate the RXR or TR, suffer from adverse effects caused by undesired actions on healthy tissues. To overcome this problem, we describe the use of nanoparticle drug formulations that preferentially target metabolically compromised and damaged NVUs after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. These nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to improve clinical safety and efficacy by maximizing drug delivery to diseased NVUs and minimizing drug exposure in healthy brain and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gracious D. S. Kasheke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel G. Dorighello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert B. Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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9
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Duan W, Liu C, Zhou J, Yu Q, Duan Y, Zhang T, Li Y, Fu G, Sun Y, Tian J, Xia Z, Yang Y, Liu Y, Xu S. Upregulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter contributes to paraquat-induced neuropathology linked to Parkinson's disease via imbalanced OPA1 processing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131369. [PMID: 37086674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is the most widely used herbicide in agriculture worldwide and has been considered a high-risk environmental factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Chronic PQ exposure selectively induces dopaminergic neuron loss, the hallmark pathologic feature of PD, resulting in Parkinson-like movement disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that repetitive PQ exposure caused dopaminergic neuron loss, dopamine deficiency and motor deficits dose-dependently in mice. Accordingly, mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) was highly expressed in PQ-exposed mice and neuronal cells. Importantly, MCU knockout (KO) effectively rescued PQ-induced dopaminergic neuron loss and motor deficits in mice. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of MCU alleviated PQ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death in vitro. Mechanistically, PQ exposure triggered mitochondrial fragmentation via imbalance of the optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) processing manifested by cleavage of L-OPA1 to S-OPA1, which was reversed by inhibition of MCU. Notably, the upregulation of MCU was mediated by miR-129-1-3p posttranscriptionally, and overexpression of miR-129-1-3p could rebalance OPA1 processing and attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death induced by PQ exposure. Consequently, our work uncovers an essential role of MCU and a novel molecular mechanism, miR-MCU-OPA1, in PQ-induced pathogenesis of PD, providing a potential target and strategy for environmental neurotoxins-induced PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Duan
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Guanyan Fu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Yapei Sun
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiacheng Tian
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhiqin Xia
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yongseng Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China.
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10
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Jost P, Klein F, Brand B, Wahl V, Wyatt A, Yildiz D, Boehm U, Niemeyer BA, Vaeth M, Alansary D. Acute Downregulation but Not Genetic Ablation of Murine MCU Impairs Suppressive Capacity of Regulatory CD4 T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097772. [PMID: 37175478 PMCID: PMC10178810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
By virtue of mitochondrial control of energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondria play an essential role in modulating T cell function. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) is the pore-forming unit in the main protein complex mediating mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Recently, MCU has been shown to modulate Ca2+ signals at subcellular organellar interfaces, thus fine-tuning NFAT translocation and T cell activation. The mechanisms underlying this modulation and whether MCU has additional T cell subpopulation-specific effects remain elusive. However, mice with germline or tissue-specific ablation of Mcu did not show impaired T cell responses in vitro or in vivo, indicating that 'chronic' loss of MCU can be functionally compensated in lymphocytes. The current work aimed to specifically investigate whether and how MCU influences the suppressive potential of regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg). We show that, in contrast to genetic ablation, acute siRNA-mediated downregulation of Mcu in murine Tregs results in a significant reduction both in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and in the suppressive capacity of Tregs, while the ratios of Treg subpopulations and the expression of hallmark transcription factors were not affected. These findings suggest that permanent genetic inactivation of MCU may result in compensatory adaptive mechanisms, masking the effects on the suppressive capacity of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priska Jost
- Molecular Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Klein
- Molecular Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Brand
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Wahl
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Yildiz
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Vaeth
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dalia Alansary
- Molecular Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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11
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Qin J, Liu L, Liu L, Zhou Z, Zhou Y, Zhang K, Wang B, Lu H, Ran J, Ma T, Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu X. The effect of regulating MCU expression on experimental ischemic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 362:114329. [PMID: 36702427 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a critical channel for Ca2+ influx into mitochondria. The present study aimed to determine if MCU knockdown has beneficial effects on ischemic brain injury and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The present study demonstrated that MCU knockdown but not total knockout (KO) attenuated ischemia infarction volume and primary cortical neuronal cells' ischemic damage. MCU knockdown maintained mitochondrial ultrastructure, alleviated calcium overload, and reduced mitochondrial apoptosis. Moreover, MCU knockdown regulated the changes of MICU1 and MICU2 after cerebral infarction, while no changes were observed in other mitochondrial calcium handling proteins. Based on metabolomics, MCU knockdown reversed middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced up-regulated phosphoenolpyruvate and down-regulated GDP to protect energy metabolism after cerebral infarction. Furthermore, a total of 87 and 245 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by transcriptome sequencing among WT mice, MCU KO mice and MCU knockdown mice in the MCAO model, respectively. Then, NR4A1 was identified as one of the DEGs in different MCU expressions in vivo ischemia stroke model via transcriptomic screening and genetic validation. Furthermore, MCU knockdown downregulated the ischemia-induced upregulation of NR4A1 expression. Together, this is the further evidence that the MCU knockdown exerts a protective role after cerebral infarction by promoting calcium homeostasis, inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis and protecting energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yicong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Honglin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jina Ran
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Tianzhao Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yingzhen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Zhongzhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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12
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Jadiya P, Cohen HM, Kolmetzky DW, Kadam AA, Tomar D, Elrod JW. Neuronal loss of NCLX-dependent mitochondrial calcium efflux mediates age-associated cognitive decline. iScience 2023; 26:106296. [PMID: 36936788 PMCID: PMC10014305 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium overload contributes to neurodegenerative disease development and progression. We recently reported that loss of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX), the primary mechanism of mCa2+ efflux, promotes mCa2+ overload, metabolic derangement, redox stress, and cognitive decline in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether disrupted mCa2+ signaling contributes to neuronal pathology and cognitive decline independent of pre-existing amyloid or tau pathology remains unknown. Here, we generated mice with neuronal deletion of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX, Slc8b1 gene), and evaluated age-associated changes in cognitive function and neuropathology. Neuronal loss of NCLX resulted in an age-dependent decline in spatial and cued recall memory, moderate amyloid deposition, mild tau pathology, synaptic remodeling, and indications of cell death. These results demonstrate that loss of NCLX-dependent mCa2+ efflux alone is sufficient to induce an Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and highlights the promise of therapies targeting mCa2+ exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Henry M. Cohen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ashlesha A. Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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13
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del Arco A, González-Moreno L, Pérez-Liébana I, Juaristi I, González-Sánchez P, Contreras L, Pardo B, Satrústegui J. Regulation of neuronal energy metabolism by calcium: Role of MCU and Aralar/malate-aspartate shuttle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119468. [PMID: 36997074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is a major regulator of cellular metabolism. Calcium controls mitochondrial respiration, and calcium signaling is used to meet cellular energetic demands through energy production in the organelle. Although it has been widely assumed that Ca2+-actions require its uptake by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), alternative pathways modulated by cytosolic Ca2+ have been recently proposed. Recent findings have indicated a role for cytosolic Ca2+ signals acting on mitochondrial NADH shuttles in the control of cellular metabolism in neurons using glucose as fuel. It has been demonstrated that AGC1/Aralar, the component of the malate/aspartate shuttle (MAS) regulated by cytosolic Ca2+, participates in the maintenance of basal respiration exerted through Ca2+-fluxes between ER and mitochondria, whereas mitochondrial Ca2+-uptake by MCU does not contribute. Aralar/MAS pathway, activated by small cytosolic Ca2+ signals, provides in fact substrates, redox equivalents and pyruvate, fueling respiration. Upon activation and increases in workload, neurons upregulate OxPhos, cytosolic pyruvate production and glycolysis, together with glucose uptake, in a Ca2+-dependent way, and part of this upregulation is via Ca2+ signaling. Both MCU and Aralar/MAS contribute to OxPhos upregulation, Aralar/MAS playing a major role, especially at small and submaximal workloads. Ca2+ activation of Aralar/MAS, by increasing cytosolic NAD+/NADH provides Ca2+-dependent increases in glycolysis and cytosolic pyruvate production priming respiration as a feed-forward mechanism in response to workload. Thus, except for glucose uptake, these processes are dependent on Aralar/MAS, whereas MCU is the relevant target for Ca2+ signaling when MAS is bypassed, by using pyruvate or β-hydroxybutyrate as substrates.
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14
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Li S, Jin H, Duan J, Lu X, Qin Y, Song J, Li X, Jin X. Insights of Chinese herbal medicine for mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced cognitive impairment: Existed evidences and potential directions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138566. [PMID: 36843941 PMCID: PMC9950122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is one of the main pathophysiological markers of cognitive impairment in central nervous system diseases. Mitochondria are cores of energy generation and information process. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the key upstream factors of CCH induced neurovascular pathology. Increasing studies explored the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and self-repair for effective targets to improve CCH-related cognitive impairment. The clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of CCH induced cognitive impairment is definite. Existed evidences from pharmacological studies have further proved that, Chinese herbal medicine could improve mitochondrial dysfunction and neurovascular pathology after CCH by preventing calcium overload, reducing oxidative stress damage, enhancing antioxidant capacity, inhibiting mitochondria-related apoptosis pathway, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and preventing excessive activation of mitophagy. Besides, CCH mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the fundamental causes for neurodegeneration pathology aggravation. Chinese herbal medicine also has great potential therapeutic value in combating neurodegenerative diseases by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shixin Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Jin
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Duan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyue Lu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglin Qin
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiale Song
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xianglan Jin,
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15
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Walters GC, Usachev YM. Mitochondrial calcium cycling in neuronal function and neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1094356. [PMID: 36760367 PMCID: PMC9902777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1094356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for proper cellular function through their critical roles in ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, calcium (Ca2+) buffering, and apoptotic signaling. In neurons, Ca2+ buffering is particularly important as it helps to shape Ca2+ signals and to regulate numerous Ca2+-dependent functions including neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, gene expression, and neuronal toxicity. Over the past decade, identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and other molecular components of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport has provided insight into the roles that mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation plays in neuronal function in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the many roles of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms in normal neuronal function and highlight new insights into the Ca2+-dependent mechanisms that drive mitochondrial dysfunction in neurologic diseases including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also consider how targeting Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C. Walters
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yuriy M. Usachev
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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16
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Woods JJ, Novorolsky RJ, Bigham NP, Robertson GS, Wilson JJ. Dinuclear nitrido-bridged osmium complexes inhibit the mitochondrial calcium uniporter and protect cortical neurons against lethal oxygen-glucose deprivation. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:84-93. [PMID: 36685255 PMCID: PMC9811523 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00189f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium uptake mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is implicated in several pathophysiological conditions. Dinuclear ruthenium complexes are effective inhibitors of the MCU and have been leveraged as both tools to study mitochondrial calcium dynamics and potential therapeutic agents. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of Os245 ([Os2(μ-N)(NH3)8Cl2]3+) which is the osmium-containing analogue of our previously reported ruthenium-based inhibitor Ru265. This complex and its aqua-capped analogue Os245' ([Os2(μ-N)(NH3)8(OH2)2]5+) are both effective inhibitors of the MCU in permeabilized and intact cells. In comparison to the ruthenium-based inhibitor Ru265 (k obs = 4.92 × 10-3 s-1), the axial ligand exchange kinetics of Os245 are two orders of magnitude slower (k obs = 1.63 × 10-5 s-1) at 37 °C. The MCU-inhibitory properties of Os245 and Os245' are different (Os245 IC50 for MCU inhibition = 103 nM; Os245' IC50 for MCU inhibition = 2.3 nM), indicating that the axial ligands play an important role in their interactions with this channel. We further show that inhibition of the MCU by these complexes protects primary cortical neurons against lethal oxygen-glucose deprivation. When administered in vivo to mice (10 mg kg-1), Os245 and Os245' induce seizure-like behaviors in a manner similar to the ruthenium-based inhibitors. However, the onset of these seizures is delayed, a possible consequence of the slower ligand substitution kinetics for these osmium complexes. These findings support previous studies that demonstrate inhibition of the MCU is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, but also highlight the need for improved drug delivery strategies to mitigate the pro-convulsant effects of this class of complexes before they can be implemented as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, the slower ligand substitution kinetics of the osmium analogues may afford new strategies for the development and modification of this class of MCU inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA,Robert F. Smith School for Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research InstituteHalifaxNS B3H 0A8Canada,Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research InstituteHalifaxNS B3H 0A8Canada
| | - Nicholas P. Bigham
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research InstituteHalifaxNS B3H 0A8Canada,Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research InstituteHalifaxNS B3H 0A8Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research InstituteHalifaxNS B3H0A8Canada
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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17
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Pérez-Liébana I, Juaristi I, González-Sánchez P, González-Moreno L, Rial E, Podunavac M, Zakarian A, Molgó J, Vallejo-Illarramendi A, Mosqueira-Martín L, Lopez de Munain A, Pardo B, Satrústegui J, Del Arco A. A Ca 2+-Dependent Mechanism Boosting Glycolysis and OXPHOS by Activating Aralar-Malate-Aspartate Shuttle, upon Neuronal Stimulation. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3879-3895. [PMID: 35387872 PMCID: PMC9097769 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1463-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger regulating a bioenergetic response to the workloads triggered by neuronal activation. In embryonic mouse cortical neurons using glucose as only fuel, activation by NMDA elicits a strong workload (ATP demand)-dependent on Na+ and Ca2+ entry, and stimulates glucose uptake, glycolysis, pyruvate and lactate production, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in a Ca2+-dependent way. We find that Ca2+ upregulation of glycolysis, pyruvate levels, and respiration, but not glucose uptake, all depend on Aralar/AGC1/Slc25a12, the mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier, component of the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS). MAS activation increases glycolysis, pyruvate production, and respiration, a process inhibited in the presence of BAPTA-AM, suggesting that the Ca2+ binding motifs in Aralar may be involved in the activation. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) silencing had no effect, indicating that none of these processes required MCU-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. The neuronal respiratory response to carbachol was also dependent on Aralar, but not on MCU. We find that mouse cortical neurons are endowed with a constitutive ER-to-mitochondria Ca2+ flow maintaining basal cell bioenergetics in which ryanodine receptors, RyR2, rather than InsP3R, are responsible for Ca2+ release, and in which MCU does not participate. The results reveal that, in neurons using glucose, MCU does not participate in OXPHOS regulation under basal or stimulated conditions, while Aralar-MAS appears as the major Ca2+-dependent pathway tuning simultaneously glycolysis and OXPHOS to neuronal activation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal activation increases cell workload to restore ion gradients altered by activation. Ca2+ is involved in matching increased workload with ATP production, but the mechanisms are still unknown. We find that glycolysis, pyruvate production, and neuronal respiration are stimulated on neuronal activation in a Ca2+-dependent way, independently of effects of Ca2+ as workload inducer. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) does not play a relevant role in Ca2+ stimulated pyruvate production and oxygen consumption as both are unchanged in MCU silenced neurons. However, Ca2+ stimulation is blunt in the absence of Aralar, a Ca2+-binding mitochondrial carrier component of Malate-Aspartate Shuttle (MAS). The results suggest that Ca2+-regulated Aralar-MAS activation upregulates glycolysis and pyruvate production, which fuels mitochondrial respiration, through regulation of cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pérez-Liébana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular -IUBM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Inés Juaristi
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular -IUBM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Paloma González-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular -IUBM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Luis González-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular -IUBM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rial
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Maša Podunavac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Armen Zakarian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Jordi Molgó
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, ERL Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique no. 9004, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé, Gif sur Yvette, F-91191, France
| | - Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi
- IIS Biodonostia-University of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; CIBERNED (institute Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Laura Mosqueira-Martín
- IIS Biodonostia-University of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; CIBERNED (institute Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- IIS Biodonostia-University of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain; CIBERNED (institute Carlos III), Madrid, Spain; and Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pardo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular -IUBM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jorgina Satrústegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular -IUBM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Araceli Del Arco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular -IUBM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, 45071 Spain; and Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina, Toledo, 45071, Spain
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18
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Verma M, Lizama BN, Chu CT. Excitotoxicity, calcium and mitochondria: a triad in synaptic neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35078537 PMCID: PMC8788129 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most commonly engaged neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, acting to mediate excitatory neurotransmission. However, high levels of glutamatergic input elicit excitotoxicity, contributing to neuronal cell death following acute brain injuries such as stroke and trauma. While excitotoxic cell death has also been implicated in some neurodegenerative disease models, the role of acute apoptotic cell death remains controversial in the setting of chronic neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, it is clear that excitatory synaptic dysregulation contributes to neurodegeneration, as evidenced by protective effects of partial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Here, we review evidence for sublethal excitatory injuries in relation to neurodegeneration associated with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. In contrast to classic excitotoxicity, emerging evidence implicates dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium handling in excitatory post-synaptic neurodegeneration. We discuss mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial calcium uptake and release, the impact of LRRK2, PINK1, Parkin, beta-amyloid and glucocerebrosidase on mitochondrial calcium transporters, and the role of autophagic mitochondrial loss in axodendritic shrinkage. Finally, we discuss strategies for normalizing the flux of calcium into and out of the mitochondrial matrix, thereby preventing mitochondrial calcium toxicity and excitotoxic dendritic loss. While the mechanisms that underlie increased uptake or decreased release of mitochondrial calcium vary in different model systems, a common set of strategies to normalize mitochondrial calcium flux can prevent excitatory mitochondrial toxicity and may be neuroprotective in multiple disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Verma
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.423286.90000 0004 0507 1326Present Address: Astellas Pharma Inc., 9 Technology Drive, Westborough, MA 01581 USA
| | - Britney N. Lizama
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Charleen T. Chu
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
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19
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Disrupted expression of mitochondrial NCLX sensitizes neuroglial networks to excitotoxic stimuli and renders synaptic activity toxic. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101508. [PMID: 34942149 PMCID: PMC8808183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial sodium/calcium/lithium exchanger (NCLX) is an important mediator of calcium extrusion from mitochondria. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that physiological expression levels of NCLX are essential for maintaining neuronal resilience in the face of excitotoxic challenge. Using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated approach, we showed that reduced NCLX expression exacerbates neuronal mitochondrial calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) breakdown, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during excitotoxic stimulation of primary hippocampal cultures. Moreover, NCLX knockdown-which affected both neurons and glia-resulted not only in enhanced neurodegeneration following an excitotoxic insult, but also in neuronal and astrocytic cell death under basal conditions. Our data also revealed that synaptic activity, which promotes neuroprotective signaling, can become lethal upon NCLX depletion; expression of NCLX-targeted shRNA impaired the clearance of mitochondrial calcium following action potential bursts and was associated both with ΔΨmbreakdown and substantial neurodegeneration in hippocampal cultures undergoing synaptic activity. Finally, we showed that NCLX knockdown within the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region in vivo causes substantial neuro- and astrodegeneration. In summary, we demonstrated that dysregulated NCLX expression not only sensitizes neuroglial networks to excitotoxic stimuli but notably also renders otherwise neuroprotective synaptic activity toxic. These findings may explain the emergence of neuro- and astrodegeneration in patients with disorders characterized by disrupted NCLX expression or function, and suggest that treatments aimed at enhancing or restoring NCLX function may prevent central nervous system damage in these disease states.
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20
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Ma W, Li CY, Zhang SJ, Zang CH, Yang JW, Wu Z, Wang GD, Liu J, Liu W, Liu KP, Liang Y, Zhang XK, Li JJ, Guo JH, Li LY. Neuroprotective effects of long noncoding RNAs involved in ischemic postconditioning after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1299-1309. [PMID: 34782575 PMCID: PMC8643058 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute reperfusion, the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs in adult rats with focal cerebral ischemia undergo broad changes. However, whether long noncoding RNAs are involved in neuroprotective effects following focal ischemic stroke in rats remains unclear. In this study, RNA isolation and library preparation was performed for long noncoding RNA sequencing, followed by determining the coding potential of identified long noncoding RNAs and target gene prediction. Differential expression analysis, long noncoding RNA functional enrichment analysis, and co-expression network analysis were performed comparing ischemic rats with and without ischemic postconditioning rats. Rats were subjected to ischemic postconditioning via the brief and repeated occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or femoral artery. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs after ischemic postconditioning in a rat model of ischemic stroke. The results showed that ischemic postconditioning greatly affected the expression profile of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in the brains of rats that underwent ischemic stroke. The predicted target genes of some of the identified long noncoding RNAs (cis targets) were related to the cellular response to ischemia and stress, cytokine signal transduction, inflammation, and apoptosis signal transduction pathways. In addition, 15 significantly differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs were identified in the brains of rats subjected to ischemic postconditioning. Nine candidate long noncoding RNAs that may be related to ischemic postconditioning were identified by a long noncoding RNA expression profile and long noncoding RNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis. Expression levels were verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. These results suggested that the identified long noncoding RNAs may be involved in the neuroprotective effects associated with ischemic postconditioning following ischemic stroke. The experimental animal procedures were approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Kunming Medical University (approval No. KMMU2018018) in January 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Zang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jin-Wei Yang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Kuang-Pin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xing-Kui Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jun-Jun Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian-Hui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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21
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Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer, and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport, and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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Wang Y, Li X, Zhao F. MCU-Dependent mROS Generation Regulates Cell Metabolism and Cell Death Modulated by the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:674986. [PMID: 34307407 PMCID: PMC8299052 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.674986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is an intensively investigated calcium channel, and its molecular components, structural features, and encoded genes have long been explored. Further studies have shown that the mitochondrial calcium unidirectional transporter (MCU) is a macromolecular complex related to intracellular and extracellular calcium regulation. Based on the current understanding, the MCU is crucial for maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) homeostasis by modulating mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake. The elevation of MCU-induced calcium levels is confirmed to be the main cause of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) generation, which leads to disordered cellular metabolic patterns and cell death. In particular, in an I/R injury model, cancer cells, and adipocytes, MCU expression is maintained at high levels. As is well accepted, the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway is believed to have an affinity for mROS formation and energy consumption. Therefore, we identified a link between MCU-related mROS formation and the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling pathway in controlling cell metabolism and cell death, which may provide a new possibility of targeting the MCU to reverse relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengchao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Gherardi G, De Mario A, Mammucari C. The mitochondrial calcium homeostasis orchestra plays its symphony: Skeletal muscle is the guest of honor. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 362:209-259. [PMID: 34253296 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondria are placed in close proximity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the main intracellular Ca2+ store. During muscle activity, excitation of sarcolemma and of T-tubule triggers the release of Ca2+ from the SR initiating myofiber contraction. The rise in cytosolic Ca2+ determines the opening of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), the highly selective channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), causing a robust increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. The Ca2+-dependent activation of TCA cycle enzymes increases the synthesis of ATP required for SERCA activity. Thus, Ca2+ is transported back into the SR and cytosolic [Ca2+] returns to resting levels eventually leading to muscle relaxation. In recent years, thanks to the molecular identification of MCU complex components, the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle has been uncovered. In this chapter, we will introduce the reader to a general overview of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. We will tackle the key molecular players and the cellular and pathophysiological consequences of mitochondrial Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. In the second part of the chapter, we will discuss novel findings on the physiological role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in skeletal muscle. Finally, we will examine the involvement of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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24
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Datta S, Jaiswal M. Mitochondrial calcium at the synapse. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:135-153. [PMID: 33895346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, which serve various purposes, including but not limited to the production of ATP and various metabolites, buffering ions, acting as a signaling hub, etc. In recent years, mitochondria are being seen as the central regulators of cellular growth, development, and death. Since neurons are highly specialized cells with a heavy metabolic demand, it is not surprising that neurons are one of the most mitochondria-rich cells in an animal. At synapses, mitochondrial function and dynamics is tightly regulated by synaptic calcium. Calcium influx during synaptic activity causes increased mitochondrial calcium influx leading to an increased ATP production as well as buffering of synaptic calcium. While increased ATP production is required during synaptic transmission, calcium buffering by mitochondria is crucial to prevent faulty neurotransmission and excitotoxicity. Interestingly, mitochondrial calcium also regulates the mobility of mitochondria within synapses causing mitochondria to halt at the synapse during synaptic transmission. In this review, we summarize the various roles of mitochondrial calcium at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Datta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manish Jaiswal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India.
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25
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Misrani A, Tabassum S, Yang L. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:617588. [PMID: 33679375 PMCID: PMC7930231 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.617588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in bioenergetics and respiratory functions, which are essential for the numerous biochemical processes underpinning cell viability. Mitochondrial morphology changes rapidly in response to external insults and changes in metabolic status via fission and fusion processes (so-called mitochondrial dynamics) that maintain mitochondrial quality and homeostasis. Damaged mitochondria are removed by a process known as mitophagy, which involves their degradation by a specific autophagosomal pathway. Over the last few years, remarkable efforts have been made to investigate the impact on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) of various forms of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, loss of ATP, and defects in mitochondrial dynamics and transport, and mitophagy. Recent research suggests that restoration of mitochondrial function by physical exercise, an antioxidant diet, or therapeutic approaches can delay the onset and slow the progression of AD. In this review, we focus on recent progress that highlights the crucial role of alterations in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD, emphasizing a framework of existing and potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Misrani
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sidra Tabassum
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Plotegher N, Filadi R, Pizzo P, Duchen MR. Excitotoxicity Revisited: Mitochondria on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:342-351. [PMID: 33608137 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is likely to occur in pathological scenarios in which mitochondrial function is already compromised, shaping neuronal responses to glutamate. In fact, mitochondria sustain cell bioenergetics, tune intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, and regulate glutamate availability by using it as metabolic substrate. Here, we suggest the need to explore glutamate toxicity in the context of specific disease models in which it may occur, re-evaluating the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on glutamate excitotoxicity. Our aim is to signpost new approaches, perhaps combining glutamate and pathways to rescue mitochondrial function, as therapeutic targets in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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27
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The effect of DS16570511, a new inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uniporter, on calcium homeostasis, metabolism, and functional state of cultured cortical neurons and isolated brain mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129847. [PMID: 33453305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis play a key role in the glutamate excitotoxicity of brain neurons. DS16570511 (DS) is a new penetrating inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC). The paper examines the effects of DS on the cultivated cortical neurons and isolated mitochondria of the rat brain. METHODS The functions of neurons and mitochondria were examined using fluorescence microscopy, XF24 microplate-based сell respirometry, ion-selective microelectrodes, spectrophotometry, and polarographic technique. RESULTS At the doses of 30 and 45 μM, DS reliably slowed down the onset of glutamate-induced delayed calcium deregulation of neurons and suppressed their death. 30 μM DS caused hyperpolarization of mitochondria of resting neurons, and 45 μM DS temporarily depolarized neuronal mitochondria. It was also demonstrated that 30-60 μM DS stimulated cellular respiration. DS was shown to suppress Ca2+ uptake by isolated brain mitochondria. In addition, DS inhibited ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration and ADP-induced decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. It was found that DS inhibited the activity of complex II of the respiratory chain. In the presence of Ca2+, high DS concentrations caused a collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained indicate that, in addition to the inhibition of MCUC, DS affects the main energy-transducing functions of mitochondria. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The using DS as a tool for studying MCUC and its functional role in neuronal cells should be done with care, bearing in mind multiple effects of DS, a proper evaluation of which would require multivariate analysis.
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28
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Faizan MI, Ahmad T. Altered mitochondrial calcium handling and cell death by necroptosis: An emerging paradigm. Mitochondrion 2020; 57:47-62. [PMID: 33340710 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The classical necroptosis signaling is mediated by death receptors (DRs) that work in synergy with traditional caspase inhibitory signals. Currently, potential therapeutic molecules are in various phases of clinical trials for a spectrum of pathological conditions associated with necroptosis. However, a non-classical model of necroptosis has also emerged over the last decade with a relatively unexplored molecular mechanism. Although in vitro studies and preclinical models have shown its close association with mitochondrial dysfunction (mito-dysfunction), contradictory reports have emerged which complicate its definitiveness. Though impaired mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) handling is established in necrotic cell death, how this interplay regulates necroptosis is yet to be elucidated. Taking these questions into consideration, we have discussed various molecular aspects of necroptosis with the emerging role of mito-dysfunction. Based on the central role of altered [Ca2+]m handling in mito-dysfunction mediated necroptosis, we have provided a comprehensive molecular insight into this emerging paradigm. Potential reasons for the contradictory findings regarding the role of mito-dysfunction in necroptosis in general and mitochondrial-dependent necroptosis in specific are discussed. We also provide insights into the current understanding of how [Ca2+]m can be a critical determinant in deciding the cell fate under certain pathological conditions, while under others it may be dispensable. Lastly, we have highlighted the key molecular targets which have a direct implication for therapeutic intervention in conditions that are associated with impaired [Ca2+]m handling and cell death by necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imam Faizan
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025 India.
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29
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Zhang W, Wen J, Jiang Y, Hu Q, Wang J, Wei S, Li H, Ma X. l-Borneol ameliorates cerebral ischaemia by downregulating the mitochondrial calcium uniporter-induced apoptosis cascade in pMCAO rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 73:272-280. [PMID: 33793797 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide, and ischaemic stroke is the most common subtype. Moreover, we found that L-borneol has an obvious therapeutic effect on cerebral ischaemia. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of L-borneol in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) rats via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU)-related apoptosis cascade. METHODS A pMCAO model was used to simulate cerebral ischaemia, and neurological function was evaluated. Cerebral infarction was observed by TTC staining. HE staining was also used to reflect the pathophysiological changes in the rat hippocampus and cortex. Furthermore, MCU-related signals and apoptosis signalling pathways were detected at both the gene and protein levels. RESULTS The neurological function scores of the high-dose L-borneol (H-B) group, medium-dose L-borneol (M-B) group and low-dose L-borneol (L-B) group were significantly lower than that of the model group at 24 h (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). High and medium doses of L-borneol could reverse the cerebral infarction area, similar to Nimotop. After HE staining, the cells in the H-B group and M-B group were neatly and densely arranged, with largely normal morphological structures. High-dose L-borneol could significantly reduce the gene and protein levels of Apaf-1, Bad and Caspase-3 and increase the expression of Bcl-2 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In addition, the MCU expression of the H-B group was significantly decreased compared with that of the model group at both the gene and protein levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The expression of IDH2 was similar to that of MCU but not MEP (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION L-borneol can achieve brain protection by downregulating the excessive expression of MCU-related signalling pathway and further inhibiting the apoptosis of neurons during pMCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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30
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Yue W, Cunlin G, Lu H, Yuanqing Z, Yanjun T, Qiong W. Neuroprotective effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:2860-2869. [PMID: 33284899 PMCID: PMC7716138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic tolerance is an endogenous protective mechanism in organs or tissues undergoing one or more short-term sublethal ischemias. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning (IHHP) can induce tolerance and thus protect brain tissues from cerebral ischemic injury (CIR). The current study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of IHHP. METHODS The established xenograft model was divided into the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), IHHP, IHHP+I/R, and sham groups. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe alterations in neuron ultrastructure. Neuron damage was detected using Nissl staining. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the relative expression of genes and proteins related to apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of proteins involved in the processes of neuroprotection and repair. RESULTS Our results indicated that the damage to the neurons, organelles, and axons was significantly less following ischemia/reperfusion and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia reconditioning treatment than that in the ischemia/reperfusion group. Compared to the ischemia/reperfusion group, significant downregulation of pro-apoptotic gene/protein expressions along with upregulation of anti-apoptotic and nerve regeneration gene/protein expressions in the IHHP+I/R group were observed. CONCLUSION IHHP can significantly reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat brain nerves and promote nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yue
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Qinghai UniversityXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Gu Cunlin
- Department of Biochemistry, Qinghai UniversityXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Huang Lu
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai Provincial People’s HospitalXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yuanqing
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Huzhu CountyXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Tang Yanjun
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai UniversityXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Wu Qiong
- Department of Function Laboratory, Medical College of Qinghai UniversityXining 810000, Qinghai, P. R. China
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31
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Zhang B, Jia K, Tian J, Du H. Cyclophilin D counterbalances mitochondrial calcium uniporter-mediated brain mitochondrial calcium uptake. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:314-320. [PMID: 32703429 PMCID: PMC7481651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in maintaining intraneuronal calcium homeostasis. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a determined major brain mitochondrial calcium entry pathway. Activated MCU-mediated mitochondrial calcium overloading has been linked with brain mitochondrial pathology in disease conditions. Cyclophilin D (CypD)-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) favors mitochondrial calcium efflux. The physiological function of CypD-mediated mPT has received increasing recognition. However, the regulatory role of CypD-mediated mPT in brain mitochondrial calcium dynamics in response to mitochondrial calcium accumulation via MCU has not been comprehensively studied. Here, by adopting purified brain mitochondria, we have determined an effect of CypD and CypD-mediated mPT against mitochondrial calcium overloading. In addition, blockade of CypD pharmaceutically or genetically blunts brain mitochondrial MCU's sensitivity to its inhibitor. Therefore, our findings suggest that CypD-mediated mPT is a mitochondrial compensatory response to MCU-mediated excess mitochondrial calcium accumulation. Moreover, CypD may potentially modulate MCU function in calcium-stressed mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Kun Jia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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Holman SP, Lobo AS, Novorolsky RJ, Nichols M, Fiander MDJ, Konda P, Kennedy BE, Gujar S, Robertson GS. Neuronal mitochondrial calcium uniporter deficiency exacerbates axonal injury and suppresses remyelination in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp Neurol 2020; 333:113430. [PMID: 32745471 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-capacity mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) is strategically positioned to support the survival and remyelination of axons in multiple sclerosis (MS) by undocking mitochondria, buffering Ca2+ and elevating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis at metabolically stressed sites. Respiratory chain deficits in MS are proposed to metabolically compromise axon survival and remyelination by suppressing MCU activity. In support of this hypothesis, clinical scores, mitochondrial dysfunction, myelin loss, axon damage and inflammation were elevated while remyelination was blocked in neuronal MCU deficient (Thy1-MCU Def) mice relative to Thy1 controls subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). At the first sign of walking deficits, mitochondria in EAE/Thy1 axons showed signs of activation. By contrast, cytoskeletal damage, fragmented mitochondria and large autophagosomes were seen in EAE/Thy1-MCU Def axons. As EAE severity increased, EAE/Thy1 axons were filled with massively swollen mitochondria with damaged cristae while EAE/Thy1-MCU Def axons were riddled with late autophagosomes. ATP concentrations and mitochondrial gene expression were suppressed while calpain activity, autophagy-related gene mRNA levels and autophagosome marker (LC3) co-localization in Thy1-expressing neurons were elevated in the spinal cords of EAE/Thy1-MCU Def compared to EAE/Thy1 mice. These findings suggest that MCU inhibition contributes to axonal damage that drives MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Holman
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aurelio S Lobo
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Robyn J Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Matthew Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Maximillian D J Fiander
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Barry E Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, 8th Floor, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax B3H 2E2, Canada.
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A Review of Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Ischemic Stroke: Pathology and Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4218-4231. [PMID: 32691303 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After ischemic stroke, survivors experience motor dysfunction and deterioration of memory and cognition. These symptoms are associated with the disruption of normal neuronal function, i.e., the secretion of neurotrophic factors, interhemispheric connections, and synaptic activity, and hence the disruption of the normal neural circuit. Exercise is considered an effective and feasible rehabilitation strategy for improving cognitive and motor recovery following ischemic stroke through the facilitation of neuroplasticity. In this review, our aim was to discuss the mechanisms by which exercise-induced neuroplasticity improves motor function and cognitive ability after ischemic stroke. The associated mechanisms include increases in neurotrophins, improvements in synaptic structure and function, the enhancement of interhemispheric connections, the promotion of neural regeneration, the acceleration of neural function reorganization, and the facilitation of compensation beyond the infarcted tissue. We also discuss some common exercise strategies and a novel exercise therapy, robot-assisted movement, which might be widely applied in the clinic to help stroke patients in the future.
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Chvanov M, Voronina S, Zhang X, Telnova S, Chard R, Ouyang Y, Armstrong J, Tanton H, Awais M, Latawiec D, Sutton R, Criddle DN, Tepikin AV. Knockout of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Strongly Suppresses Stimulus-Metabolism Coupling in Pancreatic Acinar Cells but Does Not Reduce Severity of Experimental Acute Pancreatitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061407. [PMID: 32516955 PMCID: PMC7349284 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a frequent disease that lacks specific drug treatment. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of acute pancreatitis is essential for the development of new therapeutics. Several inducers of acute pancreatitis trigger sustained Ca2+ increases in the cytosol and mitochondria of pancreatic acinar cells. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake that regulates bioenergetics and plays an important role in cell survival, damage and death. Aberrant Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial damage in pancreatic acinar cells have been implicated in the initiation of acute pancreatitis. The primary aim of this study was to assess the involvement of the MCU in experimental acute pancreatitis. We found that pancreatic acinar cells from MCU-/- mice display dramatically reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. This is consistent with the drastic changes of stimulus-metabolism coupling, manifested by the reduction of mitochondrial NADH/FAD+ responses to cholecystokinin and in the decrease of cholecystokinin-stimulated oxygen consumption. However, in three experimental models of acute pancreatitis (induced by caerulein, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate or palmitoleic acid plus ethanol), MCU knockout failed to reduce the biochemical and histological changes characterizing the severity of local and systemic damage. A possible explanation of this surprising finding is the redundancy of damaging mechanisms activated by the inducers of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.V.T.); Tel.: +44-(0)15-1794-5357 (M.C.); +44-(0)15-1794-5351 (A.V.T.)
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (X.Z.); (J.A.); (M.A.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Svetlana Telnova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Robert Chard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Yulin Ouyang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Jane Armstrong
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (X.Z.); (J.A.); (M.A.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Helen Tanton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (X.Z.); (J.A.); (M.A.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (X.Z.); (J.A.); (M.A.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (X.Z.); (J.A.); (M.A.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.V.T.); Tel.: +44-(0)15-1794-5357 (M.C.); +44-(0)15-1794-5351 (A.V.T.)
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Novorolsky RJ, Nichols M, Kim JS, Pavlov EV, J Woods J, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS. The cell-permeable mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor Ru265 preserves cortical neuron respiration after lethal oxygen glucose deprivation and reduces hypoxic/ischemic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1172-1181. [PMID: 32126877 PMCID: PMC7238378 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20908523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uniporter (MCU) mediates high-capacity mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake implicated in ischemic/reperfusion cell death. We have recently shown that inducible MCU ablation in Thy1-expressing neurons renders mice resistant to sensorimotor deficits and forebrain neuron loss in a model of hypoxic/ischemic (HI) brain injury. These findings encouraged us to compare the neuroprotective effects of Ru360 and the recently identified cell permeable MCU inhibitor Ru265. Unlike Ru360, Ru265 (2-10 µM) reached intracellular concentrations in cultured cortical neurons that preserved cell viability, blocked the protease activity of Ca2+-dependent calpains and maintained mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis after a lethal period of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of adult male C57Bl/6 mice with Ru265 (3 mg/kg) also suppressed HI-induced sensorimotor deficits and brain injury. However, higher doses of Ru265 (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) produced dose-dependent increases in the frequency and duration of seizure-like behaviours. Ru265 is proposed to promote convulsions by reducing Ca2+ buffering and energy production in highly energetic interneurons that suppress brain seizure activity. These findings support the therapeutic potential of MCU inhibition in the treatment of ischemic stroke but also indicate that such clinical translation will require drug delivery strategies which mitigate the pro-convulsant effects of Ru265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine,
Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research Institute, Halifax,
Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie
University, Life Sciences Research Institute, Halifax, Canada
| | - Matthew Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine,
Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research Institute, Halifax,
Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie
University, Life Sciences Research Institute, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jong S Kim
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Research, Dalhousie
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Centre for Clinical Research, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia,
Canada
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry,
New York University, NY, USA
| | - Joshua J Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine,
Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research Institute, Halifax,
Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie
University, Life Sciences Research Institute, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,
Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research Institute, Halifax,
Canada
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Xu X, Chen C, Lu WJ, Su YL, Shi JY, Liu YC, Wang L, Xiao CX, Wu X, Lu Q. Pyrroloquinoline quinone can prevent chronic heart failure by regulating mitochondrial function. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:453-469. [PMID: 32695625 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction is the leading cause of chronic heart failure (CHF). Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial Ca2+([Ca2+]m) homeostasis and reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) cause myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, treating CHF by targeting mitochondrial function is a focus of current research. For the first time, this study investigated the effects of the strong antioxidant pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on mitochondrial function in a cardiac pressure overload model, and the mechanism by which PQQ regulates [Ca2+]m homeostasis was explored in depth. Methods After transaortic constriction (TAC), normal saline and PQQ (0.4, 2 and 10 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for 12 weeks. In vitro, neonatal rat left ventricle myocytes (NRVMs) were pretreated with 200 nm angiotensin II (Ang II) with or without PQQ (1, 10 and 100 μM). Rat heart remodelling was verified by assessment of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels (qRT-PCR), cell surface area (wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining in vivo and α-actin in vitro) and echocardiography. Myocardial mitochondrial morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to assess mitochondrial biogenesis [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM)]. The ΔΨm was determined by tetraethyl benzimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining and flow cytometry, and ROS levels were measured by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and MitoSOX Red staining. [Ca2+]m was measured by isolating rat mitochondria, and mitochondrial Ca2+ channel proteins [the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX) and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU)] were detected by Western blot. Results In vivo and in vitro, PQQ pretreatment improved pressure overload-induced cardiac remodelling and cell hypertrophy, thus preventing the occurrence of CHF. PQQ also prevented mitochondrial morphology damage and reduced the PGC-1α and TFAM downregulation caused by TAC or Ang II. In addition, in NRVMs treated with Ang II + PQQ, PQQ regulated ROS levels and increased the ΔΨm. PQQ also regulated [Ca2+]m homeostasis and prohibited [Ca2+]m overloading by increasing NCLX expression. Conclusions These results show that PQQ can prevent [Ca2+]m overload by increasing NCLX expression and thereby reducing ROS production and protecting the ΔΨm. At the same time, PQQ can increase PGC-1α and TFAM expression to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis. These factors can prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby reducing cardiac damage caused by pressure overload and preventing the occurrence of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wen-Jiang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi-Ling Su
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jia-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen-Xi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Yamakawa M, Santosa SM, Chawla N, Ivakhnitskaia E, Del Pino M, Giakas S, Nadel A, Bontu S, Tambe A, Guo K, Han KY, Cortina MS, Yu C, Rosenblatt MI, Chang JH, Azar DT. Transgenic models for investigating the nervous system: Currently available neurofluorescent reporters and potential neuronal markers. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129595. [PMID: 32173376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant DNA technologies have enabled the development of transgenic animal models for use in studying a myriad of diseases and biological states. By placing fluorescent reporters under the direct regulation of the promoter region of specific marker proteins, these models can localize and characterize very specific cell types. One important application of transgenic species is the study of the cytoarchitecture of the nervous system. Neurofluorescent reporters can be used to study the structural patterns of nerves in the central or peripheral nervous system in vivo, as well as phenomena involving embryologic or adult neurogenesis, injury, degeneration, and recovery. Furthermore, crucial molecular factors can also be screened via the transgenic approach, which may eventually play a major role in the development of therapeutic strategies against diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. This review describes currently available reporters and their uses in the literature as well as potential neural markers that can be leveraged to create additional, robust transgenic models for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yamakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Samuel M Santosa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Neeraj Chawla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Evguenia Ivakhnitskaia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Matthew Del Pino
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Giakas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Arnold Nadel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sneha Bontu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Arjun Tambe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kyu-Yeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maria Soledad Cortina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Charles Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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Woods JJ, Wilson JJ. Inhibitors of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter for the treatment of disease. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 55:9-18. [PMID: 31869674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a protein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Under certain pathological conditions, dysregulation of Ca2+ uptake through the MCU results in cellular dysfunction and apoptotic cell death. Given the role of the MCU in human disease, researchers have developed compounds capable of inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uptake as tools for understanding the role of this protein in cell death. In this article, we describe recent findings on the role of the MCU in mediating pathological conditions and the search for small-molecule inhibitors of this protein for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Woods
- Robert F. Smith School for Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14583, USA
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14583, USA.
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Overexpression of Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Causes Neuronal Death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1681254. [PMID: 31737163 PMCID: PMC6816006 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1681254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a large and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by selective and progressive death of specific neuronal subtypes. In most of the cases, the pathophysiology is still poorly understood, although a number of hypotheses have been proposed. Among these, dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction represent two broadly recognized early events associated with neurodegeneration. However, a direct link between these two hypotheses can be drawn. Mitochondria actively participate to global Ca2+ signaling, and increases of [Ca2+] inside organelle matrix are known to sustain energy production to modulate apoptosis and remodel cytosolic Ca2+ waves. Most importantly, while mitochondrial Ca2+ overload has been proposed as the no-return signal, triggering apoptotic or necrotic neuronal death, until now direct evidences supporting this hypothesis, especially in vivo, are limited. Here, we took advantage of the identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and tested whether mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling controls neuronal cell fate. We overexpressed MCU both in vitro, in mouse primary cortical neurons, and in vivo, through stereotaxic injection of MCU-coding adenoviral particles in the brain cortex. We first measured mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake using quantitative genetically encoded Ca2+ probes, and we observed that the overexpression of MCU causes a dramatic increase of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake both at resting and after membrane depolarization. MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ overload causes alteration of organelle morphology and dysregulation of global Ca2+ homeostasis. Most importantly, MCU overexpression in vivo is sufficient to trigger gliosis and neuronal loss. Overall, we demonstrated that mitochondrial Ca2+ overload is per se sufficient to cause neuronal cell death both in vitro and in vivo, thus highlighting a potential key step in neurodegeneration.
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Soman SK, Bazała M, Keatinge M, Bandmann O, Kuznicki J. Restriction of mitochondrial calcium overload by mcu inactivation renders a neuroprotective effect in zebrafish models of Parkinson's disease. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio044347. [PMID: 31548178 PMCID: PMC6826286 DOI: 10.1242/bio.044347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons (DA) is a pathological hallmark of sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). We have previously shown that inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mcu) using morpholinos can rescue DA neurons in the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (pink1)-/- zebrafish model of PD. In this article, we show results from our studies in mcu knockout zebrafish, which was generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Functional assays confirmed impaired mitochondrial calcium influx in mcu -/- zebrafish. We also used in vivo calcium imaging and fluorescent assays in purified mitochondria to investigate mitochondrial calcium dynamics in a pink1 -/- zebrafish model of PD. Mitochondrial morphology was evaluated in DA neurons and muscle fibers using immunolabeling and transgenic lines, respectively. We observed diminished mitochondrial area in DA neurons of pink1 -/- zebrafish, while deletion of mcu restored mitochondrial area. In contrast, the mitochondrial volume in muscle fibers was not restored after inactivation of mcu in pink1 -/- zebrafish. Mitochondrial calcium overload coupled with depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in the pink1 -/- zebrafish model of PD. We used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical labeling of DA neurons to evaluate the effect of mcu deletion on DA neuronal clusters in the ventral telencephalon of zebrafish brain. We show that DA neurons are rescued after deletion of mcu in pink1 -/- and the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) zebrafish model of PD. Thus, inactivation of mcu is protective in both genetic and chemical models of PD. Our data reveal that regulating mcu function could be an effective therapeutic target in PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smijin K Soman
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Księcia Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Bazała
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Księcia Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcus Keatinge
- Medical Research Council Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- Medical Research Council Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Jacek Kuznicki
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Księcia Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
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Wen J, Zhang L, Liu H, Wang J, Li J, Yang Y, Wang Y, Cai H, Li R, Zhao Y. Salsolinol Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Chronic Heart Failure in Rats and Improves Mitochondrial Function in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1135. [PMID: 31680945 PMCID: PMC6797600 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Salsolinol (SAL), a plant-based isoquinoline alkaloid, was initially isolated from Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) and identified as the active cardiotonic component of ALRP. This study was aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism by which SAL attenuates doxorubicin (DOX)-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) in rats and improves mitochondrial function in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Methods: Rats were intraperitoneally injected with DOX to establish CHF model. Therapeutic effects of SAL on hemodynamic parameters, serum indices, and the histopathology of the heart were analyzed in vivo. Moreover, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were pretreated with SAL for 2 h before DOX treatment in all procedures in vitro. Cell viability, cardiomyocyte morphology, proliferation, and mitochondrial function were detected by a high-content screening (HCS) assay. In addition, a Seahorse Extracellular Flux (XFp) analyzer was used to evaluate the cell energy respiratory and energy metabolism function. To further investigate the potential mechanism of SAL, relative mRNA and protein expression of key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle in vivo and mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) signaling pathway-related molecules in vitro were detected. Results: The present data demonstrated the pharmacological effect of SAL on DOX-induced CHF, which was through ameliorating heart function, downregulating serum levels of myocardial injury markers, alleviating histological injury to the heart, increasing the relative mRNA expression levels of key enzymes downstream of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in vivo, and thus enhancing myocardial energy metabolism. In addition, SAL had effects on increasing cell viability, ameliorating DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in H9c2 cardiomyocyte. Moreover, we found that SAL might have an effect on improving mitochondrial respiratory function and energy metabolism via inhibiting excessive activation of MCU pathway in H9c2 cells. However, the protective effect could be ameliorated by ruthenium red (an MCU inhibitor) and abrogated by spermine (an MCU activator) in vitro. Conclusion: The therapeutic effects of SAL on CHF are possibly related to ameliorating cardiomyocyte function resulting in promotion of mitochondrial respiratory and energy metabolism. Furthermore, the potential mechanism might be related to downregulating MCU pathway. These findings may provide a potential therapy for CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Integrative Medical Center, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Integrative Medical Center, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxue Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Huadan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Abstract
In the last few decades, a large body of experimental evidence has highlighted the complex role for mitochondria in eukaryotic cells: they are not only the site of aerobic metabolism (thus providing most of the ATP supply for endergonic processes) but also a crucial checkpoint of cell death processes (both necrosis and apoptosis) and autophagy. For this purpose, mitochondria must receive and decode the wide variety of physiological and pathological stimuli impacting on the cell. The “old” notion that mitochondria possess a sophisticated machinery for accumulating and releasing Ca
2+, the most common and versatile second messenger of eukaryotic cells, is thus no surprise. What may be surprising is that the identification of the molecules involved in mitochondrial Ca
2+ transport occurred only in the last decade for both the influx (the mitochondrial Ca
2+ uniporter, MCU) and the efflux (the sodium calcium exchanger, NCX) pathways. In this review, we will focus on the description of the amazing molecular complexity of the MCU complex, highlighting the numerous functional implications of the tissue-specific expression of the variants of the channel pore components (MCU/MCUb) and of the associated proteins (MICU 1, 2, and 3, EMRE, and MCUR1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pallafacchina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35131, Italy.,Italian National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Padua, 35131, Italy
| | - Sofia Zanin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35131, Italy
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