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Chen Y, Liang CL, Liu H, Chen H, He Y, Lin J, He Z, Qiu F, Yang B, Lu C, Dai Z. Percutaneous Delivery of Hederacoside C-Loaded Nanoliposome Gel Alleviates Psoriasiform Skin Inflammation through the CCL17/Treg Axis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48969-48981. [PMID: 39233638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, and inflammatory skin disease. Topical agents, which can avoid the adverse effects of systemic treatment, are the first-choice therapy for patients with mild-to-moderate psoriasis. Hederacoside C (HSC) with anti-inflammatory properties has been used to treat some inflammatory diseases. We speculated that HSC might also be effective for psoriasis treatment. However, topical application of HSC for psoriasis treatment is challenging because of its low water solubility and poor skin permeability. Therefore, it is important to effectively deliver HSC percutaneously using certain biomaterials. Here we constructed a hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-coated liposome gel formulation for the loading and percutaneously delivering of HSC, referred to as HSC-Lipo@gel. The characterization, stability, release properties, and mechanical or transdermal features of the HSC-Lipo@gel were evaluated. Its therapeutic potential was also demonstrated using mouse models of IMQ-induced psoriasis. We found that HSC-Lipo@gel effectively improved the skin permeability of HSC with the property of good stability and sustained release. Importantly, HSC-Lipo@gel showed higher efficacy than HSC@gel without liposomes in alleviating psoriatic skin lesions. It attenuated epidermal hyperplasia and suppressed expression of IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23 in lesional skin. Interestingly, HSC-Lipo@gel reduced the expression of CC chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17), but not CCL22, in the skin. Especially, HSC-Lipo@gel inhibited CCL17 expression by skin dendritic cells while increasing regulatory T cells (Tregs) in both skin and draining lymph nodes of psoriatic mice. Administration of CCL17 resulted in severe skin lesions and reduced CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs in psoriatic mice previously treated with HSC-Lipo@gel. Finally, HSC or HSC-Lipo also suppressed the CCL17 production by dendritic cells in vitro. Therefore, HSC-Lipo@gel alleviated psoriasiform skin inflammation by increasing cutaneous Tregs via downregulation of the expression of CCL17, but not CCL22. Thus, HSC-Lipo@gel may be a stable, highly permeable, and effective system for topical treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Chen
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuming He
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jingru Lin
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zenghua He
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, U.K
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Joint Immunology Program, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
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Fernando PDSM, Piao MJ, Herath HMUL, Kang KA, Hyun CL, Kim ET, Koh YS, Hyun JW. Hyperoside reduced particulate matter 2.5-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and senescence in skin cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 99:105870. [PMID: 38848825 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) causes skin aging, inflammation, and impaired skin homeostasis. Hyperoside, a flavanol glycoside, has been proposed to reduce the risk of diseases caused by oxidative stress. This study evaluated the cytoprotective potential of hyperoside against PM2.5-induced skin cell damage. Cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes were pretreated with hyperoside and treated with PM2.5. Initially, the cytoprotective and antioxidant ability of hyperoside against PM2.5 was evaluated. Western blotting was further employed to investigate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cellular senescence and for evaluation of cell cycle regulation-related proteins. Hyperoside inhibited PM2.5-mediated ER stress as well as mitochondrial damage. Colony formation assessment confirmed that PM2.5-impaired cell proliferation was restored by hyperoside. Moreover, hyperoside reduced the activation of PM2.5-induced ER stress-related proteins, such as protein kinase R-like ER kinase, cleaved activating transcription factor 6, and inositol-requiring enzyme 1. Hyperoside promoted cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase by upregulating the PM2.5-impaired cell cycle regulatory proteins. Hyperoside significantly reduced the expression of PM2.5-induced senescence-associated β-galactosidase and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-1 and MMP-9. Overall, hyperoside ameliorated PM2.5-impaired cell proliferation, ER stress, and cellular senescence, offering potential therapeutic implications for mitigating the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan Fernando
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Lim Hyun
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Tae Kim
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Iancu D, Fulga A, Vesa D, Zenovia A, Fulga I, Sarbu MI, Tatu AL. Metastatic patterns and treatment options for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 20:40. [PMID: 38756868 PMCID: PMC11097132 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2024.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
According to current predictions, one-fifth of all Americans will develop skin cancer during their lifetime. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) most commonly occurs in the head and neck region, which is the area of the body with the highest level of sun exposure. High-risk head and neck cSCC (HNcSCC) is a broad category with numerous high-risk factors that are associated with unfavorable results. In cSCC staging systems, clinical and tumor traits that are likely to result in poor outcomes are identified. Metastasis occurs in ~2.5% of patients with cSCC, most often in the local lymph nodes, and there is some indication that lymph node metastasis has a distinct pattern based on the tumor site. Current findings on tumor molecular targets have suggested the use of systemic treatments, particularly immunotherapy (such as cemiplimab, pembrolizumab and nivolumab), over radiotherapy or chemotherapy for this type of metastasis. However, when used simultaneously with immunotherapy, radiotherapy may be beneficial in the treatment of metastatic HNcSCC by improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. The present review aims to assess the existing literature on metastatic HNcSCC pathways and treatment options, in order to define current and future directions. Notably, there is an urgent need to identify patients who may benefit from local or systemic cancer treatments. The treatment of lymph node metastasis presents a therapeutic challenge and requires comprehensive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Iancu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ‘Sfantul Andrei’ Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati, 800578 Galati, Romania
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Ana Fulga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ‘Sfantul Andrei’ Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati, 800578 Galati, Romania
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Doina Vesa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ‘Sfantul Andrei’ Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati, 800578 Galati, Romania
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Andrei Zenovia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ‘Cai Ferate’ General Hospital, 800223 Galati, Romania
| | - Iuliu Fulga
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
- Department of Forensic Medicine, ‘Sfantul Andrei’ Emergency Clinical Hospital of Galati, 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ionela Sarbu
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Laurentiu Tatu
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800010 Galati, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Sfanta Cuvioasa Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrative Center for Dermatologic Interface Research, 800179 Galati, Romania
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Guo S, Bai W, Cui F, Chen X, Fang X, Shen H, Gu X. Exploration of the Correlation Between GRHL1 Expression and Tumor Microenvironment in Endometrial Cancer and Immunotherapy. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:91-103. [PMID: 38586176 PMCID: PMC10999208 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s453061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction GRHL1 belongs to the family of Grainyhead-like (GRHL). Previous studies have shown that dysregulation of growth and survival pathways is associated with the GRHL family of gene cancers. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has changed the treatment paradigm for many tumors, including endometrial cancer (EC). However, the effect of GRHL1 on immunotherapy in EC and its relationship with immune cell infiltration are poorly understood. Methods Differential expression of GRHL1 between EC and normal EC tissues was analyzed by searching the TCGA database, and the results were verified utilizing immunohistochemistry analyses. Next, the relationship between GRHL1, CD8+ T cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) was also investigated, and the effect of GRHL1 expression on immunotherapy in EC was evaluated. Results According to the findings, EC tissues had elevated expression levels of GRHL1 relative to normal tissues. Patients with EC who expressed GRHL1 at high levels experienced worse overall survival (OS) and Progression-free survival (PFS) than those whose expression was lower. In addition, GRHL1 expression was negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells, and patients with high GRHL1 expression were less effective in receiving immunotherapy. Conclusion The expression of GRHL1 was high in EC patients, and high expression of GRHL1 inhibits the proliferation of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment of EC and affect the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Guo
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Bai
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Fang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghong Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhua Gu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
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Hu XT, Wu XF, Sui LM, Ao LQ, Pu CX, Yuan M, Xing W, Xu X. The GRHL3-regulated long non-coding RNA lnc-DC modulates keratinocytes differentiation by interacting with IGF2BP2 and up-regulating ZNF750. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:93-102. [PMID: 38383230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant keratinocytes differentiation has been demonstrated to be associated with a number of skin diseases. The roles of lncRNAs in keratinocytes differentiation remain to be largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Here we aim to investigate the role of lnc-DC in regulating epidermal keratinocytes differentiation. METHODS Expression of lnc-DC in the skin was queried in AnnoLnc and verified by FISH. The lncRNA expression profiles during keratinocytes differentiation were reanalyzed and verified by qPCR and FISH. Gene knock-down and over-expression were used to explore the role of lnc-DC in keratinocytes differentiation. The downstream target of lnc-DC was screened by whole transcriptome sequencing. CUT&RUN assay and siRNAs transfection was used to reveal the regulatory effect of GRHL3 on lnc-DC. The mechanism of lnc-DC regulating ZNF750 was revealed by RIP assay and RNA stability assay. RESULTS Lnc-DC was biasedly expressed in skin and up-regulated during epidermal keratinocytes differentiation. Knockdown lnc-DC repressed epidermal keratinocytes differentiation while over-express lnc-DC showed the opposite effect. GRHL3, a well-known transcription factor regulating keratinocytes differentiation, could bind to the promoter of lnc-DC and regulate its expression. By whole transcriptome sequencing, we identified that ZNF750 was a downstream target of lnc-DC during keratinocytes differentiation. Mechanistically, lnc-DC interacted with RNA binding protein IGF2BP2 to stabilize ZNF750 mRNA and up- regulated its downstream targets TINCR and KLF4. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the novel role of GRHL3/lnc-DC/ZNF750 axis in regulating epidermal keratinocytes differentiation, which may provide new therapeutic targets of aberrant keratinocytes differentiation related skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ting Hu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hosptial, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hosptial, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu-Min Sui
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hosptial, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo-Quan Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hosptial, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Xiu Pu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hosptial, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mu Yuan
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hosptial, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hosptial, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hosptial, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Döring Y, van der Vorst EP, Yan Y, Neideck C, Blanchet X, Jansen Y, Kemmerich M, Bayasgalan S, Peters LJ, Hristov M, Bidzhekov K, Yin C, Zhang X, Leberzammer J, Li Y, Park I, Kral M, Nitz K, Parma L, Gencer S, Habenicht A, Faussner A, Teupser D, Monaco C, Holdt L, Megens RT, Atzler D, Santovito D, von Hundelshausen P, Weber C. Identification of a non-canonical chemokine-receptor pathway suppressing regulatory T cells to drive atherosclerosis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:221-242. [PMID: 39044999 PMCID: PMC7616283 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
CCL17 is produced by conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), signals through CCR4 on regulatory T cells (Tregs), and drives atherosclerosis by suppressing Treg functions through yet undefined mechanisms. Here we show that cDCs from CCL17-deficient mice display a pro-tolerogenic phenotype and transcriptome that is not phenocopied in mice lacking its cognate receptor CCR4. In the plasma of CCL17-deficient mice, CCL3 was the only decreased cytokine/chemokine. We found that CCL17 signaled through CCR8 as an alternate high-affinity receptor, which induced CCL3 expression and suppressed Treg functions in the absence of CCR4. Genetic ablation of CCL3 and CCR8 in CD4+ T cells reduced CCL3 secretion, boosted FoxP3+ Treg numbers, and limited atherosclerosis. Conversely, CCL3 administration exacerbated atherosclerosis and restrained Treg differentiation. In symptomatic versus asymptomatic human carotid atheroma, CCL3 expression was increased, while FoxP3 expression was reduced. Together, we identified a non-canonical chemokine pathway whereby CCL17 interacts with CCR8 to yield a CCL3-dependent suppression of atheroprotective Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Döring
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Emiel P.C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Yan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Carlos Neideck
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xavier Blanchet
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Jansen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuela Kemmerich
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Linsey J.F. Peters
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Hristov
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiril Bidzhekov
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Changjun Yin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Leberzammer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ya Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inhye Park
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kral
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Nitz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Parma
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Gencer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Faussner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Remco T.A. Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Unit of Milan, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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Tu Z, Wei W, Xiang Q, Wang W, Zhang S, Zhou H. Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 regulates LMO4 expression in psoriatic keratinocytes via AKT/STAT3 pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1104. [PMID: 38156380 PMCID: PMC10698831 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor LIM-only protein 4 (LMO4) is overexpressed in the psoriatic epidermis and regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. High LMO4 expression levels are induced by interleukin-23 (IL-23) to activate the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is mainly involved in regulating T cell functions and development in patients with psoriasis. However, whether LMO4 expression is regulated by IL-6 remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the role and molecular mechanisms of IL-6 in regulating LMO4 expression. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in human plasma were determined using a chemiluminescence immunoassay system. A psoriasis-like mouse model was established using imiquimod induction. Epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) were cultured in defined keratinocyte-serum-free medium and stimulated by IL-6 alone or with inhibitors. The proteins of interest were detected using western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. The 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay was used to detect cell proliferation. The results revealed that IL-6 levels were markedly increased in the plasma of patients with psoriasis, compared to healthy control. The high expression of LMO4 was consistent with high levels of IL-6, p-AKT, and p-STAT3 in the lesions of both psoriasis patients and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mice. IL-6 activates the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway, followed by LMO4 high-expression in HaCaT cells. IL-6 induces HaCaT proliferation and differentiation via AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway activation. We think that the high expression of LMO4 in psoriatic keratinocytes requires IL-6 to activate the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway and leads to epidermal keratinocytes abnormal proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Tu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Qiantong Xiang
- Department of DermatologySecond People's Hospital of Hefei Affiliated of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Siping Zhang
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Haisheng Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- The Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
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8
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Lupancu TJ, Eivazitork M, Hamilton JA, Achuthan AA, Lee KMC. CCL17/TARC in autoimmunity and inflammation-not just a T-cell chemokine. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:600-609. [PMID: 36975092 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C) ligand 17 (CCL17) was first identified as thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine when it was found to be constitutively expressed in the thymus and identified as a T-cell chemokine. This chemoattractant molecule has subsequently been found at elevated levels in a range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as in cancer. CCL17 is a C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) ligand, with chemokine (C-C) ligand 22 being the other major ligand and, as CCR4 is highly expressed on helper T cells, CCL17 can play a role in T-cell-driven diseases, usually considered to be via its chemotactic activity on T helper 2 cells; however, given that CCR4 is also expressed by other cell types and there is elevated expression of CCL17 in many diseases, a broader CCL17 biology is suggested. In this review, we summarize the biology of CCL17, its regulation and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of various preclinical models. Reference is made, for example, to recent literature indicating a role for CCL17 in the control of pain as part of a granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor/CCL17 pathway in lymphocyte-independent models and thus not as a T-cell chemokine. The review also discusses the potential for CCL17 to be a biomarker and a therapeutic target in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Lupancu
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mahtab Eivazitork
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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9
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Deng Z, Butt T, Arhatari BD, Darido C, Auden A, Swaroop D, Partridge DD, Haigh K, Nguyen T, Haigh JJ, Carpinelli MR, Jane SM. Dysregulation of Grainyhead-like 3 expression causes widespread developmental defects. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:647-667. [PMID: 36606449 PMCID: PMC10952483 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene encoding the transcription factor, Grainyhead-like 3 (Grhl3), plays critical roles in mammalian development and homeostasis. Grhl3-null embryos exhibit thoraco-lumbo-sacral spina bifida and soft-tissue syndactyly. Additional studies reveal that these embryos also exhibit an epidermal proliferation/differentiation imbalance. This manifests as skin barrier defects resulting in peri-natal lethality and defective wound repair. Despite these extensive analyses of Grhl3 loss-of-function models, the consequences of gain-of-function of this gene have been difficult to achieve. RESULTS In this study, we generated a novel mouse model that expresses Grhl3 from a transgene integrated in the Rosa26 locus on an endogenous Grhl3-null background. Expression of the transgene rescues both the neurulation and skin barrier defects of the knockout mice, allowing survival into adulthood. Despite this, the mice are not normal, exhibiting a range of phenotypes attributable to dysregulated Grhl3 expression. In mice homozygous for the transgene, we observe a severe Shaker-Waltzer phenotype associated with hearing impairment. Micro-CT scanning of the inner ear revealed profound structural alterations underlying these phenotypes. In addition, these mice exhibit other developmental anomalies including hair loss, digit defects, and epidermal dysmorphogenesis. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings indicate that diverse developmental processes display low tolerance to dysregulation of Grhl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Deng
- Department of Medicine (Alfred Hospital), Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tariq Butt
- Department of Medicine (Alfred Hospital), Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Benedicta D. Arhatari
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry and PhysicsLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTOClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alana Auden
- Department of Medicine (Alfred Hospital), Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Dijina Swaroop
- Department of Medicine (Alfred Hospital), Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Darren D. Partridge
- Department of Medicine (Alfred Hospital), Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Katharina Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Research Institute in Oncology and HematologyCancerCare ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jody J. Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Research Institute in Oncology and HematologyCancerCare ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Marina R. Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine (Alfred Hospital), Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephen M. Jane
- Department of Medicine (Alfred Hospital), Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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10
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Bai Y, Gotz C, Chincarini G, Zhao Z, Slaney C, Boath J, Furic L, Angel C, Jane SM, Phillips WA, Stacker SA, Farah CS, Darido C. YBX1 integration of oncogenic PI3K/mTOR signalling regulates the fitness of malignant epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1591. [PMID: 36949044 PMCID: PMC10033729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In heterogeneous head and neck cancer (HNC), subtype-specific treatment regimens are currently missing. An integrated analysis of patient HNC subtypes using single-cell sequencing and proteome profiles reveals an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature within the epithelial cancer-cell population. The EMT signature coincides with PI3K/mTOR inactivation in the mesenchymal subtype. Conversely, the signature is suppressed in epithelial cells of the basal subtype which exhibits hyperactive PI3K/mTOR signalling. We further identify YBX1 phosphorylation, downstream of the PI3K/mTOR pathway, restraining basal-like cancer cell proliferation. In contrast, YBX1 acts as a safeguard against the proliferation-to-invasion switch in mesenchymal-like epithelial cancer cells, and its loss accentuates partial-EMT and in vivo invasion. Interestingly, phospho-YBX1 that is mutually exclusive to partial-EMT, emerges as a prognostic marker for overall patient outcomes. These findings create a unique opportunity to sensitise mesenchymal cancer cells to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors by shifting them towards a basal-like subtype as a promising therapeutic approach against HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Bai
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Carolin Gotz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ginevra Chincarini
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Clare Slaney
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jarryd Boath
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher Angel
- Department of Histopathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education; Fiona Stanley Hospital; Hollywood Private Hospital; Australian Clinical Labs, CQ University, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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11
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Bai X, Li Y, Li Y, Li F, Che N, Ni C, Zhao N, Zhao X, Liu T. GRHL2 Expression Functions in Breast Cancer Aggressiveness and Could Serve as Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2022; 16:11795549221109511. [PMID: 35898391 PMCID: PMC9310218 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide and the leading cause of female cancer-associated death in the world. Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is an important gene involved in human cancer progression. However, the role of GRHL2 in BC is unknown. Methods In this study, we used in vitro experiments to verify the role of GRHL2 expression in BC progression. We used 14 databases to analyse the expression level of GRHL2 in BC and its prognostic and diagnostic value. In addition, the correlation between GRHL2 expression and immune cell infiltration and DNA methylation was also analysed. Results At the cellular level, overexpression of GRHL2 induced E-cadherin expression in BC cells with a mesenchymal phenotype and resulted in a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype, which is more strongly correlated with tumour aggressiveness than a pure mesenchymal phenotype. Through analysis of various databases, we found that tumour tissue had a higher expression level of GRHL2. High expression of GRHL2 was associated with worse prognosis of BC patients and indicated that GRHL2 had significant diagnostic value. Grainyhead-like 2 is also related to immune infiltration and regulated by DNA methylation. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses showed that GRHL2-related signalling pathways in BC were related to tumour cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Conclusions In summary, evidence indicates that GRHL2 can be used as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Bai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Che
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunsheng Ni
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tieju Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tieju Liu, Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, HePing District, Tianjin, 30070,
China.
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12
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Gasperoni JG, Fuller JN, Darido C, Wilanowski T, Dworkin S. Grainyhead-like (Grhl) Target Genes in Development and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052735. [PMID: 35269877 PMCID: PMC8911041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Grainyhead-like (GRHL) factors are essential, highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) that regulate processes common to both natural cellular behaviours during embryogenesis, and de-regulation of growth and survival pathways in cancer. Serving to drive the transcription, and therefore activation of multiple co-ordinating pathways, the three GRHL family members (GRHL1-3) are a critical conduit for modulating the molecular landscape that guides cellular decision-making processes during proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration. Animal models and in vitro approaches harbouring GRHL loss or gain-of-function are key research tools to understanding gene function, which gives confidence that resultant phenotypes and cellular behaviours may be translatable to humans. Critically, identifying and characterising the target genes to which these factors bind is also essential, as they allow us to discover and understand novel genetic pathways that could ultimately be used as targets for disease diagnosis, drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. GRHL1-3 and their transcriptional targets have been shown to drive comparable cellular processes in Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish and mice, and have recently also been implicated in the aetiology and/or progression of a number of human congenital disorders and cancers of epithelial origin. In this review, we will summarise the state of knowledge pertaining to the role of the GRHL family target genes in both development and cancer, primarily through understanding the genetic pathways transcriptionally regulated by these factors across disparate disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma G. Gasperoni
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.G.G.); (J.N.F.)
| | - Jarrad N. Fuller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.G.G.); (J.N.F.)
| | - Charbel Darido
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.G.G.); (J.N.F.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Zhou X, Chen Y, Cui L, Shi Y, Guo C. Advances in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: from keratinocyte perspective. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:81. [PMID: 35075118 PMCID: PMC8786887 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a complex long-lasting inflammatory skin disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidity. It is characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and dermal infiltration of immune cells. Here, we review the role of keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, focusing on factors relevant to genetics, cytokines and receptors, metabolism, cell signaling, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, antimicrobial peptides, and proteins with other different functions. The critical role of keratinocytes in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory state suggests the great significance of targeting keratinocytes for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200443, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200443, Shanghai, China
| | - Youdong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200443, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200443, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200443, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200443, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200443, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200443, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunyuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200443, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200443, Shanghai, China.
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14
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The Balance between Differentiation and Terminal Differentiation Maintains Oral Epithelial Homeostasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205123. [PMID: 34680271 PMCID: PMC8534139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral cancer affecting the oral cavity represents the most common cancer of the head and neck region. Oral cancer develops in a multistep process in which normal cells gradually accumulate genetic and epigenetic modifications to evolve into a malignant disease. Mortality for oral cancer patients is high and morbidity has a significant long-term impact on the health and wellbeing of affected individuals, typically resulting in facial disfigurement and a loss of the ability to speak, chew, taste, and swallow. The limited scope to which current treatments are able to control oral cancer underlines the need for novel therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the molecular differences between oral cell proliferation, differentiation and terminal differentiation, defines terminal differentiation as an important tumour suppressive mechanism and establishes a rationale for clinical investigation of differentiation-paired therapies that may improve outcomes in oral cancer. Abstract The oral epithelium is one of the fastest repairing and continuously renewing tissues. Stem cell activation within the basal layer of the oral epithelium fuels the rapid proliferation of multipotent progenitors. Stem cells first undergo asymmetric cell division that requires tightly controlled and orchestrated differentiation networks to maintain the pool of stem cells while producing progenitors fated for differentiation. Rapidly expanding progenitors subsequently commit to advanced differentiation programs towards terminal differentiation, a process that regulates the structural integrity and homeostasis of the oral epithelium. Therefore, the balance between differentiation and terminal differentiation of stem cells and their progeny ensures progenitors commitment to terminal differentiation and prevents epithelial transformation and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A recent comprehensive molecular characterization of OSCC revealed that a disruption of terminal differentiation factors is indeed a common OSCC event and is superior to oncogenic activation. Here, we discuss the role of differentiation and terminal differentiation in maintaining oral epithelial homeostasis and define terminal differentiation as a critical tumour suppressive mechanism. We further highlight factors with crucial terminal differentiation functions and detail the underlying consequences of their loss. Switching on terminal differentiation in differentiated progenitors is likely to represent an extremely promising novel avenue that may improve therapeutic interventions against OSCC.
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15
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Elieh Ali Komi D, Jalili A. The emerging role of mast cells in skin cancers: involved cellular and molecular mechanisms. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:792-803. [PMID: 34570900 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are the most common cancers worldwide. They can be divided into nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and less common lymphomas and merkel cell carcinoma, and melanomas. Melanomas comprise less than 5% of skin cancer rate but are responsible for more than 90% of skin cancer death. Mast cells (MCs) are multifunctional cells that play an important role in inflammatory and allergic reactions. They attract other key players of the immune system by releasing cytokines. Healthy human skin comprises MCs under physiological status, and the number can increase under certain conditions including skin malignancies postulating their possible role in pathogenesis of and immunity against skin cancers. MCs respond to cytokines released by tumor stromal cells, release mediators (including histamine and tryptase), and induce the neovascularization, degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and induce mitogenesis. However, MCs may use molecular mechanisms to exert immunosuppressive activity including releasing complement C3, lower expression of CD40L, and overexpression of enzymes with vitamin D3 metabolizing activity including CYP27A1 and CYP27B1. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of MCs in pathogenesis and immunity against skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jalili
- Department of Dermatology, Bürgenstock Medical Center, Obbürgen, Switzerland
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16
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Phatak M, Kulkarni S, Miles LB, Anjum N, Dworkin S, Sonawane M. Grhl3 promotes retention of epidermal cells under endocytic stress to maintain epidermal architecture in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009823. [PMID: 34570762 PMCID: PMC8496789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelia such as epidermis cover large surfaces and are crucial for survival. Maintenance of tissue homeostasis by balancing cell proliferation, cell size, and cell extrusion ensures epidermal integrity. Although the mechanisms of cell extrusion are better understood, how epithelial cells that round up under developmental or perturbed genetic conditions are reintegrated in the epithelium to maintain homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we performed live imaging in zebrafish embryos to show that epidermal cells that round up due to membrane homeostasis defects in the absence of goosepimples/myosinVb (myoVb) function, are reintegrated into the epithelium. Transcriptome analysis and genetic interaction studies suggest that the transcription factor Grainyhead-like 3 (Grhl3) induces the retention of rounded cells by regulating E-cadherin levels. Moreover, Grhl3 facilitates the survival of MyoVb deficient embryos by regulating cell adhesion, cell retention, and epidermal architecture. Our analyses have unraveled a mechanism of retention of rounded cells and its importance in epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Phatak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shruti Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Lee B. Miles
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Nazma Anjum
- Center for Biotechnology, A.C. College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Mahendra Sonawane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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17
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The functional GRHL3-filaggrin axis maintains a tumor differentiation potential and influences drug sensitivity. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2571-2582. [PMID: 33775911 PMCID: PMC8353142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for treating heterogeneous cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are non-selective and are administered independent of response biomarkers. Therapy resistance subsequently emerges, resulting in increased cellular proliferation that is associated with loss of differentiation. Whether a cancer cell differentiation potential can dictate therapy responsiveness is still currently unknown. A multi-omic approach integrating whole-genome and whole-transcriptome sequencing with drug sensitivity was employed in a HNSCC mouse model, primary patients’ data, and human cell lines to assess the potential of functional differentiation in predicting therapy response. Interestingly, a subset of HNSCC with effective GRHL3-dependent differentiation was the most sensitive to inhibitors of PI3K/mTOR, c-Myc, and STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, we identified the GRHL3-differentiation target gene Filaggrin (FLG) as a response biomarker and more importantly, stratified HNSCC subsets as treatment resistant based on their FLG mutational profile. The loss of FLG in sensitive HNSCC resulted in a dramatic resistance to targeted therapies while the GRHL3-FLG signature predicted a favorable patient prognosis. This study provides evidence for a functional GRHL3-FLG tumor-specific differentiation axis that regulates targeted therapy response in HNSCC and establishes a rationale for clinical investigation of differentiation-paired targeted therapy in heterogeneous cancers.
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18
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Deng Z, Cangkrama M, Butt T, Jane SM, Carpinelli MR. Grainyhead-like transcription factors: guardians of the skin barrier. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:553-e152. [PMID: 33843098 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been selective pressure to maintain a skin barrier since terrestrial animals evolved 360 million years ago. These animals acquired an unique integumentary system with a keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium surface barrier. The barrier protects against dehydration and entry of microbes and toxins. The skin barrier centres on the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis and consists of cornified envelopes cemented by the intercorneocyte lipid matrix. Multiple components of the barrier undergo cross-linking by transglutaminase (TGM) enzymes, while keratins provide additional mechanical strength. Cellular tight junctions also are crucial for barrier integrity. The grainyhead-like (GRHL) transcription factors regulate the formation and maintenance of the integument in diverse species. GRHL3 is essential for formation of the skin barrier during embryonic development, whereas GRHL1 maintains the skin barrier postnatally. This is achieved by transactivation of Tgm1 and Tgm5, respectively. In addition to its barrier function, GRHL3 plays key roles in wound repair and as an epidermal tumour suppressor. In its former role, GRHL3 activates the planar cell polarity signalling pathway to mediate wound healing by providing directional migration cues. In squamous epithelium, GRHL3 regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation, and its loss induces squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the skin, this is mediated through increased expression of MIR21, which reduces the expression levels of GRHL3 and its direct target, PTEN, leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway. These data position the GRHL family as master regulators of epidermal homeostasis across a vast gulf of evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Deng
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Cangkrama
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tariq Butt
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marina R Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Okano J, Nakae Y, Nakagawa T, Katagi M, Terashima T, Nagakubo D, Nakayama T, Yoshie O, Suzuki Y, Kojima H. A novel role for bone marrow-derived cells to recover damaged keratinocytes from radiation-induced injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5653. [PMID: 33707490 PMCID: PMC7952382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to moderate doses of ionizing radiation (IR), which is sufficient for causing skin injury, can occur during radiation therapy as well as in radiation accidents. Radiation-induced skin injury occasionally recovers, although its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Moderate-dose IR is frequently utilized for bone marrow transplantation in mice; therefore, this mouse model can help understand the mechanism. We had previously reported that bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) migrate to the epidermis-dermis junction in response to IR, although their role remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of BMDCs in radiation-induced skin injury in BMT mice and observed that BMDCs contributed to skin recovery after IR-induced barrier dysfunction. One of the important mechanisms involved the action of CCL17 secreted by BMDCs on irradiated basal cells, leading to accelerated proliferation and recovery of apoptosis caused by IR. Our findings suggest that BMDCs are key players in IR-induced skin injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Okano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nakae
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Miwako Katagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoya Terashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nagakubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Health and Hygienic Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihisa Suzuki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideto Kojima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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20
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Recent Discoveries on the Involvement of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 in the Most Common Cancer Types. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228843. [PMID: 33266506 PMCID: PMC7700188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor highly conserved in evolution. It is particularly well known for its role in inducing pluripotent stem cells. In addition, KLF4 plays many roles in cancer. The results of most studies suggest that KLF4 is a tumor suppressor. However, the functioning of KLF4 is regulated at many levels. These include regulation of transcription, alternative splicing, miRNA, post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, protein stability and interactions with other molecules. Simple experiments aimed at assaying transcript levels or protein levels fail to address this complexity and thus may deliver misleading results. Tumor subtypes are also important; for example, in prostate cancer KLF4 is highly expressed in indolent tumors where it impedes tumor progression, while it is absent from aggressive prostate tumors. KLF4 is important in regulating response to many known drugs, and it also plays a role in tumor microenvironment. More and more information is available about upstream regulators, downstream targets and signaling pathways associated with the involvement of KLF4 in cancer. Furthermore, KLF4 performs critical function in the overall regulation of tissue homeostasis, cellular integrity, and progression towards malignancy. Here we summarize and analyze the latest findings concerning this fascinating transcription factor.
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Cottle DL, Ursino GM, Jones LK, Tham MS, Zylberberg AK, Smyth IM. Topical Aminosalicylic Acid Improves Keratinocyte Differentiation in an Inducible Mouse Model of Harlequin Ichthyosis. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100129. [PMID: 33294854 PMCID: PMC7691394 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the lipid transport protein ABCA12 cause the life-threatening skin condition harlequin ichthyosis (HI), which is characterized by the loss of skin barrier function, inflammation, and dehydration. Inflammatory responses in HI increase disease severity by impairing keratinocyte differentiation, suggesting amelioration of this phenotype as a possible therapy for the condition. Existing treatments for HI are based around the use of retinoids, but their value in treating patients during the neonatal period has been questioned relative to other improved management regimens, and their long-term use is associated with side effects. We have developed a conditional mouse model to demonstrate that topical application of the aminosalicylic acid derivatives 5ASA or 4ASA considerably improves HI keratinocyte differentiation without the undesirable side effects of the retinoid acitretin and salicylic acid (aspirin). Analysis of changes in gene expression shows that 4ASA in particular elicits compensatory upregulation of a large family of barrier function-related genes, many of which are associated with other ichthyoses, identifying this compound as a lead candidate for developing topical treatments for HI. Inflammation impairs keratinocyte differentiation and worsens harlequin ichthyosis Harlequin ichthyosis mice can be used to assess therapies for this disease Aminosalicylic acids may be therapeutic treatments for harlequin ichthyosis 4ASA improves skin differentiation and barrier function in harlequin ichthyosis models
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny L. Cottle
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gloria M.A. Ursino
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lynelle K. Jones
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ming Shen Tham
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Allara K. Zylberberg
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian M. Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Corresponding author
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22
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Ahlawat S, Arora R, Sharma R, Sharma U, Kaur M, Kumar A, Singh KV, Singh MK, Vijh RK. Skin transcriptome profiling of Changthangi goats highlights the relevance of genes involved in Pashmina production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6050. [PMID: 32269277 PMCID: PMC7142143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pashmina, the world's finest natural fiber is derived from secondary hair follicles of Changthangi goats which are domesticated in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir by nomadic pastoralists. Complex epithelial-mesenchymal interactions involving numerous signal molecules and signaling pathways govern hair follicle morphogenesis and mitosis across different species. The present study involved transcriptome profiling of skin from fiber type Changthangi goats and meat type Barbari goats to unravel gene networks and metabolic pathways that might contribute to Pashmina development. In Changthangi goats, 525 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels and 54 at significantly lower levels with fold change >2 (padj < 0.05). Functional annotation and enrichment analysis identified significantly enriched pathways to be formation of the cornified envelope, keratinization and developmental biology. Expression of genes for keratins (KRTs) and keratin-associated proteins (KRTAPs) was observed to be much higher in Changthangi goats. A host of transcriptional regulator genes for hair follicle keratin synthesis such as GPRC5D, PADI3, HOXC13, FOXN1, LEF1 and ELF5 showed higher transcript abundance in Pashmina producing goats. Positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway and negative regulation of Oncostatin M signaling pathway may be speculated to be important contributors to hair follicle development and hair shaft differentiation in Changthangi goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Ahlawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India.
| | - Reena Arora
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Rekha Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Upasna Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
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Meta-Analysis of Grainyhead-Like Dependent Transcriptional Networks: A Roadmap for Identifying Novel Conserved Genetic Pathways. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110876. [PMID: 31683705 PMCID: PMC6896185 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila grainyhead (grh) and vertebrate Grainyhead-like (Grhl) transcription factors are among the most critical genes for epithelial development, maintenance and homeostasis, and are remarkably well conserved from fungi to humans. Mutations affecting grh/Grhl function lead to a myriad of developmental and adult onset epithelial disease, such as aberrant skin barrier formation, facial/palatal clefting, impaired neural tube closure, age-related hearing loss, ectodermal dysplasia, and importantly, cancers of epithelial origin. Recently, mutations in the family member GRHL3 have been shown to lead to both syndromic and non-syndromic facial and palatal clefting in humans, particularly the genetic disorder Van Der Woude Syndrome (VWS), as well as spina bifida, whereas mutations in mammalian Grhl2 lead to exencephaly and facial clefting. As transcription factors, Grhl proteins bind to and activate (or repress) a substantial number of target genes that regulate and drive a cascade of transcriptional networks. A multitude of large-scale datasets have been generated to explore the grh/Grhl-dependent transcriptome, following ablation or mis-regulation of grh/Grhl-function. Here, we have performed a meta-analysis of all 41 currently published grh and Grhl RNA-SEQ, and microarray datasets, in order to identify and characterise the transcriptional networks controlled by grh/Grhl genes across disparate biological contexts. Moreover, we have also cross-referenced our results with published ChIP and ChIP-SEQ datasets, in order to determine which of the critical effector genes are likely to be direct grh/Grhl targets, based on genomic occupancy by grh/Grhl genes. Lastly, to interrogate the predictive strength of our approach, we experimentally validated the expression of the top 10 candidate grhl target genes in epithelial development, in a zebrafish model lacking grhl3, and found that orthologues of seven of these (cldn23, ppl, prom2, ocln, slc6a19, aldh1a3, and sod3) were significantly down-regulated at 48 hours post-fertilisation. Therefore, our study provides a strong predictive resource for the identification of putative grh/grhl effector target genes.
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24
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Michaletti A, Mancini M, Smirnov A, Candi E, Melino G, Zolla L. Multi-omics profiling of calcium-induced human keratinocytes differentiation reveals modulation of unfolded protein response signaling pathways. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2124-2140. [PMID: 31291818 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1642066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
By proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches we shed light on the molecular mechanism by which human keratinocytes undergo to terminal differentiation upon in vitro calcium treatment. Proteomic analysis revealed a selective induction of the ribosomal proteins RSSA, an inhibitor of cell proliferation and inducer of differentiation, HSP 60, a protein folding chaperone and GRP78, an unfolding protein response signal. Additionally, we observed an induction of EF1D, a transcription factor for genes that contain heat-shock responsive elements. Conversely, RAD23, a protein involved in regulating ER-associated protein degradation was down-regulated. All these modifications indicated an ER stress response, which in turn activated the unfolded protein response signaling pathway through ATF4, as confirmed both by the modulation of amino acids metabolism genes, such as XBP1, PDI and GPR78, and by the metabolomic analysis. Finally, we detected a reduction of PDI protein, as confirmed by the increase of oxidized glutathione. Metabolome analysis indicated that glycolysis failed to fuel the Krebs cycle, which continued to decrease during differentiation, at glance with the PPP pathway, allowing NADH production and glutathione reduction. Since unfolded protein response is linked to keratinization, these results may be useful for studying pathological mechanisms as well as potential treatments for different pathological conditions. Abbreviation: UPR, unfolded protein response; HEK, human epidermal keratinocytes; HKGS, human keratinocytes growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michaletti
- a Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Mara Mancini
- b Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Artem Smirnov
- c Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- b Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS , Rome , Italy.,c Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- c Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy.,d MRC Toxicology Unit, Cambridge University , Leicester , UK
| | - Lello Zolla
- e Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
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25
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Goldie SJ, Chincarini G, Darido C. Targeted Therapy Against the Cell of Origin in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092201. [PMID: 31060263 PMCID: PMC6539622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), including cutaneous SCCs, are by far the most frequent cancers in humans, accounting for 80% of all newly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. The old dogma that SCC develops exclusively from stem cells (SC) has now changed to include progenitors, transit-amplifying and differentiated short-lived cells. Accumulation of specific oncogenic mutations is required to induce SCC from each cell population. Whilst as fewer as one genetic hit is sufficient to induce SCC from a SC, multiple events are additionally required in more differentiated cells. Interestingly, the level of differentiation correlates with the number of transforming events required to induce a stem-like phenotype, a long-lived potential and a tumourigenic capacity in a progenitor, a transient amplifying or even in a terminally differentiated cell. Furthermore, it is well described that SCCs originating from different cells of origin differ not only in their squamous differentiation status but also in their malignant characteristics. This review summarises recent findings in cutaneous SCC and highlights transforming oncogenic events in specific cell populations. It underlines oncogenes that are restricted either to stem or differentiated cells, which could provide therapeutic target selectivity against heterogeneous SCC. This strategy may be applicable to SCC from different body locations, such as head and neck SCCs, which are currently still associated with poor survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Goldie
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Ginevra Chincarini
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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