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Huang M, Gao T, Chen X, Yi J, Zhou X. Circ_0087851 suppresses colorectal cancer malignant progression through triggering miR-593-3p/BAP1-mediated ferroptosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:204. [PMID: 38642144 PMCID: PMC11032280 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research has validated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have indispensable regulatory functions in tumorigenesis, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Ferroptosis is a specific cell death form and implicates in the malignant progression of tumors. Here, this study aimed to investigate the biofunction of circ_0087851 in tumor progression and ferroptosis of CRC, as well as its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS The expression pattern of circ_0087851 in CRC was validated by qRT-PCR. The biological characteristics of circ_0087851 in CRC were assessed through CCK-8, colony formation and transwell assays in vitro. The ferroptosis was measured using ferroptosis-related reagents on iron, Fe2+, and lipid ROS detection. Bioinformatics, luciferase reporter, and RNA pulldown assays were employed to reveal the circ_0087851-mediated regulatory network. In addition, the effect of circ_0087851 on tumor growth in vivo was detected using a xenograft model. RESULTS Circ_0087851 was notably diminished in CRC tissues and cells. Functionally, overexpression of circ_0087851 suppressed CRC cell growth, migration, invasion, and facilitated ferroptosis in vitro. Meanwhile, circ_0087851 upregulation impeded CRC growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0087851 functioned as a molecular sponge for miR-593-3p, and BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) was identified as a downstream target of miR-593-3p. Besides, rescue experiments revealed that miR-593-3p overexpression or silencing of BAP1 reversed circ_0087851-mediated CRC progression. CONCLUSION Circ_0087851 performed as a tumor suppressor and ferroptosis promoter by the miR-593-3p/BAP1 axis, providing novel biomarker and therapeutic target for the clinical management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Xianyong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Junlei Yi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, No. 25, Renmin West Road, Beihu District, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China.
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2
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Chao J, Wang S, Wang H, Zhang N, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhu C, Ning C, Zhang X, Xue J, Zhang L, Piao M, Wang M, Yang X, Lu L, Zhao H. Real-world cohort study of PD-1 blockade plus lenvatinib for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: effectiveness, safety, and biomarker analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3717-3726. [PMID: 37787790 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical practice, some patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) cannot tolerate or refuse chemotherapy due to the toxicity, necessitating alternative treatments. PD-1 blockade combined with lenvatinib showed promising results in phase II studies with small sample size, but there is a lack of data on the routine use with this regimen. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the regimen in patients with advanced ICC, and to identify predictors for treatment response and prognosis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors plus lenvatinib for advanced ICC between July 2017 and August 2022. The study endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety. Biomarker analysis for CA19-9 and PD-L1 expression was performed. Exploratory analysis for genetic alternation was conducted. RESULTS The study included 103 patients. It demonstrated a median PFS of 5.9 months and a median OS of 11.4 months. ORR was 18.4% and DCR was 80.6%. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 adverse events was 50.5%. Positive PD-L1 expression (TPS ≥ 1%) was associated with higher ORR (P = 0.013) and prolonged PFS (P = 0.023). Elevated CA19-9 (> 37 U/ml) was associated with decreased ORR (P = 0.019), poorer PFS (P = 0.005) and OS (P = 0.034). Patients with IDH1 mutations exhibited a favorable response to the treatment (P = 0.011), and patients with TP53 mutations tended to have worse OS (P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS PD-1 blockade plus lenvatinib is effective and safe in routine practice. PD-L1 expression and CA19-9 level appear to predict the treatment efficacy. IDH1 mutations might indicate a better treatment response. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03892577.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Chao
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chengpei Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Cong Ning
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xinmu Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jingnan Xue
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Longhao Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Mingjian Piao
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Nanjing, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China.
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El Jabbour T, Molnar A, Lagana SM. Challenges in Diagnosing and Reporting Cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:599-608. [PMID: 37536891 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a challenge to the practicing surgical pathologist for several reasons. It is rare in many parts of the world, and thus practical exposure may be limited. Related to the fact of its rarity is the fact that more common tumors which frequently metastasize to the liver can be morphologically indistinguishable (eg, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). Immunohistochemical testing is generally non-contributory in this context. Other difficulties arise from the protean morphologic manifestations of cholangiocarcinoma (ie, small duct vs. large duct) and the existence of combined cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. These, and other issues of concern to the practicing diagnostic pathologist are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Attila Molnar
- Mount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West, Department of Pathology, 1000 Tenth Avenue, First floor, Room G183, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Stephen M Lagana
- New York-Presbyterian /Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, 622 W168th St, Vc14-209, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Fang YZ, Jiang L, He Q, Cao J, Yang B. Commentary: Deubiquitination complex platform: a plausible mechanism for regulating the substrate specificity of deubiquitinating enzymes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [PMID: 37521861 PMCID: PMC10372820 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) or deubiquitinases facilitate the escape of multiple proteins from ubiquitin‒proteasome degradation and are critical for regulating protein expression levels in vivo. Therefore, dissecting the underlying mechanism of DUB recognition is needed to advance the development of drugs related to DUB signaling pathways. To data, extensive studies on the ubiquitin chain specificity of DUBs have been reported, but substrate protein recognition is still not clearly understood. As a breakthrough, the scaffolding role may be significant to substrate protein selectivity. From this perspective, we systematically characterized the scaffolding proteins and complexes contributing to DUB substrate selectivity. Furthermore, we proposed a deubiquitination complex platform (DCP) as a potentially generic mechanism for DUB substrate recognition based on known examples, which might fill the gaps in the understanding of DUB substrate specificity.
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5
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Testa U, Pelosi E, Castelli G. The clinical value of identifying genetic abnormalities that can be targeted in cholangiocarcinomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:147-162. [PMID: 36654529 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2170878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are a heterogenous group of epithelial malignancies originating at any level of the biliary tree and are subdivided according to their location into intrahepatic (iCCA) and extrahepatic (eCCA). AREAS COVERED This review provides an updated analysis of studies of genetic characterization of CCA at the level of gene mutation profiling, copy number alterations and gene expression, with definition of molecular subgroups and identification of some molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets. EXPERT OPINION With the development of genetic sequencing, several driver mutations have been identified and targeted as novel therapeutic approaches, including FGFR2, IDH1, BRAF, NTRK, HER2, ROS, and RET. Furthermore, identification of the cellular and molecular structure of the tumor microenvironment has contributed to the development of novel therapies, such as tumor immunotherapy. Combination therapies of chemotherapy plus targeted molecules or immunotherapy are under evaluation and offer the unique opportunity to improve the outcomes of CCA patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Integrative analysis of multiple genomic data from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma organoids enables tumor subtyping. Nat Commun 2023; 14:237. [PMID: 36646721 PMCID: PMC9842736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As genomic analysis technology has advanced, it has become possible to sub-classify intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) at the histological or molecular level. Here, we verify the recently suggested two subgroups of ICC in the organoids model, compare the characteristics between types. ICC patients are subclassified into small-duct (SD) and large-duct (LD) subtype according to histological characteristics. ICC organoids are established, and unsupervised principal component analysis clustering separates each type of ICC. Differential gene expression reveals enrichment on KRAS, TGFβ and ERBB2 signaling pathways in LD-type compared with SD-type (P < 0.05). Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrates that the cholangiocarcinoma class 2 signature, defined by Andersen et al., is enriched in the LD-type (enrichment Score = 2.19, P < 0.001). A protein-protein interaction network analysis identifies ZNF217 as a significant hub protein (odds ratio = 4.96, P = 0.0105). We perform prospective modeling of histological subtype using patient-derived organoids. Moreover, gene expression profiling of ICC organoids enables identification of type-specific targetable pathways.
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7
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Song F, Lu CL, Wang CG, Hu CW, Zhang Y, Wang TL, Han L, Chen Z. Uncovering the mechanism of Kang-ai injection for treating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro validation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1129709. [PMID: 36937833 PMCID: PMC10017963 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1129709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Kang-ai injection (KAI) has been a popular adjuvant treatment for solid tumors, but its anti-tumor mechanism in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains poorly understood. This study applied a network pharmacology-based approach to unveil KAI's anti-tumor activity, key targets, and potential pharmacological mechanism in ICC by integrating molecular docking and in vitro validation. Methods: The KAI-compound-target-ICC network was constructed to depict the connections between active KAI compounds and ICC-related targets based on the available data sources. The crucial ingredients, potential targets, and signaling pathways were screened using GO, KEGG enrichment analysis, and the PPI network. Molecular docking was performed to visualize the interactions between hub targets and components. In vitro experiments were carried out to validate the findings. Results: Among the 87 active components of KAI and 80 KAI-ICC-related targets, bioinformatics analysis identified quercetin as a possible candidate. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway might be essential in ICC pharmacotherapy. The PPI network and its sub-networks screened 10 core target genes, including AKT1 and IL1β. Molecular docking results showed stable binding between AKT1 and IL1β with KAI active ingredients. The in vitro experiments confirmed that KAI might suppress the proliferation of ICC cell lines by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, consistent with the network pharmacology approach and molecular docking predictions. Conclusion: The study sheds light on KAI's biological activity, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms in treating ICC and provides a promising strategy for understanding the scientific basis and therapeutic mechanisms of herbal treatments for ICC. This research has important implications for developing new, targeted therapies for ICC and highlights the importance of network pharmacology-based approaches in investigating complex herbal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chang-Liang Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng-Gui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen-Wei Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tian-Lun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lu Han
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong Chen,
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8
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Yang Y, Zhang X. An overview of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: from here to where? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1171098. [PMID: 37197436 PMCID: PMC10183586 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1171098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) contains perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and distal cholangiocarcinoma both of which can arise at any point of the biliary tree and originate from disparate anatomical sites. Generally, the incidence of eCCA is increasing globally. Though surgical resection is the principal treatment of choice for the early stages of eCCA, optimal survival remains restricted by the high risk of recurrence when most patients are present with unresectable disease or distant metastasis. Furthermore, both intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity make it laborious to determine molecularly targeted therapies. In this review, we mainly focused on current findings in the field of eCCA, mostly including epidemiology, genomic abnormalities, molecular pathogenesis, tumor microenvironment, and other details while a summary of the biological mechanisms driving eCCA may shed light on intricate tumorigenesis and feasible treatment strategies.
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A preliminary analysis of prognostic genes in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients with postoperative radiotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154229. [PMID: 36509010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has a high mortality rate, and the prognosis is poor. However, the underlying molecular biological mechanisms bringing about the development and progression of advanced LSCC are not entirely clarified. This study aimed to find out the potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis in advanced LSCC patients who had undergone postoperative radiotherapy alone. The next-generation sequencing of RNA was performed to detect the mRNAs expression profiling in 10 advanced LSCC samples, comprised of 5 samples from LSCC patients with favorable outcome and 5 samples from paired patients with poor outcome. Then bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were used to find out functional core genes that were significantly different between the two groups. 1630 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were confirmed to have significant differences between the two groups. 53 GO terms and 19 pathways which were closely related to the DEGs were identified. Finally, 52 intersection DEGs which were both related to the top three GO terms and pathways were identified. The expression of several core genes was confirmed with RT-qPCR in tissues from another 75 patients. RT-qPCR confirmed that the genes of c-JUN, LYN, PIK3R2, and TNFAIP3 were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups, which was in accordance with the RNA sequencing data. The DEGs identified above may be potential prognostic markers for advanced LSCC patients with postoperative radiotherapy, and may provide essential guidance for following-up.
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10
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Zhu P, Liu G, Wang X, Lu J, Zhou Y, Chen S, Gao Y, Wang C, Yu J, Sun Y, Zhou P. Transcription factor c-Jun modulates GLUT1 in glycolysis and breast cancer metastasis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1283. [PMID: 36476606 PMCID: PMC9730598 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main isoforms of membranous glucose transporters (GLUT), GLUT1 involves tumorigenesis, metastasis and prognosis in a variety of cancers. However, its role in breast cancer metastasis remains to be elucidated. Here we examined its transcriptional and survival data in patients with breast cancer from several independent databases including the Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Gene Expression across Normal and Tumor tissue, UALCAN, cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier Plotter and PROGgeneV2. We found that its mRNA expression was significantly high in cancer tissues, which was associated with metastasis and poor survival. Transcription factor c-Jun might bind to GLUT1 promoter to downregulate its gene expression or mRNA stability, therefore to suppress glycolysis and metastasis. By qRT-PCR, we verified that GLUT1 was significantly increased in 38 paired human breast cancer samples while JUN was decreased. Furthermore, the protein level of GLUT1 was higher in tumor than in normal tissues by IHC assay. To explore underlying pathways, we further performed GO and KEGG analysis of genes related to GLUT1 and JUN and found that GLUT1 was increased by transcription factor c-Jun in breast cancer tissues to influence glycolysis and breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology and Musculoskeletal Oncology of Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 270, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Guoping Liu
- grid.412987.10000 0004 0630 1330Department of General Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology and Musculoskeletal Oncology of Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 270, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yue Zhou
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology and Musculoskeletal Oncology of Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 270, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology and Musculoskeletal Oncology of Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 270, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yabiao Gao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology and Musculoskeletal Oncology of Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 270, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chaofu Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jerry Yu
- grid.266623.50000 0001 2113 1622Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Yangbai Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology and Musculoskeletal Oncology of Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 270, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ping Zhou
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology and Musculoskeletal Oncology of Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 270, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Caporali S, Butera A, Amelio I. BAP1 in cancer: epigenetic stability and genome integrity. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:117. [PMID: 36318367 PMCID: PMC9626716 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in BAP1 have been identified in a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome and in sporadic tumours. Individuals carrying familiar BAP1 monoallelic mutations display hypersusceptibility to exposure-associated cancers, such as asbestos-driven mesothelioma, thus BAP1 status has been postulated to participate in gene-environment interaction. Intriguingly, BAP1 functions display also a high degree of tissue dependency, associated to a peculiar cancer spectrum and cell types of specific functions. Mechanistically, BAP1 functions as an ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (UCH) and controls regulatory ubiquitination of histones as well as degradative ubiquitination of a range of protein substrates. In this article we provide an overview of the most relevant findings on BAP1, underpinning its tissue specific tumour suppressor function. We also discuss the importance of its epigenetic role versus the control of protein stability in the regulation of genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Caporali
- Chair for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Constance, Germany
| | - Alessio Butera
- Chair for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Constance, Germany
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Chair for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Constance, Germany.
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Molecular Profile and Prognostic Value of BAP1 Mutations in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Genomic Database Analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081247. [PMID: 36013199 PMCID: PMC9410256 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Recent years have witnessed the advent of molecular profiling for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), and new techniques have led to the identification of several molecular alterations. Precision oncology approaches have been widely evaluated and are currently under assessment, as shown by the recent development of a wide range of agents targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) 2, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH-1), and BRAF. However, several knowledge gaps persist in the understanding of the genomic landscape of this hepatobiliary malignancy. Methods. In the current study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze clinicopathological features of BAP1-mutated iCCA patients in public datasets to increase the current knowledge on the molecular and biological profile of iCCA. Results. The current database study, including 772 iCCAs, identified BAP1 mutations in 120 cases (15.7%). According to our analysis, no differences in terms of overall survival and relapse-free survival were observed between BAP1-mutated and BAP1 wild-type patients receiving radical surgery. In addition, IDH1, PBRM1, and ARID1A mutations were the most commonly co-altered genes in BAP1-mutated iCCAs. Conclusions. The genomic characterization of iCCA is destined to become increasingly important, and more efforts aimed to implement iCCA genomics analysis are warranted.
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Beri N. Unmet needs in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 gene rearrangements. Future Oncol 2022; 18:1391-1402. [PMID: 35081733 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a malignancy of the intrahepatic bile ducts, is the second most common primary liver malignancy and has been rising in incidence over the past several decades. Given its poor prognosis and diagnosis at a late stage, novel therapies are urgently needed to improve outcomes. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harbors a high rate of targetable mutations, spurring an increased interest in drug development in this disease. FGFR2 gene rearrangements occur in approximately 10-16% of these tumors and this underscores the importance of next generation sequencing in this population. There are now several FGFR inhibitors in development, and these agents may help improve outcomes for these patients. However, both primary and secondary resistance remain a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Beri
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
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14
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He K, Feng Y, An S, Liu F, Xiang G. Integrative epigenomic profiling reveal AP-1 is a key regulator in intrahepatich cholangiocarcinoma. Genomics 2021; 114:241-252. [PMID: 34942351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis while its mechanisms of pathogenesis remain elusive. In this study, we performed systemic epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling via MNase-seq, ChIP-seq and RNA-seq in normal cholangiocyte and ICC cell lines. We showed that active histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K4me1 and H3K27ac) were less enriched on cancer-related genes in ICC cell lines compared to control. The region of different histone modification patterns is enrichment in sites of AP-1 motif. Subsequent analysis showed that ICC had different nucleosome occupancy in differentially expressed genes compared to a normal cell line. Furthermore, we found that AP-1 plays a key role in ICC and regulates ICC-related genes through its AP-1 binding site. This study is the first report showing the global features of histone modification, transcript, and nucleosome profiles in ICC; we also show that the transcription factor AP-1 might be a key target gene in ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key laboratory of ministry of education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OX37LD, United Kingdom
| | - Sanqi An
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key laboratory of ministry of education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
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15
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Deubiquitinase JOSD2 stabilizes YAP/TAZ to promote cholangiocarcinoma progression. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:4008-4019. [PMID: 35024322 PMCID: PMC8727894 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has emerged as an intractable cancer with scanty therapeutic regimens. The aberrant activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are reported to be common in CCA patients. However, the underpinning mechanism remains poorly understood. Deubiquitinase (DUB) is regarded as a main orchestrator in maintaining protein homeostasis. Here, we identified Josephin domain-containing protein 2 (JOSD2) as an essential DUB of YAP/TAZ that sustained the protein level through cleavage of polyubiquitin chains in a deubiquitinase activity-dependent manner. The depletion of JOSD2 promoted YAP/TAZ proteasomal degradation and significantly impeded CCA proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis has highlighted the positive correlation between JOSD2 and YAP abundance in CCA patient samples. Collectively, this study uncovers the regulatory effects of JOSD2 on YAP/TAZ protein stabilities and profiles its contribution in CCA malignant progression, which may provide a potential intervention target for YAP/TAZ-related CCA patients.
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Key Words
- CCA, cholangiocarcinoma
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- DAB, 3,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride chromogen
- DUB, deubiquitinase
- Deubiquitinase
- FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor
- FOLFOX, folinic acid, 5-FU and oxaliplatin
- IDH1/2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- JOSD2
- KRAS, kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog
- LATS1/2, large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2
- MST1/2, mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1/2
- OTUB2, otubain-2
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDC, patient derived cell
- PDX, patient-derived xenograft
- RTV, relative tumor volume
- SRB, sulforhodamine B
- TAZ, transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- USP9X/10/47, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X/10/47
- YAP, Yes-associated protein
- YAP/TAZ
- YOD1, ubiquitin thioesterase OTU1
- rhJOSD2, recombinant human JOSD2
- shRNA, specific hairpin RNA
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16
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Song F, Chen FY, Wu SY, Hu B, Liang XL, Yang HQ, Cheng JW, Wang PX, Guo W, Zhou J, Fan J, Chen Z, Yang XR. Mucin 1 promotes tumor progression through activating WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:6937-6947. [PMID: 34729096 PMCID: PMC8558653 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Current treatment options for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are limited by the lack of understanding of the disease pathogenesis. It has been known that mucin 1 (MUC1) is a cell surface mucin that highly expressed in various cancer tissues. However, its role in ICC has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of MUC1 in ICC. Methods: qRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to examine MUC1 expression. RNA-Seq (RNA Sequencing) s conducted to explore the RNA expression. A tissue microarray study including 214 ICC cases was also conducted to evaluate the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of MUC1. The role and underlying mechanisms of MUC1 in regulating cell growth and invasion were further explored both in vitro and in vivo models. Results: The mRNA and protein levels of MUC1 were significantly up-regulated in ICC compared to paired non-tumor tissues. Depletion of MUC1 in HCCC9810 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and overexpression of MUC1 in RBE cells resulted in increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Both univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the protein expression of MUC1 was associated with overall survival and relapse-free survival after tumor resection. Clinically, high MUC1 expression was more commonly observed in aggressive tumors. Further studies indicated that MUC1 exerted its function through activating Wnt/ β-catenin pathway. Conclusions: Our data suggests that MUC1 promoted ICC progression via activating Wnt / β-catenin pathway. This study not only deciphered the role of MUC in ICC pathogenesis, but also shed light upon identifying novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Yu Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Sui-Yi Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Qin Yang
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210018, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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17
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Mergener S, Siveke JT, Peña-Llopis S. Monosomy 3 Is Linked to Resistance to MEK Inhibitors in Uveal Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136727. [PMID: 34201614 PMCID: PMC8269285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of MEK inhibitors in the therapy of uveal melanoma (UM) has been investigated widely but has failed to show benefits in clinical trials due to fast acquisition of resistance. In this study, we investigated a variety of therapeutic compounds in primary-derived uveal melanoma cell lines and found monosomy of chromosome 3 (M3) and mutations in BAP1 to be associated with higher resistance to MEK inhibition. However, reconstitution of BAP1 in a BAP1-deficient UM cell line was unable to restore sensitivity to MEK inhibition. We then compared UM tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with mutations in BAP1 with tumors with wild-type BAP1. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly differentiated both groups of tumors, which displayed disparate overall and progression-free survival data. Further analysis provided insight into differential expression of genes involved in signaling pathways, suggesting that the downregulation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A (EIF2A) observed in UM tumors with BAP1 mutations and M3 UM cell lines might lead to a decrease in ribosome biogenesis while inducing an adaptive response to stress. Taken together, our study links loss of chromosome 3 with decreased sensitivity to MEK inhibition and gives insight into possible related mechanisms, whose understanding is fundamental to overcome resistance in this aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Mergener
- Translational Genomics in Solid Tumors, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Samuel Peña-Llopis
- Translational Genomics in Solid Tumors, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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18
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Targeting FGFR inhibition in cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 95:102170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Zhao CX, Zeng CM, Wang K, He QJ, Yang B, Zhou FF, Zhu H. Ubiquitin-proteasome system-targeted therapy for uveal melanoma: what is the evidence? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:179-188. [PMID: 32601365 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare ocular tumor. The loss of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) and the aberrant activation of G protein subunit alpha q (GNAQ)/G protein subunit alpha 11 (GNA11) contribute to the frequent metastasis of UM. Thus far, limited molecular-targeted therapies have been developed for the clinical treatment of UM. However, an increasing number of studies have revealed the close relationship between the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the malignancy of UM. UPS consists of a three-enzyme cascade, i.e. ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s); ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s); and ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s), as well as 26S proteasome and deubiquitinases (DUBs), which work coordinately to dictate the fate of intracellular proteins through regulating ubiquitination, thus influencing cell viability. Due to the critical role of UPS in tumors, we here provide an overview of the crosstalk between UPS and the malignancy of UM, discuss the current UPS-targeted therapies in UM and highlight its potential in developing novel regimens for UM.
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20
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Kawasaki H, Akazawa Y, Razumilava N. Progress toward improving outcomes in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 19:153-168. [PMID: 33883870 PMCID: PMC8054970 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-021-00333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review: To provide an update on latest advances in treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Recent findings: Incidence of cholangiocarcinoma has been increasing over the past decade. A better understanding of the genetic landscape of cholangiocarcinoma and its risk factors resulted in earlier diagnosis and treatment option expansion to targeted therapy with FGFR inhibitors, and liver transplantation for early perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and early intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. IDH1/2 inhibition for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an emerging targeted therapy approach. Data supports benefits of adjuvant therapy for a subset of patients undergoing surgical resection. Approaches combining different treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy appear promising. Summary: Earlier diagnosis and genetic characterization provided additional treatment options for patients with previously incurable cholangiocarcinoma. A precision medicine approach with a focus on actionable genetic alterations and combination of treatment modalities are actively being explored and will further improve outcomes in our patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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21
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Roles and mechanisms of BAP1 deubiquitinase in tumor suppression. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:606-625. [PMID: 33462414 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BAP1 gene has emerged as a major tumor suppressor mutated with various frequencies in numerous human malignancies, including uveal melanoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and thymic epithelial tumors. BAP1 mutations are also observed at low frequency in other malignancies including breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and bladder cancers. BAP1 germline mutations are associated with high incidence of mesothelioma, uveal melanoma, and other cancers, defining the "BAP1 cancer syndrome." Interestingly, germline BAP1 mutations constitute an important paradigm for gene-environment interactions, as loss of BAP1 predisposes to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis. Inactivating mutations of BAP1 are also identified in sporadic cancers, denoting the importance of this gene for normal tissue homeostasis and tumor suppression, although some oncogenic properties have also been attributed to BAP1. BAP1 belongs to the deubiquitinase superfamily of enzymes, which are responsible for the maturation and turnover of ubiquitin as well as the reversal of substrate ubiquitination, thus regulating ubiquitin signaling. BAP1 is predominantly nuclear and interacts with several chromatin-associated factors, assembling multi-protein complexes with mutually exclusive partners. BAP1 exerts its function through highly regulated deubiquitination of its substrates. As such, BAP1 orchestrates chromatin-associated processes including gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA repair. BAP1 also exerts cytoplasmic functions, notably in regulating Ca2+ signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum. This DUB is also subjected to multiple post-translational modifications, notably phosphorylation and ubiquitination, indicating that several signaling pathways tightly regulate its function. Recent progress indicated that BAP1 plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes including cell proliferation and differentiation, cell metabolism, as well as cell survival and death. In this review, we summarize the biological and molecular functions of BAP1 and explain how the inactivation of this DUB might cause human cancers. We also highlight some of the unresolved questions and suggest potential new directions.
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22
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Jiao CY, Feng QC, Li CX, Wang D, Han S, Zhang YD, Jiang WJ, Chang J, Wang X, Li XC. BUB1B promotes extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via JNK/c-Jun pathways. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:63. [PMID: 33431813 PMCID: PMC7801618 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the controversy regarding the expression profile and function of BUB1B in different malignancies still exist. In this project, we aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of BUB1B in the progression of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). The expression levels of BUB1B in human ECC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time PCR. The role and mechanism of BUB1B in CCA cell proliferation and invasion were investigated in both in vitro and in vivo functional studies. To indicate the clinical significance, a tissue microarray was performed on 113 ECC patients, followed by univariate and multivariate analyses. The expression of BUB1B was increased in both human CCA tissues and CCA cells. Results from loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments suggested that the inhibition of BUB1B decreased the proliferation and invasiveness of CCA cells in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of BUB1B achieved the opposite effect. Furthermore, the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-c-Jun (JNK)-c-Jun pathway was regulated by BUB1B. BUB1B regulated the proliferation and invasiveness of CAA cells in a JNK-c-Jun-dependent manner. Clinically, ECC patients with BUB1B high expression had worse overall survival and recurrence-free survival than those with BUB1B low expression. Multivariate analysis identified that BUB1B was an independent predictor for postoperative recurrence and overall survival of ECC patients. In conclusion, BUB1B promoted ECC progression via JNK/c-Jun pathways. These findings suggested that BUB1B could be a potential therapeutic target and a biomarker for predicting prognosis for ECC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qin Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of surgery, JiangYuan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yao Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wang Jie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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23
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Jiang G, Zhang W, Wang T, Ding S, Shi X, Zhang S, Shi W, Liu A, Zheng S. Characteristics of genomic alterations in Chinese cholangiocarcinoma patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:1117-1125. [PMID: 32533190 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary malignancy, which is often diagnosed as advanced and inoperable due to the lack of effective biomarkers and poor sensitivity of clinical diagnosis. Here, we aimed to identify the genomic profile of CCA and provided molecular evidence for further biomarker development. METHODS The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and matching blood samples were sequenced by deep sequencing targeting 450 cancer genes and genomic alteration analysis was performed. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by an algorithm developed in-house. Correlation analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The most commonly altered genes in this cohort were TP53 (41.27%, 26/63), KRAS (31.75%, 20/63), ARID1A and IDH1 (15.87%, 10/63, for both), SMAD4 (14.29%, 9/63), FGFR2 and BAP1 (12.70%, 8/63, for both), and CDKN2A (11.11%, 7/63). BAP1 mutations were significantly correlated with the CCA subtype. LRP2 mutations were significantly associated with the younger intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) patients, while BAP1 was associated with iCCA patients aged 55-65 years old. BAP1 and LRP2 mutations were associated with TMB. CONCLUSIONS Most Chinese CCA patients were 50-70 years old. BAP1 and LRP2 mutations were associated with the age of iCCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Jiang
- The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wu Zhang
- The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Songming Ding
- The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | - Angen Liu
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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24
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Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma development in a patient with a novel BAP1 germline mutation and low exposure to asbestos. Cancer Genet 2020; 248-249:57-62. [PMID: 33093002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) germline mutations define a novel hereditary cancer syndrome, namely BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1-TPDS), characterized by an increased susceptibility to develop different cancer types, including mesothelioma, uveal and cutaneous melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. Currently, the role of BAP1 germline mutations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) pathogenesis is less known. Here we report the first clinical case of a female patient who developed an iCCA when she was 47-years-old and was found to carry a novel germline mutation at a splicing site of exon 4 in BAP1 gene (NM_004656.4: c.255_255+6del). An accurate anamnesis revealed the absence of risk factors linked to iCCA development, except for a low occupational exposure to asbestos. In tumor tissue, BAP1 sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and immunoistochemistry showed the loss of heterozygosity and lack of nuclear expression, suggesting that BAP1 wild-type allele and functional protein were lost in cancer cells, in line with the classical two-hit model of tumor suppressor genes. Further studies are needed to confirm whether iCCA may be included into BAP1-TPDS cancer phenotypes and whether minimal asbestos exposure may facilitate the development of this malignancy in individuals carrying BAP1 germline mutations.
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Santana LADM, Santana EMR, Albuquerque-Júnior RLCD, Takeshita WM, Braga Pereira N, Gomez RS, Gomes CC, de Sousa SF. Ameloblastoma shows nuclear BAP1 immunoexpression, independently of the BRAF V600E status. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1238-1242. [PMID: 32945606 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Núbia Braga Pereira
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Oral Surgery and Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cavaliéri Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Ferreira de Sousa
- Oral Surgery and Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Bekric D, Neureiter D, Ritter M, Jakab M, Gaisberger M, Pichler M, Kiesslich T, Mayr C. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Biliary Tract Cancer-An Up-to-Date Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041200. [PMID: 32331331 PMCID: PMC7231154 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The term long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) describes non protein-coding transcripts with a length greater than 200 base pairs. The ongoing discovery, characterization and functional categorization of lncRNAs has led to a better understanding of the involvement of lncRNAs in diverse biological and pathological processes including cancer. Aberrant expression of specific lncRNA species was demonstrated in various cancer types and associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics. Recent studies suggest that lncRNAs are also involved in the development and progression of biliary tract cancer, a rare disease with high mortality and limited therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize current findings regarding the manifold roles of lncRNAs in biliary tract cancer and give an overview of the clinical and molecular consequences of aberrant lncRNA expression as well as of underlying regulatory functions of selected lncRNA species in the context of biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Bekric
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.B.); (M.R.); (M.J.); (M.G.); (T.K.)
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Ritter
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.B.); (M.R.); (M.J.); (M.G.); (T.K.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Jakab
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.B.); (M.R.); (M.J.); (M.G.); (T.K.)
| | - Martin Gaisberger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.B.); (M.R.); (M.J.); (M.G.); (T.K.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.B.); (M.R.); (M.J.); (M.G.); (T.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Mayr
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.B.); (M.R.); (M.J.); (M.G.); (T.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Correspondence:
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27
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Functional analysis of deubiquitylating enzymes in tumorigenesis and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Moro A, Paredes AZ, Farooq A, Sahara K, Tsilimigras DI, Mehta R, Endo I, Guglielmi A, Aldrighetti L, Alexandrescu S, Marques HP, Shen F, Koerkamp BG, Sasaki K, Pawlik TM. Discordance in prediction of prognosis among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A preoperative vs postoperative perspective. J Surg Oncol 2019; 120:946-955. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amika Moro
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Anghela Z. Paredes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Ayesha Farooq
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Kota Sahara
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Diamantis I. Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Rittal Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Feng Shen
- Department of SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Bas G. Koerkamp
- Department of SurgeryErasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam Netherlands
| | - Kazunari Sasaki
- Department of General SurgeryCleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Ohio
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio
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29
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Fouassier L, Marzioni M, Afonso MB, Dooley S, Gaston K, Giannelli G, Rodrigues CMP, Lozano E, Mancarella S, Segatto O, Vaquero J, Marin JJG, Coulouarn C. Signalling networks in cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapies and drug resistance. Liver Int 2019; 39 Suppl 1:43-62. [PMID: 30903728 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a deadly disease. While surgery may attain cure in a minor fraction of cases, therapeutic options in either the adjuvant or advanced setting are limited. The possibility of advancing the efficacy of therapeutic approaches to CCA relies on understanding its molecular pathogenesis and developing rational therapies aimed at interfering with oncogenic signalling networks that drive and sustain cholangiocarcinogenesis. These efforts are complicated by the intricate biology of CCA, which integrates not only the driving force of tumour cell-intrinsic alterations at the genetic and epigenetic level but also pro-tumorigenic cues conveyed to CCA cells by different cell types present in the rich tumour stroma. Herein, we review our current understanding of the mechanistic bases underpinning the activation of major oncogenic pathways causative of CCA pathogenesis. We subsequently discuss how this knowledge is being exploited to implement rationale-based and genotype-matched therapeutic approaches that predictably will radically transform CCA clinical management in the next decade. We conclude by highlighting the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in CCA and reviewing innovative approaches to combat resistance at the preclinical and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti - University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Molecular Hepatology Section, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kevin Gaston
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisa Lozano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Unit of Oncogenomics and Epigenetics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Polytech., Univ. Paris-Sud, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, Inra, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France
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