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Wang T, Wang Y, Wang B, Su Y, Jiang T, Gan T, Zhao X. Fucoidan based Ce6-chloroquine self-assembled hydrogel as in situ vaccines to enhance tumor immunotherapy by autophagy inhibition and macrophage polarization. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 346:122637. [PMID: 39245502 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Tumor vaccines have become a promising approach for cancer treatment by triggering antigen-specific responses against tumors. However, autophagy and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reduce antigen exposure and immunogenicity, which limit the effect of tumor vaccines. Here, we develop fucoidan (Fuc) based chlorin e6 (Ce6)-chloroquine (CQ) self-assembly hydrogels (CCFG) as in situ vaccines. Ce6 triggers immune response in situ by photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect, which is further enhanced by macrophage polarization of Fuc and autophagy inhibition of CQ. In vivo studies show that CCFG effectively enhances antigen presentation under laser irradiation, which induces a powerful in situ vaccine effect and significantly inhibits tumor metastasis and recurrence. Our study provides a novel approach for enhancing tumor immunotherapy and inhibiting tumor recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanguo Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tianze Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tiantian Gan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China.
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2
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Lo HC, Lin TE, Lin CY, Wang WH, Chen YC, Tsai PH, Su JC, Lu MK, Hsu WH, Lin TY. Targeting TGFβ receptor-mediated snail and twist: WSG, a polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, and it-based dissolvable microneedle patch suppress melanoma cells. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122298. [PMID: 38876710 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a lethal skin cancer variant with pronounced aggressiveness and metastatic potential. However, few targeted medications inhibit the progression of melanoma. Ganoderma lucidum, which is a type of mushroom, is widely used as a non-toxic alternative adjunct therapy for cancer patients. This study determines the effect of WSG, which is a water-soluble glucan that is derived from G. lucidum, on melanoma cells. The results show that WSG inhibits cell viability and the mobility of melanoma cells. WSG induces changes in the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. WSG also downregulates EMT-related transcription factors, Snail and Twist. Signal transduction assays show that WSG reduces the protein levels in transforming growth factor β receptors (TGFβRs) and consequently inhibits the phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules, such as FAK, ERK1/2 and Smad2. An In vivo study shows that WSG suppresses melanoma growth in B16F10-bearing mice. To enhance transdermal drug delivery and prevent oxidation, two highly biocompatible compounds, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), are used to synthesize a dissolvable microneedle patch that is loaded with WSG (MN-WSG). A functional assay shows that MN-WSG has an effect that is comparable to that of WSG alone. These results show that WSG has significant potential as a therapeutic agent for melanoma treatment. MN-WSG may allow groundbreaking therapeutic approaches and offers a novel method for delivering this potent compound effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Lo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yu Lin
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsien Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Su
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Chinese Medicine Glycomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; LO-Sheng Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Chinese Medicine Glycomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Randeni N, Xu B. New insights into signaling pathways of cancer prevention effects of polysaccharides from edible and medicinal mushrooms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155875. [PMID: 39029136 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive efforts, empirical techniques have yielded limited progress in finding effective anticancer medications, with chemotherapy drugs often associated with drug resistance and serious side effects. Thus, there is a pressing need for novel agents with minimal adverse effects. Natural substances, widely used in treating various illnesses, including cancer, offer promising alternatives. Among these, mushrooms, rich in low molecular weight secondary metabolites, polysaccharides, and polysaccharide-protein complexes, have gained attention for their potential anticancer properties. RESULTS Mushroom polysaccharides have been found to impede oncogenesis and tumor metastasis by directly inhibiting tumor cell growth and indirectly enhancing immune system functions. These polysaccharides engage with numerous cell signaling pathways that influence cancer development and progression. They affect pathways that control cell survival, growth, and differentiation, and they also play a role in adjusting the tumor immune microenvironment. CONCLUSION This review highlights the potential of mushroom polysaccharides as promising anticancer agents due to their ability to modulate cell signaling pathways crucial for cancer development. Understanding the mechanisms underlying their effects on these pathways is essential for harnessing their therapeutic potential and developing novel strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidesha Randeni
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China; Department of Agricultural and Plantation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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4
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Kim H, Shin J, Lee Y, Jin B, Lee WW, Lee Y, Choi S, Han J, Ahn M, Kim J, Park D, Hong S, Kang S, Cho S. Zingiber officinale promotes autophagy and apoptosis in human oral cancer through the C/EBP homologous protein. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2701-2717. [PMID: 38888067 PMCID: PMC11309930 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The rhizome of Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale), commonly known as ginger, has been characterized as a potential drug candidate due to its antitumor effects. However, the chemotherapeutic effect of ginger on human oral cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of an ethanol extract of Z. officinale rhizomes (ZOE) on oral cancer and identified the components responsible for its pharmacological activity. ZOE exerts its inhibitory activity in oral cancer by inducing both autophagy and apoptosis simultaneously. Mechanistically, ZOE-induced autophagy and apoptosis in oral cancer are attributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Additionally, we identified two active components of ZOE, 1-dehydro-6-gingerdione and 8-shogaol, which were sufficient to stimulate autophagy initiation and apoptosis induction by enhancing CHOP expression. These results suggest that ZOE and its two active components induce ROS generation, upregulate CHOP, initiate autophagy and apoptosis, and hold promising therapeutics against human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Ji Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Ae Shin
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeong‐Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life ScienceKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Bohwan Jin
- Laboratory Animal CenterCHA UniversitySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Won Woo Lee
- Laboratory Animal CenterCHA UniversitySeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Yosub Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Su‐Jung Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Min Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Min‐Hye Ahn
- Chemical Biology Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Hoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Guk Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Se‐Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life ScienceKyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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5
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Wang D, Jiang J, Wang M, Li K, Liang H, Wang N, Liu W, Wang M, Zhou S, Zhang M, Xiao Y, Shen X, Li Z, Wu W, Lin X, Xiang X, Xie Q, Liu W, Zhou X, Tang Q, Zhou W, Yang L, Chuong CM, Lei M. Mitophagy Promotes Hair Regeneration by Activating Glutathione Metabolism. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0433. [PMID: 39091635 PMCID: PMC11292124 DOI: 10.34133/research.0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy maintains tissue homeostasis by self-eliminating defective mitochondria through autophagy. How mitophagy regulates stem cell activity during hair regeneration remains unclear. Here, we found that mitophagy promotes the proliferation of hair germ (HG) cells by regulating glutathione (GSH) metabolism. First, single-cell RNA sequencing, mitochondrial probe, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining showed stronger mitochondrial activity and increased mitophagy-related gene especially Prohibitin 2 (Phb2) expression at early-anagen HG compared to the telogen HG. Mitochondrial inner membrane receptor protein PHB2 binds to LC3 to initiate mitophagy. Second, molecular docking and functional studies revealed that PHB2-LC3 activates mitophagy to eliminate the damaged mitochondria in HG. RNA-seq, single-cell metabolism, immunofluorescence staining, and functional validation discovered that LC3 promotes GSH metabolism to supply energy for promoting HG proliferation. Third, transcriptomics analysis and immunofluorescence staining indicated that mitophagy was down-regulated in the aged compared to young-mouse HG. Activating mitophagy and GSH pathways through small-molecule administration can reactivate HG cell proliferation followed by hair regeneration in aged hair follicles. Our findings open up a new avenue for exploring autophagy that promotes hair regeneration and emphasizes the role of the self-elimination effect of mitophagy in controlling the proliferation of HG cells by regulating GSH metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ke Li
- Shenzhen Accompany Technology Cooperation, Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huan Liang
- Shenzhen Accompany Technology Cooperation, Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Nian’ou Wang
- Shenzhen Accompany Technology Cooperation, Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Siyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xinyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zeming Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Three Gorges Hospital,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Three Gorges Hospital,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Xiao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wanqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Cosmetology,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Qu Tang
- Three Gorges Hospital,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment,
Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering,
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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6
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Hassan AMIA, Zhao Y, Chen X, He C. Blockage of Autophagy for Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7459. [PMID: 39000565 PMCID: PMC11242824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer are increasing, making it a leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy face significant limitations due to therapeutic resistance. Autophagy, a cellular self-degradation mechanism, plays a crucial role in cancer development, drug resistance, and treatment. This review investigates the potential of autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. A systematic search was conducted on Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from 1967 to 2024 to identify studies on autophagy inhibitors and their mechanisms in cancer therapy. The review includes original articles utilizing in vitro and in vivo experimental methods, literature reviews, and clinical trials. Key terms used were "Autophagy", "Inhibitors", "Molecular mechanism", "Cancer therapy", and "Clinical trials". Autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have shown promise in preclinical studies by inhibiting lysosomal acidification and preventing autophagosome degradation. Other inhibitors like wortmannin and SAR405 target specific components of the autophagy pathway. Combining these inhibitors with chemotherapy has demonstrated enhanced efficacy, making cancer cells more susceptible to cytotoxic agents. Clinical trials involving CQ and HCQ have shown encouraging results, although further investigation is needed to optimize their use in cancer therapy. Autophagy exhibits a dual role in cancer, functioning as both a survival mechanism and a cell death pathway. Targeting autophagy presents a viable strategy for cancer therapy, particularly when integrated with existing treatments. However, the complexity of autophagy regulation and the potential side effects necessitate further research to develop precise and context-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China (X.C.)
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China (X.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China (X.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
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7
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Jiang T, Ma C, Chen H. Unraveling the ultrastructure and dynamics of autophagic vesicles: Insights from advanced imaging techniques. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:189-199. [PMID: 38974114 PMCID: PMC11226998 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2024-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular self-degradation process, is governed by a complex interplay of signaling pathways and interactions between proteins and organelles. Its fundamental purpose is to efficiently clear and recycle cellular components that are damaged or redundant. Central to this process are autophagic vesicles, specialized structures that encapsulate targeted cellular elements, playing a pivotal role in autophagy. Despite growing interest in the molecular components of autophagic machinery and their regulatory mechanisms, capturing the detailed ultrastructural dynamics of autophagosome formation continues to present significant challenges. However, recent advancements in microscopy, particularly in electron microscopy, have begun to illuminate the dynamic regulatory processes underpinning autophagy. This review endeavors to provide an exhaustive overview of contemporary research on the ultrastructure of autophagic processes. By synthesizing observations from diverse technological methodologies, this review seeks to deepen our understanding of the genesis of autophagic vesicles, their membrane origins, and the dynamic alterations that transpire during the autophagy process. The aim is to bridge gaps in current knowledge and foster a more comprehensive comprehension of this crucial cellular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongPR China
| | - Chaoye Ma
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongPR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongPR China
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, GMU‐GIBH Joint School of Life ScienceGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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8
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Li W, Zhou Q, Lv B, Li N, Bian X, Chen L, Kong M, Shen Y, Zheng W, Zhang J, Luo F, Luo Z, Liu J, Wu JL. Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Supplementation Significantly Activates T-Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity and Enhances Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12072-12082. [PMID: 38750669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a prebiotic with immunomodulatory effects. However, the therapeutic potential of GLP in tumor immunotherapy has not been fully explored, especially in T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. In this study, we found that GLP significantly inhibited tumor growth and activated antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the spleens and tumor tissues, the proportion of cytotoxic CD8+T cells and Th1 helper cells increased, while immunosuppressive Tregs decreased. Additionally, microbiota dysbiosis was alleviated by GLP, and short-chain fatty acid production was increased. Meanwhile, GLP decreased the ratio of kynurenine and tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) in the serum, which contributed to antitumor immunity of T cells. More importantly, the combination of GLP and the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody further enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Thus, GLP as a prebiotic has the potential to be used in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Mingjia Kong
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuru Shen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wanwei Zheng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhongguang Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China
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9
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Qi G, Hao L, Xin T, Gan Y, Lou Q, Xu W, Song J. Analysis of Whole-Genome facilitates rapid and precise identification of fungal species. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1336143. [PMID: 38500585 PMCID: PMC10946254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1336143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal identification is a cornerstone of fungal research, yet traditional molecular methods struggle with rapid and accurate onsite identification, especially for closely related species. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a universal identification method called Analysis of whole GEnome (AGE). AGE includes two key steps: bioinformatics analysis and experimental practice. Bioinformatics analysis screens candidate target sequences named Targets within the genome of the fungal species and determines specific Targets by comparing them with the genomes of other species. Then, experimental practice using sequencing or non-sequencing technologies would confirm the results of bioinformatics analysis. Accordingly, AGE obtained more than 1,000,000 qualified Targets for each of the 13 fungal species within the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Next, the sequencing and genome editing system validated the ultra-specific performance of the specific Targets; especially noteworthy is the first-time demonstration of the identification potential of sequences from unannotated genomic regions. Furthermore, by combining rapid isothermal amplification and phosphorothioate-modified primers with the option of an instrument-free visual fluorescence method, AGE can achieve qualitative species identification within 30 min using a single-tube test. More importantly, AGE holds significant potential for identifying closely related species and differentiating traditional Chinese medicines from their adulterants, especially in the precise detection of contaminants. In summary, AGE opens the door for the development of whole-genome-based fungal species identification while also providing guidance for its application in plant and animal kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Qi
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Hao
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Xin
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Gan
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lou
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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10
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Zou Y, Wang S, Zhang H, Gu Y, Chen H, Huang Z, Yang F, Li W, Chen C, Men L, Tian Q, Xie T. The triangular relationship between traditional Chinese medicines, intestinal flora, and colorectal cancer. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:539-567. [PMID: 37661373 DOI: 10.1002/med.21989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, colorectal cancer has reported a higher incidence in younger adults and a lower mortality rate. Recently, the influence of the intestinal flora in the initiation, progression, and treatment of colorectal cancer has been extensively studied, as well as their positive therapeutic impact on inflammation and the cancer microenvironment. Historically, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of colorectal cancer via promoted cancer cell apoptosis, inhibited cancer metastasis, and reduced drug resistance and side effects. The present research is more on the effect of either herbal medicine or intestinal flora on colorectal cancer. The interactions between TCM and intestinal flora are bidirectional and the combined impacts of TCM and gut microbiota in the treatment of colon cancer should not be neglected. Therefore, this review discusses the role of intestinal bacteria in the progression and treatment of colorectal cancer by inhibiting carcinogenesis, participating in therapy, and assisting in healing. Then the complex anticolon cancer effects of different kinds of TCM monomers, TCM drug pairs, and traditional Chinese prescriptions embodied in apoptosis, metastasis, immune suppression, and drug resistance are summarized separately. In addition, the interaction between TCM and intestinal flora and the combined effect on cancer treatment were analyzed. This review provides a mechanistic reference for the application of TCM and intestinal flora in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer and paves the way for the combined development and application of microbiome and TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxin Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianhui Men
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingchang Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Luo L, Feng F, Zhong A, Guo N, He J, Li C. The advancement of polysaccharides in disease modulation: Multifaceted regulation of programmed cell death. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129669. [PMID: 38272424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD), also known as regulatory cell death (RCD), is a process that occurs in all organisms and is closely linked to both normal physiological processes and disease states. Various signaling pathways, such as TP53, KRAS, NOTCH, hypoxia, and metabolic reprogramming, have been found to regulate RCD. Polysaccharides, which are essential natural products, have been the subject of extensive research in the fields of food, nutrition, and medicine due to their wide range of pharmacological effects. Studies have shown that polysaccharides have biological activities and the potential to target signal transduction pathways for the treatment of diseases. This paper provides a review of the mechanisms through which polysaccharides exert their therapeutic effects at different levels and explores the relationship between different types of RCD and human diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical use and application of polysaccharide bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine. Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Fuhai Feng
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Ai Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Nuoqing Guo
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiake He
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenying Li
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
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12
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Huang D, Shen S, Zhuang Q, Ye X, Qian Y, Dong Z, Wan X. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide ameliorates cholesterol gallstone formation by modulating cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in an FXR-dependent manner. Chin Med 2024; 19:16. [PMID: 38268006 PMCID: PMC10809463 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol gallstone (CG) disease is a worldwide common disease characterized by cholesterol supersaturation in gallbladder bile. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) has been shown to possess various beneficial effects against metabolic disorders. However, the role and underlying mechanism of GLP in CG formation are still unknown. This study aimed to determine the role of GLP in ameliorating lithogenic diet (LD)-induced CG formation. METHODS Mice were fed either a normal chow diet, a LD, or LD supplemented with GLP. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid (BA) metabolism. The BA concentrations in the ileum were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The microbiota in cecal contents were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing. RESULTS GLP effectively alleviated CG formation induced by LD. Specifically, GLP reduced the total cholesterol (TC) levels, increased the total BA levels, and decreased the cholesterol saturation index (CSI) in gallbladder bile. The protective effect of GLP was attributed to the inhibition of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling, increased hepatic BA synthesis and decreased hepatic cholesterol synthesis and secretion. GLP also altered the BA composition in the ileum, reducing FXR-agonistic BAs and increasing FXR-antagonistic BAs, which may contribute to the inhibition of intestinal FXR signaling. Additionally, GLP improved dysbiosis of the intestinal flora and reduced the serum levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a bacterial metabolite that can induce hepatic FXR, thereby inhibiting hepatic FXR signaling. Moreover, the protective effect of GLP against CG formation could be reversed by both the global and gut-restricted FXR agonists. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, GLP ameliorates CG formation by regulating cholesterol and BA metabolism in an FXR-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates that GLP may be a potential strategy for the prevention against CG disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yueqin Qian
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhixia Dong
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Jeong YJ, Yu MH, Cho Y, Jo MY, Song KH, Choi YH, Kwon TK, Kwak JY, Chang YC. Rg3-enriched red ginseng extracts enhance apoptosis in CoCl 2-stimulated breast cancer cells by suppressing autophagy. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:31-39. [PMID: 38223822 PMCID: PMC10785261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rg3, a primary bioactive component of red ginseng, has anti-cancer effects. However, the effects of Rg3-enriched ginseng extract (Rg3RGE) on apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer have not yet been investigated. In the present study, we explored the anti-tumor effects of Rg3RGE on breast cancer cells stimulated CoCl2, a mimetic of the chronic hypoxic response, and determined the operative mechanisms of action. Methods The inhibitory mechanisms of Rg3RGE on breast cancer cells, such as apoptosis, autophagy and ROS levels, were detected both in vitro. To determine the anti-cancer effects of Rg3RGE in vivo, the cancer xenograft model was used. Results Rg3RGE suppressed CoCl2-induced spheroid formation and cell viability in 3D culture of breast cancer cells. Rg3RGE promoted apoptosis by increasing cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP and decreasing Bcl2 under the hypoxia mimetic conditions. Further, we identified that Rg3RGE promoted apoptosis by inhibiting lysosomal degradation of autophagosome contents in CoCl2-induced autophagy. We further identified that Rg3RGE-induced apoptotic cell death and autophagy inhibition was mediated by increased intracellular ROS levels. Similarly, in the in vivo xenograft model, Rg3RGE induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation and autophagy. Conclusion Rg3RGE-stimulated ROS production promotes apoptosis and inhibits protective autophagy under hypoxic conditions. Autophagosome accumulation is critical to the apoptotic effects of Rg3RGE. The in vivo findings also demonstrate that Rg3RGE inhibits breast cancer cell growth, suggesting that Rg3RGE has potential as potential as a putative breast cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Yu
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Cho
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Jo
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Z, Jiang X, Li K, Qiao S, Li M, Mei Y, Ding L, Lv Q, Ding Y, Zhao Y, Lv G, Tan G, Yang H, Li G, Gao X, Liu M. KLF7 promotes colon adenocarcinoma progression through the PDGFB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:387-402. [PMID: 38164176 PMCID: PMC10750276 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the most common malignancy of the digestive tract, which is characterized by a dismal prognosis. No effective treatment has been established presently, thus there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms driving COAD progression in order to develop effective therapeutic approaches and enhance clinical outcomes. In this study, we found that KLF7 is overexpressed in COAD tissues and correlated with clinicopathological features of COAD. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments have unequivocally demonstrated that overexpression of KLF7 promotes the growth and metastasis of COAD in vitro and in vivo, while KLF7 knockdown attenuated these effects. Mechanistically, our findings reveal that KLF7 can specifically bind to the promoter region of PDGFB (TGGGTGGAG), thus promoting the transcription of PDGFB and increasing its secretion. Subsequently, secreted PDGFB facilitates the progression of COAD by activating MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways through PDGFRβ. Additionally, we found that sunitinib can block PDGFB signaling and inhibit COAD progression, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for COAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150001, China
- Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaochen Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Editorial Board of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shupei Qiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Children Development and Genetic Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150001, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yu Mei
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lixian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150001, China
- Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150001, China
- Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yike Ding
- St John's College William Nicholls Drive, Old St Mellons, Cardiff, CF35YX, United Kingdom
| | - Yunhan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Guixiang Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150001, China
- Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Huanjie Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150001, China
- Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150001, China
- Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
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15
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Gao X, Homayoonfal M. Exploring the anti-cancer potential of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) and their versatile role in enhancing drug delivery systems: a multifaceted approach to combat cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:324. [PMID: 38104078 PMCID: PMC10724890 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing global interest in the potential health benefits of edible natural bioactive products in recent years. Ganoderma lucidum, a medicinal mushroom, has gained attention for its decadent array of therapeutic and pharmaceutical compounds. Notably, G. lucidum exhibits significant anti-cancer effects against various cancer types. Polysaccharides, a prominent component in G. lucidum, are pivotal in conferring its diverse biological and medicinal properties. The primary focus of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer activities of G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs), with particular attention to their potential to mitigate chemotherapy-associated toxicity and enhance targeted drug delivery. Our findings reveal that GLPs exhibit anti-cancer effects through diverse mechanisms, including cytotoxicity, antioxidative properties, apoptosis induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and anti-proliferative effects. Furthermore, the potential of GLPs-based nanoparticles (NPs) as delivery vehicles for bioactive constituents was explored. These GLPs-based NPs are designed to target various cancer tissues, enhancing the biological activity of encapsulated compounds. As such, GLPs derived from G. lucidum represent a promising avenue for inhibiting cancer progression, minimizing chemotherapy-related side effects, and supporting their utilization in combination therapies as natural adjuncts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Life Science, Lyuliang University, Lyuliang, 033001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. of Iran.
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16
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Hyla K, Jama D, Grzywacz A, Janek T. Evaluation of the Antitumor Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17237. [PMID: 38139066 PMCID: PMC10743841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium surfactants, due to their diverse chemical structure and their biological properties, can be used in medicine as DNA carriers, disinfectants, and antimicrobial and antitumor agents. In this study, using melanoma A375, colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells, we tested the hypothesis that the quaternary ammonium surfactants 2-dodecanoyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium bromide (DMM-11), 2-dodecanoyloxypropyl)trimethylammonium bromide (DMPM-11) and 2-pentadecanoyloxymethyl)trimethylammonium bromide (DMGM-14) act selectively against cancer cells. The results showed that these compounds led to the initiation of the apoptotic process of programmed cell death, as evidenced by the ratio of the relative expression of Bax protein to Bcl-2. The encapsulation of surfactants in liposomes allowed lower concentrations to be used. Moreover, encapsulation reduced their toxicity towards non-cancerous cells. The anticancer efficiency and apoptotic effect of the liposomal formulations with surfactants (DMM-11, DMPM-11 and DMGM-14) were higher than those of surfactant-free liposomes. Therefore, quaternary ammonium surfactant-loaded liposomes show significant potential as delivery vehicles for the treatment of melanoma and colon cancers. The use of nano-formulations offers the advantage of optimizing quaternary ammonium surfactant delivery for improved anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomasz Janek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (K.H.); (D.J.); (A.G.)
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Sharif Swallah M, Bondzie-Quaye P, Wang H, Shao CS, Hua P, Alrasheed Bashir M, Benjamin Holman J, Sossah FL, Huang Q. Potentialities of Ganoderma lucidum extracts as functional ingredients in food formulation. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113161. [PMID: 37689913 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the recognized therapeutic characteristics of G. lucidum, it is one of the most extensively researched mushrooms as a chemopreventive agent and as a functional food. It is a known wood-degrading basidiomycete possessing numerous pharmacological functions and is termed a natural pharmacy store due to its rich number of active compounds which have proved to portray numerous therapeutic properties. This current review highlights studies on the potentialities of G. lucidum extracts as functional ingredients on organoleptic and nutritional properties of food products (e.g., dairy, wine, beverage, bakery, meat, and other products). In addition, the study delved into various aspects of encapsulated G. lucidum extracts, their morphological and rheological characteristics, prebiotic and immunomodulatory importance, the effects on apoptosis, autophagy, cancer therapy, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, antioxidant activities, and safety concerns. These findings have significant implications for the development of new products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. On the other hand, the various active compounds extracted from G. lucidum exhibited no toxic or adverse effects, and the appeal for it as a dietary food, natural remedy, and health-fortifying food is drastically increasing as well as attracting the interest of both the industrial and scientific communities. Furthermore, the formation of functional foods based on G. lucidum appears to have actual promise and exciting prospects in nutrition, food, and pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Precious Bondzie-Quaye
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Shao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Pei Hua
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mona Alrasheed Bashir
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Joseph Benjamin Holman
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Frederick Leo Sossah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Oil Palm Research Institute, Coconut Research Programme, P.O. Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Thuy NHL, Tu VL, Thu LNA, Giang TT, Huyen DTK, Loc DH, Tam DNH, Phat NT, Huynh HH, Truyen TTTT, Nguyen QH, Do U, Nguyen D, Dat TV, Minh LHN. Pharmacological Activities and Safety of Ganoderma lucidum Spores: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44574. [PMID: 37790044 PMCID: PMC10545004 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is traditionally used to prevent and treat some diseases such as liver disorders, hypertension, insomnia, diabetes, and cancer. G. lucidum spore extracts are also reported to share similar bioactivities as extracts from its other parts. However, there is no systematic review that elucidates its pharmacological effect. Our aim is to comprehensively summarise current evidence of G. lucidum spore extracts to clarify its benefits to be applied in further studies. We searched five primary databases: PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Global Health Library (GHL), System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE), and Google Scholar on September 13, 2021. Articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A manual search was applied to find more relevant articles. Ninety studies that reported the pharmacological effects and/or safety of G. lucidum spores were included in this review. The review found that G. lucidum spore extracts showed quite similar effects as other parts of this medicinal plant including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, and immunomodulation. G. lucidum sporoderm-broken extract demonstrated higher efficiency than unbroken spore extract. G. lucidum extracts also showed their effects on some genes responsible for the body's metabolism, which implied the benefits in metabolic diseases. The safety of G. lucidum should be investigated in depth as high doses of the extract could increase levels of cancer antigen (CA)72-4, despite no harmful effect shown on body organs. Generally, there is a lot of potential in the studies of compounds with pharmacological effects and new treatments. Sporoderm breaking technique could contribute to the production of extracts with more effective prevention and treatment of diseases. High doses of G. lucidum spore extract should be used with caution as there was a concern about the increase in CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huu Lac Thuy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
| | - Vo Linh Tu
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
| | - Le Nguyen Anh Thu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
| | - Tran Thanh Giang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA
| | - Dao Tang Khanh Huyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
| | - Duong Hoang Loc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
| | - Dao Ngoc Hien Tam
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, Asia Shine Trading & Service Company Ltd, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
| | - Nguyen Tuan Phat
- Faculty of Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, VNM
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Methodist Hospital Southlake, Merrillville, USA
| | - Hong-Han Huynh
- International Master Program for Translational Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TWN
| | | | - Quang-Hien Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Methodist Hospital Southlake, Merrillville, USA
| | - Uyen Do
- Science Department, Lone Star College, Houston, USA
| | - Dang Nguyen
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Truong Van Dat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, VNM
| | - Le Huu Nhat Minh
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TWN
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TWN
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Li W, Yang Z, Ding L, Wang Y, Zhao X, Chu JJ, Ji Q, Yao M, Wang J. A novel 4-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-ylthio)pyrimidine derivative inhibits cell proliferation by suppressing the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:489-502. [PMID: 37708962 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of malignant cancers worldwide. Although molecularly targeted therapies have significantly improved treatment outcomes, most of these target inhibitors are resistant. Novel inhibitors as potential anticancer drug candidates are still needed to be discovered. Therefore, in the present study, we synthesized a novel 4-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-ylthio)pyrimidine derivative (compound 4) using fragment- and structure-based techniques and then investigated the anticancer effect and underlying mechanism of anti-CRC. The results revealed that compound 4 significantly inhibited HCT116 cell proliferation with IC 50 values of 8.04 ± 0.94 µmol L-1 after 48 h and 5.52 ± 0.42 µmol L-1 after 72 h, respectively. Compound 4 also inhibited colony formation, migration, and invasion of HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner, as well as inducing cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. In addition, compound 4 was able to inhibit the activation of the MEK/ERK signaling in HCT116 cells. And compound 4 yielded the same effects as the MEK inhibitor U0126 on cell apoptosis and MEK/ERK-related proteins. These findings suggested that compound 4 inhi bited cell proliferation and growth, and induced cell apoptosis, indicating its use as a novel and potent anticancer agent against CRC via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Zhifu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Likun Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Jian Jie Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Minna Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
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Ye T, Ge Y, Jiang X, Song H, Peng C, Liu B. A review of anti-tumour effects of Ganoderma lucidum in gastrointestinal cancer. Chin Med 2023; 18:107. [PMID: 37641070 PMCID: PMC10463474 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is the most common cancer in the world and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. Clinically, surgical excision and chemotherapy are the main treatment methods for GI cancer, which is unfortunately accompanied with serious adverse reactions and drug toxicity, bringing irreversible damage to patients and seriously affecting the quality of life. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has a long history of medicinal and edible use in China. Its bioactive compounds mainly include polysaccharides, triterpenes, and proteins, which have potential anti-tumor activities by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis, and regulating autophagy. Currently, there is no in-depth review on the anti-tumor effect of G. lucidum in GI cancer. Therefore, this review is an attempt to compile the basic characteristics, anti-GI caner mechanisms, and clinical application of G. lucidum, aiming to provide a reference for further research on the role of G. lucidum in the prevention and treatment of GI cancer from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yang Ge
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- Department of Technology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Can Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Cancer Research Centre, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China.
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21
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Shi X, Li H, Dan Z, Shu C, Zhu R, Yang Q, Wang Y, Zhu H. Melatonin Potentiates Sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil in Gastric Cancer Cells by Upregulating Autophagy and Downregulating Myosin Light-Chain Kinase. J Cancer 2023; 14:2608-2618. [PMID: 37779875 PMCID: PMC10539390 DOI: 10.7150/jca.85353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil is an effective chemotherapeutic drug for gastric cancer. However, the acquisition of chemotherapeutic resistance remains a challenge in treatment. Melatonin can enhance the therapeutic effect of 5-fluorouracil; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the effects of combinations of melatonin and 5-fluorouracil on the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Melatonin significantly potentiated the 5-fluorouracil-mediated inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells, which potentiates sensitivity to 5-FU by promoting the activation of Beclin-1-dependent autophagy and targeting the myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) signaling pathway. Previous studies have shown that autophagy might be associated with the MLCK signaling pathway. The autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, effectively rescued the migratory and invasive capabilities of gastric cancer cells, while also reducing expression level of MLCK and the phosphorylation level of MLC. This indicates that autophagy is involved in tumor metastasis, which may be related to inhibition of the MLCK signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that melatonin can improve the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer and could be used as a supplemental agent in the treatment of gastric cancer with 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhangyong Dan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chuanlin Shu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rumeng Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qingling Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Liu H, Wei S, Shi L, Tan H. Preparation, structural characterization, and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Psidium guajava: A review. Food Chem 2023; 411:135423. [PMID: 36652884 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Psidium guajava L. is one of the most pivotal members belong to the Myrtaceae family, and it is an important tropical fruit with highly nutritional, healthy, and pharmacological values prevailing in worldwide for decades. The polysaccharides of P. guajava (PGPs) are served as one of the most active constituents, which possess a variety of biofunctionalities including anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheic, antihypertension, and antidiabetic properties. Hence, a systematic review aimed to comprehensively summarize the recent research advances of PGPs is necessary for facilitating their better understanding. The present review discussed current research progress on the PGPs, including extraction and purification methods, structural features, biological activities, and potential pharmacological mechanism. In addition, this review may also provide some valuable insights for further development and potential value in affording functionally useful agents in food industry or therapeutically effective medicine in the fields of P. guajava polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haibo Tan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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23
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Chen Q, Liao Y, Liu Y, Song Y, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Li A, Zheng M, Chen X, Zhao T, Gu J, Tan Y, Liu X, Jiang Y, Wang K, Yi H, Xiao J, Hu S. Identification of Fangjihuangqi Decoction as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor with an adjuvant anti-tumor effect against non-small cell lung cancer. Chin Med 2023; 18:68. [PMID: 37287052 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, although chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods of treating tumors, chemotherapeutic drugs can induce autophagic flux and increase tumor cell resistance, leading to drug tolerance. Therefore, theoretically, inhibiting autophagy may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. The discovery of autophagy regulators and their potential application as adjuvant anti-cancer drugs is of substantial importance. In this study, we clarified that Fangjihuangqi Decoction (FJHQ, traditional Chinese medicine) is an autophagy inhibitor, which can synergistically enhance the effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. METHODS We observed the changes of autophagy level in NSCLC cells under the effect of FJHQ, and verified the level of the autophagy marker protein and cathepsin. Apoptosis was detected after the combination of FJHQ with cisplatin or paclitaxel, and NAC (ROS scavenger) was further used to verify the activation of ROS-MAPK pathway by FJHQ. RESULTS We observed that FJHQ induced autophagosomes in NSCLC cells and increased the levels of P62 and LC3-II protein expression in a concentration- and time-gradient-dependent manner, indicating that autophagic flux was inhibited. Co-localization experiments further showed that while FJHQ did not inhibit autophagosome and lysosome fusion, it affected the maturation of cathepsin and thus inhibited the autophagic pathway. Finally, we found that the combination of FJHQ with cisplatin or paclitaxel increased the apoptosis rate of NSCLC cells, due to increased ROS accumulation and further activation of the ROS-MAPK pathway. This synergistic effect could be reversed by NAC. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results demonstrate that FJHQ is a novel late-stage autophagy inhibitor that can amplify the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel against NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiugu Chen
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Song
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junbo Jiang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengyi Zheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tingxiu Zhao
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangyong Gu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuhui Tan
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, SAR, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Yi
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jianyong Xiao
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shan Hu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Kou F, Ge Y, Wang W, Mei Y, Cao L, Wei X, Xiao H, Wu X. A review of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides: Health benefit, structure-activity relationship, modification, and nanoparticle encapsulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125199. [PMID: 37285888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides possess unique functional properties. Various processing technologies have been used to produce and modify G. lucidum polysaccharides to improve their yield and utilization. In this review, the structure and health benefits were summarized, and the factors that may affect the quality of G. lucidum polysaccharides were discussed, including the use of chemical modifications such as sulfation, carboxymethylation, and selenization. Those modifications improve the physicochemical characteristics and utilization of G. lucidum polysaccharides, and make them more stable that could be used as functional biomaterials to encapsulate active substances. Ultimate, G. lucidum polysaccharide-based nanoparticles were designed to deliver various functional ingredients to achieve better health-promoting effects. Overall, this review presents an in-depth summary of current modification strategies and offers new insights into the effective processing techniques to develop G. lucidum polysaccharide-rich functional foods or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Kou
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Yunfei Ge
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Weihao Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yuxia Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longkui Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
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25
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Antunes de Mendonça DE, Franco de Godoy MA, Lucredi NC, Comar JF, Almeida IV, Pimenta Vicentini VE. Toxicogenic effects of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum on human liver and kidney tumor cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116226. [PMID: 36739926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., a bioactive mushroom with medicinal properties, is known to exert immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and hepatoprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the effects of the G. lucidum fruiting body dry extract (GLE) on human liver (HepG2/C3A) and kidney (786-O) tumor cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT-based cytotoxicity, trypan blue-based cell viability, comet, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assays were performed, and the production of reactive oxygen species was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS GLE was toxic to the tumor cells, decreasing their viability by increasing their production of reactive oxygen species and inducing damage to their DNA. By contrast, only high concentrations of GLE were toxic to lymphocytes and decreased their viability, whereas low concentrations increased lymphocyte viability. Moreover, primary DNA damage was induced by GLE only at the highest concentration tested. CONCLUSIONS G. lucidum shows potential antitumor effects against cancerous kidney and liver cells, exhibiting cytotoxic and genotoxic activity at low concentrations, whereas the same effects in lymphocytes are mediated only at high concentrations. This mushroom has the potential to be biotechnologically developed into a therapeutic agent for diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Igor Vivian Almeida
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Environmental Toxicogenomics Research Group. Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil.
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26
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Zhang JJ, Hu RY, Chen KC, Liu YB, Hou YY, Zhang YZ, Feng ZM, Chen RX, Zheng YN, Liu S, Li W. 20(S)-protopanaxatriol inhibited D-galactose-induced brain aging in mice via promoting mitochondrial autophagy flow. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 37037488 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have confirmed that saponins (ginsenosides) derived from Panax ginseng. C. A. Meyer exerted obvious memory-enhancing and antiaging effects, and the simpler the structure of ginsenosides, the better the biological activity. In this work, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and underlying molecular mechanism of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT), the aglycone of panaxatriol-type ginsenosides, by establishing D-galactose (D-gal)-induced subacute brain aging model in mice. The results showed that PPT treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks could significantly restore the D-gal (800 mg/kg for 8 weeks)-induced impaired memory function, choline dysfunction, and redox system imbalance in mice. Meanwhile, PPT also significantly reduced the histopathological changes caused by D-gal exposure. Moreover, PPT could increase TFEB/LAMP2 protein expression to promote mitochondrial autophagic flow. Importantly, the results from molecular docking showed that PPT had good binding ability with LAMP2 and TFEB, suggesting that TFEB/LAMP2 might play an important role in PPT to alleviate D-gal-caused brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Rui-Yi Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Chen
- Looking Up Starry Sky Medical Research Center, Siping, 136001, China
| | - Yong-Bo Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yun-Yi Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Zhuo Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zi-Meng Feng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ri-Xin Chen
- Looking Up Starry Sky Medical Research Center, Siping, 136001, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Goldenwell Biotechnology, Inc., Reno, Nevada, 89501, USA
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, 130118, China
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Huang Y, Li S, He S, Li Y, He Q, Wu Y. Chlamydia psittaci inclusion membrane protein CPSIT_0842 induces macrophage apoptosis through MAPK/ERK-mediated autophagy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 157:106376. [PMID: 36716815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is a multi-host zoonotic pathogen, which mainly infects poultry and inflicts an appreciable economic burden on the livestock farming industry. C. psittaci inclusion membrane proteins are uniquely positioned at the host-pathogen interface and are important virulence proteins. We have previously confirmed that Incs regulate host cell survival to help Chlamydia sp. evade host-cell-mediated defense mechanisms. However, the role of the Inc, CPSIT_0842, in the regulation of cell death following the establishment of persistent C. psittaci infection remains unknown. This study explored the effect of CPSIT_0842 on the crosstalk between the autophagic and apoptotic pathways in macrophages. Results showed that CPSIT_0842 initiated autophagy and blocked autophagic flux in human macrophages, as indicated by autophagy-related protein LC3-II, Beclin-1, and p62 upregulation, autophagosome accumulation, and lysosomal protein LAMP1 diminution. We also showed that the disruption of autophagic flux had a regulatory effect on CPSIT_0842-induced apoptosis. Moreover, the suppression of autophagy initiation by 3-methyladenine attenuated CPSIT_0842-induced apoptosis. By contrast, the induction of autophagic flux by rapamycin did not significantly affect CPSIT_0842-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that CPSIT_0842 induced macrophage apoptosis by initiating incomplete autophagy through the MAPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway, which may be instrumental to the ability of C. psittaci to evade the host innate immune response and establish persistent infection. The improved understanding of the autophagic and cell death pathways triggered upon bacterial inclusion will likely help in the development of novel treatment strategies for chlamydia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Huang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Siqin He
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Qingzhi He
- School of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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Yang Y, Jin Y, Yin L, Liu P, Zhu L, Gao H. Sertaconazole nitrate targets IDO1 and regulates the MAPK signaling pathway to induce autophagy and apoptosis in CRC cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 942:175515. [PMID: 36669614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the third most frequently occurring malignant tumor worldwide. It is vital to identify novel, effective targeted treatments while considering side effects and drug resistance in the clinic. Recently, the tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme indole-2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been widely reported to be overexpressed in CRC, indicating that blocking IDO1 with small-molecule inhibitors may be a promising approach to CRC treatment. In this study, the antifungal drug sertaconazole nitrate (STZ) was repurposed and showed antitumor activity, and therefore, its anticancer effect was further investigated in CRC cells. The SwissTargetPrediction analysis indicated that STZ binding to IDO1 was significantly and highly probable, and STZ was found to downregulate IDO1 in CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. STZ exhibited considerable antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 and RKO cells. Moreover, based on an RNA-seq analysis, STZ was shown to regulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. We discovered that STZ suppressed tumor growth in an HCT116 nude mouse xenograft tumor model without causing evident cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our results reveal that STZ induces antitumor effects in CRC by inhibiting IDO1-modulated autophagy and apoptosis, providing a clue for repurposing STZ as a novel and potentially effective candidate medication for the future treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Linzhou Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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A Natural Glucan from Black Bean Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation via PI3K-Akt and MAPK Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041971. [PMID: 36838963 PMCID: PMC9961350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A natural α-1,6-glucan named BBWPW was identified from black beans. Cell viability assay showed that BBWPW inhibited the proliferation of different cancer cells, especially HeLa cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that BBWPW suppressed the HeLa cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Consistently, RT-PCR experiments displayed that BBWPW significantly impacts the expression of four marker genes related to the G2/M phase, including p21, CDK1, Cyclin B1, and Survivin. To explore the molecular mechanism of BBWPW to induce cell cycle arrest, a transcriptome-based target inference approach was utilized to predict the potential upstream pathways of BBWPW and it was found that the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signal pathways had the potential to mediate the effects of BBWPW on the cell cycle. Further experimental tests confirmed that BBWPW increased the expression of BAD and AKT and decreased the expression of mTOR and MKK3. These results suggested that BBWPW could regulate the PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways to induce cell cycle arrest and ultimately inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells, providing the potential of the black bean glucan to be a natural anticancer drug.
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Chen C, Chen J, Wang Y, Fang L, Guo C, Sang T, Peng H, Zhao Q, Chen S, Lin X, Wang X. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits HSC activation and liver fibrosis via targeting inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ECM-receptor interaction mediated by TGF-β/Smad signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154626. [PMID: 36603342 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) has many biological properties, however, the anti-fibrosis effect of GLP is unknown at present. PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the anti-fibrogenic effect of GLP and its underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN Both CCl4-induced mouse and TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cellular models of fibrosis were established to examine the anti-fibrogenic effect of a water-soluble GLP (25 kDa) extracted from the sporoderm-removed spores of G. lucidum.. METHOD Serum markers of liver injury, histology and fibrosis of liver tissues, and collagen formation were examined using an automatic biochemical analyzer, H&E staining, Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. RNA-sequencing, enrichment pathway analysis, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry were employed to identify the potential molecular targets and signaling pathways that are responsible for the anti-fibrotic effect of GLP. RESULTS We showed that GLP (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly inhibited hepatic fibrogenesis and inflammation in CCl4-treated mice as mediated by the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 signaling pathway. We further demonstrated that GLP significantly inhibited hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) activation in mice and in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells as manifested by reduced collagen I and a-SMA expressions. RNA-sequencing uncovered inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, TLR4/NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad signalings as major pathways suppressed by GLP administration. Further studies demonstrated that GLP elicits anti-fibrotic actions that are associated with a novel dual effect on apoptosis in vivo (inhibit) or in vitro (promote), suppression of cell cycle in vivo, induction of S phase arrest in vitro, and attenuation of ECM-receptor interaction-associated molecule expressions including integrins ITGA6 and ITGA8. Furthermore, GLP significantly inhibited the TGF-β/Smad signaling in mice, and reduced TGF-β1 or its agonist SRI-011381-induced Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylations, but increased Samd7 expression in HSC-T6 cells. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that GLP could be a promising dietary strategy for treating liver fibrosis, which protects against liver fibrosis and HSC activation through targeting inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ECM-receptor interactions that are mediated by TGF-β/Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Liu Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Cuiling Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Tingting Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - He Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Shengjia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China
| | - Xingya Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Road, Hangzhou 311400, PR China.
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A Water-Soluble Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Suppresses the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3 β/ β-Catenin and TGF- β/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:8456852. [PMID: 36925651 PMCID: PMC10014162 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8456852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with high morbidity, high mortality, and low cure rate. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely adopted in tissue engineering and drug delivery. 5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1, 2-dithiol-3-thione (ADT-OH) is one of commonly used H2S donors. In our previous study, HA-ADT was designed and synthesized via coupling of HA and ADT-OH. In this study, compared with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a fast H2S-releasing donor) and morpholin-4-ium (4-methoxyphenyl)-morpholin-4-ylsulfanylidenesulfido-λ5-phosphane (GYY4137, a slow H2S-releasing donor), HA-ADT showed stronger inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of human HCC cells. HA-ADT promoted apoptosis by suppressing the expressions of phospho (p)-protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), p-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), p-β-catenin, and also inhibited autophagy via the downregulation of the protein levels of p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in human HCC cells. Moreover, HA-ADT inhibited HCC xenograft tumor growth more effectively than both NaHS and GYY4137. Therefore, HA-ADT can suppress the growth of HCC cells by blocking the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. HA-ADT and its derivatives may be developed as promising antitumor drugs.
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Zheng Z, Xie J, Ma L, Hao Z, Zhang W, Li L. Vitamin D Receptor Activation Targets ROS-Mediated Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Apoptosis in Hepatocytes in Cholestasic Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:887-901. [PMID: 36280140 PMCID: PMC9972562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Observational epidemiologic studies have associated vitamin D deficiency with cholestasis. We reported previously that activation of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in cholangiocytes mitigates cholestatic liver injury by remodeling the damaged bile duct. However, the function of VDR in hepatocytes during cholestasis remains unclear. METHODS Paricalcitol (VDR agonist, 200 ng/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into bile duct-ligated mice every other day for 5 days. Primary hepatocytes and HepG2 hepatoma cells were transfected with Vdr short hairpin RNA, control short hairpin RNA, Vdr plasmid, control vector, Atg5 small interfering RNA (siRNA), and control siRNA. Liver histology, cell proliferation, and autophagy were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with the VDR agonist paricalcitol improved liver injury in bile duct-ligated mice by up-regulating VDR expression in hepatocytes, which in turn reduced hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via suppressing the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 pathway. Mechanistically, upon exposure to an ROS-inducing compound, Vdr siRNA contributed to apoptosis, whereas the Vdr overexpression caused resistance to apoptosis. Interestingly, up-regulated VDR expression also increased the generation of autophagosomes and macroautophagic/autophagic flux, which was the underlying mechanism for reduced apoptosis following VDR activation. Autophagy depletion impaired the positive effects of VDR overexpression, whereas autophagy induction was synergystic with VDR overexpression. Importantly, up-regulation of VDR promoted autophagy activation by suppressing the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway. Thus, a p38MAPK inhibitor abrogated the Vdr siRNA-induced decrease in autophagy and the Vdr siRNA-induced increase in apoptosis. In contrast, a Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK activator prevented the enhancement of autophagy and decreased apoptosis following Vdr overexpression. Moreover, the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcystein (NAC) blocked Vdr siRNA-enhanced activation of the ERK/p38MAPK pathway. CONCLUSIONS VDR activation mitigated liver cholestatic injury by reducing autophagy-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis and suppressing the activation of the ROS-dependent ERK/p38MAPK pathway. Thus, VDR activation may be a potential target for the treatment of cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Wenling First People's Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China
| | - Liman Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China
| | - Zhiqing Hao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Wenling First People's Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China.
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Qiang M, Cai P, Ao M, Li X, Chen Z, Yu L. Polysaccharides from Chinese materia medica: Perspective towards cancer management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 224:496-509. [PMID: 36265542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has always been a focus of global attention, and the difficulty of treatment and poor prognosis have always plagued humanity. Conventional chemotherapeutics and treatment with synthetic disciplines will cause adverse side effects and drug resistance. Therefore, searching for a safe, valid, and clinically effective drug is necessary. At present, some natural compounds have proved to have the potential to fight cancer. Polysaccharides obtained from Chinese materia medica are good anti-cancer ingredients. Polysaccharides are macromolecular compounds of equal or distinct monosaccharides with an α- or β-glycosidic bonds. The anti-cancer activity has been fully demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. However, Chinese materia medica polysaccharides are only used as adjuvant therapy for cancer-related diseases. Hence, this review mainly discusses the chemical composition, biological activity, absorption in vivo, and clinical application of Chinese materia medica polysaccharides. Also, we discussed the anti-cancer mechanism. We also discussed the current research's limitations on treating cancer with Chinese materia medica polysaccharides and insights into future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Qiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingjun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyue Ao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lingying Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.
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Zinnah KMA, Munna AN, Seol JW, Park BY, Park SY. An Antidepressant Drug Increased TRAIL Receptor-2 Expression and Sensitized Lung Cancer Cells to TRAIL-induced Apoptosis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:2225-2236. [PMID: 37859313 PMCID: PMC10788920 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206262252231004110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRAIL has emerged as a promising therapeutic target due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Autophagy, a highly regulated cellular recycling mechanism, is known to play a cell survival role by providing a required environment for the cell. Recent studies suggest that autophagy plays a significant role in increasing TRAIL resistance in certain cancer cells. Thus, regulating autophagy in TRAIL-mediated cancer therapy is crucial for its role in cancer treatment. OBJECTIVE Our study explored whether the antidepressant drug desipramine could enhance the ability of TRAIL to kill cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy. METHODS The effect of desipramine on TRAIL sensitivity was examined in various lung cancer cell lines. Cell viability was measured by morphological analysis, trypan blue exclusion, and crystal violet staining. Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to measure apoptosis with annexin V-PI stained cells. Western blotting, rtPCR, and immunocytochemistry were carried out to measure autophagy and death receptor expression. TEM was carried out to detect autophagy inhibition. RESULTS Desipramine treatment increased the TRAIL sensitivity in all lung cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, desipramine treatment induced death receptor expression to increase TRAIL sensitivity. This effect was confirmed when the genetic blockade of DR5 reduced the effect of desipramine in enhanced TRAIL-mediated cell death. Further investigation revealed that desipramine treatment increased the LC3 and p62 levels, indicating the inhibition of lysosomal degradation of autophagy. Notably, TRAIL, in combination with either desipramine or the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity compared to TRAIL treatment alone. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed the potential of desipramine to induce TRAIL-mediated cell death by autophagy impairment. This discovery suggests its therapeutic potential for inducing TRAIL-mediated cell death by increasing the expression of death receptors, which is caused by impairing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Mohammad Ali Zinnah
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
- Department of Animal and Fish Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Newaz Munna
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Seol
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
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Alvandi H, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Webster TJ. Bioactivity and applications of mushroom and polysaccharide-derived nanotherapeutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Volpe AR, Carmignani M, Cesare P. Hydroalcoholic extract of Buxus sempervirens shows antiproliferative effect on melanoma, colorectal carcinoma and prostate cancer cells by affecting the autophagic flow. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1073338. [PMID: 36891266 PMCID: PMC9986284 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1073338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Buxus sempervirens (European Box, Buxaceae, boxwood) has been used in folk medicine to treat rheumatism, arthritis, fever, malaria and skin ulceration while, in recent years, interest has grown on possible employment of boxwood extracts in cancer therapy. We studied the effect of hydroalcoholic extract from dried leaves of Buxus sempervirens (BSHE) on four human cell lines (BMel melanoma cells, HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells, PC3 prostate cancer cells, and HS27 skin fibroblasts) to ascertain its possible antineoplastic activity. This extract inhibited proliferation of all cell lines in different degree as shown, after 48 h-exposure and MTS assay, by the values of GR50 (normalized growth rate inhibition50) that were 72, 48, 38, and 32 μg/mL for HS27, HCT116, PC3 and BMel cells, respectively. At the above GR50 concentrations, 99% of all studied cells remained vital showing accumulation of acidic vesicles in the cytoplasm, mainly around nuclei, whereas a higher extract concentration (125 μg/mL) was cytotoxic causing, after 48 h-exposure, death of all BMel and HCT116 cells. Immunofluorescence showed microtubule-associated light chain three protein (LC3, a marker for autophagy) to be localized on the above acidic vesicles when cells were treated for 48 h with BSHE (GR50 concentrations). Western blot analysis revealed, in all treated cells, a significant increase (2.2-3.3 times at 24 h) of LC3II, i.e., the phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate of the cytoplasmic form LC3I that is recruited in autophagosome membranes during autophagy. Such increase was accompanied, in all cell lines treated for 24 h or 48 h with BSHE, by a significant increment (2.5-3.4 times at 24 h) of p62, an autophagic cargo protein undergoing degradation during the autophagic process. Therefore, BSHE appeared to promote autophagic flow with its following blockade and consequent accumulation of autophagosome or autolysosomes. The antiproliferative effects of BSHE also involved cell cycle regulators such as p21 (HS27, BMel and HCT116 cells) and cyclin B1 (HCT116, BMel and PC3 cells) whereas, among apoptosis markers, BSHE only decreased (30%-40% at 48 h) the expression of the antiapoptotic protein survivin. It was concluded that BSHE impairs autophagic flow with arrest of proliferation and death in both fibroblasts and cancer cells, being the latter much more sensitive to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Volpe
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Carmignani
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cesare
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Sun Y, He H, Wang Q, Yang X, Jiang S, Wang D. A Review of Development and Utilization for Edible Fungal Polysaccharides: Extraction, Chemical Characteristics, and Bioactivities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204454. [PMID: 36298031 PMCID: PMC9609814 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are precious medicinal and edible homologous gifts from nature to us. Because of their distinctive flavor and exceptional nutritional and medicinal value, they have been a frequent visitor to people’s dining tables and have become a hot star in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs) are an essential nutrient for edible fungi to exert bioactivity. They have attracted much attention because of their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactivities. As a result, EFPs have demonstrated outstanding potential over the past few decades in various disciplines, including molecular biology, immunology, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical chemistry. However, the complexity of EFPs and the significant impact of mushroom variety and extraction techniques on their bioactivities prevents a complete investigation of their biological features. Therefore, the authors of this paper thoroughly reviewed the comparison of different extraction methods of EFPs and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bond type and backbone structure of EFPs are described in detail. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of EFPs extracted by different methods and their potential regulatory mechanisms are summarized. These provide a valuable reference for improving the extraction process of EFPs and their production and development in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Huaqi He
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Shengjuan Jiang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Daobing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
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Kong W, Zhu H, Zheng S, Yin G, Yu P, Shan Y, Liu X, Ying R, Zhu H, Ma S. Larotrectinib induces autophagic cell death through AMPK/mTOR signalling in colon cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5539-5550. [PMID: 36251949 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Larotrectinib (Lar) is a highly selective and potent small-molecule inhibitor used in patients with tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) fusion-positive cancers, including colon cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms specifically in patients with colon cancer have not yet been explored. Our data showed that Lar significantly suppressed proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. In addition, Lar suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, as evidenced by elevation in E-cadherin (E-cad), and downregulation of vimentin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2/9 expression. Furthermore, Lar was found to activate autophagic flux, in which Lar increased the ratio between LC3II/LC3I and decreased the expression of p62 in colon cancer cells. More importantly, Lar also increased AMPK phosphorylation and suppressed mTOR phosphorylation in colon cancer cells. However, when we silenced AMPK in colon cancer cells, Lar-induced accumulation of autolysomes as well as Lar-induced suppression of the EMT process were significantly diminished. An in vivo assay also confirmed that tumour volume and weight decreased in Lar-treated mice than in control mice. Taken together, this study suggests that Lar significantly suppresses colon cancer proliferation and migration by activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Kong
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangzhang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sixing Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Shan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongchao Ying
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chen J, Peng H, Chen C, Wang Y, Sang T, Cai Z, Zhao Q, Chen S, Lin X, Eling T, Wang X. NAG-1/GDF15 inhibits diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting AGE/RAGE-mediated inflammation signaling pathways in C57BL/6 mice and HK-2 cells. Life Sci 2022; 311:121142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Fang L, Zhao Q, Guo C, Guo D, Li Z, Xu J, Guo C, Sang T, Wang Y, Chen J, Chen C, Chen R, Wu J, Wang X. Removing the sporoderm from the sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum improves the anticancer and immune-regulatory activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1006127. [PMID: 36185644 PMCID: PMC9524850 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived polysaccharides have demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects via immune-regulatory activity. The aim of the current study was to compare the chemical property and the anticancer effects of polysaccharides extracted from the sporoderm-removed spores of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (RSGLP), which removed the sporoderm completely, with polysaccharides extracted from the sporoderm-broken spores of G. lucidum (BSGLP). We found that RSGLP has a higher extraction yield than BSGLP. HPGPC and GC-MS results revealed that both RSGLP and BSGLP are heteropolysaccharides, but RSGLP had a higher molecular weight and a different ratio of monosaccharide composition than BSGLP. MTT and flow cytometry results demonstrated that RSGLP exhibited much higher dose-efficacy in inhibiting cell viability and inducing apoptosis than BSGLP in 8 cancer cell lines representing colon (HCT116 and HT29), liver (HepG2 and Huh-7), breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), and lung cancers (NCI-H460 and A549). Furthermore, RSGLP is more effective in inhibiting HCT116 and NCI-H460 xenograft tumor growth and inhibiting tumor-induced splenomegaly than BSGLP in nude mice, suggesting a better effect on regulating immunity of RSGLP. Next, we found that RSGLP is more potent in inhibiting the level of serum inflammatory cytokines in nude mice, and in inhibiting the activation of macrophage RAW264.7 and the expression of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 in vitro. This is the first study to compare the chemical properties, anti-cancer, and immune-regulatory effects of RSGLP and BSGLP using multiple cancer cell lines. Our results revealed that the sporoderm-removed spores of G. lucidum (RSGL) and RSGLP may serve as new anticancer agents for their promising immune-regulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiling Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Rare Medicinal Plants, Wuyi, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Rare Medicinal Plants, Wuyi, China
| | - Chengjie Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Jianjun Wu
| | - Xingya Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingya Wang
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Wang M, Liu X, Chen T, Cheng X, Xiao H, Meng X, Jiang Y. Inhibition and potential treatment of colorectal cancer by natural compounds via various signaling pathways. Front Oncol 2022; 12:956793. [PMID: 36158694 PMCID: PMC9496650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.956793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of malignant digestive tract tumor with a high incidence rate worldwide. Currently, the clinical treatment of CRC predominantly include surgical resection, postoperative chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, these treatments contain severe limitations such as drug side effects, the risk of recurrence and drug resistance. Some natural compounds found in plants, fungi, marine animals, and bacteria have been shown to inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. Although the explicit molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of these compounds on CRC are not clear, classical signaling transduction pathways such as NF-kB and Wnt/β-catenin are extensively regulated. In this review, we have summarized the specific mechanisms regulating the inhibition and development of CRC by various types of natural compounds through nine signaling pathways, and explored the potential therapeutic values of these natural compounds in the clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianbin Cheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianglong Meng
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Jiang,
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Albendazole-induced autophagy blockade contributes to elevated apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells through AMPK/mTOR activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116214. [PMID: 36055539 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) is a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drug that exhibits antitumor effects against several carcinomas. The effects of ABZ on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role of ABZ in inducing autophagy-mediated apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells. The antitumor effects of ABZ were evaluated against CCA cells and HIBEC intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells. Furthermore, the apoptosis rates, and autophagy flux in RBE and FRH-0201 cells treated with ABZ were investigated. ABZ inhibited proliferation, induced cell death and apoptosis in CCA cells in vitro. In vivo, tumors from ABZ- treated BALB/c nude mice were significantly smaller than untreated mice. ABZ also induced the initiation of autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathways, resulting in the formation of autophagosome. In addition, ABZ blocked autophagic flux by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosome-lysosome, which increased the apoptotic death of CCA cells. However, the apoptotic death of CCA cells induced by ABZ was reversed by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagosome formation inhibitor, but increased by chloroquine (CQ), an autophagosome-lysosome fusion inhibitor.Our work provides novel mechanisms for anti-tumor effects of ABZ on CCA, suggesting that ABZ may be used as a potent autophagy inhibitor in the treatment of CCA.
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Zheng M, Pi X, Li H, Cheng S, Su Y, Zhang Y, Man C, Jiang Y. Ganoderma spp. polysaccharides are potential prebiotics: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:909-927. [PMID: 35980144 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex ecosystem that is closely linked to host health. Ganoderma spp. polysaccharides (GPs), a major bioactive component of the fungal genus Ganoderma, can modulate the GM, exhibiting various health effects and prebiotic potential. This review comprehensively concluded the structural features and extraction method of GPs. The mechanism of GPs for anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer were further evaluated. The simulated gastrointestinal digestion of GPs and the utilization mechanism of host microorganisms were discussed. It was found that the physicochemical properties and biological activities of GPs depend on their structural characteristics (molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, etc.). Their extraction method also affects the structure and bioactivities of polysaccharides. GPs supplementation could increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium), while reducing that of pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Aerococcus, Ruminococcus), thus promoting health. Moreover, GPs are resistant to digestion in the stomach and small intestine but are digested in the large intestine. Therefore, GPs can be considered as potential prebiotics. However, further studies should investigate how GPs as prebiotics regulate GM and improve host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zheng
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowen Pi
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxuan Li
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shasha Cheng
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Su
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Cheng G, Zhang S, Lv M, Qi C, Fan R, Guo X, Liu J, Zhao X. The surface morphology of Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide and its anti-apoptotic effect by targeting autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154212. [PMID: 35665615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumonisin B1 is categorised as possible carcinogenic to humans which commonly contaminate maize and maize-based products worldwide, FB1, like other environmental pollutants, may activate apoptosis, autophagy, the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGPSt) is prepared from a traditional herbal medicine in Asia with tremendous pharmacological activities. However, whether PGPSt could relieve FB1-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated. The study aimed to evaluate the surface morphology of PGPSt and its protective effect on fumonisin B1-induced apoptosis. METHODS The surface morphology of PGPSt was evaluated by SEM and AFM. Expressions of proteins involved in autophagy and apoptosis were detected by western blot analysis. Western blot, transient transfection, JC-1 and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, CCK8, Live-cell imaging and autophagy inhibitor were used to observe the effect and explore the mechanism of PGPSt on FB1-induced apoptosis of 3D4/21 cells. RESULTS PGPSt had triple helix conformation, and had the characteristics of compact, polyporous and agglomerated morphology. PGPSt promoted the expression of LC3-II and Beclin1, reduced the expression of p62, and significantly activated autophagy. PGPSt inhibited the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway at 24 h. Besides, PGPSt increased the expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3. PGPSt-mediated autophagy was inhibited by 3-MA, accompanied by the upregulation of Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-3, suggesting that enhanced autophagy inhibited apoptosis. CONCLUSION PGPSt can activate autophagy, which in turn protects FB1-induced apoptosis. Targeting autophagy may provide a new way to improve the health of humans or animals in FB1 contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Ninth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450053, PR China
| | - Meiyun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Changxi Qi
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Rupeng Fan
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaocheng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Wang Y, Chen J, Chen C, Peng H, Lin X, Zhao Q, Chen S, Wang X. Growth differentiation factor-15 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in cerebral lower-grade gliomas correlated with hypoxia and glycolysis signature. Life Sci 2022; 302:120645. [PMID: 35588865 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) plays complex and controversial roles in cancer. In this study, the prognostic value and the exact biological function of GDF15 in cerebral lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and its potential molecular targets were examined. MAIN METHODS Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were applied to analyze associations between GDF15 expression and clinical characteristics using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the hypoxia risk model was conducted to identify the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GDF15 on LGGs tumorigenesis. The biological function of GDF15 was examined using gain- and loss-of-function experiments, and a recombinant hGDF15 protein in LGG SW1783 cells in vitro. KEY FINDINGS We found that higher GDF15 expression is associated with poor clinical features in LGG patients, and an independent risk factor for overall survival among LGG patients. GSEA results showed that the poor prognostic role of GDF15 in LGGs is related to hypoxia and glycolysis signatures, which was further validated using the hypoxia risk model. Furthermore, GDF15 overexpression facilitated cell proliferation, while GDF15 siRNA inhibits cell proliferation in LGG SW1783 cells. In addition, GDF15 was upregulated upon CoCl2 treatment which induces hypoxia, correlating with the upregulation of the expressions of HIF-1α and glycolysis-related key genes in SW1783 cells. SIGNIFICANCE GDF15 may promote LGG tumorigenesis that is associated with the hypoxia and glycolysis pathways, and thus could serve as a promising molecular target for LGG prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - He Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shengjia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xingya Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Wang M, Yu F. Research Progress on the Anticancer Activities and Mechanisms of Polysaccharides From Ganoderma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891171. [PMID: 35865946 PMCID: PMC9294232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer ranks as a primary reason for death worldwide. Conventional anticancer therapies can cause severe side effects, and thus natural products may be promising drug candidates for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence has verified the prominent anticancer properties of Ganoderma polysaccharides, suggesting that Ganoderma polysaccharides may be effective chemopreventive agents of natural origin. Based on their abilities to prevent cancer development by regulating the DNA damage response, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, host immunity, gut microbiota and therapeutic sensitivity, there has been increasing interest in elucidating the clinical implication of Ganoderma polysaccharides in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize recent findings pertaining to the roles of bioactive polysaccharides from Ganoderma in cancer pathogenesis, discuss the multifarious mechanisms involved and propose future directions for research. A more sophisticated understanding of the anticancer benefits of Ganoderma polysaccharides will be helpful for improving current treatments and developing novel therapeutic interventions for human malignancies.
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Xu J, Shen R, Jiao Z, Chen W, Peng D, Wang L, Yu N, Peng C, Cai B, Song H, Chen F, Liu B. Current Advancements in Antitumor Properties and Mechanisms of Medicinal Components in Edible Mushrooms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132622. [PMID: 35807802 PMCID: PMC9268676 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible and medicinal fungi, a group of eukaryotic organisms with numerous varieties, including Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Grifola frondosa, have been demonstrated to possess a board range of pharmaceutical properties, including anti-virus, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. Moreover, edible and medicinal fungi have been traditionally consumed as food to provide multiple nutrients and as drugs owing to having the activities of invigorating blood circulation, reinforcing the healthy qi, clearing away heat, and eliminating stasis for thousands of years in China. Malignant tumors, well-known as the second leading cause of death globally, accounted for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Thus, in-depth exploration of strategies to prevent and treat cancer is extremely urgent. A variety of studies have reported that the main bioactive components of edible and medicinal fungi, mainly polysaccharides and triterpenoids, exhibit diverse anticancer activities via multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of cell proliferation and metastasis, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, reversing multidrug resistance, and regulation of immune responses, thus suggesting their substantial potential in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Our review summarizes the research progress on the anticancer properties of edible and medicinal fungi and the underlying molecular mechanism, which may offer a better understanding of this field. Additionally, few studies have reported the safety and efficacy of extracts from edible and medicinal fungi, which may limit their clinical application. In summary, there is a need to continue to explore the use of those extracts and to further validate their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
| | - Rui Shen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
| | - Zhuoya Jiao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (W.C.); (D.P.); (L.W.); (N.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (W.C.); (D.P.); (L.W.); (N.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (W.C.); (D.P.); (L.W.); (N.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (W.C.); (D.P.); (L.W.); (N.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Can Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (W.C.); (D.P.); (L.W.); (N.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Biao Cai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (H.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (J.X.); (R.S.); (Z.J.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (H.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (H.S.); (F.C.)
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APY0201 Represses Tumor Growth through Inhibiting Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7104592. [PMID: 36245991 PMCID: PMC9568353 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers globally. There are currently few effective chemotherapeutic drugs available for GC patients. The inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol kinase containing an FYVE finger structure (PIKfyve) have shown significant anticancer effects in several types of cancers, but their effectiveness in GC remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of APY0201, an inhibitor of PIKfyve, on GC tumor growth and its mechanism of action. It was found that APY0201 inhibited GC cell proliferation in in vitro GC cell model, organoid model, and in vivo xenograft tumor model. Through analyzing cell autophagy, we found that APY0201 might block autophagic flux by impairing lysosome degradation function of GC cells, inducing the accumulation of autophagosomes, thus causing the inhibition of GC cell proliferation. We also found that APY0201 induced G1/S phase arrest in GC cells. Importantly, APY0201 was also effective in inducing repression of autophagy and cell cycle arrest in the mouse tumor xenograft. Our results suggest that APY0201 could be a new promising therapeutic option for GC.
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Albumin Paclitaxel Compared with 5-Penfluorouracil, Lobaplatin, and Albumin Paclitaxel Combined with 5-Penfluorouracil in the Treatment of Human Gastric Cancer Cell AGS Line Autophagy and Apoptosis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:6015877. [PMID: 35719323 PMCID: PMC9205742 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6015877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Albumin paclitaxel (Nab-PTX) is a novel microtubule inhibitor with albumin as the carrier. Several clinical trials are underway in gastric cancer, but the autophagy mechanism of Nab-PTX on gastric cancer is still unclear. The autophagy and apoptosis effects of Nab-PTX compared with 5-pentafluorouracil (5-Fu) and lobaplatin (LBP) in gastric cancer are also unclear. OBJECTIVE This article will compare the effects of Nab-PTX, 5-Fu, LBP, and albumin paclitaxel + 5-pentafluorouracil (Nab-PTX + 5-Fu) on AGS cells from the perspective of autophagy and apoptosis, which is to provide new ideas and experimental evidence for gastric cancer. METHOD (1) Experimental groups were control (Ctrl), Nab-PTX, 5-Fu, LBP, and Nab-PTX + 5-Fu. (2) CCK-8 assay was used to reflect cell viability and proliferation. (3) The flow cytometry was used to perform the 24-hour apoptosis and cell cycle of each group. (4) Western blot assay was used to investigate autophagy signal proteins LC3I/LC3II, LC3II/LC3I, SQSTM1/p62, Beclin-1, Atg12, Atg5, p-mULK1, p-AMPK, p-mTOR, and apoptosis signal proteins Bax and Bcl-2. RESULTS Nab-PTX, 5-Fu, LBP, and Nab-PTX + 5-Fu inhibited AGS cells' proliferation and arrested the cell cycle. At the same time, each group increased the apoptosis of AGS cells to various degrees (Nab-PTX + 5-Fu > Nab-PTX > 5-Fu > LBP, respectively). The experimental results showed that Nab-PTX and Nab-PTX + 5-Fu promoted autophagy and apoptosis of AGS cells. The comparison of Nab-PTX, 5-Fu, and LBP between groups revealed that 5-Fu inhibited autophagy and the expression of apoptosis protein Bax. In LBP, abnormal activation of autophagy downstream, blocking of autophagy flow, abnormal increase of ATG12, and increased expression of apoptosis protein Bax occurred. Further study found that the autophagy upstream mechanism is different. CONCLUSION Nab-PTX, 5-Fu, LBP, and Nab-PTX + 5-Fu can inhibit cell proliferation, promote cell apoptosis, and induce the difference in autophagy expression. The autophagy difference of this antitumor drug may be related to its inducing apoptosis. Meanwhile, Nab-PTX has a better antitumor effect than 5-Fu and LBP in gastric cancer, and the combination of Nab-PTX + 5-Fu has more antitumor advantages.
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Li L, Dong R, Liu T, Yang Y, Chang H, Meng X, Deng Y, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Song G, Hu Y. Nano-titanium dioxide exposure and autophagy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2084419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Ruoyun Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yaqian Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Hongmei Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Xiaojia Meng
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Yiman Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Guanling Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Yunhua Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
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