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Mazahir F, Yadav AK. Recent progress in engineered extracellular vesicles and their biomedical applications. Life Sci 2024; 350:122747. [PMID: 38797364 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To present the recent update on the isolation, engineering techniques for extracellular vesicles, limitations associated with different isolation techniques, different biomedical applications, and challenges of engineered extracellular vesicles for the benefit of researchers from academic, industry, etc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peer-reviewed articles from most recognized journals were collected, and presented information was analyzed to discuss collection, chemical, electroporation, cellular, and membrane surface engineering to design extracellular vesicles for various therapeutic applications. In addition, we present the applications and limitations of techniques for the collection of extracellular vesicles. KEY FINDINGS There is a need for isolation techniques with the gold standard. However, advanced extracellular vesicle isolation techniques showed improved recovery, and purity of extracellular vesicles. Tumor therapy is a major part of the therapy section that illustrates the role of engineered extracellular vesicles in synergetic therapy such as phototherapy, theragnostic, and delivery of genetic materials. In addition, extracellular vesicles have shown their potential in the treatment of retinal disorders, neurodegenerative disease, tuberculosis, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, vaccine production, and wound healing. SIGNIFICANCE Engineered extracellular vesicles can deliver cargo to the specific cells, elicit an immune response and could be used for the development of the vaccines in the future. However, the progress is at the initial stage. Overall, this review will provide a comprehensive understanding and could serve as a reference for researchers in the clinical translation of engineered extracellular vesicles in different biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, A Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Bijnor, Lucknow-226002, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, A Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Bijnor, Lucknow-226002, India.
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Chandel P, Thapa K, Kanojia N, Rani L, Singh TG, Rohilla P. Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents as a Gut Microbiota Modulator in the Management of Neurological and Psychological Disorders. Neuroscience 2024; 551:69-78. [PMID: 38754721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The functioning of the brain and its impact on behavior, emotions, and cognition can be affected by both neurological and psychiatric disorders that impose a significant burden on global health. Phytochemicals are helpful in the treatment of several neurological and psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), because they have symptomatic benefits with few adverse reactions. Changes in gut microbiota have been associated with many neurological and psychiatric conditions. This review focuses on the potential efficacy of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenols in regulating gut flora and providing symptomatic relief for a range of neurological and psychological conditions. Evidence-based research has shown the medicinal potentials of these phytochemicals, but additional study is required to determine whether altering gut microbiota might slow the advancement of neurological and psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarit Chandel
- Chitkara University, School of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Komal Thapa
- Chitkara University, School of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara University, School of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara University, School of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Staerz SD, Anamoah C, Tepe JJ. 20S proteasome enhancers prevent cytotoxic tubulin polymerization-promoting protein induced α-synuclein aggregation. iScience 2024; 27:110166. [PMID: 38974969 PMCID: PMC11225362 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases defined by the presence of α-synuclein inclusions. The location and composition of these α-synuclein inclusions directly correlate to the disease pattern. The inclusions in Multiple System Atrophy are located predominantly in oligodendrocytes and are rich in a second protein, p25α. P25α plays a key role in neuronal myelination by oligodendrocytes. In healthy oligodendrocytes, there is little to no α-synuclein present. If aberrant α-synuclein is present, p25α leaves the myelin sheaths and quickly co-aggregates with α-synuclein, resulting in the disruption of the cellular process and ultimately cell death. Herein, we report that p25α is susceptible for 20S proteasome-mediated degradation and that p25α induces α-synuclein aggregation, resulting in proteasome impairment and cell death. In addition, we identified small molecules 20S proteasome enhancers that prevent p25α induced α-synuclein fibrilization, restore proteasome impairment, and enhance cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia D. Staerz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Charles Anamoah
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Wan Z, Lu J, Lu L, Zhao W, Jiang W. A binding-triggered hybridization chain reaction cascade multi-site activated CRISPR/Cas12a signal amplification strategy for sensitive detection of α-synuclein. Analyst 2024; 149:3725-3731. [PMID: 38757739 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is closely related to the pathological process of Parkinson's disease (PD). Sensitive detection of α-syn is important for the early diagnosis and disease progression monitoring of PD. Herein, we report a binding-triggered hybridization chain reaction (HCR) cascade multi-site activated CRISPR/Cas12a signal amplification strategy for sensitive detection of α-syn. In this method, antibody-DNA capture probes recognized α-syn and bound with it to increase the local effective concentrations of two DNA strands, promoting their hybridization to form a split HCR trigger. Then the trigger initiated an HCR to generate a long double-stranded structure which contained abundant periodically repeated Cas12a/crRNA target sequences. Finally, the Cas12a/crRNA recognized the target sequence in HCR products and then the cleavage activity toward fluorescent reporters was activated, leading to the recovery of appreciable fluorescence signals. Our method provided a detection limit as low as 9.33 pM and exhibited satisfactory applicability in human serum samples. In summary, this study provides a homogeneous strategy for convenient, sensitive, and accurate detection of α-syn, showing great potential in the early diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhuo Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Jiahao Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250013, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Weichong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250013, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, PR China.
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Zenge C, Ordureau A. Ubiquitin system mutations in neurological diseases. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00154-3. [PMID: 38972780 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal ubiquitin balance impacts the fate of countless cellular proteins, and its disruption is associated with various neurological disorders. The ubiquitin system is critical for proper neuronal cell state transitions and the clearance of misfolded or aggregated proteins that threaten cellular integrity. This article reviews the state of and recent advancements in our understanding of the disruptions to components of the ubiquitin system, in particular E3 ligases and deubiquitylases, in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Specific focus is on enzymes with recent progress in their characterization, including identifying enzyme-substrate pairs, the use of stem cell and animal models, and the development of therapeutics for ubiquitin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Zenge
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Bhardwaj K, Singh AA, Kumar H. Unveiling the Journey from the Gut to the Brain: Decoding Neurodegeneration-Gut Connection in Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2454-2469. [PMID: 38896463 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, a classical motor disorder affecting the dopaminergic system of the brain, has been as a disease of the brain, but this classical notion has now been viewed differently as the pathology begins in the gut and then gradually moves up to the brain regions. The microorganisms in the gut play a critical role in maintaining the physiology of the gut from maintaining barrier integrity to secretion of microbial products that maintain a healthy gut state. The pathology subsequently alters the normal composition of gut microbes and causes deleterious effects that ultimately trigger strong neuroinflammation and nonmotor symptoms along with characteristic synucleopathy, a pathological hallmark of the disease. Understanding the complex pathomechanisms in distinct and established preclinical models is the primary goal of researchers to decipher how exactly gut pathology has a central effect; the quest has led to many answered and some open-ended questions for researchers. We summarize the popular opinions and some contrasting views, concise footsteps in the treatment strategies targeting the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opposite Air force station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
| | - Aditya A Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opposite Air force station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opposite Air force station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
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Chang CW, Tan CH, Hong WP, Yu RL. GBA moderates cognitive reserve's effect on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2024; 271:4392-4405. [PMID: 38656622 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) involves an individual's ability to maintain cognitive vitality over their lifespan. Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene mutations contribute to additional effects on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, but the interplay between GBA mutations and CR remains unclear. We investigated the interactions among CR, GBA, and diseases, aiming to examine whether the CR established at different stages interacts with specific genotypes to affect cognitive function. METHODS Three hundred and eighteen participants' CR indicators (i.e., education, occupation, and social function) and comprehensive neuropsychological function (i.e., tests for executive function, attention/working memory, visuospatial function, memory, and language) were evaluated. RESULTS We found that CR established in a specific life stage influences the individual's cognitive function, particularly in PD, based on their distinct GBA rs9628662 genotypes. Attention/working memory and memory performance are affected by occupational complexity in midlife in PD patients with the GG genotype (q < 0.0001; q < 0.0001) and healthy adults with the T genotype (q = 0.0440; q < 0.0001). Language is influenced by early education and occupation, and the effects of occupation are also observed in PD patients with the GG genotype (q = 0.0040) and in healthy adults carrying the T genotype (q = 0.0040). CONCLUSIONS CR, established at different life stages, can be influenced by the GBA rs9628662 genotype, impacting later-life cognition. Validating genotypes and incorporating genotype information when assessing cognitive reserve effects is crucial and can enhance targeted cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Chang
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Tan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Pin Hong
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rwei-Ling Yu
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Office of Strategic Planning, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Lee B, Lee SM, Song JW, Choi JW. Gut Microbiota Metabolite Messengers in Brain Function and Pathology at a View of Cell Type-Based Receptor and Enzyme Reaction. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:403-423. [PMID: 38898687 PMCID: PMC11214962 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2024.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract houses a diverse microbial community, known as the gut microbiome comprising bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's equilibrium and has recently been discovered to influence the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). The communication between the nervous system and the GI tract occurs through a two-way network called the gut-brain axis. The nervous system and the GI tract can modulate each other through activated neuronal cells, the immune system, and metabolites produced by the gut microbiome. Extensive research both in preclinical and clinical realms, has highlighted the complex relationship between the gut and diseases associated with the CNS, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review aims to delineate receptor and target enzymes linked with gut microbiota metabolites and explore their specific roles within the brain, particularly their impact on CNS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bada Lee
- Department of Biomedicinal and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Lee
- Department of Biomedicinal and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Song
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedicinal and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Simuni T, Chahine LM, Weintraub D, Poston KM, Kopil CM, Dunn B, Marek K. Concerns with the new biological research criteria for synucleinopathy - Authors' reply. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:663-666. [PMID: 38876741 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Simuni
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Lana M Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- University of Pennsylvania and the Parkinson's Disease and Mental Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Poston
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Kopil
- Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Billy Dunn
- Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
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10
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Jain N. The molecular interplay between human and bacterial amyloids: Implications in neurodegenerative diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:141018. [PMID: 38641088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2024.141018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD) are linked with the assembly and accumulation of proteins into structured scaffold called amyloids. These diseases pose significant challenges due to their complex and multifaceted nature. While the primary focus has been on endogenous amyloids, recent evidence suggests that bacterial amyloids may contribute to the development and exacerbation of such disorders. The gut-brain axis is emerging as a communication pathway between bacterial and human amyloids. This review delves into the novel role and potential mechanism of bacterial amyloids in modulating human amyloid formation and the progression of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass, Karwar, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
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Prosad Banik S, Kumar P, Bagchi D, Paul S, Goel A, Bagchi M, Chakraborty S. Fenfuro®-mediated arrest in the formation of protein-methyl glyoxal adducts: a new dimension in the anti-hyperglycemic potential of a novel fenugreek seed extract. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38832450 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2358520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The fenugreek plant (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is traditionally known for its anti-diabetic properties owing to its high content of furostanolic saponins, which can synergistically treat many human ailments. Non-enzymatic protein glycation leading to the formation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGE) is a common pathophysiology observed in diabetic or prediabetic individuals, which can initiate the development of neurodegenerative disorders. A potent cellular source of glycation is Methyl Glyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl formed as a glycolytic byproduct. We demonstrate the in vitro glycation arresting potential of Fenfuro®, a novel patented formulation of Fenugreek seed extract with clinically proven anti-diabetic properties, in Methyl-Glyoxal (MGO) adducts of three abundant amyloidogenic cellular proteins, alpha-synuclein, Serum albumin, and Lysozyme. A 0.25% w/v Fenfuro® was able to effectively arrest glycation by more than 50% in all three proteins, as evidenced by AGE fluorescence. Glycation-induced amyloid formation was also arrested by more than 36%, 14% and 15% for BSA, Alpha-synuclein and Lysozyme respectively. An increase in MW by attachment of MGO was also partially prevented by Fenfuro® as confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. Glycation resulted in enhanced aggregation of the three proteins as revealed by Native PAGE and Dynamic Light Scattering. However, in the presence of Fenfuro®, aggregation was arrested substantially, and the normal size distribution was restored. The results cumulatively indicated the lesser explored potential of direct inhibition of glycation by fenugreek seed in addition to its proven role in alleviating insulin resistance. Fenfuro® boosts its therapeutic potential as an effective phytotherapeutic to arrest Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawan Kumar
- R&D Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, India
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Dept of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, and Dept of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Souradip Paul
- Protein Folding & Dynamics Group, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Apurva Goel
- Regulatory Dept, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, India
| | | | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Dept of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Ascsillán AA, Kemény LV. The Skin-Brain Axis: From UV and Pigmentation to Behaviour Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6199. [PMID: 38892387 PMCID: PMC11172643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin-brain axis has been suggested to play a role in several pathophysiological conditions, including opioid addiction, Parkinson's disease and many others. Recent evidence suggests that pathways regulating skin pigmentation may directly and indirectly regulate behaviour. Conversely, CNS-driven neural and hormonal responses have been demonstrated to regulate pigmentation, e.g., under stress. Additionally, due to the shared neuroectodermal origins of the melanocytes and neurons in the CNS, certain CNS diseases may be linked to pigmentation-related changes due to common regulators, e.g., MC1R variations. Furthermore, the HPA analogue of the skin connects skin pigmentation to the endocrine system, thereby allowing the skin to index possible hormonal abnormalities visibly. In this review, insight is provided into skin pigment production and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain and recent findings are summarised on how signalling pathways in the skin, with a particular focus on pigmentation, are interconnected with the central nervous system. Thus, this review may supply a better understanding of the mechanism of several skin-brain associations in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Ascsillán
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lajos V. Kemény
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Saywell I, Foreman L, Child B, Phillips-Hughes AL, Collins-Praino L, Baetu I. Influence of cognitive reserve on cognitive and motor function in α-synucleinopathies: A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105672. [PMID: 38608829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve has shown promise as a justification for neuropathologically unexplainable clinical outcomes in Alzheimer's disease. Recent evidence suggests this effect may be replicated in conditions like Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. However, the relationships between cognitive reserve and different cognitive abilities, as well as motor outcomes, are still poorly understood in these conditions. Additionally, it is unclear whether the reported effects are confounded by medication. This review analysed studies investigating the relationship between cognitive reserve and clinical outcomes in these α-synucleinopathy cohorts, identified from MEDLINE, Scopus, psycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. 85 records, containing 176 cognition and 31 motor function effect sizes, were pooled using multilevel meta-analysis. There was a significant, positive association between higher cognitive reserve and both better cognition and motor function. Cognition effect sizes differed by disease subtype, cognitive reserve measure, and outcome type; however, no moderators significantly impacted motor function. Review findings highlight the clinical implications of cognitive reserve and importance of engaging in reserve-building behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Saywell
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | - Lauren Foreman
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Brittany Child
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | | | | | - Irina Baetu
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
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14
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Nogalska W, Maszewska Z, Maleszka M, Dobroń M, Szary A, Kępa A, Żarowski M, Hojan K, Lukowicz M, Cielecka-Piontek J. The Use of Compounds Derived from Cannabis sativa in the Treatment of Epilepsy, Painful Conditions, and Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5749. [PMID: 38891938 PMCID: PMC11171823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders present a wide range of symptoms and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Cannabis sativa, with its diverse chemical composition, offers potential therapeutic benefits due to its anticonvulsive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Beyond cannabinoids, cannabis contains terpenes and polyphenols, which synergistically enhance its pharmacological effects. Various administration routes, including vaporization, oral ingestion, sublingual, and rectal, provide flexibility in treatment delivery. This review shows the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis in managing neurological disorders such as epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, and painful pathologies. Drawing from surveys, patient studies, and clinical trials, it highlights the potential of cannabis in alleviating symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving overall quality of life for patients. Understanding the diverse therapeutic mechanisms of cannabis can open up possibilities for using this plant for individual patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Wiktoria Nogalska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Zofia Maszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Mateusz Maleszka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Maria Dobroń
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Szary
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kępa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
| | - Marcin Żarowski
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewski 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Hojan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swięcickiego 6, 61-847 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Lukowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Konarskiego 13, 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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15
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Shi Q, Gutierrez RA, Bhat MA. Microglia, Trem2, and Neurodegeneration. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241254118. [PMID: 38769824 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241254118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are a specialized type of neuroimmune cells that undergo morphological and molecular changes through multiple signaling pathways in response to pathological protein aggregates, neuronal death, tissue injury, or infections. Microglia express Trem2, which serves as a receptor for a multitude of ligands enhancing their phagocytic activity. Trem2 has emerged as a critical modulator of microglial activity, especially in many neurodegenerative disorders. Human TREM2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Trem2 plays dual roles in neuroinflammation and more specifically in disease-associated microglia. Most recent developments on the molecular mechanisms of Trem2, emphasizing its role in uptake and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates and other tissue debris to help protect and preserve the brain, are encouraging. Although Trem2 normally stimulates defense mechanisms, its dysregulation can intensify inflammation, which poses major therapeutic challenges. Recent therapeutic approaches targeting Trem2 via agonistic antibodies and gene therapy methodologies present possible avenues for reducing the burden of neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the promise of Trem2 as a therapeutic target, especially for Aβ-associated AD, and calls for more mechanistic investigations to understand the context-specific role of microglial Trem2 in developing effective therapies against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raul A Gutierrez
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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16
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Mignon J, Leyder T, Mottet D, Uversky VN, Michaux C. In-depth investigation of the effect of pH on the autofluorescence properties of DPF3b and DPF3a amyloid fibrils. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124156. [PMID: 38508075 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Double PHD fingers 3 (DPF3) protein exists as two splicing variants, DPF3b and DPF3a, the involvement of which in human cancer and neurodegeneration is beginning to be increasingly recognised. Both isoforms have recently been identified as intrinsically disordered proteins able to undergo amyloid fibrillation. Upon their aggregation, DPF3 proteins exhibit an intrinsic fluorescence in the visible range, referred to as deep-blue autofluorescence (dbAF). Comprehension of such phenomenon remaining elusive, we investigated in the present study the influence of pH on the optical properties of DPF3b and DPF3a fibrils. By varying the excitation wavelength and the pH condition, the two isoforms were revealed to display several autofluorescence modes that were defined as violet, deep-blue, and blue-green according to their emission range. Complementarily, analysis of excitation spectra and red edge shift plots allowed to better decipher their photoselection mechanism and to highlight isoform-specific excitation-emission features. Furthermore, the observed violation to Kasha-Vavilov's rule was attributed to red edge excitation shift effects, which were impacted by pH-mediated H-bond disruption, leading to changes in intramolecular charge and proton transfer, or π-electrons delocalisation. Finally, emergence of different autofluorescence emitters was likely related to structurally distinct fibrillar assemblies between isoforms, as well as to discrepancies in the amino acid composition of their aggregation prone regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Mignon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Tanguy Leyder
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Denis Mottet
- Gene Expression and Cancer Laboratory, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - Catherine Michaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, UCPTS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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17
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Kula J, Kuter KZ. MUFA synthesis and stearoyl-CoA desaturase as a new pharmacological target for modulation of lipid and alpha-synuclein interaction against Parkinson's disease synucleinopathy. Neuropharmacology 2024; 249:109865. [PMID: 38342377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Protein pathology spreading within the nervous system, accompanies neurodegeneration and a spectrum of motor and cognitive dysfunctions. Currently available therapies against Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies are mostly symptomatic and fail to slow the disease progression in the long term. Modification of α-synuclein (αS) aggregation and toxicity of its pathogenic forms is one of the main goals in neuroprotective approach. Since the discovery of lipid component of Lewy bodies, fatty acids became a crucial, yet little explored target for research. MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids) are substrates for lipids, such as phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. They regulate membrane fluidity, take part in signal transduction, cellular differentiation and other fundamental processes. αS and MUFA interactions are essential for Lewy body pathology. αS increases levels of MUFAs, mainly oleic acid, which in turn can enhance αS toxicity and aggregation. Thus, reduction of MUFAs synthesis by inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity could be the new way to prevent aggravation of αS pathology. Due to the limited distribution in peripheral tissues, SCD5 is a potential target in novel therapies and therefore could be an important starting point in search for disease-modifying neuroprotective therapy. Here we summarize facts about physiology and pathology of αS, explain recently discovered lipid-αS interactions, review SCD function and involved mechanisms, present available SCD inhibitors and discuss their pharmacological potential in disease management. Modulation of MUFA synthesis, decreasing αS and lipid toxicity is clearly essential, but unexplored avenue in pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease and synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kula
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Z Kuter
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
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18
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Gathings A, Zaman V, Banik NL, Haque A. Insights into Calpain Activation and Rho-ROCK Signaling in Parkinson's Disease and Aging. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1074. [PMID: 38791036 PMCID: PMC11117523 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, has no cure, and current therapies are not effective at halting disease progression. The disease affects mid-brain dopaminergic neurons and, subsequently, the spinal cord, contributing to many debilitating symptoms associated with PD. The GTP-binding protein, Rho, plays a significant role in the cellular pathology of PD. The downstream effector of Rho, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), plays multiple functions, including microglial activation and induction of inflammatory responses. Activated microglia have been implicated in the pathology of many neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, that initiate inflammatory responses, leading to neuron death. Calpain expression and activity is increased following glial activation, which triggers the Rho-ROCK pathway and induces inflammatory T cell activation and migration as well as mediates toxic α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and neuron death, indicating a pivotal role for calpain in the inflammatory and degenerative processes in PD. Increased calpain activity and Rho-ROCK activation may represent a new mechanism for increased oxidative damage in aging. This review will summarize calpain activation and the role of the Rho-ROCK pathway in oxidative stress and α-syn aggregation, their influence on the neurodegenerative process in PD and aging, and possible strategies and research directions for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gathings
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Vandana Zaman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Narendra L. Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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19
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Liu W, Li W, Liu Z, Li Y, Wang X, Guo M, Wang S, Wang S, Li Y, Jia J. Cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein adds the risk of cognitive decline and is associated with tau pathology among non-demented older adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:103. [PMID: 38725083 PMCID: PMC11084056 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of α-synuclein in dementia has been recognized, yet its exact influence on cognitive decline in non-demented older adults is still not fully understood. METHODS A total of 331 non-demented individuals were included in the study from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Participants were divided into two distinct groups based on their α-synuclein levels: one with lower levels (α-synuclein-L) and another with higher levels (α-synuclein-H). Measurements included neuropsychiatric scales, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and blood transcriptomics. The linear mixed-effects model investigated the longitudinal changes in cognition. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were utilized to evaluate the effects of different levels of α-synuclein on dementia. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to investigate the biological pathways related to cognitive impairment. Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression models, and mediation analysis were employed to investigate the relationship between α-synuclein and neurodegenerative biomarkers, and their potential mechanisms affecting cognition. RESULTS Higher CSF α-synuclein levels were associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and progression to dementia. Enrichment analysis highlighted the activation of tau-associated and immune response pathways in the α-synuclein-H group. Further correlation and regression analysis indicated that the CSF α-synuclein levels were positively correlated with CSF total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 181, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Mediation analysis further elucidated that the detrimental effects of CSF α-synuclein on cognition were primarily mediated through CSF t-tau and p-tau. Additionally, it was observed that CSF α-synuclein influenced CSF t-tau and p-tau181 levels via inflammatory pathways involving CSF TNFR1 and ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate a significant connection between elevated levels of CSF α-synuclein and the progression of cognitive decline, highlighting the critical roles of activated inflammatory pathways and tau pathology in this association. They underscore the importance of monitoring CSF α-synuclein levels as a promising biomarker for identifying individuals at increased risk of cognitive deterioration and developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Liu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yan Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechu Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shuheng Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
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20
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Pirhaghi M, Mamashli F, Moosavi-Movahedi F, Arghavani P, Amiri A, Davaeil B, Mohammad-Zaheri M, Mousavi-Jarrahi Z, Sharma D, Langel Ü, Otzen DE, Saboury AA. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Promising Therapeutics and Drug-Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2097-2117. [PMID: 38440998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most significant and rapidly growing unmet medical challenges is the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This challenge encompasses the imperative development of efficacious therapeutic agents and overcoming the intricacies of the blood-brain barrier for successful drug delivery. Here we focus on the delivery aspect with particular emphasis on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), widely used in basic and translational research as they enhance drug delivery to challenging targets such as tissue and cellular compartments and thus increase therapeutic efficacy. The combination of CPPs with nanomaterials such as nanoparticles (NPs) improves the performance, accuracy, and stability of drug delivery and enables higher drug loads. Our review presents and discusses research that utilizes CPPs, either alone or in conjugation with NPs, to mitigate the pathogenic effects of neurodegenerative diseases with particular reference to AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Pirhaghi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 6673145137, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mamashli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | | | - Payam Arghavani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Ahmad Amiri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Bagher Davaeil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Mahya Mohammad-Zaheri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi-Jarrahi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C 1592-224, Denmark
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
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21
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Romano R, Bucci C. Antisense therapy: a potential breakthrough in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1027-1035. [PMID: 37862205 PMCID: PMC10749614 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons in the central or peripheral nervous system. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases and this means a heavy burden for patients and the health system worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to find new therapeutic approaches, and antisense therapies offer this possibility, having the great advantage of not modifying cellular genome and potentially being safer. Many preclinical and clinical studies aim to test the safety and effectiveness of antisense therapies in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent advances in the development of these new technologies to treat the most common neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on those antisense therapies that have already received the approval of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhang B. Bifenthrin Caused Parkinson's-Like Symptoms Via Mitochondrial Autophagy and Ferroptosis Pathway Stereoselectively in Parkin -/- Mice and C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04140-5. [PMID: 38691300 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
It has been proposed that pyrethroid exposure contributes to the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of the widely used pyrethroid bifenthrin on Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. Bifenthrin (1S-cis-bifenthrin, 1R-cis-bifenthrin, raceme) was administered to male Parkin-/- mice and C57BL/6 mice by oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw/day for 28 days. Bifenthrin exposure significantly increased the time of pole climbing and decreased the period of rotarod running, indicating that bifenthrin decreased motor coordination in Parkin-/- mice, which was more evident by 1S-cis-bifenthrin. Furthermore, administration of bifenthrin induced obvious decreases in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ cell count and the protein expression of TH. Increased protein of mitochondrial autophagy LC3B and p62 was observed after exposure to bifenthrin. Increased iron deposition and protein expression of iron transport transferrin (Tf) and transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) was detected. 1S-cis-bifenthrin bound with Tf, TfR2, and GPX4 with lower binding energies than 1R-cis-bifenthrin, resulting in stronger interactions with these proteins. These results show structure-dependent PD-like effects of bifenthrin on motor activity and coordination associated with the disturbed mitochondrial autophagy and ferroptosis-related pathway. These data demonstrate that pyrethroid exposure increases the potential of Parkinson's-like symptoms via the ferroptosis pathway in Parkin-/- mice that is more pronounced than in C57BL/6 mice, providing a prospective enantioselective toxic effect of environmental neurotoxins on PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Neuroscience Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Costanzo M, Galosi E, De Bartolo MI, Gallo G, Leodori G, Belvisi D, Conte A, Fabbrini G, Truini A, Berardelli A, Vivacqua G. Evaluating the Diagnostic Potential of Combined Salivary and Skin Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4823. [PMID: 38732041 PMCID: PMC11084721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in saliva and phosphorylated α-syn deposits in the skin have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to assess and compare the diagnostic value of these biomarkers in discriminating between 38 PD patients and 24 healthy subjects (HSs) using easily accessible biological samples. Additionally, the study sought to determine the diagnostic potential of combining these biomarkers and to explore their correlations with clinical features. Salivary oligomeric α-syn levels were quantified using competitive ELISA, while skin biopsies were analyzed through immunofluorescence to detect phosphorylated α-syn at Ser129 (p-S129). Both biomarkers individually were accurate in discriminating PD patients from HSs, with a modest agreement between them. The combined positivity of salivary α-syn oligomers and skin p-S129 aggregates differentiated PD patients from HSs with an excellent discriminative ability with an AUC of 0.9095. The modest agreement observed between salivary and skin biomarkers individually suggests that they may reflect different aspects of PD pathology, thus providing complementary information when combined. This study's results highlight the potential of utilizing a multimodal biomarker approach to enhance diagnostic accuracy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Costanzo
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Gaetano Gallo
- Unità Operativa Complessa Neurologia, Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud, Via Albere 30, 35043 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Leodori
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy;
| | - Daniele Belvisi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy;
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Truini
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.); (A.C.); (G.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy-Integrated Research Center (PRAAB), Campus Biomedico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
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24
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Jeong J, Usman M, Li Y, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Pin1-Catalyzed Conformation Changes Regulate Protein Ubiquitination and Degradation. Cells 2024; 13:731. [PMID: 38727267 PMCID: PMC11083468 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds to and catalyzes cis-trans conformational changes of specific Ser/Thr-Pro motifs after phosphorylation, thereby playing a pivotal role in regulating the structure and function of its protein substrates. In particular, Pin1 activity regulates the affinity of a substrate for E3 ubiquitin ligases, thereby modulating the turnover of a subset of proteins and coordinating their activities after phosphorylation in both physiological and disease states. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in Pin1-regulated ubiquitination in the context of cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Specifically, Pin1 promotes cancer progression by increasing the stabilities of numerous oncoproteins and decreasing the stabilities of many tumor suppressors. Meanwhile, Pin1 plays a critical role in different neurodegenerative disorders via the regulation of protein turnover. Finally, we propose a novel therapeutic approach wherein the ubiquitin-proteasome system can be leveraged for therapy by targeting pathogenic intracellular targets for TRIM21-dependent degradation using stereospecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jeong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (J.J.)
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (J.J.)
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yitong Li
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (J.J.)
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (J.J.)
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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25
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Nakajima K, Ota T, Toda H, Yamaguchi K, Goto Y, Ogi H. Surface Modification of Ultrasonic Cavitation by Surfactants Improves Detection Sensitivity of α-Synuclein Amyloid Seeds. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1643-1651. [PMID: 38546732 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid amplification and sensitive detection of α-synuclein (αSyn) seeds is an efficient approach for the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Ultrasonication stands out as a promising method for the rapid amplification of αSyn seeds because of its robust fibril fragmentation capability. However, ultrasonication also induces the primary nucleation of αSyn monomers, deteriorating the seed detection sensitivity by generating seed-independent fibrils. In this study, we show that an addition of surfactants to the αSyn monomer solution during αSyn seed detection under ultrasonication remarkably improves the detection sensitivity of the αSyn seeds by a factor of 100-1000. Chemical kinetic analysis reveals that these surfactants reduce the rate of primary nucleation while promoting the fragmentation of the αSyn fibrils under ultrasonication. These effects are attributed to the modification of the ultrasonic cavitation surface by the surfactants. Our study enhances the utility of ultrasonication in clinical assays targeting αSyn seeds as the Parkinson's disease biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichitaro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ota
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Toda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Goto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ogi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Pätsi HT, Kilpeläinen TP, Jumppanen M, Uhari-Väänänen J, Wielendaele PV, De Lorenzo F, Cui H, Auno S, Saharinen J, Seppälä E, Sipari N, Savinainen J, De Meester I, Lambeir AM, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Myöhänen TT, Wallén EAA. 5-Aminothiazoles Reveal a New Ligand-Binding Site on Prolyl Oligopeptidase Which is Important for Modulation of Its Protein-Protein Interaction-Derived Functions. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5421-5436. [PMID: 38546708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel 5-aminothiazole-based ligands for prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) comprise selective, potent modulators of the protein-protein interaction (PPI)-mediated functions of PREP, although they are only weak inhibitors of the proteolytic activity of PREP. The disconnected structure-activity relationships are significantly more pronounced for the 5-aminothiazole-based ligands than for the earlier published 5-aminooxazole-based ligands. Furthermore, the stability of the 5-aminothiazole scaffold allowed exploration of wider substitution patterns than that was possible with the 5-aminooxazole scaffold. The intriguing structure-activity relationships for the modulation of the proteolytic activity and PPI-derived functions of PREP were elaborated by presenting a new binding site for PPI modulating PREP ligands, which was initially discovered using molecular modeling and later confirmed through point mutation studies. Our results suggest that this new binding site on PREP is clearly more important than the active site of PREP for the modulation of its PPI-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri T Pätsi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi P Kilpeläinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Jumppanen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Uhari-Väänänen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pieter Van Wielendaele
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Francesca De Lorenzo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hengjing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Samuli Auno
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Saharinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erin Seppälä
- School of Medicine/Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 8, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Savinainen
- School of Medicine/Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 8, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maija Lahtela-Kakkonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo T Myöhänen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik A A Wallén
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Hatano T, Okuzumi A, Matsumoto G, Tsunemi T, Hattori N. α-Synuclein: A Promising Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders. J Mov Disord 2024; 17:127-137. [PMID: 38589016 PMCID: PMC11082597 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.24075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the SNCA gene, which encodes α-synuclein (α-syn), play a key role in the development of genetic Parkinson's disease (PD). α-Syn is a major component of Lewy bodies in PD and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients often progress to PD, dementia with Lewy bodies, or MSA, which are collectively known as α-synucleinopathies. The loss of dopaminergic neurons with Lewy bodies precedes motor dysfunction in these diseases, but the mechanisms of neurodegeneration due to α-syn aggregation are poorly understood. Monitoring α-syn aggregation in vivo could serve as a diagnostic biomarker and help elucidate pathogenesis, necessitating a simple and accurate detection method. Seed amplification assays (SAAs), such as real-time quaking-induced conversion and protein misfolding cyclic amplification, are used to detect small amounts of abnormally structured α-syn protofibrils, which are central to aggregation. These methods are promising for the early diagnosis of α-synucleinopathy. Differences in α-syn filament structures between α-synucleinopathies, as observed through transmission electron microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy, suggest their role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. SAAs may differentiate between subtypes of α-synucleinopathy and other diseases. Efforts are also being made to identify α-syn from blood using various methods. This review introduces body fluid α-syn biomarkers based on pathogenic α-syn seeds, which are expected to redefine α-synucleinopathy diagnosis and staging, improving clinical research accuracy and facilitating biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayami Okuzumi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Matsumoto
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taiji Tsunemi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaboration Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
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28
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Xu Y, Nie J, Lu C, Hu C, Chen Y, Ma Y, Huang Y, Lu L. Effects and mechanisms of bisphenols exposure on neurodegenerative diseases risk: A systemic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170670. [PMID: 38325473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Environmental bisphenols (BPs) pose a global threat to human health because of their extensive use as additives in plastic products. BP residues are increasing in various environmental media (i.e., water, soil, and indoor dust) and biological and human samples (i.e., serum and brain). Both epidemiological and animal studies have determined an association between exposure to BPs and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), including cognitive abnormalities and behavioral disturbances. Hence, understanding the biological responses to different BPs is essential for prevention, and treatment. This study provides an overview of the underlying pathogenic molecular mechanisms as a valuable basis for understanding neurodegenerative disease responses to BPs, including accumulation of misfolded proteins, reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine, abnormal hormone signaling, neuronal death, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and inflammation. These findings provide new insights into the neurotoxic potential of BPs and ultimately contribute to a comprehensive health risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jun Nie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chenghao Lu
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chao Hu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yunlu Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yuru Huang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Liping Lu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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29
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Jiao LL, Dong HL, Liu MM, Wu PL, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Gao FG, Zhu HY. The potential roles of salivary biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106442. [PMID: 38382884 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Current research efforts on neurodegenerative diseases are focused on identifying novel and reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and insight into disease progression. Salivary analysis is gaining increasing interest as a promising source of biomarkers and matrices for measuring neurodegenerative diseases. Saliva collection offers multiple advantages over the currently detected biofluids as it is easily accessible, non-invasive, and repeatable, allowing early diagnosis and timely treatment of the diseases. Here, we review the existing findings on salivary biomarkers and address the potential value in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Based on the available research, β-amyloid, tau protein, α-synuclein, DJ-1, Huntington protein in saliva profiles display reliability and validity as the biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Jiao
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co Ltd, Nanjing 210019, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hui-Lin Dong
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co Ltd, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co Ltd, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Peng-Lin Wu
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co Ltd, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yi Cao
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co Ltd, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co Ltd, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Fu-Gao Gao
- Xuzhou Cigarette Factory, China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co Ltd, Xuzhou 221005, China.
| | - Huai-Yuan Zhu
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co Ltd, Nanjing 210019, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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30
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Pagano G, Taylor KI, Anzures Cabrera J, Simuni T, Marek K, Postuma RB, Pavese N, Stocchi F, Brockmann K, Svoboda H, Trundell D, Monnet A, Doody R, Fontoura P, Kerchner GA, Brundin P, Nikolcheva T, Bonni A. Prasinezumab slows motor progression in rapidly progressing early-stage Parkinson's disease. Nat Med 2024; 30:1096-1103. [PMID: 38622249 PMCID: PMC11031390 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Prasinezumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds aggregated α-synuclein, is being investigated as a potential disease-modifying therapy in early-stage Parkinson's disease. Although in the PASADENA phase 2 study, the primary endpoint (Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) sum of Parts I + II + III) was not met, prasinezumab-treated individuals exhibited slower progression of motor signs than placebo-treated participants (MDS-UPDRS Part III). We report here an exploratory analysis assessing whether prasinezumab showed greater benefits on motor signs progression in prespecified subgroups with faster motor progression. Prasinezumab's potential effects on disease progression were assessed in four prespecified and six exploratory subpopulations of PASADENA: use of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors at baseline (yes versus no); Hoehn and Yahr stage (2 versus 1); rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (yes versus no); data-driven subphenotypes (diffuse malignant versus nondiffuse malignant); age at baseline (≥60 years versus <60 years); sex (male versus female); disease duration (>12 months versus <12 months); age at diagnosis (≥60 years versus <60 years); motor subphenotypes (akinetic-rigid versus tremor-dominant); and motor subphenotypes (postural instability gait dysfunction versus tremor-dominant). In these subpopulations, the effect of prasinezumab on slowing motor signs progression (MDS-UPDRS Part III) was greater in the rapidly progressing subpopulations (for example, participants who were diffuse malignant or taking monoamine oxidase B inhibitors at baseline). This exploratory analysis suggests that, in a trial of 1-year duration, prasinezumab might reduce motor progression to a greater extent in individuals with more rapidly progressing Parkinson's disease. However, because this was a post hoc analysis, additional randomized clinical trials are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Pagano
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK.
| | - Kirsten I Taylor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tanya Simuni
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- The Institute for Research and Medical Care (IRCCS) San Raffaele Pisana, University San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanno Svoboda
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Azad Bonni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Grewal A, Sheokand D, Saini V, Kumar A. Molecular docking analysis of α-Synuclein aggregation with Anle138b. Bioinformation 2024; 20:217-222. [PMID: 38711999 PMCID: PMC11069604 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein aggregation into toxic oligomeric species is central to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Anle138b is a recently identified inhibitor of α-synuclein oligomerization showing promise in preclinical studies. This study employed computational approaches to elucidate Anle138b's mechanism of oligomer-specific action. The inhibitory potential of Anle138b against α-synuclein oligomers was evaluated by performing molecular docking studies using AutoDock Tools, followed by their binding pocket analysis. Further, protein-protein docking studies were performed using Hex8.0 to validate the aggregation inhibitory potential of Anle138b. Molecular docking revealed increasing binding affinity of Anle138b against higher order α-synuclein oligomers (dimer to decamer). Anle138b occupied oligomeric cavity and interacted with residues Thr54, Gly73, Val74 and Thr75 across several oligomers. Protein-protein docking showed that Anle138b interferes with α-synuclein decamer formation. These results highlight the oligomer-directed inhibitory mechanism of Anle138b, without hindering the monomeric forms and provide molecular insights to advance its therapeutic development for Parkinson's and related synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Grewal
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Sheokand
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vandana Saini
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Toxicology and Computational Biology Group, Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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32
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Soares ÉN, Costa ACDS, Ferrolho GDJ, Ureshino RP, Getachew B, Costa SL, da Silva VDA, Tizabi Y. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Glial Cells as Molecular Target for Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:474. [PMID: 38534318 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) is the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has also been implicated. Current intervention in PD is focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief but does not address neuronal loss and the progression of the disease. It has been well established that neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) can regulate DA release and that nicotine itself may have neuroprotective effects. Recent studies identified nAChRs in nonneuronal cell types, including glial cells, where they may regulate inflammatory responses. Given the crucial role of neuroinflammation in dopaminergic degeneration and the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in this response, glial nAChRs may provide a novel therapeutic target in the prevention and/or treatment of PD. In this review, following a brief discussion of PD, we focus on the role of glial cells and, specifically, their nAChRs in PD pathology and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Dos Santos Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Jesus Ferrolho
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09961-400, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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33
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Gregorio I, Russo L, Torretta E, Barbacini P, Contarini G, Pacinelli G, Bizzotto D, Moriggi M, Braghetta P, Papaleo F, Gelfi C, Moro E, Cescon M. GBA1 inactivation in oligodendrocytes affects myelination and induces neurodegenerative hallmarks and lipid dyshomeostasis in mice. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:22. [PMID: 38454456 PMCID: PMC10921719 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene do cause the lysosomal storage Gaucher disease (GD) and are among the most frequent genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). So far, studies on both neuronopathic GD and PD primarily focused on neuronal manifestations, besides the evaluation of microglial and astrocyte implication. White matter alterations were described in the central nervous system of paediatric type 1 GD patients and were suggested to sustain or even play a role in the PD process, although the contribution of oligodendrocytes has been so far scarcely investigated. METHODS We exploited a system to study the induction of central myelination in vitro, consisting of Oli-neu cells treated with dibutyryl-cAMP, in order to evaluate the expression levels and function of β-glucocerebrosidase during oligodendrocyte differentiation. Conduritol-B-epoxide, a β-glucocerebrosidase irreversible inhibitor was used to dissect the impact of β-glucocerebrosidase inactivation in the process of myelination, lysosomal degradation and α-synuclein accumulation in vitro. Moreover, to study the role of β-glucocerebrosidase in the white matter in vivo, we developed a novel mouse transgenic line in which β-glucocerebrosidase function is abolished in myelinating glia, by crossing the Cnp1-cre mouse line with a line bearing loxP sequences flanking Gba1 exons 9-11, encoding for β-glucocerebrosidase catalytic domain. Immunofluorescence, western blot and lipidomic analyses were performed in brain samples from wild-type and knockout animals in order to assess the impact of genetic inactivation of β-glucocerebrosidase on myelination and on the onset of early neurodegenerative hallmarks, together with differentiation analysis in primary oligodendrocyte cultures. RESULTS Here we show that β-glucocerebrosidase inactivation in oligodendrocytes induces lysosomal dysfunction and inhibits myelination in vitro. Moreover, oligodendrocyte-specific β-glucocerebrosidase loss-of-function was sufficient to induce in vivo demyelination and early neurodegenerative hallmarks, including axonal degeneration, α-synuclein accumulation and astrogliosis, together with brain lipid dyshomeostasis and functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS Our study sheds light on the contribution of oligodendrocytes in GBA1-related diseases and supports the need for better characterizing oligodendrocytes as actors playing a role in neurodegenerative diseases, also pointing at them as potential novel targets to set a brake to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Loris Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrica Torretta
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Lipidomics, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, 20161, Italy
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Contarini
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Technological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giada Pacinelli
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Bizzotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela Moriggi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Lipidomics, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, 20161, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
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Reyes-Resina I, Lillo J, Raïch I, Rebassa JB, Navarro G. The Expression and Functionality of CB 1R-NMDAR Complexes Are Decreased in A Parkinson's Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3021. [PMID: 38474266 PMCID: PMC10931566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the alteration in the expression and function of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R). The presence of CB1R-NMDAR complexes has been described in neuronal primary cultures. The activation of CB1R in CB1R-NMDAR complexes was suggested to counteract the detrimental NMDAR overactivation in an AD mice model. Thus, we aimed to explore the role of this receptor complex in PD. By using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) assay, it was demonstrated that α-synuclein induces a reorganization of the CB1R-NMDAR complex in transfected HEK-293T cells. Moreover, α-synuclein treatment induced a decrease in the cAMP and MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling of both CB1R and NMDAR not only in transfected cells but also in neuronal primary cultures. Finally, the interaction between CB1R and NMDAR was studied by Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) in neuronal primary cultures, where it was observed that the expression of CB1R-NMDAR complexes was decreased upon α-synuclein treatment. These results point to a role of CB1R-NMDAR complexes as a new therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Reyes-Resina
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iu Raïch
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Biel Rebassa
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (I.R.); (J.B.R.)
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Bai I, Keyser C, Zhang Z, Rosolia B, Hwang JY, Zukin RS, Yan J. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy in neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1322842. [PMID: 38455054 PMCID: PMC10918468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1322842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular mechanism that enables the degradation and recycling of cellular organelles and proteins via the lysosomal pathway. In neurodevelopment and maintenance of neuronal homeostasis, autophagy is required to regulate presynaptic functions, synapse remodeling, and synaptic plasticity. Deficiency of autophagy has been shown to underlie the synaptic and behavioral deficits of many neurological diseases such as autism, psychiatric diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence reveals that dysregulated autophagy plays an important role in the initiation and progression of neuroinflammation, a common pathological feature in many neurological disorders leading to defective synaptic morphology and plasticity. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of autophagy and its effects on synapses and neuroinflammation, with emphasis on how autophagy is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms under healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Bai
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Cameron Keyser
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Breandan Rosolia
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jee-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - R. Suzanne Zukin
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jingqi Yan
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Shahar O, Botvinnik A, Shwartz A, Lerer E, Golding P, Buko A, Hamid E, Kahn D, Guralnick M, Blakolmer K, Wolf G, Lotan A, Lerer L, Lerer B, Lifschytz T. Effect of chemically synthesized psilocybin and psychedelic mushroom extract on molecular and metabolic profiles in mouse brain. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02477-w. [PMID: 38378926 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring, tryptamine alkaloid prodrug, is currently being investigated for the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders. Preclinical reports suggest that the biological effects of psilocybin-containing mushroom extract or "full spectrum" (psychedelic) mushroom extract (PME), may differ from those of chemically synthesized psilocybin (PSIL). We compared the effects of PME to those of PSIL on the head twitch response (HTR), neuroplasticity-related synaptic proteins and frontal cortex metabolomic profiles in male C57Bl/6j mice. HTR measurement showed similar effects of PSIL and PME over 20 min. Brain specimens (frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, striatum) were assayed for the synaptic proteins, GAP43, PSD95, synaptophysin and SV2A, using western blots. These proteins may serve as indicators of synaptic plasticity. Three days after treatment, there was minimal increase in synaptic proteins. After 11 days, PSIL and PME significantly increased GAP43 in the frontal cortex (p = 0.019; p = 0.039 respectively) and hippocampus (p = 0.015; p = 0.027) and synaptophysin in the hippocampus (p = 0.041; p = 0.05) and amygdala (p = 0.035; p = 0.004). PSIL increased SV2A in the amygdala (p = 0.036) and PME did so in the hippocampus (p = 0.014). In the striatum, synaptophysin was increased by PME only (p = 0.023). There were no significant effects of PSIL or PME on PSD95 in any brain area when these were analyzed separately. Nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant increase in each of the 4 proteins over all brain areas for PME versus vehicle control, while significant PSIL effects were observed only in the hippocampus and amygdala and were limited to PSD95 and SV2A. Metabolomic analyses of the pre-frontal cortex were performed by untargeted polar metabolomics utilizing capillary electrophoresis - Fourier transform mass spectrometry (CE-FTMS) and showed a differential metabolic separation between PME and vehicle groups. The purines guanosine, hypoxanthine and inosine, associated with oxidative stress and energy production pathways, showed a progressive decline from VEH to PSIL to PME. In conclusion, our synaptic protein findings suggest that PME has a more potent and prolonged effect on synaptic plasticity than PSIL. Our metabolomics data support a gradient of effects from inert vehicle via chemical psilocybin to PME further supporting differential effects. Further studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings and to identify the molecules that may be responsible for the enhanced effects of PME as compared to psilocybin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orr Shahar
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Botvinnik
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Shwartz
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Lerer
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Israel Institute for Biology, Nes Ziona, Israel
| | - Peretz Golding
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex Buko
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Hamid
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dani Kahn
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miles Guralnick
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Gilly Wolf
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Achva Academic College, Beer Tuvia, Israel
| | - Amit Lotan
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leonard Lerer
- Parow Entheobiosciences (ParowBio), Chicago, IL, USA
- Back of the Yards Algae Sciences (BYAS), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bernard Lerer
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Tzuri Lifschytz
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory and Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Liu J, Mouradian MM. Pathogenetic Contributions and Therapeutic Implications of Transglutaminase 2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2364. [PMID: 38397040 PMCID: PMC10888553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders that afflict millions of people worldwide. Characteristic protein aggregates are histopathological hallmark features of these disorders, including Amyloid β (Aβ)-containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, α-Synuclein (α-Syn)-containing Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in nuclear inclusions in Huntington's disease. These various aggregates are found in specific brain regions that are impacted by neurodegeneration and associated with clinical manifestations. Transglutaminase (TG2) (also known as tissue transglutaminase) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family with protein crosslinking activity. To date, Aβ, tau, α-Syn, and mHTT have been determined to be substrates of TG2, leading to their aggregation and implicating the involvement of TG2 in several pathophysiological events in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize the biochemistry and physiologic functions of TG2 and describe recent advances in the pathogenetic role of TG2 in these diseases. We also review TG2 inhibitors tested in clinical trials and discuss recent TG2-targeting approaches, which offer new perspectives for the design of future highly potent and selective drugs with improved brain delivery as a disease-modifying treatment for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Maral Mouradian
- RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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Mahbub NU, Islam MM, Hong ST, Chung HJ. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on α-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1348279. [PMID: 38435303 PMCID: PMC10904658 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal behavior of α-synuclein and prion proteins is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion illnesses, respectively, being complex neurological disorders. A primary cause of protein aggregation, brain injury, and cognitive loss in prion illnesses is the misfolding of normal cellular prion proteins (PrPC) into an infectious form (PrPSc). Aggregation of α-synuclein causes disruptions in cellular processes in Parkinson's disease (PD), leading to loss of dopamine-producing neurons and motor symptoms. Alteration in the composition or activity of gut microbes may weaken the intestinal barrier and make it possible for prions to go from the gut to the brain. The gut-brain axis is linked to neuroinflammation; the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota affect the aggregation of α-synuclein, regulate inflammation and immunological responses, and may influence the course of the disease and neurotoxicity of proteins, even if their primary targets are distinct proteins. This thorough analysis explores the complex interactions that exist between the gut microbiota and neurodegenerative illnesses, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion disorders. The involvement of the gut microbiota, a complex collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses etc., in various neurological illnesses is becoming increasingly recognized. The gut microbiome influences neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter synthesis, mitochondrial function, and intestinal barrier integrity through the gut-brain axis, which contributes to the development and progression of disease. The review delves into the molecular mechanisms that underlie these relationships, emphasizing the effects of microbial metabolites such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in regulating brain functioning. Additionally, it looks at how environmental influences and dietary decisions affect the gut microbiome and whether they could be risk factors for neurodegenerative illnesses. This study concludes by highlighting the critical role that the gut microbiota plays in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion disease. It also provides a promising direction for future research and possible treatment approaches. People afflicted by these difficult ailments may find hope in new preventive and therapeutic approaches if the role of the gut microbiota in these diseases is better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Uddin Mahbub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Minarul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Cóppola-Segovia V, Reggiori F. Molecular Insights into Aggrephagy: Their Cellular Functions in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Mol Biol 2024:168493. [PMID: 38360089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis or proteostasis is an equilibrium of biosynthetic production, folding and transport of proteins, and their timely and efficient degradation. Proteostasis is guaranteed by a network of protein quality control systems aimed at maintaining the proteome function and avoiding accumulation of potentially cytotoxic proteins. Terminal unfolded and dysfunctional proteins can be directly turned over by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) or first amassed into aggregates prior to degradation. Aggregates can also be disposed into lysosomes by a selective type of autophagy known as aggrephagy, which relies on a set of so-called selective autophagy receptors (SARs) and adaptor proteins. Failure in eliminating aggregates, also due to defects in aggrephagy, can have devastating effects as underscored by several neurodegenerative diseases or proteinopathies, which are characterized by the accumulation of aggregates mostly formed by a specific disease-associated, aggregate-prone protein depending on the clinical pathology. Despite its medical relevance, however, the process of aggrephagy is far from being understood. Here we review the findings that have helped in assigning a possible function to specific SARs and adaptor proteins in aggrephagy in the context of proteinopathies, and also highlight the interplay between aggrephagy and the pathogenesis of proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Andersson A, Linse S, Sparr E, Fornasier M, Jönsson P. The density of anionic lipids modulates the adsorption of α-Synuclein onto lipid membranes. Biophys Chem 2024; 305:107143. [PMID: 38100855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered presynaptic protein associated with Parkinson's disease. The physiological role of α-Synuclein is not fully understood, but the protein is known to interact with lipid membranes. We here study how membrane charge affects the adsorption of α-Synuclein to (i) supported lipid bilayers and (ii) small unilamellar vesicles with varying amounts of anionic lipids. The results showed that α-Synuclein adsorbs onto membranes containing ≥5% anionic phosphatidylserine (DOPS) lipids, but not to membranes containing ≤1% DOPS. The density of adsorbed α-Synuclein increased steadily with the DOPS content up to 20% DOPS, after which it leveled off. The vesicles were saturated with α-Synuclein at a 3-5 times higher protein density compared to the supported bilayers, which suggests that a more deformable membrane binds more α-Synuclein. Altogether, the results show that both membrane charge density and flexibility influence the association of α-Synuclein to lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Linse
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Georgoula M, Ntavaroukas P, Androutsopoulou A, Xiromerisiou G, Kalala F, Speletas M, Asprodini E, Vasilaki A, Papoutsopoulou S. Sortilin Expression Levels and Peripheral Immunity: A Potential Biomarker for Segregation between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1791. [PMID: 38339069 PMCID: PMC10855941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by substantial phenotypic heterogeneity that limits the disease prognosis and patient's counseling, and complicates the design of further clinical trials. There is an unmet need for the development and validation of biomarkers for the prediction of the disease course. In this study, we utilized flow cytometry and in vitro approaches on peripheral blood cells and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived macrophages to characterize specific innate immune populations in PD patients versus healthy donors. We found a significantly lower percentage of B lymphocytes and monocyte populations in PD patients. Monocytes in PD patients were characterized by a higher CD40 expression and on-surface expression of the type I membrane glycoprotein sortilin, which showed a trend of negative correlation with the age of the patients. These results were further investigated in vitro on PBMC-derived macrophages, which, in PD patients, showed higher sortilin expression levels compared to cells from healthy donors. The treatment of PD-derived macrophages with oxLDL led to higher foam cell formation compared to healthy donors. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that surface sortilin expression levels on human peripheral monocytes may potentially be utilized as a marker of Parkinson's disease and may segregate the sporadic versus the genetically induced forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgoula
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.); (P.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Panagiotis Ntavaroukas
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.); (P.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Anastasia Androutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.); (P.N.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Fani Kalala
- Laboratory of of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Laboratory of of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Eftihia Asprodini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Anna Vasilaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.); (P.N.); (A.A.)
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Cai J, Wang Q, Tan S, Jiang Q, Liu R, Su G, Yi S, Yang P. Plasma-derived exosomal protein SHP2 deficiency induces neutrophil hyperactivation in Behcet's uveitis. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109785. [PMID: 38211682 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of plasma-derived exosomal proteins on neutrophil hyperactivation in Behcet's uveitis (BU), we treated neutrophils from healthy controls with plasma-derived exosomes from active BU patients, and determined the level of neutrophil activation by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and cytokine detection assay. The results revealed that exosomes from active BU patients could activate neutrophils as shown by increasing the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17 and IL-6), chemokines (IL-8 and MCP-1), and NETs (MPO and ELANE). Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of plasma-derived exosomes from patients and healthy controls found a remarkably distinct protein profile and identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the two groups. The results of GO, KEGG, and GSEA enrichment analysis showed that DEPs were enriched in innate immune-mediated and neutrophil hyperactivation-related signaling pathways. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis determined that SHP2 was a downregulated key hub protein in the exosomes of active BU patients. Knockdown of SHP2 in human neutrophil cell lines (NB4 cells) was shown to promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and NETs. The converse effects were observed following SHP2 overexpression. In conclusion, we highlighted a pathogenic role of plasma-derived exosomal SHP2 deficiency in facilitating neutrophil activation and suggested that SHP2 might be an immunoprotective factor in BU pathologic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shiyao Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Rong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shenglan Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, PR China.
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Simuni T, Chahine LM, Poston K, Brumm M, Buracchio T, Campbell M, Chowdhury S, Coffey C, Concha-Marambio L, Dam T, DiBiaso P, Foroud T, Frasier M, Gochanour C, Jennings D, Kieburtz K, Kopil CM, Merchant K, Mollenhauer B, Montine T, Nudelman K, Pagano G, Seibyl J, Sherer T, Singleton A, Stephenson D, Stern M, Soto C, Tanner CM, Tolosa E, Weintraub D, Xiao Y, Siderowf A, Dunn B, Marek K. A biological definition of neuronal α-synuclein disease: towards an integrated staging system for research. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:178-190. [PMID: 38267190 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies are currently defined by their clinical features, with α-synuclein pathology as the gold standard to establish the definitive diagnosis. We propose that, given biomarker advances enabling accurate detection of pathological α-synuclein (ie, misfolded and aggregated) in CSF using the seed amplification assay, it is time to redefine Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies as neuronal α-synuclein disease rather than as clinical syndromes. This major shift from a clinical to a biological definition of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies takes advantage of the availability of tools to assess the gold standard for diagnosis of neuronal α-synuclein (n-αsyn) in human beings during life. Neuronal α-synuclein disease is defined by the presence of pathological n-αsyn species detected in vivo (S; the first biological anchor) regardless of the presence of any specific clinical syndrome. On the basis of this definition, we propose that individuals with pathological n-αsyn aggregates are at risk for dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction (D; the second biological anchor). Our biological definition establishes a staging system, the neuronal α-synuclein disease integrated staging system (NSD-ISS), rooted in the biological anchors (S and D) and the degree of functional impairment caused by clinical signs or symptoms. Stages 0-1 occur without signs or symptoms and are defined by the presence of pathogenic variants in the SNCA gene (stage 0), S alone (stage 1A), or S and D (stage 1B). The presence of clinical manifestations marks the transition to stage 2 and beyond. Stage 2 is characterised by subtle signs or symptoms but without functional impairment. Stages 2B-6 require both S and D and stage-specific increases in functional impairment. A biological definition of neuronal α-synuclein disease and an NSD-ISS research framework are essential to enable interventional trials at early disease stages. The NSD-ISS will evolve to include the incorporation of data-driven definitions of stage-specific functional anchors and additional biomarkers as they emerge and are validated. Presently, the NSD-ISS is intended for research use only; its application in the clinical setting is premature and inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Simuni
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Lana M Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Poston
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael Brumm
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Teresa Buracchio
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Campbell
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sohini Chowdhury
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Peter DiBiaso
- Patient Advisory Council, New York, NY, USA; Clinical Solutions and Strategic Partnerships, WCG Clinical, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark Frasier
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Gochanour
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Karl Kieburtz
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Catherine M Kopil
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kalpana Merchant
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen and Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Thomas Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Nudelman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - John Seibyl
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Todd Sherer
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane Stephenson
- Critical Path for Parkinson's, Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew Stern
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- Amprion, San Diego, CA, USA; Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- University of Pennsylvania and the Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuge Xiao
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Billy Dunn
- The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA
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Lapshina KV, Ekimova IV. Aquaporin-4 and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1672. [PMID: 38338949 PMCID: PMC10855351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The water-selective channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is implicated in water homeostasis and the functioning of the glymphatic system, which eliminates various metabolites from the brain tissue, including amyloidogenic proteins. Misfolding of the α-synuclein protein and its post-translational modifications play a crucial role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleopathies, leading to the formation of cytotoxic oligomers and aggregates that cause neurodegeneration. Human and animal studies have shown an interconnection between AQP4 dysfunction and α-synuclein accumulation; however, the specific role of AQP4 in these mechanisms remains unclear. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of AQP4 dysfunction in the progression of α-synuclein pathology, considering the possible effects of AQP4 dysregulation on brain molecular mechanisms that can impact α-synuclein modification, accumulation and aggregation. It also highlights future directions that can help study the role of AQP4 in the functioning of the protective mechanisms of the brain during the development of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia V. Lapshina
- Laboratory of Comparative Thermophysiology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
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45
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Kolacheva A, Pavlova E, Bannikova A, Bogdanov V, Ugrumov M. Initial Molecular Mechanisms of the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease in a Mouse Neurotoxic Model of the Earliest Preclinical Stage of This Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1354. [PMID: 38279354 PMCID: PMC10816442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying the initial molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), primarily in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, is one of the priorities in neurology. Of particular interest is elucidating these mechanisms in the preclinical stage of PD, which lasts decades before diagnosis and is therefore not available for study in patients. Therefore, our main goal was to study the initial molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of PD in the striatum, the key center for dopamine regulation in motor function, in a mouse model of the earliest preclinical stage of PD, from 1 to 24 h after the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). It was shown that the content of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first enzyme in dopamine synthesis, does not change within 6 h after the administration of MPTP, but decreases after 24 h. In turn, TH activity increases after 1 h, decreases after 3 h, remains at the control level after 6 h, and decreases 24 h after the administration of MPTP. The concentration of dopamine in the striatum gradually decreases after MPTP administration, despite a decrease in its degradation. The identified initial molecular mechanisms of PD pathogenesis are considered as potential targets for the development of preventive neuroprotective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (V.B.)
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46
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So YJ, Lee JU, Yang GS, Yang G, Kim SW, Lee JH, Kim JU. The Potentiality of Natural Products and Herbal Medicine as Novel Medications for Parkinson's Disease: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1071. [PMID: 38256144 PMCID: PMC10816678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is steadily on the rise. PD demonstrates chronic and progressive characteristics, and many cases can transition into dementia. This increases societal and economic burdens, emphasizing the need to find effective treatments. Among the widely recognized causes of PD is the abnormal accumulation of proteins, and autophagy dysfunction accelerates this accumulation. The resultant Lewy bodies are also commonly found in Alzheimer's disease patients, suggesting an increased potential for the onset of dementia. Additionally, the production of free radicals due to mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neuronal damage and degeneration. The activation of astrocytes and the M1 phenotype of microglia promote damage to dopamine neurons. The drugs currently used for PD only delay the clinical progression and exacerbation of the disease without targeting its root cause, and come with various side effects. Thus, there is a demand for treatments with fewer side effects, with much potential offered by natural products. In this study, we reviewed a total of 14 articles related to herbal medicines and natural products and investigated their relevance to possible PD treatment. The results showed that the reviewed herbal medicines and natural products are effective against lysosomal disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, key mechanisms underlying PD. Therefore, natural products and herbal medicines can reduce neurotoxicity and might improve both motor and non-motor symptoms associated with PD. Furthermore, these products, with their multi-target effects, enhance bioavailability, inhibit antibiotic resistance, and might additionally eliminate side effects, making them good alternative therapies for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin So
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Ga-Seung Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Gabsik Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Sung-Wook Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
- Da CaPo Co., Ltd., 303 Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
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47
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Bidgood R, Zubelzu M, Ruiz-Ortega JA, Morera-Herreras T. Automated procedure to detect subtle motor alterations in the balance beam test in a mouse model of early Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:862. [PMID: 38195974 PMCID: PMC10776624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common motor neurodegenerative disorder, characterised by aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) constituting Lewy bodies. We aimed to investigate temporal changes in motor impairments in a PD mouse model induced by overexpression of α-syn with the conventional manual analysis of the balance beam test and a novel approach using machine learning algorithms to automate behavioural analysis. We combined automated animal tracking using markerless pose estimation in DeepLabCut, with automated behavioural classification in Simple Behavior Analysis. Our automated procedure was able to detect subtle motor deficits in mouse performances in the balance beam test that the manual analysis approach could not assess. The automated model revealed time-course significant differences for the "walking" behaviour in the mean interval between each behavioural bout, the median event bout duration and the classifier probability of occurrence in male PD mice, even though no statistically significant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase in the nigrostriatal system was found in either sex. These findings are valuable for early detection of motor impairment in early PD animal models. We provide a user-friendly, step-by-step guide for automated assessment of mouse performances in the balance beam test, which aims to be replicable without any significant computational and programming knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Bidgood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Biscay, Spain
| | - Maider Zubelzu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Biscay, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biobizkaia, Barakaldo, Biscay, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Ruiz-Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Biscay, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biobizkaia, Barakaldo, Biscay, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940, Leioa, Biscay, Spain.
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biobizkaia, Barakaldo, Biscay, Spain.
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48
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Yu X, Jia Y, Dong Y. Research progress on the cannabinoid type-2 receptor and Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1298166. [PMID: 38264546 PMCID: PMC10804458 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1298166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is featured by movement impairments, including tremors, bradykinesia, muscle stiffness, and imbalance. PD is also associated with many non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive impairments, dementia, and mental disorders. Previous studies identify the associations between PD progression and factors such as α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cell death. The cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2 receptor) is a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor and has been extensively studied as part of the endocannabinoid system. CB2 receptor is recently emerged as a promising target for anti-inflammatory treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. It is reported to modulate mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, iron transport, and neuroinflammation that contribute to neuronal cell death. Additionally, CB2 receptor possesses the potential to provide feedback on electrophysiological processes, offering new possibilities for PD treatment. This review summarized the mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis. We also discussed the potential regulatory role played by CB2 receptor in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Yu
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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49
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Ratan Y, Rajput A, Pareek A, Pareek A, Jain V, Sonia S, Farooqui Z, Kaur R, Singh G. Advancements in Genetic and Biochemical Insights: Unraveling the Etiopathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 38254673 PMCID: PMC10813470 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide, which is primarily characterized by motor impairments. Even though multiple hypotheses have been proposed over the decades that explain the pathogenesis of PD, presently, there are no cures or promising preventive therapies for PD. This could be attributed to the intricate pathophysiology of PD and the poorly understood molecular mechanism. To address these challenges comprehensively, a thorough disease model is imperative for a nuanced understanding of PD's underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review offers a detailed analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD, with a particular emphasis on the roles played by gene-based factors in the disease's development and progression. This study includes an extensive discussion of the proteins and mutations of primary genes that are linked to PD, including α-synuclein, GBA1, LRRK2, VPS35, PINK1, DJ-1, and Parkin. Further, this review explores plausible mechanisms for DAergic neural loss, non-motor and non-dopaminergic pathologies, and the risk factors associated with PD. The present study will encourage the related research fields to understand better and analyze the current status of the biochemical mechanisms of PD, which might contribute to the design and development of efficacious and safe treatment strategies for PD in future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sonia Sonia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Zeba Farooqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India;
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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50
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Di Lazzaro G, Picca A, Boldrini S, Bove F, Marzetti E, Petracca M, Piano C, Bentivoglio AR, Calabresi P. Differential profiles of serum cytokines in Parkinson's disease according to disease duration. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106371. [PMID: 38061398 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are two intertwined mechanisms contributing to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Whether circulating biomarkers reflecting those two processes differ according to disease duration remains to be established. The present study was conducted to characterize the biomarkers individuals with PD with short (≤5 years) or long disease duration (>5 years). METHODS We consecutively enrolled 104 patients with Parkinson's disease and evaluated them using validated clinical scales (MDS-UPDRS, Hoehn and Yahr staging, MMSE). Serum samples were assayed for the following biomarkers: neurofilament light chain (NfL), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin (IL-) 1β, 4, 5, 6, 10, 17, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor α. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 66.0 ± 9.6 years and 45 (34%) were women. The average disease duration was 8 ± 5 years (range 1 to 19 years). Patients with short disease duration (≤ 5 years) showed a pro-inflammatory profile, with significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and lower concentrations of IL-5, IL-10 and IL-17 (p < 0.05). NfL serum levels showed a positive correlation with disease duration and age (respectively rho = 0.248, p = 0.014 and rho = 0.559, p < 0.001) while an opposite pattern was detected for BDNF (respectively rho -0,187, p = 0.034 and rho = -0.245, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory status may be observed in PD patients in the early phases of the disease, independently from age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Bove
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Petracca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Piano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bentivoglio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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