1
|
Weaver DF. Endogenous Antimicrobial-Immunomodulatory Molecules: Networking Biomolecules of Innate Immunity. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400089. [PMID: 38658319 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous antimicrobial-immunomodulatory molecules (EAIMs) are essential to immune-mediated human health and evolution. Conventionally, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been regarded as the dominant endogenous antimicrobial molecule; however, AMPs are not sufficient to account for the full spectrum of antimicrobial-immunomodulatory duality occurring within the human body. The threat posed by pathogenic microbes is pervasive with the capacity for widespread impact across many organ systems and multiple biochemical pathways; accordingly, the host needs the capacity to react with an equally diverse response. This can be attained by having EAIMs that traverse the full range of molecular size (small to large molecules) and structural diversity (including molecules other than peptides). This review identifies multiple molecules (peptide/protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, small organic molecule, and metallic cation) as EAIMs and discusses the possibility of cooperative, additive effects amongst the various EAIM classes during the host response to a microbial assault. This comprehensive consideration of the full molecular diversity of EAIMs enables the conclusion that EAIMs constitute a previously uncatalogued structurally diverse and collectively underappreciated immuno-active group of integrated molecular responders within the innate immune system's first line of defence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Weaver
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicine, University of Toronto, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5Y 0S8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao X, Zhang Y, Luo B. Ferroptosis, from the virus point of view: opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38588443 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2340643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death, which is mainly dependent on the formation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides mediated by iron. It is distinct from other forms of regulation of cell death in morphology, immunology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Various cell death mechanisms have been observed in many viral infections, and virus-induced cell death has long been considered as a double-edged sword that can inhibit or aggravate viral infections. However, understanding of the role of ferroptosis in various viral infections is limited. Special attention will be paid to the mechanisms of ferroptosis in mediating viral infection and antiviral treatment associated with ferroptosis. In this paper, we outlined the mechanism of ferroptosis. Additionally, this paper also review research on ferroptosis from the perspective of the virus, discussed the research status of ferroptosis in virus infection and classified and summarized research on the interaction between viral infections and ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang LN, Tan JT, Ng HY, Liao YS, Zhang RQ, Chan KH, Hung IFN, Lam TTY, Cheung KS. Association between Gut Microbiota Composition and Long-Term Vaccine Immunogenicity following Three Doses of CoronaVac. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:365. [PMID: 38675747 PMCID: PMC11055114 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutralizing antibody level wanes with time after COVID-19 vaccination. We aimed to study the relationship between baseline gut microbiota and immunogenicity after three doses of CoronaVac. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study recruiting three-dose CoronaVac recipients from two centers in Hong Kong. Blood samples were collected at baseline and one year post-first dose for virus microneutralization (vMN) assays to determine neutralization titers. The primary outcome was high immune response (defined as with vMN titer ≥ 40). Shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing of baseline fecal samples identified potential bacterial species and metabolic pathways using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify high response predictors. RESULTS In total, 36 subjects were recruited (median age: 52.7 years [IQR: 47.9-56.4]; male: 14 [38.9%]), and 18 had low immune response at one year post-first dose vaccination. Eubacterium rectale (log10LDA score = 4.15, p = 0.001; relative abundance of 1.4% vs. 0, p = 0.002), Collinsella aerofaciens (log10LDA score = 3.31, p = 0.037; 0.39% vs. 0.18%, p = 0.038), and Streptococcus salivarius (log10LDA score = 2.79, p = 0.021; 0.05% vs. 0.02%, p = 0.022) were enriched in low responders. The aOR of high immune response with E. rectale, C. aerofaciens, and S. salivarius was 0.03 (95% CI: 9.56 × 10-4-0.32), 0.03 (95% CI: 4.47 × 10-4-0.59), and 10.19 (95% CI: 0.81-323.88), respectively. S. salivarius had a positive correlation with pathways enriched in high responders like incomplete reductive TCA cycle (log10LDA score = 2.23). C. aerofaciens similarly correlated with amino acid biosynthesis-related pathways. These pathways all showed anti-inflammation functions. CONCLUSION E. rectale,C. aerofaciens, and S. salivarius correlated with poorer long-term immunogenicity following three doses of CoronaVac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Tong Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Yu Ng
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Shi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Immunology & Infection Limited, 17W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong
| | - Rui-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Centre for Immunology & Infection Limited, 17W Hong Kong Science & Technology Parks, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Daskou M, Fotooh Abadi L, Gain C, Wong M, Sharma E, Kombe Kombe AJ, Nanduri R, Kelesidis T. The Role of the NRF2 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Viral Respiratory Infections. Pathogens 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38251346 PMCID: PMC10819673 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, acute and chronic respiratory infections caused by viruses are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viruses infect airway epithelial cells and induce oxidative stress, yet the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress activates the transcription factor NRF2, which plays a key role in alleviating redox-induced cellular injury. The transcriptional activation of NRF2 has been reported to affect both viral replication and associated inflammation pathways. There is complex bidirectional crosstalk between virus replication and the NRF2 pathway because virus replication directly or indirectly regulates NRF2 expression, and NRF2 activation can reversely hamper viral replication and viral spread across cells and tissues. In this review, we discuss the complex role of the NRF2 pathway in the regulation of the pathogenesis of the main respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses. We also summarize the scientific evidence regarding the effects of the known NRF2 agonists that can be utilized to alter the NRF2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daskou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eashan Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.F.A.); (R.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fu D, Liang X, Jiang Y, Liu J, Lin X, Yang Q, Chen X, Huang P, Wang W, Wu W. Iron blocks autophagic flux and induces autophagosomes accumulation in microglia. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114054. [PMID: 37777083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential dietary micronutrient for maintaining physiological homeostasis. However, disruption of cerebral iron regulation with the accumulation of iron in different brain structures appears to have a role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have reported that autophagy induction could potentially mitigate progression in neurodegenerative diseases with iron deposition, but the relationship between autophagy and iron remains poorly understood. Meanwhile, abnormal autophagy in microglia is closely related to the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the effect of iron on microglia autophagy needs to be elaborated. In the present study, we found that iron induces autophagosome accumulation but inhibits its initiation in an Akt-mTOR pathway independent manner. Meanwhile, it caused autophagy flux defects and dysfunction of lysosomes. We also found that iron overload reduced the expression of Rab7, which is an essential protein for the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. These results suggest that iron induces the accumulation of autophagosome in microglia and disrupts the autophagic flux in late stage of autophagy. Therefore, our work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of iron neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xingyue Liang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; School of Advance Manufacture, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362251, China
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Jieping Liu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xiaosi Lin
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Quan Yang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Ping Huang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Wenlin Wu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; School of Advance Manufacture, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362251, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen C, Yin G, Hou L, Jiang Y, Sun D, Liang X, Han P, Zheng Y, Liu M. Reclamation of tidal flats to paddy soils reshuffles the soil microbiomes along a 53-year reclamation chronosequence: Evidence from assembly processes, co-occurrence patterns and multifunctionality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108151. [PMID: 37603994 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Coastal soil microbiomes play a key role in coastal ecosystem functioning and are intensely threatened by land reclamation. However, the impacts of coastal reclamation on soil microbial communities, particularly on their assembly processes, co-occurrence patterns, and the multiple soil functions they support, remain poorly understood. This impedes our capability to comprehensively evaluate the impacts of coastal reclamation on soil microbiomes and to restore coastal ecosystem functions degraded by reclamation. Here, we investigated the temporal dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities, community assembly processes, co-occurrence patterns, and ecosystem multifunctionality along a 53-year chronosequence of paddy soil following reclamation from tidal flats. Reclamation of tidal flats to paddy soils resulted in decreased β-diversity, increased homogeneous selection, and decreased network complexity and robustness of both bacterial and fungal communities, but caused contrasting α-diversity response patterns of them. Reclamation of tidal flats to paddy soils also decreased the multifunctionality of coastal ecosystems, which was largely associated with the fungal network complexity and α-diversity. Collectively, this work demonstrates that coastal reclamation strongly reshaped the soil microbiomes at the level of assembly mechanisms, interaction patterns, and functionality level, and highlights that soil fungal community complexity should be considered as a key factor in restoring coastal ecosystem functions deteriorated by land reclamation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yinghui Jiang
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongyao Sun
- School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ping Han
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Yang S, Dai Q, Guo X, Li Y, Li W, Yang X, Yang J, Yan X, Tao H, Luo C, Li S, Chen X, Cao R, Zhong W. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Molnupiravir against Zika virus infections. Virol Sin 2023; 38:639-642. [PMID: 37268161 PMCID: PMC10436044 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
•Molnupiravir exhibits effective antiviral activity against ZIKV in vitro. •Intraperitoneal administration of Molnupiravir protects mice from lethal ZIKV challenge. •Molnupiravir might act on the replication phase of the ZIKV life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shaokang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China; College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Qingsong Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaojia Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuexiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China; Song Li's Academician Workstation of Hainan University (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences), Yazhou Bay, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xintong Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China; Song Li's Academician Workstation of Hainan University (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences), Yazhou Bay, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Huimin Tao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chongda Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China; Song Li's Academician Workstation of Hainan University (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences), Yazhou Bay, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Song Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China; Song Li's Academician Workstation of Hainan University (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences), Yazhou Bay, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Ruiyuan Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zara V, Assalve G, Ferramosca A. Insights into the malfunctioning of the mitochondrial citrate carrier: Implications for cell pathology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166758. [PMID: 37209873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial citrate carrier (CIC) is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family and is responsible for the transit of tricarboxylates and dicarboxylates across the inner membrane. By modulating the flux of these molecules, it represents the molecular link between catabolic and anabolic reactions that take place in distinct cellular sub-compartments. Therefore, this transport protein represents an important element of investigation both in physiology and in pathology. In this review we critically analyze the involvement of the mitochondrial CIC in several human pathologies, which can be divided into two subgroups, one characterized by a decrease and the other by an increase in the flux of citrate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In particular, a decrease in the activity of the mitochondrial CIC is responsible for several congenital diseases of different severity, which are also characterized by the increase in urinary levels of L-2- and D-2-hydroxyglutaric acids. On the other hand, an increase in the activity of the mitochondrial CIC is involved, in various ways, in the onset of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Then, understanding the role of CIC and the mechanisms driving the flux of metabolic intermediates between mitochondria and cytosol would potentially allow for manipulation and control of metabolism in pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Zara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Graziana Assalve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferramosca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh J, Anantharaj A, Panwar A, Rani C, Bhardwaj M, Kumar P, Chattopadhyay P, Devi P, Maurya R, Mishra P, Pandey AK, Pandey R, Medigeshi GR. BA.1, BA.2 and BA.2.75 variants show comparable replication kinetics, reduced impact on epithelial barrier and elicit cross-neutralizing antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011196. [PMID: 36827451 PMCID: PMC9994724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting unvaccinated, vaccinated and previously-infected individuals due to its ability to evade neutralization by antibodies. With multiple sub-lineages of Omicron emerging in the last 12 months, there is inadequate information on the quantitative antibody response generated upon natural infection with Omicron variant and whether these antibodies offer cross-protection against other sub-lineages of Omicron variant. In this study, we characterized the growth kinetics of Kappa, Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 cells. Relatively higher amounts infectious virus titers, cytopathic effect and disruption of epithelial barrier functions was observed with Delta variant whereas infection with Omicron sub-lineages led to a more robust induction of interferon pathway, lower level of virus replication and mild effect on epithelial barrier. The replication kinetics of BA.1, BA.2 and BA.2.75 sub-lineages of the Omicron variant were comparable in cell culture and natural infection in a subset of individuals led to a significant increase in binding and neutralizing antibodies to the Delta variant and all the three sub-lineages of Omicron but the level of neutralizing antibodies were lowest against the BA.2.75 variant. Finally, we show that Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ salts inhibited in vitro RdRp activity but only Cu2+ and Fe2+ inhibited both the Delta and Omicron variants in cell culture. Thus, our results suggest that high levels of interferons induced upon infection with Omicron variant may counter virus replication and spread. Waning neutralizing antibody titers rendered subjects susceptible to infection by Omicron variants and natural Omicron infection elicits neutralizing antibodies that can cross-react with other sub-lineages of Omicron and other variants of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janmejay Singh
- Bioassay Laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Anbalagan Anantharaj
- Bioassay Laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Aleksha Panwar
- Bioassay Laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Chitra Rani
- Bioassay Laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Bhardwaj
- Bioassay Laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Bioassay Laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Partha Chattopadhyay
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priti Devi
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ranjeet Maurya
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pandey
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Guruprasad R. Medigeshi
- Bioassay Laboratory and Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan Q, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Zhou P, Lai Y, Liu C, Wu P, Zhuang H, Huang H, Li G, Zhan S, Lao Z, Liu X. Transcriptomic reveals the ferroptosis features of host response in a mouse model of Zika virus infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28386. [PMID: 36477858 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic flavivirus. The outbreak of ZIKV in 2016 created a global health emergency. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated the host response features of in vivo replication in a mouse model of ZIKV infection, by performing a series of transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses of ZIKV and mock-infected brain tissue. Tissue damage, inflammatory cells infiltration and high viral replication were observed in the brain tissue of ZIKV infected mice. RNA-Seq of the brain indicated the activation of ferroptosis pathways. Enrichment analysis of ferroptosis regulators revealed their involvement in pathways such as mineral absorption, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, peroxidase, and adipokinesine signalling pathway. We then identified 12 interacted hub ferroptosis regulators (CYBB, HMOX1, CP, SAT1, TF, SLC39A14, FTL, LPCAT3, FTH1, SLC3A2, TP53, and SLC40A1) that were related to the differential expression of CD8+ T cells, microglia and monocytes. CYBB, HMOX1, SALT, and SLAC40A1 were selected as potential biomarkers of ZIKV infection. Finally, we validated our results using RT-qPCR and outside available datasets. For the first time, we proposed a possible mechanism of ferroptosis in brain tissue infected by ZIKV in mice and identified the four key ferroptosis regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Animal Biosafety Level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2), Animal Laboratory Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiang Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Animal Biosafety Level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2), Animal Laboratory Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiwen Zhou
- Animal Biosafety Level 3 laboratory (ABSL-3), Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Yanni Lai
- Department of Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Basic Medical Sciences School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfa Zhuang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Animal Biosafety Level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2), Animal Laboratory Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Animal Biosafety Level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2), Animal Laboratory Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang H, Li Y, Yang R, Xiao L, Dong S, Lin J, Liu G, Shan H. Erastin inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication in Vero cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1142173. [PMID: 36936772 PMCID: PMC10015705 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an intestinal pathogenic coronavirus, has caused significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. At present, there are several treatment methods, but there is still a lack of clinically effective targeted drugs, new antiviral mechanisms and drugs need to be explored. Methods In this study, we established a model of erastin versus ferrostatin-1 treatment of Vero cells, and then detected virus proliferation and gene expression by RT-qPCR through PEDV infection experiments. Results We demonstrated for the first time that erastin significantly inhibited the replication of PEDV upon entry into cells; Vero treated with erastin significantly regulated the expression of three genes, NRF2, ACSL4 and GPX4, notably erastin regulated the expression of these three genes negatively correlated with the expression induced by PEDV virus infection. Conclusions Since NRF2, ACSL4 and GPX4 are classical Ferroptosis genes, this study speculates that erastin may inhibit the replication of PEDV in Vero cells in part through the regulation of ferroptosis pathway, and erastin may be a potential drug for the treatment of PEDV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingguang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruimei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Rushanzhai Town, Rushan Animal Husbandry Development Center, Weihai, China
| | - Shaoming Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaxu Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Liu, ; Hu Shan,
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Liu, ; Hu Shan,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferroptosis in viral infection: the unexplored possibility. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1905-1915. [PMID: 34873317 PMCID: PMC8646346 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced cell death has long been thought of as a double-edged sword in the inhibition or exacerbation of viral infections. The vital role of iron, an essential element for various enzymes in the maintenance of cellular physiology and efficient viral replication, places it at the crossroads and makes it a micronutrient of competition between the viruses and the host. Viruses can interrupt iron uptake and the antioxidant response system, while others can utilize iron transporter proteins as receptors. Interestingly, the unavailability of iron facilitates certain viral infections and causes cell death characterized by lipid peroxide accumulation and malfunction of the antioxidant system. In this review, we discuss how iron uptake, regulation and metabolism, including the redistribution of iron in the host defense system during viral infection, can induce ferroptosis. Fenton reactions, a central characteristic of ferroptosis, are caused by the increased iron content in the cell. Therefore, viral infections that increase cellular iron content or intestinal iron absorption are likely to cause ferroptosis. In addition, we discuss the hijacking of the iron regulatoy pathway and the antioxidant response, both of which are typical in viral infections. Understanding the potential signaling mechanisms of ferroptosis in viral infections will aid in the development of new therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
13
|
Inhibitory effect and mechanism of gelatin stabilized ferrous sulfide nanoparticles on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:70. [PMID: 35123507 PMCID: PMC8817501 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The infection and spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) pose a serious threat to the global pig industry, and inhibiting the viral infection process is a promising treatment strategy. Nanomaterials can interact with viruses and have attracted much attention due to their large specific surface area and unique physicochemical properties. Ferrous sulfide nanoparticles (FeS NPs) with the characteristics of high reactivity, large specific surface area, and low cost are widely applied to environmental remediation, catalysis, energy storage and medicine. However, there is no report on the application of FeS NPs in the antiviral field. In this study, gelatin stabilized FeS nanoparticles (Gel-FeS NPs) were large-scale synthesized rapidly by the one-pot method of co-precipitation of Fe2+ and S2‒. Results The prepared Gel-FeS NPs exhibited good stability and dispersibility with an average diameter of 47.3 nm. Additionally, they were characterized with good biocompatibility and high antiviral activity against PRRSV proliferation in the stages of adsorption, invasion, and replication. Conclusions We reported for the first time the virucidal and antiviral activity of Gel-FeS NPs. The synthesized Gel-FeS NPs exhibited good dispersibility and biocompatibility as well as effective inhibition on PRRSV proliferation. Moreover, the Fe2+ released from degraded Gel-FeS NPs still displayed an antiviral effect, demonstrating the advantage of Gel-FeS NPs as an antiviral nanomaterial compared to other nanomaterials. This work highlighted the antiviral effect of Gel-FeS NPs and provided a new strategy for ferrous-based nanoparticles against PRRSV. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01281-4.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferric Ammonium Citrate Upregulates PD-L1 Expression through Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6284124. [PMID: 35083343 PMCID: PMC8786474 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6284124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron plays an important role in macrophage polarization by altering metabolic and redox status. However, the impact of iron on the immune status of macrophages is still controversial. In this study, we report that ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) upregulates PD-L1 expression in macrophages. FAC not only altered the phenotype of macrophages but also led to enriching immune-modulatory T cell subsets. Since iron is known to be a constituent of coenzymes facilitating metabolic processes in mitochondria, we examined the metabolic status of FAC-overloaded macrophages by measuring the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the represented coenzyme, aconitase. In addition to enhancement of metabolic processes, FAC accelerated the Fenton reaction in macrophages, which also contributed to the facilitation of oxygen consumption. We reasoned that the enhancement of the OCR leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are directly linked to PD-L1 induction. Using ferrostatin, rotenone, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, we confirmed that metabolic and redox regulation is responsible for FAC-mediated PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, we suggested that FAC-induced ROS production may explain FAC-mediated pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in macrophages. These findings may extend our understanding of regulating iron concentration during immune checkpoint therapy in cancer patients.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Sun J, Sun L, Ye Y, Chen H, Xiao J, He G, Hu J, Chen G, Zhou H, Dong X, Ma W, Zhang B, Liu T. The Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus Infection and Its Association With Iron (Fe) Level in Pregnant Women in Guangzhou, China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:759728. [PMID: 34957145 PMCID: PMC8702999 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.759728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is regarded as the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. However, information of dengue virus (DENV) infection in pregnant women and the influence factors remain unclear. In this study, we extracted information of 2,076 pregnant women from the Prenatal Environment and Offspring Health (PEOH) birth cohort conducted since 2016 in Guangzhou, China. Peripheral blood and clean midstream urine samples of participants were collected during their hospitalization for childbirth. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies of DENV in serum samples, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to determine the Fe concentrations in the urine samples, which were then adjusted for by urine creatinine and transformed by natural logarithm (ln-Fe). The seroprevalence of DENV IgG antibody in all included participants was 2.22% (46/2,076). We observed higher seroprevalence of IgG antibody in women aged ≥35 years (2.9%), education ≤ 12 years (2.5%), yearly income per capita <100,000 yuan (2.4%), no use of air-conditioner (2.4%), no use of mosquito coils (2.3%), and no exercise during pregnancy (4.1%). A U-shaped relationship was found between ln-Fe concentration and the risk of positive IgG antibody. Compared with women with ln-Fe concentration of 2.0–2.9 μg/g creatinine, slightly higher risks of positive IgG antibody were found among women with ≤2.0 (RR = 4.16, 95% CI: 0.78, 19.91), 3.0–3.9 (RR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.65, 7.08), 4.0–4.9 (RR = 2.19, 95% CI: 0.65, 8.51), and ≥5.0 μg/g creatinine of ln-Fe (RR = 2.42, 95% CI: 0.46, 11.33). Our findings suggested that the seroprevalence of dengue IgG antibody in pregnant women was comparable to the general population in Guangzhou, China. The risk of DENV infection may be associated with maternal demographic characteristics and behaviors. Both maternal low and high Fe concentrations may be positively associated with the risk of DENV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Ye
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanwei Chen
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guimin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Das A, Roy S, Swarnakar S, Chatterjee N. Understanding the immunological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 pandemic: A therapeutic approach. Clin Immunol 2021; 231:108804. [PMID: 34303849 PMCID: PMC8378842 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel variant of coronavirus has emerged from Wuhan in China and has created havoc impulses across the world with a larger number of fatalities. At the same time, studies are on roll to discover potent vaccine against it or repurposing of approved drugs which are widely adopted are under trial to eradicate the SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 pandemic. Reports have also shown that there are asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 disease who can transmit the disease to others too. However, the first line defense of the viral attack is body's strong and well-coordinated immune response producing excessive inflammatory innate reaction, thus impaired adaptive host immune defense which lead to death upon the malfunctioning. Considerable works are going on to establish the relation between immune parameters and viral replication that, might alter both the innate and adaptive immune system of COVID-19 patient by up riding a massive cytokines and chemokines secretion. This review mainly gives an account on how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with our immune system and how does our immune system responds to it, along with that drugs which are being used or can be used in fighting COVID-19 disease. The curative therapies as treatment for it have also been addressed in the perspective of adaptive immunity of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Das
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sraddhya Roy
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Snehasikta Swarnakar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khan N, Halcrow PW, Lakpa LK, Rehan M, Chen X, Geiger JD. Endolysosome iron restricts Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation by increasing HIV-1 Tat oligomerization and β-catenin expression. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:755-773. [PMID: 34550543 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein is required for HIV-1 replication, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HIV-1 Tat can enter cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis where it can reside in endolysosomes; upon its escape from these acidic organelles, HIV-1 Tat can enter the cytosol and nucleus where it activates the HIV-1 LTR promoter. Although it is known that HIV-1 replication is affected by the iron status of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH), very little is known about how iron affects HIV-1 Tat activation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter. Because HIV-1 proteins de-acidify endolysosomes and endolysosome de-acidification affects subcellular levels and actions of iron, we tested the hypothesis that the endolysosome pool of iron is sufficient to affect Tat-induced HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Ferric (Fe3+) and ferrous (Fe2+) iron both restricted Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Chelation of endolysosome iron with deferoxamine (DFO) and 2-2 bipyridyl, but not chelation of cytosolic iron with deferiprone and deferasirox, significantly enhanced Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. In the presence of iron, HIV-1 Tat increasingly oligomerized and DFO prevented the oligomerization. DFO also reduced protein expression levels of the HIV-1 restriction agent beta-catenin in the cytosol and nucleus. These findings suggest that DFO increases HIV-1 LTR transactivation by increasing levels of the more active dimeric form of Tat relative to the less active oligomerized form of Tat, increasing the escape of dimeric Tat from endolysosomes, and/or reducing beta-catenin protein expression levels. Thus, intracellular iron might play a significant role in regulating HIV-1 replication, and these findings raise cautionary notes for chelation therapies in PLWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Peter W Halcrow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Leo K Lakpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zeng X, An H, Yu F, Wang K, Zheng L, Zhou W, Bao Y, Yang J, Shen N, Huang D. Benefits of Iron Chelators in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1239-1251. [PMID: 33646533 PMCID: PMC8053182 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a novel discovered regulated cell death pattern, ferroptosis has been associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has attracted widespread attention. Nevertheless, the relationship between ferroptosis and PD pathogenesis is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of iron overload on dopaminergic (DA) neurons and its correlation with ferroptosis. Here we use nerve growth factor (NGF) induced PC12 cells which are derived from pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal to establish a classical PD in vitro model. We found significantly decreased cell viability in NGF-PC12 cell under ammonium ferric citrate (FAC) administration. Moreover, excessive intracellular iron ions induced the increase of (reactive oxygen species) ROS release as well as the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12-NGF cells. In addition, we also found that overloaded iron can activate cell apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways, which led to cell death. Furthermore, MPP-induced PD cells were characterized by mitochondrial shrinkage, decreased expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1), and increased divalent metal transporter (DMT1) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) expression level. In contrast, Lip-1 and DFO increased the expression level of GPX4 and FTH1 compared to MPP-induced PD cell. In conclusion, we indicated that overloaded intracellular iron contributes to neurons death via apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways, while DFO, an iron chelator, can inhibit ferroptosis in order to protect the neurons in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hedi An
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lanlan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yiwen Bao
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Dongya Huang
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gorji A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Potential roles of micronutrient deficiency and immune system dysfunction in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nutrition 2021; 82:111047. [PMID: 33277150 PMCID: PMC7647394 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary studies indicate that a robust immune response across different cell types is crucial in recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An enormous number of investigations point to the vital importance of various micronutrients in the interactions between the host immune system and viruses, including COVID-19. There are complex and multifaceted links among micronutrient status, the host immune response, and the virulence of pathogenic viruses. Micronutrients play a critical role in the coordinated recruitment of innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections, particularly in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory host responses. Furthermore, inadequate amounts of micronutrients not only weaken the immune system in combating viral infections, but also contribute to the emergence of more virulent strains via alterations of the genetic makeup of the viral genome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence that suggests the contribution of micronutrients in the spread as well as the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. Both the presence of micronutrient deficiencies among infected individuals and the effect of micronutrient supplementation on the immune responses and overall outcome of the disease could be of great interest when weighing the use of micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. These investigations could be of great value in dealing with future viral epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Mitochondrial Citrate Carrier SLC25A1/CIC and the Fundamental Role of Citrate in Cancer, Inflammation and Beyond. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020141. [PMID: 33499062 PMCID: PMC7912299 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial citrate/isocitrate carrier, CIC, has been shown to play an important role in a growing list of human diseases. CIC belongs to a large family of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transporters that serve the fundamental function of allowing the transit of ions and metabolites through the impermeable mitochondrial membrane. Citrate is central to mitochondrial metabolism and respiration and plays fundamental activities in the cytosol, serving as a metabolic substrate, an allosteric enzymatic regulator and, as the source of Acetyl-Coenzyme A, also as an epigenetic modifier. In this review, we highlight the complexity of the mechanisms of action of this transporter, describing its involvement in human diseases and the therapeutic opportunities for targeting its activity in several pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Jarach N, Dodiuk H, Kenig S. Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1727. [PMID: 32752109 PMCID: PMC7464166 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral polymers are part of a major campaign led by the scientific community in recent years. Facing this most demanding of campaigns, two main approaches have been undertaken by scientists. First, the classic approach involves the development of relatively small molecules having antiviral properties to serve as drugs. The other approach involves searching for polymers with antiviral properties to be used as prescription medications or viral spread prevention measures. This second approach took two distinct directions. The first, using polymers as antiviral drug-delivery systems, taking advantage of their biodegradable properties. The second, using polymers with antiviral properties for on-contact virus elimination, which will be the focus of this review. Anti-viral polymers are obtained by either the addition of small antiviral molecules (such as metal ions) to obtain ion-containing polymers with antiviral properties or the use of polymers composed of an organic backbone and electrically charged moieties like polyanions, such as carboxylate containing polymers, or polycations such as quaternary ammonium containing polymers. Other approaches include moieties hybridized by sulphates, carboxylic acids, or amines and/or combining repeating units with a similar chemical structure to common antiviral drugs. Furthermore, elevated temperatures appear to increase the anti-viral effect of ions and other functional moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Kenig
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Pernick Faculty of Engineering, Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, Raman-Gan 52562, Israel; (N.J.); (H.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khan N, Chen X, Geiger JD. Role of Divalent Cations in HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenicity. Viruses 2020; 12:E471. [PMID: 32326317 PMCID: PMC7232465 DOI: 10.3390/v12040471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Divalent cations are essential for life and are fundamentally important coordinators of cellular metabolism, cell growth, host-pathogen interactions, and cell death. Specifically, for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), divalent cations are required for interactions between viral and host factors that govern HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity. Homeostatic regulation of divalent cations' levels and actions appear to change as HIV-1 infection progresses and as changes occur between HIV-1 and the host. In people living with HIV-1, dietary supplementation with divalent cations may increase HIV-1 replication, whereas cation chelation may suppress HIV-1 replication and decrease disease progression. Here, we review literature on the roles of zinc (Zn2+), iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), magnesium (Mg2+), selenium (Se2+), and copper (Cu2+) in HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity, as well as evidence that divalent cation levels and actions may be targeted therapeutically in people living with HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan D. Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA; (N.K.); (X.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao H, Cui C, Wang L, Jacobs-Lorena M, Wang S. Mosquito Microbiota and Implications for Disease Control. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:98-111. [PMID: 31866183 PMCID: PMC9827750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-transmitted diseases account for about 500 000 deaths every year. Blocking these pathogens in the mosquito vector before they are transmitted to humans is an effective strategy to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. Like most higher organisms, mosquitoes harbor a highly diverse and dynamic microbial flora that can be explored for prevention of pathogen transmission. Here we review the structure and function of the mosquito microbiota, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and discuss the potential of using components of the microbiota to thwart pathogen transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- CAS key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chunlai Cui
- CAS key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lili Wang
- CAS key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Correspondence: ,
| | - Sibao Wang
- CAS key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Correspondence: ,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu Y, Jia Y, Liao Y, Jiang X, Cheng Z. Fluorometric assay of iron(II) lactate hydrate and ammonium ferric citrate in food and medicine based on poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate)-enhanced Ag nanoclusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 225:117519. [PMID: 31521986 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate)-enhanced and D-penicillamine stabilized Ag nanoclusters (PSS-DPA-AgNCs) were prepared using one-step ultraviolet irradiation combined with microwave heating method, and the effects of the AgNCs photo-luminescence performance based on different types of polyelectrolytes and energy suppliers were studied detailedly. The as-prepared AgNCs can be used as a viable fluorescent probe for monitoring indirectly iron(II) lactate hydrate (ILH) and ammonium ferric citrate (AFC), respectively. The fluorescence (FL) quenching of PSS-DPA-AgNCs by Fe3+ (it is obtained from oxidized ILH/ionized AFC) mainly derives from a dynamic quenching process. Excellent linear relationships exist between the FL quenching degree of the AgNCs and the concentrations of ILH/AFC in the range of 0.17-6.00/0.067-3.33 μmol·L-1, and corresponding limit of detection (at 3σ/slope) is 12.4/6.04 nmol·L-1. Moreover, the AgNCs probe was extended to the assays of ILH in tablets, solid beverage or ILH additive and AFC in two kinds of edible salts or syrup with satisfactory results compared with the standard 1, 10-phenanthroline method. In addition, the AgNCs probe reveals a good temperature sensing capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yong Jia
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yunwen Liao
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China; Institute of Applied Chemistry, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Zhengjun Cheng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China; Institute of Applied Chemistry, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu Y, Tong L, Nie K, Wiwatanaratanabutr I, Sun P, Li Q, Yu X, Wu P, Wu T, Yu C, Liu Q, Bian Z, Wang P, Cheng G. Host serum iron modulates dengue virus acquisition by mosquitoes. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:2405-2415. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
26
|
Therapeutic Advances Against ZIKV: A Quick Response, a Long Way to Go. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030127. [PMID: 31480297 PMCID: PMC6789873 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that spread throughout the American continent in 2015 causing considerable worldwide social and health alarm due to its association with ocular lesions and microcephaly in newborns, and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases in adults. Nowadays, no licensed vaccines or antivirals are available against ZIKV, and thus, in this very short time, the scientific community has conducted enormous efforts to develop vaccines and antivirals. So that, different platforms (purified inactivated and live attenuated viruses, DNA and RNA nucleic acid based candidates, virus-like particles, subunit elements, and recombinant viruses) have been evaluated as vaccine candidates. Overall, these vaccines have shown the induction of vigorous humoral and cellular responses, the decrease of viremia and viral RNA levels in natural target organs, the prevention of vertical and sexual transmission, as well as that of ZIKV-associated malformations, and the protection of experimental animal models. Some of these vaccine candidates have already been assayed in clinical trials. Likewise, the search for antivirals have also been the focus of recent investigations, with dozens of compounds tested in cell culture and a few in animal models. Both direct acting antivirals (DAAs), directed to viral structural proteins and enzymes, and host acting antivirals (HAAs), directed to cellular factors affecting all steps of the viral life cycle (binding, entry, fusion, transcription, translation, replication, maturation, and egress), have been evaluated. It is expected that this huge collaborative effort will produce affordable and effective therapeutic and prophylactic tools to combat ZIKV and other related still unknown or nowadays neglected flaviviruses. Here, a comprehensive overview of the advances made in the development of therapeutic measures against ZIKV and the questions that still have to be faced are summarized.
Collapse
|
27
|
Svistunov AA, Osadchuk MA, Kireeva NV, Lazareva AE, Shorina DA, Vasil'eva IN, Savina TS, Tuaeva EM. Comparative effectiveness of vitamin-mineral complexes with iron in correcting iron deficiency in women in the outpatient setting. TERAPEVT ARKH 2018; 90:56-60. [PMID: 30701834 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2018.12.000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the efficacy of prophylactic administration of mineral-vitamin complexes "Feroglobin-B12" and "Complivit iron" with different degrees of Fe valence. MATERIALS AND METHODS 120 female subjects were examined. To determine the quality of life, the SF-36 questionnaire was used. The presence of anxiety was determined on the Spielberger-Khanin Alarm Scale. 30 women with a deficit of Fe were divided into 2 groups of 15 people each. The first group received "Ferroglobin-B12", the second - "Complivit iron" for a month. RESULTS In a month after the initiation of preventive therapy in women of the 1 group the content of Fe serum was normalized. In the second group, its concentration approached the control values. The difference in Fe content in the 1 and 2 groups was of a reliable nature. CONCLUSION The intake of "Ferroglobin-B12" was not accompanied by side effects, and performance indicators, social activity and mental health reached control values, unlike the group of patients taking Complivit iron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Svistunov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Osadchuk
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Kireeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Lazareva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Shorina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - I N Vasil'eva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - T S Savina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - E M Tuaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Department of Polyclinic Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saiz JC, Oya NJD, Blázquez AB, Escribano-Romero E, Martín-Acebes MA. Host-Directed Antivirals: A Realistic Alternative to Fight Zika Virus. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090453. [PMID: 30149598 PMCID: PMC6163279 DOI: 10.3390/v10090453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, was an almost neglected pathogen until its introduction in the Americas in 2015, where it has been responsible for a threat to global health, causing a great social and sanitary alarm due to its increased virulence, rapid spread, and an association with severe neurological and ophthalmological complications. Currently, no specific antiviral therapy against ZIKV is available, and treatments are palliative and mainly directed toward the relief of symptoms, such as fever and rash, by administering antipyretics, anti-histamines, and fluids for dehydration. Nevertheless, lately, search for antivirals has been a major aim in ZIKV investigations. To do so, screening of libraries from different sources, testing of natural compounds, and repurposing of drugs with known antiviral activity have allowed the identification of several antiviral candidates directed to both viral (structural proteins and enzymes) and cellular elements. Here, we present an updated review of current knowledge about anti-ZIKV strategies, focusing on host-directed antivirals as a realistic alternative to combat ZIKV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nereida Jiménez de Oya
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana-Belén Blázquez
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estela Escribano-Romero
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martín-Acebes
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|