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Demchuk AM, Esteves IM, Chang H, Sun J, McNaughton BL. Hierarchical Gradients of Encoded Spatial and Sensory Information in the Neocortex Are Attenuated by Dorsal Hippocampal Lesions. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1619232024. [PMID: 38942472 PMCID: PMC11293447 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1619-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
During navigation, the neocortex actively integrates learned spatial context with current sensory experience to guide behaviors. However, the relative encoding of spatial and sensorimotor information among cortical cells, and whether hippocampal feedback continues to modify these properties after learning, remains poorly understood. Thus, two-photon microscopy of male and female Thy1-GCaMP6s mice was used to longitudinally image neurons spanning superficial retrosplenial cortex and layers II-Va of primary and secondary motor cortices before and after bilateral dorsal hippocampal lesions. During behavior on a familiar cued treadmill, the locations of two obstacles were interchanged to decouple place-tuning from cue-tuning among position-correlated cells with fields at those locations. Subpopulations of place and cue cells each formed interareal gradients such that higher-level cortical regions exhibited higher fractions of place cells, whereas lower-level regions exhibited higher fractions of cue cells. Position-correlated cells in the motor cortex also formed translaminar gradients; more superficial cells were more likely to exhibit fields and were more sparsely and precisely tuned than deeper cells. After dorsal hippocampal lesions, a neural representation of the learned environment persisted, but retrosplenial cortex exhibited significantly increased cue-tuning, and, in motor cortices, both position-correlated cell recruitment and population activity at the unstable obstacle locations became more homogeneously elevated across laminae. Altogether, these results support that the hippocampus continues to modulate cortical responses in familiar environments, and the relative impact of descending feedback obeys hierarchical interareal and interlaminar gradients opposite to the flow of ascending sensory inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Demchuk
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Ingrid M Esteves
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - HaoRan Chang
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Foothills, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bruce L McNaughton
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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2
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Setiadi TM, Marsman JBC, Martens S, Tumati S, Opmeer EM, Reesink FE, De Deyn PP, Atienza M, Aleman A, Cantero JL. Alterations in Gray Matter Structural Networks in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Source-Based Morphometry Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD231196. [PMID: 39093069 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), considered as the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease, is characterized by isolated memory impairment and cerebral gray matter volume (GMV) alterations. Previous structural MRI studies in aMCI have been mainly based on univariate statistics using voxel-based morphometry. Objective We investigated structural network differences between aMCI patients and cognitively normal older adults by using source-based morphometry, a multivariate approach that considers the relationship between voxels of various parts of the brain. Methods Ninety-one aMCI patients and 80 cognitively normal controls underwent structural MRI and neuropsychological assessment. Spatially independent components (ICs) that covaried between participants were estimated and a multivariate analysis of covariance was performed with ICs as dependent variables, diagnosis as independent variable, and age, sex, education level, and site as covariates. Results aMCI patients exhibited reduced GMV in the precentral, temporo-cerebellar, frontal, and temporal network, and increased GMV in the left superior parietal network compared to controls (pFWER < 0.05, Holm-Bonferroni correction). Moreover, we found that diagnosis, more specifically aMCI, moderated the positive relationship between occipital network and Mini-Mental State Examination scores (pFWER < 0.05, Holm-Bonferroni correction). Conclusions Our results showed GMV alterations in temporo-fronto-parieto-cerebellar networks in aMCI, extending previous results obtained with univariate approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M Setiadi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Bernard C Marsman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Martens
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shankar Tumati
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esther M Opmeer
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health and Welfare, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Fransje E Reesink
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - André Aleman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose L Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Griffiths BJ, Schreiner T, Schaefer JK, Vollmar C, Kaufmann E, Quach S, Remi J, Noachtar S, Staudigl T. Electrophysiological signatures of veridical head direction in humans. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1334-1350. [PMID: 38710766 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Information about heading direction is critical for navigation as it provides the means to orient ourselves in space. However, given that veridical head-direction signals require physical rotation of the head and most human neuroimaging experiments depend upon fixing the head in position, little is known about how the human brain is tuned to such heading signals. Here we adress this by asking 52 healthy participants undergoing simultaneous electroencephalography and motion tracking recordings (split into two experiments) and 10 patients undergoing simultaneous intracranial electroencephalography and motion tracking recordings to complete a series of orientation tasks in which they made physical head rotations to target positions. We then used a series of forward encoding models and linear mixed-effects models to isolate electrophysiological activity that was specifically tuned to heading direction. We identified a robust posterior central signature that predicts changes in veridical head orientation after regressing out confounds including sensory input and muscular activity. Both source localization and intracranial analysis implicated the medial temporal lobe as the origin of this effect. Subsequent analyses disentangled head-direction signatures from signals relating to head rotation and those reflecting location-specific effects. Lastly, when directly comparing head direction and eye-gaze-related tuning, we found that the brain maintains both codes while actively navigating, with stronger tuning to head direction in the medial temporal lobe. Together, these results reveal a taxonomy of population-level head-direction signals within the human brain that is reminiscent of those reported in the single units of rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Griffiths
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Schreiner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia K Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Vollmar
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Quach
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Remi
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Soheyl Noachtar
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Staudigl
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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4
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Long X, Deng B, Shen R, Yang L, Chen L, Ran Q, Du X, Zhang SJ. Border cells without theta rhythmicity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321614121. [PMID: 38857401 PMCID: PMC11194599 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321614121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain structure for higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and goal-directed behavior, many of which require awareness of spatial variables including one's current position within the surrounding environment. Although previous studies have reported spatially tuned activities in mPFC during memory-related trajectory, the spatial tuning of mPFC network during freely foraging behavior remains elusive. Here, we reveal geometric border or border-proximal representations from the neural activity of mPFC ensembles during naturally exploring behavior, with both allocentric and egocentric boundary responses. Unlike most of classical border cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) discharging along a single wall, a large majority of border cells in mPFC fire particularly along four walls. mPFC border cells generate new firing fields to external insert, and remain stable under darkness, across distinct shapes, and in novel environments. In contrast to hippocampal theta entrainment during spatial working memory tasks, mPFC border cells rarely exhibited theta rhythmicity during spontaneous locomotion behavior. These findings reveal spatially modulated activity in mPFC, supporting local computation for cognitive functions involving spatial context and contributing to a broad spatial tuning property of cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Qingxia Ran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Sheng-Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
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5
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Shirdhankar RN, Malkemper EP. Cognitive maps and the magnetic sense in vertebrates. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102880. [PMID: 38657284 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Navigation requires a network of neurons processing inputs from internally generated cues and external landmarks. Most studies on the neuronal basis of navigation in vertebrates have focused on rats and mice and the canonical senses vision, hearing, olfaction, and somatosensation. Some animals have evolved the ability to sense the Earth's magnetic field and use it for orientation. It can be expected that in these animals magnetic cues are integrated with other sensory cues in the cognitive map. We provide an overview of the behavioral evidence and brain regions involved in magnetic sensing in support of this idea, hoping that this will guide future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runita N Shirdhankar
- Research Group Neurobiology of Magnetoreception, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - Caesar, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, Bonn 53175, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Pascal Malkemper
- Research Group Neurobiology of Magnetoreception, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - Caesar, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, Bonn 53175, Germany.
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6
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Brünner H, Kim H, Ährlund-Richter S, van Lunteren JA, Crestani AP, Meletis K, Carlén M. Cell-type-specific representation of spatial context in the rat prefrontal cortex. iScience 2024; 27:109743. [PMID: 38711459 PMCID: PMC11070673 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to represent one's own position in relation to cues, goals, or threats is crucial to successful goal-directed behavior. Using optotagging in knock-in rats expressing Cre recombinase in parvalbumin (PV) neurons (PV-Cre rats), we demonstrate cell-type-specific encoding of spatial and movement variables in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during goal-directed reward seeking. Single neurons encoded the conjunction of the animal's spatial position and the run direction, referred to as the spatial context. The spatial context was most prominently represented by the inhibitory PV interneurons. Movement toward the reward was signified by increased local field potential (LFP) oscillations in the gamma band but this LFP signature was not related to the spatial information in the neuronal firing. The results highlight how spatial information is incorporated into cognitive operations in the mPFC. The presented PV-Cre line opens the door for expanded research approaches in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Brünner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hoseok Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Crestani
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marie Carlén
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Guo J, Wang J, Liang P, Tian E, Liu D, Guo Z, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Kong W, Crans DC, Lu Y, Zhang S. Vestibular dysfunction leads to cognitive impairments: State of knowledge in the field and clinical perspectives (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:36. [PMID: 38391090 PMCID: PMC10914312 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system may have a critical role in the integration of sensory information and the maintenance of cognitive function. A dysfunction in the vestibular system has a significant impact on quality of life. Recent research has provided evidence of a connection between vestibular information and cognitive functions, such as spatial memory, navigation and attention. Although the exact mechanisms linking the vestibular system to cognition remain elusive, researchers have identified various pathways. Vestibular dysfunction may lead to the degeneration of cortical vestibular network regions and adversely affect synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, ultimately contributing to neuronal atrophy and cell death, resulting in memory and visuospatial deficits. Furthermore, the extent of cognitive impairment varies depending on the specific type of vestibular disease. In the present study, the current literature was reviewed, potential causal relationships between vestibular dysfunction and cognitive performance were discussed and directions for future research were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, P.R. China
| | - E Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yuejin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhanghong Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Yisheng Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Muysers H, Chen HL, Hahn J, Folschweiller S, Sigurdsson T, Sauer JF, Bartos M. A persistent prefrontal reference frame across time and task rules. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2115. [PMID: 38459033 PMCID: PMC10923947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Behavior can be remarkably consistent, even over extended time periods, yet whether this is reflected in stable or 'drifting' neuronal responses to task features remains controversial. Here, we find a persistently active ensemble of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice that reliably maintains trajectory-specific tuning over several weeks while performing an olfaction-guided spatial memory task. This task-specific reference frame is stabilized during learning, upon which repeatedly active neurons show little representational drift and maintain their trajectory-specific tuning across long pauses in task exposure and across repeated changes in cue-target location pairings. These data thus suggest a 'core ensemble' of prefrontal neurons forming a reference frame of task-relevant space for the performance of consistent behavior over extended periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Muysers
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Hung-Ling Chen
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Johannes Hahn
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shani Folschweiller
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Sleep-Wake-Epilepsy Center and Center for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Torfi Sigurdsson
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas-Frederic Sauer
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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9
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Kawahara D, Fujisawa S. Advantages of Persistent Cohomology in Estimating Animal Location From Grid Cell Population Activity. Neural Comput 2024; 36:385-411. [PMID: 38363660 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Many cognitive functions are represented as cell assemblies. In the case of spatial navigation, the population activity of place cells in the hippocampus and grid cells in the entorhinal cortex represents self-location in the environment. The brain cannot directly observe self-location information in the environment. Instead, it relies on sensory information and memory to estimate self-location. Therefore, estimating low-dimensional dynamics, such as the movement trajectory of an animal exploring its environment, from only the high-dimensional neural activity is important in deciphering the information represented in the brain. Most previous studies have estimated the low-dimensional dynamics (i.e., latent variables) behind neural activity by unsupervised learning with Bayesian population decoding using artificial neural networks or gaussian processes. Recently, persistent cohomology has been used to estimate latent variables from the phase information (i.e., circular coordinates) of manifolds created by neural activity. However, the advantages of persistent cohomology over Bayesian population decoding are not well understood. We compared persistent cohomology and Bayesian population decoding in estimating the animal location from simulated and actual grid cell population activity. We found that persistent cohomology can estimate the animal location with fewer neurons than Bayesian population decoding and robustly estimate the animal location from actual noisy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawahara
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Neurophysiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Fujisawa
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Neurophysiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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10
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Dundee JM, Puigdellívol M, Butler R, Brown GC. P2Y 6 Receptor-Dependent Microglial Phagocytosis of Synapses during Development Regulates Synapse Density and Memory. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8090-8103. [PMID: 37758475 PMCID: PMC10697425 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1089-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During brain development, excess synapses are pruned (i.e., removed), in part by microglial phagocytosis, and dysregulated synaptic pruning can lead to behavioral deficits. The P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R) is known to regulate microglial phagocytosis of neurons, and to regulate microglial phagocytosis of synapses in cell culture and in vivo during aging. However, currently it is unknown whether P2Y6R regulates synaptic pruning during development. Here, we show that P2Y6R KO mice of both sexes had strongly reduced microglial internalization of synaptic material, measured as Vglut1 within CD68-staining lysosomes of microglia at postnatal day 30 (P30), suggesting reduced microglial phagocytosis of synapses. Consistent with this, we found an increased density of synapses in the somatosensory cortex and the CA3 region and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus at P30. We also show that adult P2Y6R KO mice have impaired short- and long-term spatial memory and impaired short- and long-term recognition memory compared with WT mice, as measured by novel location recognition, novel object recognition, and Y-maze memory tests. Overall, this indicates that P2Y6R regulates microglial phagocytosis of synapses during development, and this contributes to memory capacity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R) is activated by uridine diphosphate released by neurons, inducing microglial phagocytosis of such neurons or synapses. We tested whether P2Y6R regulates developmental synaptic pruning in mice and found that P2Y6R KO mice have reduced synaptic material within microglial lysosomes, and increased synaptic density in the brains of postnatal day 30 mice, consistent with reduced synaptic pruning during development. We also found that adult P2Y6R KO mice had reduced memory, consistent with persistent deficits in brain function, resulting from impaired synaptic pruning. Overall, the results suggest that P2Y6R mediates microglial phagocytosis of synapses during development, and the absence of this results in memory deficits in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Dundee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Mar Puigdellívol
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Richard Butler
- The Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
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Kazanina N, Poeppel D. The neural ingredients for a language of thought are available. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:996-1007. [PMID: 37625973 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The classical notion of a 'language of thought' (LoT), advanced prominently by the philosopher Jerry Fodor, is an influential position in cognitive science whereby the mental representations underpinning thought are considered to be compositional and productive, enabling the construction of new complex thoughts from more primitive symbolic concepts. LoT theory has been challenged because a neural implementation has been deemed implausible. We disagree. Examples of critical computational ingredients needed for a neural implementation of a LoT have in fact been demonstrated, in particular in the hippocampal spatial navigation system of rodents. Here, we show that cell types found in spatial navigation (border cells, object cells, head-direction cells, etc.) provide key types of representation and computation required for the LoT, underscoring its neurobiological viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kazanina
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Poeppel
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, Frankfurt, Germany; New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Gianatti M, Garvert AC, Lenkey N, Ebbesen NC, Hennestad E, Vervaeke K. Multiple long-range projections convey position information to the agranular retrosplenial cortex. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113109. [PMID: 37682706 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal signals encoding the animal's position widely modulate neocortical processing. While these signals are assumed to depend on hippocampal output, their origin has not been investigated directly. Here, we asked which brain region sends position information to the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a key circuit for memory and navigation. We comprehensively characterized the long-range inputs to agranular RSC using two-photon axonal imaging in head-fixed mice performing a spatial task in darkness. Surprisingly, most long-range pathways convey position information, but with notable differences. Axons from the secondary motor and posterior parietal cortex transmit the most position information. By contrast, axons from the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus convey substantially less position information. Axons from the primary and secondary visual cortex contribute negligibly. This demonstrates that the hippocampus is not the only source of position information. Instead, the RSC is a hub in a distributed brain network that shares position information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gianatti
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Christina Garvert
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Lenkey
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Cecilie Ebbesen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hennestad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Koen Vervaeke
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Raithel CU, Miller AJ, Epstein RA, Kahnt T, Gottfried JA. Recruitment of grid-like responses in human entorhinal and piriform cortices by odor landmark-based navigation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3561-3570.e4. [PMID: 37506703 PMCID: PMC10510564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory navigation is universal across the animal kingdom. Humans, however, have rarely been considered in this context. Here, we combined olfactometry techniques, virtual reality (VR) software, and neuroimaging methods to investigate whether humans can navigate an olfactory landscape by learning the spatial relationships among discrete odor cues and integrating this knowledge into a spatial map. Our data show that over time, participants improved their performance on the odor navigation task by taking more direct paths toward targets and completing more trials within a given time period. This suggests that humans can successfully navigate a complex odorous environment, reinforcing the notion of human olfactory navigation. fMRI data collected during the olfactory navigation task revealed the emergence of grid-like responses in entorhinal and piriform cortices that were attuned to the same grid orientation. This result implies the existence of a specialized olfactory grid network tasked with guiding spatial navigation based on odor landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara U Raithel
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alexander J Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell A Epstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thorsten Kahnt
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jay A Gottfried
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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14
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Li Z, Athwal D, Lee HL, Sah P, Opazo P, Chuang KH. Locating causal hubs of memory consolidation in spontaneous brain network in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5399. [PMID: 37669938 PMCID: PMC10480429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation after learning involves spontaneous, brain-wide network reorganization during rest and sleep, but how this is achieved is still poorly understood. Current theory suggests that the hippocampus is pivotal for this reshaping of connectivity. Using fMRI in male mice, we identify that a different set of spontaneous networks and their hubs are instrumental in consolidating memory during post-learning rest. We found that two types of spatial memory training invoke distinct functional connections, but that a network of the sensory cortex and subcortical areas is common for both tasks. Furthermore, learning increased brain-wide network integration, with the prefrontal, striatal and thalamic areas being influential for this network-level reconfiguration. Chemogenetic suppression of each hub identified after learning resulted in retrograde amnesia, confirming the behavioral significance. These results demonstrate the causal and functional roles of resting-state network hubs in memory consolidation and suggest that a distributed network beyond the hippocampus subserves this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengmin Li
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dilsher Athwal
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hsu-Lei Lee
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Joint Center for Neuroscience and Neural Engineering, and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Patricio Opazo
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kai-Hsiang Chuang
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Centre of Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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15
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Parra-Barrero E, Vijayabaskaran S, Seabrook E, Wiskott L, Cheng S. A map of spatial navigation for neuroscience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105200. [PMID: 37178943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial navigation has received much attention from neuroscientists, leading to the identification of key brain areas and the discovery of numerous spatially selective cells. Despite this progress, our understanding of how the pieces fit together to drive behavior is generally lacking. We argue that this is partly caused by insufficient communication between behavioral and neuroscientific researchers. This has led the latter to under-appreciate the relevance and complexity of spatial behavior, and to focus too narrowly on characterizing neural representations of space-disconnected from the computations these representations are meant to enable. We therefore propose a taxonomy of navigation processes in mammals that can serve as a common framework for structuring and facilitating interdisciplinary research in the field. Using the taxonomy as a guide, we review behavioral and neural studies of spatial navigation. In doing so, we validate the taxonomy and showcase its usefulness in identifying potential issues with common experimental approaches, designing experiments that adequately target particular behaviors, correctly interpreting neural activity, and pointing to new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Parra-Barrero
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandhiya Vijayabaskaran
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eddie Seabrook
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laurenz Wiskott
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sen Cheng
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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16
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Hardcastle K. Spatial cognition: Uncovering navigational representations in prefrontal cortices. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R855-R857. [PMID: 37607479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
A new study identifies representations of navigational variables in six prefrontal regions in freely moving macaques, expanding our view of how the brain represents space outside of the broader hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiah Hardcastle
- Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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17
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Maisson DJN, Cervera RL, Voloh B, Conover I, Zambre M, Zimmermann J, Hayden BY. Widespread coding of navigational variables in prefrontal cortex. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3478-3488.e3. [PMID: 37541250 PMCID: PMC10984098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
To navigate effectively, we must represent information about our location in the environment. Traditional research highlights the role of the hippocampal complex in this process. Spurred by recent research highlighting the widespread cortical encoding of cognitive and motor variables previously thought to have localized function, we hypothesized that navigational variables would be likewise encoded widely, especially in the prefrontal cortex, which is associated with volitional behavior. We recorded neural activity from six prefrontal regions while macaques performed a foraging task in an open enclosure. In all regions, we found strong encoding of allocentric position, allocentric head direction, boundary distance, and linear and angular velocity. These encodings were not accounted for by distance, time to reward, or motor factors. The strength of coding of all variables increased along a ventral-to-dorsal gradient. Together, these results argue that encoding of navigational variables is not localized to the hippocampus and support the hypothesis that navigation is continuous with other forms of flexible cognition in the service of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J-N Maisson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Roberto Lopez Cervera
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Voloh
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Indirah Conover
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mrunal Zambre
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jan Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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18
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Jankowski MM, Polterovich A, Kazakov A, Niediek J, Nelken I. An automated, low-latency environment for studying the neural basis of behavior in freely moving rats. BMC Biol 2023; 21:172. [PMID: 37568111 PMCID: PMC10416379 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavior consists of the interaction between an organism and its environment, and is controlled by the brain. Brain activity varies at sub-second time scales, but behavioral measures are usually coarse (often consisting of only binary trial outcomes). RESULTS To overcome this mismatch, we developed the Rat Interactive Foraging Facility (RIFF): a programmable interactive arena for freely moving rats with multiple feeding areas, multiple sound sources, high-resolution behavioral tracking, and simultaneous electrophysiological recordings. The paper provides detailed information about the construction of the RIFF and the software used to control it. To illustrate the flexibility of the RIFF, we describe two complex tasks implemented in the RIFF, a foraging task and a sound localization task. Rats quickly learned to obtain rewards in both tasks. Neurons in the auditory cortex as well as neurons in the auditory field in the posterior insula had sound-driven activity during behavior. Remarkably, neurons in both structures also showed sensitivity to non-auditory parameters such as location in the arena and head-to-body angle. CONCLUSIONS The RIFF provides insights into the cognitive capabilities and learning mechanisms of rats and opens the way to a better understanding of how brains control behavior. The ability to do so depends crucially on the combination of wireless electrophysiology and detailed behavioral documentation available in the RIFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Jankowski
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and the Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- BioTechMed Center, Multimedia Systems Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ana Polterovich
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and the Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex Kazakov
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and the Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Johannes Niediek
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and the Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Israel Nelken
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and the Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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19
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Purohit P, Dutta P, Roy PK. Empirically validated theoretical analysis of visual-spatial perception under change of nervous system arousal. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 17:1136985. [PMID: 37251600 PMCID: PMC10213702 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1136985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Visual-spatial perception is a process for extracting the spatial relationship between objects in the environment. The changes in visual-spatial perception due to factors such as the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (hyperactivation) or parasympathetic nervous system (hypoactivation) can affect the internal representation of the external visual-spatial world. We formulated a quantitative model of the modulation of visual-perceptual space under action by hyperactivation or hypoactivation-inducing neuromodulating agents. We showed a Hill equation based relationship between neuromodulator agent concentration and alteration of visual-spatial perception utilizing the metric tensor to quantify the visual space. Methods We computed the dynamics of the psilocybin (hyperactivation-inducing agent) and chlorpromazine (hypoactivation-inducing agent) in brain tissue. Then, we validated our quantitative model by analyzing the findings of different independent behavioral studies where subjects were assessed for alterations in visual-spatial perception under the action of psilocybin and under chlorpromazine. To validate the neuronal correlates, we simulated the effect of the neuromodulating agent on the computational model of the grid-cell network, and also performed diffusion MRI-based tractography to find the neural tracts between the cortical areas involved: V2 and the entorhinal cortex. Results We applied our computational model to an experiment (where perceptual alterations were measured under psilocybin) and found that for n (Hill-coefficient) = 14.8 and k = 1.39, the theoretical prediction followed experimental observations very well (χ2 test robustly satisfied, p > 0.99). We predicted the outcome of another psilocybin-based experiment using these values (n = 14.8 and k = 1.39), whereby our prediction and experimental outcomes were well corroborated. Furthermore, we found that also under hypoactivation (chlorpromazine), the modulation of the visual-spatial perception follows our model. Moreover, we found neural tracts between the area V2 and entorhinal cortex, thus providing a possible brain network responsible for encoding visual-spatial perception. Thence, we simulated the altered grid-cell network activity, which was also found to follow the Hill equation. Conclusion We developed a computational model of visuospatial perceptual alterations under altered neural sympathetic/parasympathetic tone. We validated our model using analysis of behavioral studies, neuroimaging assessment, and neurocomputational evaluation. Our quantitative approach may be probed as a potential behavioral screening and monitoring methodology in neuropsychology to analyze perceptual misjudgment and mishaps by highly stressed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Purohit
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Prasun Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Prasun K. Roy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), Greater Noida, India
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20
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Inayat S, McAllister BB, Whishaw IQ, Mohajerani MH. Hippocampal conjunctive and complementary CA1 populations relate sensory events to movement. iScience 2023; 26:106481. [PMID: 37096033 PMCID: PMC10121467 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal CA1 neurons respond to sensory stimuli during enforced immobility, movement, and their transitions in a new conveyor belt task. Head-fixed mice were exposed to light flashes or air streams while at rest, spontaneously moving, or running a fixed distance. Two-photon calcium imaging of CA1 neurons revealed that 62% of 3341 imaged cells were active during one or more of 20 sensorimotor events. Of these active cells, 17% were active for any given sensorimotor event, with a higher proportion during locomotion. The study found two types of cells: Conjunctive cells that were active across multiple events, and complementary cells that were active only during individual events, encoding novel sensorimotor events or their delayed repetitions. The configuration of these cells across changing sensorimotor events may signify the role of hippocampus in functional networks integrating sensory information with ongoing movement making it suitable for movement guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsoon Inayat
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Brendan B McAllister
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Ian Q Whishaw
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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21
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Alonso I, Scheer I, Palacio-Manzano M, Frézel-Jacob N, Philippides A, Prsa M. Peripersonal encoding of forelimb proprioception in the mouse somatosensory cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1866. [PMID: 37045825 PMCID: PMC10097678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conscious perception of limb movements depends on proprioceptive neural responses in the somatosensory cortex. In contrast to tactile sensations, proprioceptive cortical coding is barely studied in the mammalian brain and practically non-existent in rodent research. To understand the cortical representation of this important sensory modality we developed a passive forelimb displacement paradigm in behaving mice and also trained them to perceptually discriminate where their limb is moved in space. We delineated the rodent proprioceptive cortex with wide-field calcium imaging and optogenetic silencing experiments during behavior. Our results reveal that proprioception is represented in both sensory and motor cortical areas. In addition, behavioral measurements and responses of layer 2/3 neurons imaged with two-photon microscopy reveal that passive limb movements are both perceived and encoded in the mouse cortex as a spatial direction vector that interfaces the limb with the body's peripersonal space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Alonso
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Irina Scheer
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Palacio-Manzano
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Frézel-Jacob
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Philippides
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mario Prsa
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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22
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Abstract
The elucidation of spatial coding in the hippocampus requires exploring diverse animal species. While robust place-cells are found in the mammalian hippocampus, much less is known about spatial coding in the hippocampus of birds. Here we used a wireless-electrophysiology system to record single neurons in the hippocampus and other two dorsal pallial structures from freely flying barn owls (Tyto alba), a central-place nocturnal predator species with excellent navigational abilities. The owl's 3D position was monitored while it flew between perches. We found place cells-neurons that fired when the owl flew through a spatially restricted region in at least one direction-as well as neurons that encoded the direction of flight, and neurons that represented the owl's perching position between flights. Many neurons encoded combinations of position, direction, and perching. Spatial coding was maintained stable and invariant to lighting conditions. Place cells were observed in owls performing two different types of flying tasks, highlighting the generality of the result. Place coding was found in the anterior hippocampus and in the posterior part of the hyperpallium apicale, and to a lesser extent in the visual Wulst. The finding of place-cells in flying owls suggests commonalities in spatial coding across mammals and birds.
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23
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Effects of neuromodulation-inspired mechanisms on the performance of deep neural networks in a spatial learning task. iScience 2023; 26:106026. [PMID: 36818295 PMCID: PMC9929609 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the biological underpinnings of adaptive learning have been modeled, leading to faster model convergence and various behavioral benefits in tasks including spatial navigation and cue-reward association. Furthermore, studies have investigated how the neuromodulatory system, a major driver of synaptic plasticity and state-dependent changes in the brain neuronal activities, plays a role in training deep neural networks (DNNs). In this study, we extended previous studies on neuromodulation-inspired DNNs and explored the effects of neuromodulatory components on learning and single unit activities in a spatial learning task. Under the multiscale neuromodulatory framework, plastic components, dropout probability modulation, and learning rate decay were added to the single unit, layer, and whole network levels of DNN models, respectively. We observed behavioral benefits including faster learning and smaller error of ambulation. We then concluded that neuromodulatory components can affect learning trajectories, outcomes, and single unit activities, in a component- and hyperparameter-dependent manner.
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24
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Wu X, Lin J, Li Y, Yan W, Wu Y, Shi Y, Wu X, Xue Y, He J, Liu S, Zhang X, Xu H, Tang Y, Yin S. The involvement of ADAR1 in chronic unpredictable stress-induced cognitive impairment by targeting DARPP-32 with miR-874-3p in BALB/c mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:919297. [PMID: 37123418 PMCID: PMC10132208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.919297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic stress exposure is the main environmental factor leading to cognitive impairment, but the detailed molecular mechanism is still unclear. Adenosine Deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA1(ADAR1) is involved in the occurrence of chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment. In addition, dopamine and Adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate-regulated phospho-protein (DARPP-32) gene variation affects cognitive function. Therefore, we hypothesized that ADAR1 plays a key role in chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment by acting on DARPP-32. Methods: In this study, postnatal 21-day-old male BALB/c mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable stressors. After that, the mice were treated with ADAR1 inducer/inhibitor. The cognitive ability and cerebral DARPP-32 protein expression of BALB/c mice were evaluated. In order to explore the link between ADAR1 and DARPP-32, the effects of ADAR1 high/low expression on DARPP-32 protein expression in vitro were detected. Results: ADAR1 inducer alleviates cognitive impairment and recovers decreased DARPP-32 protein expression of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in BALB/c mice with chronic unpredictable stress exposure. In vivo and in vitro studies confirm the results predicted by bio-informatics; that is, ADAR1 affects DARPP-32 expression via miR-874-3p. Discussion: The results in this study demonstrate that ADAR1 affects the expression of DARPP-32 via miR-874-3p, which is involved in the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis in chronic unpredictable stress-induced cognitive impairment. The new findings of this study provide a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of stress cognitive impairment from epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingxin Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiabin Lin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yufei Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Research and Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanfei Shi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xindi Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaqian He
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuqi Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiyuan Tang
- College of Health Solutions, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Shengming Yin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Shengming Yin,
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Zhang X, Long X, Zhang SJ, Chen ZS. Excitatory-inhibitory recurrent dynamics produce robust visual grids and stable attractors. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111777. [PMID: 36516752 PMCID: PMC9805366 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially modulated grid cells have been recently found in the rat secondary visual cortex (V2) during active navigation. However, the computational mechanism and functional significance of V2 grid cells remain unknown. To address the knowledge gap, we train a biologically inspired excitatory-inhibitory recurrent neural network to perform a two-dimensional spatial navigation task with multisensory input. We find grid-like responses in both excitatory and inhibitory RNN units, which are robust with respect to spatial cues, dimensionality of visual input, and activation function. Population responses reveal a low-dimensional, torus-like manifold and attractor. We find a link between functional grid clusters with similar receptive fields and structured excitatory-to-excitatory connections. Additionally, multistable torus-like attractors emerged with increasing sparsity in inter- and intra-subnetwork connectivity. Finally, irregular grid patterns are found in recurrent neural network (RNN) units during a visual sequence recognition task. Together, our results suggest common computational mechanisms of V2 grid cells for spatial and non-spatial tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China; Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Safron A, Çatal O, Verbelen T. Generalized Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (G-SLAM) as unification framework for natural and artificial intelligences: towards reverse engineering the hippocampal/entorhinal system and principles of high-level cognition. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:787659. [PMID: 36246500 PMCID: PMC9563348 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.787659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) represents a fundamental problem for autonomous embodied systems, for which the hippocampal/entorhinal system (H/E-S) has been optimized over the course of evolution. We have developed a biologically-inspired SLAM architecture based on latent variable generative modeling within the Free Energy Principle and Active Inference (FEP-AI) framework, which affords flexible navigation and planning in mobile robots. We have primarily focused on attempting to reverse engineer H/E-S "design" properties, but here we consider ways in which SLAM principles from robotics may help us better understand nervous systems and emergent minds. After reviewing LatentSLAM and notable features of this control architecture, we consider how the H/E-S may realize these functional properties not only for physical navigation, but also with respect to high-level cognition understood as generalized simultaneous localization and mapping (G-SLAM). We focus on loop-closure, graph-relaxation, and node duplication as particularly impactful architectural features, suggesting these computational phenomena may contribute to understanding cognitive insight (as proto-causal-inference), accommodation (as integration into existing schemas), and assimilation (as category formation). All these operations can similarly be describable in terms of structure/category learning on multiple levels of abstraction. However, here we adopt an ecological rationality perspective, framing H/E-S functions as orchestrating SLAM processes within both concrete and abstract hypothesis spaces. In this navigation/search process, adaptive cognitive equilibration between assimilation and accommodation involves balancing tradeoffs between exploration and exploitation; this dynamic equilibrium may be near optimally realized in FEP-AI, wherein control systems governed by expected free energy objective functions naturally balance model simplicity and accuracy. With respect to structure learning, such a balance would involve constructing models and categories that are neither too inclusive nor exclusive. We propose these (generalized) SLAM phenomena may represent some of the most impactful sources of variation in cognition both within and between individuals, suggesting that modulators of H/E-S functioning may potentially illuminate their adaptive significances as fundamental cybernetic control parameters. Finally, we discuss how understanding H/E-S contributions to G-SLAM may provide a unifying framework for high-level cognition and its potential realization in artificial intelligences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Safron
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Ozan Çatal
- IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University—imec, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Verbelen
- IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University—imec, Ghent, Belgium
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Asumbisa K, Peyrache A, Trenholm S. Flexible cue anchoring strategies enable stable head direction coding in both sighted and blind animals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5483. [PMID: 36123333 PMCID: PMC9485117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision plays a crucial role in instructing the brain’s spatial navigation systems. However, little is known about how vision loss affects the neuronal encoding of spatial information. Here, recording from head direction (HD) cells in the anterior dorsal nucleus of the thalamus in mice, we find stable and robust HD tuning in rd1 mice, a model of photoreceptor degeneration, that go blind by approximately one month of age. In contrast, placing sighted animals in darkness significantly impairs HD cell tuning. We find that blind mice use olfactory cues to maintain stable HD tuning and that prior visual experience leads to refined HD cell tuning in blind rd1 adult mice compared to congenitally blind animals. Finally, in the absence of both visual and olfactory cues, the HD attractor network remains intact but the preferred firing direction of HD cells drifts over time. These findings demonstrate flexibility in how the brain uses diverse sensory information to generate a stable directional representation of space. Vision plays an important role in the head direction cell system in animals. Here the authors recorded from head direction cells in rd1 mice that show retinal degeneration at 1 month, and find that they use smell cues to maintain stable HD tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadjita Asumbisa
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Adrien Peyrache
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Stuart Trenholm
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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28
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Replay, the default mode network and the cascaded memory systems model. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:628-640. [PMID: 35970912 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous replay of patterns of activity related to past experiences and memories is a striking feature of brain activity, as is the coherent activation of sets of brain areas - particularly those comprising the default mode network (DMN) - during rest. We propose that these two phenomena are strongly intertwined and that their potential functions overlap. In the 'cascaded memory systems model' that we outline here, we hypothesize that the DMN forms the backbone for the propagation of replay, mediating interactions between the hippocampus and the neocortex that enable the consolidation of new memories. The DMN may also independently ignite replay cascades, which support reactivation of older memories or high-level semantic representations. We suggest that transient cortical activations, inducing long-range correlations across the neocortex, are a key mechanism supporting a hierarchy of representations that progresses from simple percepts to semantic representations of causes and, finally, to whole episodes.
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29
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Chen ZS, Zhang X, Long X, Zhang SJ. Are Grid-Like Representations a Component of All Perception and Cognition? Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:924016. [PMID: 35911570 PMCID: PMC9329517 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.924016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grid cells or grid-like responses have been reported in the rodent, bat and human brains during various spatial and non-spatial tasks. However, the functions of grid-like representations beyond the classical hippocampal formation remain elusive. Based on accumulating evidence from recent rodent recordings and human fMRI data, we make speculative accounts regarding the mechanisms and functional significance of the sensory cortical grid cells and further make theory-driven predictions. We argue and reason the rationale why grid responses may be universal in the brain for a wide range of perceptual and cognitive tasks that involve locomotion and mental navigation. Computational modeling may provide an alternative and complementary means to investigate the grid code or grid-like map. We hope that the new discussion will lead to experimentally testable hypotheses and drive future experimental data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhe Sage Chen
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Sheng-Jia Zhang
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30
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Abstract
When navigating through space, we must maintain a representation of our position in real time; when recalling a past episode, a memory can come back in a flash. Interestingly, the brain's spatial representation system, including the hippocampus, supports these two distinct timescale functions. How are neural representations of space used in the service of both real-world navigation and internal mnemonic processes? Recent progress has identified sequences of hippocampal place cells, evolving at multiple timescales in accordance with either navigational behaviors or internal oscillations, that underlie these functions. We review experimental findings on experience-dependent modulation of these sequential representations and consider how they link real-world navigation to time-compressed memories. We further discuss recent work suggesting the prevalence of these sequences beyond hippocampus and propose that these multiple-timescale mechanisms may represent a general algorithm for organizing cell assemblies, potentially unifying the dual roles of the spatial representation system in memory and navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Tang
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Shantanu P Jadhav
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA;
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31
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Draguhn A. No single place for space: neuronal representation of location beyond the hippocampus : Comment on: Sauer JF, Folschweiller S, Bartos M (2022) Topographically organized representation of space and context in the medial prefrontal cortex. PNAS 119:e2117300119. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:569-571. [PMID: 35524801 PMCID: PMC9117354 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Draguhn
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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32
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Long X, Deng B, Young CK, Liu G, Zhong Z, Chen Q, Yang H, Lv S, Chen ZS, Zhang S. Sharp Tuning of Head Direction and Angular Head Velocity Cells in the Somatosensory Cortex. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200020. [PMID: 35297541 PMCID: PMC9109065 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Head direction (HD) cells form a fundamental component in the brain's spatial navigation system and are intricately linked to spatial memory and cognition. Although HD cells have been shown to act as an internal neuronal compass in various cortical and subcortical regions, the neural substrate of HD cells is incompletely understood. It is reported that HD cells in the somatosensory cortex comprise regular-spiking (RS, putative excitatory) and fast-spiking (FS, putative inhibitory) neurons. Surprisingly, somatosensory FS HD cells fire in bursts and display much sharper head-directionality than RS HD cells. These FS HD cells are nonconjunctive, rarely theta rhythmic, sparsely connected and enriched in layer 5. Moreover, sharply tuned FS HD cells, in contrast with RS HD cells, maintain stable tuning in darkness; FS HD cells' coexistence with RS HD cells and angular head velocity (AHV) cells in a layer-specific fashion through the somatosensory cortex presents a previously unreported configuration of spatial representation in the neocortex. Together, these findings challenge the notion that FS interneurons are weakly tuned to sensory stimuli, and offer a local circuit organization relevant to the generation and transmission of HD signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Long
- Department of NeurosurgeryXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400037China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of NeurosurgeryXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400037China
| | - Calvin K. Young
- Department of PsychologyBrain Health Research CentreUniversity of OtagoDunedin9054New Zealand
| | - Guo‐Long Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400037China
| | - Zeqi Zhong
- Department of NeurosurgeryXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400037China
| | - Qian Chen
- Center for Biomedical AnalysisCollege of Basic MedicineArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400037China
| | - Sheng‐Qing Lv
- Department of NeurosurgeryXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400037China
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of PsychiatryDepartment of Neuroscience and PhysiologyNeuroscience InstituteNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Sheng‐Jia Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400037China
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33
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Restricted truncal sagittal movements of rapid eye movement behaviour disorder. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:26. [PMID: 35292658 PMCID: PMC8924261 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike sleep-walkers, patients with rapid-eye-movement-behaviour disorder (RBD) rarely leave the bed during the re-enactment of their dreams. RBD movements may be independent of spatial co-ordinates of the ‘outside-world’, and instead rely on (allocentric) brain-generated virtual space-maps, as evident by patients’ limited truncal/axial movements. To confirm this, a semiology analysis of video-polysomnography records of 38 RBD patients was undertaken and paradoxically restricted truncal/thoraco-lumbar movements during complex dream re-enactments demonstrated.
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34
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Stiso J, Lynn CW, Kahn AE, Rangarajan V, Szymula KP, Archer R, Revell A, Stein JM, Litt B, Davis KA, Lucas TH, Bassett DS. Neurophysiological Evidence for Cognitive Map Formation during Sequence Learning. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0361-21.2022. [PMID: 35105662 PMCID: PMC8896554 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0361-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans deftly parse statistics from sequences. Some theories posit that humans learn these statistics by forming cognitive maps, or underlying representations of the latent space which links items in the sequence. Here, an item in the sequence is a node, and the probability of transitioning between two items is an edge. Sequences can then be generated from walks through the latent space, with different spaces giving rise to different sequence statistics. Individual or group differences in sequence learning can be modeled by changing the time scale over which estimates of transition probabilities are built, or in other words, by changing the amount of temporal discounting. Latent space models with temporal discounting bear a resemblance to models of navigation through Euclidean spaces. However, few explicit links have been made between predictions from Euclidean spatial navigation and neural activity during human sequence learning. Here, we use a combination of behavioral modeling and intracranial encephalography (iEEG) recordings to investigate how neural activity might support the formation of space-like cognitive maps through temporal discounting during sequence learning. Specifically, we acquire human reaction times from a sequential reaction time task, to which we fit a model that formulates the amount of temporal discounting as a single free parameter. From the parameter, we calculate each individual's estimate of the latent space. We find that neural activity reflects these estimates mostly in the temporal lobe, including areas involved in spatial navigation. Similar to spatial navigation, we find that low-dimensional representations of neural activity allow for easy separation of important features, such as modules, in the latent space. Lastly, we take advantage of the high temporal resolution of iEEG data to determine the time scale on which latent spaces are learned. We find that learning typically happens within the first 500 trials, and is modulated by the underlying latent space and the amount of temporal discounting characteristic of each participant. Ultimately, this work provides important links between behavioral models of sequence learning and neural activity during the same behavior, and contextualizes these results within a broader framework of domain general cognitive maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Stiso
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christopher W Lynn
- Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Ari E Kahn
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Vinitha Rangarajan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Karol P Szymula
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ryan Archer
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew Revell
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joel M Stein
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Brian Litt
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kathryn A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Timothy H Lucas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
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35
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Topographically organized representation of space and context in the medial prefrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2117300119. [PMID: 35121665 PMCID: PMC8833199 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117300119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neocortex is composed of areas with specialized functions (e.g., sensory versus associational). Despite this functional diversity, emerging evidence suggests that the encoding of space might be a universal feature of cortical circuits. Here, we identified a gradient of spatial tuning depth along the dorsoventral axis. A complex topography of spatial tuning properties might support a division of labor among medial prefrontal cortical subnetworks to support local circuit computation relevant for the execution of context-dependent behavioral outcomes. Spatial tuning of neocortical pyramidal cells has been observed in diverse cortical regions and is thought to rely primarily on input from the hippocampal formation. Despite the well-studied hippocampal place code, many properties of the neocortical spatial tuning system are still insufficiently understood. In particular, it has remained unclear how the topography of direct anatomical connections from hippocampus to neocortex affects spatial tuning depth, and whether the dynamics of spatial coding in the hippocampal output region CA1, such as remapping in novel environments, is transmitted to the neocortex. Using mice navigating through virtual environments, we addressed these questions in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex, which receives direct input from the hippocampus. We found a rapidly emerging prefrontal representation of space in the absence of task rules, which discriminates familiar from novel environments and is reinstated upon reexposure to the same familiar environment. Topographical analysis revealed a dorsoventral gradient in the representation of the own position, which runs opposite to the innervation density of hippocampal inputs. Jointly, these results reveal a dynamically emerging and topographically organized prefrontal place code during spontaneous locomotion.
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Abstract
Perhaps the most recognizable “sensory map” in neuroscience is the somatosensory homunculus. Although the homunculus suggests a direct link between cortical territory and body part, the relationship is actually ambiguous without a decoder that knows this mapping. How the somatosensory system derives a spatial code from an activation in the homunculus is a longstanding mystery we aimed to solve. We propose that touch location is disambiguated using multilateration, a computation used by surveying and global positioning systems to localize objects. We develop a Bayesian formulation of multilateration, which we implement in a neural network to identify its computational signature. We then detect this signature in psychophysical experiments. Our results suggest that multilateration provides the homunculus-to-body mapping necessary for localizing touch. Perhaps the most recognizable sensory map in all of neuroscience is the somatosensory homunculus. Although it seems straightforward, this simple representation belies the complex link between an activation in a somatotopic map and the associated touch location on the body. Any isolated activation is spatially ambiguous without a neural decoder that can read its position within the entire map, but how this is computed by neural networks is unknown. We propose that the somatosensory system implements multilateration, a common computation used by surveying and global positioning systems to localize objects. Specifically, to decode touch location on the body, multilateration estimates the relative distance between the afferent input and the boundaries of a body part (e.g., the joints of a limb). We show that a simple feedforward neural network, which captures several fundamental receptive field properties of cortical somatosensory neurons, can implement a Bayes-optimal multilateral computation. Simulations demonstrated that this decoder produced a pattern of localization variability between two boundaries that was unique to multilateration. Finally, we identify this computational signature of multilateration in actual psychophysical experiments, suggesting that it is a candidate computational mechanism underlying tactile localization.
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37
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Noachtar IA, Hidalgo-Lopez E, Pletzer B. Duration of oral contraceptive use relates to cognitive performance and brain activation in current and past users. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:885617. [PMID: 36204097 PMCID: PMC9530450 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.885617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use on spatial and verbal cognition. However, a better understanding of the OC effects is still needed, including the differential effects of androgenic or anti-androgenic OC use and whether the possible impact persists beyond the OC use. We aim to investigate the associations of OC use duration with spatial and verbal cognition, differentiating between androgenic and anti-androgenic OC. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we scanned a group of 94 past and current OC-users in a single session. We grouped current OC users (N=53) and past OC users with a natural cycle (N=41) into androgenic and anti-androgenic user. Effects of OC use duration were observed for current use and after discontinuation. Duration of OC use was reflected only in verbal fluency performance but not navigation: The longer the current OC use, the less words were produced in the verbal fluency task. During navigation, deactivation in the caudate and postcentral gyrus was duration-dependent in current androgenic OC users. Only during the verbal fluency task, duration of previous OC use affects several brain parameters, including activation of the left putamen and connectivity between right-hemispheric language areas (i.e., right inferior frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus). The results regarding performance and brain activation point towards stronger organizational effects of OCs on verbal rather than spatial processing. Irrespective of the task, a duration-dependent connectivity between the hippocampus and various occipital areas was observed. This could suggest a shift in strategy or processing style with long-term contraceptive use during navigation/verbal fluency. The current findings suggest a key role of the progestogenic component of OCs in both tasks. The influence of OC use on verbal fluency remains even after discontinuation which further points out the importance of future studies on OC effects and their reversibility.
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Neural correlates of beneficial effects of young plasma treatment in aged mice: PET-SPM analyses and neuro-behavioural/molecular biological studies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:1456-1469. [PMID: 34859282 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the in vivo neurofunctional changes and therapeutic effects of young blood plasma (YBP) in aged mice, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of YBP ex vivo and in vitro. METHODS Aged C57/BL6 mice received systemic administrations of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or YBP twice a week, for 4 weeks. In vivo 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) under conscious state and cognitive behavioural tests were performed after 4-week treatment. In addition, an in vitro senescent model was established, and the expressions of key cognition-associated proteins and/or the alterations of key neuronal pathways were analysed in both brain tissues and cultured cells. RESULTS Aged mice treated with YBP demonstrated higher glucose metabolism in the right hippocampus and bilateral somatosensory cortices, and lower glucose metabolism in the right bed nucleus of stria terminalis and left cerebellum. YBP treatment exerted beneficial effects on the spatial and long-term social recognition memory, and significantly increased the expressions of several cognition-related proteins and altered the key neuronal signalling pathways in the hippocampus and somatosensory cortex. Further in vitro studies suggested that YBP but not aged blood plasma significantly upregulated the expressions of several cognition-associated proteins. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the role of the hippocampus and somatosensory cortex in YBP-induced beneficial effects on recognition memory in aged mice. 18F-FDG PET imaging under conscious state provides a new avenue for exploring the mechanisms underlying YBP treatment against age-related cognitive decline.
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Cao L, Varga V, Chen ZS. Uncovering spatial representations from spatiotemporal patterns of rodent hippocampal field potentials. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100101. [PMID: 34888543 PMCID: PMC8654278 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal patterns of large-scale spiking and field potentials of the rodent hippocampus encode spatial representations during maze runs, immobility, and sleep. Here, we show that multisite hippocampal field potential amplitude at ultra-high-frequency band (FPAuhf), a generalized form of multiunit activity, provides not only a fast and reliable reconstruction of the rodent's position when awake, but also a readout of replay content during sharp-wave ripples. This FPAuhf feature may serve as a robust real-time decoding strategy from large-scale recordings in closed-loop experiments. Furthermore, we develop unsupervised learning approaches to extract low-dimensional spatiotemporal FPAuhf features during run and ripple periods and to infer latent dynamical structures from lower-rank FPAuhf features. We also develop an optical flow-based method to identify propagating spatiotemporal LFP patterns from multisite array recordings, which can be used as a decoding application. Finally, we develop a prospective decoding strategy to predict an animal's future decision in goal-directed navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Viktor Varga
- The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony Street, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zhe S. Chen
- The Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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40
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Park SA, Miller DS, Boorman ED. Inferences on a multidimensional social hierarchy use a grid-like code. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1292-1301. [PMID: 34465915 PMCID: PMC8759596 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Generalizing experiences to guide decision-making in novel situations is a hallmark of flexible behavior. Cognitive maps of an environment or task can theoretically afford such flexibility, but direct evidence has proven elusive. In this study, we found that discretely sampled abstract relationships between entities in an unseen two-dimensional social hierarchy are reconstructed into a unitary two-dimensional cognitive map in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. We further show that humans use a grid-like code in entorhinal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex for inferred direct trajectories between entities in the reconstructed abstract space during discrete decisions. These grid-like representations in the entorhinal cortex are associated with decision value computations in the medial prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction. Collectively, these findings show that grid-like representations are used by the human brain to infer novel solutions, even in abstract and discrete problems, and suggest a general mechanism underpinning flexible decision-making and generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas S. Miller
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Erie D. Boorman
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, USA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA
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41
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Wikenheiser AM, Gardner MPH, Mueller LE, Schoenbaum G. Spatial Representations in Rat Orbitofrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6933-6945. [PMID: 34210776 PMCID: PMC8360685 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0830-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus share striking cognitive and functional similarities. As a result, both structures have been proposed to encode "cognitive maps" that provide useful scaffolds for planning complex behaviors. However, while this function has been exemplified by spatial coding in neurons of hippocampal regions-particularly place and grid cells-spatial representations in the OFC have been investigated far less. Here we sought to address this by recording OFC neurons from male rats engaged in an open-field foraging task like that originally developed to characterize place fields in rodent hippocampal neurons. Single-unit activity was recorded as rats searched for food pellets scattered randomly throughout a large enclosure. In some sessions, particular flavors of food occurred more frequently in particular parts of the enclosure; in others, only a single flavor was used. OFC neurons showed spatially localized firing fields in both conditions, and representations changed between flavored and unflavored foraging periods in a manner reminiscent of remapping in the hippocampus. Compared with hippocampal recordings taken under similar behavioral conditions, OFC spatial representations were less temporally reliable, and there was no significant evidence of grid tuning in OFC neurons. These data confirm that OFC neurons show spatial firing fields in a large, two-dimensional environment in a manner similar to hippocampus. Consistent with the focus of the OFC on biological meaning and goals, spatial coding was weaker than in hippocampus and influenced by outcome identity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus have both been proposed to encode "cognitive maps" that provide useful scaffolds for planning complex behaviors. This function is exemplified by place and grid cells identified in hippocampus, the activity of which maps spatial environments. The current study directly demonstrates very similar, though not identical, spatial representatives in OFC neurons, confirming that OFC-like hippocampus-can represent a spatial map under the appropriate experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Wikenheiser
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Matthew P H Gardner
- Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Lauren E Mueller
- Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Geoffrey Schoenbaum
- Behavioral Neurophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Peyrache
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Adrian J Duszkiewicz
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Deantoni M, Villemonteix T, Balteau E, Schmidt C, Peigneux P. Post-Training Sleep Modulates Topographical Relearning-Dependent Resting State Activity. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040476. [PMID: 33918574 PMCID: PMC8069225 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuation of experience-dependent neural activity during offline sleep and wakefulness episodes is a critical component of memory consolidation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), offline consolidation effects have been evidenced probing behavioural and neurophysiological changes during memory retrieval, i.e., in the context of task practice. Resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) further allows investigating the offline evolution of recently learned information without the confounds of online task-related effects. We used rsfMRI to investigate sleep-related changes in seed-based resting functional connectivity (FC) and amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) after spatial navigation learning and relearning. On Day 1, offline resting state activity was measured immediately before and after topographical learning in a virtual town. On Day 4, it was measured again before and after relearning in an extended version of the town. Navigation-related activity was also recorded during target retrieval, i.e., online. Participants spent the first post-training night under regular sleep (RS) or sleep deprivation (SD) conditions. Results evidence FC and ALFF changes in task-related neural networks, indicating the continuation of navigation-related activity in the resting state. Although post-training sleep did not modulate behavioural performance, connectivity analyses evidenced increased FC after post-training SD between navigation-related brain structures during relearning in the extended environment. These results suggest that memory traces were less efficiently consolidated after post-learning SD, eventually resulting in the use of compensatory brain resources to link previously stored spatial elements with the newly presented information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Deantoni
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF) at CRCN—Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI—ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP191 Av. F. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; (M.D.); (T.V.)
- CRC-GIGA In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF) at CRCN—Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI—ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP191 Av. F. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; (M.D.); (T.V.)
- Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Lab, Paris 8 University, Rue de la Liberté 2, 93,526 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Evelyne Balteau
- CRC-GIGA In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Christina Schmidt
- CRC-GIGA In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.)
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition (PsyNCog), Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, Place des Orateurs, 3, Bâtiment B33, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF) at CRCN—Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI—ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP191 Av. F. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; (M.D.); (T.V.)
- CRC-GIGA In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Long X, Tao Y, Chen XC, Deng B, Cai J, Zhang SJ. Getting Lost: Place Cells and Grid Cells in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:894-897. [PMID: 33811610 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi-Chan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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